somwhat blackish and that it hath gotten the consistence of a Liniment or if in a Leaden Mortar the Oyl of Roses be stirred about with a Leaden Pestle so long that it likewise wax somthing black and become thick Or Take Oyl of Roses two ounces the Juyce of Nightshade an ounce and half Ceruss or white Lead washed Lead burnt and washed of each one dram Litharge Frankincense Pompholyx or the soyl of Brass of each half a dram White Wax as much as wil serve the turn make an Vnguent Or Take Terra Sigillata or the Sealed Earth of Lemnos Bole-armenick Ceruss of each half an ounce Tutia prepared two drams Pouder of green Frogs three drams Litharge one dram and half Oyl of Roses an ounce and half Oyl of Frogs an ounce Vinegar six drams Wax a sufficient quantity shake and stir them about for a good while in a Leaden Mortar and so make an Vnguent And indeed this is the safer way of curing Cancers that lie hid and secret in the body and such as are not a yet exulcerated For albeit Avìceré command that the lesser sort of Cancers and such as may be perceived be cut up by the very roots and after this excision that the thicker blood should be pressed and squeezed forth on al sides and round about and that the place be afterward feared and burnt with a Cautery that so by this said burning the reliques or remainders may be consumed the Member strengthened and the Hemorrhage or flux of blood hindered yet notwithstanding this kind of Cure hath much danger in it and we ought here to remember that above alleadged 38. Aphorism Section 6. For the Cancer especially if any thing great if it be wholly cut forth and as it were stub'd up by the roots then instantly there wil follow thereupon the Veins and Arteries being cut asunder an extraordinary and dangerous flux of blood which if it be intercepted with a binder then there wil be an extraordinary great and grievous pain excited in the other parts if they be feared and burnt this likewise cannot be done without much inconvenience and yet nevertheless there wil be great danger of its returning The Cure of an exulcerated Cancer But now whereas the most are of Opinion that the exulcerated Cancer is not at al to be attempted or medled with yet notwithstanding it being very inhumane to leave the sick person even in such a Disease altogether destitute of help and assistance there is therefore by Physitians appointed and set down a twofold way and method of curing these exulcerated Cancers the one true and genuine which tendeth to the removal of the very Cancer it self the other only Palliative as they term it which easeth asswageth and in some sor◠qualifieth the Cancer so that the sick person may live with somwhat the less pain and grievance The true Cure is performed either by Incision or Searing or burning Medicaments which indeed are most especially to be administred if the Cancer hath not yet attained unto any considerable growth and bigness or else if it be in those parts where it may without danger be cut forth or burnt It may be amputated and cut away even to the very quick that so whatsoever is vitious and corrupt may be wholly taken away so that there may be no fear left of any remaining contagion And somtimes only cutting wil suffice and by it the whol Cancer may be grubb'd up even by the very roots The amputation being made the blood is not to be suppressed and stopt from flowing before it shal manifestly appear that al thereof that is vitious and corrupt be flown forth out of the Veins afterwards dry Liniments are to be put upon the part that was cut and the Ulcer is to be concocted or ripened cleansed filled up with flesh and a Cicatrice drawn over it and so the Vein to be shut up But somtimes again if the Cancer be over-great and black Choler hath likewise seized upon the greater and deeper Vessels then in this case Section alone wil not suffice but besides the said cutting burning is also to be administred And therefore in the first place that Skin being taken off the Cancerous part it self together with al the blackish Veins is as much as possibly may be to be taken forth and the blood likewise according to the strength of the Patient is not instantly to be suppressed and stopt but rather to be further pressed and squeezed forth that so al the black Choler may by this means flow forth of the Veins After this the place is to be feared with a fire-hot Iron that so the Hemorrhage and bleeding may thereby be stanched and the reliques of the malignant matter wasted and consumed And at length those things that take away the crust cleanse the Ulcer generate and breed flesh and produce a Cicatrice are to be administred But others lest that the sick person should be endangered by the Hemorrhage and extream bleeding or together with the loss of his blood should lose his life also and lest the Chirurgeon by the flux of blood might likewise be hindered in his operation do not in the like manner as aforesaid amputate the whol Cancer and after that at length burn the whol but first of al they cut off a certain part thereof and then after that a sufficient quantity and portion of the blood is flown forth they burn and fear the said part and then again a second time they amputate and cut off another part thereof and again burn it and thus in this manner by turns iterating and repeating the Section and amputation as also the burning and learing they do at length quite take away the whol part affected with the Cancer The Cancer may also be burnt with Caustick Medicaments among which there is commended Sublimate Arsenick But there ought to be a special regard had unto the places and parts that lie round about it neither in this respect may crude Arsenick be without much hazard and danger thus administred That Arsenick is more safe that is poured forth mingled and fixed with Salnitre or the Salt of Nitre But now in regard that the great fear that here especially perplexeth Physitians is touching the recidivation and return of the Affect those Medicaments therefore that evacuate black Choler are often to be repeated and likewise those that have in them a power and vertue to draw forth the Hemorrhoids and the Courses Instead of which if they be wanting some there be that cause Issues to be made But in this case we are not only to administer such Medicaments as prepare and purge forth black Choler but those likewise that resist and oppose poysons and such as are known to be expedient in regard of their whol substance and such as have in them the property and sovereign vertue of Antidotes And for this purpose we are to administer Treacle and Mithridate with Borrage Cichory and the Juyce or Syrup of Sorrel the Broth of
the Evacuation of the blood and the preparation and purgation of the vitious humors ought to be enjoyned according to the Nature of the peccant humors This in the general is to be pre-cautioned that regard be had unto the Heart that it be wel and safe guarded against al the malignant vapors that exhale from the putrifying part And therefore we must here administer for the comforting and strengthening of the Heart Medicaments of Borrage Bugloss Carduus Benedictus the smallest Sorrel Bole-armenick Terra sigillata Bezoar stone Citrons Treacle Mithridate Species of Diamargarit frigid Electuarium de Gemmis Confection of Hyacinth Alkermes and the like Or Take the Water of Scabious Sorrel Borrage Roses and Carduus Benedictus of eâ—â—h one ounce and half Syrup of Sorrel Citrons and Pomegranates of each one ounce the species of Diamargarit frigid Bole armenick and Terra sigillata of each one scruple Mingle them and make a Potion Or Take Conserve of Roses two ounces of Sorrel of Borrage and of Gilliflower of each one ounce Citron rind candied Rob de Ribes of each half an ounce prepared Margarites Bole-armenick Terra sigillata the temperate Cordial Species of each one scruple Syrup of Sorrel and of Citrons as much as wil suffice and mingle them Let the Heart be likewise guarded externally with Topicks As Take the Water of Roses two ounces of Borrage and Sorrel one ounce and half of Carduus Benedictus one ounce Vinegar of Water-Germander six drams Spirit of Roses one scruple Mace Lign-aloes Rinds of the Citron of each half a dram Saffron half a scruple Camphire six grains Mingle them and make an Epithem which must be applied unto the Region of the Heart for its defence and preservation In a Gangrene likewise for the most part the sound part ought to be fenced and guarded and we must be alwaies doing our endeavor that the said part receive none of the putridness And for this end the above mentioned Defensives of Bole-armenick and Terra sigillata must be administred unto which by reason of the malignity Water Germander may be added and mingled therewith As Take Bole-armenick one ounce Terra sigillata half an ounce Harts-horn burnt and prepared one dram Camphire half a dram Wax six drams Oyl of Roses four ounces Rose Vinegar one ounce the juyce of Water Germander half an ounce the white of one Egg mingle them and make an Vnguent As Take Bole-armenick and Terra sigillata or sealed Earth of Lemnos of each half an ounce Mingle them with Vinegar of Water Germander Gulielmus Fabricius frequently made use of this that followeth Take Barley meal four ounces Bolearmenick two drams Galls Cypress Nuts Pomegranate rinds of each one dram and half with a sufficient quantity of Oxymel simplex make a Cataplasm A Gangrene from overmuch cooling But now that we may come unto the more special Cure we will in the first place declare unto you in what manner the Gangrene that hath its originall from an overgreat cooling ought to he Cured But now that it may be wel known how and in what manner al those are to be dealt withal that have been over cooled whether it be so that the Gangrene be already present and in being or that it be only neer at hand we wil from the very begiâ—â—ing briefly pursue and declare the truth of the thing The Cure of such as are over-cooled If therefore there be any one over cooled yet notwithstanding that as yet there is no Gangrene present neither is the part as yet become wan pale and cold but that there is rather a redness in the part together with a vehement and burning pain then in this case the man is not instantly to be moved neer unto the Fire but he is rather to be placed somewhat more remote from it that so by degrees the heat may recover and recollect it self But if it be so that the part be not altogether stiff and stifled with cold so that there be no longer any blood left therein then it is forthwith to be welchafed and rubbed with Snow or the overcooled members are likewise to be throughly washed with cold water upon which they wil begin by little and little to wax warm and to recover their former heat Which the Inhabitants of the Northern Climates have much in use who are wont when any Travellers are overcold stiff and almost dead therewith first of all to plunge them deep into cold water and before ever they give them any entertainment to wash and rub their Hands Feet Noses and other Members with Snow And that from the inward parts the heat may the more strongly diffuse it self unto the external parts and that all the cold may be expelled it wil be requisite to administer suppings made of Wine and to drink Wine and Treacle mingled together The aforesaid People of the Seprentrional Regions use to give their Guests when they are almost dead with cold Hydromel with the Pouder of Cinamom Cloves and Ginger and the like Spices after which they put them to bed and cause them there to Sweat For which purpose there be some that outwardly apply likewise unto the body Flagons or Stone Pots ful of hot water Afterward when the pain and the coldness are something mitigated gentle rubbings with the hands anoynted with the Oyl of Camomile sweet Almonds and Dil are to be administred and the parts are to be fomented with sweet Milk in the which there may also be boyled the Leaves and Berries of the Lawrel Rosemary Camomile Sage Organy French Lavender and the like The Decoction of Rape roots is likewise singularly useful and commonly unto those members that are pained with overcoldness they use to apply the Decoction of Rape roots that have been first frozen with cold After this we must betake our selves unto those things that are hotter such as the Oyl of Lilies of Turpentine of Wax Nettle seed Cresses But if there be not only a fear of a Gangrene but that there also be one already present and that the Member already begin to die we must then use our utmost endeavor that the heat may be preserved in the part and that from other parts it may be again called back unto it and therefore here is little or no benefit to be expected from Defensives but Scarifications are rather to be administred and the parts to be fomented with those hot Medicaments that were but even now mentioned unto which we may add Scabious water Germander the Root of Asclepias or Swallow-wort and the like Unto the parts there may be administred Treacle Mithridate Trochisques of the Viper the Ley in which Water Germander hath been boyled and Treacle Waters Secondly A Gangrene from the afflux of Malignant humors If the Gangrene hath its original from the afflux of Malignant humors or a malignant quality then by appointing a Cooling and drying Diet and by administring of Meats sauced and seasoned with Citrons Lemmons and Pomegranates and
Mindererus Take Turpentine of Cyprus oyl of St. Johns wort of each as much as you think good let them be melted together melt likewise by it self of Gum Elemi a sufficient quantity unto a Just consistence and let it be added unto the rest When they are almost cold add a little of the destilled oyl of Wax and Mingle them Henricus ab Heer in his Physical observations Observat 10. highly commendeth this Balsam Take the flowers of Thapsus or scorching fenel The Balsam of Henricus ab Heer for Wounds and Ulcers St. Johns Wort the leaves of Prunella or Selfheal of each one handful boyl them in the oyl of the seed of St. Johns wort pressed forth and old red Wine of each alike untill the wine be altogether consumed that is untill that a drop of the liquor cast into the fire take the flame without any noyse at all and so keep it for use If you please you may often macerate the same flowers and after you have set them in the Sun for fourty daies or kept them hot upon the fire you may again press forth the liquor which the oftener that you do it the more efficacious you shall find the oyl add if you think fit the Stone called Calaminaris made hot and quenched first seven times in wine and then making it red hot quench it in this oyl And yet notwithstanding in the use of Balsams especially if they be hot there is great caution required as Guilhelm Fabricius likewise acquaints us in his third cent observat 97. not only because that the lips of the wound being over soon conglutinated the Pus that is afterward generated is kept within and so exciteth grievous symptoms but likewise because that those kind of Balsams are not alike and equally convenient for the temperament of all the parts Emplasters The Emplaster of Franciscus Arcaeus is of singular use As Take Oyl of Roses of Violets and of Camomile of each one ounce the soft fat of a Hen the marrow of leggs of Veal of each half an ounce Earthworms washed in Wine one ounce New fresh butter six drams the Mucillage of Marshmallows half a pound Boyl them all unto the consumption of the mucillage and then strain them unto the straining add Litharge two ounces and half vermilion three ounces with a sufficient quantity of white wax make a Cerote adding of Turpentine ten drams Mastick half an ounce or Take the new drawn Juice of Betony Agrimony Sanicle Ladies Mantle Saracen consound of each half an ounce White wax and Goats sewet of each half a pound the best Rosin one pound boyl them and in the end add Mastick one ounce and make an Emplaster or Take Wax Rosin Pitch Vitriol White Frankincense of each four ounces Turpentine six ounces red Myrrh oyl of Juniper and oyl of Eggs of each two drams Camphire one dram and half make an Emplaster adding oyl of Roses as much as wil suffice or Take New Wax and Rosin of each one pound Goats sewet Hoggs fat of each three ounces Turpentine two ounces Vinegar three ounces and make an Emplaster or Take Litharge of Silver oyl of Roses of each half a pound Mucilage of Linseed and of Orace Roots of each two ounces Boyl them unto a Just Consistence and afterwards add Frankincense and Mastick of each one ounce Wax and Turpentine of each two ounces and so make an Emplaster or Take Wax three ounces Rosin and Pitch of each two ounces of White Frankincense Vitriol Ceruss of each four ounces oyl of Juniper berries oyl of Eggs of each two ounces Champhire a dram and half Turpentine half a pound Make an Emplaster The following Emplasters are chiefly useful for Prickings Take Oyl Olive two ounces Rosin Bears fat Goats sewet and Bulls Sewet of each one ounce and half the fat of a Cow-heel three ounces and half May butter six ounces Litharge of Silver one pound the scales of Brass one ounce and half Mastick one ounce New wax or the oyl of the same four ounces and make an Emplaster according to art Raimundus Mindererus likewise most highly commendeth his own Emplaster which he calleth Emplastrum opoteldoch magnum Colcotharnum the description wherof as we find it extant in his Tract of Calcanthum Chapt. 7. is as followeth of which he writeth that it is the best of al that are known for the healing of new wounds and the drawing forth of things extraneous that are fixed in the wound and so likewise in stinking and putrid ulcers Viz. Take of the newest and Cleanest Wax one pound Cleer Turpentine or if you had rather Cyprus or Venice Turpentine six ounces Gum Elemi three ounces oyl of St. Johns wort oyl of Myrrh of each one ounce and half let them melt all together and as so soon as they begin to run abroad add unto them these things following of the purest and cleanest Gum Ammoniack Galbanum Opopanax of each three drams Colophony six drams Choice Mummy white and transparent Amber of each two drams White Frankincense Mastick purified Dragons Blood Sarcocol purged from its excrements of each one dram and half Aloes Hepatick half a dram Myrrh one dram let the Gums be dissolved in vinegar and let them be joyned together in a fit manner and according to art stirring them ever and anon and when they appear to be almost cold then by degrees warily cast in of the Loadstone prepared six drams Crocus Martis according to art prepared without a corrosive and Tutty prepared of each one ounce Lapis Calaminaris prepared five ounces Litharage of Gold one ounce Colcothar sweetened or the Earth of Vitriol mortifyed and dulcified two ounces let them be according to art reduced into an Emplaster which when it is cold wil grow to be very hard The use thereof is thus It is over live coals to be tampered with the fingers until it become soft and then apart of it is to be spread abroad like a Cake and with it the wound is to be covered al over and dayly let it be twice again wiped and made clean and Malaxed and so again let it be put upon the Wound and thus with one smal part thereof more wounds then one may be healed And then in the Conclusion the wound is to be shut up with a Cicatrice but in what manner the sayd Cicatrice is to be brought over the Wound we have shewn you before Epuloticks in the second part about the end thereof and Certain Playsters likewise made of those things that we but even now mentioned may also bring a Cicatrice over the Wound when they have first throughly healed the same Very useful also are those Emplasters that are commended by Franciscus Arcaeus in his second Book and fifth Chapter to wit the Leonine Emplaster and the black The Leonine is thus described Take Ceruss three ounces oyl of Roses half a pound the Basilique Unguent one ounce let them boyl together over a gentle fire stirring them all the while with
as it were continually boyling up and over violent motions of the Body as likewise of an Artery if it be not wholly cut in sunder the motion thereof the declining and downward Scituation of the member and the like and hitherto also may be referred the pain and heat in the part which attracteth the Blood and in this case that that violently and impetuously rusheth unto the wounded part is to be turned another way And first of all therefore that the orifice of the Wound may be closed and shut up we ought to use the utmost of our endeavour that this may be done Now this is to be effected two waies either by the Joyning together of the Lips of the wounded Vessels or by the stopping of the orifice of the Wound The Lips of the Wound may be joyned together either by pressing together with the Fingers the orifice of the Wound so long until the Blood be clotted so that the thick and clotted Blood may it self obstruct and stop the orifice of the Vessel that so the Mouth and Lips of the Vessel may touch and close together or else the orifices are to be drawn close together by Swathes But now it is very rare that we may keep our Finger upon the orifice of the Wound until the Blood be clotted so as to stop and obstruct the said orifice neither hath this any place in the wounded Arteries since that the Arterial blood by reason of its thinness and heat and the motion of the Artery doth not easily if at al Clod in the orifice of the wound Neither also may the Veins if they lie deep be easily drawn and kept close together by Swathes neither yet may their orifices be pressed together with the Fingers And therefore the safest Course is that we do the best we can that so the orifice of the Vessel pouring forth blood may be stopt And this that it may be done artificially let the orifice of the Wound be shut up and closed with the Finger as much as possibly it may be done but if it be so that the orifice it self of the Vessel cannot be reached unto by the Fingers then that branch of the Vein that poureth forth the Blood there in that place whereby it rendeth to the Wound is first of all in the place neerest unto the Wound to be pressed very hard together with the finger and the Wound to be cleansed from al humidity and then after this there is immediatly a Medicament that will stop and stanch the Blood to be imposed Which that it may be rightly and duly performed the wound is not only to be loaden and rashly oppressed a thing wherein I have seen many Chirurgeons greatly to offend with too many astringent Medicaments but we ought to use the best of our endeavor that the very orifice of the wound be instantly and that very close and strictly shut up For unless this be done albeit there be never so many of these kind of Medicaments imposed yet nevertheless if the orifice of the vessel be not close shut up and obstructed the blood wil by it break forth and so make void all the labor and pains the Chirurgeons have been at and all the former provision be it never so great that they have made Now for the stopping and stanching of the blood in this manner there is hardly any thing to be named that wil more conveniently do it as daily experience testifieth then that kind of Mushrom dryed they commonly call it Crepitus Lupi or Woolfs fart that usually groweth and is to be found up and down in Vineyards For it being of a nature most dry as it will no way admit of the flowing forth of the blood which those Medicaments do that are naturally moyst and therefore they are but little or nothing useful for the stanching of the blood so it will ikewise cause that it subsist and stick fast in the vessel But now this is most especially useful and beneficial if it be first with a thread tyed together and a weight layed thereon or else pressed down and kept close together with a press wrung down hard upon it For so when it comes afterward to be imposed upon the wound it again dilateth it self and so stoppeth up the orifice of the wound What Medicaments they are that stanch the Blood But if it be so that you are not minded to confide in this one only remedy then those powders that are known to be Astringent ought first to be strewed and sprinkled upon the wound Galen above all other Medicaments for the stanching of the blood commendeth this that followeth and in the fifth book of his Method and Chapt. 4. he writeth that it is absolutly the best of all that he knew and that he should much wonder if it should be any ones chance to find out a better It is as followeth Take Frankincense one part Aloes one part and half Make a powder and of this powder mingle a sufficient quantity with the white of an Egge to the consistence of hony Make up this mixture in those soft hayrs or flix of a hare and so lay it upon the vessel and the whol wound And afterwards in a fit and convenient manner bind up the wound with a swath and then at length open and unbind it again on the third day While this Medicament yet sticketh unto the wound put yet another upon it but if the former liniment begin of its own accord to fall off then with the singer gently pressing down the root of the vessel to wit that nothing may flow forth of it take away that with a careful hand and put on the other For so long as the Medicament shall be softened by the blood the fluxion cannot be said to be wel and sufficiently stopt See Galen in the place before alleadged There are nevertheless other ponders that are likewise very useful As. Take Bolearmenick Dragons blâ—od Frankincense Aloes Succotrine of each alike equal parts and make a powder Guilhelm Fabricius commendeth this following as having often made use of it with very good success Take of the finest wheaten meal three ounces Dragons blood and Frankincense of each half an ounce Oriental Bole and sealed earth of each two drams Parget six dâ—ams water frogs prepared one ounce Moss of a mans skul half an ounce the soft flix of the hare cut very smal one dram the powder of the whites of Eggs carefully dryed in the Sun the froth of the Sea dried likewise in the Sun a new spunge tosted and torrefyed at the fire of each half an ounce Mingle them and make a very smal and fine powder or Take Moss of the wild sloe tree the root of the nettle and of the herb Dragon of each half an ounce Make a powder and strew it upon the wound or Take Vitriol powdered as much at wil suffice put it into a little linen cloth and lay it upon the wound or Take Aloes Frankincense the finest wheat flower
the Physitian endeavour that there may be a sufficient supply of a matter fit for the breeding of the Callus Unto which end the Food administred unto the Patient let it be somwhat more plentifully given then formerly and let it be of a good and somwhat a Tenacious Juyce such as proceeds from Rice Wheat and the like But because that before the twelfth day there is scarcely ever any Callus generated or that so much as beginneth to breed and moreover that at first there are many Symptoms to be feared therefore this ful Dyet is not presently to be allowed of in the very beginning but a more sparing Dyet is to be observed yea and if need require blood is to be drawn forth by opening a Vein or purgation to be ordered unto the Patient and then after this in the end as we said before when the Callus beginneth to be generated a more ful Dyet is to be allowed him And there are wont likewise some Medicaments to be administred inwardly which conduce much unto the more speedy generating and producing of the Callus as the Pouder and Juyce of Agrimony Roots And very many there are that commend most highly the Osteocolla stone before spoken of of which beaten smal into a pouder they oftentimes give one dram with Comfrey Water But in such as are young and those that are of a good habit this Callus groweth and increaseth too much by this ful Dyet wherefore it is not to be allowed unto them without much caution but only unto such as are more stricken in yeers Touching which thing as also touching the use of Meats viscid and tenacious which most Physitians conceive are to be appointed in Fractures you may read Guilhelm Fabricius in his 1. Century Observat 90. 91. and 92. There may likewise be Decoctions prepared of the Roots of Consound both the greater and the less Dragon-wort Agrimony and Primeroses As Take Roots of Consound and Dragon wort of each one ounce Storks bill one handful Savine half a handful Mace half an ounce Zedoary and Galangal of each two drams boyl them in Wine in a double vessel and let the Patient drink twice a day of the straining The same Fabricius in his 3. Centur. and 90. Observat makes use of this Medicament Take the Ossifrage Stone carefully prepared one ounce Choice Cinamom three drams Sugar two ounces Mingle and beat them into a very fine pouder give two drams hereof in Flesh broth every day in the morning And for external Remedies he commendeth such as these Take Oyl of Earth-worms two ounces Grains of Juniper two drams the Juyce of Earth worms one ounce Mingle them and make a Liniment with which anoint the Fracture Or Take Vigo's Emplaster for broken bones two ounces Oxycroceum half an ounce the Osteocolla stone prepared one ounce and half Earth worms prepared and poudered one ounce with as much of the Oyl of Earth worms as will suffice make an Emplaster and lay it upon the place affected When the Callus that is bred is come unto its Just magnitude it is then to be confirmed by Medicaments that Corroborate and therefore such an Emplaster as this is to be laid on Take Oyl of Roses two ounces Wax three ounces and half the Pouder of Rosin three ounces Colophony Mastick Frankincense of each half an ounce Cypress Nuts and the Root of Madder of each one dram Saffron half a dram Mingle them and make a Ceroteâ— which may be spread upon a Linen Cloth or a piece of Leather and so applied The Diet. And as for matter of Dyet there ought to be likewise a good and an exact Course such as before we told you of in Wounds For if Nature be not offended either by the quantity or the quality of the Food she will then more rightly discharge her Office and part in the generating of the Callus And indeed some there are who appoint Meats viscid and clammy of the Feet Heads and intestines of some of the Creatures But we may well fear lest that from such like Meats as these there may be bred a thick and viscous Chile that may afterwards breed obstructions in the Liver and the Veins and may infect the whole Mass of Blood like as Guilhel Fabricius gives us an instance of this very thing in his first Cent. and 92. Observation in a certain person a man fourty yeers old who by the use of such kind of meats fell first into a Cachexy and soon after into a Dropsie and of this Dropsie he died And we have sufficiently found by experience that many sick persons in this Case have without the use of any such Food been perfectly recovered Chap. 2. Of a Fracture with a Wound THe main and chief Difference of a Fracture and that which very much varieth the Cure is a Fracture with a Wound Now this happeneth when the sharp Eminencies or points of the broken bones do perforate the flesh that lieth upon them Which whensoever it happeneth the Member is made shorter then it was before but when the naked and bare bones are restored again unto their proper places the Member then returneth unto its pristine Longitude And yet nevertheless somtimes these like fractures happen by some cutting Weapon when by it not only the flesh but even the very bone it self is Cut. But now in these Fractures with a Wound the bone is somtimes made naked and somtimes again it is not left altogether bare and moreover somtimes also we fear the falling out of the bone or some Fragment thereof but then somtimes again we fear no such thing Prognosticks 1. But now such like Fractures are yet far more dangerous if they happen to be with the Flesh and Skin lying over it remaining stil whole and sound For that perforation exciteth a pain and an Inflammation of the Skin and Flesh and so the Muscles that are now affected with this Inflammation are forced to suffer a double extension one that is caused by the Inflammation the other that which happeneth unto them from these things that befal them while they are returning unto their former length 2. But now this danger is so much the greater by how much the parts that are broken and shattered are more noble and principal as the Muscles Nerves Veins and Arteries 3. And from hence it is that a Fracture in the Thigh and Shoulders with a Wound and the falling out of a bone is the most dangerous of all touching which Hippocrates thus in his third B. of Fractures Text 47. But they seldom or never escape saith he whose bones either of the Arm or Thigh have fallen outwardly for as these bones are very great and very ful of Marrow so likewise there are besides these many other things wounded that are of very great moment to wit the Nerves Muscles and Veins whereupon also it is that if you put them back Convulsions are wont to be excited but then again if you do not put them back into their
provoked and stirred up both for the repairing of the clour and the pouring in of blood And to tel you the truth in what place soever there is such an effusion of Blood it may in general be called Ecchymosis yet notwithstanding Paulus Aegineta in his fourth Book Chap. 30 according to the diversity of the parts affected reckoneth up three kinds or species all which may be called by their several distinct and peculiar names The first is those which we call Hypopia and by Hippocrates named Hypophthalmia that is Subocularia to wit palenesses or wannesses under the Eyes Now it is termed Hypopion from Ops that is the Eye because it appeareth under the Eyes and it is an Affect differing from that we call Hypopyon the difference lying in this that the former is written by ω and ι the latter by ο and Ï… from Pus which the Greeks call Pyon because it is a collection of Pus or purulent matter under the Cornea Tunicle The second Species is Hyposphagma which some in special term Suggillatio to wit an effusion of blood into the Adnata or Cornea both of them Tunicles of the Eye touching which we have already spoken in the first Book of our Practice Part 1. Sect. 2. Chap. 32. The third Species is that which is caused by the Contusion or bruising of the Nails this Species Hippocrates calleth Hyponychos and the Latine Authors term it Subungulus in regard that it is an Affect under the Nails Contusion Somtimes with Ecchymosis there is likewise conjoyned a Contusion yea and somtimes also there is so great an abundance of Blood poured forth that it being collected under the Skin and the Muscles it there causeth a certain hollowness and lifteth up the part into a Tumor or Swelling There is also somtimes according to the Nature of the part conjoyned therewith a pain from whence it happeneth that more blood floweth thereto and by this means an Inflammation yea and sometimes likewise at the length a Gangrene is excited There is to bâ—â—â— a notable History of this in Johannes Philippus Ingrassias in his Jatropologia When in the yeer 1537. in an Hippomachie or Tilting as we call it the Marquess of Terra Nova ran with the Baron of Volaterran it so chanced that the armed Knee of the Marquess by reason of the Fury and extraordinary fierceness of their Horses gave so great a blow upon the bare and unarmed Leg of the Baron that the Contusion or bruise that followed thereupon was so great and grievous that the Baron died thereof four daies after By reason of this his so sudden and unexpected death the Physitians were question'd and called to an account for that they had not rightly and as was fitting managed the Cure In whose behalf and defence Johannes Philippus Ingrassias wrote those two Books of Apology under the name and Title of Jatropologia There is likewise extant in Gulielmus Fabricius Cent. 2. Observat 83. another History which you may there see shewing how dangerous Contusions may be The Signs Suffusions and these Suggillations are easily known For the very colour it self and the Swelling if at least there be any fal under the sense and are apparently to be seen The Causes are known by those things that went before and such as are likewise present For if any external Cause went before as a Blow a Fall and the like the Physitian may understand it from the relation of the Patient But if none of these shall happen we are then to consider the Blood in the Body and well to weigh by what means it becometh thus peccant and offensive Prognosticks 1. Although in truth these Ecchymomata are for the most part void of all danger and the blood that is yet thin may easily be dispersed yet if this be not done and that the blood be deteined any thing long in the part affected out of its own Vessels it then may prove to be of dangerous Consequence in regard that by this means there may be excited both a Corruption of that very part that is affected and likewise a damage and detriment unto the whol Body For the Blood being clotted together unless it be forthwith insensibly discussed or turned into Pus which is necessarily done where the Flesh is withall greatly bruised so that hence the part yet continueth soft it putrefieth and corrupteth and breedeth a Gangrene and very frequently bringeth Death and Destruction upon the sick Person 2. But there is great danger threatned and nigh at hand when the part affected continueth not any longer green or wan but inflamed and becometh very red hard and distended Of which we related that former notable History out of Ingrassias The Cure As for what therefore concerneth the Cure we wil first of all treat of the Cure of that Ecchymoma that followeth upon a Contusion For even this also very often happeneth and whoever he be that knoweth the Cure of this he shal have a sufficient store of Medicaments with which he may cure the rest since that the discussing Medicaments that are here to be drunk have their place likewise in the other First of al therefore if the contusion be great we must use the best of our â—kil and care to prevent and hinder the afflux of blood unto the place lest that thereby an Inflammation should be excited This is to be done by Venesection for which cause Galen commands That in a fal from on high and in beatings and bruisings a vein be opened and that although the blood doth not greatly abound yet that by opening a Vein it be drawn forth lest that an Inflammation should be excited from whence not only evil symptoms but oftentimes also even death it self hath its original And the truth is this Venesection is forthwith to be ordained and put in practise withal at the same time Defensives and Repellers are likewise to be placed neer about the part that may impede and prevent the influx of blood into the part affected such as are made up of Bole-armenick Terra sigillata or Sealed Earth of Lemnos Dragons blood Roses Myrtles the Nuts of the Cypress Tree Galls Pomegranate flowers Roots of the lesser Consound and the like As for instance Take Bole armenick Terra sigillat of each an ounce and half Chalk half an ounce let them boyl in Vinegar after they be boyled Take Pouder of red Roses the pure sine flour of the Root Consolida or Consound of each half an ounce and with the Oyl of Myrtles make a Cataplasm Or only which is likewise in common use the white of an Egg shaken together with Rose water and with burds or the courser part of flax applied unto the place affected Or Take the white of four Eggs the Oyl of Myrtle and Roses of each one ounce Bole armenick Dragons blood of each half an ounce Cypress Nut two drams a little Vinegar Mingle them c. And this is also here to be taken notice of that there be not many
the Head as oftentimes before we have told you And I am the rather likewise perswaded hereunto even by this that in Wounds especially of the Joynts where dangerous Symptoms appear to be neer at Hand our more skilful Chirurgeons do not content themselves only with Unguents and Emplasters but upon those also they impose Cataplasms with very happy success the which in regard they do not reach unto the Wound it self they cannot therefore throughly dry up the Excrements that are therein but they only cherish and preserve the Temperament and Native heat of the part And I have oftentimes seen in Wounds of the Nerves in which by Reason of the weakned Temperament of the part there hath been an afflux of Humors and in which by reason of the imperfect Concoction of the Aliment thereunto flowing great abundance of Excrements have been stored up the German Chirurgeons cal them das Glied Vvasser that by the use of such Cataplasms the Wound hath been reduced unto a better State and hath no longer voided forth so great an abundance of Excrements Now those Cataplasms are prepared and made up of the Roots of Marsh-Mallows the Meal of Lin-seed Fenugreek Beans the powder of the flowers of Camomile Melilote Betony and the like And yet notwithstanding from this that we have said to wit that the main and chief scope of Vulnerary Medicaments is to preserve and strengthen the Native heat of the part it doth no waies follow that by one Medicament the Wounds of all parts may be healed But like as Galen in regard of the dryness which chiefly belongeth thereto according to the various Temperament of the various parts administreth various and different drying Medicaments so likewise according to the variety of the Temperament the temper and heat of each singular part requireth divers Medicaments so indeed that what is fit and proper for one part may be hurtful unto another and that which is proper and useful for a fleshy part may bring much damage unto a Nervous part For the fleshy parts are endued with much heat and therefore albeit those things they are Cherished with be not so very hot yet nevertheless they have strength enough But as for those parts that are bloodless their heat is much weaker and therefore they are to be cherished with such things as are more hot and then more especially when they are much weakened with a wound Yea it may so happen that although in their first Qualities some Medicaments may seem alike yet notwithstanding in regard of their substance by reason of which some of them do sooner lose their strength and virtue and others preserve it a longer time they may much differ Yea they may differ in their whole substance and hidden property Now that an instance may be given of such Medicaments Galen assureth us in his Composition of Medicaments according to the place affected and 1 Chap. where he inveigheth against such as deny that there are such Medicaments But a Reason cannot easily be rendered for such Medicaments only experience teacheth us that some of them are more useful and efficacious in the curing of wounds then other and especially in the Wounds of these or those parts although that in their first Qualities they differ but very little In the mean time I am of Opinion that the manifest Qualities in such Medicaments that work at once from their whole substance are not altogether idle and useless but that they are singularly useful for the drying up of that excessive humidity that is in the Wound And as there are Medicaments which in the propriety of their whol substance are accommodated unto certain Particular parts as some to the Liver others to the Brain and a third sort unto the Lungs so likewise it is not absurd to say that there are some Vulnerary Medicaments that are peculiarly designed unto certain parts some to the flesh others to the Nerves and a third sort to the Brain c. And most certain it is as experience also makes it manifest that Gum Elemi is singularly useful in Wounds of all the Nervous parts as also for the Brain and Betony for the head so that it is a thing of much concernment that in the administring of vulnerary medicaments we make a due and fit choice and not only so but the Nature of the sick person is likewise seriously to be weighed since that even experience tells us that in wounds some certain Medicaments are more useful for some Natures and again that some other are hurtful And this indeed is chiefly to be discovered by experience if not only by experience and what Galen in his third Book of the Meth. of Physick Chap. 8. writeth touching exsicating Medicaments the same is also true concerning all Vulnerary Medicaments to wit that due respect is to be had unto the excrements and the state of the Wound For if there be but few excrements generated in the Wound and that the Wound be otherwise in a good condition this is an evident sign and token of the excellency and usefulness of the Medicament therunto applyed whereas on the other side if there be many excrements heaped up in the Wound it is an evidence that the Medicament administred was unfit and improper In the mean time neither are the manifest qualities to be neglected but I conceive that of them likewise we are to make a due and fit choice according to the temperament of the whol body and the part affected in particular Neither are we in this to neglect but carefully to heed the constitution of the Air but in the hotter seasons the medicaments may be the cooler and the cooler the season the hotter ought the medicaments to be that we make use of Now the vulnerary Medicaments both Sarcotick Vulnerary Medicaments and Agglutinating are provided and made of the Roots of the greater Consound Bistort Tormentil the leaves of Ladies Mantle Shepherds pouch Golden rod Balsam apple veâ—â—in Speedwel St. Johns Wort Millefoil Sanicle Hors-tayl Elm Plantaine Betony Cypress Mouseare the flowers of Red Roses St. Johns Wort Pomgranates Cypress Nuts Frankincense Aloes Mastick the tears or sweat of the fir tree Rosin Turpentine Rosin of the pine and of the Larch tree dry Pitch the liquor of the smal leaves of the Elm tree Gum Elemy Gum Junip Gum Hederae Tragacanth Tacamahaca the Gum Caranna Sarcocol Dragons Blood Sealed Earth Bole Armenick the Rinds of the Frankincense Tree the stone Hematiâ—es and Coralls Of which there are made divers compositions Liniments unguents The Chiefest of these Liniments is that of Francisc Arcaeus viz. Take Clear Turpentine and Gum Elemi Liniments and Unguents of each one ounce and half the fat of a Gelt two ounces Old Hogs Grease one ounce let them melt at the fire and make a Liniment Or Take Rosin Wax Turpentine Oyl of Roses of each two ounces Frankincense Mastick Myrrh of each two drams Make an Vnguent Or. Take Turpentine two ounces White Rosin Olibanum Colophony of
pain there be perceived a certain heat in the Wound Prognosticks Now these extraordinary and over vehement pains in Wounds are wont to be the Causes of grievous Evils For besides that they cause a restlesness and want of sleep and deject the stength of the sick person they are likewise the Causes of the afflux of Humors unto the wounded part whereupon Inflammations a Feaver somtimes also the Gangrene are excited and brought upon the party Touching which Galen also very frequently giveth us notice There is nothing saith he that more increaseth the Phlegmone then pain as he writeth in his 5. B of the Meth. of Curing and 4. Chapt. and in the 3. B. of his Method Chapt. 2. and 6. By reason of pains saith he the parts aâ—e troubled with and lie under fluxious And in the 13. of his Method Chapt. 5. Pain and the heat of the member in which the Erysipelas resideth although the whole Body be pure and free from Excrements become the Causes of a Fluxion That therefore the pain may be taken away we are to make diligent enquiry and finde out whether this pain proceed from any Errour and fault in the sick person or else from the Carelesness of the Chirurgeon and if any such Cause shall be discovered it is to be removed before any thing else be done But if no such Cause shall appear but only that somthing extraneous sticketh in the Wound this is without any delay to be drawn forth If the pain proceed from the abundant store of the Pus retained and kept in then a free and open passage is to be made for it that so it may freely flow forth But if it proceed from the overgreat Afflux of the humors like as it is wont to be in an Inflammation then we are to make use of those Medicaments that restrain the immoderatâ— excessive afflux of the humors as also we are to administer Medicaments both rarifying and Anodyne And very useful here is the Oyl of Roses with the white of an Egge and the yelk of an Egge according as the Case shal require and in which Earth worms have been boyled as likewise the Oyl of Camomile of Linseed of sweet Almonds of Earth worms and of Elder A Cataplasm of the Leaves of Mallows the Roots of Marshmallows Barly meal Bean Meal and bran But if the pain be greater then ordinary we may then make use of the Oyl of Poppy and of Water-Lilye as likewise of the Cataplasm that is made of the Leaves or Root of Nightshade and Hoggs grease As for Example Take Oyl of sweet Almonds Oyl of Roses and of Camomil of each one ounce the yelk of one Egg and Saffron half a scruple Mingle them c. or Take Root of Marshmallows half an ounce Mallow Leaves one handful Elder flowers two pugills boyl them all unto a softness and then pass them thorow a hayre sâ—eve adding unto them the powder of Camomile flowers half an ounce Barley Meal one ounce Bean Meal and the Meal of Linseed of each half an ounce Make a Cataplasm hereof Vnto which if you please there may be added the Oyl of Roses of Camomile of white Lilyes of Mastick and the Vnguent Dialthaea If the pain be not asswaged by all these Medicaments it is a sign that some Nerve is greatly hurt And so then the cure ought in all respects to be carryed on as that we mentioned above in the 15. Chapter touching the wounds of the Nerves Of Convulsions and Convulsion Fits There happeneth likewise now and then a very grievous and dangerous symptom unto Wounds to wit a Convulsion or Convulsion Fits the Latines term them Convulsive motions touching which symptom many are wont to treat at large touching Wounds But in regard time we have already in the first Book of our Practise Part. 2. Chapt. 20. spoken enough of a Convulsion in general we shall here only set before you those things that are proper unto that Convulsion which is wont to follow up on Wounds Causes As for the Causeâ— of the Convulsion Convulsions are caused in Wounds either from a pricking of the Nerves and then extreme vehement pain or else from some sharp and Malignant either humor or or vapour pulling and swinging some Nervous part or the Membranes of the Brain for the expulsion of which when Nature beginneth to best â— her self the then exâ—â—â—th this Contraction and Convulsive Motions Touching which Hippocrates in his 〈◊〉 Aphorism of the fifth Sect. thus writeth Those saith he that together with their Wounds have conspicuous Tumors their are not greatly troubled with Convulsion fits but they are taken with a kind of Madness But these tumors suddenly vanishing if this indeed happen on the hinder part then Convulsions and Cramps follow thereupon And Galen in Art Mâ—dica Chap. â—â— saith that the pricking of a Nerve and Tendon by reason of the vehemency of the sense and because this part is knit together with the principium that is the Brain it is therefore very apt to excite and cause a Convulsion of the nerves and then especially when nothing breatheth forth outwardly the wound of the skin being closed and shut up And indeed the matter exciting a Convulsion doth it sometimes only by its Atrimony and somtimes also by its malignity like as we see the very same to happen in Wounds and strokes and bitings of venemous Creatures Prognostick Now these Convulsions or Convulsive Motions are very dangerous in wounds touching which Hippocrates Sect. 5. Aphor. 2. sayth thus The Convulsion that followeth upon a Wound is Mortal and in the 5. Sect. Aphor. 3. The Convulsion that followeth upon an extraordinary Flux of the blood or a sighing and sobbing upon the same occasion is very evil and dangerous Cure But now as for the manner and method of Curing these Convulsions we have shewed it unto you in our 1 B. Part. 2. Chapt. 28 and there you may see enough hereof And therefore here in this place we shall only give you notice of these things following First of al that in Convulsions and Convulsive Motions that happen unto Wounds whether it be of themselves or by Consent with some other part how and in what manner soever it be we ought to have a special regard unto the Brain spinal Marrow and the Nerves that proceed from these and thereupon we are to anoynt the Neck both before and behind and the whole spinal Marrow with Convenient Medicaments such as we have already mentioned in the place alleadged Caesar Magatus in his first B. Chap. 77. Commendeth this following Take Oyl of Bays of Juniper Wood of Juniper Berryes Mans Fat and Oyl of Earth Worms of each four ounces Oyl of Rosemary flowers Lavender flowers and Sage flowers of each two ounces Oyl of Peter and of Turpentine of each half a pound Oyl of Tile and the oyl of Been of each three ounces and an half Myrrh Frankincense Ladanum Benzoin and Gum Juniper of each three ounces Oyl of Cinamom
its proper place and that there be no Contusion of the parts incumbent and lying neer then some gentle Medicament that is fit and Convenient for a fracture and inflammations is to be layd on of Frankincense sine flour Bole Armenick the White of an Egge and the like But if the broken Ribb stick forth outwardly it is to be pressed together with the hand and to be reduced unto its Natural situation and here also a Convenient Medicament is to be imposed But if the broken Ribb tend inwardly we must endeavor that it may be brought back into its own place And therefore we must first of all see whether by the Cough and the holding of the breath or by the help of the hands the broken Ribb may be restored again into its own place which if it succeed not then we must lay on some Emplaster that will attract and that will stick fast unto the Ribb and then this Emplaster is again with violence to be taken away that so the Ribb may be brought back again into its own place And very Convenient for this use is this Emplaster also Take The finest wheat flour two ounces Tragacanth Frankincense powdered of each five drams Missleto of the Oake to wit the Glew six drams Ichthyocolla or Fish Glue one ounce and half Whites of Eggs two ounces Rose-water as much as will suffice and mingle them Or an Emplaster made of Turpentine Rosin blackpitch Barly Meal or Beanmeal Mastick and Aloes And such like emplasters as these are often to be applyed and then to be taken off when the sick person shall breathe more freely And I my self remember likewise that some yeers since a certain Cooper having a Ribb broken and depressed in his right side by the violent recoyling of a hoop which he was bending to make a hoop for a Hogshead or tub so that he could very hardly draw his breath Coughed extremly and was not able to lift himself up straight I applyed and layd on such an Emplaster as this that we have mentioned and thereby brought back the Ribb again into its proper place Some there are indeed who endeavor the bringing back of the broken Ribbs into their places again by the applying of Cupping-glasses but Most Physitians dislike this practise there being great cause to fear lest that by this means there be more of the humor attracted and that otherwise the flesh above the Ribbs is wont to be puffed up But if any broken fragment of the Ribb prick the Membrane so that thereupon most grievous pains and other ill symptoms arise in so much that there be great cause to fear death that part wherein the Ribb is broken is to be opened with the incision knife that so we may the better come at the fragments that prick either to pluck them forth or to cut them off And if likewise there be present any contusion or bruise a vein is then to be opened lest that an Inflammation follow The Ribbs being reduced unto their own places again Nature will then indeed of her own accord generate the Callus which that we may the better assist some Emplaster that is convenient for a fracture of the bones is to be imposed among the which this that followeth is one of the chiefest Take Pouder of Myrtles and red Roses of each one ounce the Meal of Barly of the bitter vetch orobus and of Lentiles of Beans and of Mastick of each two drams Acron Cups Cypress Nuts the rinds of them Frankincense Dragons blood Earth of Lemnios Aloes and Myrrh of each two drams Oyl of Myrtle of Roses and oyl omphacine of each nine ounces Wax and cleer Turpentine of each half a pound and make an Emplaster Some there are that in the progress of the disease wet and soak the swathes in Rosemary water which as they write is a very special and effectual water in all fractures of the bones But if the flesh be moyst and flaggy then the Medicaments before propounded are to be imposed and the place is to be streyned together with swathes and other Coverings that so the flesh may again be conjoyned with the bone And if through Negligence of the Physitian or the sick person himself the Malady be now become old and inveterate and that the flesh be rendered soft and snotty so that there be cause to fear lest that the bones Gristles and Membranes may be hurt we are then to do our endeavour that the said snotty Juice may be discussed by such digesting Cataplasms as we shall anon speak of But if this may not be done the burning iron is the best Remedy and yet here we are to be very cautious that the bone be not made hot or the inward parts hurt If that which was bruised tend toward a Suppuration the Matter is then to be resolved and evacuated with a Cataplasm of Barly meale Bean meal or of the bitter vetch Orobus Camomile flowers and the like As Take Meal of Beans and Barly of each two ounces Wormwood half an ounce the pouder of Camomile flowers Melilote and Eldern of each one ounce boyl them in Spring Water and then add Oyl of Camomile and Roses of each one ounce and make a Cataplasm But if the matter cannot yet be discussed by these Medicaments all delay is to be avoided for fear lest that the bone be vitiated and therefore in that part wherein it most swelleth the part is to be opened either with the Penknife or with the hot Iron that so a free passage forth may be opened for the Pus The Dyet Let the Patients Dyet at the first be thin and very sparing and such as is required in other acute Diseases Let the sick person keep himself as quiet as he can without any Coughing or Sneezing as much as may be let him not talk much nor laugh nor Chafe See Hippocrates in his 3. B. of the Joynts Text 54. c. Galen in his Comment upon the place and Ambrose Parry in his 14. B. and 12. Chapter Chap. 18. Of the Fracture of the Spina Dorsi or Back-bone ANd somtimes it likewise so happeneth that from external and violent Causes the Spina Dorsi or Back-bone and its Vertebrae are broken Signs Diagnostick If the Spina or Back-bone be hroken then there appeareth a Cavity in that place and there is a pain and pricking felt in regard that of necessity those broken fragments of the bones must needs be very Thorny and Pricking as Celsus tels us in his 8. B. and 9. Chap. And if any process of those broken bones that stick forth be broken this is discerned by the touch because that it may be moved this way and that way And moreover if the sick person lie upon his Face the pain is so much the greater and far more then if he stand upright For there the Skin is extended and bruised with the sharp broken fragments but if the sick person stand upright the Skin is then loosened and not so much pricked by
the same end and purpose are convenient the Oyl of Roses and Myrtles the Unguent of Roses the cooling Santaline Cerecloath prescribed by Galen And this likewise that followeth is an excellent Remedy and in frequent use with Chirurgeons viz. Take the Whites of Eggs and Rosewater of each alike let these be well shaken and throughly mingled together then let Linen Clouts be wel wet and soaked therein and so laid upon the part Or Take Barley Meal which boyl in Vinegar and the juyce of Plantane and lay it upon the grieved part Galen in his second Book to Glauco Chap. 2. commends a Cataplasm of Housleek Pomegranate Rinds boyled with Wine and so made up with Sumach and Barley Meal For this Cataplasm as saith Galen is absolutely the best in such like affects and also very effectual to al those purposes we intend it for For it drives back that which flows in dries up what is therein contained and fortifies the Members scituate round about Or it may be thus compounded Take Housleek three ounces Barley Meal two ounces Pomegranate Rinds one ounce Sumach ten drams bruise what is to be bruised and then boyl them all together in Wine for a Cataplasm Galen likewise made use of the Plaister Diachalciteos dissolved with the Oyl of Roses or Myrtle This likewise is profitable Take Plantane Roses Lettice Purslane of each alike one good handful boyl them in Water unto which put a little Vinegar to mingle therewith and then add Barley meal Or Take the juyce of Housleek Plantane and Roses of each one ounce and half Barley meal one ounce Vinegar half an ounce Oyl of Roses as much as will suffice boyl them into the form of a Pultise Or Take Pomegranate rinds red Saunders of each half an ounce Bolearmoniack two ounces Barley meal one ounce Housleek one ounce and half Oyl of Roses and Myrtle of each as much as is sufficient and make a Cataplasm Where there is need of a stronger Repulsion and if the part wil admit of it those Remedies that are somewhat more forcible are to be used As Take Bolearmoniack Dragonsblood of each one dram the Root of the greater Comfrey half an ounce Barley meal two ounces make a powder which as occasion shall require is with Rose-water and the white of an Eg made into the form of a Cataplasm and so laid on Intercepters and Defensives Those things that Intercept which are also commonly called Defensives are the same with Repellers and only differ in respect of the place whereunto they are applied For drivers back are applied unto the very place inflamed but Intercepters and Defensives unto the parts and waies by which the humor flows unto the affected part that so it may be intercepted in its passage and that the way may be shut up against it that so it reach not unto the aggrieved part And indeed these are most commodiously applied to those parts that have little or no Flesh and unto those in which the Vessels do more appear and are conspicuous as in the joynts and above the joynts As for instance if the inflammation be in the Hand they are then applied unto the Wrist if betwixt the Wrist and the Elbow they are then to be applied above the Elbow if in the Shoulder to the highest part thereof if in the Foot above the Ankle-bone if in the Leg above the Knee Their Quality Now all Intercepters are cold dry of an astringent or binding faculty among which notwithstanding since there is no smal difference as erewhile was said of Repellers we ought to use the gentler sort of them in the more tender bodies where the fluxion is not great the Veins smaller and in the Winter time But those of them that are more forcible are to be made use of in stronger Bodies where the fluxion is greater the Vessels wider and in the Summer time But Medicaments that intercept are to be administred after a different manner For either the juyces as of Quinces Pomegranates Plantane Housleek the Bramule or Blackberry bush or else the decoction of Saunders Pomegranate Flowers Myrtles Sumach Roses or Rosewater Plantane Housleek or Vinegar and Oxycrates are used and linen Cloaths are wel moistened in them and then applied to the Joynts and the parts betwixt or else lastly astringents being pulverized and mingled with proper liquid Remedies are to be administred The Vulgar or common Defensive is made after this manner viz. Take Bolearmoniack Dragons Blood Lemnian or sealed Earth all the Saunders of each one ounce Oyl of Roses and Myrtle of each a sufficient quantity of Wax a smal quantity Vinegar of Roses one ounce mingle them and boyl them till the Vinegar be all consumed Yet notwithstanding the Oyls and Wax are deservedly and not without cause to be suspected in these prescriptions For by their fat unctuous or oyly substance they mollifie the parts and they likewise overheat them if they long stick upon them And therefore it wil be more safe to apply the aforesaid or such like powders mingled only with Rose water or Oxycrate and if we would have them to be somwhat more forcibly astringent mingled with the white of an Egg well beaten and shaken together For by this means they stick and cleave the more tenaciously unto the part and cause a constriction thereof As Take Bolearmoniack Dragons Blood of each an ounce Flowers of red Roses Pomegranate flowers Myrtles red Saunders Pomegranate rindes of each an ounce make a Powder hereof which afterward mingle with the white of an Egg and Rose water or Vinegar as much as wil suffice And last of all we may also in this place make use of derivation Derivation which hath respect unto the blood that hath indeed already flown in yet notwithstanding as yet is only poured forth without the Veins into the void spaces of the part but as yet fluctuats or flows to and again in the Veins Neither indeed can the blood possibly be derived which is already impacted in the part or that already begins to be concocted or to be turned into Pus or quittery matter since that it is now become more thick than formerly and consists as having taken up its abode in that place out of which it cannot easily flow back and thereupon is rendred the unfitter for motion and the more earnestly and greedily retained by Nature until it be there digested and concocted From whence wil easily appear at what time the derivation ought to be ordained and administred to wit indeed in the very beginning of the Inflammation and yet notwithstanding not instanly upon the very first onset of the Disease but toward the augmentation thereof when its beginning is now at hand to wit when by means of Revulsion and Evacuation already both prescribed and administred the blood is rendered not over abundant and that which is doth not as yet pertinaciously and fixedly adhere unto or stick in the parts but as yet continues to be fluxile
there is not somthing of malignity and therefore the malignant matter is with more safety thrust forth unto the superficies of the body by those Medicaments we term Alexipharmaca then drawn to the more inward parts by Medicaments that purge That fervent heat also of the adust blood is to be altered and the malignity to be opposed by convenient Medicaments as the juyce of Citron of Pomegranates Sorrel Borrage Bugloss Water Germander Succory and the like with which in a pestilent Carbuncle other Alexipharmaca may also be firly mingled As Take Conserve of Sorrel Borrage Bugloss of each one ounce and half the species of Diamargarit frigid Confection of Hyacynth Elect. de Gem. of each half a dram of candied Citron rind six drams the candied roots of Scorzonera or Vipers Grass half an ounce with the juyce of Citron make an Electuary Unto which in a Pestilent Carbuncle we may add Bole-armenick Terra Sigillata or sealed Earth Harts horn Bezoar stone and the like Very many there be that in a Carbuncle do much commend Scabious and they conceive that it never ought to be passed by and they write that either the Juyce or the Water or the Decoction thereof is of singular use and benefit in a Carbuncle It wil not likewise be amiss to fence and guard the Heart with Topicks by Epithems that are otherwise known applied to the Region of the Heart and the Pulses that so by all manner of means the Heart may be preserved safe and sound from all the malignity Afterward as for what concerns the conjunct cause or the Tumor it self the way and means of curing a Carbuncle is not altogether the same as in other Inflammations unless haply there appear to be in it very little of an offensive quality Neither must we make use of Repellers but the malignant and poysonous matter is rather to be attracted from the more inward unto the external parts unless perhaps they may be administred for the mitigating of the vehemency of the pain touching which more hereafter And therefore so soon as Venesection hath been administred the part affected is forthwith to be scarified and that likewise with lancings that go deep enough that so the corrupt malignant and poysonous blood which unless it be instantly emptied forth of the part affected corrupteth the parts neer adjoyning may be quite drawn forth Immediately upon this the part affected is to be cleansed and throughly washed with warm salt water or with some other convenient liquor lest that the blood should clod and so grow together in the part Now if the corrupt blood seem not as yet to be sufficiently evacuated the scarifications ought then to be repeated We are likewse allowed when the place is scarified to apply thereto Cupping-glasses or Leeches Yet notwithstanding iâ— with great violence the humor flow unto the part then Atrractives may not safely enough be administred since there is cause to fear lest that the matter flowing thereto in great abundance the pain should be made the more vehement which may possibly excite and cause watchings augment the Feaver and deject the Natural vigor but rather if the matter flow thereunto over hastily and with too great force we are then to make use of those Medicaments which by moderate repressing and driving back may likewise digest And such is the following Cataplasm Take Arnogloss we commonly term it Lambs-tongue or Way-bread Lentiles Bread that is neither wholly purged from its bran neither yet such as is altogether branny of all these a like proportion let them boyl in Water or Wine and so make a Cataplasm which is to be applied twice or thrice every day But now this said Medicament that we have mentioned or such like is not to be imposed and laid upon the very Carbuncle it self but only neer about it some three fingers distance from it For by this means the malignant matter it self is not driven back but only the extream heat and pain is mitigated the flux of matter is somwhat retarded and hereby is prevented the retreating back again of the matter unto the more inward parts But yet neither must this be passed over in silence that it is not evermore requisite to fence the Carbuncle with such a guard but notwithstanding this for the most part iâ— necessary to wit That that part which hath a neer relation with a noble Member should be wel guarded forasmuch as it is no way hurtful but indeed profitable that some of the matter should be derived and evaporated unto the other ignoble parts Moreover the place being scarified there are not to be applied those Medicaments that otherwise are wont to be laid on in regard that they promote and further the Pus or purtilent matter and by this means may encrease the putrefaction and rottenness since that a Carbuncle in putrefying evermore creepeth and spreadeth so that very often a Mortification chanceth unto such parts but rather those Medicaments that are drying and such as resist putrefaction For which end and purpose we may administer the Pastils or Pomanders of Andro Musa Polyidas and Pasio which are to be dissolved first of al in Wine and then also afterward in Vinegar touching which see Galen in his Composition of Medicaments in general the fifth Book Chap. 11 and 12. They commonly likewise make use of the Aegyptiack Unguent There may also be made a Cataplasm of the Meal of the Pulse Orobus with Oxymel Morsus Diaboli or Devils-bit is likewise very much commended if while it is yet green and wel bruised it be laid on or else boyled in Wine and drunk There be many likewise that here make use of those things that are experimentally found to be helpful by the propriety of their substance among which Scabious is especially commended as also Morsus Diaboli or Devils-bit they take to wit the Scabious whilest it is green and bruise it wel and then they add thereto the Yelk of an Egg Hogs grease that is old and a little Salt and herewith they make a Cataplasm which is often to be renewed Some likewise take the Herb Comfry for the same use and with it they prepare and make such a Medicament as this that followeth Take of the Juyce of the greater Symphytum or great Comfrey Scabious Cranes-bill or Doves-foot of each one ounce of Barley Meal two ounces and an half and mingle them for a Cataplasm Others there are who if there be present an extream heat and pain commend this Viz. Take Plantane Leaves and Sorrel Leaves of each two handfuls boyl them to a softness then let them be bruised when they are throughly bruised add to them the Yelks of four Eggs Treacle two drams Barley meal a sufficient proportion and so make a Cataplasm Many likewise there are that commend those Wallnuts that are old and Oyly being bruised of the which some make such a Cataplasm as this that followeth Take the Kernels of Walnuts such as are old and rancid or mouldy in
communicated unto the spittle and by it may as easily be imparted unto the Wound and this happeneth much the rather if so be the Man be Frantick And if there were altogether nothing of virulency in the Wound that is inflicted by the biting of one of these living creatures yet notwithstanding the very contusion it self which rendereth all wounds whatsoever the more dangerous and the more difficult to be cured maketh those wounds the more grievous For since that the teeth of the said Animals are not so sharp as a sword or some other kind of Weapon while they wound they do withal likewise bruise and cause a Confusion in the part they fasten upon Prognosticks But now how dangerous these wounds also may be that are caused by one mans biting of another Guihelm Fabricius teacheth us by three Examples and instances that he giveth thus in his 2 Century Observat 84. and 85. The first whereof is of a certain Merchant who a midst his Cups by anothers biting was wounded in the very tip of the right forefinger whose whole right hand upon the same biting became inflamed and a Gangrene soon after began to follow with Convulsions an extreme burning feaver a Syncope and continual restlesness The second instance is of a Physitian who rashly and inconsideratly putting his finger into the mouth of a Phrantick woman to the end he might feel her tongue had it bitten by this mad woman and upon this biting he became extremly afflicted with a vehement pain not only in the said finger but in the whol Arm also The last example is of a man that being by another furious and enraged person sorely bitten even unto the first Articulation of his Thumb he likewise was in stantly taken with a vehement pain al that Arm throughout and soon after there followed a feaver and a Syncope Matthias Glandorpius in Specul Observat Chirurgic Observ 49. relateth the like History of a certain person who by another mans teeth the man being much enraged was wounded in his thumb about the first Joynt from whence there arose a most extreme pain an Inflammation of the whol hand a Continual fever a restlesness of the body frequent faintings and swoundings and a very intense pain of the head And evermore the wounds are dangerous both in themselves by reason of the contusion as also because that the spittle of the furious and enraged Animals hath somwhat of malignity Joyned with it and they are so much the more dangerous if any of the Nervous parts such as are the fingers shal chance to be bitten The Cure In regard that as we have said in every wound that is inflicted by the biting of any living Creature there is present a Contusion and this somtimes greater and somtimes less according as the teeth of those Creatures are more sharp such as are the teeth of a Dog Ape and Squirrel or else less sharp as those of a Man Horse Ass c. and that from this Contusion the pain is caused therefore there ought a regard to be had both unto the Contusion and the pain And therefore in the first place the blood is carefully to be pressed and squeezed forth of the wound and opening of a vein or purgation according as need shal require is to be instituted and to prevent the greater afflux of the humors and the Malady from being communicated unto the superiour parts some Defensive of Oxycrate or some oâ— her the like is to be imposed upon the superior part but unto the Wound it self for the asswaging of its pain the promoting of the suppuration and the keeping of the Wound open such a like Medicament as this that followeth is to be applyed Take One Egge butter half an ounce Saffron one scruple Oyl of Violets and Roses of each two drams and mingle them or Take Marshmallow Roots one ounce and half the leaves of Mallows flowers of Camomile and Melilote of each half a handful Wormwood two pugils boyl them to a softness and let them be wel bruised and mashed together when they are wel bruised add unto them the yelk of one Egge oyl of Roses and Camomil of each as much wil suffice and make a Cataplasm If there be any fear that there is some kind of virulency in the Wound then we may ad Scordium as also Treacle and therefore such an unguent is to be provided Take The Basilick Vnguent and fresh butter of each half an ounce Treacle one dram oyl of Roses one ounce the yelk of one Egg and mingle them And moreover that what is bruised may be wholly converted into Pus we are to use Honey of Roses Rosin Turpentine with the yelk of an Egge or the Basilik Vnguent or if any Malignity be feared this that followeth Take Pounder of Myrrh Root of Round Aristolochy Orrace of Florence and Aloes of each one dram Angelica half a dram Treacle dissolved in the spirit of Wine two drams with hony of Roses make a Liniment And at length the Wound being wel wiped and cleansed it is to be filled up with flesh and so shut up with a cicatrice as in other cases is wont to be done If a Gangrene be feared as nigh at hand then the Cure is so to be ordered as we sayd before touching the Gangrene Glandorpius his father in the case before alleadged besides general and internal remedies was wont to administer these Topicks First of all with this Unguent he anoynted the filaments and then he imposed them hot upon the Wound with the Citrine Emplaster As Take Venice Tuâ—pentine often washed one ounce the powder of Earthworms two scruples Frankincense half a dram the yelk of one Egge and mingle them The hand even unto the wrist was anoynted with the Oyl of Roses The pain increasing he applyed warm this following Cataplasm Take Scordium or Water Germander the herb Sauce alone or Jack by the hedg of each four pugills or smal handfuls Wormwood the tops of St. Johns wort Sage Marjoram of each two pugills Red Roses three pugils flowers of Camomil and Melilote of each one pugil the pith of Rie bread three ounces bran one ounce the meal of Lupines one ounce and half with a sufficient quantity of Wine make a Cataplasm adding in the conclusion oyl of Rue six drams oyl of Roses with Earthworms an ounce and half the yelk of one Egge Saffron one scruple and mingle them The pain yet for all this little or nothing remitting about the hand wrist and the Elbow he applyed this Defensive Take The Vnguent of Roses Champhorated or with Camphyre and the Santaline Oyl or the oyl of Saunders of each half an ounce oyl of Roses with the Juice of Night-shade three drams Bole Armenick two drams powder of red Roses one dram Rose vinegar as much as wil suffice and mingle them The pain somwhat abating there was then discovered a Nerve or rather a black Tendon and upon this he strewed the following powder Take Roots of round Aristolochy
Sow fennel Orrace of each one scruple Harts horn burnt prepared powder of Earth worms and Frankincense of each half a scruple mingle them and make a very fine powder Upon which he laid on the filaments after he had dipt them in the Diapompholyx Emplaster and covered them with the Emplasher Diapalmâ—â— so the fear that was conceived of the necessity of the cutting off of the Thumb was taken away and a great part of the Tendon cut forth and the first little bone being become altogether rotten was drawn forth with the Nayl But because that the fingers by reason of their being continually bound up as also the thumb were benummed and wanted their motion by fomentations Bathes and Liniments the fingers recovered their motion again and the thumb albeit that it remayned immoveable yet nevertheless it had a new Nayl instead of the former Chap. 20. Of the Wounds by Gun-shot UNto Wounds with contusions we may likewise add those that are inflicted by Gunshot Where at the very first and before we proceed any further this question cometh to be discussed to wit Whether wounds that are inflicted by Gunshot have any Malignity in them and whether they receive any burning heat causing an Inflammation and putrefaction of the humors from the powder or the Bullet Three opinions touching wounds by Gun-shot And here in this Controversy we find that Authors are altogether divided into three Ranks and opinions The first determine that the Wounds inflicted by bullets from Guns are poysonous Others deny indeed that they have any thing of poyson in them yet they have nevertheless as they say an Empyreuma and burning But thirdly and lastly others there are that wil not admit of either of these but they assert that al that wherein these Wounds differ from those that are inflicted by a sharp weapon is from the contusion and tearing of those parts the bullet passeth thorow All which opinions we wil now examine in order The first opinion And first of al the opinion of them that assert these wounds to be poysonous is indeed very Ancient and therefore soon after the invention of Guns according to this opinion there was likewise a Method propounded and practised for the curing of Wounds inflicted by Gunshot For John de vigo in the second part of his Pract. Chirurg Book 1. and the Chapter of a poysonous wound writeth in this manner If the Wound shal be caused by the Instrument how much used and called la Bombarda or as we term it the Gun then there ought to be made a cauterization with the oyl of Elder or the oyl of Linseed only And Paraeus writeth in his tenth Book of Chirurgery Apologism 1. that it was a thing much in use even in his time to burn into such wounds with the oyl of Elder applyed very hot and that had mingled with it a little Treacle and that he himself also at the first followed this way and method of curing until accidentally by a certain chance there was another way taught touching which see the place alleadged But those that follow this opinion prove this poysonousness in the general from the diseases and symptoms that usually happen there upon The reasons by which the first opinion is proved such as are the corruption of the parts and the Gangrene those ulcers resembling the Nature of the Tumor Herpes the trembling of the Heart Malignant fevers the lips of the Wound leaden coloured or black and then next of al they prove it from the course that is taken in the Cure because that it is found by experience that Alexipharmaca or Counter poysons have brought much benefit and help unto the Patient and because that these Wounds are to be kept open a long time after the manner of other poysoned Wounds And lastly some there are that pretend this likewise that it hath been found that all those have perished that in some certain battles have been wounded by such bullets or if any have escaped that it was very hardly and that they were preserved by some extraordinary pains and labour although that the Wounds did not seem so great and dangerous whatever were the diligence and care of the Chirurgeons and though it were never so little But others of this opinion wil have this poysonousness to proceed from the Gunpouder by the force and violence whereof the bullets are driven forth others from the matter and metal of which the bullets are made others from the poyson wherewith these bullets are poysoned For this powder consisteth of Brimstone Nitre and Coals of which they say the two former are hot in themselves and when they are fired they then become extremely hot and if they take flame then do they at length acquire a poysonous quality as these would perswade us And this they think to be sufficiently manifest even by this also because that those who make this powder shut both their mouth and their Nosethrills that so they may not be hurt by the poysonous exhalations of this powder But they who derive this poysonousness from the Metal these tell us that al Metals in general are poysonous and enemies unto our bodies others although they say not that these bullets are in themselves poysonous yet nevertheless they take upon them to prove that these bullets may be poâ—soned and that this was much used by divers Nations they abundantly prove out of several Authors As The ophrastus in his ninth Book of Plants Chap. 15. Dioscorides in his sixth Book and Chapt. 20. Pliny in his twelfth Book and Chapt. 53. Paulus Aegineta in his sixth Book and Chapt. 88. and other modern Writers And some there are who here for to prove this their opinion be take themselves to the likeness and resemblance of the lightening and blow of the Gun and as it is most certain that oftentimes in Lightening there is a certain poysonous quality and power as is sufficiently testifyed by the stench and the wonderful power it hath of blasting and destroying both man and beast and that in a moment as also the other malignant Effects thereof sufficiently witness the truth hereof so they conceive that there is something like unto it in the flash of the powder and the noyse or report of the Gun Secondly Many there have been The Second opinion and stil are who affirm that an Empyreuma or Combustion of the parts is joyned with these Wounds And hereupon it is that Chirurgeons commonly carry about with them so many Medicaments which our Chirurgeons term Pulver le shung that is extinguishers of the Gunpouder or the Empyrema when the parts are inflamed and burnt in these wounds by Gunshot because to wit that they are perswaded that in such wounds there is an Empyreuma which is first of all to be extinguished And this they endeavor to prove by these Reasons First of al The Reasons for proofe of the second opinion because those bullets when they are cast forth may be inflamed