never_o fall_v out_o but_o in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n yea_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n may_v be_v direct_o opposite_a one_o to_o another_o and_o yet_o no_o eclipse_n follow_v all_o which_o be_v absurd_a as_o for_o example_n let_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n be_v o_o let_v the_o earth_n stand_v in_o a_o a_o good_a way_n distant_a from_o the_o centre_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o great_a half_n of_o the_o heaven_n c_o i_o b_o will_v always_o be_v above_o and_o the_o less_o half_a c_o d_o b_o below_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o experience_n thence_o also_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o day_n and_o night_n will_v never_o be_v equal_a for_o the_o sun_n b_o will_v be_v always_o long_o above_o the_o earth_n while_o he_o move_v from_o b_o to_z c_z than_o below_o move_v from_o c_z to_z b_o again_o the_o sun_n b_o may_v stand_v just_a opposite_a to_o the_o moon_n x_o and_o yet_o no_o eclipse_n follow_v the_o earth_n which_o make_v the_o eclipse_n stand_v out_o of_o the_o midst_n 3_o the_o shadow_n of_o all_o body_n on_o the_o earth_n will_v not_o fall_v in_o that_o orderly_a uniformity_n as_o they_o now_o do_v for_o if_o the_o earth_n stand_v towards_o the_o east_n the_o shadow_n will_v be_v short_a before_o noon_n if_o towards_o the_o west_n afternoon_n if_o towards_o the_o north_n the_o shadow_n will_v still_o fall_v northward_o if_o towards_o the_o south_n southwards_o all_o which_o experience_n show_v to_o be_v false_a as_o for_o example_n let_v the_o earth_n stand_v eastward_n in_o a_o the_o shadow_n of_o any_o body_n upon_o the_o earth_n as_o of_o the_o body_n under_o e_z will_v be_v short_a in_o the_o morning_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o c_z then_o at_o noon_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o x_o if_o the_o earth_n stand_v southward_o in_o w_o the_o shadow_n of_o any_o body_n will_v always_o fall_v south_n as_o it_o do_v in_o the_o figure_n in_n and_o z._n the_o second_o thing_n to_o be_v prove_v be_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v immovable_a where_o we_o must_v understand_v a_o double_a motion_n straight_o or_o circular_a for_o the_o first_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o with_o out_o supernatural_a violence_n it_o can_v be_v move_v in_o any_o straight_a motion_n that_o be_v upward_o downward_o or_o towards_o any_o side_n it_o can_v be_v shove_v out_o of_o his_o place_n for_o the_o second_o whether_o abide_v still_o in_o his_o place_n it_o may_v not_o move_v round_o the_o question_n be_v dispute_v and_o maintain_v one_o both_o side_n some_o affirm_v it_o may_v and_o do_v who_o think_v there_o be_v great_a probability_n the_o earth_n shall_v move_v round_o once_o a_o day_n then_o that_o the_o heaven_n shall_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o incredible_a swiftness_n of_o the_o heaven_n motion_n scare_n conpetible_a to_o any_o natural_a body_n and_o the_o more_o likely_a slowness_n of_o the_o earth_n move_v other_o deny_v it_o ground_v their_o opinion_n upon_o scripture_n which_o affirm_v the_o earth_n to_o stand_v fast_o so_o as_o it_o can_v be_v move_v and_o upon_o sense_n because_o we_o perceive_v it_o not_o to_o move_v and_o last_o upon_o reason_n draw_v from_o thing_n hurl_v up_o and_o let_v fall_v upon_o the_o earth_n the_o argument_n on_o both_o side_n will_v be_v more_o easy_a to_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o figure_n that_o follow_v in_o this_o figure_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o midst_n can_v â—ove_v by_o any_o straight_a motion_n upward_o toward_o n_o or_o sideward_v towards_o m_n or_o any_o other_o way_n out_o of_o its_o proper_a place_n and_o therefore_o that_o opinion_n of_o copernicus_n and_o other_o that_o the_o earth_n shall_v move_v round_o once_o ayeere_n in_o such_o a_o circle_n as_o m_o p_o r_o be_v most_o improbable_a &_o unreasonable_a and_o reject_v by_o the_o most_o but_o although_o it_o can_v move_v straight_o it_o may_v move_v round_o for_o though_o it_o be_v a_o mâ—rueilous_a great_a body_n of_o unconceaveable_a weight_n yet_o be_v equal_o poise_v on_o every_o side_n there_o be_v nothing_o can_v hinder_v its_o circular_a motion_n as_o in_o a_o globe_n of_o lead_n or_o any_o other_o heavy_a substance_n though_o it_o be_v 40._o fathom_v in_o compass_n yet_o be_v set_v upon_o his_o two_o pole_n it_o will_v easy_o be_v turn_v round_o euâ—n_v with_o a_o touch_n of_o one_o little_a finger_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v conclude_v that_o this_o circular_a motion_n be_v not_o impossible_a the_o probability_n of_o it_o be_v thus_o make_v plain_a the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o heaven_n wherein_o be_v the_o fix_a star_n be_v reckon_v by_o astronomer_n to_o be_v 1017562500._o that_o be_v a_o thousand_o and_o seventeen_o million_o of_o 〈…〉_z les_fw-fr five_o hundred_o sixty_o two_o thousand_o and_o five_o hundred_o mile_n let_v this_o be_v the_o compass_n of_o the_o circle_n n_o m_o o_o z._n so_o many_o mile_n do_v the_o heauâ—ns_n move_v in_o one_o day_n till_o the_o same_o point_n come_v to_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o it_o go_v as_o till_o n_o move_v round_o and_o come_v to_o n_o again_o this_o be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a day_n 24_o â—ouâ—es_v how_o mâ—ny_a mile_n will_v n_o move_v in_o one_o hour_n â—t_z will_v move_v 423_o 〈◊〉_d 4â—7_n and_o a_o half_a i_o e._n forty_o two_o million_o three_o hundred_o ninty_n eight_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o thirty_o seven_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a so_o many_o mile_n will_v n_o move_v in_o one_o hour_n from_o n_o to_o m._n a_o motion_n so_o swiâ—â—_n that_o it_o be_v utter_o 〈…〉_z devil_fw-mi far_o more_o likely_a it_o be_v the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n a_o saint_n x_o five_o be_v about_o 24000._o i_o e._n twenty_o four_o thousand_o 〈…〉_z les_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d or_o less_o it_o shall_v move_v round_o once_o adays_o for_o then_o one_o point_n as_o n_o shall_v move_v in_o one_o hour_n from_o x_o to_o v_z but_o a_o thousand_o mile_n which_o motion_n although_o it_o be_v swift_a than_o any_o arrow_n or_o bullet_n from_o a_o cannon_n mouth_n yet_o be_v it_o incomparable_o flower_n than_o that_o of_o the_o heaven_n where_o so_o many_o million_o be_v post_v over_o in_o a_o hour_n now_o for_o the_o salve_v of_o all_o the_o celestial_a phaenomena_n or_o appearance_n the_o truth_n be_v the_o same_o if_o we_o suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o move_v as_o if_o we_o believe_v it_o to_o stand_v still_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n the_o motion_n of_o all_o the_o planet_n will_v keep_v correspondence_n that_o now_o nor_o need_v we_o fear_v log_a or_o that_o steple_n and_o tower_n will_v totter_v down_o for_o the_o motion_n be_v regular_a and_o steady_a without_o rub_v and_o knock_v as_o if_o you_o turn_v a_o globe_n about_o it_o will_v go_v steady_o and_o a_o fly_n will_v set_v fast_o upon_o it_o though_o you_o move_v it_o apace_o beside_o the_o whole_a body_n the_o air_n be_v carry_v about_o with_o the_o whiâ—linge_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o the_o earth_n will_v make_v no_o wind_n as_o it_o turn_v swift_o about_o as_o a_o wheel_n will_v if_o it_o be_v turn_v apace_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o most_o be_v of_o another_o opinion_n that_o the_o earth_n stand_v still_o without_o all_o motion_n rest_n rather_o befittinge_n so_o heavy_a and_o dull_a a_o body_n then_o motion_n the_o main_a reason_n bring_v to_o establish_v it_o be_v this_o let_v a_o stone_n be_v throw_v down_o out_o of_o the_o air_n from_o w_n if_o the_o earth_n stand_v still_o it_o be_v manifest_v it_o will_v fall_v upon_o x_o just_a under_o it_o as_o we_o see_v it_o do_v by_o common_a experience_n a_o stone_n will_v fall_v down_o from_o any_o height_n upon_o the_o place_n we_o aim_v at_o but_o let_v the_o earth_n move_v the_o stone_n will_v not_o light_v upon_o x_o but_o some_o where_o else_o as_o one_o saint_n for_o x_o will_v be_v move_v away_o and_o go_v to_o u._n so_o again_o let_v two_o piece_n of_o ordinance_n that_o will_v shoot_v at_o equal_a distance_n be_v discharge_v one_o just_a towards_o the_o east_n the_o other_o towards_o the_o west_n if_o the_o earth_n move_v as_o they_o say_v it_o do_v towards_o the_o west_n the_o bullet_n that_o be_v discharge_v eastward_o will_v fly_v far_o then_o that_o westward_o for_o by_o the_o contrary_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n he_o will_v gain_v ground_n but_o experience_n have_v prove_v this_o to_o be_v false_a show_v that_o the_o bullet_n will_v both_o fly_v at_o equal_a distance_n to_o salve_v thiâ—_n answer_n be_v make_v that_o the_o earth_n by_o its_o swift_a motion_n carry_v with_o it_o and_o that_o steady_o not_o only_a all_o body_n rest_v or_o move_v upon_o it_o but_o also_o the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o air_n w_o e_z q_o with_o all_o thing_n whatsoever_o that_o be_v move_v in_o
the_o earth_n d._n e._n a._n the_o circle_n of_o the_o heaven_n from_o east_n to_o west_n let_v a_o be_v the_o sun_n or_o a_o star_n when_o the_o sun_n a_o be_v up_o and_o shine_v upon_o they_o that_o dwell_v in_o b_o he_o be_v not_o rise_v to_o they_o that_o dwell_v in_o c_z again_o when_o he_o be_v rise_v high_a and_o be_v come_v to_o e_z and_o so_o shine_v upon_o those_o that_o dwell_v in_o c_z he_o be_v not_o yet_o up_o to_o they_o that_o dwell_v in_o f_o again_o when_o he_o set_v in_o the_o west_n in_o d_o and_o so_o be_v out_o of_o sight_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o b_o he_o be_v yet_o up_o to_o they_o that_o dwell_v in_o c_z and_o f_o which_o show_v plain_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o 4_o by_o the_o different_a observation_n of_o eclipse_n one_o and_o the_o same_o eclipse_n appear_v soon_o to_o the_o easterly_a nation_n than_o those_o that_o lie_v far_a west_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o earth_n swell_v up_o between_o as_o for_o example_n let_v x._o o._n be_v the_o circle_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o great_a the_o circle_n of_o the_o heaven_n from_o east_n to_o west_n let_v p._n q._n be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n w._n s._n of_o the_o moon_n in_o the_o eclipse_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n between_o it_o and_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o o_o shall_v see_v the_o eclipse_n before_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o x_o by_o certain_a hour_n according_a as_o the_o distance_n between_o x_o and_o o_o be_v more_o or_o less_o they_o that_o dwell_v in_o o_o shall_v see_v it_o in_o saint_n they_o that_o dwell_v in_o x_o see_v it_o not_o till_o it_o come_v to_o w_o a_o great_a deal_n high_o 5_o that_o the_o water_n be_v round_o beside_o the_o natural_a weight_n and_o moisture_n of_o it_o which_o be_v apt_a to_o yield_v and_o run_v abroad_o will_v not_o suffer_v some_o place_n to_o lie_v high_a and_o some_o low_a like_a hill_n &_o dale_n but_o though_o it_o be_v make_v rough_a and_o uneven_a by_o tempest_n do_v present_o return_v to_o their_o natural_a smoothness_n and_o evenness_n i_o say_v beside_o this_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o common_a experience_n for_o if_o we_o stand_v on_o the_o land_n and_o see_v a_o ship_n go_v forth_o to_o sea_n by_o degree_n we_o lose_v the_o sight_n of_o it_o first_o of_o the_o bulk_n then_o of_o the_o must_v and_o all_o so_o also_o one_o the_o other_o side_n they_o that_o be_v at_o sea_n by_o degree_n doâ—_n loose_a or_o gain_v the_o sight_n of_o the_o land_n as_o for_o example_n let_v a_o be_v some_o steeple_n upon_o the_o land_n b_o a_o ship_n at_o sea_n he_o that_o stand_v at_o a_o shall_v by_o little_a and_o little_o loose_v the_o sight_n of_o the_o ship_n as_o she_o go_v out_o &_o get_v sight_n of_o she_o as_o she_o come_v in_o both_o first_o and_o last_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o sight_n of_o the_o top_n mast_n b_o when_o he_o see_v nothing_o else_o because_o the_o sea_n rise_v up_o between_o his_o sight_n and_o the_o ship_n these_o reason_n and_o experiment_n may_v suffice_v to_o prove_v the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n which_o may_v be_v far_o demonstrate_v by_o show_v the_o falsehood_n of_o all_o other_o figure_v regular_a or_o irregular_a that_o can_v be_v give_v unto_o it_o that_o it_o be_v neither_o square_n nor_o threecornerd_a nor_o piramidall_a nor_o conicall_a on_o taperwise_o nor_o cylindricall_a like_o a_o barley_n roll_v nor_o hollow_a like_o a_o dish_n nor_o of_o any_o other_o fashion_n as_o some_o have_v imagine_v it_o to_o be_v of_o we_o come_v to_o this_o second_o rule_n 2_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a hill_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o low_a valley_n although_o in_o several_a place_n they_o make_v the_o earth_n uneven_a yet_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o vast_a greatness_n of_o the_o whole_a do_v not_o at_o all_o hinder_v the_o roundness_n of_o it_o among_o all_o geometrical_a figure_n the_o sphaetiall_a or_o the_o round_n be_v the_o most_o perfect_a and_o among_o all_o natural_a body_n the_o heaven_n be_v the_o most_o excellent_a it_o be_v therefore_o good_a reason_n the_o most_o beautiful_a body_n shall_v have_v the_o most_o perfect_a and_o exquisite_a shape_n exact_a roundness_n than_o be_v not_o find_v in_o any_o body_n but_o the_o heaven_n the_o earth_n be_v round_o as_o be_v show_v before_o but_o not_o precise_o with_o out_o all_o roughness_n and_o inaequality_n of_o its_o surface_n there_o be_v hill_n like_o wart_n and_o valley_n like_o wrinkle_n in_o a_o man_n body_n and_o that_o both_o for_o ornament_n and_o use_n yet_o be_v there_o such_o unformity_n in_o this_o variety_n as_o that_o there_o be_v no_o notable_a and_o sensible_a inaequaâ—ity_n make_v in_o the_o earth_n by_o hill_n and_o valley_n no_o more_o than_o if_o you_o shall_v lay_v a_o sly_a upon_o a_o smooth_a cartwheele_n or_o a_o pin_n head_n upon_o a_o great_a globe_n now_o that_o this_o be_v so_o appear_v by_o sense_n and_o reason_n by_o sense_n thus_o if_o we_o stand_v on_o a_o hill_n or_o in_o a_o plain_a when_o we_o may_v descry_v the_o country_n round_o about_o 15._o or_o 20._o mile_n we_o may_v behold_v the_o bâ—im_n or_o edge_n of_o the_o earth_n round_o about_o we_o to_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n even_o and_o straight_o even_o there_o where_o the_o country_n be_v very_o hilly_a and_o full_a of_o mountain_n so_o thâ—t_v a_o far_o of_o their_o height_n make_v but_o a_o little_a alteration_n and_o difference_n from_o the_o plain_a country_n when_o we_o behold_v all_o together_o a_o far_o of_o though_o when_o we_o come_v near_o the_o alteration_n seem_v more_o sensible_a by_o reason_n thus_o the_o thickness_n of_o half_a the_o earth_n be_v as_o shall_v be_v show_v about_o 4000_o mile_n now_o the_o plumb_n height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n be_v not_o account_v above_o a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a or_o two_o mile_n at_o the_o most_o now_o between_o two_o mile_n and_o four_o thousand_o there_o be_v no_o sensible_a proportion_n and_o a_o line_n that_o be_v four_o thousand_o and_o two_o mile_n long_o will_v not_o seem_v sensible_o long_o than_o that_o which_o be_v four_o thousand_o as_o for_o example_n let_v o_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n xw_n a_o part_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o run_v by_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o superficies_n of_o champion_n and_o even_a plain_n woe_n or_o xo_o be_v the_o semidiameter_n or_o half_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o earth_n saint_n be_v a_o hill_n rise_v up_o above_o that_o plain_a of_o the_o earth_n w_n be_v the_o plumb_n height_n of_o the_o hill_n i_o say_v that_o ws_n do_v not_o sensible_o alter_v the_o length_n of_o the_o line_n owe_v for_o ws_n be_v but_o two_o mile_n woe_n 4000_o mile_n and_o two_o to_o 4000_o alter_v not_o much_o more_o than_o the_o breadth_n of_o a_o pin_n to_o the_o length_n of_o a_o perch_n so_o a_o line_n draw_v from_o o_o the_o centre_n to_o saint_n the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n all_o one_o with_o a_o line_n draw_v to_o w_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o hill_n the_o three_o rule_n 3_o the_o earth_n rest_v immovable_a in_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n two_o point_n be_v here_o to_o be_v demonstrate_v first_o that_o the_o earth_n stand_v exact_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o world_n second_o that_o it_o be_v immovable_a the_o former_a be_v prove_v by_o these_o reason_n 1_o the_o natural_a heaviness_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n be_v such_o as_o they_o will_v never_o cease_v move_n downward_o till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o low_a place_n now_o the_o centre_n or_o middle_a point_n of_o the_o world_n be_v the_o low_a place_n and_o ergo_fw-la they_o must_v needs_o move_v thither_o as_o for_o example_n let_v o_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n c_z d_o e_z the_o heaven_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o low_a place_n from_o the_o heaven_n on_o all_o side_n be_v o_o sâ—uppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v in_o a_o or_o in_o b_o some_o where_o out_o of_o the_o centre_n i_o say_v it_o be_v not_o possible_a unless_o it_o be_v violent_o hold_v up_o that_o it_o shall_v abide_v there_o but_o it_o will_v descend_v till_o it_o come_v to_o o_o the_o middle_a point_n 2_o if_o the_o earth_n stand_v any_o where_o but_o in_o the_o midst_n we_o shall_v not_o see_v half_o the_o heaven_n above_o we_o as_o now_o we_o always_o do_v neither_o can_v there_o be_v any_o aequinox_n neither_o will_v the_o day_n and_o night_n lengthen_v and_o shorten_v in_o that_o due_a order_n and_o proportion_n in_o all_o place_n of_o the_o world_n as_o now_o they_o do_v again_o eclipse_n will_v
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above_o be_v yet_o see_v that_o underneath_o be_v go_v out_o of_o your_o sight_n this_o line_n be_v but_o a_o pâ—ece_n of_o the_o horrizon_n which_o if_o you_o conceive_v to_o be_v draw_v upward_o about_o the_o world_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o north_n and_o so_o by_o east_n and_o south_n to_o west_n again_o you_o have_v the_o whole_a horrizon_n describe_v this_o circle_n be_v not_o draw_v upon_o the_o body_n of_o the_o globe_n because_o it_o be_v variable_a but_o stand_v one_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o be_v a_o broad_a circle_n of_o wood_n cover_v with_o paper_n on_o which_o be_v set_v the_o month_n and_o day_n of_o the_o year_n both_o in_o the_o old_a and_o new_a calendar_n and_o also_o the_o 12_o sign_n and_o the_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n all_o which_o be_v easy_o discern_v by_o the_o beholdinge_v the_o use_n of_o this_o horizon_n be_v not_o so_o much_o in_o geography_n as_o in_o astronomy_n the_o zodiac_n be_v a_o circle_n which_o compass_v the_o earth_n like_o a_o â—â—lt_n cross_v the_o â—quator_fw-la slopewise_o noâ—_n straight_o as_o the_o meridian_n do_v opposite_a to_o it_o in_o the_o heaven_n be_v another_o circle_n of_o the_o same_o name_n wherein_o be_v the_o 12._o sign_n and_o in_o which_o the_o sun_n keep_v his_o own_o proper_a course_n all_o the_o year_n long_o never_o decline_v from_o â—t_a on_o the_o one_o side_n or_o other_o the_o use_n hereof_o in_o geography_n be_v but_o little_a only_o to_o show_v what_o people_n they_o be_v over_o who_o head_n the_o sun_n come_v to_o be_v once_o or_o twice_o a_o year_n who_o be_v all_o those_o that_o dwell_v with_o in_o 23._o degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la for_o so_o much_o be_v the_o declination_n or_o slope_v of_o the_o zodiac_n this_o circle_n be_v also_o call_v the_o ecliptic_a line_n because_o when_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n stand_v both_o in_o this_o circle_n opposite_a each_o to_o other_o then_o there_o happen_v a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o moon_n upon_o a_o globe_n it_o be_v easy_o discern_v by_o the_o slope_v of_o it_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o division_n of_o it_o into_o 12._o part_n and_o every_o of_o those_o 12._o into_o 30._o degree_n these_o be_v the_o great_a circle_n the_o lesser_a follow_v which_o be_v all_o of_o one_o nature_n and_o be_v call_v by_o one_o general_a name_n sc_n parallel_n because_o they_o be_v so_o draw_v on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la as_o they_o be_v equidistant_a unto_o it_o every_o way_n many_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v draw_v upon_o the_o globe_n as_o be_v easy_a to_o â—eâ—_n see_v and_o may_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v draw_v upon_o the_o earth_n but_o there_o be_v only_o two_o sort_n chief_o to_o be_v mark_v namely_o the_o tropicke_n and_o the_o polar_a circle_n the_o tropicke_n be_v two_o parallel_a circle_n distant_a on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la 23._o degree_n show_v the_o far_a bound_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n north_n or_o south_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o the_o midst_n of_o heaven_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v call_v tropicke_n a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d â—ertendo_fw-la because_o when_o the_o sun_n come_v over_o these_o line_n he_o either_o turn_v away_o from_o we_o as_o in_o the_o summer_n or_o turn_v towards_o we_o again_o as_o in_o the_o winter_n there_o be_v then_o two_o of_o they_o vid._n 1_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o which_o when_o the_o sun_n come_v it_o make_v the_o long_a day_n in_o summer_n 2_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n lie_v southward_o of_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o which_o when_o the_o
for_o example_n under_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n 2_o antoeci_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d such_o as_o dwell_v opposite_a to_o the_o former_a in_o another_o parallel_n of_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la as_o those_o under_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n 3_o antipode_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d who_o dwell_v â—ust_z under_o we_o their_o foot_n opposite_a to_o we_o 5_o the_o five_o distinction_n be_v of_o the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o place_n upon_o it_o these_o may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n 1_o absolute_o and_o so_o the_o longitude_n or_o length_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v its_o circuit_n and_o extension_n from_o east_n to_o west_n latitude_n or_o breadth_n of_o it_o be_v the_o whole_a circuit_n and_o compass_n of_o it_o from_o north_n to_o south_n 2_o comparative_o compare_v one_o place_v situation_n with_o another_o and_o so_o the_o longitud_n of_o a_o place_n be_v the_o distance_n of_o it_o from_o the_o first_o meridian_n go_v through_o the_o canary_n land_n eastward_o whereby_o we_o know_v how_o far_o one_o place_n lie_v east_n or_o west_n from_o another_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n be_v the_o distance_n of_o it_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o north_n or_o south_n whereby_o we_o know_v how_o far_o one_o place_n lie_v northward_o or_o southward_o of_o another_o the_o longitude_n must_v be_v reckon_v by_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o latitude_n by_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o meridian_n for_o example_n in_o these_o two_o haemisphaere_n the_o longitude_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v from_o c_z to_z a_o and_o b_o in_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o latitud_n be_v from_o n_o to_o saint_n and_o from_o q_o to_o p_o the_o north_n and_o south_n pole_n and_o this_o reckon_v in_o any_o meridian_n the_o first_o meridian_n be_v a_o n_o b_o s_o which_o go_v by_o the_o canary_n land_n the_o aequinoctial_a be_v a_o b_o c_z a_o now_o i_o have_v a_o city_n give_v sc_n d_o i_o will_v know_v in_o what_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n it_o be_v for_o the_o longitude_n i_o consider_v what_o meridian_n pass_v through_o it_o which_o be_v the_o meridian_n n_o d_o saint_n which_o cross_v the_o aequinoctial_a in_o ay_o at_o 15_o degree_n wherefore_o i_o say_v that_o d_o stands_z eastward_o from_o the_o first_o meridian_n 15_o degree_n so_o i_o find_v that_o the_o city_n ε_n be_v 150_o degree_n eastward_o g_z 195_o and_o f_o 345._o for_o the_o latitude_n i_o consider_v what_o parallel_n run_v through_o d_o e_z g_z or_o f_o and_o i_o find_v the_o 30_o to_o pass_v by_o d_o 45_o by_o e_z the_o 15_o by_z f_o the_o 45_o southward_n by_o g_z and_o those_o number_n be_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n that_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la c_z a_o b_o 6_o the_o six_o distinction_n be_v by_o the_o length_n or_o shortness_n of_o the_o day_n in_o summer_n time_n in_o several_a quarter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o this_o division_n be_v by_o climate_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v several_a space_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v between_o two_o parallel_n in_o the_o which_o the_o long_a day_n in_o summer_n excâ—edes_v that_o in_o another_o parallel_n by_o half_a a_o hour_n there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o confusion_n and_o difference_n between_o the_o late_a and_o and_o ancient_a geographer_n about_o the_o distinction_n and_o diverse_a reckon_n of_o the_o climate_n it_o be_v not_o worth_a the_o labour_n to_o recount_v their_o opinion_n and_o calculation_n thus_o much_o be_v plain_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v know_v there_o be_v 24._o climate_n in_o which_o the_o day_n increase_v by_o half_a hour_n from_o 12._o hour_n to_o 24._o there_o be_v likewise_o 6._o climate_n in_o which_o the_o day_n increase_v by_o month_n from_o one_o month_n to_o six_o that_o be_v half_o a_o year_n under_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o day_n be_v always_o twelve_o hour_n long_o but_o as_o you_o go_v from_o it_o towards_o the_o pole_n the_o day_n lengthenâ—_n still_o till_o it_o come_v to_o a_o cap._n day_n half_a a_o year_n long_o now_o in_o what_o degree_n of_o latitude_n every_o on_o of_o these_o climate_n begin_v and_o end_v shall_v appear_v by_o this_o table_n follow_v 7_o the_o seven_o and_o lose_v distinction_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v take_v from_o the_o situation_n of_o it_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o especial_o the_o sun_n motion_n in_o regard_v whereof_o some_o part_n or_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v say_v to_o be_v or_o dwell_v in_o a_o right_a sphere_n some_o in_o a_o parallel_n sphere_n and_o other_o in_o a_o oblique_a or_o crooked_a sphere_n they_o dwell_v in_o sphaerarecta_n in_o a_o right_n or_o straight_a sphere_n who_o dwell_v just_a under_o the_o aequinoctial_a who_o horizon_n be_v parallel_v to_o the_o meridian_n but_o cut_v the_o aequator_fw-la at_o right_a angle_n they_o dwell_v in_o parallel_n sphere_n who_o dwell_v just_a under_o either_o of_o the_o pole_n who_o horizon_n be_v parallel_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o cut_v all_o the_o meridian_n at_o right_a angle_n and_o the_o latter_a be_v sometime_o call_v a_o parallel_n sphere_n they_o dwell_v in_o sphaera_fw-la obliqua_fw-la in_o a_o crooked_a sphere_n who_o inhabit_v any_o place_n between_o the_o aequinoctial_a and_o the_o pole_n who_o horizon_n cut_v the_o aequator_fw-la the_o parallel_n and_o the_o meridian_n at_o oblique_a or_o unequal_a angle_n 1_o the_o use_n of_o this_o table_n be_v easy_a in_o the_o first_o column_n be_v contain_v the_o name_n and_o number_n of_o the_o climate_n in_o the_o second_o the_o parallel_n which_o enclose_v it_o on_o each_o side_n and_o divide_v it_o in_o the_o midst_n for_o the_o parallel_n here_o be_v draw_v by_o everyhalfe_n hour_n increase_v the_o three_o column_n be_v the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n in_o summer_n in_o every_o climate_n which_o from_o 12._o hour_n increase_v by_o half_a hour_n to_o 24._o hour_n after_o by_o month_n from_o one_o month_n to_o six_o the_o four_o contain_v the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n how_o far_o every_o climate_n lie_v from_o the_o aequinoctial_a the_o fist_n contain_v the_o space_n or_o breadth_n of_o every_o climate_n how_o many_o degree_n or_o minute_n it_o take_v up_o upon_o the_o earth_n the_o six_o contain_v soâ—e_a notable_a place_n by_o which_o the_o climate_n pass_v 2_o hereby_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o know_v what_o the_o long_a day_n be_v in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o world_n who_o latitude_n be_v know_v or_o contrary_o the_o long_a day_n be_v know_v to_o know_v the_o latitude_n for_o example_n oxford_n have_v latitude_n 52._o 0._o degree_n longitude_n 24._o 0._o in_o the_o table_n i_o find_v that_o 52._o degree_n of_o latitude_n lie_v in_o the_o 9_o the_o climate_n wherein_o the_o day_n be_v 16._o hour_n and_o a_o half_a long_o so_o much_o i_o say_v the_o day_n be_v at_o oxford_n in_o summer_n the_o place_n of_o oxford_n in_o the_o haemisphaere_n be_v at_o u._n 3_o upon_o globe_n the_o climate_n be_v not_o usual_o describe_v but_o be_v note_v out_o upon_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n so_o also_o in_o universal_a map_n they_o be_v seldom_o draw_v to_o avoid_v confusion_n of_o many_o line_n together_o but_o they_o be_v many_o time_n mark_v out_o on_o the_o limb_n or_o edge_n of_o the_o map_n cap._n 6._o of_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o be_v now_o come_v to_o the_o last_o point_n concern_v the_o measure_n the_o earth_n which_o be_v two_o fold_n either_o of_o the_o wâ—â—â—e_a earth_n 2_o several_a part_n thereof_o and_o their_o distance_n one_o from_o another_o concern_v the_o first_o it_o be_v but_o a_o needless_a labour_n to_o recount_v the_o diversity_n of_o opinion_n that_o have_v be_v hold_v from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o learned_a geographer_n what_o be_v the_o compass_n and_o depth_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o may_v be_v see_v in_o â—ues_n de_fw-la usu_fw-la globe_n part_n 3._o cap._n 2._o and_o in_o clavy_n on_o sacrobosco_n with_o other_o they_o all_o differ_v so_o much_o one_o from_o another_o that_o there_o be_v no_o certainty_n in_o trust_v any_o of_o they_o the_o most_o common_a and_o receive_a opinion_n be_v that_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v 21600_o mile_n reckon_v 〈◊〉_d mile_n for_o every_o degree_n and_o then_o the_o depth_n or_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v 6877_o english_a mile_n contain_v 5000_o foot_n in_o a_o mile_n thâ—_n mean_v whereby_o the_o circuit_n and_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v out_o be_v principal_o two_o 1_o by_o measure_v north_n or_o south_n â—nder_v one_o meridian_n some_o good_a quantity_n of_o ground_n threescore_o or_o a_o hundâ—â—d_o mile_n or_o two_o for_o the_o more_o certainty_n for_o in_o those_o petty_a observation_n of_o small_a distance_n there_o can_v be_v no_o
certain_a work_n this_o may_v be_v do_v though_o it_o be_v laborious_a yet_o exact_o without_o any_o sensible_a error_n by_o a_o skilful_a workman_n plot_v it_o out_o upon_o his_o paper_n with_o due_a heed_n take_v that_o 〈◊〉_d often_o rectify_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o needle_n by_o which_o he_o travel_v upon_o due_a observation_n and_o that_o all_o notable_a ascent_n and_o descent_n with_o such_o wind_a and_o turn_v as_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o way_n cause_v be_v reduce_v to_o one_o straight_a line_n by_o this_o mean_n we_o shall_v know_v how_o many_o mile_n in_o the_o earth_n answer_v to_o a_o degree_n in_o the_o heaven_n if_o exact_a observation_n by_o large_a instrument_n be_v make_v to_o find_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o the_o first_o place_n where_o we_o begin_v to_o measure_v and_o the_o last_o where_o we_o make_v a_o end_n beside_o this_o way_n of_o measure_v the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v none_o other_o that_o have_v any_o certainty_n of_o obseration_n in_o it_o that_o by_o eclipse_n be_v most_o uncertain_a for_o a_o little_a error_n in_o a_o few_o minute_n of_o time_n which_o the_o observer_n shall_v not_o possible_o avoid_v breed_v a_o sensible_a and_o foul_a error_n in_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o two_o place_n of_o observation_n that_o of_o eratâ—sthenes_n by_o the_o sun_n beam_n and_o a_o shadow_n of_o a_o stile_n or_o gnomon_n set_v upon_o the_o earth_n be_v as_o bad_a as_o the_o other_o for_o both_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o calculation_n in_o so_o small_a quantity_n as_o the_o shadow_n and_o the_o gnomon_n must_v needs_o have_v and_o the_o difficulty_n to_o observe_v the_o true_a length_n of_o the_o shadow_n as_o also_o the_o false_a supposition_n whereupon_o it_o proceed_v take_v those_o line_n for_o parllell_n which_o be_v not_o do_v manifest_o show_v the_o reckon_n hereby_o make_v to_o be_v doubtful_a and_o not_o sure_a 2_o the_o second_o be_v by_o measure_v the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o as_o the_o circumference_n make_v know_v the_o diameter_n so_o do_v this_o the_o circumference_n this_o may_v be_v do_v by_o observation_n make_v upon_o some_o great_a hill_n hard_o by_o the_o sea_n side_n the_o invention_n be_v of_o maurolycus_n abbot_n of_o messâ—va_n in_o siciliâ—_n but_o it_o have_v be_v perfect_v and_o more_o exact_o perform_v by_o a_o worthy_a mathematician_n ed._n w._n who_o himself_o make_v proof_n of_o it_o by_o this_o art_n be_v the_o 〈…〉_z idiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n â—ound_v ouâ—_n to_o be_v 1831262â—_n foot_n which_o allow_v 5000_o foot_n to_o a_o mile_n be_v â—662_n &_o a_o half_a mile_n which_o double_v be_v the_o whole_a diameter_n 7325_o mile_n the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v 2â—030_n mile_n and_o one_o degree_n contain_v 63_o 61_o 36_o mile_n which_o be_v almost_o 64_o mile_n which_o as_o it_o exceed_v the_o ordinary_a account_n so_o may_v we_o rest_v upon_o it_o as_o more_o exact_a than_o any_o other_o 2_o the_o second_o point_n concern_v the_o measuringe_v of_o particular_a distance_n of_o place_n one_o from_o another_o be_v thus_o perform_v first_o upon_o the_o globe_n it_o be_v most_o easy_a with_o a_o pair_n of_o compass_n take_v the_o distance_n between_o any_o two_o place_n howsoever_o situate_v upon_o the_o globe_n and_o apply_v the_o distance_n so_o take_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la &_o see_v how_o many_o degree_n it_o take_v up_o those_o degree_n turn_v into_o mile_n show_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o two_o city_n on_o from_o another_o upon_o universal_a map_n their_o be_v a_o little_a more_o difficulty_n in_o find_v the_o distance_n of_o place_n which_o here_o must_v be_v consider_v in_o a_o threefold_a difference_n of_o situation_n 1_o of_o latitude_n only_o 2_o of_o longitude_n only_o 3_o of_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n together_o 1_o if_o the_o two_o place_n differ_v only_o in_o latitude_n and_o lie_v under_o the_o same_o meridian_n if_o the_o place_n lie_v both_o on_o one_o 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degree_n comprehend_v betwixt_o a_o and_o n_o will_v express_v the_o true_a distance_n of_o the_o two_o place_n which_o will_v be_v sound_a to_o be_v 39_o degree_n which_o be_v multiply_v by_o 60._o and_o so_o convert_v into_o mile_n according_a to_o the_o former_a rule_n will_v produce_v 2340._o which_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o say_a place_n finis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d navigation_n â—_o 229._o of_o this_o hypothesis_n seâ—_n 〈◊〉_d error_n of_o navigation_n that_o be_v geographer_n look_v to_o the_o north_n astronomer_n to_o the_o south_n priest_n turn_v they_o to_o the_o east_n &_o poet_n to_o the_o west_n those_o thâ—â—_n dwell_v under_o the_o pole_n have_v not_o past_o 3._o or_o 4_o month_n profund_a as_o â—eneâ—ras_n dark_a night_n for_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o libra_n &_o pisces_fw-la be_v then_o nigh_o the_o horizon_n it_o send_v forth_o to_o they_o a_o glimmer_a light_n not_o unliâ—e_a to_o the_o twilight_n or_o dâ—wning_v of_o the_o day_n in_o a_o morning_n a_o little_a before_o the_o sun_n rise_v munsâ—er_n lib._n 1._o cap._n