Selected quad for the lemma: earth_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
earth_n	colour_n	draw_v	grind_v	48	3	16.3433	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A60739	Polygraphice, or, The arts of drawing, engraving, etching, limning, painting, washing, varnishing, gilding, colouring, dying, beautifying, and perfuming in four books : exemplifyed in the drawing of men, women, landskips, countries and figures of various forms, the way of engraving, etching, and limning, with all their requisites and ornaments, the depicting of the most eminent pieces of antiquities, the paintings of the antients, washing of maps, globes or pictures, the dying of cloth, silk, horns, bones, wood, glass, stones and metals, the varnishing, colouring and gilding thereof according to any purpose or intent, the painting, colouring and beautifying of the face, skin and hair, the whole doctrine of perfumes, never published till now, together with the original, advancement and perfection of the art of painting / by William Salmon ...	Salmon, William, 1644-1713.	1673 (1673)	Wing S445; ESTC R16620	189,914	371

of_o the_o shred_n of_o white_a sheepskin_n which_o be_v to_o be_v bad_a plentiful_o at_o glover_n or_o else_o of_o parchment_n one_o pound_n conduit_n or_o running-water_n two_o quart_n boil_v it_o to_o a_o thin_a jelly_n then_o strain_v it_o whilst_o bot_n through_o a_o fine_a strainen_n and_o so_o use_v it_o ii_o gum-lake_n it_o be_v make_v of_o white_n of_o egg_n beat_v and_o strain_v a_o pint_n honey_n gum-hedera_a of_o each_o two_o drachm_n strong_a wort_n four_o spoonful_n mix_v they_o and_o strain_v they_o with_o a_o piece_n of_o sponge_n till_o they_o run_v like_o a_o clear_a oil_n which_o keep_v in_o a_o clean_a vessel_n till_o it_o grow_v hard_a this_o gum_n will_v dissolve_v in_o water_n like_o gum-arabic_n of_o which_o gum-water_n be_v make_v in_o like_a manner_n it_o be_v a_o good_a ordinary_a varnish_n for_o picture_n iii_o gum-hedera_a or_o gum_n of_o ivy_n it_o be_v get_v out_o of_o ivy_n by_o cut_v with_o a_o axe_n a_o great_a branch_n thereof_o climb_v upon_o a_o oak-tree_n and_o bruise_v the_o end_n of_o it_o with_o the_o head_n of_o the_o axe_n at_o a_o month_n end_n or_o thereabouts_o you_o may_v take_v from_o it_o a_o very_a clear_a and_o pure_a fine_a gum_n like_o oil_n it_o be_v good_a to_o put_v into_o gold_n size_n and_o other_o colour_n for_o these_o three_o reason_n 1._o it_o abate_v the_o ill_a scent_n of_o the_o size_n 2._o it_o will_v prevent_v bubble_n in_o gold_n size_n and_o other_o colour_n 3._o last_o it_o take_v the_o fat_a and_o clamminess_n off_o colour_n beside_o which_o it_o be_v of_o use_n in_o make_v pomander_n iv_o gum_n armoniacum_fw-la it_o be_v a_o foreign_a gum_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v bring_v strain_v grind_v it_o very_o fine_a with_o juice_n of_o garlic_n and_o a_o little_a gum-arabic_n water_n so_o that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v too_o thick_a but_o that_o you_o may_v write_v with_o it_o what_o you_o will_v when_o you_o use_v it_o draw_v what_o you_o will_v with_o it_o and_o let_v it_o dry_v and_o when_o you_o gild_v upon_o it_o cut_v your_o gold_n or_o silver_n to_o the_o fashion_n which_o you_o draw_v with_o the_o size_n or_o gum_n then_o breath_n upon_o the_o size_n and_o lay_v the_o gold_n upon_o it_o gentle_o take_v up_o which_o press_v down_o hard_o with_o a_o piece_n of_o wool_n and_o then_o let_v it_o well_o dry_a be_v dry_v with_o a_o fine_a linen_n cloth_n strike_v off_o the_o loose_a gold_n so_o will_v what_o be_v draw_v be_v fair_o gild_v if_o it_o be_v as_o fine_a as_o a_o hair_n it_o be_v call_v gold_n ammoniac_a chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o seven_o colour_n in_o general_n i._o the_o chief_a whites_n be_v these_o spodium_fw-la ceruse_n white-lead_a spanish-white_a eggshell_n burn_v this_o colour_n be_v call_v in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d video_fw-la to_o see_v because_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d whiteness_n as_o aristotle_n say_v be_v the_o object_n of_o sight_n in_o latin_a albus_n from_o whence_o the_o alps_o have_v their_o name_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o continual_a whiteness_n with_o snow_n the_o spanish-white_a be_v thus_o make_v take_v fine_a chalk_n three_o ounce_n alom_n one_o ounce_n grind_v they_o together_o with_o fair_a water_n till_o it_o be_v like_o pap_n roll_n it_o up_o into_o ball_n which_o dry_v leisurely_o then_o put_v they_o into_o the_o fire_n till_o they_o be_v red_a hot_a take_v they_o out_o and_o let_v they_o cool_v it_o be_v the_o best_a white_a of_o all_o to_o garnish_v with_o be_v ground_n with_o weak_a gum-water_n ii_o the_o chief_a black_n be_v these_o hartshorn_n burn_v ivory_n burn_v cherry-stone_n burn_v lamp-black_a charcoal_n black_a in_o latin_a niger_n be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v dead_a because_o putrify_a and_o dead_a thing_n be_v general_o of_o that_o colour_n lamp-black_a be_v the_o smoke_n of_o a_o link_n torch_n or_o lamp_n gather_v together_o iii_o the_o chief_a red_n be_v these_o vermilion_n red-lead_a indian-lake_n red-ochre_n it_o be_v call_v in_o latin_a ruber_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d à_fw-la corticibus_fw-la vel_fw-la granis_fw-la mali_fw-la punical_a from_o the_o rind_n or_o seed_n of_o pomegranate_n as_o scaliger_n say_v iv_o the_o chief_a green_n be_v these_o green_a bice_n verdegriese_n verditure_n sapgreen_n this_o colour_n be_v call_v in_o latin_a viridis_fw-la from_fw-la vires_fw-la in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d grass_n or_o green_a berb_n which_o be_v of_o this_o colour_n v._o the_o chief_a yellow_n be_v these_o orpiment_n masticot_n saffron_n pink_v yellow_a ochre_n de_fw-fr luce_fw-fr this_o colour_n be_v call_v in_o latin_a flavus_n luteus_fw-la in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v homer_n be_v epithet_n for_o menelaus_n where_o he_o call_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d vi_o the_o chief_a blews_n be_v ultramarine_a indigo_n smalt_n blue_a bice_n this_o colour_n be_v call_v in_o latin_a caeruleus_fw-la in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d à_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o name_n of_o a_o stone_n which_o yield_v ultramarine_a vii_o the_o chief_a browns_n be_v umber_n spanish-brown_a colens_fw-la earth_n it_o be_v call_v in_o latin_a fuscus_n quasi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o darken_v the_o light_n in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d chap._n xviii_o of_o colour_n in_o particular_a i._o ceruse_n grind_v it_o with_o glair_a of_o egg_n and_o it_o will_v make_v a_o most_o perfect_a white_a ii_o white-lead_a grind_v it_o with_o a_o weak_a water_n of_o gum-lake_n and_o let_v it_o stand_v three_o or_o four_o day_n after_o which_o if_o you_o mix_v with_o it_o roset_n and_o vermilion_n it_o make_v a_o fair_a carnation_n iii_o spanish-white_a it_o be_v the_o best_a white_a of_o all_o to_o garnish_v with_o ground_n with_o weak_a gum-water_n iv_o lamp_n black_a ground_n with_o gum-water_n it_o make_v a_o good_a black_a v._o vermilion_n grind_v it_o with_o the_o glair_a of_o a_o egg_n and_o in_o the_o grind_n put_v a_o little_a clarify_a honey_n to_o make_v its_o colour_n bright_a and_o perfect_a vi_o sinaper-lake_n it_o make_v a_o deep_a and_o beautiful_a red_a or_o rather_o purple_a almost_o like_a unto_o a_o red-rose_a grind_v it_o with_o gum-lake_n and_o turnsole_n water_n if_o you_o will_v have_v it_o light_n add_v a_o little_a ceruse_n and_o it_o will_v make_v it_o a_o bright_a crimson_n if_o to_o diaper_n add_v only_a turnsole_n water_n vii_o red-lead_a grind_v it_o with_o some_o saffron_n and_o stiff_a gum-lake_n for_o the_o saffron_n make_v it_o orient_a and_o of_o a_o marigold_n colour_n viii_o turnsole_n lay_v it_o in_o a_o saucer_n of_o vinegar_n and_o set_v it_o over_o a_o chafing-dish_n of_o coal_n let_v it_o boil_v then_o take_v it_o off_o and_o wring_v it_o into_o a_o shell_n add_v a_o little_a gum-arabic_n let_v it_o stand_v till_o it_o be_v dissolve_v it_o be_v good_a to_o shadow_v carnation_n and_o all_o yellow_n ix_o roset_n grind_v it_o with_o brazil-water_n and_o it_o will_v make_v a_o deep_a purple_a put_v ceruse_n to_o it_o and_o it_o will_v be_v light_a grind_v it_o with_o litmose_n and_o it_o will_v make_v a_o fair_a violet_n x._o spanish_n brown_a grind_v it_o with_o brazil-water_n mingle_v it_o with_o ceruse_n and_o it_o make_v a_o horseflesh_n colour_n xi_o bole_n ammoniac_a it_o be_v a_o faint_a colour_n its_o chief_a use_n be_v in_o make_v size_n for_o burnish_a gold_n xii_o greenbice_n order_v it_o as_o you_o do_v blue_a bice_n when_o it_o be_v moist_a and_o not_o through_o dry_a you_o may_v diaper_n upon_o it_o with_o the_o water_n of_o deep_a green_a xiii_o verdegriese_n grind_v it_o with_o juice_n of_o rue_n and_o a_o little_a weak_a gum-water_n and_o you_o will_v have_v a_o most_o pure_a green_n if_o you_o will_v diaper_n with_o it_o grind_v it_o with_o lie_n of_o rue_n or_o else_o the_o decoction_n thereof_o and_o there_o will_v be_v a_o hoary_a green_a diaper_n upon_o verdegriese_n green_a with_o sapgreen_a also_o verdegriese_n ground_n with_o white_a tartar_n and_o then_o temper_v with_o gum-water_n give_v a_o most_o perfect_a green_a fourteen_o verditure_n grind_v it_o with_o a_o weak_a gum-arabic_n water_n it_o be_v the_o faint_v green_a that_o be_v but_o be_v good_a to_o lay_v upon_o black_a in_o any_o kind_n of_o drapery_n xv._o sap-green_n lay_v it_o in_o sharp_a vinegar_n all_o night_n put_v it_o into_o a_o little_a alom_n to_o raise_v its_o colour_n and_o you_o will_v have_v a_o good_a green_a to_o diaper_n upon_o other_o green_n xvi_o orpiment_n arsenicum_fw-la or_o auripigmentum_fw-la grind_v it_o with_o a_o stiff_a water_n of_o gum-lake_n because_o it_o be_v the_o best_a colour_n of_o itself_o it_o will_v lie_v upon_o no_o green_a for_o all_o green_n white_a

it_o which_o when_o dry_a burnish_v it_o vi_o to_o diaper_n on_o gold_n or_o silver_n you_o must_v diaper_n on_o gold_n with_o lake_n and_o yellow_a ochre_n but_o upon_o silver_n with_o ceruse_n vii_o aurum_fw-la musicum_fw-la take_v fine_a crystal_n orpiment_n of_o each_o one_o ounce_n beat_v each_o several_o into_o a_o fine_a powder_n then_o grind_v they_o together_o well_o with_o glair_n you_o may_v write_v with_o it_o with_o pen_n or_o pencil_n and_o your_o letter_n or_o draught_n will_v be_v of_o a_o good_a gold_n colour_n chap._n xxii_o of_o prepare_v the_o colour_n i._o colour's_n according_a to_o their_o nature_n have_v each_o a_o particular_a way_n of_o preparation_n to_o wit_n by_o grind_v wash_a or_o steep_v ii_o the_o chief_a colour_n to_o be_v ground_n be_v these_o white_a lead_n ceruse_n sinaper_n lake_n ochre_n pink_n indigo_n umber_n colens_fw-la earth_n spanish_a brown_n ivory_n black_a cherry-stone_n black_n iii_o the_o chief_a colour_n to_o be_v wash_v be_v red_a lead_n masticot_n green_a bice_n cedar_n green_a ultramarine_a blue_a bice_n smalt_n verditure_n iv_o the_o chief_a colour_n to_o be_v steep_v be_v sap-green_n saffron_n turnsole_n stone_n blue_a venice_n berry_n v._o to_o grind_v colour_n take_v the_o colour_n you_o will_v grind_v and_o scrape_v off_o from_o it_o all_o the_o filth_n then_o lay_v it_o upon_o the_o stone_n and_o with_o the_o mull_a bruise_v it_o a_o little_a then_o put_v thereto_o a_o little_a spring_n water_n and_o grind_v all_o together_o very_o well_o till_o the_o colour_n be_v very_o fine_a which_o do_v pour_v it_o out_o into_o certain_a hollow_n or_o furrow_n cut_v in_o chalk-stone_n and_o there_o let_v it_o lie_v till_o it_o be_v dry_a which_o reserve_v in_o paper_n or_o glass_n vi_o to_o wash_v colour_n put_v the_o colour_n into_o a_o glaze_v vessel_n and_o put_v thereto_o fair_a water_n plentiful_o wash_v it_o well_o and_o decant_v after_o a_o while_n the_o water_n do_v this_o six_o or_o seven_o time_n at_o last_o put_v the_o water_n be_v just_o trouble_v into_o another_o glaze_v vessel_n leave_v the_o dregs_o at_o bottom_n then_o into_o this_o second_o vessel_n put_v more_o fair_a water_n wash_v it_o as_o before_o till_o the_o water_n be_v settle_v be_v clear_a and_o the_o colour_n remain_v fine_a at_o bottom_n we_o have_v teach_v another_o way_n at_o the_o twenty_o four_o section_n of_o the_o eighteen_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n vii_o to_o steep_a colour_n take_v a_o quantity_n thereof_o and_o put_v it_o into_o a_o shell_n and_o fill_v the_o shell_n with_o fair_a water_n to_o which_o add_v some_o fine_a powder_n of_o alom_n to_o raise_v the_o colour_n let_v it_o thus_o steep_a a_o day_n and_o night_n and_o you_o will_v have_v a_o good_a colour_n where_o note_n saffron_n steep_v in_o vinegar_n give_v a_o good_a colour_n and_o the_o venice_n berry_n in_o fair_a water_n and_o a_o little_a alom_n or_o a_o drop_n or_o two_o of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n make_v a_o fair_a yellow_a viii_o to_o temper_v the_o colour_n take_v a_o little_a of_o any_o colour_n and_o put_v it_o into_o a_o clean_a shell_n and_o add_v thereto_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o gum_n water_n and_o with_o your_o finger_n work_v it_o about_o the_o shell_n then_o let_v it_o dry_v when_o dry_a touch_v it_o with_o your_o finger_n if_o any_o colour_n come_v off_o you_o must_v add_v strong_a gum_n water_n but_o be_v dry_a if_o the_o colour_n glister_n or_o shine_v it_o be_v a_o sign_n there_o be_v too_o much_o gum_n in_o it_o which_o you_o may_v remedy_v by_o put_v in_o fair_a water_n ix_o to_o help_v the_o defect_n some_o colour_n as_o lake_n umber_n and_o other_o which_o be_v hard_a will_v crack_v when_o they_o be_v dry_a in_o this_o case_n in_o temper_v they_o add_v a_o little_a white_a sugar_n candy_n in_o very_o fine_a powder_n which_o mix_v with_o the_o colour_n and_o fair_a water_n in_o the_o shell_n till_o the_o sugar_n candy_n be_v dissolve_v x._o these_o colour_n umber_n spanish_a brown_a colen_n earth_n cherry-stone_n and_o ivory_n black_a be_v to_o be_v burn_v before_o they_o be_v ground_n or_o wash_v xi_o to_o burn_v or_o calcine_v colour_n this_o be_v do_v in_o a_o crucible_n cover_v the_o mouth_n thereof_o with_o clay_n and_o set_v it_o in_o a_o hot_a fire_n till_o you_o be_v sure_a it_o be_v red_a hot_a through_o which_o do_v be_v cold_a wash_v or_o grind_v it_o as_o aforesaid_a xii_o to_o prepare_v shadow_n for_o colour_n white_a be_v shade_v with_o black_a and_o contrariwise_o yellow_a with_o umber_n and_o the_o oker_n vermilion_n with_o lake_n blue_a bice_n with_o indie_n black_a coal_n with_o roset_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o manual_a instrument_n i._o the_o manual_a instrument_n be_v four_o by_o the_o second_o section_n of_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n to_o wit_n the_o grind_n stone_n and_o muller_n pencil_n table_n to_o limn_v on_o and_o shell_n or_o little_a glass_n or_o china_n dish_n ii_o the_o grind_v stone_n may_v be_v of_o porphury_a serpentine_a or_o marble_n but_o rather_o a_o pibble_n for_o that_o be_v the_o best_a of_o all_o other_o the_o muller_n only_o of_o pebble_n which_o keep_v very_o clean_o these_o may_v be_v easy_o get_v of_o marbler_n or_o stone-cutter_n in_o london_n iii_o choose_v your_o pencil_n thus_o by_o their_o fastness_n in_o the_o quill_n and_o their_o sharp_a point_n after_o you_o have_v draw_v or_o wet_v they_o in_o your_o mouth_n two_o or_o three_o time_n so_o that_o although_o large_a yet_o their_o point_n will_v come_v to_o as_o small_a as_o a_o hair_n which_o then_o be_v good_a but_o if_o they_o spread_v or_o have_v any_o extravagant_a hair_n they_o be_v naught_o to_o wash_v your_o pencil_n after_o use_v they_o rub_v the_o end_n of_o they_o well_o with_o soap_n then_o lay_v they_o a_o while_n in_o warm_a water_n to_o steep_v then_o take_v they_o out_o and_o wash_v they_o well_o in_o other_o fair_a water_n v._o to_o prepare_v the_o table_n it_o must_v be_v make_v of_o pure_a fine_a paste-board_n such_o as_o card_n be_v make_v of_o of_o what_o thickness_n you_o please_v very_o fine_o slick_v and_o glaze_v take_v a_o piece_n of_o this_o paste-board_n of_o the_o bigness_n you_o intend_v the_o picture_n and_o a_o piece_n of_o the_o fine_a and_o white_a parchment_n you_o can_v get_v virgin_n parchment_n which_o cut_v of_o equal_a bigness_n with_o the_o past_a board_n with_o thin_a white_a new_a make_v starch_n past_o the_o parchment_n to_o the_o paste-board_n with_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o skin_n outwardmost_fw-mi lay_v on_o the_o starch_n very_o thin_a and_o even_a then_o the_o grind_a stone_n be_v clean_o lay_v the_o card_n thereon_o with_o the_o parchment_n side_n downward_o and_o as_o hard_o as_o you_o can_v rub_v the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o paste-board_n with_o a_o boar_n tooth_n set_v in_o a_o stick_n then_o let_v it_o be_v through_o dry_a and_o it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o work_v or_o limn_v any_o curious_a thing_n upon_o vi_o the_o shell_n hold_v or_o 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pinus_fw-la neque_fw-la impudica_fw-la colchis_n intulit_fw-la pedem_fw-la non_fw-la huc_fw-la sidonii_fw-la torserunt_fw-la cornua_fw-la nautae_fw-la laboriosa_fw-la nec_fw-la cohors_fw-la ulyssei_fw-la nulla_fw-la nocent_a pecori_fw-la contagia_fw-la nullius_fw-la astri_fw-la gregem_fw-la aeftuosa_fw-la torret_fw-la impotentia_fw-la jupiter_n illa_fw-la piae_fw-la secrevit_fw-la littora_fw-la genti_fw-la ut_fw-la inquinavit_fw-la aere_fw-la tempus_fw-la aureum_fw-la you_o noble_o spirit_n hence_o with_o woman_n tear_n sail_v from_o etruscan_n confine_v free_a from_o fear_n the_o earth_n encircle_v ocean_n we_o invite_v rich_a island_n field_n field_n blessed_v with_o all_o delight_n where_o land_n untilled_a be_v yearly_o fruitful_a see_v and_o the_o unpruned_a vine_n perpetual_a green_a still_o olive_n by_o the_o faithful_a branch_n be_v bear_v and_o mellow_a figgs_n their_o native_a tree_n adorn_v there_o milchy_a goat_n come_v free_o to_o the_o pail_n nor_o do_v glad_a flock_n 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of_o all_o the_o chief_a instrument_n and_o material_n the_o way_n and_o manner_n of_o work_v together_o with_o the_o beginning_n progress_n and_o end_v thereof_o exemplify_v in_o the_o paint_n of_o the_o ancient_n the_o wash_n of_o map_n globe_n or_o picture_n die_v of_o cloth_n silk_n horn_n bone_n wood_n glass_n stone_n and_o metal_n together_o with_o the_o gild_v and_o varnish_v thereof_o according_a to_o any_o purpose_n or_o intent_n chap._n i._o of_o paint_v in_o oil_n and_o the_o material_n thereof_o i._o paint_v in_o oil_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o work_n or_o art_n of_o limn_v perform_v with_o colour_n make_v up_o or_o mix_v with_o oil_n ii_o the_o material_n of_o paint_v be_v chief_v seven_o 1._o the_o easel_n 2._o the_o pallet_n 3._o the_o strain_v frame_n 4._o the_o prime_v cloth_n 5._o pencil_n 6._o the_o stay_v 7._o colour_n iii_o the_o easel_n be_v a_o frame_n make_v of_o wood_n much_o like_o a_o ladder_n with_o side_n flat_a and_o full_a of_o hole_n to_o put_v in_o 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rupture_n and_o various_a representation_n of_o infinite_o differ_v matter_n the_o manner_n whereof_o be_v abundant_o express_v in_o almost_o every_o landscape_a chap._n x._o of_o the_o various_a form_n or_o degree_n of_o colour_v i._o there_o be_v four_o various_a form_n or_o degree_n of_o colour_v viz._n 1._o of_o infant_n or_o child_n 2._o of_o virgin_n or_o fair_a woman_n 3._o naked_a body_n 5._o old_a or_o age_a body_n ii_o infant_n or_o young_a child_n be_v to_o be_v paint_v of_o a_o soft_a and_o delicate_a complexion_n the_o skin_n and_o ear_n of_o a_o ruddy_a and_o pleasant_a colour_n almost_o transparent_a which_o may_v be_v do_v with_o white_a lead_n lake_n and_o a_o little_a red_a lead_n shadow_v it_o thin_a faint_a and_o soft_a let_v the_o cheek_n lip_n chin_n finger_n knee_n and_o toe_n be_v more_o ruddy_a than_o other_o part_n make_v all_o their_o linen_n very_o fine_a thin_a and_o transparent_a or_o perspicuous_a with_o strong_a touch_n in_o the_o thick_a fold_n iii_o virgin_n and_o fair_a woman_n be_v as_o curious_o to_o be_v express_v as_o the_o former_a but_o their_o muscle_n be_v to_o be_v more_o apparent_a their_o shape_n more_o perfect_a and_o their_o shadow_n to_o be_v of_o a_o whitish_a yellow_a bluish_a and_o in_o some_o place_n almost_o purple_a but_o the_o most_o perfect_a and_o exquisite_a direction_n be_v the_o life_n which_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v follow_v than_o any_o thing_n deliver_v by_o rule_n iu._n naked_a body_n be_v to_o be_v paint_v strong_a lively_a and_o accurate_a exact_o match_v the_o respective_a pair_n of_o muscle_n and_o nerve_n fix_v each_o artery_n in_o its_o due_a and_o proper_a place_n give_v each_o limb_n its_o proper_a motion_n form_n and_o situation_n with_o its_o true_a and_o natural_a colour_n all_o which_o to_o do_v well_o may_v be_v the_o study_n and_o practice_n of_o almost_o one_o whole_a life_n v._o old_a or_o age_a body_n ought_v to_o be_v eminent_a for_o exact_v and_o curious_a shadow_n which_o may_v be_v make_v of_o pink_n lake_n and_o ivory_n black_a which_o make_v notable_a shadow_n in_o appearance_n like_o the_o wrinkle_n and_o furrow_n of_o the_o face_n and_o hand_n in_o extreme_a old_a age_n let_v the_o eye_n be_v dark_a the_o aspect_n melancholy_a the_o hair_n white_a or_o else_o the_o pate_n bald_a and_o all_o the_o remark_n of_o antiquity_n or_o age_n be_v very_o apparent_a and_o formidable_a vi_o but_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o aforegoing_a rule_n the_o posture_n or_o form_n of_o stand_v and_o be_v either_o of_o the_o whole_a body_n or_o any_o of_o its_o part_n ought_v diligent_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o life_n may_v be_v imitate_v in_o which_o it_o only_o lie_v in_o the_o breast_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o painter_n to_o set_v it_o off_o with_o such_o various_a colour_n as_o may_v best_o bend_v the_o respective_a complexion_n and_o accidental_a shadow_n of_o each_o accidental_a position_n or_o posture_n which_o be_v sometime_o more_o pale_a sometime_o more_o ruddy_a sometime_o more_o faint_a sometime_o more_o lively_a chap._n xi_o of_o frescoe_n or_o paint_v of_o wall_n i._o in_o paint_v upon_o wall_n to_o make_v it_o endure_v the_o weather_n you_o must_v grind_v your_o colour_n with_o lime_n water_n milk_n or_o whey_n mix_v in_o size_n colour_v pot_n ii_o the_o paste_n or_o plaster_n must_v be_v make_v of_o well_o wash_v lime_n mix_v with_o fine_a powder_n of_o old_a rubbish_n stone_n the_o lime_n must_v be_v so_o often_o wash_v till_o all_o its_o salt_n be_v obstract_v and_o all_o your_o work_n must_v be_v do_v in_o clear_a and_o dry_a weather_n iii_o to_o make_v the_o work_n endure_v strike_v into_o the_o wall_n stump_n of_o head_a nail_n about_o five_o or_o six_o inch_n asunder_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v you_o may_v preserve_v the_o plaster_n from_o peeling_a iv_o then_o with_o this_o paste_n plaster_v the_o wall_n a_o pretty_a thickness_n let_v it_o dry_a be_v dry_a plaster_v it_o over_o again_o about_o the_o thickness_n of_o half_a a_o barley_n corn_n very_o fine_a and_o smooth_a than_o your_o colour_n be_v ready_o prepare_v work_v this_o last_o plaster_v over_o while_o it_o be_v wet_a so_o will_v your_o paint_n unite_v and_o join_v fast_o to_o the_o plaster_n and_o dry_a together_o as_o a_o perfect_a compost_n v._o in_o paint_v be_v nimble_a and_o free_a let_v your_o work_n be_v bold_a and_o strong_a but_o be_v sure_a to_o be_v exact_a for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o alteration_n after_o the_o first_o paint_n and_o therefore_o heighten_v your_o paint_n enough_o at_o first_o you_o may_v deepen_v at_o pleasure_n vi_o all_o earthy_a colour_n be_v best_a as_o the_o oker_n spanish_a white_a spanish_a brown_a terre_fw-fr vert_fw-fr and_o the_o like_a mineral_n colour_n be_v naught_o vii_o last_o let_v your_o pencil_n and_o brush_n be_v long_a and_o soft_a otherwise_o your_o work_n will_v not_o be_v smooth_a let_v your_o colour_n be_v full_a and_o flow_v free_o from_o the_o pencil_n or_o brush_n and_o let_v your_o design_n be_v perfect_a at_o first_o for_o in_o this_o there_o be_v no_o after_o alteration_n to_o be_v make_v chap._n xii_o how_o the_o ancient_n depict_v their_o god_n and_o first_o of_o saturn_n in_o chap._n 18._o and_o 19_o lib._n 1._o and_o chap._n 12._o and_o 13._o lib._n 3_o we_o have_v something_o concise_o handle_v this_o matter_n but_o because_o we_o have_v be_v there_o exceed_o brief_a &_o that_o what_o we_o have_v there_o deliver_v be_v too_o strict_a for_o ordinary_a use_n or_o practice_n be_v indeed_o only_o the_o preparative_n or_o foundation_n for_o a_o large_a work_n we_o intend_v here_o in_o this_o four_o part_n to_o prosecute_v the_o same_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o to_o comprehend_v the_o various_a way_n of_o the_o ancients_n in_o depict_v their_o idol_n according_a to_o the_o

slick-stone_n size_n it_o over_o with_o size_n and_o a_o little_a honey_n and_o let_v it_o dry_v then_o white_a it_o over_o once_o with_o whiting_n and_o size_n mix_v with_o a_o little_a honey_n so_o be_v the_o cloth_n prepare_v on_o which_o you_o may_v draw_v the_o picture_n with_o a_o coal_n and_o last_o lie_v on_o the_o colour_n where_o note_n honey_n keep_v it_o from_o crack_v peeling_a or_o break_v out_o vii_o pencil_n be_v of_o all_o bigness_n from_o a_o pin_n to_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o finger_n call_v by_o several_a name_n as_o duck_n quill_n fitch_v and_o point_v goose_n quill_n fitch_v and_o point_v swan_n quill_n fitch_v and_o point_v jewelling_n pencil_n and_o bristle_v pencil_n some_o in_o quill_n some_o in_o tinn_n case_n and_o some_o in_o stick_n viii_o the_o stay_n or_o molstick_a be_v a_o brazil_n stick_v or_o the_o like_a of_o a_o yard_n long_o have_v at_o the_o one_o end_n thereof_o a_o little_a ball_n of_o cotton_n fix_v hard_o in_o a_o piece_n of_o leather_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o chestnut_n which_o when_o you_o be_v at_o work_n you_o must_v hold_v in_o your_o left_a hand_n and_o lay_v the_o end_n which_o have_v the_o leather_n ball_n upon_o the_o cloth_n or_o frame_v you_o may_v rest_v your_o right_a arm_n upon_o it_o whilst_o you_o be_v at_o work_n ix_o the_o colour_n be_v in_o number_n seven_o ut_fw-la suprà_fw-la to_o wit_n white_a black_a red_a green_n yellow_a blue_a and_o brown_n of_o which_o some_o may_v be_v temper_v on_o the_o pallet_n at_o first_o some_o must_v be_v ground_n and_o then_o temper_v and_o other_o some_o must_v be_v burn_v ground_n and_o last_o temper_v x._o to_o make_v the_o size_n for_o the_o primed_a cloth_n at_o the_o five_o section_n of_o this_o chapter_n take_v glue_v and_o boil_v it_o well_o in_o fair_a water_n till_o it_o be_v dissolve_v and_o it_o be_v do_v xi_o to_o make_v the_o whiting_n for_o the_o five_o section_n of_o this_o chapter_n take_v of_o the_o aforesaid_a size_n mix_v it_o with_o whiting_a ground_n and_o so_o white_a your_o board_n or_o cloth_n be_v make_v smooth_a dry_v they_o and_z white_z they_o a_o second_o or_o three_o time_n last_o scrape_v they_o smooth_a and_o draw_v it_o over_o with_o white_a lead_n temper_v with_o oil_n xii_o to_o keep_v the_o colour_n from_o skinning_n oil_n colour_n if_o not_o present_o use_v will_v have_v a_o skin_n grow_v over_o they_o to_o prevent_v which_o put_v they_o into_o a_o glass_n and_o put_v the_o glass_n three_o or_o four_o inch_n under_o water_n so_o will_v they_o neither_o skin_n nor_o dry_v xiii_o to_o cleanse_v the_o grind_n stone_n and_o pencil_n if_o the_o grind_a stone_n be_v foul_a grind_v currier_n shave_n upon_o it_o and_o then_o crumb_n of_o bread_n so_o will_v the_o filth_n come_v off_o if_o the_o pencil_n be_v foul_a dip_v the_o end_n of_o they_o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o squeeze_v they_o between_o your_o finger_n and_o they_o will_v be_v very_o clean_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o colour_n in_o general_n and_o their_o signification_n i._o the_o chief_a whites_n for_o paint_v in_o oil_n be_v white_z lead_v ceruse_n and_o spodium_n ii_o the_o chief_a black_n be_v lamp_n black_a seacoal_z black_a ivory_n black_a charcoal_n and_o earth_n of_o colen_n iii_o the_o chief_a red_n be_v vermilion_n sinaper_n lake_n red_a lead_n indian_a red_a ornotto_n iv_o the_o chief_a green_n be_v verdigriese_n terra_fw-la vert_fw-fr verditer_fw-la v._o the_o chief_a yellow_n be_v pink_n masticot_n english_a ochre_n spruce_a ochre_n orpiment_n vi_o the_o chief_a blews_n be_v blue_a bice_n indigo_n ultramarine_n smalt_n vii_o the_o chief_a browns_n be_v spanish_a brown_a burn_v spruce_a umber_n viii_o these_o colour_n lamp_n black_a verditer_fw-la vermilion_n bice_n smalt_n masticot_n orpiment_n ultramarine_a be_v not_o to_o be_v ground_n at_o all_o but_o only_o temper_v with_o oil_n upon_o the_o pallet_n ix_o these_o colour_n ivory_n ceruse_n ochre_n and_o umber_n be_v to_o be_v burn_v and_o then_o ground_n with_o oil_n x._o all_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o be_v ground_n upon_o the_o grind_n stone_n with_o linseed_n oil_n except_o white_a lead_n when_o it_o be_v to_o be_v use_v for_o linen_n which_o then_o be_v to_o be_v ground_n with_o oil_n of_o walnut_n for_o linseed_n oil_n will_v make_v it_o turn_v yellow_a and_o now_o since_o we_o be_v engage_v to_o treat_v of_o colour_n it_o may_v neither_o be_v unnecessary_a nor_o unuseful_a for_o the_o young_a artist_n to_o know_v their_o natural_a signification_n which_o take_v as_o follow_v xi_o blue_n signify_v truth_n faith_n and_o continue_a affection_n azure_a constancy_n violet_n a_o religious_a mind_n xii_o orange_n tawny_a signify_v pride_n also_o integrity_n tawny_a forsake_v limmon_n jealousy_n xiii_o green_n signify_v hope_n grass-green_a youth_n youthfulness_n and_o rejoice_v sea_n green_a inconstancy_n fourteen_o red_a signify_v justice_n virtue_n and_o defence_n flame-colour_n beauty_n and_o desire_n maidens-blush_a envy_n xv._o yellow_a signify_v jealousy_n perfect_a yellow_a joy_n honour_n and_o greatness_n of_o spirit_n gold-colour_n avarice_n xvi_o flesh-colour_n signify_v lasciviousness_n carnation_n craft_n subtilty_n and_o deceit_n purple_a fortitude_n and_o strength_n xvii_o willow-colour_n signify_v forsake_v popingjaygreen_n wantonness_n peach-colour_n love_n xviii_o white_a signify_v death_n milkwhite_a innocency_n purity_n truth_n integrity_n black_a wisdom_n sobriety_n and_o mourn_v xix_o straw-colour_n signify_v plenty_n rust_v of_o iron_n witheredness_n ermine_n religion_n and_o holiness_n xx._n the_o white_a black_a red_a and_o green_a be_v colour_n hold_v sacred_a in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n white_n be_v wear_v in_o the_o festival_n of_o virgin_n saint_n confessor_n and_o angel_n to_o show_v their_o innocency_n red_a in_o the_o solemnity_n of_o the_o apostle_n and_o martyr_n of_o jesus_n black_a in_o lent_n and_o other_o fast_v day_n green_n be_v wear_v between_o the_o epiphany_n and_o sepivagesima_fw-la and_o between_o pentecost_n and_o advent_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o fit_a of_o colour_n for_o paint_v i._o upon_o the_o pallet_n dispose_v the_o several_a colour_n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n that_o they_o may_v not_o intermix_v first_o lay_v on_o the_o vermilion_n than_o the_o lake_n than_o the_o burn_a ochre_n than_o the_o india_n red_a pink_n umber_n black_a and_o smalt_n each_o in_o their_o order_n and_o lay_v the_o white_a next_o to_o your_o thumb_n because_o it_o be_v often_o use_v for_o with_o it_o all_o shadow_n be_v to_o be_v lighten_v and_o next_o the_o white_a a_o stiff_a sort_n of_o lake_n thus_o be_v the_o pallet_n furnish_v with_o single_a colour_n for_o a_o face_n now_o to_o temper_v they_o for_o shadow_v various_a complexion_n do_v thus_o ii_o for_o a_o fair_a complexion_n take_v white_a one_o drachm_n vermilion_n lake_n of_o each_o two_o drachm_n temper_v they_o and_o lay_v they_o aside_o for_o the_o deep_a carnation_n of_o the_o face_n to_o part_v of_o the_o aforesaid_a mixture_n put_v a_o little_a more_o white_a for_o a_o light_a carnation_n and_o to_o part_v of_o that_o put_v more_o white_a which_o temper_n on_o the_o pallet_n for_o the_o light_a colour_n of_o the_o face_n iii_o the_o faint_a shadow_n for_o the_o fair_a complexion_n take_v smalt_n and_o a_o little_a white_a for_o the_o eye_n to_o part_v of_o that_o add_v a_o little_a pink_n and_o temper_n by_o itself_o for_o faint_a greenish_a shadow_n in_o the_o face_n iv_o the_o deep_a shadow_n for_o the_o same_o take_v sinaper_n lake_n pink_n and_o black_a of_o each_o which_o temper_n together_o if_o the_o shadow_n ought_v to_o be_v red_a than_o what_o be_v temper_v add_v more_o lake_n if_o yellow_a add_v more_o pink_a if_o blewer_n or_o grayer_n add_v more_o black_a thus_o shall_v the_o pallet_n be_v fit_v with_o colour_n v._o for_o a_o brown_a or_o swart_a complexion_n the_o fingle_a colour_n be_v lay_v on_o the_o pallet_n as_o before_o and_o temper_v to_o the_o white_a lake_n and_o vermilion_a put_v a_o little_a burn_a ochre_n for_o a_o tawny_a and_o for_o heighten_v add_v some_o yellow_a ochre_n so_o much_o as_o may_v just_o change_v the_o colour_n the_o faint_a and_o deep_a shadow_n be_v the_o same_o at_o the_o three_o and_o four_o section_n of_o this_o chapter_n vi_o for_o a_o tawny_a complexion_n the_o colour_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a but_o the_o shadow_n be_v different_a which_o must_v be_v make_v of_o burn_a ochre_n and_o umber_n which_o will_v fit_v well_o if_o the_o shadow_n be_v not_o yellow_a enough_o add_v a_o little_a pink_n to_o it_o vii_o for_o a_o black_a complexion_n the_o dark_a shadow_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a but_o for_o heighten_v take_v white_a black_a lake_n and_o burn_a ochre_n in_o temper_v of_o which_o put_v in_o the_o white_a by_o degree_n till_o you_o come_v to_o the_o light_a of_o

colour_a mantle_n a_o chaplet_n of_o red_a and_o white_a rose_n natural_a affection_n in_o citron_n colour_n envy_n in_o a_o discolour_a green_a garment_n full_a of_o eye_n ix_o joy_n in_o a_o green_a robe_n and_o a_o mantle_n of_o divers_a colour_n embroider_v with_o flower_n a_o garland_n of_o myrtle_n in_o her_o right_a hand_n a_o crystal_n cruise_n in_o her_o left_a a_o golden_a cup_n pleasure_n in_o light_a garment_n trim_v with_o silver_n and_o gold_n laughter_n in_o several_a colour_n x._o wit_n in_o a_o discolour_a mantle_n jollity_n in_o flame_n colour_n pastime_n in_o purple_a trim_v with_o gold_n xi_o opinion_n in_o black_a velvet_n black_a cap_n with_o a_o white_a fall_n impudence_n in_o a_o party_n colour_a garment_n audacity_n in_o blush_n colour_n xii_o honour_n in_o a_o purple_a robe_n wrought_v with_o gold_n liberty_n in_o white_a safety_n in_o carnation_n chap._n xvii_o of_o colour_n for_o paint_v glass_n i._o yellow_a take_v a_o very_a thin_a piece_n of_o pure_a fine_a silver_n and_o dip_v it_o into_o melt_a brimstone_n take_v it_o out_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o plyer_n and_o light_v it_o in_o the_o fire_n hold_v it_o till_o it_o leave_v burn_v then_o beat_v it_o to_o powder_n in_o a_o brazen_a mortar_n then_o grind_v it_o with_o gum_n arabic_a water_n and_o a_o little_a yellow_a ochre_n ii_o yellow_a take_v fine_a silver_n one_o drachm_n antimony_n in_o powder_n two_o drachm_n put_v they_o in_o a_o hot_a fire_n in_o a_o crucible_n for_o half_a a_o hour_n and_o then_o cast_v it_o into_o a_o brassmortar_n and_o beat_v it_o into_o powder_n to_o which_o add_v yellow_a ochre_n six_o drachm_n old_a earth_n of_o rusty_a iron_n seven_o drachm_n grind_v all_o well_o together_o this_o be_v fair_a than_o the_o former_a iii_o white_n this_o be_v the_o colour_n of_o the_o glass_n itself_o you_o may_v diaper_n upon_o it_o with_o other_o glass_n or_o crystal_a ground_n to_o powder_n iu_o black_n take_v jet_n and_o scales_n of_o iron_n and_o with_o a_o wet_a feather_n take_v up_o the_o scale_n that_o fly_v from_o the_o iron_n after_o the_o smith_n have_v take_v his_o heat_n grind_v they_o with_o gum_n water_n v._o black_n take_v iron_n scale_n copper_n scale_n of_o each_o one_o drachm_n heat_v they_o red_a hot_a in_o a_o clean_a fire_n shovel_n then_o take_v jet_v half_o a_o drachm_n first_o grind_v they_o small_a and_o temper_v they_o with_o gum_n water_n vi_o red._n take_v sanguis_n draconis_fw-la in_o powder_n put_v to_o it_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n cover_v it_o close_o a_o little_a while_n and_o it_o will_v grow_v tender_a wring_v it_o out_o into_o a_o pot_n that_o the_o dross_n may_v remain_v in_o the_o cloth_n the_o clear_a preserve_v for_o use_v this_o be_v a_o fair_a red_a vii_o carnation_n take_v tin_n glass_n one_o ounce_n jet_n three_o ounce_n red_a ochre_n five_o ounce_n gum_n two_o drachm_n grind_v they_o together_o it_o be_v a_o fair_a carnation_n viii_o carnation_n take_v jet_n four_o drachm_n tin_n glass_n or_o litharge_n of_o silver_n two_o drachm_n gum_n and_o scale_n of_o iron_n of_o each_o one_o drachm_n red_a chalk_n one_o ounce_n grind_v they_o ix_o green_n take_v verdigriese_n and_o grind_v it_o well_o with_o turpentine_n and_o put_v it_o into_o a_o pot_n warm_v it_o at_o the_o fire_n when_o you_o use_v it_o x._o blue_n provide_v the_o clear_a lead_v you_o can_v get_v of_o that_o colour_n beat_v they_o to_o powder_v in_o a_o brazen_a mortar_n take_v goldsmith_n amel_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n clear_a and_o transparent_a grind_v each_o by_o itself_o take_v two_o part_n of_o lead_n and_o one_o of_o amel_n grind_v they_o together_o as_o you_o do_v the_o silver_n the_o same_o understand_v of_o red_a and_o green_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o way_n of_o paint_v upon_o glass_n i._o there_o be_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n of_o paint_v upon_o glass_n the_o one_o be_v for_o oil_n colour_n the_o other_o for_o such_o colour_n as_o be_v afterward_o to_o be_v anneal_v or_o burn_v on_o ii_o to_o lay_v oil_n colour_n upon_o glass_n you_o must_v first_o grind_v they_o with_o gum_n water_n once_o and_o afterward_o temper_v it_o with_o spanish_a turpentine_n lay_v it_o on_o and_o let_v it_o dry_a by_o the_o fire_n and_o it_o be_v smish_v iii_o to_o anneal_a or_o burn_v your_o glass_n to_o make_v the_o colour_n abide_v you_o must_v make_v a_o four_o square_a brick_n furnace_n eighteen_o inch_n broad_a and_o deep_a lay_v five_o or_o six_o cross_a iron_n bar_v on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o raise_v the_o furnace_n eighteen_o inch_n above_o the_o bar_n then_o lay_v a_o plate_n of_o iron_n over_o the_o bar_n sift_v through_o a_o five_o a_o lay_n of_o slack_v lime_n over_o the_o plate_n upon_o which_o lie_v a_o row_n of_o glass_n upon_o that_o a_o bed_n of_o lime_n and_o upon_o that_o lime_n another_o row_n of_o glass_n thus_o continue_v stratum_fw-la super_fw-la stratum_fw-la till_o the_o furnace_n be_v full_a iv_o lay_v also_o with_o every_o bed_n of_o glass_n a_o piece_n of_o glass_n which_o you_o may_v wipe_v over_o with_o any_o colour_n these_o be_v call_v watch_n and_o when_o you_o think_v your_o glass_n be_v burn_v enough_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o plyer_n take_v out_o the_o first_o and_o low_a watch_n and_o lay_v it_o on_o a_o board_n and_o be_v cold_a try_v if_o you_o can_v scrape_v off_o the_o colour_n if_o it_o hold_v fast_o on_o take_v out_o that_o row_n always_o let_v it_o abide_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o colour_n will_v not_o scrape_v off_o chap._n xix_o of_o wash_v and_o the_o material_n thereof_o i._o by_o wash_v here_o we_o intend_v nothing_o else_o but_o either_o to_o set_v out_o map_n or_o print_a picture_n in_o proper_a colour_n or_o else_o to_o varnish_v they_o ii_o the_o instrument_n and_o material_n of_o wash_v be_v chief_v six_o to_o wit_n i._o alomwater_n 2._o size_n 3._o liquid_a gold_n 4._o pencil_n 5._o colour_n 6._o varnish_v iii_o to_o make_v alom_n water_n take_v alom_n eight_o ounce_n sair_a water_n a_o quart_n boil_v they_o till_o the_o alom_n be_v dissolve_v iv_o to_o make_v size_n take_v glue_v which_o steep_a all_o night_n in_o water_n then_o melt_v it_o over_o the_o fire_n to_o see_v that_o it_o be_v neither_o too_o strong_a nor_o too_o weak_a then_o let_v a_o little_a of_o it_o cool_v if_o it_o be_v too_o stiff_o when_o it_o be_v cold_a put_v more_o water_n to_o it_o if_o too_o weak_a more_o glue_v use_v it_o lukewarm_a v._o liquid_a gold_n it_o be_v exact_o make_v by_o the_o first_o section_n of_o the_o 21_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n vi_o pencil_n be_v to_o be_v of_o all_o sort_n both_o fitch_v and_o point_v as_o also_o a_o large_a pencil_n brush_n to_o past_a map_n upon_o cloth_n another_o to_o wet_v the_o paper_n with_o alom_n water_n a_o three_o to_o starch_v the_o face_n of_o the_o picture_n withal_o before_o it_o be_v colour_v and_o a_o four_o to_o varnish_v withal_o vii_o the_o colour_n be_v the_o same_o with_o those_o which_o we_o mention_v in_o chap._n 17._o lib._n 2._o to_o which_o add_v 1._o of_o black_a printer_n black_a frankford_n black_a 2._o of_o red_a vermilion_n rosset_n 3._o of_o blue_n verditure_n litmos_n flory_n 4._o of_o yellow_a cambogia_n yellow_a berry_n orpiment_n 5._o brazil_n logwood_n ground_n and_o turnsole_n cochenele_n mad_a chap._n xx._n of_o colour_n simple_a for_o wash_v i._o printer_n black_a vermilion_n rosset_n verditure_n and_o orpiment_n be_v to_o be_v ground_n as_o we_o have_v teach_v at_o the_o five_o section_n of_o the_o 22_o chapter_n of_o the_o fecond_a book_n ii_o brazil_n to_o some_o ground_n brazil_n put_v small_a beer_n and_o vinegar_n of_o each_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n let_v it_o boil_v gentle_o a_o good_a while_n then_o put_v therein_o alom_n in_o powder_n to_o heighten_v the_o colour_n and_o some_o gum_n arabic_a to_o bind_v it_o boil_v it_o till_o it_o taste_v strong_a on_o the_o tongue_n and_o make_v a_o good_a red_a iii_o logwood_n ground_n logwood_n boil_v as_o brazil_n make_v a_o very_a fair_a transparent_a purple_a colour_n iv_o cochenele_n steep_v as_o brazil_n be_v boil_v make_v a_o fair_a transparent_a purple_a as_o thus_o take_v cochenele_n and_o put_v it_o into_o the_o strong_a soap_n lees_n to_o steep_v and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o fair_a purple_a which_o you_o may_v lighten_v or_o deepen_v at_o pleasure_n v._o mad_a take_v mad_a four_a drachm_n ground_n brazil_n one_o ounce_n rain_v water_n a_o quart_n boil_v away_o a_o three_o part_n then_o add_v alom_n half_a a_o ounce_n boil_v it_o to_o a_o pint_n then_o gum_n arabic_a one_o ounce_n which_o boil_v till_o it_o be_v dissolve_v cool_v it_o stir_v it_o often_o and_o strain_v it_o for_o use_n it_o be_v a_o good_a scarlet_a die_n for_o leather_n vi_o verdigriese_n

it_o ii_o to_o lay_v gold_n on_o glass_n take_v chalk_n and_o red_a lead_n of_o each_o alike_o grind_v they_o together_o and_o temper_v they_o with_o linseed_n oil_n lay_v it_o on_o and_o when_o it_o be_v almost_o dry_a lay_v leaf_n gold_n on_o it_o let_v it_o dry_v then_o polish_v it_o iii_o to_o gild_v iron_n with_o a_o water_n take_v spring_n water_n three_o pound_n roch_n alom_n three_o ounce_n roman_a vitriol_n orpiment_n one_o ounce_n verdigriese_n twenty_o four_o grain_n sal_fw-la gem_n three_o ounce_n boil_v all_o together_o and_o when_o it_o begin_v to_o boil_v put_v in_o tartar_n and_o bay_a salt_n of_o each_o half_n a_o ounce_n continue_v the_o boil_a a_o good_a while_n then_o take_v it_o from_o the_o fire_n strike_v the_o iron_n over_o therewith_o dry_v it_o against_o the_o fire_n and_o burnish_v it_o iv_o to_o lay_v gold_n on_o iron_n or_o other_o metal_n take_v liquid_a varnish_n one_o pound_n oil_n of_o linseed_n and_o turpentine_n of_o each_o one_o ounce_n mix_v they_o well_o together_o strike_v this_o over_o any_o metal_n and_o afterward_o lie_v on_o the_o gold_n or_o silver_n and_o when_o it_o be_v dry_a polish_v it_o v._o to_o gilled_a silver_n or_o brass_n with_o gold_n water_n take_v quicksilver_n two_o ounce_n put_v it_o on_o the_o fire_n in_o a_o crucible_n and_o when_o it_o begin_v to_o smoke_n put_v into_o it_o a_o angel_n of_o fine_a gold_n then_o take_v it_o off_o immediate_o for_o the_o gold_n will_v be_v present_o dissolve_v then_o if_o it_o be_v too_o thin_a strain_v a_o part_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n from_o it_o through_o a_o piece_n of_o fustian_n this_o do_v rub_v the_o gold_n and_o quicksilver_n upon_o brass_n or_o silver_n and_o it_o will_v cleave_v unto_o it_o than_o put_v the_o say_a brass_n or_o silver_n upon_o quick_a coal_n till_o it_o begin_v to_o smoke_n then_o take_v it_o from_o the_o fire_n and_o scratch_v it_o with_o a_o hair_n brush_n this_o do_v so_o long_o till_o all_o the_o mercury_n be_v rub_v as_o clean_o off_o as_o may_v be_v and_o the_o gold_n appear_v of_o a_o faint_a yellow_a which_o colour_n heighten_v with_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a bole_n and_o verdigriese_n ground_n together_o and_o temper_v with_o water_n where_o note_n that_o before_o you_o gild_v your_o metal_n you_o must_v boil_v it_o with_o tartar_n in_o beer_n or_o water_n then_o scratch_v it_o with_o a_o wire_n brush_n vi_o another_o water_n to_o gild_v iron_n steel_n knife_n sword_n and_o armour_n with_o take_v firestone_n in_o powder_n put_v it_o into_o strong_a red_a wine_n vinegar_n for_o twenty_o four_o hour_n boil_v it_o in_o a_o glaze_v pot_n add_v more_o vinegar_n as_o it_o evaporate_v or_o boil_v away_o into_o this_o water_n dip_v your_o iron_n steel_n etc._n etc._n and_o it_o will_v be_v black_a dry_v it_o then_o polish_v it_o and_o you_o will_v have_v a_o gold_n colour_n underneath_o vii_o another_o water_n to_o gild_v iron_n with_o take_v salt_n peter_n roch-alom_a burn_v of_o each_o half_n a_o ounce_n sal-armoniack_a a_o ounce_n all_o be_v in_o fine_a powder_n boil_v with_o strong_a vinegar_n in_o a_o copper_n vessel_n with_o which_o wet_v the_o iron_n etc._n etc._n then_o lay_v on_o leaf_n gold_n viii_o another_o water_n to_o gild_v iron_n with_o take_v roch-alom_a and_o grind_v it_o with_o boy_n urine_n till_o it_o be_v well_o dissolve_v with_o which_o anoint_v the_o iron_n heat_v it_o red_a hot_a in_o a_o fire_n of_o wood_n coal_n and_o it_o will_v be_v like_o gold_n ix_o to_o gild_v book_n take_v bole_n ammoniac_a four_o peny-weight_n sugar-candy_n one_o peny-weight_n mix_v and_o grind_v they_o with_o glair_a of_o egg_n then_o on_o a_o bind_v book_n while_o in_o the_o press_n after_o it_o have_v be_v smear_v with_o glair_a of_o egg_n and_o be_v dry_v smear_v the_o say_a composition_n let_v it_o dry_v then_o rub_v it_o well_o and_o polish_v it_o then_o with_o fair_a water_n wet_v the_o edge_n of_o the_o book_n and_o sudden_o lay_v on_o the_o gold_n press_v it_o down_o with_o cotton_n gentle_o this_o do_v let_v it_o dry_v and_o then_o polish_v it_o exact_o with_o a_o tooth_n x._o another_o way_n of_o gild_v iron_n take_v water_n three_o pound_n alom_n two_o ounce_n sal_fw-la gem_n three_o ounce_n vitriol_n roman_n orpiment_n of_o each_o one_o ounce_n flos_fw-la aeris_fw-la twenty_o four_o grain_n boil_v all_o with_o tartar_n and_o salt_n as_o at_o the_o three_o section_n xi_o to_o make_v iron_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o gold_n take_v linseed_n oil_n three_o ounce_n tartar_n two_o ounce_n yolk_n of_o egg_n boil_v hard_a and_o beat_v two_o ounce_n aloe_n half_a a_o ounce_n saffron_n five_o grain_n turmerick_n two_o grain_n boil_v all_o in_o a_o earthen_a vessel_n and_o with_o the_o oil_n anoint_v iron_n and_o it_o will_v look_v like_o gold_n if_o there_o be_v not_o linseed_n oil_n enough_o you_o may_v put_v in_o more_o xii_o a_o golden_a liquor_n to_o colour_n iron_n wood_n glass_n or_o bone_n with_o take_v a_o new_a lay_v egg_n through_o a_o hole_n at_o one_o end_n take_v out_o the_o white_a and_o fill_v up_o the_o egg_n with_o quicksilver_n two_o part_n sal-armoniack_a fine_o powder_v one_o part_n mix_v they_o all_o together_o with_o a_o wire_n or_o little_a stick_n stop_v the_o hole_n with_o melt_a wax_n over_o which_o put_v a_o half_a eggshell_n digest_v in_o horse_n dung_n for_o a_o month_n and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o fine_a golden_a colour_a liquor_n xiii_o to_o gild_v silk_n and_o linen_n take_v glue_n make_v of_o parchment_n lay_v it_o on_o the_o linen_n or_o silk_n etc._n etc._n gentle_o that_o it_o may_v not_o sink_v then_o take_v ceruse_n bole_n and_o verdigriese_n of_o each_o alike_o mix_v and_o grind_v they_o upon_o a_o stone_n then_o in_o a_o glaze_v vessel_n mix_v it_o with_o varnish_n which_o let_v simper_n over_o a_o small_a fire_n then_o keep_v it_o for_o use_n fourteen_o another_o of_o a_o pure_a gold_n colour_n take_v juice_n of_o fresh_a saffron_n or_o for_o want_n of_o it_o saffron_n ground_n the_o best_a clear_a orpiment_n of_o each_o alike_o grind_v they_o with_o goat_n gall_n or_o gall_n of_o a_o pike_n which_o be_v better_o digest_v twenty_o eight_o day_n in_o horse_n dung_n and_o it_o be_v do_v xv._o to_o gild_v on_o wood_n or_o stone_n take_v bole_n ammoniac_a oil_n ben_n of_o each_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n beat_v and_o grind_v they_o together_o with_o this_o smear_v the_o wood_n or_o stone_n and_o when_o it_o be_v almost_o dry_a lay_v on_o the_o leaf-gold_n let_v it_o dry_v then_o polish_v it_o xvi_o to_o gild_v with_o leaf-gold_n take_v leaf_n of_o gold_n and_o grind_v they_o with_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o honey_n to_o which_o add_v a_o little_a gum-water_n and_o it_o will_v be_v excellent_a to_o write_v or_o paint_v with_o xvii_o to_o gild_v iron_n or_o steel_n take_v tartar_n one_o ounce_n vermilion_a three_o ounce_n bole_n armoniac_a aqua_fw-la vitæ_fw-la of_o each_o two_o ounce_n grind_v they_o together_o with_o linseed_n oil_n and_o put_v thereto_o lapis_n calaminaris_n the_o quantity_n of_o a_o hazel_n nut_n and_o grind_v therewith_o in_o the_o end_n a_o few_o drop_n of_o varnish_n take_v it_o off_o the_o stone_n strain_v it_o through_o a_o linen_n cloth_n for_o it_o must_v be_v as_o thick_a as_o honey_n then_o strike_v it_o over_o iron_n or_o steel_n and_o let_v it_o dry_v then_o lay_v on_o your_o silver_n or_o gold_n and_o burnish_v it_o xviii_o to_o colour_v tin_n or_o copper_n of_o a_o golden_a colour_n take_v linseed_n oil_n set_v it_o on_o the_o fire_n scum_v it_o then_o put_v in_o amber_n aloe_n hepatick_a of_o each_o alike_o stir_v they_o well_o together_o till_o it_o wax_v thick_a then_o take_v it_o off_o cover_v it_o close_o and_o set_v it_o in_o the_o earth_n three_o day_n when_o you_o use_v it_o strike_v the_o metal_n all_o over_o with_o it_o with_o a_o pencil_n let_v it_o dry_v and_o it_o will_v be_v of_o a_o golden_a colour_n xix_o to_o gild_v any_o metal_n take_v strong_a aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la in_o which_o dissolve_v fine_a silver_n to_o which_o put_v so_o much_o tartar_n in_o fine_a powder_n as_o will_v make_v it_o into_o paste_n with_o which_o rub_v any_o metal_n and_o it_o will_v look_v like_o fine_a silver_n xx._n to_o gild_v so_o as_o it_o shall_v not_o out_o with_o any_o water_n take_v ochre_n calcine_v pumice_n stone_n of_o each_o alike_o tartar_n a_o little_a beat_v they_o with_o linseed_n oil_n and_o five_o or_o six_o drop_n of_o varnish_n strain_v all_o through_o a_o linen_n cloth_n with_o which_o you_o may_v gild._n chap._n xxxiv_o of_o paper_n parchment_n and_o leather_n i._o to_o make_v paper_n wave_v like_o marble_n take_v divers_a oil_a colour_n put_v they_o several_o in_o drop_n upon_o water_n and_o stir_v the_o water_n light_o then_o wet_a the_o paper_n be_v

may_v appear_v to_o be_v the_o work_n of_o a_o nimble_a fancy_n ready_a memory_n clear_a judgement_n and_o large_a experience_n chap._n vi_o of_o colour_n i._o ochre_n be_v a_o good_a colour_n and_o much_o in_o use_n for_o shadow_n in_o picture_n of_o the_o life_n both_o for_o hair_n and_o drapery_n in_o landscape_n it_o be_v use_v for_o rock_n and_o high_a way_n ii_o pink_v the_o fair_a with_o blue_a make_v the_o fast_o green_n for_o landscape_n and_o drapery_n sap_n green_a and_o green_a bise_n be_v good_a in_o their_o kind_n but_o the_o first_o be_v so_o transparent_a and_o thin_a the_o other_o of_o so_o course_n and_o gross_a body_n that_o in_o many_o thing_n they_o will_v be_v useless_a especial_o where_o a_o beautiful_a green_n make_v of_o pink_n and_o bise_v mix_v with_o indigo_n be_v require_v iii_o umber_n be_v a_o greasy_a foul_a colour_n but_o be_v calcine_v and_o ground_n it_o work_v sharp_a and_o neat_a iv_o spanish_n brown_n be_v exceed_v course_n and_o full_a of_o gravel_n be_v prepare_v it_o be_v use_v for_o a_o mixture_n make_v of_o red_a lead_n mix_v with_o a_o little_a umber_n which_o make_v the_o same_o colour_n v._o collen_n earth_n or_o terra_fw-la lemnia_n it_o be_v use_v to_o close_v up_o the_o last_o and_o deep_a touch_n in_o the_o shadow_n of_o picture_n of_o the_o life_n and_o in_o landscape_n use_v it_o when_o new_a ground_n vi_o cherry-stone_n black_a be_v very_o good_a for_o drapery_n and_o black_a apparel_n mix_v with_o indigo_n it_o be_v excellent_a for_o satin_n it_o appear_v more_o beautiful_a or_o shine_a if_o mix_v with_o a_o little_a white_a if_o deepen_v with_o ivory_n black_a in_o hard_a reflection_n and_o strong_a deep_a touch_n it_o be_v wonderful_a fair_a vii_o ivory_n black_a it_o serve_v for_o a_o deep_a black_a but_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o work_v without_o it_o be_v well_o temper_v with_o sugar-candy_n to_o prevent_v peeling_a viii_o red_a lead_n well_o wash_v be_v a_o glorious_a colour_n for_o those_o piece_n which_o require_v a_o exquisite_a redness_n ix_o indian_a lake_n be_v the_o dear_a and_o most_o beautiful_a of_o all_o red_n it_o be_v to_o be_v ground_n as_o white_a lead_n and_o mix_v with_o a_o little_a white_a sugar-candy_n and_o fair_a water_n till_o the_o colour_n and_o sugar-candy_n be_v thorough_o dissolve_v which_o be_v dry_a will_v lie_v very_o fast_o without_o danger_n of_o crack_v or_o peeling_a chap._n vii_o of_o make_v original_a colour_n i._o to_o make_v white_a lead_n put_v into_o a_o earthen_a pot_n several_a plate_n of_o fine_a lead_n cover_v they_o with_o white-wine_n vinegar_n cover_v the_o top_n of_o the_o pot_n close_o with_o clay_n bury_v it_o in_o a_o cellar_n for_o seven_o or_o eight_o week_n and_o you_o will_v have_v good_a white_a lead_n upon_o the_o plate_n which_o wipe_v of_o ii_o to_o make_v verdigriese_n this_o be_v make_v by_o hang_a plate_n of_o copper_n over_o the_o fume_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la or_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n or_o by_o dip_v they_o in_o the_o same_o or_o in_o vinegar_n iii_o to_o make_v a_o emerald_n colour_n take_v verdigriese_n in_o fine_a powder_n which_o temper_n with_o varnish_n and_o lay_v it_o upon_o a_o ground_n of_o liquid_a silver_n burnish_a and_o you_o have_v a_o fair_a emerald_n iv_o to_o make_v a_o ruby_n colour_n mix_v the_o same_o with_o florence_n lake_n and_o you_o shall_v have_v a_o very_a fair_a ruby_n colour_n v._o to_o make_v a_o sapphire_n colour_n the_o same_o viz._n verdigriese_n mix_v with_o vltramarin●_n make_v a_o glorious_a sapphire_n vi_o to_o make_v a_o crimson_a velvet_n take_v turnsoil_n and_o mix_v it_o with_o indigo_n lake_n well_o ground_n with_o gum_n and_o sugar-candy_n lay_v it_o full_a and_o when_o it_o be_v wet_a wipe_v away_o the_o colour_n with_o a_o dry_a pencil_n where_o you_o will_v have_v the_o heighten_v of_o the_o crimson_a velvet_n appear_v and_o the_o strong_a reflection_n will_v be_v well_o express_v vii_o to_o make_v a_o silver_n black_a take_v fine_a silver_n file_n or_o plate_n which_o dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n or_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o evaporate_v to_o dryness_n or_o precipitate_v with_o oleo_n sulphuris_fw-la or_o salt_n water_n and_o you_o shall_v have_v a_o snow_n white_a precipitate_a which_o mix_v with_o water_n make_v the_o best_a black_a in_o the_o world_n to_o die_v all_o manner_n of_o hair_n horn_n bone_n wood_n metal_n etc._n etc._n viii_o to_o make_v a_o murry_a or_o amethyst_n it_o be_v make_v of_o indian_a lake_n ground_n with_o gum_n arabic_a water_n only_o ix_o to_o make_v a_o red_a or_o ruby_n for_o limn_v it_o be_v make_v of_o indian_a lake_n which_o break_v off_o a_o scarlet_a colour_n ground_n with_o gum_n water_n and_o sugar-candy_n x._o to_o make_v azure_a blue_a or_o sapphire_n it_o be_v make_v of_o vltramarine_n of_o venice_n which_o be_v best_a the_o best_a blue_a smalt_n or_o blue_a bise_n ground_n with_o gum_n water_n only_o you_o may_v make_v good_a shadow_a blews_n of_o indigo_n flory_n and_o litmoss_n all_o which_o need_v no_o wash_n nor_o litmoss_n no_o grind_v but_o only_o infuse_v in_o a_o lixivium_n of_o soap-ash_n xi_o to_o make_v a_o green_a or_o emerald_n it_o be_v make_v of_o cedar_n green_a in_o place_n whereof_o take_v tripal_a to_o draw_v with_o pink_n be_v good_a also_o for_o landscape_n mix_v with_o bise_n ash_n as_o also_o with_o masticot_n and_o ceruse_n xii_o to_o make_v a_o yellow_a or_o topaz_n it_o be_v make_v of_o masticot_n which_o be_v the_o best_a of_o which_o there_o be_v divers_a sort_n viz._n deep_o and_o pale_a yellow_a ochre_n also_o for_o want_n of_o better_a may_v do_v shadow_n masticot_n with_o yellow_a ochre_n deepen_v it_o with_o ochre_n de_fw-fr rouse_n xiii_o to_o make_v vltramarine_a take_v the_o deep_a colour_a lapis_n lazuli_n have_v few_o vein_n of_o gold_n upon_o it_o heat_v it_o red_a hot_a in_o a_o crucible_n close_o cover_v then_o quench_v it_o in_o urine_n vinegar_n or_o water_n in_o a_o lead_v earthen_a pot_n dry_v it_o well_o then_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o pinser_n nip_v off_o the_o hard_a gray_a and_o whitish_a part_n from_o it_o and_o grind_v the_o remainder_n with_o honey_a water_n as_o fine_a as_o may_v be_v then_o dry_v it_o for_o use_n the_o honey_a water_n be_v make_v of_o water_n a_o quart_n boil_v with_o honey_n two_o spoonful_n chap._n viii_o of_o limn_v to_o the_o life_n in_o general_n i._o let_v the_o table_n be_v prepare_v very_o exact_a by_o the_o five_o rule_n of_o the_o twenty_o three_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n ii_o let_v the_o ground_n be_v of_o flesh_n colour_n temper_v it_o according_a to_o the_o complexion_n to_o be_v paint_v iii_o if_o it_o be_v a_o fair_a complexion_n mix_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o red_a and_o white_a lead_n together_o somewhat_o thick_a iv_o if_o swart_a or_o brown_a mix_v with_o the_o former_a a_o little_a fine_a masticot_n or_o english_a ochre_n or_o both_o always_o observe_v that_o your_o ground_n be_v fair_a than_o the_o complexion_n paint_v for_o fairness_n may_v be_v shadow_v or_o darken_v at_o pleasure_n but_o if_o it_o be_v sad_a or_o dark_a you_o can_v never_o heighten_v it_o for_o in_o limn_v the_o picture_n be_v always_o wrought_v down_o to_o its_o exact_a colour_n v._o lay_v the_o ground_n upon_o the_o card_n or_o tablet_n with_o a_o large_a pencil_n than_o ordinary_a free_a from_o spot_n scratch_n of_o the_o pencil_n or_o dust_n and_o as_o even_o as_o possible_a may_v be_v and_o let_v the_o colour_n be_v rather_o thin_a and_o waterish_a than_o too_o thick_a do_v it_o very_o quick_a and_o nimble_o with_o two_o or_o three_o dash_v of_o the_o pencil_n vi_o this_o do_v prepare_v your_o shadow_n in_o order_n by_o the_o seven_o rule_n of_o the_o four_o and_o twenty_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n vii_o then_o draw_v the_o out-line_n of_o the_o face_n with_o lake_n and_o white_a mingle_v together_o very_o fine_a so_o that_o if_o you_o shall_v mistake_v in_o your_o first_o draught_n you_o may_v with_o a_o strong_a stroke_n draw_v it_o true_a the_o other_o line_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o faintness_n be_v no_o hindrance_n these_o line_n must_v be_v true_o draw_v sharp_a and_o neat_a with_o the_o great_a exactness_n imaginable_a viii_o observe_v the_o most_o remarkable_a and_o deep_a shadow_n to_o keep_v in_o memory_n when_o you_o go_v over_o they_o with_o more_o exactness_n draw_v out_o also_o if_o you_o so_o please_v the_o shape_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o body_n next_o adjoin_v to_o the_o face_n viz._n a_o little_a beneath_o the_o shoulder_n with_o a_o strong_a and_o dark_a colour_n which_o in_o case_n of_o mistake_n in_o proportion_n may_v easy_o be_v alter_v ix_o the_o first_o fit_v be_v to_o dead_a colour_n the_o face_n the_o second_o sit_v be_v the_o exact_a