Selected quad for the lemma: earth_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
earth_n	cold_a	hot_a	moist_a	3,369	5	10.4975	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A11816	Naturall philosophy: or A description of the vvorld, and of the severall creatures therein contained viz. of angels, of mankinde, of the heavens, the starres, the planets, the foure elements, with their order, nature and government: as also of minerals, mettals, plants, and precious stones; with their colours, formes, and vertues. By Daniel Widdovves.; Rerum naturalium doctrina methodica. English. Abridgments	Scribonius, Wilhelm Adolf, fl. 1576-1583.; Widdowes, Daniel.; Scribonius, Wilhelm Adolf, fl. 1576-1583. Rerum physicarum juxta leges logicas methodica explicatio. aut; Woodhouse, John.	1631 (1631)	STC 22112; ESTC S117038	44,731	82

in the bodies and over whom course in thirty yeares hee is a Plannet masculine of cold and dry nature therefore melancholicke bad not fortunate whose proper house is in ♑ ♎ governing malancholike persons and diseases of that humor and those of a tough and congealed phlegme as Lepry and Morphew But if hee governe in his proper house in due aspect and degree most profitable experiments may bee made against these infirmities His rule appeareth in conception of men as in the first moneth and in the eight moneth much more Wherefore the child borne in this moneth through the bad aspect and coldnes of Saturne can scarce live long hee ruleth also the lives of men especially in their end when old men bee cold and full of fleame as say Astrologers A description of Iupiter His properties ♃ Iupiter is a bright Plannet which runneth his course in 12. yeares his light is so great that it causeth a shadow being neere the earth of which he is called Phaeton He is hot and moyst of nature good masculine How he ruleth in the body and over whom and his house is in ♐ and ♓ he ruleth over the sanguine yong men and merry sports and over discases springing of bloud not adust and rightly disposed In his house remedies are best applied for cure of such infirmities Vnder his power is the child in the second but more in the ninth moneth and the childe that is borne is long of life A description of Mars ♂ Mars is the 3 wandring star in colour red or fiery shining his course is 2. yeares is a masculine exceeding hot schorching and dry nature after a sort malignant His properties How he governs mans body and in whom and infortunate His house is ♈ and ♍ hee sheweth his force most upon Cholerike persons and upon motions of youth stirring to sedition and warre if hee be well disposed in his house in fit aspect and degree there may bee remedies used for the Frensie agues and other hot sicknesses He governeth the 3. moneth of conception and from 40. to 50. of mans age Now of starrs that finish their course in like space A description of the sunne The office and use of it How and whom it governes of time ☉ ♀ ☿ in a yeare space ☉ The Sunne is the brightest of all wandring starres appointing seasons nourishing life being the fountaine of light of heate and all vitall powers hee is hot and meanely dry his house is ♌ he ruleth hot and dry affections and therefore in his rule is fit remedy for such In mans conception hee ruleth the 4. moneth and governeth from 22. till 41. yeares of age ☉ by being nearest or farthest from the earth maketh Solsticium which is our Summer and Winter summer is ☉ being He maketh winter and summer in ♋ at the highest winter solstice is ☉ being ♑ farthest from us The motion of ☉ causeth like length of day Length and shortnesse of dayes and night ☉ in ♈ and ♎ the Sun in these pointes of heaven is equally moved in the 6. signes of our hemisphere and also in the six opposit although the points and times of both Equinoctialls vary and change ♀ Venus is a very white star she goeth neare ☉ sometime A description of Venus before him sometimes after him in the morning going before him she is called Lucifer in the evening following she is called Vesperugo and Hesperus ♀ is could and Ayery and moyst her house is in ☍ and Her properties how and in whom she ruleth ♎ She loveth youth women and wives ruleth cold and moyst diseases happening most about the genitalls Therefore ♀ in her house in due aspect is best remedy of such she useth her power in the 5. moneth and disposeth life from 14 to 20. yeares and two according to Astrologers ☿ Mercury is the least wandring star somwhat white A description of Mercury His nature how and in whom he ruleth his nature is changeable and full of turnings hee is hote with the hote cold with the cold of the nature of him with whom he is joyned his house is ♊ and ♍ is of force in merchandize of which hee hath his name and mathematickes are under his rule he begins and followes studies reports rumors newes He guideth the 6 moneth and from 4. to 14. yeares if hee joyne with the higher Plannets he denounceth wet and flouds which also hee doth meeting Venus in a wet house in his proper house windes c. ☽ The Moone is the lowest wandring starre finishing A description of the Moone her course in 27. dayes 7. houres although this starre have light of he owne yet doth she borrow her shining from the Sunne But because her essence or body is not alike but thicker in one place than another therfore she is not in all places enlightened alike from the Sunne That part which is turned from the Sunne is all of it shadowed and darkish but that which looketh upon the ☉ is full of light and onely so much light as standeth towards us seemeth to gaine or lose light as it is farther off or nearer the sun where as indeed ever the one halfe is enlightened from the sunne The face seemeth to bee enlightened as joyned with ☉ or departing from him The ☽ joyned with the ☉ in the 4. first dayes is covered with greater light of the ☉ beames and is called the new Moone but departing from ☉ she appeareth still more enlightened and it is either in part or whole In part before and after the 8 day called the encrease How the Moone increaseth and decreaseth and the waine of the Moone In part lesse or more the lesse is when she is horned or halfe moone about the 4. day being distant from ☉ 2. signes and after 8. in the 26. day the halfe ☽ is seene about the 7. day and after 22. day when she is distant 3. signes or degrees from ☉ The greater apparition of the Moone in part is she being neare her roundnes which is about the 11 day and after the 19. day distant from ☉ 4 signes The full apparition of ☽ is when in a right line she is When and how the Moone is in the full opposed to ☉ at 14 dayes or full Moone Although she finish her couse in the foresaid time in the circle of the Zodiacke yet is allowed to every Moone 29 and a halfe day because she is to passe forward 2 dayes and 4 howres before shee can overtake the ☉ which maketh 29 dayes 12 houres And in 9 yeares she endeth In what time she endeth her revolution all her diversity of conjunctions and aspectes and anew begineth her former revolution c. A Commet is a wandering star of divers motions What a Commet is shining in the region of the Plannets this appeareth seldome sometime above and sometimes below the Plannets It foretelleth greevous accidents Others say that a Commet

is a fat substance drawne by the heate of the Sun from the earth and the heate of the highest region of the Ayre is set on fire appearing like a starre and is sometime moved in the ayre It foreshewth war Pestilence drought and barrennes of the earth The light of some Plannets sometime fayle especially The light of some Plannets especially the sunne and moone faileth sometime and the reason of them of ☉ and ☽ The defects happen in the Zodiacke if these 2. starres bee in the knotts of their circles or neare to them which knotts are cuttings made by the course of the ☉ and ☽ and is called the dragon The higher is called Dragons head the lower the Dragons tayle The Ascendant or higher is where ☽ departing from the middle Zodiacke doth come nearest unto us The descendant when the ☽ is removing from us Of the Eclipse of the Sunne and Moone and the reason of them The Eclipse of those starrs is in whole or part In whole all being obscured as in the midst of them In part it happeneth neare one of the knotts The Eclipse of ☉ is by comming of ☽ betweene our eyes and the ☉ in the conjunction of both Plannets A great Eclipse of ☉ is when the centure of these starres proceed in a direct line to our eye The Eclipse of ☽ is the depriving her of the light of ☉ in the opposition the earth shadowing her comming in a straight line betweene them her Eclipse is sooner seene in the East than in the West CHAP. IIII. Of the foure Elements ELements are simple essences lesse durable than the What Elements are heavens and are the wombs of mixed things c. Of the Elements 2. are cleare ayre and water Ayre Some cleare as Ayre and water three regions of the Ayre which is cold and moyst and of these there are described 3. regions the first is hot and dry this is termed the fiery which causeth it to be called an Element Ayre the flame being but inflamed ayre the midle region colder and darker the third region in which we live is hot and cold by the more or lesse reflection of the Sunne beames Ayre is so needefull to creatures that none live The necessity of the Ayre without it the thinner the better and more healthfull Water is an element lesse thin and cleare moyst and What water is The natures and uses of it most cold Water warmed in channells in the earth causeth hot springs this is heated by running by some hot mineralls and helpeth moyst and cold bodies Water is greater or lesse The greatest is the Sea Why the water in the sea is salt The reason of the ebbing and flowing of the sea which is salt because that the starres drawe sorth the thin substance leaving the earth behinde The Ocean ebbeth and floweth after the ☽ motion and from the new moone to the full humours increase and after decrease and the tides are knowne by the Moone Particular Seas take their name of some country or of some accident as the red Sea c. Waters are in flouds or fountaines fountaines are Of Flouds Fountaines best which come out of Mountaines or Rocks c. Water is of divers colours and tastes Milky Diverse coours tastes of waters What the earth is Greene Red Salt sharpe bitter and like wine The Earth is a thicke element cold and dry and is unmoveable about which all things move it is round and all things tend as neare the center as they can It is in compasse with the water 21600. miles and The compasse of it is but as a point to the whole world Concreat and mixt bodyes or natures are essences Of concreat mixt bodies mixt of parts severally disposed For from sundry things of divers formes one forme may bee formed and things of one mixture according to the divers affection of their elements are diversly affected As some are Ayery some Fiery and some Earthly But the proportion maketh temperature which is a proportion of qualities cleaving together in mixture it is equall or uneven and is either simple or compound simple is in act or power compound as heate with drinesse c. Mixed natures are either livelesse or living Liveless Of mixed livelesse natures as meteors what they be with their severall kinds and the reason of them as Meteors which are a hot smoake lifted up by the attractive force of starres some 15. German miles into the ayre and no higher this smoke is a vapour or exhalation A vapour is a moyst smoke drawne from water and is easily resolved into water Exhalation is a dry smoke drawne from the earth easie to fire from exhalation arise fiery impressions which burne like fire as pillers dartes candles goates shooting starres fiery Dragons darke streames fooles fire and such like firery Meteors Mixed fiery meteors whose exhalation is somewhat Of Mixed fiery meteors as thunder what it is and the reason of it unpure thicker and long her mixture is thunder which is a fiery exhalation breaking forth of the cloudes with a sound Lightening small and great is a flaming light of a burning exhalation shining before thunder Though we heare not the thunder it is at the present breaking out of the flash the eye being quicker than the care The great lightening is thicker and burneth more if it be hardened with the heate of the Sunne and it selfe it maketh a stone which is cast out at the cracke this doth much harme Lightening is thicke or thin this boreth through Of lightning what it is and the reason of it without leaving any signe of it The thicker scorcheth and burneth it hath much earthy matter setting on fier steeples and such like and in great flashes is but some small deale of this earthy matter else all things would be fired Watery meteors are vapors more fully compact together Of watery meteors as clouds what they be with the reason of them and appeare in the lowest part or midst of the Ayre as cloudes and such like A cloude is a vapour joyned together by the extreame cold of the middle region Cloudes hang in the Ayre by the Sunnes heat which draweth them up and by the moving of the windes are tossed up and downe In these Cloudes by ☉ and ☽ are framed divers Diverse shapes in the cloudes with the reason of them as a false Sunne how occasioned shapes having no proper matter but onely appeare in the cloudes either about ☉ and ☽ or opposite to them as A halfe Sunne which is imprinted in the Cloud by the reflection of his beames in a cloud being waterish so that sometime the shape of 2. or 3. Sunnes are seene so of the Moone Bright circles of the cloudes being black are from the reflecting beames seeming to compasse the ☉ or ☽ yet they are far lower These circles appeare more often about the moone shee being not able with her beames

to consume these vapours The shape in the cloudes opposed to the Sunne is A raine-bow how occasioned the raine-bow of divers colours in a hollow thin and in an unequall cloud fashioned by reflection of the Suns beames and the raine-bow is greater the nearer it commeth to the Horizon If many raine-bowes be seene the latter is made by the shining of the other and are more obscure than the former The colours of the Raine-bow be light red green A description of the rainebow and the signes os it sky colour and yeallow the raine-bow is a foreteller of raine it sheweth that many vapours are dissolued which will shortly be raine The hayle is like this but it is alwayes under the Sunne Meteors of dissolved cloudes are either hardened Meteors of dissolued cloudes or moyst as raine which is as it were a cloude melted and turned unto water if the cloude bee neare the earth the drops are great if hie the drops are smaller The rayning of frogges fish milke flesh and such like come of such matter being carried up which doth againe Reason of it fall with the raine as wormes c. are begotten of dead carkases in summer time Meteors made harde after the cloud hath beene melted are snow and Haile Snow is a cloude prepared for raine before it fall Snow what it is and how occasioned being congealed by cold is by the motion of the windes dispersed into fleakes and falleth onely in winter Hayle is rayne made hard in the fall the higher the Hayle what it is and how occasioned fall the rounder and lesser because in the fall it melteth It hayleth most in Autumne and in the Spring for then the sharpe ayre hath most power over the drops and in winter the extreame cold maketh it snow being yet in the cloudes In the lowest region of the Ayre are dew and frost Dew what it is and how occasioned Dew is a vapour thickned with some earthly matter which in falling is presently turned into water Dew falleth onely in summer for then the vapour is dissolved with the Sunne A fat kind of dew like melting hony especially at the shining of Syrius being gathered from leaves of trees is Manna called also wilde honey or meldewes This Manna hardened by the heate of ☉ into Manna what it is lumpes is called Tereniabin Frost is a dewish vapour made very hard by cold in Frost what it is and how winter before it be dissolved Meteors made of both kindes of smoake joyned together Of Meteors caused by both kinds of smoake and the reason of them Winde what it is and the diverse kinds of it are windes and such like Winde is a subtile smoke beaten downeward by the cold in the middle of the ayre and is moved sideling on the earth Auncients noted out 12. principall windes all which in regard of matter are hot and dry but differ for their situation of their qualities The winde being great carried with force darkens Storme Whirlewinde the Ayre and is called a storme If it doe roll about it is a Whirle-winde if it be but small it is called Ayre An Earthquake is a fume contained in the earth Earthquake when it findeth no vent it shaketh it is made acoording to the breadth or depth of the earth In breadth it causeth sometime such trembling that it shaketh downe whole Citties That in depth causeth a gaping or swelling A Gaping is when the Earth openeth as it were her mouth and doth swallow downe trees walles c. A Swelling is when the earth being lifted up like a mountaine either remaineth so or else falleth downe againe CHAP. V. Of mixed living Natures NAtures mixed perfectly are living and corporall essences indued with a Vegetative soule A Vegetative soule is a facultie giving life to bodyes What a vegetative soule is Therefore so long as any part of this shall exercise her power in any body so long is that alive and remaineth safe But her chiefe operation and so life it selfe The nature office of it consisteth either in preserving severall bodies or whole kinds Nourishment is the preserving of severall bodies What nourishment is and is the making of foode received like to the body nourished Vnder that name is every thing which is received to sustaine our bodyes of which sort is the ayre it selfe Some other faculties are required to perfection of nourishment as concoction and his companions Concoction What cócoction is with the necessity of it is a working or framing of nourishment and it is made either of temperate or increased heate of the parts to be nourished By temperate heate is made ripening which is a The necessity of temperate heate for nourishment cleared by comparison concoction of nourishment with moisture by how much therefore the moisture shall be better tempered with heate by so much is the ripening sooner and more perfect as in a summer too moyst the increase of the earth is later made ripe Concoction arising from greater store of heate is either elixation or assation Elixation is a concoction more perfectly working the thicke or watrish moysture with a strong moyst heate As flesh is sod in water whose moyst heate altereth consumeth the fomy moystnes of meate if this Elixation remaine unperfect it is called rawnesse and the nourishment is not refined for want of moyst heate For it was not of power to finish concoction Assation is concoction by meanes of dryer heate fully strengthening the moysture of nourishment If The benefit of good and the hurt of bad concoction this strength of bodyes be somewhat weake it is called thickning if concoction bee vicious it is turned unto putrifaction Moyst and hote things doe most easily corrupt if the bodyes be not open to the Ayre In stopped bodyes heate having no vent is increased Whence inflammation ariseth Whence commeth inflammation which putrifaction doth follow causing greater heate This of concoction The Companions of concoction are Faculties fitly The companions of concoction serving for the perfection of it Of these one goeth before the other followeth The former is Attraction and Retention Attraction is a facultie supplying matter of convenient 1. Attraction what it is nourishment as is seene in things drawing our of the flesh Arrow-heads or thornes deepely fastned So wheat draweth water out of on earthen pot it being set upon the heape Retention which retayneth 2. Retention what it is nourishment untill it be concocted doth nourish the body Nourishment is first put to and afterward united The companion following concoction is expulsion Expulsion is a driving backe of unprofitable matter 3. Expulsion what it is when concoction is once made it is within or without the body Within when the stronger thrust superfluities to the weaker untill they come to the weakest of all Encrease which is joyned to the nourishment is continued but to a certaine age then the

nourishing growing weake it ceaseth Now followeth conservation of the whole stocke Generation is a facultie of the body procreating any What generation is thing like it selfe This faculty preserveth all kindes of things in their estate though continually they doe perish The object of generation is the procreating seede What is the object of it of every thing The changing faculty altereth the seede into parts of the body to be begotten The ministeriall vertues of this facultie of generation doe change or forme The forming faculty fashioneth the thing into distinct forme CHAP. VI. Of Minerals and Mettals THe Vegetative soule being explained now follow the kindes of such natures as have perfect or unperfect growth Those of unperfect growth are Mettals which are decocted in the veines of the earth Mettals are to be melted easily or hardly Those that are easie to bee dissolved are either first or such as spring from them Principall or first are of themselves from the originall Brimstone what it is and the nature of it as Brimstome and Quicksilver Brimstone is the fat of the earth with fiery heate decocted unto his hardnesse which is the cause that it so speedily is enflamed and burneth even in water yea sooner than the fat of the beasts which though it bee fatter than brimstone yet it is farre colder So that for his fat drinesse it helpeth scabbes of all kinds and the leprie That Brimstone is counted the best which is greene and cleare Quicksilver is a slimy water mixt with a pure white Quicksilver what it is earth which mettall for the matter whereof it doth consist is thinne cold and heavie It is in continuall motion and his thinnesse causeth The nature of it that it pierceth mettals Mettals derived from the first are more or lesse Gold what it is pure purer are Gold and Silver Gold is a mettall made of most subtile and pure red brimstone and of the like quicksilver Gold hath the most perfect mixture as it is most thin so it is most solide whose substance is not corrupted with either earth water or ayre nor consumed with fire but is more purged in it The nature of it And for his thin solidnesse it is most soft and easie to be melted So that is most worth which is most red and glistering and soft that easily it may be wrought Experience teacheth that the 3 part of one graine of gold can gild a wyre of 134 foote long upon plates of silver one ounce of gold will suffice to gild eight pound waight of silver His nature is to bee marvelled at It waxeth cold towards day light so that those that weare rings of it may perceive it when it waxeth day Where it is found It is found in the mountaines of Arabia and else where and the best in the mountaine Terrat neare the Citie Corbachiam Siluer is a mettall begotten of pure white Mercury Silver what it is The difference betwixt it and gold and the like cleare white Brimstone It differeth from Gold almost onely in colour it being Gold not perfectly refined yet in purenesse firme solidnesse and thinnesse it is next to Gold and one ounce of it may be drawne 3200. foote long so that it can scarce be discerned from Gold Yet it is thicker an hundreth fold When it is found it hath the shape of haires twigs fishes serpents and such like Mettals lesse pure consist of greater store of Brimstone or Quicksilver of greater store of Brimstone come Brasse and Iron Brasse is a mettall begotten of thicke red Brimstone Brasse what it is and Mercury somewhat impure that comming from Cyprus is called Copper the matter of Brasse is more burnt than that of other mettals and indureth long and is fit in any worke For it is without all moysture whether it be kept in earth or water Minerals neare Brasse are Copperasse c. Copperasse is a minerall mixed of humours strained Copperasse what it is by droppes into small holes and it shineth like glasse It is hot and dry in the 4. degree vehemently binding The nature of it being of great force to season and preserve raw flesh It also begetteth sound flesh in festered sores and stancheth blood It is of a greene yellow and a skye colour the best hath in it white spots his kinde are Romane vitrioll and red vitrioll or the fome of Copperasse Iron is of store of Mercury and of thicke sulphur Iron what it is impure and adust It may be softened by quenching in The nature of it juyce of beane shuls or mallowes It being red hot and cooling of himselfe becommeth plyable But if it be often quenched in cold water it becommeth thereby very hard and brittle Mettalls of greater store of Mercury are Lead and Tynne Lead is an unpure mettall begot of much unpure Lead what it is thicke and drossie Mercury and likewise of unpure Brimstone his impurity causeth blacknesse which by refining is made whiter It increaseth in waight if it lie in moyst ground Yea it is thought to increase with raine It is of a The nature of it cold and binding nature and therefore scarce wholsome for mans use Tynne is a mettall mixed of Mercury white without Tynne what it is and red within and of Brimstone not well mixed as it were Lead whited with silver Thus farre of mettalls pliable Mettals lesse plyable are those which are not easily wrought or melted and are hard or brittle Those that bee altogether hard are stones These Stones whereof they are c the variety of them are ingendred of a watry moysture and fat earth mixed hard togeather Of stones some be rare some common Of the rare and strange some are of more estimation than others The more esteemed are precious stones which are Precious stones more beautifull and fine in regard of their pure and subtile matter Of Gemmes some are of one coullour some of sundry colours More or lesse transparent be either white or of other colours White are Crystall or Adamant Crystall is a Crystall gem bright through begot of a most pure stony moysture The nature of it and is found in mines of Marble c. His qualitie is binding therefore his oyle or powder is helpefull in Laxes and increaseth milke in womens brests The Adamant or Diamant is a gem cleare and most Adamant hard it can scarce be broken and thence it is named The nature of it unlesse steeped in the warme bloud of a Goat that hath drunke Wine or eaten Parsley Transparent Gemmes not white as the Saphir Sardonix and Smaragde have the same coullour in all their kindes Saphir The Saphir is a gem cleare through of a skie coullour growing in the East and specially in India The nature of it Being drunke it helpeth against the stinging of Serpents poyson c. as some affirme The Smaragde is of a greene coullour making Smaragde

by which sence and motion descend Hard Nerves have a duller facultie and lesse serving to the senses of which are thirtie paire which by couples come from the marrow of the backe bone by whose conduct the backe easily executeth his faculties Of the parts to breath The principall parts of breathing are in the brest The breathing parts being either Lightes or Heart wherefore these being touched breathing is immediately hurt and such wounds be deadly The Longes are a spongious and thin part soft and like foame of congealed bloud declining something to the right side Breath is brought unto the Lightes by a rough Artery knit to the roote of the tongue This Arterie is a long channell made of many gristle rings on a row which endeth in the Lights If any thing fall into the hollownesse of this the breath is hindred and there is danger to be choaked The Heart is a fleshie part solid and well compacted The heart what it is almost like a Pyramis it hath two ventricles the right and the left The right by an arteriall veine communicateth bloud to the Lights This veine is so called of a proper substance and office From the left ventricle of the Heart ariseth Aorta the roote of all the Arteries These are hollow vessells in the Heart begotte and are thicke distributing spirits throughout the whole bodie The excrements of the principall parts of breathing Spittle what it is be spittle and cough Spittle is a windie foame cast out of the brest and his parts If it be avoyded with noyse it is called coughing Superfluitie of this matter is judged by the colour for red spittle is of bloud yellow of choler white of flegme and blacke of melancholy The lesse principall parts of breathing are the Midriffe what it is midriffe and the mediastin The midriffe is a thinne skin like perchment fastened overthwart to the sides and includeth the parts of the brest The mediastin is a double skinne in length dividing the brest into two sides The vitall parts are those which serve to the preservation of the spirits of living creatures and are appoynted to nourishment or generation The principall parts for the perfection of nourishment be the stomacke and the Liver The Stomacke is a part like perchment sticking to Stomacke what it is the throat round but long and as it were twisted with many small threeds and it is the kitchin of nourishment to be concocted The throat is a channell full of nerves carrying Throat what it is meate from the mouth to the stomacke The Fibres are as it were very small threeds by benefit whereof the stomacke enjoyeth her facultie These if they bee straight and right draw nourishment unto them if crooked they are oblique or transverse those retaine nourishment received these expell excrements The casting forth of excrements by the upper parts Vomiting of the stomacke is called vomit which expelleth that which aboundeth in the stomacke yet such excrement is many times sent backe from other parts into the stomacke The Liver lyeth upon the stomacke on the The Liver right side enclosing it with his laps and is a fleshy part of nourishment red like congealed bloud placed next unto the Midriffe In the Liver is made the second concoction namely of nourishment in the belly turned into a red masse from the Liver ariseth a hollow veine the roote of all other veynes These are hollow parts round and guide the bloud unto all the body the substance of these is thinner by sixe folde than the skin of the Arteries whose substance ought to be thicker for the vehement motion of the spirits That the office of the Liver may be made perfect by meanes of veynes other particles are allotted thereunto which receive the abounding humors choller c. The Gall receiveth yellow choller and the Milt blacke The bladder of the Gall is a slimie part in the hollow part of the Liver of the figure of a Peare the Milt is a long part like a shooe-sole on the left side over against the Liver but somewhat lower Water from the Liver is received by the reines and bladder The substance of the reines is thicke and solid flesh they sticke on both sides about the loynes and have emulgent veynes arising from the hollow veine From the trench of the veynes hang downeward white narrow veynes guiding water from the reines unto the bladder The bladder is a slimie part round and containing urine in it Vrine is a whey separated from bloud in the reines Vrine and more fully purged in the bladder This in the bodie of a temperate man and sound is of a meane substance and in quantitie answereth the drinke received in the chollerike it is yellow or red His sediment is white smooth and equall without bubbles c. A sound body is knowne by voyding vrine which How to discerne a sound body by it in the morning is white and after something red For the one signifieth that it doth and the other that it hath concocted Vrine is of a meane substance betwixt thin and thicke Thin vrine argueth the weakenesse of the body and coldnesse predominant and rawnesse of the parts of concoction And this either remaineth the same or becommeth troubled That sheweth concoction is not yet begunne and therefore raw or This that it is but new begunne Thicke vrine like that of beasts noteth excesse of matter or concoction Vrine doth varie according to age or complexion or according to dyet and affections of the minde For the vrine of Infants for the most part is white and milkie the vrine of boyes is thicker and not so white the vrine of young men is like golde and of olde men white and thin Touching complexions the chollerick have Orange Complexions colour Phlegmatike pale and thicke the Sanguine red and meane The melancholike wan and thin Dyet changeth vrine as Saffron or Cassia caussth Orange Dyet colour Vrine of those that fast long is yellow of those that eate too much it is white The lesse principall parts of concoction are the Guts gutts and mesenterion The gutts are long round hollow and are knit to the lower part of the stomacke These are thicke or thin The thinner are the three uppermost as Duodenum Iejunum and Ileos Duodenum is the uppermost gut twelue fingers long Their severall kinds The Iejunum beginneth where the Duodenum beginneth to turne unto rundells Ileos is a thin gut having inwrapped windings The thicker guts of a thicker skin are Coecum Colon and Rectum The blinde gut is thicke large and short having but one mouth The Colon hath many turnings The right goeth straight to the Tuell The excrement of the belly if it be but softly compact and made at the appointed time and somewhat yellow and not much smelling argueth good concoction If it be red it argueth that much colour floweth in the stomacke if it be white it sheweth cruditie and want of choller Blew sheweth mortification and cold of the inward parts Too thicke or thin egestion argueth bad concoction if fattish or slimie it noteth a consumption Above all in these things it must bee observed what meate hath lately beene received The guts are wrapped about with the Mesenterion How placed in the body which is a skin in the end full of kernells and woven with many thin veines which meeting together make a multiplying of Vena porta in the hollow of the Liver Thus of the common parts of all creatures their kindes follow All Creatures are reasonable or unreasonable They The distinction of living creatures and their severall kinds which want reason are Beasts who live on Land or in Water Those which live on the earth moove on the earth or in the ayre Beasts moving on the earth are fourefooted or creeping Fourefooted Beasts bring forth young shaped as themselves or eggs Those that bring forth living Creatures some have solide feete and some cloven feete They have solide feete who want hornes as Horses Mules and Asses c. The cloven footed Beastes for the most part have hornes as the Oxe Goate Hart c. Land Beasts bringing forth eggs are the Crocodiles and some which have a shell Frogges Liserts and some Serpents have foure feete Creatures creeping on the earth are all kinde of Wormes Ants Earwigs to whom may bee added Spiders Lice Gnatts and such other Fowles are hotter and dryer than Creatures living onely on the land and all of them bring forth egges and have but two feete They have either whole feete or clawes Geese Duckes Swannes have whole feete to rowe in the water Other Birds for the most part have clawes as Doves Swallowes Hennes Sparrowes c. The insect of Fowles are Waspes Bees Hornetts Gnatts Flies These Creatures are they which live upon the earth those that live in the water are Fishes or of that kinde as the Sea-Horse the Sea-Dog c. Fishes many of them are like to Creatures living on the earth in their parts but they have not so much bloud therefore they are colder and moyster Fishes are soft or hard the soft have scales or onely a skin Of the scalie be the Carpe the Pearch Of the slimie be Eeles The harder fishes have plates as the Crabbe the Lobster c. Or shells as Oysters Mussells c. FJNJS