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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A71161	The history of all religions in the world, from the creation down to this present time in two parts : the first containing their theory, and the other relating to their practices ... : to which is added, a table of heresies : as also a geographical map, shewing in what countrey each religion is practised ... / by William Turner ...	Turner, William, 1653-1701.	1695 (1695)	Wing T3347; ESTC R6111	329,028	716

High Creator of all things That the Bishop reads Prayers over the Child in Church before the Baptism and in the River at Baptism while the Godfather plunges the Child three times all over and then to Feasting Papists 1. Doctrines according to the Council of Trent I N. do with a stedfast Faith believe and profess all and every Point contained in the Symbol of the Faith that the Holy Roman Church doth use viz. To believe in God the Father Almighty Maker of Heaven and Earth of all things visible and invisible And in one Lord Jesus Christ the only begotten Son of God and born of the Father before all Worlds God of God Light of Light True God of True God begotten not made of the same Substance with the Father by whom all things were made who for us Men and for our Salvation came down from Heaven was Incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary and was made Man was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate suffered and was buried and rose again the third day according to the Scriptures and ascended up into Heaven sitteth at the right Hand of the Father and he shall come again with Glory to judge both the Quick and the Dead of whose Kingdom there shall be no end and in the Holy Ghost the Lord and Giver of Life who proceedeth from the Father and the Son who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified who spake by the Prophets and one Holy Catholick and Apostolick Church I confess one Baptism for the Remission of Sins and I expect the Resurrection of the Dead and the Life of the World to come Amen I do most stedfastly admit and embrace the Traditions of the Apostles and of the Church and all other Observances and Constitutions of the same Church I do likewise admit the Holy Scripture according to that Sense which our Holy Mother the Catholick Church hath holden and doth hold unto whom it doth appertain to judge of the True Sense and Interpretation of the Holy Scriptures neither will I ever understand nor interpret the same otherwise than according to the uniform consent of the Fathers I do also profess that there be truly and properly Seven Sacraments of the New Law and necessary for the Salvation of Mankind although they be not necessary for all Men viz. Baptism Confirmation Eucharist Pennance Extream Unction Orders and Matrimony and that these Sacraments do give Grace and that of them Baptism Confirmation and Orders cannot be reiterated without Sacrilege I do also receive and admit all the received and approved Ceremonies of the Catholick Church in the Solemn Administration of all the aforesaid Sacraments I do embrace and receive all and every of those things which in the Holy Council of Trent have been defined and declared touching Original Sin and Justification I do profess also that in the Mass is offered unto God a true proper and propitiatory Sacrifice for the Quick and Dead and that in the most Holy Sacrifice of the Altar there is truly really and substantially the Body and Blood together with the Soul and Divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ and that there is made a Conversion of the whole Substance of Wine into the Blood which Conversion the Catholick Church doth call Transubstantiation I do also confess that under either kind only is received Christ whole intire and the True Sacrament I do constantly hold that there it Purgatory and that the Souls which be there detained are holpen by the Prayers of the Faithful Also that the Saints who reign together with Christ are to be worshipped and called upon and that they offer up Prayers to God for us and that their Relicks are to be worshipped I do most stedfastly affirm that the Images of Christ of the Mother of God always Virgin and of other Saints are to be had and received and that due Honour and Reverence is to be given to them I do affirm that the Authority of Indulgencies was left by Christ in the Church and that the use of them is very behooveful to Christian People I do acknowledge the Holy Catholick and Apostolick Roman Church to be the Mother and Mistress of all Churches and do promise and swear true Obedience to the Bishop of Rome who is the Successor of St. Peter Prince of the Apostles and the Vicar of Jesus Christ All other things defined and declared by the Holy Canons and Oecumenical Councils and chiefly by the Holy Council of Trent I do undoubtedly receive and profess And also all contrary things and whatsoever Heresies condemned rejected and accursed by the Church I likewise do condemn reject and accurse This True Catholick Faith without which no Man can be Saved which now I do willingly profess and hold I the same I. N. do Promise Vow and Swear to hold and confess most constantly by God's help intire and uncorrupted even to the last end of my Life and to procure as much as shall lye in me that my Subjects or those of whom I shall have care in my Office shall accordingly teach and preach the same So God help me and these Holy Gospels of God Dr. James Library-keeper of Oxford out of Lewis de Grenado 's Sp. Doctrine 2. Vsages and Ceremonies and Traditions 1. In publick Prayers they use the Latine-Tongue 2. In the Commandments they make the First and Second One and divide the Tenth into Two 3. They distinguish Sins into 1. Mortal by which only they say the Commandments are broken which are 1. Pride 2. Covetousness 3. Leachery 4. Anger 5. Gluttony 6. Envy 7. Sloth 2. Venial Not contrary to the end of the Commandments i. e. to Charity e. g. an idle Word an officious or jesting Lie stealing of a Pin or Apple c. not killing but disposing to mortal Sin 4. They say 't is possible necessary and easie by the assistance of God's Grace to keep all the Commandments 5. That mortal sin is remitted by 1. Hearty Penance 2. Contrition 6. That venial sin is remitted by 1. All the Sacraments 2. Holy-water 3. Devout Prayer c. 7. The punishment Of mortal sin is Hell for ever 7. The punishment Of venial sin is Purgatory 8. That there are six Sins against the Holy Ghost 1. Despair of Salvation 2. Presumption of God's Mercy 3. Impugning the known Truth 4. Envy at others known good 5. Obstinacy in Sin 6. Final Impenitence 9. That there are four crying Sins 1. Wilful Murder 2. The Sin of Sodom 3. Oppression of the Poor 4. Defrauding VVork-men of their VVages 10. There be three principal Counsels of Christ to his Church 1. Voluntary Poverty 2. Perpetual Chastity 3. Obedience to another's will in all that is not Sin 11. There be six Commandments of the Church principally 1. To hear Mass on all Sundays and Holy-Days if opportunity serve 2. To Fast 1. Lent 2. Vigils commanded 3. Ember-Days and Fridays by custom of England 4. To abstain from Flesh on Saturdays 3. To confess

4. Conc. Trid. A second Head of Cardinal Pool's Reformation was For the putting away of all FeAsting in the Festivities of the Dedication of Churches Dr. Burnet's Hist of the Reformation Mahometan Persian-Techrion el-avel 31. days 10th day of Rebiulewel is kept the Feast of Omar Reschdgiade in honour of an Illustrious Miller M. de Thev 12th day of this Moon Mahomet's Birth-day is celebrated by lighting Lamps round the Minarets Turkish-Rebiulewel ai 30. Days In the morning the Grand Seignior goes to the New Mosque where he causeth Sweet Meats and Sherbet to be brought from the Seraglio and after Prayers all eat and drink of them M. de Thev On this day the Poets make Sonnets in the praise of Mahomet which they rehearse publickly and are rewarded accordingly and Boys in Fez carry Wax Torches to School which they light before day and let them burn till Sun-rising all this while singing Mahomet's Praise Candles are on this day presented to the King of incredible height and bigness who that night hears all the Law read Ross Ancient Heathen Oct. 28. Mysteria minora 29. Libero Sacr. Nov. 1. Jovis Epulum Anthesteria seu Bacchanalia Sr. Thomas Herbert in his Travels in the E. Indies thought he found some remainders of this Festival in Casta as he guess'd by the dress mimic frisks and nightly pastimes the women practice There they covered themselves with skins adorn'd their heads had tresses with Ivy in one hand holding a leav'd Javelin and Cymbals of brass or Timbrels in the other attended by many boys and girls rambling like distracted people up and down and striving to rend the air with their continual clamours Sr. Tho. Herbert Modern Heathen Homespet amadum a feast on the 30 of Spindumu'd or Octob. Jewish 9. In Chisleu November December Chisleu 25. The feast of Dedication 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in remembrance of the Dedication of the Altar appointed by Judas Macchabeus as also of their deliverance from Antiochus and his Idolatry Vid. 1. Macc. 4.59 Joh. 10.22 It lasted seven days 28. A fast Jehojakim burnt the Roll which Baruch wrote from the mouth of Jeremy Scal. Ancient Christian Nov. 21. Vedenia priziste bogorodice or the oblation of the Blessed mother of God A Festival of the Muscovites Mr. Hales of Eaton in one of his Sermons complains we bring the Church and Kitchin together for when we celebrate the memorial of any Saint Apostle Martyr do we not call this solemnity their Feast and accordingly solemnize it with excess of cheer Stultum est nimia Saturitate honorare velle Martyrem Hierom. The Ancient Ethnics were wont to celebrate their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 feasts of Sobriety and fasting in the honour of their Drunken God Bacchus upon the like fancy Christians appoint Feasts in the honour of Temperate Saints The Church of Rome to this lap the relicks and ashes of Saints in silk and costly stuff and shrine them in silver and gold whereas when the Saints themselves were on Earth and their bodies living Temples of the Holy Ghost they would have thought themselves much wronged if any such costly ornaments should have been employed about them We think that God and the Saints are like us and taken with such things as please us Machiavel in the life of Castruccio Castracano a Gentleman of Luca tells that he delighted much in often feasting and being reproved answered If feasting were not a good thing men would not honour God and the Saints so much with it Lo here the natural consequences of Church-Feasts It is an Apology for Luxury It was a Custom in the Church in sundry places for all young and old upon the Vigils of the Martyrs to come together by Night and meet in Church-yards and Eat and Drink on the Tombs of the Martyrs Vigilantius reproved it and justly for nox vinum Mulier c. Night Wine and Women c. This put S. Hierom into a fit of Choler by common consent this Custom was laid down Mahometan Persian Techrion-el ilani 30 Days 26 of this Moon at Night Mahomet's Ascension to Heaven from the Alboraoh is celebrated as a great Festival Turkish Rebiul ahhir ai 29 Days Ancient Heathen Nov. 15. Ludi Plebei 24. Brumalia Dec. 1. Fortunae muliebris fest 3. Posidonia 5. Faunalia 11. Alcyonii dies 14. Brumalia Ambrosia Modern Heathen Medusan a Festival of the Persees kept on the 11th of Adebese or December This as all the other is kept in memory of the Creation or monthly benefits Sir Tho. Herb. 10. In Tebeth December January Jewish 8. A Fast The Law was written in Greek in the days of K. Ptolomy Darkness for 3 days over the world Scal. 4. Fast for turning the Bible out of holy Hebrew into profane Greek Dr. Addison 9. Our Masters have not written the Cause why this Day was marked for a Fast Scal. 10. A Fast Jerusalem was besieged by the King of Babylon Idem and Dr. Addison Ancient Christian Dec. 25. Rosostua Christoua the Nativity of Christ a Feast of the Muscovites Epiphany Christmas-day 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Naz. Orat. 38 Observe 1. The Time In January on Epiphany-day probably in the East Clem. Alex. saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 So Lydiat in Emend Temp. Upon Advice from the West-Churches they changed it to Dec. 25. S. Chrysostome Serm. 31. Tom. 5. saith it was not above 10 years since in that Ghurch Antioch it began to be kept on that day and offers several reasons to prove that to be the day S. Ambrose Serm. 13. Length of nights had possessed the whole day had not the coming of Christ shined gloriously in the very shortness of days c. S. August Our Lord was born on the eighth of the Calends of January when the days begin to lengthen Aug. in Psal 132. et de Trin. l. 3. c. 5. So Orosius on the 8th of the Kal. of Jan. Oros l. 7. c. 2. S. Bernard Christ was born in the winter Bern. in Nat. Dom. Ser. 3. So Nicephorus Hist Eccl. l. 1. c. 12. Chemnitius Genebrard So the Arabian Persian and Syriac Churches Mr. Greg. Notes and Obs Soaliger H. Broughton Jacob Capella Alsted say Sept. or Octob. 2. The Antiquity In the 2d Century 't is mentioned by Theophilus Bishop of Caesarca Next by the Decretal Epistles but those suspected Next by Nicephorus H. Eccl. l. 7. c. 6. Who tells of Dioclesian burning a whole Church of Christians assembled to celebrate that Festival Dr. Brown in his Travels saith the Festivity of Christmas is observed at Vienna much after the same manner ceremonies and solemnity as in Italy p. 152. Jan. 6. Epiphany properly so called from the appearance 1. Of the star 2. The Trinity at Christ's baptism 3. The Divinity at Cana. Jan. 6. Bose Jaulenia or Chreschenia Epiphany A Festival of the Muscovites At Vienna the old Custom of chusing K. and Qu. was observed Count Lesly happened to be King the Emperor laid the Cloth and the Empress filled out

Sacrifices c. with some Expositions thereof out of the Talmud 7. They pray in particular for the re-building of Jerusalem and their return thither with great vociferation and rejoycing 8. They read a long Prayer collected out of the Psalms and 1 Chron. 30. 9. They conclude with singing those words of Obadiah v. 17 18 c. Other Songs also they sing much to this purpose When they say Hearken O Israel the LORD our GOD is One LORD they turn their heads to the four Corners of the World When they say Isa 6.3 Holy Holy Holy c. they leap three times 10. They utter an execrable Prayer against the Christians 11. They pray for Peace bowing to the Right and Left and depart backward out of the Synagogue looking to the Ark. Ancient Christian The Order of Divine Service out of Ignatius 1. On Sunday is a publick meeting out of both City and Countrey where are read as time will permit the Prophets and Apostles The Reader having ended 2. The Pastor or President makes an Exhortation 3. Afterwards we all rise up and offer Prayers 4. Then is brought Bread Wine and Water 5. Then the Pastor according to his Abilities offers up Prayers and Thanks-givings the People saying Amen 6. Then Distribution is made and 7. By the Deacon sent to such as are absent 8. The Wealthier-contribute if they will which deposited with the Pastor is to be given to the Poor The Order of Divine Service out of Tertullian We come together into the Congregatign that we may as it were with an Army besiege God with our Prayers 1. We Pray for the Emperors and their Ministers 2. We are Assembled for the reading of the Divine Scriptures 3. There are also Exhortations 4. Castigations and the Divine Censure And Judgment is passed with a great deal of weight and authority as among those who are certain of the presence and inspection of God c. 5. Every one brings some small piece of mony to the Chest if he can one day in a Month or when he will for no man is compelled but gives freely 6. This is as it were a pious Depositum for the feeding and interring of the Poor for boys and Girls destitute of Estate and Parents also for such as are aged such as have suffered Shipwrack The Order of Divine Service in Muscovy out of the D. of Holstein's Embassad 1. The whole service consists of certain Chapters out of the Bible Psalms and the Athanasian Creed 2. Whereto they add a Homily out of S. Chrysostome 3. And certain Prayers which they sing much in like manner as Antiphonaes are Sung saying ever and anon Gospodi Pommilui Lord have mercy upon me which the People repeat three times making the sign of the Cross 4. The Priest goes up to the Altar reads S. Basil's Liturgy and takes the Sacrament himself but gives it to none else Modern Heathen The Bannyans in Devotion to their Pagods under their Trees 1. Receive an Unction and Sprinklings of sundry coloured Powders c. 2. Pay their Tithes and Offerings 3. Repeat their Orisons 4. Make Processions 5. Sing and perform may Mysteries c. Sir Tho. Herb. The Siamites use abundance of Lights before their Pagods in time of Service They likewise Incense them and adorn them with Flowers and precious Stones Mandelslo At Banerous in India when the Pagod was opened 1. Four Bramins came with a Censer each of them followed by a rabble of other Bramins that made a hideous noise with Drums and Trumpets c. 2. The two eldest sang a Song the People singing in a Tune and playing with every one a Peacock's Tail or such like Flabel to keep the Flies off from the Idol 3. Half an hour after the beginning of this Musick two principal Bramins made a great noise three times with two little Bells and a kind of Mallet knockt at the Pagod-door 4. This done the Pagod was open'd and the Idol Ram to be seen the People falling upon the ground with their hands on their heads prostrating three times 5. Then rising up they threw great quantities of Nosegays and Garlands to the Priests with which the Priest touch'd the Idol and restored them again 6. Before the Altar stood a Bramin holding a Lamp of nine Wicks lighted in his hand on which he cast Incense Then the Pagod was shut and the People departed Tavernier 1. Particular Parts of Divine Worship and 1. of Prayer Jewish Observe 1. THE Orators or Persons praying The Priest as Speaker for the People the People by way of consent and communion with the Priest 2. The Times or Seasons There were 4 hours of Prayer daily observed in the Temple There are now but three in the Synagogues Dr. Addison 3. The Place 1. The Temple 2. The Synagogues 3. Private Places 4. The Form All in Form of which there were 18 in number belonging to their Liturgy in our Saviour's time Dr. Lightfoot Their Prayers now are very many and therefore they run them over in Hebrew Rhimes c. Purchas 5. The Gesture They pray standing with their Loins girt and their Bodies bowed a little and their Faces toward Jerusalem at Confession of Sins using prostration and at Praises extraordinary jumping up as at those words Holy Holy Holy Lord God of Sabbaoth as is said before Dr. Addison Rosse adds Laying their hand on their heart They hold it a great sin in praying to belch yatch spit or break wind because they hold the Angels to be there present Rosse They believe That whosoever saith heartily Amen hastens their Redemption Idem Ancient Christian The Method and Order of Divine Service among the Indian Christians out of Sir Tho. Herbert 1. They Assemble chearfully 2. Shut their Eyes at Entrance 3. Salute the Priest with humble Reverence who resalutes them by lifting up his hands and eyes 4. The Priest at a set Hour begins Prayers seldom exceeding two Hours in the whole Exercise 1. Making a brief Confession 2. The People assenting in an Unanimous Amen 3. Expounding some part of Scripture during which their Attention Looks and Silence is commendable 4. Singing an Hymn 5. At parting out of the Church re-saluting the Priest who ceases not to elevate his hands 'till all the People are departed N. Every first Sunday in the Month the Priest reads a Homily writ as they say by the Apostle or some of his Disciples The Order of the Armenian-Service out of M. Tavernier l. 1. c. 3. 1. They put off their Shoes and enter into Church 2. When they hear Mass they sit with their heads covered all the Service-time except at the Elevation of the Host for then they take off their Bonnets and kiss the Earth three times 3. There was viz. at the Church in Egmiasin upon the Altar a Cross with Six Candlesticks of Gold and upon the Steps to the Altar four Candlesticks of Silver five foot high 4. After they had sung several Hymns the Patriarch seated himself in a Chair