Selected quad for the lemma: earth_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
earth_n	bulwark_n	fort_n	great_a	14	3	2.1077	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06617	Instructions for the warres Amply, learnedly, and politiquely, discoursing the method of militarie discipline. Originally written in French by that rare and worthy generall, Monsieur William de Bellay, Lord of Langey, Knight of the order of Fraunce, and the Kings lieutenant in Thurin. Translated by Paule Iue, Gent.; Instructions sur le faict de la guerre. English	Fourquevaux, Raimond de Beccarie de Pavie, baron de, 1509-1574.; Ive, Paul. Practise of fortification. aut; Du Bellay, Guillaume, 1491-1543, attributed name.	1589 (1589)	STC 1708.5; ESTC S109957	278,520	369

than_o the_o one_o three_o part_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o shoulder_n and_o flank_v together_o for_o the_o thick_a the_o shoulder_n be_v the_o long_a it_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o resist_v a_o battery_n and_o the_o better_o be_v defend_v wherefore_o take_v 25._o foot_n signify_v by_o the_o line_n c.g._n which_o 25._o foot_n the_o flank_n be_v raise_v with_o the_o scarpe_a that_o the_o curtin_n will_v make_v may_v be_v some_o 28._o foot_n or_o more_o or_o less_o as_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v show_v and_o to_o have_v the_o front_n of_o the_o bulwark_n first_o divide_v the_o angle_n f.a.b._n into_o two_o equal_a part_n with_o the_o line_n h.i._n and_o from_o the_o flank_v or_o other_o place_n from_o whence_o you_o will_v defend_v the_o front_n of_o the_o bulwark_n draw_v a_o right_a line_n of_o infinite_a length_n which_o must_v cut_v the_o line_n c.d._n in_o the_o prick_n e._n and_o the_o line_n h.i._n where_o it_o happen_v as_o in_o the_o prick_n k._n which_o shall_v be_v the_o line_n q.r._n and_o after_o this_o manner_n shall_v you_o frame_v the_o bulwark_n as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o figure_n but_o here_o note_v that_o the_o exterior_a angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n will_v not_o always_o fall_v out_o upon_o the_o line_n h.i._n for_o when_o the_o front_n of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v not_o defend_v from_o like_a distance_n and_o the_o flank_n and_o shoulder_n of_o equal_a thickness_n then_o can_v the_o front_n be_v of_o equal_a length_n the_o foundation_n ditch_n secret_a ditch_n and_o countermine_n have_v lay_v out_o the_o superfice_n that_o the_o fort_n will_v occupy_v begin_v to_o break_v ground_n bring_v the_o earth_n inward_a into_o the_o fort_n to_o rampire_n withal_o foresee_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v to_o avoid_v the_o superfluous_a charge_n of_o oft_o remove_v it_o and_o when_o you_o have_v dig_v seven_o or_o eight_o foot_n deep_o than_o you_o pretend_v to_o make_v the_o ditch_n or_o more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o ground_n lay_v the_o superficies_n of_o that_o bottom_n somewhat_o hang_v inward_a towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o fort_n and_o work_v your_o foundation_n as_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v show_v the_o depth_n of_o which_o ditch_n in_o dry_a ground_n may_v be_v 30._o or_o 40._o foot_n and_o more_o according_a to_o the_o cost_n that_o will_v be_v bestow_v beside_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o secret_a ditch_n which_o may_v be_v make_v in_o the_o great_a ditch_n to_o ease_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o building_n which_o also_o may_v be_v 20._o foot_n broad_a and_o 10._o or_o 12._o foot_n deep_a for_o the_o chief_a strength_n in_o a_o fort_n that_o stand_v dry_a be_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o ditch_n for_o the_o deep_a the_o ditch_n be_v the_o more_o trouble_v it_o give_v a_o enemy_n in_o cut_v the_o counterscarpe_n and_o in_o myne_v the_o better_a it_o will_v receive_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o breach_n and_o make_v the_o assault_n more_o difficile_a but_o where_o water_n abound_v that_o depth_n can_v be_v have_v neither_o be_v it_o altogether_o necessary_a but_o there_o 10._o or_o 12._o foot_n under_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n or_o more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o water_n will_v permit_v be_v to_o be_v think_v a_o great_a depth_n but_o than_o it_o must_v be_v the_o broad_a as_o 100_o or_o 120._o foot_n as_o be_v before_o show_v where_o the_o other_o need_v not_o be_v above_o 60._o or_o 70._o foot_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o breadth_n in_o the_o one_o be_v that_o a_o enemy_n may_v be_v the_o more_o trouble_v to_o aboard_o the_o fort_n and_o of_o that_o narrowne_n in_o the_o other_o that_o he_o may_v be_v the_o more_o offend_v in_o the_o approach_n and_o cut_v the_o counterscarpe_n and_o that_o the_o defender_n may_v be_v the_o more_o cover_v in_o the_o ditch_n but_o when_o by_o this_o ditch_n and_o secret_a ditch_n a_o fort_n can_v be_v assure_v from_o the_o mine_n which_o a_o enemy_n may_v put_v in_o practice_n then_o must_v a_o countermine_n be_v make_v which_o countermine_n of_o some_o have_v be_v make_v to_o little_a effect_n upon_o the_o foundation_n within_o the_o fort._n but_o of_o other_o without_o in_o the_o ditch_n hard_o against_o the_o foundation_n to_o better_a purpose_n but_o that_o it_o weaken_v the_o foot_n of_o the_o wall_n wherefore_o to_o avoid_v that_o danger_n make_v the_o countermine_n 25._o or_o 30._o foot_n distant_a from_o the_o wall_n and_o so_o deep_a in_o the_o ground_n as_o a_o enemy_n may_v go_v with_o a_o i_o which_o countermine_n must_v be_v 4._o foot_n broad_a and_o 6._o or_o 7._o foot_n high_a and_o must_v have_v vent_v make_v in_o the_o top_n of_o it_o whereby_o it_o may_v receive_v light_a and_o the_o best_a way_n into_o it_o be_v some_o 40._o foot_n distant_a from_o the_o bulwark_n orechion_n or_o cullion_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o that_o it_o may_v be_v use_v not_o trouble_v or_o impeach_v the_o bulwark_n nor_o impeach_v by_o it_o but_o in_o the_o work_n it_o must_v be_v the_o last_o thing_n perform_v when_o the_o ditch_n be_v empty_v but_o for_o the_o foundation_n of_o a_o fort_n if_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v make_v in_o a_o fen_n marish_a or_o other_o such_o like_a ground_n which_o of_o themselves_o be_v not_o able_a to_o bear_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o rampire_n that_o shall_v be_v raise_v upon_o they_o lay_v a_o travers_n of_o tree_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o okes_n or_o other_o wood_n which_o will_v long_o continue_v good_a in_o the_o earth_n lay_v they_o thwart_o wise_a in_o the_o work_n the_o one_o fast_o and_o close_o shut_v to_o the_o other_o and_o hang_v somewhat_o inward_a towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o fort._n and_o where_o this_o foundation_n be_v not_o think_v to_o be_v sufficient_a there_o drive_v in_o pile_n the_o one_o half_a a_o foot_n distant_a from_o the_o other_o or_o more_o or_o less_o as_o shall_v be_v needful_a first_o drive_v in_o one_o pile_n as_o far_o as_o it_o may_v go_v and_o by_o the_o depth_n of_o that_o one_o pile_n in_o the_o ground_n fit_v the_o length_n of_o all_o the_o other_o which_o pile_n be_v drive_v even_o with_o the_o ground_n pare_v away_o the_o earth_n betwixt_o the_o pile_n head_n some_o half_a a_o foot_n deep_a or_o more_o and_o in_o stead_n of_o that_o earth_n so_o pare_v away_o ram_n in_o stone_n with_o a_o rammer_n and_o upon_o those_o pile_n head_n lay_v a_o travers_n of_o tree_n as_o before_o and_o upon_o that_o travers_n begin_v your_o foundation_n of_o stone_n which_o must_v rise_v both_o outward_o and_o inward_o two_o foot_n broad_a than_o the_o wall_n with_o the_o esperon_n or_o counterfort_n that_o shall_v be_v raise_v upon_o it_o and_o half_o a_o foot_n high_o than_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ditch_n to_o the_o intent_n it_o may_v the_o better_o support_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o rampire_n that_o shall_v be_v lay_v upon_o it_o but_o where_o you_o find_v quick_a sand_n quage_n and_o such_o like_a there_o must_v you_o not_o work_n much_o of_o the_o foundation_n at_o once_o lest_o the_o quage_n master_v you_o and_o the_o fit_a stuff_n for_o such_o a_o foundation_n be_v great_a chalk_n stone_n of_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a or_o three_o foot_n long_o rough_o square_v and_o lay_v bond_n wise_a with_o the_o dust_n of_o the_o lyme-kill_a or_o untempered_a lime_n pour_v in_o betwixt_o their_o joint_n by_o basket_n full_a and_o in_o this_o manner_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o gravel_v wrought_v upon_o a_o quick_a sand_n so_o likewise_o with_o chalk_n or_o stone_n which_o you_o find_v ready_a you_o may_v make_v a_o foundation_n in_o any_o other_o place_n where_o water_n do_v trouble_v you_o in_o depen_v of_o the_o ditch_n or_o lay_v the_o foundation_n if_o it_o can_v not_o otherwise_o be_v void_v use_v chain_n pomp_n kettle_n mill_n or_o such_o other_o like_o invention_n whereof_o georgius_n agricola_n do_v make_v demonstration_n in_o his_o sixth_o book_n de_fw-fr re_fw-mi metalica_fw-la and_o where_o you_o find_v part_n rock_n and_o part_n earth_n make_v a_o firm_a foundation_n in_o the_o earth_n until_o it_o rise_v even_o with_o the_o rock_n leave_v the_o superficies_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o of_o the_o other_o somewhat_o hang_v inward_a towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o fort._n and_o building_n upon_o the_o entire_a rock_n plain_n the_o superficies_n of_o it_o somewhat_o hang_v toward_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o fort_n but_o build_v upon_o the_o edge_n of_o a_o rock_n cut_v the_o same_o edge_n in_o manner_n of_o step_n of_o four_o or_o five_o foot_n broad_a leave_v the_o superficies_n of_o these_o step_n somewhat_o hang_v inward_a as_o before_o and_o so_o proceed_v but_o in_o these_o foundation_n

use_v the_o advice_n and_o counsel_n of_o the_o practise_a mason_n for_o his_o experience_n sake_n the_o say_a foundation_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o evennes_n and_o ready_a for_o the_o wall_n that_o shall_v be_v raise_v upon_o it_o will_v be_v like_o the_o figure_n follow_v the_o wall_n counterfort_n rampire_n privy_a door_n parapet_n or_o vammure_v way_n by_o which_o the_o artillery_n must_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o first_o place_n or_o casmate_n in_o the_o flank_n casmate_n in_o the_o ditch_n cover_v way_n and_o argine_n the_o foundation_n lay_v out_o lay_v out_o upon_o it_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o length_n of_o the_o counterfort_n that_o shall_v be_v raise_v upon_o it_o for_o which_o thickness_n observe_v this_o order_n that_o the_o deep_a the_o ditch_n and_o high_a the_o wall_n be_v raise_v the_o broad_a it_o must_v be_v at_o the_o ground_n that_o it_o may_v the_o better_o bear_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o rampire_n that_o shall_v be_v lay_v against_o it_o wherefore_o at_o fifty_o foot_n deep_o make_v the_o wall_n 5._o or_o 6._o foot_n broad_a at_o the_o ground_n at_o forty_o 4._o at_o thirty_o 3._o foot_n and_o at_o twenty_o two_o and_o a_o half_a or_o less_o and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o thinness_n upward_o be_v both_o to_o avoid_v superfluous_a charge_n and_o to_o the_o intent_n the_o wall_n may_v both_o the_o long_o resist_v a_o battery_n and_o that_o be_v batter_v the_o ruin_n may_v occupy_v the_o less_o place_n in_o the_o ditch_n and_o as_o for_o the_o counterfort_n they_o need_v not_o to_o be_v set_v near_o together_o than_o twelve_o foot_n where_o the_o wall_n be_v not_o above_o 25._o or_o 30._o foot_n deep_a nor_o will_v be_v set_v further_o asunder_o then_o 10._o foot_n where_o the_o wall_n will_v be_v 40._o or_o upward_o and_o they_o may_v be_v make_v of_o diverse_a form_n as_o of_o equedistant_a side_n thin_a in_o the_o midst_n and_o thick_a at_o both_o end_n thin_a at_o the_o wall_n and_o thick_a in_o the_o rampire_n triangular_a or_o broad_a at_o the_o wall_n and_o thin_a behind_o as_o in_o the_o figure_n be_v see_v which_o with_o those_o of_o equedistant_a side_n be_v the_o best_a the_o breadth_n of_o which_o counterfort_n at_o the_o wall_n may_v be_v four_o foot_n or_o less_o with_o consideration_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o at_o the_o thin_a end_v two_o foot_n more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o stuff_n will_v give_v it_o those_o in_o the_o bulwark_n will_v be_v eightene_v foot_n long_o and_o those_o in_o the_o curtain_n fouretene_fw-mi foot_n the_o benefit_n that_o a_o fort_n have_v of_o they_o be_v they_o keep_v the_o rampire_n firm_a against_o a_o battery_n from_o fall_v give_v a_o enemy_n travel_n to_o break_v they_o and_o help_v the_o wall_n to_o bear_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o earth_n wherewith_o it_o be_v charge_v and_o the_o reason_n why_o those_o in_o the_o bulwark_n shall_v be_v long_o than_o those_o in_o the_o curtin_n be_v because_o the_o bulwark_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o a_o battery_n then_o a_o curtain_n and_o not_o so_o well_o defend_v for_o a_o curtain_n be_v defend_v from_o two_o flank_n and_o the_o front_n of_o a_o bulwark_n but_o from_o one_o of_o all_o which_o be_v demonstration_n make_v in_o the_o figure_n follow_v the_o wall_n and_o it_o esperon_n or_o counterfort_n be_v lay_v out_o begin_v to_o raise_v up_o the_o same_o give_v unto_o it_o in_o every_o eight_o nine_o or_o ten_o foot_n in_o height_n one_o foot_n of_o scarpe_a hatter_a or_o come_v in_o the_o inside_n equedistant_a unto_o the_o outside_n and_o the_o inner_a end_n and_o side_n of_o the_o conterfort_n plumbe_v work_v they_o up_o together_o with_o the_o wall_n and_o fill_v they_o with_o good_a earth_n well_o beat_v and_o ram_v together_o as_o the_o work_n rise_v and_o likewise_o the_o side_n of_o the_o cullion_n next_o the_o flank_n must_v be_v plumbe_v and_o when_o the_o exterior_a angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n fall_v out_o sharp_a then_o make_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o that_o be_v subject_a to_o battery_n flat_a or_o round_o leave_v the_o under_o part_n sharp_a to_o the_o intent_n a_o enemy_n may_v not_o stand_v cover_v behind_o that_o flatnesse_n or_o roundness_n from_o the_o artillery_n in_o the_o flank_n but_o here_o marvel_v not_o that_o i_o speak_v of_o so_o little_a scarpe_n as_o of_o one_o in_o eight_o nine_o or_o ten_o foot_n other_o before_o have_v put_v in_o practice_n one_o in_o four_o and_o one_o in_o five_o foot_n hold_v opinion_n that_o by_o that_o scarpe_a a_o wall_n shall_v the_o long_o stand_v against_o a_o battery_n but_o their_o reason_n to_o prove_v it_o be_v not_o great_a and_o the_o effect_n be_v less_o but_o the_o discommodity_n a_o wall_n receive_v of_o that_o so_o great_a scarpe_n be_v that_o oft_o time_n through_o the_o great_a weight_n of_o the_o top_n it_o lose_v it_o foot_n and_o shoot_v beside_o the_o weather_n have_v the_o more_o power_n of_o it_o which_o also_o in_o few_o year_n cause_v it_o ruin_n and_o hereof_o in_o the_o low_a country_n be_v sufficient_a proof_n in_o the_o frontier_n make_v by_o the_o late_a emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o diverse_a of_o their_o wall_n have_v give_v way_n two_o or_o three_o hundred_o foot_n at_o once_o but_o one_o foot_n in_o eight_o nine_o or_o ten_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o wall_n raise_v equidistant_a unto_o the_o outside_n be_v give_v to_o the_o intent_n that_o the_o wall_n lean_v inward_o shall_v the_o better_o resist_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o rampire_n lay_v against_o it_o in_o raise_v of_o this_o wall_n and_o it_o conterfort_n must_v the_o privy_a door_n and_o the_o way_n unto_o it_o by_o which_o the_o ditch_n and_o argin_n shall_v be_v defend_v be_v think_v upon_o which_o must_v be_v make_v descendent_a from_o the_o first_o place_n in_o the_o flank_n into_o the_o ditch_n as_o in_o the_o figure_n follow_v be_v see_v the_o fit_a stuff_n to_o make_v the_o face_n of_o a_o fort_n be_v brick_n and_o such_o other_o like_o soft_a stone_n but_o the_o next_o to_o hand_n and_o best_a cheap_a must_v always_o be_v take_v have_v raise_v the_o wall_n until_o the_o first_o place_n in_o the_o flank_n cordone_v or_o full_a height_n and_o fill_v it_o with_o good_a earth_n well_o beat_v and_o ram_v which_o height_n may_v be_v five_o or_o six_o foot_n above_o the_o argine_n and_o ten_o or_o eleven_o foot_n above_o the_o conterscarpe_a or_o level_v it_o stand_v upon_o make_v the_o fort_n defenceable_a raise_v a_o parapet_n or_o vammure_v upon_o the_o front_n of_o the_o bulwark_n and_o curtain_n of_o good_a earth_n of_o ten_o foot_n thick_a the_o inside_n four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a or_o five_o foot_n high_a and_o the_o outside_n three_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a or_o more_o because_o it_o will_v settle_v which_o outside_n and_o inside_n must_v be_v of_o turf_n and_o the_o superficies_n must_v be_v beat_v and_o lay_v hang_v toward_o the_o ditch_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o covered_a way_n and_o counterscarp_n may_v be_v open_a unto_o the_o defender_n from_o the_o inner_a edge_n of_o the_o parapet_n but_o the_o parapet_n in_o the_o flank_n will_v be_v 25._o or_o 30._o foot_n thick_a &_o that_o upon_o the_o cullion_n 20._o foot_n at_o the_o least_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v hereafter_o sufficient_o show_v afterward_o draw_v a_o line_n 50._o foot_n equidistant_a unto_o the_o parapet_n in_o the_o flank_n for_o the_o requoyle_n of_o the_o artillery_n and_o another_o line_n 15._o foot_n equidistant_a unto_o the_o parapet_n upon_o the_o curtain_n for_o the_o defendor_n to_o pass_v between_o the_o parapet_n and_o the_o rampire_n that_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v raise_v upon_o the_o curtain_n at_o this_o say_a line_n and_o from_o a_o prick_n 20._o foot_n distant_a from_o the_o parapet_n upon_o the_o shoulder_n of_o the_o bulwark_n extend_v a_o line_n toward_o the_o exterior_a angle_n of_o the_o same_o but_o not_o equidistant_a unto_o the_o parapet_n but_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o rampire_n which_o shall_v be_v raise_v at_o that_o line_n may_v be_v defend_v from_o the_o artillery_n in_o the_o second_o place_n of_o the_o flank_n as_o the_o front_n of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v from_o the_o first_o and_o upon_o this_o flower_n also_o or_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n under_o it_o to_o the_o intent_n they_o may_v lie_v the_o low_a will_v the_o flower_n and_o way_n for_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o artillery_n into_o the_o casemate_n and_o front_n of_o the_o bulwark_n and_o likewise_o that_o out_o of_o the_o one_o flank_n into_o the_o other_o be_v lay_v which_o must_v be_v so_o broad_a that_o any_o piece_n may_v pass_v with_o ease_n but_o that_o for_o the_o passage_n from_o flank_n to_o flank_n may_v be_v broad_a than_o the_o other_o and_o

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because_o that_o of_o himself_o he_o shall_v easy_o understand_v what_o space_n and_o how_o much_o place_n every_o man_n ought_v to_o occupy_v in_o his_o quarter_n which_o may_v not_o be_v understand_v and_o observe_v by_o those_o that_o do_v seek_v to_o lodge_v their_o camp_n in_o strong_a place_n because_o that_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o alter_v the_o form_n of_o their_o camp_n according_a unto_o the_o variety_n of_o the_o situation_n whereunto_o the_o roman_n will_v in_o no_o case_n be_v subject_a for_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o they_o do_v always_o fortify_v by_o their_o art_n the_o situation_n which_o be_v weak_a of_o themselves_o as_o we_o may_v do_v if_o we_o will_v and_o use_v it_o in_o the_o same_o sort_n that_o they_o do_v or_o in_o better_a for_o we_o have_v ordnance_n which_o they_o have_v not_o albeit_o that_o they_o have_v certain_a other_o engine_n which_o never_o have_v be_v put_v in_o use_n since_o the_o say_a ordnance_n have_v be_v invent_v neither_o be_v 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