place_n of_o a_o ship_n in_o a_o voyage_n p._n 361_o lib._n 1._o c._n 2._o a_o half_a english_a foot_n a_o half_a dutch_a and_o also_o a_o old_a roman_a half_a foot_n a_o half_a foot_n of_o paris_n in_o french_a and_o also_o a_o half_a greek_a foot_n a_o half_a foot_n of_o antwerp_n in_o handers_n a_o half_a egyptian_a foot_n from_o alexandria_n a_o half_a babylonian_a foot_n mention_v by_o historian_n a_o half_a foot_n of_o venice_n a_o half_a foot_n of_o toledo_n in_o spain_n a_o half_a foot_n of_o vienna_n in_o austria_n the_o proportion_n of_o diverse_a mile_n according_a to_o their_o compaired_a length_n lib._n 1._o c._n 2._o a_o indian_a mile_n a_o russian_a mile_n a_o mile_n of_o cambaja_n a_o english_a mile_n a_o french_a mile_n and_o almost_o a_o old_a arabian_a league_n a_o holland_n mile_n a_o spanish_a league_n a_o german_a mile_n a_o swedish_n mile_n the_o absolute_a or_o complete_a part_n of_o general_n geography_n book_n i._o sect_n i._o chap._n i._o concern_v the_o precognita_n or_o thing_n know_v before_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o art_n itself_o as_o the_o definition_n division_n object_n property_n principle_n order_n method_n original_a excellency_n and_o other_o affection_n of_o geography_n to_o be_v speak_v of_o by_o way_n of_o preface_n necessary_a a_o preface_n to_o a_o art_n very_o necessary_a the_o custom_n or_o fashion_n have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n prevail_v that_o they_o who_o complete_o treat_v of_o and_o handle_v any_o art_n or_o science_n do_v in_o the_o first_o place_n declare_v some_o thing_n touch_v the_o condition_n method_n constitution_n and_o other_o property_n of_o their_o doctrine_n neither_o do_v i_o think_v that_o this_o be_v do_v by_o they_o without_o reason_n so_o that_o it_o be_v perform_v without_o any_o sophistical_a encroachment_n see_v that_o by_o such_o like_a forehad_a instruction_n the_o reader_n understanding_n may_v beforehand_o conceive_v a_o certain_a idea_n or_o platform_n of_o the_o whole_a art_n or_o science_n to_o be_v afterward_o handle_v or_o at_o least_o may_v understand_v the_o argument_n or_o content_n thereof_o and_o withal_o may_v gather_v thereby_o how_o he_o ought_v to_o order_v himself_o in_o the_o study_v the_o same_o i_o therefore_o shall_v in_o this_o chapter_n deliver_v some_o few_o passage_n concern_v the_o same_o the_o definition_n of_o geography_n geography_n be_v call_v a_o mix_v mathematical_a science_n which_o teach_v the_o affection_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o part_n thereof_o depend_v of_o quantity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o figure_n place_n magnitude_n and_o other_o like_a property_n geography_n by_o some_o but_o too_o strict_o be_v take_v for_o the_o only_a description_n and_o place_v the_o country_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a by_o other_o it_o be_v extend_v but_o too_o large_o to_o the_o political_a description_n of_o every_o country_n but_o these_o man_n be_v easy_o excuse_v see_v they_o do_v it_o to_o retain_v and_o stir_v up_o the_o reader_n affection_n who_o otherwise_o by_o a_o bare_a account_n and_o naked_a description_n of_o those_o country_n will_v be_v make_v drowsy_a and_o heedless_a the_o division_n of_o geography_n we_o will_v divide_v geography_n into_o general_n and_o special_a or_o universal_a and_o particular_a general_n or_o universal_a geography_n be_v that_o which_o do_v general_o consider_v the_o earth_n and_o declare_v its_o property_n without_o any_o respect_n of_o particular_a country_n special_a or_o particular_a geography_n be_v that_o which_o teach_v the_o constitution_n and_o place_n of_o all_o single_a country_n or_o every_o country_n by_o itself_o and_o this_o particular_a geography_n be_v twofold_a part_n particular_a geography_n twofold_a chorographical_a and_o topographical_n general_n geography_n and_o its_o part_n to_o wit_n chorography_n and_o topography_n chorography_n propose_v the_o description_n of_o any_o country_n have_v at_o least_o a_o mean_a magnitude_n topography_n describe_v any_o little_a tract_n of_o land_n or_o place_n in_o this_o book_n we_o will_v present_v you_o with_o a_o general_n geography_n which_o we_o have_v distribute_v into_o three_o part_n to_o wit_n the_o absolute_a part_n the_o respective_a part_n and_o the_o comparative_a part_n in_o the_o absolute_a part_n we_o will_v consider_v the_o very_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o its_o part_n and_o proper_a affection_n and_o quality_n as_o figure_n magnitude_n motion_n land_n sea_n river_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o respective_a part_n we_o will_v contemplate_v those_o property_n and_o accident_n which_o from_o celestial_a cause_n happen_v to_o the_o earth_n and_o last_o the_o comparative_a part_n shall_v contain_v a_o explication_n of_o those_o property_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o compare_v of_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o object_n of_o geography_n the_o object_n of_o geography_n or_o subject_a about_o which_o it_o be_v employ_v be_v the_o earth_n but_o principal_o its_o superficies_n and_o part_n the_o property_n of_o geography_n those_o thing_n which_o deserve_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o every_o country_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o a_o triple_a kind_n to_o wit_n celestial_a terrestrial_a and_o human_a and_o therefore_o may_v be_v declare_v in_o the_o particular_a geography_n for_o every_o country_n with_o the_o profit_n of_o learner_n and_o reader_n geography_n the_o celestial_a property_n of_o geography_n i_o call_v those_o celestial_a property_n which_o depend_v on_o the_o apparent_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n star_n and_o other_o planet_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v eight_o 1._o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o from_o the_o pole_n 2._o the_o obliquity_n or_o wriness_n of_o the_o daily_a motion_n of_o the_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o that_o place_n 3._o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a and_o short_a day_n 4._o the_o climate_n and_o zone_n 5._o heatt_z and_o cold_a and_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n also_o rain_n snow_n wind_n and_o other_o meteor_n for_o although_o these_o thing_n may_v be_v refer_v to_o terrestrial_a property_n yet_o because_o they_o have_v a_o great_a affinity_n with_o the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n therefore_o we_o have_v marshal_v they_o in_o the_o order_n and_o rank_n of_o celestial_n 6._o the_o rise_n of_o the_o star_n their_o appearance_n and_o continuance_n above_o the_o horizon_n 7._o the_o star_n pass_v through_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o the_o place_n 8._o the_o quantity_n or_o swiftness_n of_o the_o motion_n wherewith_o according_a to_o copernicus_n his_o hypothesis_n each_o one_o be_v very_a hour_n wheel_v about_o according_a to_o astrologer_n a_o nine_o property_n may_v be_v add_v because_o they_o do_v appoint_v one_o of_o the_o twelve_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o the_o peculiar_a planet_n of_o that_o sign_n to_o rule_v and_o govern_v every_o country_n but_o this_o doctrine_n have_v ever_o seem_v to_o i_o frivolous_a neither_o can_v i_o perceive_v any_o ground_n for_o it_o nevertheless_o at_o the_o end_n of_o our_o special_a or_o particular_a geography_n we_o will_v reckon_v up_o this_o their_o distribution_n these_o may_v suffice_v for_o the_o celestial_a affection_n or_o property_n i_o call_v those_o terrestrial_a property_n which_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o place_n of_o every_o country_n itself_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v note_v ten._n 1._o the_o bound_n and_o circumference_n of_o the_o country_n 2_o it_o be_v figure_n 3_o it_o be_v magnitude_n 4_o its_o mountain_n 5_o its_o water_n as_o river_n spring_n bay_n of_o the_o sea_n 6_o the_o wood_n and_o desert_n 7_o the_o fruitfulness_n and_o barrenness_n as_o also_o the_o kind_n of_o fruit_n 8_o the_o mineral_n or_o thing_n dig_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n 9_o the_o live_a creature_n 10_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o first_o terrestrial_a property_n to_o wit_v the_o circumference_n geography_n the_o humane_a property_n of_o geography_n i_o make_v the_o three_o kind_n of_o property_n which_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o every_o country_n to_o be_v humane_a which_o do_v depend_v of_o the_o man_n or_o native_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n of_o which_o humane_a property_n about_o ten_o also_o may_v be_v make_v 1._o the_o stature_n of_o the_o native_n as_o to_o their_o shape_n colour_n length_n of_o life_n original_a meat_n drink_v &_o c._n 2_o their_o traffic_v and_o art_n in_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v employ_v 3_o their_o virtue_n vice_n learning_n wit_n &_o c._n 4_o their_o custom_n in_o marriage_n christen_n burial_n &_o c._n 5_o their_o speech_n and_o language_n 6_o their_o state-government_n 7_o their_o religion_n and_o church-government_n 8_o their_o city_n and_o most_o renown_a place_n 9_o their_o memorable_a history_n and10_n their_o famous_a man_n artifices_fw-la and_o invention_n of_o the_o native_n of_o all_o country_n
author_n for_o the_o confirmation_n thereof_o do_v use_n they_o propose_v so_o obscure_o and_o confuse_o that_o they_o can_v compel_v or_o convince_v a_o obstinate_a and_o pertinacious_a defender_n of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n we_o therefore_o as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v will_v most_o clear_o set_v forth_o those_o very_a opinion_n and_o examine_v they_o that_o the_o reader_n may_v have_v a_o distinct_a knowledge_n thereof_o round_o reason_n to_o prove_v the_o earth_n round_o first_o i_o reject_v the_o slight_a reason_n or_o argument_n which_o be_v probable_a or_o rather_o sophistical_a first_o the_o spheric_a figure_n be_v most_o capacious_a therefore_o the_o earth_n ought_v to_o have_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o figure_n second_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n tend_v to_o the_o same_o centre_n therefore_o all_o those_o part_n make_v a_o round_a figure_n three_o when_o as_o in_o the_o creation_n the_o water_n as_o yet_o be_v confuse_o mix_v with_o the_o earth_n without_o doubt_n the_o earth_n be_v moist_a and_o soft_a but_o the_o figure_n or_o shape_n of_o liquid_a thing_n be_v round_o or_o spherical_a therefore_o such_o also_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n remain_v after_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o moist_a from_o the_o dry_a these_o and_o the_o like_a argument_n be_v slight_v let_v we_o view_v and_o consider_v the_o strong_a and_o most_o solid_a there_o be_v but_o one_o argument_n of_o one_o and_o the_o first_o kind_n which_o be_v take_v à _fw-la priori_fw-la but_o the_o other_o two_o kind_n be_v take_v à _fw-la posteriori_fw-la to_o wit_n some_o argument_n be_v take_v from_o the_o celestial_a appearance_n some_o again_o from_o they_o which_o we_o either_o observe_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o in_o heaven_n as_o for_o the_o first_o argument_n conclude_v à _fw-la priori_fw-la it_o be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o water_n and_o this_o demonstration_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v take_v either_o from_o aristotle_n or_o archimedes_n aristotle_n in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la chap._n 5._o have_v propose_v his_o demonstration_n in_o these_o very_a word_n round_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n round_o it_o shall_v manifest_o appear_v that_o the_o superficies_n or_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v round_o if_o we_o shall_v take_v the_o supposition_n that_o water_n of_o its_o own_o nature_n make_v its_o confluence_n always_o to_o a_o hollow_a place_n and_o that_o that_o place_n be_v more_o concavous_a which_o be_v near_o the_o centre_n therefore_o from_o the_o centre_n a_o let_v the_o strait_a line_n a_o b_o and_o a_o g_o be_v draw_v and_z from_z b_o unto_z g_z let_v the_o line_n b_o g_o be_v draw_v scheme_n see_v scheme_n unto_o which_o from_o a_o let_v a_o perpendicular_a line_n a_o d_o be_v draw_v into_o e._n it_o be_v manifest_a therefore_o that_o the_o line_n a_o d_o be_v less_o than_o the_o line_n a_o b_o and_z a_o g_z by_o the_o 18_o of_o the_o first_o book_n of_o euclid_n element_n geometrical_a therefore_o this_o place_n d_o be_v more_o concavous_a wherefore_o the_o water_n shall_v flow_v from_o b_o and_z g_z until_o the_o line_n a_o b_o a_o d_o a_o g_o may_v be_v equal_a but_o a_o e_o be_v equal_a to_o a_o b_o a_o g_o therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o very_a water_n shall_v be_v in_o these_o line_n which_o be_v draw_v in_o the_o centre_n this_o part_n of_o the_o demonstration_n be_v clear_o know_v but_o a_o e_o etc._n etc._n make_v nothing_o for_o the_o demonstration_n but_o that_o line_n which_o touch_v they_o which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o centre_n be_v the_o circumference_n therefore_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n which_o true_o be_v b_o e_o g_o be_v round_o note_v thing_n to_o be_v note_v this_o be_v aristotle_n demonstration_n in_o which_o beside_o the_o confuse_a and_o evil_a composure_n thereof_o these_o thing_n i_o observe_v first_o that_o it_o suppose_v some_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n second_o that_o it_o take_v the_o place_n more_o or_o less_o bend_v down_o in_o regard_n of_o that_o centre_n for_o he_o which_o shall_v deny_v the_o shape_n or_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v spherical_a will_v call_v these_o thing_n into_o question_n yet_o the_o first_o may_v be_v sufficient_o concern_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n prove_v or_o correct_v for_o we_o must_v say_v that_o either_o the_o star_n be_v wheel_v round_o about_o by_o a_o diurnal_a motion_n or_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v turn_v round_o about_o its_o own_o centre_n for_o this_o the_o apparent_a motion_n of_o the_o star_n force_v and_o cause_v if_o the_o star_n than_o that_o point_n about_o which_o they_o be_v turn_v shall_v be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n if_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o middle_a point_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o that_o about_o which_o it_o be_v turn_v shall_v be_v take_v in_o the_o demonstration_n for_o the_o central_n point_n of_o aristotle_n but_o the_o chief_a difficulty_n lie_v in_o the_o second_o supposition_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o lesser_a or_o great_a declivity_n or_o bend_v downward_o aught_o to_o be_v consider_v in_o respect_n of_o that_o centre_n for_o he_o which_o will_v defend_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n to_o be_v plain_a and_o of_o another_o figure_n he_o will_v deny_v this_o supposition_n and_o will_v say_v that_o the_o declivity_n must_v be_v consider_v according_a to_o our_o sense_n to_o wit_n in_o respect_n of_o our_o horizontal_n plain_a according_a to_o which_o the_o earth_n with_o infinite_a space_n be_v extend_v into_o profundity_n or_o else_o he_o will_v define_v the_o declivity_n in_o another_o manner_n and_o thus_o this_o demonstration_n conclude_v nothing_o at_o all_o unless_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v be_v take_v in_o respect_n of_o that_o centre_n about_o which_o the_o daily_a apparent_a motion_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n be_v perform_v which_o thing_n although_o it_o may_v be_v true_a and_o all_o other_o definition_n of_o declivity_n according_a to_o which_o the_o water_n may_v be_v move_v may_v also_o be_v confute_v yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v admit_v for_o a_o principle_n see_v that_o it_o in_o a_o manner_n suppose_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v spherical_a aristotle_n archimedes_n his_o demonstration_n by_o some_o prefer_v before_o those_o of_o aristotle_n other_o therefore_o prefer_v archimedes_n his_o demonstration_n before_o this_o of_o aristotle_n which_o be_v find_v in_o his_o first_o book_n concern_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v carry_v in_o the_o water_n this_o indeed_o be_v more_o artificial_a than_o that_o of_o aristotle_n yet_o it_o be_v oppress_v with_o the_o same_o difficulty_n forasmuch_o as_o it_o suppose_v the_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o centre_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o it_o take_v the_o depression_n of_o the_o water_n we_o will_v bring_v hither_o some_o argument_n frame_v from_o those_o that_o be_v take_v from_o celestial_a appearance_n first_o let_v we_o conceive_v the_o meridian_n line_n of_o our_o place_n or_o of_o any_o point_n of_o b_o in_o the_o earth_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n or_o a_o section_n of_o the_o earth_n make_v in_o plane_n which_o through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n m_o n_n pass_v through_o a_o b_o c_o d_o this_o line_n be_v usual_o call_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o line_n which_o be_v draw_v perpendicular_a to_o this_o be_v name_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o another_o plain_a parallel_n to_o the_o celestial_a equator_fw-la make_v in_o the_o earth_n the_o line_n e_o b_o f_o c._n i_o say_v as_o well_o the_o line_n a_o b_o c_o d_o as_o the_o line_n e_o b_o f_o c_o in_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v circular_a but_o it_o be_v a_o geometrical_a thorem_fw-la if_o any_o superficies_n according_a to_o one_o dimension_n be_v cut_v through_o any_o point_n and_o the_o section_n be_v make_v in_o the_o periphery_a or_o circumference_n of_o the_o circle_n then_o according_a to_o the_o other_o dimension_n through_o the_o same_o point_n the_o section_n be_v make_v in_o plain_a which_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o former_a plain_n and_o the_o section_n again_o be_v make_v in_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n that_o superficies_n be_v spherical_a therefore_o because_o we_o have_v take_v the_o point_n b_o in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o our_o own_o pleasure_n and_o have_v show_v the_o section_n a_o b_o c_o d_o and_o e_o b_o f_o c_o to_o be_v the_o periphery_n of_o the_o circle_n body_n the_o earth_n a_o spherical_a body_n therefore_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a theorem_n we_o conclude_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a and_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o spherical_a body_n circular_a the_o section_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o the_o dimension_n
p_o s_o 40000_o pace_n be_v to_o b_o p_o 480_o pace_n so_o the_o whole_a sine_fw-la 10000000_o be_v to_o 11904_o the_o tangent_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n b_o s_o p_o or_o s_o r_o p_o or_o of_o the_o arch_n s_o p_o to_o wit_n 41_o minute_n therefore_o as_o 41_o minute_n be_v to_o 60_o minute_n so_o 40000_o pace_n be_v to_o 59000_o pace_n that_o be_v about_o 15_o mile_n for_o 1_o degree_n or_o the_o diameter_n p_o r_o may_v be_v find_v without_o the_o table_n of_o sines_n or_o without_o the_o find_v the_o perimeter_n for_o as_o b_o p_o be_v to_o p_o s_o so_o p_o s_n be_v to_o p_o r_o as_o 480_o be_v to_o 40000_o so_o 40000_o be_v to_o 3333333_o pace_n for_o the_o half_a diameter_n r_o p._n the_o six_o manner_n of_o measure_v the_o earth_n be_v the_o second_o terrestrial_a without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o distance_n earth_n the_o second_o terrestrial_a way_n for_o the_o measure_v the_o earth_n but_o true_o the_o same_o half_a diameter_n r_o p_o shall_v also_o be_v conclude_v in_o 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most_o sincere_a judge_n yet_o this_o opinion_n find_v but_o few_o abettor_n insomuch_o that_o many_o age_n it_o be_v as_o it_o be_v bury_v in_o oblivion_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n in_o school_n make_v thereof_o until_o such_o time_n that_o eminent_a astronomer_n copernicus_n some_o two_o or_o three_o age_n pass_v make_v it_o famous_a and_o so_o prevail_v therein_o therein_o the_o opinion_n of_o copernicus_n therein_o that_o very_o many_o excellent_a astronomer_n embrace_v this_o opinion_n and_o confirm_v it_o with_o sundry_a argument_n and_o reason_n among_o who_o not_o long_o since_o flourish_v kepler_n the_o emperor_n profess_a mathematician_n and_o galilaeus_fw-la of_o galilee_n the_o italian_a mathematician_n to_o the_o grand_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n or_o florence_n and_o lanthergius_n belga_n and_o because_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a motion_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n perceive_v by_o we_o the_o first_o whereof_o be_v whereby_o all_o the_o star_n as_o well_o 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carry_v or_o move_v into_o the_o same_o point_n with_o the_o earth_n but_o in_o their_o return_n they_o be_v move_v or_o carry_v into_o the_o contrary_n declare_v from_o the_o move_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o celestial_a appearance_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v declare_v 8._o because_o all_o the_o celestial_a appearance_n the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n the_o increase_n or_o lengthen_v of_o the_o day_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v evident_o declare_v if_o we_o maintain_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v move_v but_o most_o especial_o the_o commodiousness_n and_o necessity_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n be_v see_v in_o those_o admirable_a property_n of_o the_o planet_n to_o explicate_v which_o the_o ptolomaick_n be_v compel_v to_o invent_v many_o circle_n epicycle_n and_o eccentrick_n without_o any_o reason_n but_o the_o copernican_n do_v so_o derive_v they_o from_o the_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n about_o the_o sun_n with_o easy_a labour_n insomuch_o that_o thereby_o they_o can_v make_v the_o cause_n of_o they_o manifest_a and_o so_o easy_a that_o the_o very_a unlearned_a may_v understand_v they_o to_o wit_n first_o why_o the_o planet_n may_v seem_v sometime_o to_o be_v retrograde_a or_o go_v backward_o and_o indeed_o saturn_n often_o and_o long_o than_o jupiter_n jupiter_n than_o mars_n etc._n etc._n sometime_o to_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o swift_a motion_n and_o sometime_o to_o be_v stationary_a 2_o why_o venus_n and_o mercury_n can_v never_o the_o whole_a night_n long_o be_v see_v 3_o why_o venus_n can_v never_o depart_v any_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o sun_n than_o â—0_n degree_n but_o mercury_n no_o great_a than_o thirty_o degree_n and_o therefore_o those_o two_o planet_n can_v never_o be_v see_v to_o be_v opposite_a to_o the_o sun_n four_o why_o venus_n in_o the_o evening_n
not_o a_o long_a distance_n from_o the_o shore_n which_o subsidency_n or_o sink_v continue_v for_o many_o age_n at_o length_n cause_v isle_n therefore_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v few_o island_n 1._o because_o that_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o shore_n than_o that_o any_o of_o the_o eat_v off_o part_n shall_v be_v carry_v thither_o 2._o because_o that_o the_o commotion_n and_o force_n of_o the_o water_n be_v great_a there_o which_o move_v the_o earth_n of_o the_o channel_n or_o rather_o promote_v the_o depth_n than_o suffer_v island_n to_o be_v generate_v there_o 3._o because_o there_o be_v no_o continent_n there_o therefore_o neither_o can_v troop_n or_o heap_n of_o island_n be_v according_a to_o the_o first_o mode_n by_o which_o we_o have_v show_v such_o heap_n of_o isle_n to_o be_v produce_v yet_o in_o time_n past_a when_o that_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o where_o it_o be_v now_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a that_o such_o isle_n be_v here_o and_o by_o degree_n be_v swallow_v by_o the_o ocean_n of_o absolute_a geography_n sect_n v._o contain_v a_o explication_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o the_o wind_n in_o three_o chapter_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o air._n proposition_n i._o from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o well_o dry_a as_o moist_a or_o from_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n vapour_n and_o fume_n do_v continual_o exhale_v into_o that_o space_n which_o be_v about_o the_o earth_n the_o cause_n be_v twofold_a first_o the_o celestial_a heat_n of_o the_o star_n especial_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n fume_n of_o vapour_n and_o fume_n the_o other_o be_v a_o terrestrial_a heat_n or_o subterranean_a or_o rather_o terrestrial_a fire_n or_o which_o be_v admix_v with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o we_o see_v that_o almost_o all_o body_n the_o least_o fire_n be_v move_v towards_o they_o send_v forth_o a_o fume_n see_v therefore_o that_o both_o the_o celestial_a and_o terrestrial_a heat_n be_v naught_o else_o but_o a_o certain_a fire_n therefore_o it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o vapour_n and_o fume_n shall_v be_v advance_v by_o it_o from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v evidence_v à _fw-la priori_fw-la experience_n also_o confirm_v the_o same_o for_o those_o that_o travel_n in_o the_o night_n time_n especial_o when_o the_o moon_n shine_v and_o that_o towards_o the_o water_n discover_v many_o vapour_n to_o wander_v and_o be_v advance_v about_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n also_o it_o be_v vulgar_o know_v that_o in_o the_o day_n the_o sun_n do_v raise_v many_o vapour_n also_o when_o that_o a_o mist_n arise_v upward_o which_o be_v a_o certain_a token_n of_o rain_n to_o follow_v proposition_n ii_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v a_o space_n about_o the_o whole_a earth_n in_o which_o the_o exhalation_n raise_v from_o the_o earth_n be_v always_o present_a and_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o that_o anything_o or_o body_n else_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o beside_o these_o exhalation_n it_o be_v also_o take_v for_o the_o exhalation_n themselves_o about_o the_o whole_a earth_n there_o be_v no_o small_a controversy_n among_o modern_a philosopher_n atmosphere_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n concern_v the_o body_n which_o consist_v about_o the_o earth_n for_o many_o mathematician_n of_o sound_a knowledge_n determine_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o beside_o exhalation_n elevate_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o they_o take_v the_o atmosphere_n and_o air_n for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o and_o immediate_o after_o the_o atmosphere_n place_v the_o aetherial_a substance_n but_o other_o philosopher_n suppose_v that_o beside_o these_o exhalation_n in_o the_o space_n about_o the_o earth_n that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a peculiar_a and_o simple_a body_n which_o they_o call_v air_n although_o that_o they_o free_o grant_v that_o exhalation_n may_v be_v change_v into_o air_n and_o contrariwise_o into_o cloud_n and_o thick_a vapour_n the_o same_o person_n after_o this_o air_n even_o to_o the_o lunary_n orb_n place_v another_o subtle_a thin_a body_n different_a from_o the_o aether_n which_o indeed_o they_o term_v fire_n but_o they_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v less_o proper_o do_v and_o that_o it_o do_v not_o agree_v with_o our_o fire_n for_o it_o be_v a_o calid_a substance_n not_o burn_v dry_a and_o very_a subtle_a not_o to_o cause_v the_o refraction_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n which_o yet_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v do_v in_o this_o air._n those_o be_v well_o consider_v these_o two_o opinion_n of_o the_o philosopher_n seem_v rather_o to_o differ_v in_o word_n than_o in_o matter_n itself_o for_o as_o for_o the_o air_n because_o that_o they_o grant_v it_o so_o gross_a that_o a_o refraction_n of_o ray_n may_v be_v make_v in_o it_o and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v generate_v from_o exhalation_n by_o a_o light_a mutation_n the_o air_n seem_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o subtle_a exhalation_n although_o it_o be_v not_o exhale_v from_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o the_o sublunary_a fire_n when_o that_o they_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v so_o improper_o term_v but_o they_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v so_o tenuous_a that_o it_o cause_v no_o refraction_n of_o ray_n this_o seem_v little_a to_o differ_v from_o the_o aether_n we_o affirm_v therefore_o that_o the_o atmostphere_n and_o air_n be_v a_o body_n about_o the_o earth_n on_o which_o the_o ray_n fall_v be_v refract_v lay_v aside_o the_o controversy_n whence_o this_o body_n have_v its_o original_n which_o definition_n agree_v with_o the_o former_a for_o neither_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o any_o exhalation_n can_v be_v elevate_v from_o the_o earth_n so_o subtle_a that_o they_o shall_v cause_v no_o refraction_n or_o impediment_n to_o the_o luminous_a ray_n proceed_v from_o the_o aether_n yet_o if_o that_o such_o be_v grant_v we_o can_v know_v their_o altitude_n and_o whether_o that_o they_o be_v exclude_v from_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o yet_o if_o that_o any_o one_o will_v sharp_o urge_v suppose_v that_o the_o little_a fire_n or_o ray_n cast_v from_o the_o sun_n on_o the_o earth_n again_o recoil_v to_o the_o sun_n he_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o latter_a definition_n be_v commodious_a therefore_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o air_n be_v naught_o else_o but_o a_o contexture_n of_o many_o small_a body_n which_o adhere_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o a_o down_o or_o wool_n circumve_v a_o peach_n proposition_n iii_o sometime_o more_o sometime_o lesser_a exhalation_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o earth_n especial_o in_o divers_a place_n exhalation_n of_o exhalation_n the_o cause_n be_v 1._o the_o various_a elevation_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n or_o depression_n beneath_o it_o 2._o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o age_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o its_o elevation_n above_o the_o horizon_n 3._o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o other_o star_n and_o their_o constitution_n above_o the_o horizon_n 4._o the_o diversity_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n themselves_o for_o watery_a and_o humid_a place_n do_v more_o easy_o send_v forth_o vapour_n than_o earthy_a and_o dry_a proposition_n iu._n the_o exhalation_n which_o constitute_v the_o atmosphere_n be_v of_o a_o divers_a kind_n especial_o in_o sundry_a region_n viz._n watery_a saltish_a earthy_a sulphureous_a spirituous_a the_o sensible_a compound_a exhalation_n or_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v divers_a viz._n mix_v of_o simple_a particle_n atmosphere_n of_o the_o exhalation_n which_o constitute_v the_o atmosphere_n the_o cause_n be_v because_o that_o in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n such_o body_n be_v of_o a_o divers_a sort_n and_o be_v advance_v by_o heat_n some_o more_o easy_o and_o other_o some_o with_o great_a difficulty_n concern_v the_o earthy_a particle_n some_o one_o may_v doubt_v because_o that_o those_o be_v scarce_o apt_a to_o be_v elevate_v 1._o by_o reason_n of_o the_o smallness_n of_o their_o dust_n which_o be_v light_a see_v that_o gravity_n be_v a_o affection_n of_o compact_a body_n 2._o by_o admixture_n of_o sulphureous_a particle_n which_o violent_o carry_v those_o earthy_a one_o with_o they_o moreover_o that_o there_o be_v sulphureous_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n be_v prove_v from_o the_o fiery_a meteor_n lightning_n thunder_n and_o the_o like_a yea_o a_o sulphureous_a odor_n or_o scent_n after_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n manifest_o assert_v the_o same_o as_o for_o the_o watery_a part_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o question_v for_o saline_a and_o spirituous_a exhalation_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o tenuousness_n be_v easy_o exhale_v from_o the_o earth_n little_a animal_n generate_v in_o great_a number_n and_o abundance_n in_o the_o air_n confirm_v the_o same_o the_o aristotelian_o divide_v exhalation_n into_o two_o kind_n to_o wit_n vapour_n and_o fume_n vapour_n be_v generate_v of_o water_n and_o easy_o return_v into_o the_o same_o again_o fume_n
gueye_v timocove_n etc._n etc._n who_o have_v in_o part_n take_v and_o receive_v the_o manner_n and_o barbarousness_n of_o the_o tartar_n their_o neighbour_n place_n its_o part_n and_o chief_a place_n cochin-china_n likewise_o be_v divide_v into_o chiampaa_n and_o cochin-china_n chiampaa_o between_o camboja_n and_o cochin-china_n regard_v the_o isle_n of_o sonde_n towards_o the_o south_n the_o philippines_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o touch_v on_o tunquin_n to_o the_o north._n it_o be_v principal_a city_n bear_v the_o same_o name_n according_a to_o most_o author_n but_o according_a to_o other_o pulocacein_o it_o have_v nothing_o which_o be_v not_o common_a to_o cochin-china_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o cochin-china_n particular_o take_v be_v better_a know_v than_o all_o the_o neighbour_a country_n because_o it_o be_v whole_o upon_o the_o sea_n have_v 150_o league_n of_o coast_n and_o not_o above_o 40_o or_o 50_o in_o breadth_n between_o the_o mountain_n of_o kemois_n a_o barbarous_a people_n and_o the_o sea_n its_o province_n be_v descend_v from_o north_n to_o south_n sinuva_n cacciam_fw-la quangiva_fw-la quingin_n or_o pulacambis_n and_o ranran_n the_o two_o first_o touch_n upon_o tunquin_n the_o last_o touch_n on_o the_o kingdom_n of_o chiampaa_n the_o king_n make_v his_o ordinary_a residence_n in_o the_o province_n of_o sinuva_n or_o at_o cacciam_fw-la city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n with_o their_o province_n people_n it_o be_v fertility_n commodity_n temperature_n and_o people_n all_o the_o country_n be_v fertile_a abound_v in_o rice_n fruit_n and_o herb_n breed_v many_o fowl_n and_o beast_n and_o the_o sea_n excellent_a fish_n it_o produce_v cinnamon_n pepper_n lignum_fw-la aquilae_fw-la calamba_n and_o benjamin_n it_o be_v temperature_n be_v pleasant_a though_o under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o air_n healthful_a and_o the_o soil_n so_o abundant_a in_o all_o thing_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v no_o knowledge_n either_o of_o contagion_n or_o famine_n they_o have_v gold_n silver_n silk_n porcelain_n and_o divers_a other_o valuable_a commodity_n all_o sort_n of_o nation_n frequent_v its_o coast_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o goodness_n of_o its_o port_n and_o because_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v courteous_a liberal_a kind_a to_o stranger_n and_o faithful_a in_o their_o deal_n they_o be_v courageous_a and_o more_o warlike_a than_o those_o of_o tunquin_n or_o china_n handle_v all_o sort_n of_o arm_n with_o no_o small_a activity_n they_o be_v idolater_n christianity_n be_v introduce_v in_o 1620_o and_o begin_v to_o flourish_v but_o their_o king_n have_v of_o date_n very_o much_o persecute_v they_o among_o the_o particularity_n and_o rarity_n of_o the_o country_n we_o must_v place_v the_o lutt_n a_o inundation_n which_o in_o autumn_n cover_v with_o its_o water_n almost_o all_o the_o country_n it_o renew_v from_o 15_o to_o 15_o day_n remain_v only_o 3_o day_n at_o a_o time_n make_v the_o earth_n so_o fruitful_a that_o it_o bring_v forth_o its_o increase_n twice_o or_o thrice_o a_o year_n their_o saroyboura_a find_v several_a rarity_n here_o find_v or_o matter_n wherewith_o certain_a swallow_n make_v their_o nest_n which_o after_o those_o bird_n leave_v dry_a and_o harden_a they_o gather_v in_o great_a quantity_n which_o be_v steep_v and_o moisten_v in_o water_n serve_v for_o sauce_n to_o all_o sort_n of_o meat_n and_o as_o former_o manna_n communicate_v such_o a_o variety_n of_o taste_n that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v compose_v of_o cinnamon_n clove_n pepper_n and_o other_o spice_n their_o lignum_fw-la aquilae_fw-la and_o calamba_n come_v from_o the_o same_o tree_n the_o first_o from_o the_o trunk_n of_o a_o young_a tree_n the_o last_o from_o the_o trunk_n of_o a_o old_a tree_n but_o this_o last_o be_v much_o more_o esteem_v than_o the_o other_o both_o for_o its_o odour_n and_o virtue_n a_o pound_n of_o it_o on_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v beat_v down_o be_v worth_a 5_o ducat_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o port_n 15_o or_o 16_o and_o if_o transport_v to_o japan_n 200._o if_o some_o piece_n be_v find_v to_o make_v a_o whole_a pillar_n it_o be_v worth_a 3_o or_o 400_o ducat_n the_o pound_n the_o lignum_fw-la aquilae_fw-la among_o other_o thing_n serve_v to_o burn_v the_o dead_a body_n of_o their_o king_n prince_n and_o priest_n burn_v wood_n as_o heavy_a as_o iron_n and_o which_o consume_v not_o except_o burn_v among_o the_o wood_n they_o use_v for_o building_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n which_o they_o call_v uncorruptible_a whether_o in_o water_n or_o earth_n their_o tree_n they_o call_v thin_n the_o wood_n of_o the_o one_o be_v near_o as_o black_a as_o ebony_n the_o other_o near_o the_o colour_n of_o yew_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o take_v out_o of_o the_o bark_n be_v smooth_a and_o glib_a so_o solid_a and_o weighty_a that_o it_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n and_o serve_v also_o for_o anchor_n for_o ship_n they_o make_v pillar_n on_o which_o they_o erect_v their_o building_n and_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o lutt_n they_o drive_v joist_n and_o plank_n between_o those_o column_n and_o with_o cane_n and_o reed_n accommodate_v divers_a apartment_n which_o they_o take_v away_o in_o the_o time_n of_o those_o inundation_n that_o the_o water_n may_v run_v the_o free_a tunqvin_n the_o kingdom_n of_o tunqvin_n be_v part_n on_o the_o sea_n and_o part_n on_o the_o main_a land_n situation_n the_o kingdom_n of_o tunquin_n its_o bound_n extent_n and_o situation_n it_o bound_n on_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o gulf_n of_o cochin-china_n there_o where_o it_o divide_v china_n from_o cochin-china_n and_o have_v about_o 150_o league_n of_o coast_n on_o the_o land_n it_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o seventeen_o degree_n of_o latitude_n on_o this_o side_n the_o equator_fw-la unto_o the_o twenty_o three_o which_o be_v likewise_o 150_o league_n from_o north_n to_o south_n its_o breadth_n be_v only_o about_o 100_o league_n from_o east_n to_o west_n part_n its_o part_n this_o kingdom_n contain_v seven_o province_n of_o which_o the_o three_o most_o southern_o be_v bochin_n gehan_n and_o tinhoa_n the_o four_o most_o northern_o be_v beramar_n kedom_n kenam_n and_o kethay_n bochin_n touch_v on_o cochin-china_n and_o the_o two_o other_o advance_v along_o the_o gulf_n towards_o the_o north_n among_o the_o four_o last_o beramar_n and_o kedun_n be_v towards_o china_n kenan_n and_o kethay_n towards_o the_o people_n lay_v powerful_a the_o king_n very_o powerful_a the_o king_n of_o tunquin_n ordinary_o entertain_v a_o militia_n of_o 50000_o man_n take_v from_o the_o three_o southern_o province_n and_o pay_v by_o the_o four_o northern_a because_o these_o last_o late_o revolt_v and_o the_o other_o remain_v in_o obedience_n place_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n kecchio_n be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n where_o the_o king_n ordinary_o reside_v it_o be_v not_o above_o twenty_o mile_n in_o circuit_n but_o have_v a_o 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a_o spire_n of_o a_o steeple_n as_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o obscuration_n of_o the_o moon_n but_o if_o we_o deal_v rigid_o the_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o view_n and_o consideration_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v these_o follow_v first_o again_o again_o from_o the_o sail_v round_o the_o earth_n because_o our_o man_n of_o europe_n hoist_v sail_n eight_o time_n from_o europe_n with_o a_o direct_a journey_n to_o the_o west_n and_o south_n even_o unto_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n afterward_o to_o the_o west_n and_o north_n they_o return_v again_o from_o the_o east_n into_o europe_n and_o all_o those_o appearance_n happen_v to_o they_o which_o arise_v from_o the_o property_n of_o the_o globe_n which_o sure_o have_v not_o be_v do_v if_o the_o earth_n have_v not_o be_v round_o and_o certain_o upon_o the_o supposition_n of_o that_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n all_o those_o circumnavigation_n be_v ground_v which_o therefore_o have_v 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therefore_o a_o round_a spherical_a figure_n be_v to_o be_v assign_v to_o the_o earth_n because_o all_o the_o appearance_n as_o well_o celestial_a as_o the_o divers_a elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o divers_a altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o that_o day_n in_o divers_a country_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o shadow_n the_o difference_n and_o increase_n of_o the_o long_a day_n towards_o the_o pole_n time_n of_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n etc._n etc._n as_o terrestrial_a as_o the_o direction_n of_o navigation_n the_o appear_v and_o hide_v of_o tower_n and_o mountain_n the_o distance_n of_o place_n the_o port_n coast_n wind_n etc._n etc._n be_v most_o commodious_o declare_v by_o that_o round_a or_o spherical_a form_n or_o figure_n neither_o can_v another_o figure_n be_v devise_v which_o can_v perform_v that_o as_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o consideration_n of_o divers_a figure_n and_o form_n of_o body_n and_o our_o artificial_a terrestrial_a globe_n so_o just_o 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concern_v this_o matter_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v think_v that_o it_o will_v not_o prove_v ungrateful_a to_o the_o student_n of_o geometry_n if_o i_o shall_v full_o relate_v here_o the_o history_n of_o this_o dimension_n diogenes_n laertius_n praise_v anaximander_n the_o milesian_n the_o scholar_n of_o thales_n thales_n anaximander_n the_o milesian_n the_o scholar_n of_o thales_n that_o beside_o other_o astronomical_a invention_n he_o first_o of_o all_o other_o describe_v the_o circuit_n or_o perimeter_n of_o both_o land_n and_o sea_n but_o anaximander_n live_v about_o the_o year_n 550_o before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n the_o mathematician_n of_o succeed_a age_n seem_v to_o have_v follow_v his_o dimension_n even_o until_o eratosthenes_n aristotle_n aristotle_n because_o author_n make_v mention_n of_o none_o other_o and_o therefore_o i_o judge_v that_o to_o be_v the_o magnitude_n assign_v by_o anaximander_n which_o aristotle_n have_v note_v in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o second_o 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glory_n be_v principal_o ascribe_v to_o he_o but_o he_o discover_v and_o deliver_v earth_n the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o perimeter_n or_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v two_o hundred_o fifty_o thousand_o stadiums_n or_o furlong_n but_o other_o two_o hundred_o fifty_o two_o thousand_o which_o pliny_n report_v to_o make_v up_o three_o hundred_o fifteen_o thousand_o roman_a mile_n every_o one_o of_o which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v a_o thousand_o pace_n eratosthenes_n have_v write_v three_o book_n of_o geography_n eratosthenes_n eratosthenes_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o injury_n of_o time_n be_v now_o not_o to_o be_v find_v strabo_n strabo_n strabo_n the_o famous_a geographer_n relate_v the_o content_n and_o argument_n of_o each_o book_n cleomedes_n cleomedes_n and_o cleomedes_n have_v note_v up_o his_o manner_n which_o eratosthenes_n use_v for_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o what_o can_v be_v want_v we_o will_v hereafter_o 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stadium_n strabo_n strabo_n as_o strabo_n have_v deliver_v whereby_o arise_v a_o great_a doubt_n concern_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o difference_n between_o cleomedes_n and_o strabo_n his_o allowance_n see_v this_o of_o strabo_n be_v the_o true_a although_o utter_v in_o a_o few_o word_n but_o cleomedes_n his_o assignation_n of_o the_o same_o be_v far_o from_o truth_n although_o he_o read_v and_o expound_v posidonius_n his_o geodesie_n to_o many_o concern_v his_o size_n or_o manner_n we_o will_v speak_v hereafter_o but_o the_o dimension_n of_o eratosthenes_n be_v use_v as_o yet_o of_o many_o even_o to_o ptolomy_n time_n the_o year_n 144_o after_o christ_n who_o use_v a_o perimeter_n of_o 180000_o stadium_n and_o affirm_v it_o to_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o truth_n insomuch_o that_o this_o very_a invention_n be_v by_o theon_n ascribe_v to_o he_o theon_n theon_n it_o be_v gather_v that_o marinus_n a_o famous_a geographer_n marinus_n marinus_n and_o by_o who_o write_n ptolemy_n be_v much_o aid_v do_v attempt_v something_o in_o this_o business_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o geographical_a write_n of_o the_o same_o ptolemy_n after_o these_o time_n when_o as_o the_o study_n and_o prosecution_n of_o the_o science_n by_o little_a and_o little_o vanish_v away_o in_o greece_n nothing_o be_v do_v in_o this_o business_n neither_o do_v the_o roman_n undertake_v any_o thing_n herein_o but_o the_o arabian_n and_o sarazon_n have_v obtain_v the_o empire_n or_o glory_n of_o other_o art_n from_o the_o grecian_n to_o themselves_o so_o likewise_o they_o leave_v not_o this_o part_n of_o the_o mathematics_n untouched_a forasmuch_o as_o snellius_n relate_v out_o of_o abelfedea_n a_o arabian_a geographer_n who_o flourish_v about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1300_o and_o who_o write_n be_v print_v at_o rome_n about_o the_o 800_o year_n of_o the_o christian_a account_n flourish_v maimon_n ring_n of_o arabia_n studious_a in_o geography_n in_o who_o day_n it_o flourish_v maimon_n king_n of_o the_o arabian_n or_o the_o calife_n of_o babylon_n be_v studious_a in_o the_o mathematics_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o
moon_n from_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v worthy_a observation_n that_o the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o celestial_a dimension_n as_o well_o in_o assign_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o planet_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o from_o themselves_o as_o in_o number_v and_o compute_v their_o magnitude_n so_o we_o say_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o earth_n ubout_fw-fr 1200_o half_a diameter_n the_o moon_n 40_o etc._n etc._n but_o see_v in_o geography_n we_o do_v not_o only_o consider_v the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o equator_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o also_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la therefore_o we_o must_v likewise_o determine_v how_o many_o mile_n or_o perch_n answer_v one_o degree_n in_o every_o parallel_n we_o have_v take_v the_o account_v of_o the_o perch_v out_o of_o snellius_n but_o i_o myself_o have_v reckon_v up_o the_o mile_n to_o wit_n 1900_o perch_n for_o a_o german_a mile_n 1500_o for_o a_o belgic_a or_o holland_n mile_n 475_o for_o a_o italian_a mile_n a_o table_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o one_o degree_n in_o every_o parallel_n the_o degree_n in_o which_o the_o parallel_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o equator_fw-la or_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o parallel_n equator_fw-la of_o the_o perch_n of_o one_o degree_n holland_n mile_n german_n italian_n the_o latitude_n of_o a_o perch_n of_o one_o degree_n holland_n mile_n german_n italian_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr mil._n per._n mile_n min._n mile_n min._n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr mil._n per._n mile_n min._n mile_n min._n  _fw-fr 28500_o 19_o 0_o 15._o 0_o 60._o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1_o 28496_o 18._o 1496_o 14._o 59_o 59_o 56_o 46_o 19798_o 13._o 298_o 10._o 25_o 41._o 40_o 2_o 28483_o 18._o 1483_o 14._o 59_o 59_o 55_o 47_o 19437_o 13._o 0_o â—0_n 14_o 41._o 0_o 3_o â—8461_n 18._o 1461_o 14._o 58_o 59_o 52_o 48_o 19070_o 12._o 1070_o 10._o 2_o 40._o 8_o 4_o 28431_o 18._o 1431_o 14._o 57_o 59_o 50_o 49_o 18698_o 12._o 698_o 9_o 50_o 39_o 20_o 5_o 28392_o 18._o 1392_o 14._o 56_o 59_o 46_o 50_o 18319_o 12._o 319_o 9_o 38_o 38._o 32_o 6_o 28344_o 18._o 1344_o 14._o 55_o 59_o 40_o 51_o 17936_o 11._o 1436_o 9_o 26_o 37._o 44_o 7_o 28288_o 18._o 1288_o 14._o 53_o 59_o 37_o 52_o 17546_o 11._o 1046_o 9_o 14_o 37._o 0_o 8_o 28223_o 18._o 1223_o 14._o 51_o 59_o 24_o 53_o 17152_o 11._o 652_o 9_o 2_o 36._o 8_o 9_o 28149_o 18._o 1149_o 14._o 48_o 59_o 12_o 54_o 16752_o 11._o 252_o 8._o 49_o 35._o 26_o 10_o 28067_o 18._o 1067_o 14._o 46_o 59_o 4_o 55_o 16347_o 10._o 1347_o 8._o 36_o 34._o 24_o 11_o 27976_o 18._o 976_o 14._o 43_o 58._o 52_o 56_o 15932_o 10._o 937_o 8._o 23_o 33._o 32_o 12_o 27877_o 18._o 877_o 14._o 40_o 58._o 40_o 57_o 15522_o 10._o 522_o 8._o 10_o 32._o 40_o 13_o 27769_o 18._o 769_o 14._o 37_o 58._o 28_o 58_o 15103_o 10._o 103_o 7._o 57_o 31._o 40_o 14_o 27653_o 18._o 653_o 14._o 33_o 58._o 12_o 59_o 14671_o 9_o 1179_o 7._o 44_o 31._o 0_o 15_o 27529_o 18._o 529_o 14._o 29_o 50._o  _fw-fr 60_o 14250_o 9_o 750_o 7._o 30_o 30._o 0_o 16_o 27653_o 18._o 453_o 14._o 25_o 57_o 40_o 61_o 13817_o 9_o 317_o 7._o 16_o 29._o 4_o 17_o 27255_o 18._o 255_o 14._o 21_o 57_o 20_o 62_o 13380_o 8._o 1380_o 7._o 2_o 28._o 8_o 18_o 27105_o 18._o 105_o 14._o 16_o 57_o 4_o 63_o 12939_o 8._o 939_o 6._o 48_o 27._o 12_o 19_o 26947_o 18._o 0_o 14._o 11_o 56._o 44_o 64_o 12494_o 8._o 994_o 6._o 34_o 26._o 16_o 20_o 26781_o 18._o 0_o 14._o 6_o 56._o 24_o 65_o 12045_o 8._o 45_o 6._o 20_o 25._o 20_o 21_o 26607_o 17._o 1107_o 14._o 0_o 56._o 0_o 66_o 11592_o 7._o 1092_o 6._o 6_o 24._o 24._o 22_o 26423_o 17._o 925_o 13._o 54_o 55._o 36_o 67_o 11136_o 7._o 636_o 5._o 52_o 23._o 28_o 23_o 26234_o 17._o 734_o â—3_n 48_o 55._o 12_o 68_o 10676_o 7._o 176_o 5._o 38_o 22._o 32_o 24_o 26036_o 17._o 536_o â—3_n 42_o 54._o 48_o 69_o 10213_o 6._o 1213_o 5._o 23_o 21._o 32_o 25_o 25830_o 17._o 330_o â—3_n 36_o 54._o 24_o 70_o 9748_o 6._o 748_o 5._o 8_o 20_o 32_o 26_o 25616_o 17._o 116_o 13._o 29_o 54._o 0_o 71_o 9279_o 6._o 279_o 4._o 53_o 19_o 32_o 27_o 25394_o 16._o 1394_o 13._o 22_o 53._o 28_o 72_o 8807_o 5._o 1307_o 4._o 38_o 18._o 32_o 28_o 25164_o 16._o 1164_o 13._o 15_o 53._o 0_o 73_o 8333_o 5._o 933_o 4._o 23_o 17._o 32_o 29_o 24927_o 16._o 927_o 13._o 7_o 52._o 28_o 74_o 7846_o 5._o 346_o 4._o 8_o 16._o 32_o 30_o â—4681_n 16._o 681_o 13._o 59_o 51._o 56_o 75_o 7376_o 4._o 1376_o 3._o 53_o 15._o 32_o 31_o 24429_o 10._o 429_o 12._o 51_o 51._o 24_o 76_o 6895_o 4._o 895_o 3._o 38_o 14_o 32_o 32_o 24169_o 16._o 169_o 12._o 43_o 50._o 52_o 77_o 6411_o 4._o 411_o 3._o 23_o 13._o 32_o 33_o 23902_o 15._o 1402_o 12._o 35_o 50._o 20_o 78_o 5925_o 3._o 1425_o 3._o 8_o 12._o 32_o 34_o 23628_o 15._o 1128_o 12._o 26_o 49._o 44_o 79_o 5438_o 3._o 938_o 2._o 52_o 11._o 28_o 35_o 23346_o 15._o 846_o 12._o 17_o 49._o 8_o 80_o 4949_o 3._o 449_o 2._o 36_o 10._o 24_o 36_o 23057_o 15._o 557_o 12._o 8_o 48._o 32_o 81_o 4458_o 2._o 1458_o 2._o 20_o 9_o 20_o 37_o 22761_o 15._o 261_o 11._o 59_o 47._o 56_o 82_o 3966_o 2._o 966_o 2._o 5_o 8._o 20_o 38_o 22458_o 15._o 0_o 11._o 49_o 47._o 16_o 83_o 3473_o 2._o 473_o 1._o 50_o 7._o 20_o 39_o 22149_o 14._o 1149_o 11._o 39_o 46._o 36_o 84_o 2979_o 1._o 1479_o 1._o 34_o 6._o 12_o 40_o 21832_o 14._o 832_o 11._o 29_o 46._o 0_o 85_o 2484_o 1._o 984_o 1._o 18_o 5._o 12_o 41_o 21509_o 14._o 509_o 11._o 19_o 45._o 16_o 86_o 1988_o 1._o 488_o 1._o 3_o 4._o 12_o 42_o 21180_o 14._o 180_o 11._o 9_o 44._o 36_o 82_o 1492_o 0._o 1492_o 0._o 47_o 3._o 12_o 43_o 20843_o 13._o 1343_o 10._o 58_o 43._o 52_o 88_o 995_o 0._o 995_o 0._o 31_o 2._o 4_o 44_o 20501_o 13._o 1001_o 10._o 47_o 43._o 8_o 89_o 497_o 0._o 497_o 0._o 16_o 1._o 4_o 45_o 20152_o 13._o 652_o 10._o 36_o 42._o 24_o 90_o 0_o 0._o 0_o 0._o 0_o 0._o 0_o chap._n v._o appearance_n the_o pythagorical_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o many_o celestial_a appearance_n the_o pythagorical_a motion_n or_o turn_v the_o earth_n about_o as_o with_o a_o wheel_n not_o that_o quake_a and_o shake_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o very_a many_o celestial_a appearance_n according_a to_o the_o copernican_n opinion_n see_v that_o without_o it_o every_o place_n will_v have_v a_o perpetual_a constancy_n of_o these_o but_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o property_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o earth_n concern_v which_o there_o can_v be_v great_a disputation_n fith_o that_o not_o very_o long_o ago_o it_o have_v suffer_v the_o censure_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n yet_o because_o to_o many_o man_n it_o seem_v likely_a to_o be_v true_a that_o such_o a_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v give_v therefore_o i_o will_v endeavour_v brief_o to_o unfold_v the_o same_o appearance_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n and_o their_o appearance_n it_o be_v not_o unknown_a to_o any_o of_o the_o very_a vulgar_a sort_n that_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o all_o the_o star_n of_o heaven_n appear_v every_o day_n that_o be_v in_o the_o space_n of_o 24_o hour_n to_o be_v move_v from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o common_o to_o return_v to_o the_o same_o place_n of_o heaven_n it_o must_v therefore_o needs_o be_v that_o either_o they_o be_v real_o move_v or_o that_o we_o be_v move_v and_o that_o our_o motion_n or_o move_a be_v impute_v to_o the_o star_n for_o if_o two_o thing_n change_v their_o dâ—stance_n one_o of_o they_o at_o least_o be_v move_v which_o principle_n be_v most_o manifest_a etc._n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ptolomaians_n and_o pythagorean_n concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n etc._n etc._n that_o the_o earth_n stand_v still_o and_o that_o the_o star_n with_o the_o heaven_n be_v move_v be_v and_o be_v yet_o the_o common_a opinion_n of_o astronomer_n which_o be_v call_v ptolomaians_n or_o of_o such_o as_o follow_v the_o doctrine_n of_o ptolemy_n yet_o the_o pythagorean_n long_v ago_o maintain_v that_o the_o star_n hold_v their_o place_n constant_o without_o budge_v from_o thence_o and_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v roll_v and_o wheel_v about_o its_o centre_n one_o of_o who_o be_v the_o famous_a aristarchus_n of_o samos_n who_o for_o his_o defend_v this_o opinion_n be_v by_o his_o adversary_n accuse_v of_o profane_v and_o violate_v religion_n before_o the_o most_o famous_a and_o severe_a bench_n of_o the_o areopagite_n but_o he_o be_v nevertheless_o quit_v by_o the_o sentence_n of_o those_o
of_o the_o same_o day_n after_o the_o sun_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n before_o the_o sun_n may_v be_v see_v i_o forbear_v to_o bring_v hither_o any_o more_o appearance_n but_o they_o be_v the_o principal_a from_o which_o i_o think_v a_o argument_n of_o great_a moment_n may_v be_v fetch_v for_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n when_o as_o by_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o may_v be_v so_o commodious_o declare_v that_o it_o shall_v rather_o be_v admire_v if_o the_o earth_n can_v not_o be_v move_v by_o such_o evident_a appearance_n these_o be_v the_o easy_a argument_n by_o which_o the_o copernican_n will_v evince_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o although_o they_o be_v not_o demonstrative_a yet_o they_o make_v this_o hypothesis_n more_o probable_a than_o that_o which_o determine_v the_o heaven_n to_o be_v move_v for_o one_o of_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v admit_v ptolomaians_n the_o reason_n of_o â—ome_o against_o the_o move_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o ptolomaians_n but_o these_o reason_n which_o some_o man_n to_o wit_n the_o ptolomaians_n allege_v to_o the_o contrary_a be_v easy_o dissolve_v which_o be_v these_o first_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v unfitting_a for_o motion_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o ponderosity_n second_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v natural_o move_v with_o a_o strait_a motion_n to_o the_o centre_n therefore_o a_o circular_a motion_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n thereof_o three_o if_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v move_v a_o stone_n cast_v down_o from_o a_o tower_n can_v not_o fall_v to_o the_o foot_n thereof_o four_o a_o bullet_n shoot_v out_o of_o a_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n towards_o the_o east_n at_o some_o mark_n it_o can_v not_o come_v home_o to_o it_o or_o hit_v it_o if_o the_o mark_n with_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o east_n or_o at_o least_o the_o hit_v the_o mark_n shall_v be_v more_o swift_a than_o if_o the_o bullet_n be_v shoot_v towards_o the_o east_n five_o neither_o the_o tower_n nor_o building_n can_v stand_v steadfast_a but_o will_v fall_v by_o reason_n of_o that_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n neither_o can_v man_n be_v without_o giidiness_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o whirl_a about_o of_o the_o earth_n six_o because_o we_o see_v that_o the_o star_n change_v their_o place_n but_o not_o the_o earth_n seven_o because_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o move_v eight_o because_o the_o holy_a scripture_n do_v confirm_v the_o stability_n or_o steadfastness_n of_o the_o earth_n copernican_n the_o aforesaid_a reason_n of_o the_o ptolomaians_n answer_v by_o the_o copernican_n yet_o indeed_o the_o copernican_n to_o these_o argument_n use_v to_o answer_v after_o this_o manner_n to_o the_o first_o they_o answer_v deny_v the_o whole_a earth_n to_o be_v heavy_a for_o ponderosity_n be_v a_o tendency_n of_o the_o part_n to_o their_o whole_a homogeneous_a of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o such_o a_o heaviness_n be_v also_o discover_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o neither_o the_o sun_n nor_o moon_n be_v say_v to_o be_v heavy_a to_o the_o second_o they_o answer_v that_o that_o right_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o the_o circular_a motion_n thereof_o do_v not_o hinder_v the_o straight_o carry_v of_o those_o part_n which_o be_v evidence_v by_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n to_o the_o three_o argument_n they_o reply_v in_o a_o threefold_a manner_n first_o that_o such_o heavy_a thing_n be_v not_o primary_o carry_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o be_v bear_v by_o a_o very_a short_a line_n to_o the_o superficies_n thereof_o as_o iron_n tend_v not_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o loadstone_n but_o to_o the_o loadstone_n second_o the_o whole_a air_n cleave_v to_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v move_v together_o with_o she_o therefore_o all_o such_o heavy_a thing_n be_v throw_v together_o downward_o get_v this_o circular_a motion_n and_o be_v move_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o vessel_n and_o three_o therein_o the_o opinion_n of_o gassendus_fw-la therein_o gassendus_fw-la by_o frequent_a experience_n have_v demonstrate_v that_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v cast_v from_o a_o move_a body_n that_o which_o be_v so_o cast_v be_v also_o move_v with_o that_o motion_n of_o the_o move_v body_n as_o for_o example_n a_o stone_n throw_v down_o from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mast_n of_o a_o ship_n move_v most_o swift_o be_v nevertheless_o not_o leave_v by_o the_o ship_n but_o fall_v down_o to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mast_n and_o from_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mast_n a_o bullet_n be_v shoot_v perpendicular_o out_o of_o a_o hand-gun_n fall_v again_o perpendicular_o therefore_o the_o allege_a objection_n be_v nothing_o worth_a to_o the_o four_o reason_n they_o answer_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o unto_o the_o three_o to_o the_o five_o they_o say_v that_o some_o such_o thing_n have_v no_o place_n because_o the_o motion_n be_v equal_a neither_o do_v it_o dash_v against_o another_o body_n and_o the_o building_n as_o it_o be_v heavy_a body_n and_o homogeneous_a or_o of_o like_a to_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v as_o in_o a_o ship_n for_o we_o find_v in_o a_o ship_n move_v very_o swift_o or_o slow_o the_o body_n set_v upright_o therein_o be_v not_o overthrow_v yea_o cup_n and_o pot_n full_a of_o wine_n or_o other_o liquor_n shed_v nothing_o thereof_o at_o all_o to_o the_o six_o we_o say_v that_o the_o change_n of_o the_o star_n place_n be_v not_o perceive_v but_o we_o find_v the_o change_n of_o their_o situation_n in_o respect_n of_o ourselves_o but_o this_o mutation_n of_o position_n may_v be_v observe_v and_o be_v whether_o we_o be_v move_v with_o the_o earth_n or_o the_o star_n be_v move_v we_o be_v steadfast_a or_o also_o both_o we_o and_o the_o star_n in_o the_o seven_o objection_n both_o the_o major_a and_o minor_a proposition_n be_v false_a or_o at_o least_o doubtful_a to_o the_o eight_o they_o reply_v first_o that_o the_o holy_a scripiure_fw-fr in_o physical_a or_o natural_a thing_n do_v speak_v according_a to_o appearance_n and_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o vulgar_a for_o example_n when_o the_o moon_n with_o the_o sun_n be_v call_v a_o great_a light_n because_o it_o be_v create_v to_o give_v light_n to_o the_o night_n moon_n of_o the_o moon_n whenas_o indeed_o the_o moon_n be_v not_o great_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o star_n and_o earth_n neither_o have_v she_o any_o light_n of_o she_o own_o proper_a nature_n nor_o do_v she_o give_v light_a in_o all_o night_n to_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o scripture_n say_v sun_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o the_o sun_n go_v to_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o he_o return_v to_o that_o end_n again_o when_o as_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v no_o such_o end_n or_o furthermost_a part_n so_o in_o the_o book_n of_o job_n a_o plane_n and_o square_a figure_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o earth_n under_o who_o pillar_n be_v set_v upon_o which_o it_o lean_v which_o indeed_o must_v not_o at_o all_o be_v so_o understand_v as_o the_o very_a vulgar_a well_o know_v there_o may_v more_o place_n be_v allege_v hither_o but_o these_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o holy_a scripture_n be_v not_o give_v to_o we_o thereby_o to_o play_v the_o philosopher_n but_o to_o practise_v piety_n second_o certain_a place_n of_o scripture_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v allege_v which_o speak_v not_o concern_v the_o immobility_n thereof_o but_o concern_v its_o constancy_n and_o durance_n as_o that_o place_n which_o we_o have_v bring_v hither_o out_o of_o job_n thus_o have_v we_o brief_o declare_v of_o what_o sort_n the_o motion_n may_v be_v which_o the_o copernican_n ascribe_v to_o the_o earth_n of_o which_o a_o more_o exquisite_a explication_n be_v usual_o give_v in_o astronomy_n but_o that_o be_v suppose_v all_o those_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v consider_v in_o a_o globe_n turn_v round_o about_o globe_n of_o the_o axil_n pole_n periphery_n parallel_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o globe_n to_o wit_n the_o axil_n about_o which_o it_o be_v turn_v be_v one_o of_o the_o diameter_n the_o pole_n be_v the_o extremity_n or_o two_o point_n which_o be_v not_o move_v the_o great_a circle_n or_o periphery_n according_a to_o which_o the_o circumrotation_n or_o wheel_v about_o be_v make_v and_o its_o parallel_n now_o let_v we_o see_v concern_v the_o swiftness_n of_o that_o motion_n the_o first_o motion_n by_o which_o the_o earth_n be_v turn_v round_o about_o his_o axil_n can_v be_v see_v and_o consider_v in_o the_o whole_a earth_n at_o once_o etc._n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n its_o difference_n swiftness_n etc._n etc._n but_o in_o divers_a
of_o mars_n jupiter_n saturn_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v altogether_o uncertain_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o parallaxy_n or_o mutual_a change_n in_o the_o copernican_n hypothesis_n the_o distance_n be_v vary_v not_o only_o from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o planet_n but_o also_o from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o the_o reason_n of_o either_o opinion_n to_o wit_n of_o the_o ptolomean_a and_o copernican_n concern_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o with_o they_o which_o in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n we_o have_v allege_v for_o this_o disputation_n have_v great_a affinity_n with_o the_o same_o for_o if_o you_o ascribe_v and_o allow_v the_o second_o motion_n to_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v call_v the_o proper_a motion_n not_o the_o sun_n but_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o midst_n but_o if_o you_o allow_v that_o second_o motion_n to_o the_o earth_n not_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o middle_n these_o argument_n follow_v may_v be_v say_v for_o the_o copernican_n opinion_n universe_n the_o sun_n not_o only_o the_o fountain_n of_o light_n but_o also_o the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n 1._o the_o sun_n be_v not_o only_o the_o fountain_n of_o light_n which_o as_o a_o most_o clear_a shine_a torch_n illuminate_v the_o earth_n moon_n venus_n and_o without_o doubt_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n but_o he_o be_v the_o firehearth_n of_o heat_n and_o vital_a spirit_n by_o which_o this_o whole_a universe_n seem_v to_o be_v cherish_v and_o sustain_v therefore_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o he_o hold_v the_o middle_a place_n and_o that_o these_o be_v move_v round_o about_o he_o 2._o it_o be_v more_o likely_a that_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v move_v about_o the_o sun_n that_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n she_o may_v receive_v light_a and_o heat_n from_o he_o etc._n the_o sun_n a_o vast_a body_n etc._n etc._n 3._o the_o sun_n be_v place_v in_o the_o midst_n some_o cause_n be_v render_v why_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v carry_v round_o about_o he_o to_o wit_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v a_o most_o vast_a body_n and_o endow_v with_o great_a virtue_n and_o force_n therefore_o he_o roll_v and_o stir_v up_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n to_o their_o motion_n and_o this_o reason_n especial_o take_v place_n if_o we_o admit_v kepler_n hypothesis_n concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o planet_n sun_n spot_n in_o the_o sun_n 4._o the_o observation_n of_o galilaeus_fw-la and_o scheiner_n concern_v the_o spot_n in_o the_o sun_n prove_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v move_v about_o his_o axil_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n therefore_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v their_o cause_n of_o go_v about_o neither_o seem_v it_o consistent_a with_o reason_n that_o any_o other_o shall_v be_v attribute_v to_o he_o 5._o if_o we_o allow_v the_o earth_n a_o place_n between_o mars_n and_o venus_n and_o allow_v the_o centre_n to_o the_o sun_n the_o motion_n of_o every_o planet_n fitting_o answer_v and_o agree_v to_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o centre_n which_o in_o the_o ptolomaick_a supposition_n be_v manifest_v not_o to_o be_v effect_v by_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n venus_n and_o mercury_n 6._o those_o celestial_a appearance_n which_o we_o have_v use_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n for_o the_o prove_v the_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v also_o valid_a and_o efficacious_a for_o this_o place_n which_o i_o have_v say_v must_v be_v assign_v to_o the_o earth_n to_o wit_n the_o retrograde_a course_n and_o station_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o the_o admirable_a apparent_a motion_n of_o venus_n and_o mercury_n etc._n etc._n for_o indeed_o that_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v before_o hand_n suppose_v this_o place_n and_o place_v of_o the_o earth_n or_o have_v it_o join_v to_o itself_o very_o near_o but_o this_o argument_n in_o my_o opinion_n be_v the_o chief_a yet_o for_o the_o first_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n nothing_o can_v be_v fetch_v by_o way_n of_o argument_n for_o gather_v thence_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n if_o she_o be_v without_o or_o want_v the_o second_o motion_n as_o origanus_n also_o determine_v 7._o so_o also_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o planet_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v well_o declare_v earth_n the_o aristotelian_o and_o platonist_n argument_n about_o the_o earth_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o aristotelian_o and_o platonist_n oppugn_v the_o pythagorean_n opinion_n with_o many_o argument_n and_o endeavour_v to_o challenge_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o place_n by_o these_o argument_n first_o heavy_a thing_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o heavy_a body_n therefore_o it_o take_v up_o that_o centre_n second_o heavy_a thing_n will_v go_v from_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n unless_o this_o centre_n be_v in_o the_o earth_n three_o the_o centre_n be_v the_o ignobl_a place_n and_o the_o earth_n also_o be_v the_o vile_a part_n of_o this_o universe_n therefore_o it_o shall_v have_v the_o centre_n thereof_o four_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v without_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n than_o the_o star_n and_o constellation_n will_v be_v see_v in_o some_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o some_o day_n big_a than_o in_o other_o five_o neither_o will_v the_o middle_a part_n of_o heaven_n always_o be_v conspicuous_a as_o taurus_n rise_v the_o scorpion_n shall_v set_v etc._n etc._n six_o neither_o will_v there_o be_v equinox_n seven_o neither_o the_o moon_n rise_v eclipse_v will_v the_o sun_n set_v etc._n etc._n eight_o neither_o will_v the_o number_n of_o miles_n in_o the_o earth_n equal_o answer_v every_o degree_n in_o heaven_n copernican_n the_o aforesaid_a reason_n of_o the_o aristotelian_o refute_v by_o the_o copernican_n the_o copernican_n do_v easy_o weaken_v these_o reason_n of_o the_o aristotelian_o for_o the_o first_o and_o second_o be_v refel_v because_o the_o motion_n of_o heavy_a thing_n be_v not_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n but_o to_o the_o homogeneal_a body_n as_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o part_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o sun_n and_o loadstone_n the_o three_o reason_n take_v a_o false_a major_a and_o minor_a proposition_n for_o the_o centre_n be_v also_o a_o noble_a place_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o ignoble_a or_o base_a the_o other_o reason_n be_v easy_o disprove_v by_o diagram_n or_o description_n this_o at_o least_o be_v fore-supposed_n that_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o sun_n or_o centre_n how_o great_a soever_o it_o be_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n from_o the_o sun_n it_o will_v be_v so_o little_a as_o that_o it_o will_v have_v no_o proportion_n to_o it_o saturn_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n venus_n and_o mercury_n from_o the_o earth_n not_o so_o great_a as_o of_o mars_n jupiter_n and_o saturn_n moreover_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o theorem_fw-la belong_v to_o this_o place_n that_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o superior_a planet_n mars_n jupiter_n and_o saturn_n be_v so_o great_a from_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o proportion_n to_o it_o but_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n venus_n and_o mercury_n be_v not_o so_o great_a touch_v the_o sun_n there_o be_v as_o yet_o a_o doubt_n sure_o if_o there_o be_v any_o proportion_n of_o the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o sun_n that_o will_v be_v very_o small_a but_o the_o theorem_n be_v prove_v thus_o first_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o high_a planet_n appear_v to_o we_o to_o rise_v at_o the_o same_o moment_n at_o which_o they_o will_v appear_v to_o rise_v by_o a_o right_n contrive_v supputation_n and_o calculation_n if_o we_o be_v set_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o distance_n of_o our_o place_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v the_o half_a diameter_n bear_v no_o proportion_n to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n second_o if_o we_o take_v the_o meridian_n or_o altitude_n of_o a_o fix_a star_n or_o one_o of_o the_o superior_a planet_n with_o a_o astronomical_a instrument_n we_o find_v the_o same_o as_o if_o we_o have_v observe_v it_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n vanish_v away_o in_o respect_n of_o that_o distance_n three_o if_o there_o be_v any_o proportion_n than_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o star_n will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v lesser_a about_o the_o horizon_n than_o
about_o the_o meridian_n because_o in_o this_o position_n they_o be_v near_o to_o the_o earth_n almost_o by_o one_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o same_o argument_n be_v valid_a as_o touch_v the_o sun_n also_o for_o his_o diameter_n be_v not_o find_v great_a in_o the_o meridian_n than_o when_o he_o be_v yet_o on_o the_o horizon_n but_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v a_o little_o great_a in_o the_o meridian_n than_o when_o as_o yet_o she_o be_v on_o the_o horizon_n therefore_o in_o the_o meridian_n it_o be_v somewhat_o nigh_o to_o we_o to_o wit_n almost_o one_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n chap._n vii_o concern_v the_o substance_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o have_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n consider_v the_o quality_n or_o property_n of_o the_o earth_n no_o regard_n be_v take_v of_o its_o substance_n or_o be_v but_o now_o these_o be_v declare_v it_o be_v fit_v we_o consider_v this_o also_o that_o we_o may_v know_v what_o kind_n of_o body_n the_o earth_n be_v and_o how_o its_o part_n cohere_v together_o the_o which_o although_o it_o may_v rather_o rather_o seem_v natural_a yet_o because_o it_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o will_v here_o handle_v brief_o leave_v the_o accurate_a consideration_n thereof_o to_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n proposition_n i._o to_o declare_v of_o what_o simple_a and_o similar_v body_n the_o earth_n may_v consist_v or_o be_v compound_v of_o earth_n of_o the_o four_o element_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v divers_a opinion_n of_o philosopher_n concern_v this_o matter_n the_o peripatetic_n number_n four_o element_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o whole_a sublunary_a world_n be_v now_o sufficient_o know_v to_o the_o very_a vulgar_a fire_n air_n water_n and_o earth_n many_o of_o the_o ancient_n as_o democritus_n and_o leucippus_n determine_v that_o the_o whole_a world_n consist_v of_o very_o little_a solid_a piece_n which_o differ_v only_o in_o their_o various_a figure_n shape_n and_o magnitude_n and_o they_o many_o of_o the_o late_a philosopher_n do_v follow_v and_o of_o late_a cartesius_n endeavour_v by_o such_o a_o hypothesis_n to_o declare_v all_o natural_a appearance_n chemist_n the_o three_o principle_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o chemist_n chemist_n make_v three_o principle_n sal_fw-la sulphur_n and_o mercury_n to_o who_o some_o do_v right_o add_v caput_fw-la mortuum_fw-la or_o the_o dead_a head_n when_o as_o they_o three_o be_v fruitful_a but_o to_o i_o doubtful_a term_n and_o word_n be_v lay_v aside_o and_o the_o thing_n themselves_o well_o consider_v there_o seem_v to_o be_v five_o simple_a body_n the_o first_o principle_n of_o all_o thing_n thing_n by_o other_o five_o simple_a body_n the_o first_o principle_n of_o all_o thing_n to_o wit_n water_n oil_n or_o sulphur_n salt_n earth_n and_o a_o certain_a spirit_n which_o the_o chemist_n call_v mercury_n for_o indeed_o all_o body_n and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v resolve_v into_o those_o five_o elementary_a substance_n notwithstanding_o i_o deny_v not_o that_o those_o differ_v not_o so_o much_o in_o essence_n as_o in_o the_o singular_a variety_n of_o their_o shape_n and_o magnitude_n therefore_o the_o whole_a earth_n consist_v of_o these_o simple_a body_n which_o be_v divers_a way_n commix_v from_o whence_o arise_v so_o great_a variety_n of_o body_n which_o do_v appear_v different_a from_o one_o another_o and_o similar_v or_o body_n of_o like_a part_n but_o the_o more_o exquisite_a declaration_n of_o these_o point_n belong_v to_o natural_a philosophy_n which_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o my_o book_n of_o the_o art_n and_o science_n now_o ready_a for_o the_o press_n proposition_n ii_o the_o earth_n be_v divide_v into_o dry_a and_o moist_a part_n or_o into_o earth_n and_o water_n to_o which_o some_o join_v the_o atmosphere_n this_o be_v the_o vulgar_a division_n of_o geographer_n and_o then_o the_o water_n be_v take_v in_o a_o large_a signification_n for_o all_o that_o be_v liquid_a or_o moist_a and_o fluid_a and_o run_a as_o the_o land_n be_v take_v for_o the_o whole_a dry_a and_o consistent_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n nature_n of_o the_o land_n and_o its_o various_a body_n of_o nature_n and_o thereby_o do_v embrace_v and_o comprehend_v such_o various_a body_n of_o nature_n to_o wit_n first_o sand_n loam_n day_n and_o mineral_n earth_n chalk_n cinnaber_n ochre_n terra_fw-la sigiâ—lata_fw-la or_o saracen_n earth_n earth_n of_o samos_n bolearmoniack_n with_o divers_a other_o kind_n of_o earth_n second_o stone_n of_o various_a sort_n the_o chief_a among_o which_o be_v diamond_n emerald_n ruby_n saphire_n etc._n etc._n three_o metal_n among_o which_o be_v gold_n silver_n copper_n tin_n lead_v mercury_n or_o quicksilver_n iron_n steel_n etc._n etc._n four_o brimstone_n salt_n niter_n alom_n bitumen_n vitriol_n antimony_n etc._n etc._n five_o herb_n plant_n etc._n etc._n part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o its_o part_n to_o the_o water_n be_v refer_v first_o the_o sea_n second_o river_n and_o sweet_a water_n three_o lake_n and_o fen_n or_o marsh_n fourthly_a mineral_n water_n as_o hot_a bath_n sour_a water_n etc._n etc._n earth_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o encompass_n the_o earth_n the_o atmosphere_n be_v that_o thin_a and_o subtle_a body_n which_o girt_n and_o encompass_n the_o earth_n towards_o heaven_n and_o contain_v the_o air_n cloud_n shower_n of_o rain_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o into_o these_o three_o part_n the_o earth_n be_v fit_o divide_v proposition_n iii_o to_o expound_v how_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n cleave_v or_o hold_v together_o and_o make_v the_o land_n cavity_n the_o earth_n not_o bound_v with_o one_o superficies_n but_o have_v hollow_a cavity_n 1._o the_o land_n that_o be_v the_o dry_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o bound_v with_o one_o and_o that_o even_a superficies_n or_o surface_n but_o she_o have_v many_o hollow_a cave_n many_o part_n lift_v up_o aloft_o in_o her_o cavity_n cave_n or_o hollow_n which_o be_v here_o and_o there_o find_v round_o about_o the_o whole_a earth_n the_o sea_n or_o ocean_n be_v contain_v and_o therefore_o part_v of_o the_o earthly_a superficies_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n those_o hollow_n or_o cavity_n be_v not_o make_v of_o a_o even_a hollowness_n but_o have_v here_o and_o there_o rock_n and_o elevate_a part_n and_o elsewhere_o they_o have_v gulf_n and_o swallow_n sink_v very_o deep_a so_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n appear_v out_o above_o the_o water_n have_v certain_a as_o it_o be_v navel_v in_o its_o middle_n and_o some_o part_n be_v more_o or_o less_o raise_v up_o or_o sink_v down_o than_o other_o so_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o water_n environ_v the_o whole_a earth_n be_v hinder_v that_o it_o overwhelm_v not_o the_o whole_a earth_n but_o the_o high_a part_n and_o such_o as_o appear_v above_o the_o water_n be_v island_n of_o which_o some_o be_v great_a and_o some_o small_a earth_n mouth_n hole_n pipe_n &_o other_o conveyance_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n 2._o beside_o that_o continual_a channel_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o outward_a superficies_n within_o also_o in_o the_o solid_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v innumerable_a mouth_n hole_n swallow_n wind_n conveyance_n deep_n pipe_n and_o huge_a vast_a receiver_n in_o some_o of_o which_o there_o be_v the_o sea_n which_o by_o that_o secret_a conveyance_n be_v join_v to_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o common_a sea_n in_o some_o again_o there_o be_v sweet_a water_n rivers_n stream_n in_o some_o spirit_n or_o else_o a_o sulphury_a and_o smoke_a substance_n seneca_n say_v right_o he_o give_v too_o much_o way_n to_o his_o eyesight_n who_o believe_v not_o that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o hide_a and_o secret_a bosom_n of_o the_o earth_n bay_n of_o a_o vast_a sea_n neither_o do_v i_o perceive_v what_o may_v hinder_v that_o there_o may_v not_o be_v some_o seashore_n and_o the_o sea_n receive_v by_o hide_a passage_n there_o be_v therefore_o no_o cause_n of_o doubt_v of_o there_o be_v many_o hollow_n in_o the_o very_a solid_a earth_n for_o very_o we_o conjecture_v at_o it_o by_o these_o mean_n first_o by_o the_o river_n which_o be_v find_v in_o many_o place_n where_o earth_n be_v dig_v even_o to_o a_o notable_a depth_n which_o be_v frequent_a in_o mine_n second_o in_o some_o place_n the_o profundity_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v beyond_o all_o sound_a or_o measure_n three_o there_o be_v some_o cave_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o hispaniola_n be_v a_o mountain_n of_o a_o great_a height_n be_v hollow_a within_o with_o many_o cave_n in_o which_o river_n of_o water_n be_v throw_v down_o headlong_o with_o so_o great_a sound_n and_o rush_a noise_n of_o stream_n that_o the_o very_a fall_n of_o those_o water_n may_v be_v hear_v
five_o mile_n distance_n four_o some_o gulf_n or_o whirlpool_n be_v find_v in_o the_o sea_n five_o earthquake_n do_v also_o prove_v the_o be_v of_o cavity_n under_o the_o earth_n six_o some_o river_n bury_v themselves_o under_o the_o earth_n as_o niger_n tigris_n etc._n etc._n seven_o salt-spring_n which_o without_o doubt_n for_o the_o great_a part_n spring_n and_o flow_v from_o the_o sea_n be_v find_v in_o many_o place_n eight_o so_o in_o many_o place_n the_o ground_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o man_n walk_v tremble_v and_o shake_v as_o about_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n omer_n in_o flanders_n in_o the_o province_n of_o brabant_n die_v peel_n proposition_n iu._n the_o superficies_n or_o surface_n of_o the_o land_n be_v continual_a but_o that_o of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o so_o indeed_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o land_n appear_v out_o above_o the_o water_n be_v continue_v or_o always_o the_o same_o to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o this_o of_o the_o sea_n again_o be_v continue_v to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o land_n appear_v above_o river_n one_o continual_a superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n bays_n and_o river_n so_o there_o be_v one_o continual_a superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o bays_n and_o river_n but_o not_o of_o all_o water_n because_o there_o be_v some_o lake_n which_o be_v not_o join_v with_o the_o ocean_n in_o the_o superficies_n as_o the_o lake_n parime_n and_o the_o caspian_a sea_n proposition_n v._o it_o be_v certain_a how_o or_o in_o what_o manner_n the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o surface_n that_o be_v from_o our_o habitation_n towards_o the_o centre_n some_o man_n think_v that_o the_o water_n be_v in_o the_o bottom_n about_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n loadstone_n the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n within_o according_a to_o gilbert_n a_o english_a man_n be_v a_o hard_a loadstone_n but_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a true_a that_o the_o earth_n occupy_v that_o place_n gilbert_n a_o english_a man_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n within_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o most_o hard_a loadstone_n but_o that_o those_o part_n to_o which_o man_n have_v admittance_n by_o dig_v and_o in_o which_o herb_n grow_v and_o we_o also_o live_v be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o shell_n or_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o continual_a generation_n and_o corruption_n be_v make_v scheme_n make_v see_v fig._n but_o cartesius_n be_v of_o a_o different_a opinion_n see_v scheme_n cartesius_n his_o opinion_n be_v not_o much_o different_a from_o this_o who_o think_v that_o there_o be_v three_o region_n or_o part_n of_o divers_a substance_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o most_o inward_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n he_o deem_v to_o be_v about_o the_o centre_n thereof_o the_o second_o he_o judge_v to_o be_v thick_a and_o dusky_a of_o very_o small_a part_n the_o three_o he_o think_v wherein_o man_n be_v employ_v to_o be_v make_v up_o of_o little_a parcel_n not_o well_o cleave_v together_o but_o indeed_o touch_v this_o thing_n there_o can_v scarce_o any_o certainty_n be_v affirm_v it_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o hotbath_n that_o in_o very_a many_o place_n under_o the_o earth_n fire_n and_o fume_n be_v lift_v up_o from_o sulphur_n proposition_n vi_o the_o consistency_n or_o stand_v and_o fast_o cleave_v together_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v from_o salt_n salt_n in_o all_o kind_n of_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o salt_n the_o artificial_a resolve_v of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n show_v that_o in_o all_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o salt_n and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o as_o the_o hard_a the_o body_n be_v a_o few_o oily_a one_o be_v except_v as_o in_o metal_n stone_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o the_o concretion_n or_o hard_o grow_v together_o of_o all_o thing_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o salt_n be_v manifest_a by_o stone_n which_o we_o may_v by_o art_n make_v very_o hard_a with_o salt_n burr_n if_o you_o separate_v the_o salt_n from_o the_o earth_n she_o will_v no_o long_o cleave_v or_o stick_v together_o but_o will_v be_v a_o powder_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v reduce_v to_o hardness_n without_o the_o admixtion_n of_o salt_n thereto_o proposition_n vii_o the_o kind_n of_o earth_n be_v divers_a way_n mix_v together_o in_o the_o earth_n mine_n of_o metal_n find_v in_o mine_n thus_o in_o mine_n be_v find_v small_a piece_n of_o gold_n silver_n lead_v etc._n etc._n not_o heap_v together_o and_o join_v apart_o from_o other_o but_o both_o mix_v among_o themselves_o and_o also_o with_o unprofitable_a earth_n according_a to_o the_o least_o part_n that_o artificer_n not_o at_o the_o first_o sight_n but_o by_o divers_a sign_n do_v find_v out_o what_o may_v be_v contain_v in_o any_o metalline_a earth_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o the_o field_n sand_n be_v mix_v with_o clay_n or_o loam_n lime_n salt_n etc._n etc._n amsterdam_n of_o the_o different_a sort_n of_o earth_n as_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o well_o dig_v at_o amsterdam_n when_o as_o on_o a_o certain_a time_n at_o amsterdam_n for_o make_v a_o well_o the_o earth_n be_v dig_v out_o even_o to_o the_o depth_n of_o 232_o foot_n these_o sort_n of_o earth_n be_v show_v to_o the_o beholder_n viz._n of_o garden-earth_n 7_o foot_n of_o black-earth_n fit_v for_o fire_n which_o be_v call_v peat_n 9_o foot_n of_o soft-clay_n 9_o foot_n of_o sand_n 8_o foot_n of_o earth_n 4_o foot_n of_o clay_n 10_o foot_n of_o earth_n 4_o foot_n of_o sand_n upon_o which_o the_o house_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v ram_v and_o pave_v 10_o foot_n of_o clay_n 2_o foot_n of_o white-loam_n 4_o foot_n of_o dry-earth_n 5_o foot_n of_o muddy_a 1_o foot_n of_o sand_n 14_o foot_n of_o sandy-clay_n 3_o foot_n of_o sand_n mix_v with_o clay_n 5_o foot_n of_o sand_n mix_v with_o sea-fish_n shell_n 4_o foot_n than_o a_o bottom_n of_o clay_n to_o the_o depth_n of_o 102_o foot_n and_o last_o of_o loam_n 31_o foot_n where_o the_o dig_v cease_v and_o they_o come_v to_o water_n the_o figure_n of_o which_o see_v among_o the_o scheme_n proposition_n viii_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o as_o well_o the_o outward_a disposition_n thereof_o and_o the_o position_n of_o its_o part_n be_v not_o perpetual_o the_o same_o but_o be_v at_o divers_a time_n divers_a substance_n the_o water_n of_o the_o seamake_v divers_a change_n and_o ruin_n in_o the_o earth_n where_o likewise_o lie_v hide_v spirit_n and_o sulphureous_a substance_n indeed_o not_o only_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n make_v divers_a change_n and_o ruin_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n whilst_o certain_a hole_n be_v stop_v up_o some_o be_v make_v more_o broad_a but_o also_o spirit_n and_o sulphury_a substance_n lie_v hide_v here_o and_o there_o in_o the_o earth_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o increase_v and_o to_o be_v resolve_v into_o vapour_n do_v impetuous_o shake_v and_o thrust_v forward_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o earthquake_n and_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o such_o like_a motion_n be_v make_v in_o the_o interior_a part_n and_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o we_o feel_v not_o neither_o perceive_v but_o we_o will_v speak_v of_o the_o mutual_a change_n of_o the_o water_n and_o earth_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o eighteen_o chapter_n the_o earth_n be_v divide_v into_o land_n and_o water_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n extant_a out_o of_o the_o water_n by_o the_o interflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v distinguish_v into_o these_o four_o part_n 1._o into_o great_a continent_n or_o great_a island_n of_o which_o four_o be_v reckon_v by_o we_o 1._o the_o old_a world_n who_o part_n be_v asia_n africa_n and_o europe_n the_o bound_n of_o this_o continent_n be_v on_o the_o north_n the_o freeze_a and_o tartarian_a ocean_n on_o the_o east_n the_o pacifick_n and_o indian_a ocean_n on_o the_o south_n the_o southern_a ocean_n on_o the_o west_n the_o atlantic_a ocean_n 2._o the_o new_a world_n or_o america_n who_o part_n be_v meridionalis_fw-la septentrionalis_n the_o bound_n of_o it_o be_v on_o the_o north_n davis_n streights_n on_o the_o east_n the_o atlantic_a ocean_n on_o the_o south_n the_o pacifick_n ocean_n on_o the_o west_n the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n 3._o the_o polary_a north-land_n or_o greenland_n be_v every_o where_o encompass_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o streights_n 4._o the_o south-land_n and_o land_n of_o magellan_n yet_o undiscovered_a 2._o into_o peninsulas_fw-la or_o chersonesus_n which_o be_v part_n of_o those_o continent_n round_o who_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n be_v equal_a about_o africa_n itself_o peloponesus_fw-la the_o chersonesus_n of_o grecia_n chersonesus_n taurica_n or_o tartary_n
peninsula_n a_o peninsula_n a_o peninsula_n or_o chersonese_n that_o be_v such_o a_o tract_n of_o land_n that_o be_v almost_o encompass_v by_o the_o sea_n except_o at_o one_o only_a narrow_a place_n where_o with_o a_o strait_a neck_n of_o land_n call_v a_o isthmus_n it_o be_v knit_v to_o the_o main_a land_n isthmus_n a_o isthmus_n a_o isthmus_n be_v that_o narrow_a or_o strait_a neck_n of_o land_n that_o couple_n and_o join_v the_o peninsula_n to_o the_o continent_n or_o main-land_n and_o that_o by_o which_o we_o pass_v out_o of_o one_o broad_a land_n into_o another_o the_o peninsula_n chersonesuss_n or_o chersoneses_n that_o be_v run_v out_o land_n be_v these_o follow_v to_o wit_n 1._o italy_n 2._o spain_n 3._o part_v of_o england_n peninsula_n of_o land_n which_o be_v or_o may_v be_v term_v peninsula_n 4._o all_o greece_n and_o macedonia_n 5._o norway_n and_o swedeland_n with_o lapland_n 6._o asia_n minor_fw-la 7._o india_n 8._o camboia_n 9_o new_a guiney_n of_o the_o south-land_n 10._o beach_n a_o country_n of_o the_o same_o land_n 11._o part_v of_o virginia_n and_o new-england_n 12._o the_o tongue_n of_o africa_n etc._n etc._n proposition_n x._o ancient_n other_o land_n term_v peninsula_n the_o chersonese_n of_o the_o ancient_n we_o will_v number_v up_o further_o fourteen_o peninsula_n or_o chersonese_n and_o these_o we_o will_v divide_v into_o longish_n one_o and_o somewhat_o round_a one_o the_o longish_n one_o be_v first_o the_o golden_a chersonese_n of_o the_o ancient_n now_o call_v the_o malaccan_n chersonese_n and_o join_v to_o the_o indies_n 2._o the_o cymbrick_n chersonese_n now_o call_v jutland_n adjoin_v to_o holsatia_n 3._o california_n on_o the_o western_a side_n of_o north_n america_n near_o the_o sea_n vermejo_n but_o late_a observation_n report_v it_o to_o be_v a_o island_n 4._o new_a france_n on_o the_o eastern_a side_n of_o north_n america_n 5._o the_o jucatan_n chersonese_n in_o the_o bay_n of_o mexico_n 6._o the_o thracian_a chersonese_n on_o the_o hellespont_n 7._o the_o cassandrian_a chersonese_n by_o the_o bay_n of_o thessalonica_n in_o the_o grecian_a sea_n there_o be_v also_o certain_a peninsula_n less_o celebrious_a of_o the_o lesser_a asia_n to_o wit_n jonia_n or_o the_o smyrnensian_a peninsule_n 2._o the_o cnidensian_a or_o the_o country_n of_o doris_n and_o 3._o the_o mindensian_a peninsula_n concern_v corea_n it_o be_v doubtful_a whether_o it_o be_v a_o complete_a island_n or_o a_o peninsula_n some_o map_n join_v it_o to_o tartary_n some_o again_o begird_v it_o round_o with_o the_o sea_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o late_a observation_n make_v it_o a_o peninsule_n the_o somewhat_o round_a peninsula_n be_v 1._o africa_n herself_o a_o huge_a part_n of_o the_o old_a world_n be_v such_o a_o one_o it_o be_v environ_v with_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n the_o atlantic_a ocean_n the_o aethiopic_a indian_a and_o red-sea_n it_o stick_v fast_o to_o asia_n by_o a_o narrow_a tract_n of_o land_n at_o egypt_n 2._o three_o part_n of_o america_n to_o wit_n mexican_n and_o peru_n stick_v fast_o together_o at_o panama_n by_o a_o narrow_a passage_n of_o the_o earth_n 3._o peloponnesus_n now_o call_v the_o morea_n be_v part_n of_o greece_n 4._o taurick_v chersonese_n or_o peninsula_n in_o the_o euxine_a sea_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o fen_n maeotis_n now_o call_v the_o precopensian_a tartary_n 5._o cambaia_n in_o india_n proposition_n xi_o peninsula_n of_o the_o chief_a peninsula_n we_o reckon_v as_o many_o isthmuss_n as_o peninsula_n the_o more_o famous_a be_v five_o in_o number_n 1._o the_o isthmus_n between_o egypt_n and_o asia_n whereby_o africa_n join_v to_o asia_n 2._o the_o corinthian_a isthmus_n between_o peloponnesus_n and_o greece_n 3._o the_o panamensian_a isthmus_n between_o mexico_n america_n and_o peruvia_n 4._o the_o isthmus_n between_o the_o chersonesus_n aurea_n or_o golden_a chersonesus_n and_o the_o indies_n 5._o the_o isthmus_n of_o the_o taurick_n chersonese_n chap._n ix_o of_o mountain_n and_o hill_n in_o general_n hill_n of_o mountain_n and_o hill_n touch_v mountain_n very_o many_o thing_n worthy_a to_o be_v know_v in_o geography_n will_v here_o occur_v and_o meet_v we_o partly_o because_o they_o seem_v to_o hinder_v the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o partly_o because_o divers_a thing_n among_o renown_a author_n be_v here_o deliver_v concern_v they_o proposition_n i._n but_o a_o mountain_n or_o hill_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n rise_v aloft_o which_o if_o it_o be_v lesser_a be_v call_v a_o hillock_n or_o clift_n rock_n of_o promontory_n and_o rock_n also_o a_o promontory_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o hill_n or_o mountain_n run_v out_o at_o length_n into_o the_o sea_n rock_n be_v call_v part_n jut_v or_o appear_v forth_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o also_o arise_v up_o out_o of_o huge_a stony_a bulk_n or_o body_n but_o it_o must_v be_v general_o know_v that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o appear_v plain_a be_v not_o all_o of_o the_o same_o height_n but_o some_o be_v sink_v low_a especial_o at_o or_o near_o the_o sea_n shore_n insomuch_o as_o the_o height_n increase_v from_o maritine_n place_n or_o such_o as_o abutt_o upon_o the_o sea_n even_o to_o the_o inland_a region_n this_o also_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o fountain_n and_o flow_a stream_n of_o river_n for_o see_v that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o which_o the_o water_n flow_v be_v low_a than_o that_o from_o which_o it_o flow_v and_o that_o the_o fountain-head_n and_o spring_n of_o river_n be_v seldom_o in_o the_o inland_a place_n and_o such_o as_o be_v far_o remote_a from_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v clear_o manifest_a thereby_o that_o the_o inland_a place_n be_v more_o elevate_v than_o those_o adjoin_v to_o the_o sea_n coast_n seacoast_n inland_a place_n high_a than_o those_o near_o the_o seacoast_n so_o bohemia_n be_v high_a than_o holsatia_n which_o be_v perceive_v by_o the_o stream_a course_n of_o the_o river_n elbe_n which_o flow_v from_o bohemia_n to_o holsatia_n in_o like_a manner_n we_o take_v apparent_a sign_n and_o argument_n of_o the_o great_a height_n of_o inland_a place_n from_o the_o river_n danubius_n visurgis_n rhine_n mosa_n etc._n etc._n the_o swishers_n and_o rhetian_o country_n be_v judge_v by_o some_o man_n to_o be_v the_o high_a of_o all_o europe_n because_o the_o river_n rhine_n rouen_n and_o the_o great_a danou_n do_v flow_v and_o stream_n down_o from_o thence_o moreover_o look_v how_o great_a the_o declivity_n or_o bear_v downward_o of_o the_o river_n be_v so_o great_a be_v the_o height_n of_o the_o inland_a place_n above_o the_o maritine_n place_n proposition_n ii_o to_o find_v out_o the_o height_n of_o a_o mountain_n by_o geodesie_n or_o land-measuring_a common_o call_v survey_v this_o be_v perform_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n which_o we_o use_v in_o the_o search_n out_o the_o height_n of_o tower_n if_o so_o be_v the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n or_o hill_n be_v remarkable_a by_o some_o peculiar_a sign_n geodesie_n for_o the_o find_n out_o the_o height_n of_o a_o mountain_n by_o geodesie_n let_v a_o b_o be_v the_o mountain_n height_n a_o the_o foot_n b_o the_o conspicuous_a head_n thereof_o we_o will_v take_v the_o line_n f_o c_o by_o a_o mean_a distance_n from_o it_o so_o that_o neither_o of_o the_o angle_n a_o f_o c_o a_o c_o f_o may_v be_v make_v very_o acute_a but_o may_v in_o a_o manner_n be_v equal_a then_o let_v the_o angle_n a_o f_o c_o a_o c_o f_o be_v observe_v by_o a_o collimation_n or_o level_v with_o wink_v be_v make_v to_o b_o and_o these_o be_v subtract_v to_o 180_o degree_n the_o remain_a degree_n shall_v show_v forth_o the_o angle_n c_o a_o f._n after_o that_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o station_n of_o f_o c_o be_v exquisite_o to_o be_v measure_v scheme_n see_v scheme_n and_o let_v it_o be_v wrought_v as_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n f_o a_o c_o to_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n c_o f_o a_o or_o f_o c_o a_o if_o you_o will_v take_v f_o a_o so_o f_o c_o to_o a_o c_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o mountain_n from_o c._n then_o the_o instrument_n be_v hang_v up_o or_o place_v upright_o in_o c_z and_o level_v with_o the_o eye_n to_o b_o let_v the_o angle_n b_o c_o at_fw-fr be_v take_v and_o because_o the_o triangle_n c_o a_o b_o be_v strait_a angle_a to_o wit_n the_o angle_n b_o a_o c_o be_v strait_a therefore_o also_o the_o angle_n a_o b_o c_o of_o 90_o degree_n shall_v be_v give_v let_v it_o therefore_o be_v wrought_v by_o the_o triangle_n bac_n as_o the_o whole_a sign_n 10000000_o to_o the_o tangent_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n b_o c_o a_o so_o the_o distance_n a_o c_o to_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o the_o mountain_n a_o b._n xenagoras_n the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n olympus_n measure_v by_o xenagoras_n for_o example_n let_v we_o put_v it_o that_o
then_o follow_v the_o coast_n of_o arabia_n here_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o persian_a gulf_n and_o towards_o the_o east_n the_o coast_n of_o persia_n cambaja_n indostan_n india_n malacca_n bengala_n camboja_n china_n tartary_n at_o corea_n or_o the_o straight_a of_o anian_n whence_o by_o or_o through_o the_o northern_a coast_n of_o tartary_n and_o samojedia_n you_o return_v to_o waigat_n strait_n the_o circumscription_n or_o periplus_n of_o america_n be_v thus_o america_n the_o periplus_n of_o america_n we_o begin_v from_o the_o shore_n of_o davies_n streights_n whence_o in_o a_o gulf_n be_v make_v the_o sea_n name_v from_o hudson_n be_v receive_v here_o by_o a_o reflection_n be_v the_o coast_n of_o estotiland_n new-england_n new-france_n virginia_n florida_n mexico_n the_o american_n isthmus_n castelle_n del_fw-it oro_fw-la guiana_n caribana_n brazilia_n here_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n look_v towards_o the_o south_n but_o extend_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n hence_o from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o north_n run_v the_o shore_n of_o chili_n peru_n the_o american_n isthmus_n mexico_n where_o at_o california_n the_o sea_n of_o vermejo_n be_v receive_v in_o a_o gulf_n hence_o the_o coast_n of_o california_n new-england_n quivira_n anian_n where_o be_v the_o coast_n of_o the_o strait_n of_o anian_a which_o now_o they_o deny_v and_o follow_v unknown_a shore_n which_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o strait_n of_o davies_n the_o circumscription_n of_o the_o north_n polary_n land_n be_v thus_o from_o davies_n streights_n the_o coast_n of_o groenland_n do_v begin_v which_o run_v a_o little_a towards_o the_o south_n and_o then_o return_v to_o the_o north_n and_o be_v term_v the_o coast_n of_o spitzbergh_n then_o the_o shore_n run_v from_o the_o region_n of_o nova_n zembla_n and_o be_v opposite_a to_o the_o tartarian_a ocean_n where_o the_o other_o coast_n even_o to_o davies_n streights_n be_v unknown_a magellan_n the_o periplus_n of_o the_o land_n of_o magellan_n the_o periplus_n of_o the_o land_n of_o magellan_n be_v thus_o the_o coast_n begin_v from_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n or_o le_fw-fr more_o and_o make_v divers_a wâ—ndings_n to_o the_o region_n beach_n where_o the_o lantchilonium_n sea_n be_v receive_v in_o a_o straight_a hence_o the_o coast_n of_o new-guiney_n run_v forward_o to_o the_o north_n and_o then_o return_v to_o the_o south_n than_o they_o go_v straight_o on_o to_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n thus_o the_o periplus_n of_o the_o land_n be_v finish_v now_o let_v we_o take_v a_o prospect_n of_o the_o circumscription_n of_o the_o ocean_n we_o will_v make_v entrance_n between_o davies_n streights_n and_o nova_n zembla_n and_o here_o be_v the_o hyperborean_a sea_n the_o freeze_a sea_n the_o caledonian_n or_o sea_n of_o groenland_n than_o it_o run_v between_o the_o coast_n of_o europe_n and_o america_n and_o be_v call_v the_o british_a sea_n the_o danish_a sea_n where_o it_o make_v a_o gulf_n the_o german_a french_a spanish_a where_o it_o make_v the_o mediterranean_a and_o sea_n of_o mexico_n the_o atlantic_a in_o part_n here_o viz._n where_o it_o run_v between_o the_o coast_n of_o brasil_n and_o africa_n by_o and_o by_o it_o be_v call_v aethiopia_n and_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n on_o one_o side_n enter_v in_o from_o the_o other_o eastern_a quarter_n be_v the_o indian_a and_o south-sea_n where_o it_o be_v extend_v between_o africa_n and_o the_o land_n of_o magellan_n then_o between_o asia_n and_o the_o same_o land_n of_o magellan_n and_o come_v into_o the_o pacifick_n sea_n which_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o strait_n of_o waigat_n and_o anian_a and_o to_o the_o south_n straight_o of_o magellan_n by_o the_o middle_n of_o which_o it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o atlantic_a it_o direct_o tend_v to_o the_o oriental_a coast_n of_o america_n chili_n peru_n mexico_n california_n new-england_n to_o these_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v two_o table_n whereof_o one_o contain_v the_o division_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o the_o division_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n but_o have_v make_v use_v of_o the_o former_a in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n i_o omit_v it_o here_o and_o only_o make_v use_n of_o the_o latter_a viz._n the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o earth_n be_v divide_v into_o land_n and_o water_n the_o water_n be_v divide_v into_o rivers_n lake_n marsh_n and_o the_o continue_a ocean_n or_o sea_n be_v distinguish_v through_o the_o land_n by_o these_o difference_n 1._o the_o ocean_n who_o chief_a part_n be_v four_o 1._o the_o atlantic_a mer_n del_fw-it nort_n follow_v with_o the_o ethiopic_a sea_n between_o europe_n and_o africa_n on_o the_o one_o part_n and_o america_n on_o the_o other_o obtain_v divers_a name_n according_a to_o the_o part_n as_o the_o ethiopic_a british_a french_a ocean_n 2._o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n mer_n del_fw-it zur_n between_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o asia_n the_o indian_a isle_n and_o the_o occidental_a coast_n of_o america_n 3._o the_o north_n ocean_n about_o the_o north_n continent_n the_o tartarian_a hyperborean_a freeze_v ocean_n 4._o the_o south_n ocean_n about_o the_o land_n of_o magellan_n part_n of_o which_o be_v the_o indian_a sea_n 2._o bay_n or_o gulf_n long_a whereof_o there_o be_v six_o to_o wit_n 1._o the_o mediterranean_a run_v between_o africa_n and_o the_o region_n of_o europe_n who_o part_n be_v the_o iberian_n sicilian_a cretan_a sea_n etc._n etc._n the_o secondary_a gulf_n which_o be_v many_o the_o adriatic_a gulf_n of_o venice_n euxine_a sea_n the_o bay_n of_o corinth_n etc._n etc._n 2._o the_o baltic_a ocean_n '_o whence_o be_v these_o secondary_a gulf_n as_o that_o of_o livonia_n botnia_n finmarke_n 3._o the_o gulf_n of_o arabia_n between_o africa_n and_o arabia_n 4._o the_o persian_a gulf_n between_o arabia_n and_o persia_n 5._o the_o gulf_n of_o california_n between_o california_n and_o new_a granada_n 6._o the_o gulf_n of_o corea_n between_o corea_n and_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o tartary_n and_o china_n broad_o or_o wide_o as_o 1._o the_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n between_o the_o north_n and_o south_n america_n 2._o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n between_o the_o coast_n of_o indostan_n and_o malacca_n 3._o the_o gulf_n between_o malacca_n and_o camboja_n 4._o the_o white_a sea_n from_o the_o north_n ocean_n between_o lapland_n and_o the_o utmost_a coast_n of_o moscovia_n 5._o the_o lantchidol_n sea_n between_o the_o beach_n and_o new_a guiny_n of_o the_o land_n of_o magellan_n 6._o hudsons_n sea_n between_o new_a france_n and_o canada_n arise_v from_o the_o northern_a ocean_n these_o want_n streights_n 3._o strait_n as_o the_o strait_n of_o 1._o magellan_n by_o which_o you_o come_v from_o the_o atlantic_a or_o ethiopick_n into_o the_o pacifick_n and_o this_o be_v the_o long_a straight_a of_o all_o other_o 2._o le_fw-fr more_o near_o to_o that_o of_o magellan_n and_o of_o the_o same_o use_n 3._o waigat_n by_o which_o you_o sail_v from_o the_o north_n ocean_n into_o the_o tartarian_a 4._o anian_n by_o which_o you_o sail_v from_o the_o tartarian_a into_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n which_o be_v now_o deny_v 5._o davis_n and_o forbischers_n by_o which_o you_o sail_v from_o the_o atlantic_a into_o the_o tartarian_a or_o pacifick_n 6._o nova_fw-la zembla_n by_o which_o a_o way_n may_v be_v grant_v from_o the_o hyperborean_a and_o frozen-sea_n into_o the_o tartarian_a but_o that_o the_o ice_n do_v hinder_v 7._o gibraltar_n by_o which_o a_o passage_n be_v from_o the_o atlantic_a into_o the_o mediterranean_a 8._o denmark_n or_o the_o sound_n by_o which_o you_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o atlantic_a into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n 9_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o arabian_a sea_n by_o which_o you_o arrive_v in_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n 10._o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o persian_a sea_n by_o which_o you_o come_v into_o the_o persian_a gulf_n 11._o the_o hellespont_n and_o bosphorus_n by_o which_o you_o come_v from_o the_o aegean_a sea_n into_o the_o sea_n of_o pontus_n as_o concern_v the_o caspian_a sea_n whether_o that_o it_o be_v peculiar_a or_o whether_o that_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o broad_a gulf_n of_o the_o ocean_n of_o which_o it_o be_v a_o subterranean_a passage_n be_v yet_o doubt_v chap._n xiii_o of_o some_o property_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o its_o part_n proposition_n i._o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o all_o liquid_a body_n be_v rotund_v spherical_a or_o else_o be_v part_n of_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n who_o centre_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a earth_n or_o land_n the_o verity_n of_o this_o theorem_fw-la be_v manifest_a from_o those_o argument_n by_o which_o we_o prove_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a which_o be_v true_a concern_v the_o water_n as_o the_o earth_n as_o i_o have_v there_o prove_v but_o because_o those_o probation_n only_o conclude_v à _fw-la posteriori_fw-la i_o here_o
therefore_o determine_v to_o make_v demonstration_n à _fw-la priori_fw-la by_o which_o archimedes_n prove_v concern_v all_o liquid_a body_n that_o the_o superficies_n be_v spherical_a this_o suppose_a as_o a_o thing_n certain_a consist_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o in_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o archimedes_n suppose_v in_o his_o demonstration_n three_o thing_n archimedes_n the_o demonstration_n of_o archimedes_n 1._o in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o the_o earth_n have_v some_o kind_n of_o centre_n and_o therefore_o be_v of_o a_o spherical_a figure_n 2._o that_o this_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o all_o liquid_a body_n that_o the_o part_n of_o they_o lie_v equal_o or_o in_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o continuous_a among_o themselves_o the_o lesser_a press_v be_v expel_v by_o the_o more_o press_v which_o he_o show_v from_o experience_n 3._o that_o every_o part_n of_o a_o liquid_a body_n be_v press_v by_o the_o liquid_a body_n above_o it_o to_o the_o perpendicular_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n if_o so_o be_v that_o this_o liquid_a body_n be_v descend_v or_o press_v by_o some_o other_o body_n beside_o these_o three_o supposition_n archimedes_n use_v a_o certain_a geometrical_a proposition_n which_o be_v not_o find_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o element_n and_o therefore_o he_o demonstrate_v the_o same_o which_o be_v this_o if_o any_o superficies_n be_v cut_v from_o whatsoever_o place_n pass_v through_o one_o point_n and_o every_o section_n be_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n have_v that_o point_n its_o centre_n this_o superficies_n be_v spherical_a who_o centre_n shall_v be_v the_o point_n name_v now_o this_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o show_v for_o let_v the_o superficies_n of_o any_o body_n be_v cut_v through_o the_o point_n d_o in_o the_o plain_n i_o f_o k_n e_o p_o scheme_n see_v scheme_n and_o let_v the_o line_n of_o the_o section_n i_o f_o k_n e_o p_o be_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n have_v it_o for_o its_o centre_n and_o in_o every_o section_n make_v by_o d_o let_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n have_v the_o centre_n d_o be_v find_v we_o must_v show_v that_o this_o superficies_n be_v spherical_a and_o d_o be_v its_o centre_n d_o its_o point_n that_o be_v all_o the_o point_n of_o this_o line_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o point_n d_o for_o we_o may_v conceive_v as_o many_o right_a line_n as_o we_o will_v draw_v from_o the_o point_n d_o to_o the_o other_o point_n of_o the_o propose_a superficies_n therefore_o these_o must_v be_v demonstrate_v to_o be_v equal_a mutual_o one_o to_o the_o other_o let_v any_o one_o of_o those_o draw_v from_o d_o to_o the_o superficies_n be_v take_v and_o through_o that_o and_o through_o the_o right_a line_n d_o f_o let_v a_o plain_a be_v draw_v this_o plain_a therefore_o cut_v the_o superficies_n will_v make_v the_o periphery_a according_a to_o the_o hypothesis_n wherefore_o that_o be_v draw_v shall_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o right_a line_n d_o f_o and_o so_o we_o shall_v show_v concern_v all_o draw_v from_o the_o point_n d_o that_o they_o be_v equal_a to_o d_o f_o itself_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o be_v all_o mutual_o equal_v one_o to_o another_o from_o whence_o we_o infer_v that_o this_o superficies_n be_v spherical_a have_v for_o a_o centre_n the_o point_n d_o for_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n be_v a_o crooked_a superficies_n within_o which_o be_v a_o certain_a point_n from_o whence_o all_o the_o right_a line_n be_v draw_v be_v equal_a at_o the_o superficies_n this_o premise_a the_o spherical_a superficies_n of_o every_o liquid_a body_n be_v demonstrate_v in_o this_o manner_n let_v any_o consist_v matter_n be_v e_o f_o g_o h_n let_v d_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o let_v we_o conceive_v this_o liquor_n to_o be_v cut_v in_o a_o plain_a passage_n through_o d_o let_v the_o section_n make_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v the_o line_n e_o f_o g_o h_o but_o we_o must_v first_o show_v that_o this_o line_n e_o f_o g_o h_n be_v crooked_a viz._n the_o periphery_a or_o arch_n of_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n who_o centre_n be_v d_o but_o if_o it_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o pass_v that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o such_o periphery_n the_o right_a line_n draw_v from_o d_o to_o that_o will_v be_v unequal_a let_v the_o unequal_a draw_v line_n be_v d_o e_o d_o g_o to_o wit_n d_o g_z will_v be_v great_a than_o d_o e_z and_o let_v d_o g_o be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o which_o be_v draw_v from_o d_o and_o let_v d_o e_o be_v the_o least_o let_v the_o other_o right_a line_n d_o f_o be_v draw_v twice_o cut_v the_o angle_n g_o d_o e_o at_o efgh_a so_o that_o this_o line_n d_o f_o shall_v be_v great_a than_o d_o e_z but_o less_o than_o d_o g_o then_o let_v the_o periphery_a or_o arch_n of_o the_o circle_n i_o f_o k_n h_n be_v describe_v in_o the_o centre_n d_o the_o internal_a d_o e_z in_o this_o same_o plain_a the_o periphery_a of_o which_o will_v cut_v the_o right_a line_n d_o e_o protract_v beyond_o the_o point_n e_o viz._n in_o the_o point_n i_o but_o the_o right_a line_n d_o g_o on_o this_o side_n g_o viz._n in_o the_o point_n k._n moreover_o in_o the_o centre_n d_o the_o interval_n d_o l_o which_o be_v lesser_a than_o d_o e_z let_v the_o periphery_a or_o arch_a l_o m_o n_o be_v describe_v beneath_o or_o within_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o plain_n i_o f_o k_n h_n therefore_o the_o part_n of_o the_o liquor_n contain_v within_o d_o l_o n_o or_o about_o the_o periphery_n l_o m_o n_o by_o a_o equal_a distance_n be_v place_v and_o be_v continuous_a from_o the_o centre_n d_o but_o those_o part_n which_o be_v about_o m_o n_n be_v more_o press_v than_o those_o that_o be_v about_o l_o m_n because_o they_o be_v press_v by_o a_o great_a weight_n viz._n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n be_v above_o they_o than_o those_o at_o l_o m._n therefore_o the_o part_n near_o l_o m_n be_v less_o press_v be_v expel_v from_o the_o part_n near_o m_o n_n and_o these_o shall_v possess_v their_o place_n neither_o shall_v the_o liquor_n consist_v but_o let_v the_o liquor_n be_v suppose_v to_o consist_v and_o be_v quiet_a there_o shall_v be_v then_o a_o liquor_n consist_v and_o not_o consist_v which_o will_v be_v absurd_a wherefore_o the_o right_a line_n draw_v from_o d_o to_o the_o line_n e_o f_o g_o h_n be_v not_o unequal_a but_o equal_a and_o therefore_o the_o line_n e_o f_o g_o h_n be_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n who_o centre_n be_v d._n the_o same_o be_v the_o demonstration_n concern_v all_o place_n cut_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o liquor_n and_o pass_v through_o d_o viz._n it_o will_v show_v the_o section_n of_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o centre_n d._n now_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o liquor_n be_v such_o that_o if_o it_o be_v cut_v by_o planes_n in_o any_o sort_n pass_v by_o d_o the_o section_n may_v always_o be_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n therefore_o it_o follow_v from_o the_o aforesaid_a demonstrate_v proposition_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o liquor_n be_v spherical_a have_v the_o centre_n the_o point_n d_o which_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v spherical_a have_v the_o same_o centre_n which_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o will_v also_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n ii_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o of_o a_o great_a height_n than_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v and_o therefore_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n be_v almost_o of_o the_o same_o altitude_n high_a mountain_n except_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v demonstrate_v from_o the_o former_a proposition_n for_o if_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v spherical_a altitude_n the_o earth_n and_o water_n be_v almost_o of_o the_o same_o altitude_n and_o of_o the_o same_o centre_n with_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o sea_n be_v no_o high_o about_o the_o shore_n than_o the_o earth_n therefore_o neither_o shall_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v high_a than_o the_o earth_n but_o its_o superficies_n with_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o other_o shall_v make_v one_o and_o the_o same_o spherical_a superficies_n but_o without_o the_o former_a proposition_n we_o shall_v show_v this_o theorem_fw-la à _fw-la posteriori_fw-la after_o this_o manner_n as_o the_o precede_a proposition_n may_v be_v show_v from_o this_o if_o that_o they_o confide_v not_o in_o the_o former_a demonstration_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o assume_v hypothesis_n 1._o experience_n testify_v that_o water_n be_v free_a and_o not_o
the_o air_n and_o a_o pressure_n towards_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o air_n be_v force_v to_o the_o sea_n endeavour_v to_o drive_v it_o from_o its_o place_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v fluid_a and_o not_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o force_a air_n therefore_o it_o be_v move_v from_o its_o place_n towards_o the_o place_n of_o the_o opposite_a quarter_n and_o force_v another_o water_n and_o this_o another_o and_o so_o on_o now_o see_v that_o there_o be_v always_o some_o wind_n in_o the_o air_n sometime_o in_o this_o place_n and_o sometime_o in_o that_o and_o sometime_o diverse_a in_o divers_a place_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v certain_a contingent_a motion_n always_o in_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v more_o discernible_a in_o the_o part_n near_o the_o wind_n and_o therefore_o the_o rather_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o sea_n do_v most_o easy_o receive_v a_o impression_n because_o it_o be_v fluid_a proposition_n vii_o the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v twofold_a one_o continual_o from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n the_o other_o compose_v of_o two_o contrary_a motion_n which_o be_v term_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o which_o the_o sea_n at_o certain_a hour_n flow_v to_o the_o shore_n and_o in_o certain_a other_o flow_v back_o again_o we_o shall_v first_o treat_v of_o the_o first_o twofold_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n twofold_a that_o the_o sea_n move_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n continual_o be_v chief_o prove_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n between_o the_o tropic_n for_o because_o the_o motion_n be_v more_o strong_a hence_o it_o be_v less_o hinder_v by_o other_o motion_n this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v manifest_o find_v by_o those_o that_o sail_n from_o india_n to_o madagascar_n and_o africa_n also_o in_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n between_o new_a spain_n china_n and_o the_o moluccoe_n also_o in_o the_o ocean_n between_o africa_n and_o brasil_n so_o through_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n the_o sea_n be_v carry_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n with_o a_o vehement_a motion_n so_o through_o the_o streights_n manillan_n through_o channel_n between_o the_o isle_n maldives_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n carry_v ship_n from_o the_o east_n the_o sea_n glide_v impetuous_o between_o cuba_n and_o jucatan_n into_o the_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n and_o flow_v out_o into_o cuba_n and_o florida_n at_o the_o gulf_n of_o paria_fw-la there_o be_v a_o violent_a influx_n so_o that_o that_o gulf_n be_v term_v os_fw-la draconis_fw-la the_o dragon_n mouth_n famous_a also_o be_v the_o flux_n at_o the_o land_n of_o canada_n from_o the_o tartarian_a ocean_n the_o sea_n move_v through_o the_o strait_n of_o nova_n zembla_n and_o waigat_n strait_n which_o be_v prove_v both_o from_o the_o very_a motion_n itself_o and_o also_o from_o the_o abundance_n of_o ice_n which_o the_o tartarian_a ocean_n cast_v up_o at_o the_o strait_n of_o zembla_n and_o at_o the_o northern_a shore_n of_o america_n in_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n the_o motion_n be_v towards_o the_o straight_a anian_a also_o from_o japan_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v towards_o china_n so_o in_o the_o straight_a manillan_n the_o motion_n be_v from_o east_n to_o west_n so_o also_o in_o the_o straight_a java_n and_o when_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o coast_n of_o america_n the_o contrary_a be_v find_v in_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n for_o this_o be_v move_v from_o the_o shore_n which_o be_v the_o most_o conspicuous_a at_o cabo_n dez_fw-fr correntes_fw-la between_o panama_n and_o lima._n proposition_n viii_o the_o wind_n oftentimes_o change_v the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n especial_o those_o fix_a wind_n which_o we_o shall_v show_v to_o be_v term_v motion_n in_o the_o xxi_o chap._n wind_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n ofttimes_o change_v by_o the_o wind_n for_o because_o that_o most_o of_o these_o do_v blow_n from_o the_o south_n and_o north_n or_o from_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o these_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o sea_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o general_a motion_n tend_v towards_o the_o west_n it_o move_v towards_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o the_o west_n viz._n northwest_n or_o south-west_n yea_o the_o general_a wind_n when_o that_o it_o seldom_o blow_v from_o the_o east_n but_o most_o common_o from_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o the_o east_n change_v this_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n much_o more_o do_v the_o north_n wind_n in_o the_o northern_a sea_n where_o the_o general_a motion_n be_v little_a discernible_a in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n proposition_n ix_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n be_v uncertain_a west_n the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n and_o copernicus_n concern_v the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o east_n to_o west_n the_o aristotelian_o suppose_v although_o it_o be_v unknown_a unto_o aristotle_n and_o his_o follower_n and_o indeed_o to_o all_o the_o european_a philosopher_n before_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o portugal_n through_o the_o ocean_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n that_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o prime_a motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o be_v not_o only_o common_a to_o all_o the_o star_n but_o also_o to_o the_o air_n in_o part_n and_o to_o the_o ocean_n by_o which_o all_o be_v carry_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n but_o some_o that_o follow_v copernicus_n as_o kepler_n although_o they_o also_o acknowledge_v the_o moon_n also_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n yet_o they_o determine_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v unto_o this_o motion_n viz._n they_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o continuous_a but_o only_o contiguous_a unto_o the_o earth_n can_v follow_v the_o circumrotation_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o resist_v it_o towards_o the_o west_n whilst_o the_o earth_n withdraw_v itself_o towards_o the_o east_n and_o therefore_o that_o the_o sea_n move_v not_o from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o another_o but_o that_o the_o earth_n leave_v part_n of_o the_o water_n one_o after_o another_o othersome_a who_o be_v not_o please_v neither_o with_o the_o solution_n of_o aristotle_n nor_o copernicus_n have_v recourse_n unto_o the_o moon_n will_v have_v she_o to_o be_v empress_n of_o the_o water_n and_o that_o she_o lead_v about_o with_o she_o and_o draw_v the_o ocean_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n if_o it_o be_v demand_v how_o they_o reply_n there_o be_v a_o occult_a faculty_n influence_n sympathy_n vicinity_n to_o the_o earth_n and_o such_o like_a indeed_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o causer_n of_o this_o motion_n by_o reason_n that_o in_o the_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n this_o motion_n be_v more_o violent_a than_o in_o the_o quarter_n where_o the_o motion_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v very_o little_a the_o most_o acute_a cartesius_n have_v explain_v a_o mathematical_a mode_n by_o which_o the_o moon_n cause_v both_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n and_o air_n for_o he_o suppose_v according_a to_o his_o general_a hypothesis_n that_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o atom_n do_v move_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n by_o which_o the_o space_n even_o unto_o the_o moon_n be_v fill_v without_o any_o vacuum_n which_o space_n he_o call_v the_o vortex_n of_o the_o earth_n viz._n let_v the_o earth_n be_v fegh_n the_o water_n 2143_o the_o air_n 6587._o the_o vortex_n of_o the_o earth_n b_o a_o d_o c_o the_o moon_n b._n therefore_o say_v he_o if_o that_o there_o be_v no_o moon_n in_o the_o vortex_n b_o a_o d_o c_o the_o particle_n of_o its_o vortex_n will_v be_v turn_v round_o about_o the_o centre_n t_o but_o because_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o it_o therefore_o the_o space_n through_o which_o the_o celestial_a matter_n flow_v between_o b_o and_o t_o be_v render_v more_o angust_n and_o thence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o celestial_a matter_n flow_v there_o more_o quick_a between_o b_o and_o t_n and_o therefore_o more_o press_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o air_n in_o 6_o and_o also_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n in_o 2._o then_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v not_o in_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o vortex_n b_o d_o and_o see_v that_o both_o the_o body_n of_o the_o air_n and_o water_n be_v fluid_a and_o easy_o pliant_a to_o this_o pression_n it_o must_v not_o be_v so_o high_a above_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n f_o as_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v without_o the_o diameter_n b_o d._n and_o on_o the_o contrary_n must_v be_v more_o high_a towards_o e._n but_o whilst_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v from_o e_o through_o f_o towards_o g_z or_o from_o the_o
flux_n or_o deflux_n yea_o those_o term_n be_v not_o apt_a enough_o but_o it_o be_v better_a to_o call_v it_o a_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n so_o that_o by_o these_o peculiar_a appellation_n the_o quality_n of_o the_o flux_n or_o motion_n may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o motion_n or_o flux_n itself_o for_o the_o sea_n always_o flow_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n and_o only_o appear_v to_o re-flow_a by_o reason_n that_o when_o in_o one_o place_n there_o be_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n and_o that_o it_o flow_v with_o vehemency_n to_o a_o certain_a place_n afterward_o in_o another_o time_n this_o impetus_fw-la cease_v but_o it_o be_v therefore_o term_v a_o reflux_n because_o that_o the_o sea_n seem_v in_o bay_n and_o shore_n to_o draw_v near_o and_o depart_v according_a to_o the_o extension_n of_o bay_n and_o shore_n which_o happen_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o motion_n itself_o but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o coast_n and_o channel_n viz._n that_o the_o water_n do_v return_v back_o to_o a_o contrary_a quarter_n but_o that_o the_o sea_n fall_v down_o this_o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o coast_n but_o from_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o place_n itself_o neither_o ought_v or_o can_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v regard_v from_o the_o appulse_n to_o the_o shore_n for_o whatsoever_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v or_o unto_o what_o quarter_n soever_o it_o be_v make_v the_o flux_n be_v always_o towards_o the_o shore_n which_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o fluid_a nature_n of_o the_o water_n now_o see_v that_o both_o the_o flux_n or_o reflux_n or_o in_o the_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o same_o quarter_n viz._n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n and_o do_v not_o re-flow_a again_o be_v collect_v from_o hence_o first_o that_o in_o the_o ocean_n remove_v from_o the_o shore_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n no_o other_o motion_n be_v find_v than_o that_o by_o which_o it_o be_v carry_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n second_o in_o the_o strait_n which_o direct_o extend_v from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o in_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v join_v as_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n manillan_n java_n and_o other_o among_o the_o indian_a isle_n in_o these_o strait_n i_o say_v the_o sea_n indeed_o swell_v and_o fall_v in_o twelve_o hour_n but_o yet_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o detumescency_n do_v flow_v back_o from_o out_o the_o strait_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n therefore_o another_o orifice_n of_o the_o straight_a into_o the_o west_n which_o be_v a_o manifest_a sign_n that_o this_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n be_v not_o a_o peculiar_a motion_n but_o a_o modification_n of_o the_o general_a motion_n neither_o do_v the_o sea_n flow_v back_o into_o the_o east_n therefore_o scaliger_n and_o all_o other_o be_v deceive_v which_o here_o introduce_v a_o double_a motion_n replicate_v into_o itself_o but_o yet_o this_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o when_o we_o say_v that_o this_o motion_n be_v make_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n the_o cardinal_n quarter_n be_v not_o only_o understand_v but_o also_o those_o quarter_n that_o be_v collateral_a viz._n the_o sea_n be_v move_v also_o by_o this_o flux_n from_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o the_o east_n unto_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o the_o west_n yea_o unto_o the_o north_n and_o south_n but_o not_o by_o so_o forcible_a and_o valid_a motion_n proposition_n xi_o to_o declare_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n vulgar_o so_o term_v sea_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v almost_o no_o phaenomenon_n of_o nature_n that_o have_v more_o exercise_v the_o wit_n of_o learned_a man_n and_o philosopher_n and_o that_o have_v delude_v more_o endeavour_n some_o have_v make_v the_o sea_n and_o earth_n to_o be_v a_o animal_n which_o by_o its_o inspiration_n and_o expiration_n have_v cause_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n other_o make_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v a_o great_a vortex_n near_o to_o norway_n which_o for_o six_o hour_n suck_v up_o the_o water_n and_o for_o so_o many_o spu_v they_o out_o again_o scaliger_n and_o other_o suppose_v the_o coast_n especial_o those_o of_o america_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o repel_v the_o appulse_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o general_a motion_n but_o many_o when_o that_o they_o discover_v the_o connexion_n of_o this_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n determine_v that_o it_o only_o depend_v on_o that_o but_o how_o this_o shall_v be_v be_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a task_n to_o discover_v see_v that_o they_o reply_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o the_o moon_n do_v attract_v upward_o humour_n by_o a_o occult_a quality_n and_o sympathy_n but_o these_o be_v only_a word_n which_o signify_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o the_o effect_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o moon_n after_o some_o mode_n that_o we_o be_v ignorant_a of_o but_o this_o be_v the_o mode_n demand_v cartesius_n deduce_v it_o from_o his_o general_a hypothesis_n after_o this_o manner_n let_v the_o diagram_n of_o the_o nine_o proposition_n be_v take_v scheme_n see_v scheme_n in_o which_o let_v a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v that_o vortex_n which_o have_v the_o earth_n for_o its_o centre_n which_o with_o it_o and_o with_o the_o moon_n be_v carry_v in_o a_o great_a vortex_n about_o the_o sun_n m_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o vortex_n e_o f_o g_o h_o the_o earth_n 1234_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o which_o for_o the_o great_a perspicuity_n we_o do_v suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v encompass_v on_o every_o side_n and_o 5678_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o air_n encompass_v of_o the_o sea_n now_o if_o that_o there_o be_v no_o moon_n in_o this_o vortex_n the_o point_n t_o which_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n aught_o to_o be_v in_o the_o point_n m_o which_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o vortex_n but_o the_o moon_n be_v towards_o b_o this_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n t_o oughts_z to_o be_v between_o m_n and_o d_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o celestial_a matter_n of_o this_o vortex_n be_v somewhat_o more_o quick_a move_v than_o the_o moon_n or_o the_o earth_n which_o it_o carry_v with_o it_o except_o that_o the_o point_n t_n be_v a_o little_a more_o distant_a from_o b_o than_z from_z d_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o moon_n will_v hinder_v that_o that_o shall_v not_o so_o free_o flow_v between_o b_o and_o t_o so_o see_v that_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o this_o vortex_n be_v not_o determinate_v excâ—â—â—_n from_o the_o equality_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o celestial_a matter_n flow_v about_o it_o therefore_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o ought_v somewhat_o to_o approach_v towards_o d._n and_o after_o the_o same_o mode_n when_o the_o moon_n shall_v be_v in_o c_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n ought_v to_o be_v between_o m_n and_o a_o and_o so_o always_o the_o earth_n depart_v a_o little_a from_o the_o moon_n moreover_o because_o by_o this_o mean_n from_o this_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v towards_o b_o not_o only_o the_o space_n through_o which_o the_o celestial_a matter_n flow_v between_o b_o and_o t_o but_o also_o that_o space_n through_o which_o it_o flow_v between_o t_n and_o d_o be_v render_v more_o angust_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o this_o celestial_a matter_n there_o flow_v more_o swift_o and_o therefore_o do_v more_o press_v both_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o air_n in_o 6_o and_o 8_o and_o also_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n in_o 2_o and_o 4_o than_o if_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v not_o in_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o vortex_n b_o d_o now_o see_v that_o both_o the_o body_n of_o the_o air_n and_o water_n be_v fluid_a and_o easy_o obnoxious_a to_o this_o pression_n they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v so_o high_a above_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n f_o and_o h_n as_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v without_o this_o diameter_n b_o d_o and_o so_o also_o on_o the_o contrary_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v high_o towards_o g_o and_z e_z so_o that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n 1_o and_o 3_o and_o of_o the_o air_n 5_o and_o 7_o do_v there_o protuberate_v now_o because_o that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v now_o in_o f_o on_o the_o opposite_a quarter_n of_o the_o point_n b_o where_o the_o sea_n be_v very_o little_a high_a after_o six_o hour_n it_o will_v be_v in_o g_o on_o the_o opposite_a region_n of_o the_o point_n c_o where_o it_o be_v most_o high_a and_o after_o other_o six_o hour_n in_o h_n on_o the_o region_n of_o
which_o the_o moon_n will_v be_v vertical_a that_o day_n viz._n one_o after_o another_o 19_o see_v proposition_n 13._o in_o chap._n 19_o the_o use_n of_o this_o problem_n be_v great_a yea_o very_a necessary_a in_o the_o doctrine_n concern_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o mode_n of_o perform_v of_o the_o same_o you_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o nineteenth_o chapter_n and_o the_o thirteen_o proposition_n for_o there_o it_o be_v more_o convenient_o explain_v yet_o the_o explication_n of_o that_o proposition_n may_v be_v anticipate_v and_o demonstrate_v to_o the_o studious_a in_o this_o chapter_n proposition_n xvi_o in_o those_o place_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v vertical_a the_o flux_n and_o deflux_n be_v great_a except_o that_o there_o be_v other_o impediment_n which_o we_o have_v reckon_v up_o in_o the_o fourteen_o proposition_n and_o by_o how_o much_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o place_n by_o so_o much_o the_o flux_n and_o deflux_n be_v lesser_a other_o thing_n be_v equal_a for_o because_o in_o that_o place_n the_o pressure_n be_v great_a and_o the_o tumour_n of_o the_o water_n great_a which_o be_v more_o vicine_fw-la to_o the_o moon_n press_v and_o the_o celestial_a matter_n thence_o follow_v that_o that_o the_o proposition_n intimate_v the_o objection_n concern_v some_o other_o place_n in_o the_o comparison_n of_o which_o the_o contrary_a be_v find_v be_v to_o be_v excuse_v by_o the_o admixtion_n of_o other_o cause_n proposition_n xvii_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v unconstant_a in_o every_o place_n and_o divers_a on_o several_a day_n and_o by_o so_o much_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a by_o how_o much_o the_o moon_n be_v more_o remote_a or_o near_o unto_o that_o place_n ecliptic_a the_o moon_n every_o day_n change_v her_o place_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a for_o the_o moon_n every_o day_n change_v her_o place_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o so_o on_o other_o day_n be_v vertical_a to_o other_o place_n and_o by_o consequence_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o any_o place_n or_o more_o near_o which_o be_v observe_v we_o conclude_v from_o the_o precede_a proposition_n that_o there_o be_v a_o divers_a quantity_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o place_n on_o divers_a day_n whether_o that_o the_o diversity_n be_v sensible_a or_o insensible_a proposition_n xviii_o the_o great_a intumescency_n of_o water_n in_o any_o place_n and_o term_v of_o the_o flux_n aught_o to_o be_v when_o that_o the_o moon_n do_v occupy_v the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n but_o in_o many_o place_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o another_o situation_n of_o the_o moon_n for_o than_o be_v the_o moon_n most_o nigh_o to_o any_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n when_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n of_o that_o place_n because_o that_o the_o hypotenusa_fw-la of_o a_o right_a angle_a triangle_n be_v low_a than_o the_o cathetus_n whence_o it_o be_v infer_v by_o the_o xvi_o proposition_n that_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o the_o meridian_n 16._o see_v proposition_n 16._o there_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o great_a intumescency_n and_o altitude_n of_o water_n and_o immediate_o a_o decrease_n to_o succeed_v but_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o the_o low_a of_o the_o meridian_n than_o the_o narrow_a of_o the_o vortex_n of_o the_o earth_n opposite_a to_o it_o in_o the_o upper_a meridian_n and_o therefore_o do_v effect_v the_o same_o as_o if_o that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v present_a but_o here_o arise_v a_o great_a difficulty_n for_o there_o be_v many_o place_n and_o coast_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o we_o find_v that_o the_o term_n of_o the_o flux_n be_v not_o when_o that_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n as_o the_o philosopher_n hold_v before_o this_o age_n but_o soon_o or_o late_a viz._n when_o that_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o a_o certain_a quarter_n not_o cardinal_n and_o this_o quarter_n be_v not_o constant_o observe_v but_o in_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o great_a intumescency_n be_v and_o the_o begin_n of_o a_o detumescency_n before_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o this_o quarter_n or_o vertical_a circle_n so_o at_o london_n the_o water_n be_v at_o the_o high_a when_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o the_o quarter_n which_o be_v between_o the_o south_n and_o west_n or_o north_n and_o east_n that_o be_v to_o the_o south_n west_n or_o north_n east_n quarter_n at_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n in_o the_o port_n of_o the_o city_n maccau_n portugal_n the_o great_a flux_n at_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n observe_v by_o a_o portugal_n a_o certain_a portugal_n mariner_n observe_v the_o time_n of_o the_o great_a intumescency_n by_o this_o mode_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v 22_o degree_n 20_o minute_n in_o the_o year_n 1584._o on_o the_o 19_o of_o september_n the_o moon_n be_v at_o full_a than_o the_o intumescency_n or_o altitude_n of_o the_o high_a water_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o morning_n at_o ½_n or_o ¼_n of_o a_o hour_n past_o 8._o therefore_o then_o the_o moon_n be_v remove_v from_o the_o meridian_n 3_o ¼_n hour_n whence_o the_o quarter_n or_o vertical_a circle_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n at_o that_o moment_n of_o time_n be_v be_v find_v according_a to_o the_o problem_n of_o the_o 30_o chapter_n anno_fw-la 1585._o on_o the_o 16_o of_o february_n in_o the_o full_a moon_n the_o great_a height_n of_o water_n be_v observe_v at_o half_a a_o hour_n past_o a_o eleven_o a_o clock_n at_o noon_n place_n certain_a observation_n take_v by_o a_o dutch_a mariner_n of_o the_o flux_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o many_o place_n a_o certain_a dutch_a mariner_n on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n note_v the_o hour_n of_o divers_a place_n for_o the_o term_n or_o intumescency_n of_o the_o flux_n from_o which_o i_o have_v extract_v these_o at_o the_o twelve_o hour_n on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o flanders_n at_o enchusen_n in_o holland_n at_o horn_n at_o embden_n in_o east_n freezland_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o elve_n at_o eider_n at_o the_o isle_n of_o jutland_n and_o at_o dover_n at_o england_n at_o 45_o minute_n past_o 12_o at_o flushing_n in_o zealand_n half_o a_o hour_n after_o one_o a_o clock_n at_o the_o occidental_a coast_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n at_o calis_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n at_o the_o shore_n of_o zealand_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o scald_v in_o mosa_n and_o at_o gore_v a_o quarter_n after_o two_o before_o the_o mouth_n of_o scald_v and_o the_o mouth_n of_o mosa_n at_o three_o a_o clock_n at_o amsterdam_n rotterdam_n dort_n in_o holland_n at_o newcastle_n in_o england_n at_o arment_n in_o flanders_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n of_o bordeaux_n in_o the_o south_n coast_n of_o britain_n gallocia_n gascoyn_n biscay_n portugal_n and_o spain_n and_o on_o the_o western_a coast_n of_o ireland_n even_o to_o hitland_n a_o quarter_n after_o four_o in_o the_o evening_n at_o rouen_n in_o france_n between_o mosa_n and_o rochel_n in_o the_o river_n of_o bordeaux_n in_o the_o bay_n of_o the_o spanish_a portugal_n and_o gallecian_a coast_n in_o the_o south_n coast_n of_o britain_n in_o france_n gascoyn_n and_o on_o the_o western_a coast_n of_o ireland_n half_n a_o hour_n past_o four_o from_o the_o texel_n at_o the_o south_n coast_n of_o ireland_n a_o quarter_n past_o five_o in_o all_o the_o port_n of_o the_o southern_a coast_n of_o ireland_n at_o plymouth_n in_o england_n and_o other_o southern_a place_n of_o it_o even_o to_o the_o coast_n of_o wales_n at_o six_o in_o the_o evening_n and_o morning_n before_o hamburgh_n in_o the_o elbe_n before_o bremen_n the_o texel_n antwerp_n in_o the_o channel_n between_o england_n and_o brabant_n without_o sorlis_n a_o quarter_n before_o seven_o in_o the_o evening_n between_o fawick_n and_o vaelmuya_n in_o the_o channel_n even_o to_o bristol_n before_o st._n nicholas_n and_o podessembe_n even_o to_o waymouth_n and_o hartepole_n at_o half_a a_o hour_n past_o seven_o in_o the_o haven_n at_o the_o texel_n at_o kilduyna_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n nigh_o plymouth_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n even_o to_o the_o promontory_n of_o the_o lizard_n a_o quarter_n past_o eight_o in_o the_o evening_n nigh_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n in_o the_o channel_n even_o to_o bevesier_n without_o the_o fly_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o holland_n at_o nine_o before_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n ems_n in_o freezland_n before_o the_o fly_n before_o the_o coast_n of_o freezland_n at_o the_o eastern_a coast_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n at_o half_a a_o hour_n past_o ten_o before_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n thames_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o normandy_n and_o picardy_n and_o at_o a_o quarter_n
touch_v on_o it_o because_o that_o no_o geographer_n have_v hitherto_o make_v mention_n of_o it_o as_o also_o of_o the_o river_n jeniscea_n and_o yrtiis_fw-la orellana_n the_o river_n orellana_n 7._o orellana_n in_o america_n so_o call_v from_o francis_n orelli_n be_v account_v among_o the_o great_a river_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v fountain_n be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o peru_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quito_n in_o the_o south_n latitude_n of_o 72_o degree_n but_o this_o be_v not_o altogether_o certain_a its_o mouth_n be_v fifteen_o mile_n in_o latitude_n two_o degree_n southerly_a it_o be_v tract_n be_v say_v to_o be_v 1500_o spanish_a mile_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o great_a number_n of_o bend_n when_o that_o in_o truth_n it_o extend_v not_o 700._o other_o confound_v with_o it_o or_o make_v the_o river_n maragnon_n to_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o it_o it_o be_v in_o some_o place_n four_o or_o five_o league_n broad_a but_o it_o receive_v not_o its_o water_n so_o much_o from_o a_o spring_n as_o from_o rains_n fall_v on_o the_o mountainous_a part_n of_o peru_n so_o that_o in_o the_o dry_a mouth_n of_o those_o mountain_n it_o carry_v little_a water_n and_o indeed_o the_o modern_n do_v much_o detract_v from_o its_o magnitude_n plata_fw-la rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la 8._o rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la in_o brasilia_n its_o fountain_n be_v in_o the_o mountain_n of_o peru_n its_o mouth_n be_v in_o the_o south_n latitude_n of_o 37_o degree_n and_o that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v about_o twenty_o mile_n but_o when_o it_o overflow_v it_o have_v many_o outlet_n which_o some_o account_n for_o one_o at_o that_o time_n it_o carry_v not_o much_o water_n the_o native_n call_v it_o paramaguasu_n that_o be_v a_o water_n like_o the_o sea_n as_o some_o observe_v omaranna_n the_o river_n omaranna_n 9_o omaranna_n also_o a_o river_n in_o brasilia_n flow_v from_o the_o mountain_n of_o peru_n in_o a_o long_a tract_n these_o three_o great_a river_n in_o brasilia_n viz._n orellana_n rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la and_o omoranna_n meet_v somewhere_o in_o some_o lake_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n of_o brasilia_n and_o emorge_v again_o be_v disjoin_v canada_n the_o river_n canada_n 10._o and_o last_o canada_n or_o st._n laurence_n in_o america_n septentrionalis_n its_o spring_n be_v in_o the_o lake_n call_v des_fw-fr iroquis_fw-la it_o be_v large_a mouth_n be_v in_o the_o 50th_o degree_n of_o north_n latitude_n and_o its_o tract_n be_v no_o lesser_a than_o 600_o german_a mile_n proposition_n xxviii_o whirlpool_n be_v find_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o some_o river_n so_o in_o the_o river_n sommona_n between_o amiens_n and_o abbeville_n in_o picardy_n in_o france_n be_v a_o secret_a whirlpool_n into_o which_o the_o water_n rush_v with_o such_o violence_n that_o their_o sound_n may_v be_v hear_v for_o some_o mile_n proposition_n xxix_o riverwater_n be_v more_o light_a than_o sea-water_n riverwater_n sea-water_n more_o heavy_a than_o riverwater_n the_o cause_n be_v easy_o know_v to_o wit_n sea-water_n carry_v much_o salt_n in_o it_o thence_o it_o happen_v that_o many_o thing_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n in_o rivers_n which_o float_v on_o the_o sea_n which_o frequent_o be_v see_v in_o ship_n heavy_a lade_v that_o be_v raise_v up_o in_o the_o sea_n high_o than_o when_o in_o rivers_n now_o various_a be_v the_o proportion_n betwixt_o these_o water_n because_o that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v not_o every_o where_n of_o the_o same_o gravity_n nor_o the_o water_n of_o divers_a river_n but_o yet_o the_o proportion_n be_v about_o 46_o to_o 45_o so_o that_o 46_o ounce_n of_o riverwater_n do_v equal_o ponderate_v 45_o of_o sea-water_n chap._n xvii_o of_o mineral_n water_n bath_n and_o spaw_n because_o that_o there_o be_v many_o kind_n of_o liquid_a body_n or_o water_n the_o peculiar_a property_n of_o which_o man_n do_v admire_v at_o therefore_o geographer_n be_v wont_a to_o treat_v of_o they_o but_o all_o of_o they_o hitherto_o except_o a_o bare_a recital_n of_o their_o name_n and_o a_o reckon_n up_o of_o some_o wonderful_a fountain_n or_o spring_n have_v add_v nothing_o to_o solid_a knowledge_n but_o we_o shall_v treat_v more_o clear_o of_o they_o and_o that_o with_o a_o declaration_n of_o their_o cause_n proposition_n i._n no_o water_n be_v pure_a and_o elementary_a but_o contain_v or_o have_v admix_v particle_n such_o as_o be_v find_v in_o terrestrial_a body_n these_o particle_n be_v not_o only_a earth_n but_o also_o they_o be_v various_a as_o oil_n spirit_n and_o the_o like_a that_o be_v term_v mineral-water_n which_o contain_v so_o many_o or_o such_o particle_n of_o a_o different_a nature_n from_o the_o water_n so_o that_o from_o they_o it_o gain_v or_o have_v notable_a quality_n which_o we_o discover_v by_o sense_n or_o the_o property_n be_v notable_a by_o sense_n particle_n no_o water_n be_v pure_a but_o have_v admix_v particle_n the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a by_o experience_n and_o be_v prove_v both_o from_o the_o difference_n of_o taste_n and_o from_o distillation_n and_o all_o naturalist_n agree_v that_o simple_a or_o pure_a water_n as_o the_o other_o element_n separate_v from_o other_o do_v not_o exist_v in_o nature_n the_o cause_n be_v the_o various_a and_o perpetual_a agitation_n of_o the_o particle_n but_o in_o water_n that_o i_o may_v say_v somewhat_o in_o particular_a concern_v our_o matter_n in_o hand_n by_o the_o cause_n of_o admixtion_n of_o heterogeneous_a they_o receive_v spiritual_a particle_n the_o rain_n and_o the_o air_n itself_o touch_v the_o water_n consist_v of_o divers_a particle_n therefore_o all_o water_n have_v admix_v particle_n of_o another_o nature_n but_o there_o be_v not_o the_o like_a quantity_n in_o all_o of_o they_o into_o the_o rhine_n indeed_o the_o danube_n and_o albis_n and_o into_o all_o great_a river_n other_o riveret_n do_v flow_v in_o impregnate_v with_o innumerable_a particle_n and_o in_o such_o quantity_n that_o they_o be_v evident_a to_o the_o sense_n but_o because_o beside_o these_o many_o other_o riveret_n do_v flow_v into_o they_o not_o impregnate_v with_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o heterogeneous_a particle_n as_o be_v discoverable_a to_o the_o eye_n and_o because_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o water_n that_o they_o carry_v consist_v of_o rain_n and_o air_n therefore_o also_o in_o these_o great_a river_n those_o heterogeneous_a particle_n be_v not_o easy_o discover_v but_o must_v be_v separate_v from_o they_o by_o art_n if_o that_o any_o one_o will_v have_v they_o discover_v to_o the_o sense_n but_o we_o shall_v especial_o call_v they_o mineral_n water_n which_o have_v some_o notable_a property_n beyond_o the_o common_a water_n that_o be_v that_o contain_v such_o a_o admixture_n of_o heterogeous_a particle_n that_o thence_o possess_v a_o notable_a and_o sensible_a quality_n proposition_n ii_o mineral_n water_n be_v of_o three_o kind_n water_n of_o mineral_n water_n some_o be_v corporeal_a we_o want_v a_o apt_a word_n other_o spiritual_n otheâ—s_v both_o corporeal_a and_o spiritual_a i_o term_v those_o corporeal_a mineral_n water_n which_o contain_v solid_a and_o fix_a particle_n of_o mineral_n so_o that_o these_o may_v be_v discover_v and_o separate_v by_o the_o sight_n these_o corporeal_a body_n be_v twofold_a some_o carry_v those_o particle_n of_o mineral_n of_o a_o very_a great_a magnitude_n that_o without_o any_o trouble_n or_o very_o little_a at_o the_o least_o they_o may_v be_v behold_v in_o the_o water_n and_o to_o speak_v proper_o they_o be_v not_o commix_v water_n such_o be_v those_o of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n because_o that_o the_o grain_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o the_o like_a be_v contain_v in_o their_o water_n therefore_o they_o be_v term_v gold_n and_o silver-bearing_a river_n but_o these_o water_n in_o property_n of_o speech_n be_v not_o to_o be_v term_v mineral_n because_o that_o they_o have_v not_o these_o particle_n commix_v with_o they_o but_o free_a neither_o do_v they_o receive_v any_o property_n or_o quality_n from_o they_o yet_o because_o that_o man_n also_o admire_v such_o river_n and_o the_o explication_n of_o they_o have_v great_a affinity_n with_o the_o enodation_n of_o mineral_n water_n proper_o so_o term_v therefore_o i_o comprehend_v they_o under_o the_o general_a appellation_n of_o mineral_n water_n bituminous_a fountain_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v reduce_v under_o this_o classis_fw-la water_n corporeal_a mineral_n water_n but_o those_o be_v term_v more_o proper_o corporeal_a mineral_n water_n which_o contain_v indeed_o solid_a particle_n of_o mineral_n but_o so_o little_a small_a and_o altogether_o commix_v that_o they_o be_v not_o present_o discover_v by_o the_o sight_n but_o either_o by_o art_n or_o a_o long_a tract_n of_o time_n subside_v and_o concrease_v and_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o sensible_a quantity_n as_o be_v saâ—â—_n spring_n sulphureous_a fountain_n and_o such_o
participation_n of_o mineral_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o vitriol_n sulphureous_a and_o mercurial_a water_n and_o the_o like_a and_o more_o especial_o to_o these_o to_o wit_n to_o salt_n vitriolate_v and_o sulphureous_a because_o in_o these_o nature_n itself_o do_v exhibit_v this_o fourfold_a variety_n i_o doubt_v whether_o that_o corporeal_a water_n of_o a_o mix_a subtlety_n do_v exist_v spirituous_a metallick_n water_n be_v very_o rare_a but_o sulphureous_a and_o salt_n water_n be_v frequent_a but_o the_o corporeal_a and_o spirituous_a because_o these_o sort_n of_o metal_n be_v both_o find_v in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o in_o a_o great_a quantity_n and_o easy_o suffer_v their_o particle_n to_o be_v gnaw_v off_o they_o send_v out_o also_o frequent_o a_o fume_n and_o vapour_n we_o will_v explain_v by_o one_o example_n this_o fourfold_a variety_n of_o participation_n and_o that_o in_o gold_n 1._o in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n and_o the_o sixteenth_o proposition_n we_o have_v enumerate_v those_o riveret_n which_o carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n and_o with_o this_o treasury_n make_v glad_a the_o native_n such_o be_v many_o in_o the_o earldom_n of_o tirol_n and_o the_o place_n adjacent_a and_o we_o have_v say_v that_o the_o rhine_n itself_o albis_n danube_n and_o most_o great_a river_n in_o some_o place_n carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n as_o also_o of_o other_o metal_n and_o mineral_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o receive_v golden_a or_o gold-bearing_a riveret_n the_o rhine_n carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n commix_v with_o clay_n and_o sand_n in_o many_o place_n but_o especial_o at_o these_o 1._o near_a curia_n in_o rhetia_n 2._o at_o meinfield_n 3._o at_o eglinsan_n 4._o at._n secningham_n 5._o at_o the_o town_n aug_v not_o far_o from_o basil_n 6._o at_o norinburgh_n 7._o at_o worm_n 8._o at_o seltz_n 9_o at_o mentz_n 10._o at_o bacherack_n 11._o at_o bononia_n and_o the_o like_a the_o reader_n may_v see_v those_o gold-bearing_a riveret_n which_o the_o rhine_n receive_v in_o thurnhuserus_n as_o also_o those_o that_o the_o danube_n and_o albis_n do_v receive_v in_o the_o water_n of_o this_o viz._n the_o albis_n be_v find_v grain_n of_o gold_n 1._o at_o leutmeritz_n in_o bohemia_n 2._o at_o puru_n 3._o at_o dresda_n in_o misnia_n 4._o at_o torga_n 5._o at_o magdeburgh_n 6._o at_o the_o tower_n of_o lunenburgh_n fifteen_o mile_n from_o hamburgh_n concern_v the_o gold-bearing_a riveret_n consult_v the_o forecited_a book_n of_o thurnhuserus_n where_o also_o you_o may_v see_v those_o that_o carry_v other_o metal_n and_o mineral_n these_o water_n be_v therefore_o the_o corporeal_a golden-water_n of_o the_o first_o mode_n viz._n those_o that_o carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n which_o less_o proper_o be_v term_v mineral_n or_o golden_a because_o the_o golden-grain_n be_v not_o permix_v with_o the_o water_n but_o be_v carry_v down_o by_o the_o rapid_a current_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o water_n themselves_o be_v simple_a or_o uncompounded_a 2._o golden_a corporeal-water_n of_o a_o subtle_a commixtion_n to_o wit_n the_o atom_n of_o who_o water_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o atom_n of_o the_o gold_n as_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o aqua_fw-la regius_fw-la of_o the_o chemist_n which_o dissolve_v the_o gold_n and_o unit_v it_o to_o itself_o by_o atom_n and_o now_o because_o there_o may_v be_v like_o water_n which_o whether_o they_o be_v carry_v through_o golden-land_n or_o mine_n may_v gnaw_v off_o and_o dissolve_v some_o golden-atom_n of_o it_o with_o earthly_a one_o such_o golden-water_n many_o riveret_n seem_v to_o be_v which_o thurnhuserus_n write_v to_o participate_v of_o gold_n and_o reckon_v they_o up_o in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o danube_n rhine_n and_o other_o great_a river_n 3._o the_o golden_a spirituous-water_n be_v very_o few_o and_o some_o of_o those_o be_v they_o peradventure_o which_o thurnhuserus_n enumerate_v now_o such_o water_n be_v less_o note_v or_o sensible_a because_o golden-earth_n and_o mine_n be_v very_o rare_a and_o that_o in_o a_o small_a quantity_n moreover_o where_o the_o mine_n be_v a_o quantity_n of_o other_o mineral_n be_v also_o together_o with_o the_o gold_n whence_o the_o water_n receive_v many_o more_o spirit_n yet_o some_o riveret_n in_o the_o high_a alps_n of_o bohemia_n be_v say_v to_o participate_v of_o these_o golden-spirit_n also_o in_o silesia_n and_o the_o mountain_n that_o they_o call_v fitchtelberg_n the_o pepper-bath_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o curia_n be_v believe_v to_o be_v impregnate_v with_o such_o a_o spirit_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o admixture_n of_o other_o mineral_n in_o great_a quantity_n the_o water_n receive_v a_o less_o sensible_a quality_n from_o it_o 4._o golden-water_n which_o carry_v both_o atom_n of_o gold_n and_o spirit_n be_v some_o of_o the_o riveret_n mention_v by_o thurnhuserus_n we_o will_v add_v the_o example_n of_o salt-water_n salt-water_n example_n of_o salt-water_n 1._o salt_n corporeal-water_n viz._n which_o carry_v the_o more_o gross_a particle_n of_o salt_n and_o not_o accurate_o mix_v they_o be_v many_o and_o sufficient_o know_v to_o any_o person_n as_o certain_a spring_n of_o which_o salt_n be_v make_v hitherto_o appertain_v the_o sea-water_n if_o that_o it_o be_v make_v more_o gross_a by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n 2._o salt_n corporeal_a subtile-water_n which_o contain_v the_o salt_n reduce_v into_o little_a particle_n they_o be_v those_o which_o when_o they_o be_v most_o salt_n yet_o withal_o they_o be_v very_o pellucid_a and_o subtle_a as_o many_o salt_n spring_n and_o tenuous_a sea-water_n although_o that_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o this_o subtle_a commixtion_n hitherto_o appertain_v the_o urinal_n of_o all_o animal_n 3._o salt_n spirituous-water_n which_o contain_v not_o the_o particle_n of_o salt_n but_o the_o spirit_n of_o salt_n they_o be_v such_o that_o if_o you_o shall_v boil_v many_o vessel_n of_o they_o yet_o notwithstanding_o you_o shall_v receive_v no_o salt_n not_o a_o few_o of_o these_o be_v in_o germany_n and_o elsewhere_o but_o they_o be_v rare_o find_v simple_a 4._o salt_n corporeal_a and_o spirituous-water_n which_o have_v particle_n of_o salt_n and_o spirit_n almost_o all_o the_o corporeal_a have_v also_o some_o portion_n of_o saline_n spirit_n but_o most_o of_o they_o very_o little_a so_o near_o the_o city_n saltzinga_n not_o far_o from_o the_o rhine_n the_o fountain_n be_v salt_n the_o water_n of_o which_o though_o more_o salt_n than_o other_o water_n yet_o it_o afford_v less_o salt_n because_o its_o sharp_a and_o salt_n sapour_fw-la be_v sharpen_v by_o a_o spirit_n or_o volatile_a salt_n that_o fly_v away_o in_o the_o boil_a hence_o it_o be_v manifest_v how_o this_o fourfold_a difference_n of_o participation_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v unto_o every_o sort_n of_o mineral_n water_n viz._n vitriolate-water_n alom-water_n lead-water_n and_o the_o like_a proposition_n v._o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o note_a difference_n of_o mineral_n water_n water_n the_o note_a difference_n of_o mineral_n water_n in_o the_o forego_n proposition_n we_o have_v explain_v the_o true_a kind_n and_o difference_n of_o mineral_n water_n take_v from_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o they_o viz._n from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o mineral_n which_o they_o carry_v or_o by_o which_o they_o be_v impregnate_v but_o those_o difference_n because_o they_o do_v not_o so_o strike_v the_o sense_n and_o moreover_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a mixture_n of_o mineral_n communicate_v various_a property_n to_o the_o water_n wherefore_o they_o be_v less_o vulgar_o know_v for_o the_o denomination_n of_o all_o body_n arise_v from_o manifest_a quality_n on_o the_o sense_n as_o also_o do_v the_o celebrity_n of_o water_n among_o man_n the_o explication_n and_o cause_n of_o which_o apart_a quality_n and_o property_n must_v be_v seek_v from_o the_o inmost_a composition_n of_o thing_n therefore_o the_o note_a and_o famous_a difference_n or_o species_n of_o liquor_n flow_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o know_v to_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n of_o man_n be_v these_o ten_o to_o wit_n 1._o sowr-water_n 2._o bitter_a 3._o hot_a 4._o very_a cold_a 5._o oily_a and_o fat_a 6._o poisonous_a 7._o colour_a 8._o ebullient_a 9_o water_n that_o convert_v less_o hard_a into_o hard_a or_o after_o any_o other_o mode_n change_v any_o body_n cast_v in_o or_o stain_v with_o they_o 10._o salt-water_n and_o in_o the_o 11_o place_n we_o may_v add_v those_o which_o be_v endow_v with_o any_o other_o wonderful_a property_n unto_o these_o class_n those_o that_o be_v studious_a in_o these_o thing_n may_v reduce_v all_o water_n which_o be_v find_v describe_v in_o author_n we_o shall_v only_o in_o brief_a show_v their_o generation_n and_o difference_n and_o allege_v some_o example_n proposition_n vi_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n or_o generation_n difference_n or_o kind_n of_o acid_n or_o sour_a water_n water_n of_o sour_a water_n great_a be_v the_o celebrity_n of_o acid_n water_n or_o spring_n they_o
water_n on_o which_o drop_v of_o oil_n do_v flow_v in_o scotland_n two_o mile_n from_o edinburgh_n a_o fountain_n flow_v on_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o which_o drop_v of_o black_a oil_n do_v swim_v the_o inhabitant_n use_v it_o to_o mollify_v the_o skin_n and_o to_o take_v away_o scab_n so_o the_o river_n cilicia_n term_v liparis_n be_v famous_a among_o the_o ancient_n in_o which_o those_o that_o wash_v themselves_o be_v anoint_a by_o the_o water_n whether_o it_o be_v so_o at_o this_o day_n i_o much_o doubt_n so_o likewise_o there_o be_v a_o lake_n in_o aethiopia_n which_o anoint_v those_o that_o swim_v it_o also_o there_o be_v a_o fountain_n in_o india_n which_o on_o a_o clear_a day_n send_v forth_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o oil_n in_o zant_n and_o about_o dyrrachium_fw-la and_o appallonia_n as_o vitruvius_n write_v there_o be_v fountain_n which_o vomit_v out_o abundance_n of_o pitch_n with_o water_n there_o be_v a_o lake_n in_o babylon_n of_o great_a magnitude_n call_v limb_n asphaltis_n it_o have_v liquid_a bitumen_n swim_v upon_o it_o with_o which_o the_o black_a semiramis_n encompass_v babylon_n with_o a_o wall_n at_o this_o day_n also_o at_o monasterium_fw-la in_o bavaria_n be_v the_o fountain_n degemsce_fw-mi on_o the_o top_n of_o which_o oil_n swim_v and_o be_v daily_o take_v off_o the_o acid_n water_n of_o schwalback_n if_o they_o be_v take_v in_o a_o vessel_n and_o have_v be_v settle_v for_o some_o day_n small_a drop_n of_o oil_n swim_v on_o the_o top_n of_o they_o there_o be_v a_o great_a quantity_n in_o the_o fountain_n term_v oelbrum_n not_o far_o from_o hagenaw_n at_o the_o village_n lamperscholch_n also_o in_o the_o many_o bath_n be_v find_v bituminous_a particle_n if_o so_o be_v that_o they_o stand_v quiet_a for_o some_o day_n as_o in_o the_o bath_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n term_v the_o bath_n of_o petrolei_n now_o the_o fountain_n that_o send_v out_o not_o a_o oil_n swim_v on_o the_o water_n but_o a_o mere_a fat_a or_o bituminous_a liquor_n be_v also_o many_o near_a gersbachium_n in_o the_o valley_n call_v lebersthal_n from_o a_o antiquate_a and_o exhaust_v i_o oil_n or_o bitumen_n flow_v with_o which_o the_o country_n swain_n besmear_v their_o cart-wheel_n neither_o do_v the_o inhabitant_n know_v its_o excellency_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o sumatra_n be_v a_o spring_n from_o which_o naptha_n like_v unto_o oil_n flow_v other_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o balsam_n they_o report_v fountain_n of_o amber_n to_o be_v there_o likewise_o in_o peru_n near_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o bituminous_a fountain_n send_v forth_o a_o branch_n or_o riveret_n into_o the_o sea_n the_o native_n use_v it_o instead_o of_o pitch_n neither_o do_v they_o use_v any_o other_o matter_n in_o persia_n not_o far_o from_o schimachia_n at_o or_o near_o the_o high_a mountain_n barmach_n in_o a_o valley_n be_v about_o thirty_o fountain_n of_o bitumen_n or_o naptha_n but_o run_v in_o deep_a well_n with_o a_o great_a force_n the_o depth_n be_v about_o two_o ell_n wooden_a step_n be_v make_v for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o descent_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o sulphureous_a and_o strong_a spirit_n it_o be_v of_o a_o twofold_a colour_n in_o some_o red_a in_o other_o white_z the_o cause_n of_o these_o bituminous_a fountain_n be_v a_o sulphureous_a and_o bituminous_a matter_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n thrust_v forth_o by_o a_o heat_n and_o spirit_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o difference_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v from_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o fat_a matter_n themselves_o as_o succinum_fw-la amber_n oil_n of_o petrolei_n pitch_n naptha_n and_o the_o like_a proposition_n x._o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o bitter_a water_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v find_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o bitter_a water_n and_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v find_v many_o fountain_n and_o well_n in_o the_o region_n of_o india_n on_o the_o choromandel_n have_v bitter_a water_n although_o that_o they_o ebulliate_v in_o and_o flow_v from_o rock_n in_o pontus_n a_o region_n of_o asia_n minor_a a_o little_a river_n term_v exampeus_n at_o the_o town_n callipadus_n be_v very_o bitter_a it_o render_v the_o river_n hypanis_n into_o which_o it_o flow_v also_o very_o bitter_a they_o arise_v from_o impure_a sulphur_n bitumen_n nitre_n ink_n copper_n as_o water_v leave_v a_o long_a time_n in_o a_o copper_n vessel_n acquire_v a_o bitter_a taste_n the_o lake_n asphaltites_n in_o palestine_n which_o be_v call_v mare_n mortuum_n or_o the_o dead_a sea_n have_v a_o bitter_a water_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o impure_a bitumen_n whence_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o fat_a water_n of_o the_o former_a proposition_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o stink_a scent_n and_o vapour_n all_o thing_n without_o life_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o it_o suffer_v not_o any_o animal_n to_o sink_v neither_o do_v it_o grow_v sweet_a although_o that_o it_o continual_o swallow_v up_o the_o river_n jordan_n it_o be_v venomous_a by_o reason_n that_o it_o contain_v arsenic_n proposition_n xi_o the_fw-mi explain_v the_o cause_n of_o very_o cold_a spring_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o they_o be_v find_v spring_n the_o cause_n of_o cold_a spring_n in_o the_o province_n of_o dauphin_n in_o france_n not_o far_o from_o vienna_n be_v a_o fountain_n of_o so_o great_a cold_a that_o the_o mouth_n of_o those_o that_o drink_v it_o be_v swell_v with_o it_o neither_o can_v they_o endure_v their_o hand_n in_o it_o it_o be_v not_o diminish_v for_o the_o water_n that_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o it_o nor_o augment_v by_o the_o water_n pour_v into_o it_o in_o arabia_n or_o aethiopia_n be_v most_o cold_a spring_n although_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v most_o excessive_a there_o in_o stiria_n not_o far_o from_o gretz_n be_v fountain_n so_o cold_a at_o the_o bottom_n that_o none_o can_v drink_v any_o water_n run_v or_o draw_v from_o thence_o in_o a_o mile_n from_o calma_n a_o spring_n send_v forth_o water_n as_o it_o be_v boil_v with_o a_o great_a wind_n when_o yet_o it_o be_v very_o cold_a hence_o they_o call_v it_o the_o mad_a water_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o coldness_n of_o these_o fountain_n be_v 1._o the_o admixture_n of_o nitre_n and_o alom_n also_o of_o mercury_n iron_n and_o the_o like_a 2._o the_o depth_n of_o the_o spring_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o solary_a beam_n and_o of_o the_o sulphureous_a subterraneous_a heat_n there_o be_v also_o some_o spring_n which_o be_v sometime_o cold_a and_o sometime_o hot_a in_o gatalonia_n the_o lake_n and_o fountain_n salsula_n in_o the_o winter_n be_v hot_a and_o in_o the_o summer_n very_o cold_a this_o be_v common_a to_o it_o with_o many_o other_o i_o think_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v that_o in_o the_o summer_n the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v open_a through_o which_o the_o hot_a spirit_n break_v forth_o in_o the_o winter_n they_o be_v close_v whence_o within_o there_o be_v hot_a furnace_n that_o heat_v the_o water_n so_o some_o fountain_n be_v more_o hot_a in_o the_o night_n than_o in_o the_o day_n proposition_n xii_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o those_o water_n which_o seem_v to_o change_v body_n into_o another_o kind_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o they_o be_v find_v there_o be_v some_o water_n which_o change_v wood_n into_o the_o hard_a stone_n in_o ireland_n etc._n of_o the_o generation_n of_o water_n which_o change_v body_n into_o another_o kind_n etc._n etc._n above_o the_o city_n armagh_n in_o a_o pool_n not_o very_o large_a a_o stake_n of_o wood_n if_o it_o be_v fix_v for_o some_o month_n the_o part_n that_o stick_v in_o the_o mud_n will_v be_v iron_n the_o part_n which_o be_v touch_v with_o the_o water_n be_v turn_v into_o stone_n and_o the_o rest_n remain_v wood_n so_o giraldus_n and_o maginus_fw-la relate_fw-la but_o brietius_n say_v i_o know_v not_o by_o what_o authority_n that_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a fable_n the_o water_n of_o loches_n in_o blois_n a_o province_n in_o france_n turn_v all_o thing_n put_v into_o it_o into_o stone_n at_o the_o city_n senon_n in_o burgundia_n near_o a_o lake_n a_o spring_n flow_v which_o harden_v into_o stone_n vitruvius_n say_v that_o in_o cappadocia_n between_o mazaca_n and_o tuana_n be_v a_o large_a lake_n which_o change_v a_o reed_n or_o wood_n put_v into_o it_o in_o one_o day_n into_o stone_n in_o bohemia_n near_o the_o bath_n of_o charles_n be_v a_o fountain_n in_o which_o wood_n lie_v long_o be_v change_v into_o stone_n other_o water_n be_v think_v to_o change_v iron_n into_o copper_n which_o yet_o real_o they_o do_v not_o but_o by_o reason_n that_o water_n themselves_o carry_v particle_n and_o spirit_n of_o copper_n
strait_n 4._o river_n 5._o lake_n 6._o pool_n and_o 7._o marsh_n 1._o marsh_n may_v be_v exsiccate_v or_o drain_v either_o by_o subduction_n of_o the_o water_n or_o by_o exsiccation_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o none_o can_v doubt_v for_o in_o many_o region_n the_o soil_n be_v fruitful_a where_o there_o be_v marsh_n some_o year_n since_o as_o in_o westphalia_n gelderland_n brabant_n holland_n muscovia_n 2._o the_o same_o be_v the_o account_n of_o pool_n see_v that_o they_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o marsh_n proposition_n v._o rivers_n leave_v their_o channel_n or_o shoar_n that_o be_v part_n of_o their_o channel_n and_o afford_v new_a land_n land_n river_n quit_v their_o shoar_n and_o afford_v new_a land_n 1._o if_o that_o they_o carry_v much_o terrestrial_a matter_n sand_n or_o gravel_n with_o they_o which_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n in_o progress_n of_o they_o time_n so_o augment_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o channel_n that_o it_o be_v no_o more_o depress_v than_o that_o place_n from_o whence_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o vicine_fw-la earth_n but_o if_o that_o that_o matter_n sink_v into_o one_o place_n in_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n it_o will_v separate_v one_o part_n which_o then_o at_o length_n will_v be_v dry_v up_o 2._o if_o that_o the_o river_n take_v another_o channel_n whether_o it_o be_v do_v by_o art_n or_o nature_n and_o a_o violent_a cause_n as_o by_o wind_n inundation_n or_o the_o like_a 3._o if_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o river_n be_v obstruct_v or_o cease_v to_o send_v forth_o water_n the_o earth_n be_v fall_v in_o or_o condensated_a or_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o sand_n be_v drive_v by_o the_o wind_n into_o the_o fountain_n or_o adjacent_a place_n example_n of_o river_n who_o channel_n be_v exsiccate_v at_o this_o time_n either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n be_v every_o where_o obvious_a in_o writer_n yet_o not_o of_o great_a river_n but_o of_o small_a or_o of_o the_o part_n of_o any_o great_a river_n so_o a_o channel_n of_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o rhine_n which_o flow_v by_o leyden_n flow_v in_o time_n pass_v into_o the_o german_a ocean_n now_o for_o some_o age_n desert_v by_o the_o water_n at_o this_o day_n be_v land_n the_o rhine_n stagnate_v between_o leyden_n and_o the_o vicus_n cattorum_fw-la the_o shore_n be_v uncover_v from_o the_o water_n of_o river_n and_o that_o some_o river_n run_v in_o a_o more_o narrow_a channel_n than_o they_o do_v former_o be_v manifest_a from_o many_o example_n and_o from_o thence_o that_o some_o at_o this_o day_n be_v not_o navigable_a which_o former_o be_v may_v easy_o be_v collect_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n be_v diminish_v and_o none_o at_o all_o to_o be_v leave_v in_o their_o channel_n at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o as_o in_o the_o river_n scaldis_n therefore_o governor_n of_o commonwealth_n have_v a_o great_a care_n that_o the_o mud_n and_o sediment_n be_v draw_v from_o out_o the_o channel_n of_o river_n that_o they_o may_v remain_v navigable_a as_o be_v see_v in_o many_o place_n but_o great_a river_n can_v be_v dry_v up_o or_o change_v into_o land_n except_o in_o many_o age_n because_o that_o many_o lesser_a river_n flow_v from_o divers_a part_n make_v they_o of_o which_o though_o some_o may_v be_v dry_v up_o or_o change_v their_o course_n yet_o all_o do_v not_o suffer_v the_o same_o except_o in_o a_o long_a space_n of_o time_n and_o the_o channel_n be_v deep_a but_o one_o heap_n or_o ridge_n of_o sand_n may_v cause_v the_o river_n to_o run_v through_o another_o channel_n and_o the_o former_a to_o be_v dry_v up_o yet_o it_o take_v not_o away_o the_o river_n except_o the_o fountain_n or_o branch_n of_o it_o be_v obstruct_v therefore_o it_o be_v true_a that_o neither_o the_o nile_n tanais_n albis_n or_o the_o rhine_n or_o other_o river_n always_o flow_v or_o shall_v perpetual_o flow_v but_o that_o there_o be_v earth_n before_o and_o shall_v be_v afterward_o where_o they_o now_o flow_v proposition_n vi_o lake_n be_v dry_v up_o and_o change_v into_o land_n land_n lake_n dry_v up_o and_o change_v into_o land_n 1._o if_o that_o a_o lake_n be_v constitute_v from_o river_n that_o flow_v in_o that_o mutation_n be_v make_v by_o the_o abduction_n withdraw_a or_o cessation_n of_o the_o river_n and_o also_o by_o evaporation_n 2._o if_o that_o a_o lake_n receive_v water_n by_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n from_o the_o ocean_n or_o sea_n there_o will_v be_v a_o mutation_n of_o that_o lake_n after_o that_o those_o subterraneous_a passage_n be_v obstruct_v and_o so_o lake_n be_v first_o change_v into_o stand_a pool_n and_o marsh_n then_o at_o length_n into_o dry_a land_n it_o be_v evident_a say_v aristotle_n that_o because_o a_o force_n of_o water_n have_v bring_v in_o mud_n or_o something_o of_o that_o sort_n he_o speak_v of_o lake_n make_v of_o river_n therefore_o stand_v pool_n be_v make_v and_o the_o earth_n be_v dry_a and_o that_o their_o water_n be_v leave_v and_o stand_a in_o succession_n of_o time_n it_o be_v exsiccate_v and_o altogether_o vanish_v so_o the_o land_n that_o touch_v upon_o the_o lake_n maeotis_n by_o the_o soil_n bring_v down_o by_o the_o river_n be_v increase_v so_o much_o that_o ship_n now_o far_o less_o than_o those_o about_o 60_o year_n since_o for_o traffic_v sake_n enter_v into_o it_o there_o be_v many_o example_n find_v of_o small_a lake_n change_v into_o dry_a land_n especial_o in_o holland_n proposition_n vii_o strait_n be_v exsiccate_v and_o change_v into_o isthmuss_n or_o continent_n that_o happen_v streights_n streights_n when_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a sink_v of_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n make_v in_o a_o long_a time_n the_o channel_n of_o the_o straight_o be_v become_v so_o high_a that_o it_o deni_v a_o passage_n to_o the_o sea_n so_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o isthmus_n between_o africa_n and_o asia_n be_v a_o straight_a by_o which_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o red-sea_n be_v conjoin_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n in_o many_o strait_n at_o this_o day_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v find_v lesser_a than_o in_o former_a time_n which_o be_v a_o certain_a token_n that_o those_o strait_n shall_v have_v no_o water_n in_o they_o in_o the_o time_n to_o come_v and_o shall_v be_v change_v into_o a_o dry_a isthmus_n so_o the_o straight_a through_o which_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n make_v a_o gulf_n which_o the_o hollander_n call_v snyder-zee_a and_o the_o texell_n at_o this_o day_n receive_v no_o large_a land_n ship_n and_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v every_o year_n find_v lesser_a and_o the_o land_n high_o therefore_o where_o the_o water_n be_v at_o the_o texell_n there_o after_o some_o age_n will_v be_v dry_a land_n concern_v the_o vlier_n the_o same_o in_o time_n to_o come_v will_v also_o happen_v proposition_n viii_o the_o bay_n or_o gulf_n which_o the_o ocean_n make_v between_o the_o mid-land_n in_o course_n of_o time_n do_v become_v dry_a place_n land_n bay_n or_o gulf_n in_o time_n do_v become_v dry_a land_n this_o be_v do_v by_o a_o double_a cause_n 1._o if_o that_o the_o straight_a by_o which_o the_o bay_n be_v conjoin_v to_o the_o ocean_n become_v a_o isthmus_n or_o else_o be_v stop_v by_o sand_n and_o gravel_n which_o be_v do_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n for_o by_o this_o cause_n the_o bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o a_o part_n or_o member_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o body_n and_o shall_v become_v a_o lake_n and_o then_o a_o stand_a pool_n and_o marish_a and_o by_o exsiccation_n become_v earth_n and_o no_o water_n shall_v be_v see_v there_o 2._o if_o that_o the_o very_a channel_n of_o the_o bay_n become_v high_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o river_n flow_v into_o it_o and_z carrying_z sand_n along_o with_o it_o that_o it_o in_o time_n can_v receive_v the_o sea_n so_o by_o degree_n the_o sea_n will_v recede_v from_o the_o shore_n of_o that_o bay_n therefore_o the_o mediterranean_a the_o baltic_a the_o red_a persian_a and_o other_o sea_n that_o be_v bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n will_v cease_v in_o time_n to_o be_v sea_n and_o will_v be_v change_v into_o land_n which_o shall_v be_v full_o prove_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n ix_o the_o ocean_n for_o sake_v some_o shore_n or_o coast_n so_o that_o it_o become_v land_n where_o the_o ocean_n former_o be_v shore_n where_o the_o ocean_n former_o be_v be_v now_o land_n by_o its_o forsake_v the_o shore_n that_o happen_v for_o these_o cause_n 1._o if_o that_o the_o force_n of_o water_n be_v break_v at_o the_o shore_n by_o rock_n here_o and_o there_o on_o the_o coast_n or_o cliff_n in_o the_o sea_n for_o that_o
the_o air_n than_o it_o will_v do_v without_o this_o refraction_n we_o shall_v anon_o allege_v a_o example_n of_o the_o appearancy_n of_o the_o sun_n proceed_v from_o refraction_n 4._o the_o full_a moon_n and_o near_o the_o full_a remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o many_o day_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v depress_v beneath_o it_o viz._n for_o so_o many_o more_o day_n by_o how_o much_o that_o place_n be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o high_o elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n as_o to_o cause_v any_o warmness_n but_o the_o full_a moon_n in_o those_o month_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n in_o a_o whole_a revolution_n the_o full_a moon_n be_v never_o above_o the_o horizon_n horizon_n the_o planet_n not_o always_o the_o same_o above_o horizon_n 5._o the_o fix_a star_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o always_o above_o the_o horizon_n but_o not_o the_o planet_n for_o saturn_n remain_v 15_o year_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n and_z 15_o beneath_o the_o same_o jupiter_n 6_o year_n beneath_o and_o 6_o above_o the_o same_o horizon_n mars_n 1_o year_n venus_n and_o mercury_n about_o half_a a_o year_n from_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v likely_a that_o there_o be_v great_a diversity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n and_o season_n in_o divers_a year_n 6._o the_o land_n in_o most_o place_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v stony_a rocky_a and_o as_o hard_o as_o flint_n in_o few_o place_n chalky_a sulphureous_a and_o fat_a in_o these_o place_n there_o be_v a_o moderate_a fertility_n in_o the_o other_o a_o sterility_n 7._o those_o region_n be_v encompass_v with_o the_o sea_n but_o for_o the_o mediterranean_a we_o as_o yet_o have_v no_o certain_a account_n 8._o some_o of_o the_o region_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n have_v mountain_n of_o a_o moderate_a height_n but_o most_o want_v they_o run_v on_o a_o plain_a for_o a_o long_a space_n 9_o the_o cold_a wind_n there_o frequent_o blow_v from_o the_o polary_n plaga_fw-la seldom_o the_o east_n wind_n and_o least_o of_o all_o the_o west_n in_o the_o cold_a arctic_a plaga_fw-la the_o north_n wind_n rage_n in_o the_o antarctic_a the_o south_n 10._o cloud_n and_o rain_n frequent_o perplex_v these_o region_n from_o these_o cause_n it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o collect_v what_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o season_n in_o these_o region_n be_v for_o in_o the_o winter_n time_n when_o the_o sun_n rise_v not_o for_o whole_a day_n it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n thick_a cloud_n frost_n and_o cold_a must_v render_v the_o land_n uninhabitable_a they_o be_v not_o altogether_o deprive_v of_o light_n for_o that_o time_n for_o the_o moon_n be_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o a_o long_a time_n give_v light_a and_o the_o twilight_n be_v daily_o afford_v from_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o vicine_fw-la horizon_n but_o the_o snow_n the_o stick_n close_o about_o the_o earth_n which_o can_v be_v discuss_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o therefore_o hinder_v the_o aspect_n of_o remote_a thing_n there_o be_v no_o fertility_n but_o all_o barren_a and_o uncultivated_a for_o that_o which_o some_o suppose_v by_o how_o much_o any_o region_n be_v near_a to_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o less_o it_o feel_v the_o intenseness_n of_o the_o cold_a and_o the_o field_n be_v find_v more_o fertile_a seem_v not_o probable_a to_o i_o when_o neither_o in_o nova_n zembla_n which_o be_v distant_a 16_o degree_n from_o the_o pole_n nor_o in_o spitzbirga_n which_o be_v only_o 8_o degree_n distant_a such_o a_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v but_o a_o roughness_n and_o hardness_n and_o almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n snow_n or_o at_o least_o shower_n and_o very_o cold_a wind_n neither_o be_v their_o opinion_n help_v by_o one_o example_n observe_v by_o mariner_n in_o a_o certain_a region_n 9_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o pole_n which_o most_o man_n suppose_v to_o be_v groenland_n for_o in_o this_o green_a grass_n be_v find_v and_o a_o air_n more_o warm_a than_o in_o nova_n zembla_n as_o be_v most_o certain_a the_o only_a animal_n peculiar_a to_o these_o northern_a region_n venison_n rhinoceros_n a_o kind_n of_o venison_n be_v the_o rhinoceros_n and_o this_o in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o month_n become_v exceed_o fat_a by_o feed_v on_o this_o grass_n nevertheless_o see_v that_o as_o yet_o not_o many_o region_n be_v hitherto_o find_v of_o this_o temperature_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n it_o be_v not_o expedient_a for_o we_o from_o this_o single_a example_n to_o make_v a_o general_a conjecture_n especial_o see_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o peculiar_a constitution_n be_v manifest_a for_o that_o land_n be_v full_a of_o marsh_n and_o sedgey_a and_o the_o grass_n by_o which_o the_o rhinoceros_n or_o dear_a be_v tender_v so_o fat_a be_v not_o a_o kind_n of_o terrestrial_a grass_n but_o sedge_n and_o osier_n but_o other_o herb_n be_v not_o there_o find_v or_o any_o tree_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o that_o land_n contain_v some_o fat_a and_o sulphureous_a substance_n which_o be_v mix_v which_o the_o water_n produce_v such_o a_o oil_n and_o fatten_v sedge_n but_o that_o the_o like_a earth_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o be_v observe_v but_o rather_o the_o contrary_n therefore_o in_o the_o winter_n in_o these_o place_n be_v little_a light_n but_o a_o incredible_a and_o great_a violence_n of_o cold_a snow_n shower_n and_o polary_a wind_n and_o this_o winter_n begin_v in_o the_o northern_a frigid_a zone_n when_o the_o sun_n first_o enter_v capricorn_n although_o also_o the_o autumn_n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o libra_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o capricorn_n be_v little_o different_a from_o this_o violent_a winter_n the_o spring_n indeed_o be_v less_o infest_a with_o this_o violence_n of_o the_o air_n yet_o it_o be_v without_o snow_n shower_n and_o cold_a polary_a wind_n yet_o the_o increase_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o day_n or_o rather_o the_o decrease_n of_o cold_a be_v discover_v at_o that_o time_n viz._n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o aries_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o cancer_n and_o in_o this_o vernal_a season_n or_o in_o the_o latter_a day_n of_o it_o the_o sun_n continue_v above_o the_o horizon_n in_o entire_a revolution_n and_o therefore_o then_o there_o be_v discover_v a_o moderate_a heat_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o of_o that_o force_n as_o to_o melt_v and_o dissolve_v the_o snow_n of_o all_o those_o place_n into_o water_n much_o less_o be_v it_o able_a to_o melt_v the_o ice_n whence_o mariner_n report_v that_o here_o be_v to_o be_v find_v snow_n and_o ice_n of_o a_o perpetual_a duration_n then_o the_o summer_n shall_v be_v from_o the_o go_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o cancer_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o libra_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o which_o the_o sun_n yet_o remain_v for_o whole_a day_n above_o the_o horizon_n and_o augment_v the_o heat_n by_o some_o accession_n so_o that_o june_n july_n and_o august_n be_v month_n of_o a_o tolerable_a air._n in_o some_o place_n among_o the_o mountain_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v intense_a but_o the_o shower_n and_o cloud_n do_v much_o hinder_v this_o benignity_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o especial_o the_o most_o sharp_a northern_a wind_n unto_o which_o sometime_o snow_n be_v adjoin_v so_o that_o no_o fruit_n or_o corn_n can_v here_o arrive_v to_o any_o maturity_n except_o in_o some_o place_n near_o the_o arctic_a circle_n chap._n xxvii_o of_o the_o shadow_n which_o the_o body_n erect_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o illuminate_v by_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v and_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n arise_v from_o thence_o see_v that_o the_o shadow_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o illuminate_v body_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v be_v carry_v into_o divers_a place_n and_o fall_v on_o the_o sense_n have_v much_o variety_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o man_n who_o be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o cause_n be_v strike_v with_o a_o admiration_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n divide_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v into_o three_o sort_n which_o division_n must_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o to_o its_o superficies_n so_o that_o they_o term_v some_o amphiscij_fw-la other_o heteroscij_fw-la and_o the_o rest_n periscij_fw-la the_o explication_n of_o which_o term_n see_v that_o they_o contain_v but_o small_a learning_n we_o shall_v say_v somewhat_o also_o concern_v shadow_n which_o although_o they_o do_v not_o pertain_v to_o geography_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o near_a affinity_n they_o may_v be_v propose_v in_o this_o chapter_n shadow_n of_o
shadow_n the_o shadow_n receive_v their_o denomination_n from_o the_o part_n or_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n into_o which_o they_o be_v cast_v as_o the_o oriental_a shadow_n which_o tend_v into_o the_o east_n from_o the_o sun_n place_v in_o the_o west_n contrariwise_o the_o occidental_a shadow_n which_o go_v into_o the_o western_a plaga_fw-la or_o quater_fw-la but_o here_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o meridian_n shadow_n which_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o meridian_n or_o which_o be_v cast_v from_o body_n perpendicular_o erect_v or_o seat_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o meridian_n the_o sun_n then_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n and_o this_o be_v two_o fold_n viz._n northern_a and_o southern_a the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v term_v heteroscij_fw-la where_o the_o meridian_n shadow_n of_o body_n erect_v be_v constant_o carry_v all_o day_n of_o the_o year_n to_o either_o pole_n the_o periscij_fw-la be_v those_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o the_o shadow_n of_o erect_a body_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n be_v carry_v about_o into_o all_o the_o plagas_fw-la of_o the_o horizon_n or_o where_o the_o meridian_n shadow_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n be_v cast_v to_o both_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o meridian_n the_o amphiscij_fw-la be_v those_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o the_o meridian_n shadow_n of_o the_o erect_a body_n in_o some_o day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v cast_v to_o the_o north_n and_o on_o othersom_a to_o the_o south_n proposition_n i._o the_o shadow_n of_o body_n erect_v above_o the_o horizontal_n plain_a fall_v upon_o the_o quarter_n opposite_a to_o it_o in_o which_o the_o sun_n exi_v dyall_v of_o shadow_n in_o reference_n to_o optic_n and_o dyall_v those_o that_o be_v verse_v in_o the_o optic_n and_o horology_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o a_o shadow_n a_o opac_n and_o luminous_a body_n be_v in_o one_o plain_a but_o the_o term_n or_o bind_v of_o the_o shadow_n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o opac_n and_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o one_o right_a line_n for_o because_o the_o opac_n the_o shadow_n and_o line_n conceal_v from_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o opac_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o shadow_n make_v a_o triangle_n now_o every_o triangle_n be_v in_o one_o plain_a therefore_o those_o three_o line_n shall_v be_v in_o one_o plain_a the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o line_n conjoin_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o opacity_n and_o the_o shadow_n moreover_o a_o erect_a body_n be_v right_a to_o the_o horizontal_n plain_a wherefore_o the_o plain_a draw_v through_o it_o viz._n that_o of_o the_o forementioned_a triangle_n be_v also_o straight_o to_o that_o horizontal_n plain_a and_o therefore_o seat_v in_o the_o vertical_a plain_n and_o because_o a_o body_n erect_v be_v seat_v as_o it_o be_v a_o vertex_fw-la between_o the_o sun_n and_o shadow_n therefore_o the_o sun_n and_o shadow_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o opposite_a quarter_n there_o be_v three_o part_n of_o this_o shadow_n which_o the_o style_v erect_v be_v illuminate_v from_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v viz._n a_o dense_n shadow_n a_o central_n and_o a_o shadow_n which_o be_v almost_o a_o dense_n shadow_n which_o a_o ray_n come_v from_o the_o uppermost_a edge_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v terminate_v a_o central_n shadow_n be_v that_o which_o be_v intercept_v between_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o superior_a edge_n and_o the_o centrel_n ray_n the_o penumbra_fw-mi be_v that_o which_o be_v intercept_v between_o the_o central_n ray_n and_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o low_a proposition_n ii_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o in_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n be_v heteroscij_fw-la heteroscij_fw-la the_o people_n in_o the_o tropic_n be_v heteroscij_fw-la for_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n that_o very_a day_n the_o body_n erect_v in_o any_o point_n of_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n do_v absorbe_v the_o shadow_n of_o the_o sun_n possess_v their_o meridian_n because_o that_o then_o the_o sun_n perpendicular_o from_o his_o vertex_fw-la hang_v over_o the_o horizon_n and_o therefore_o illuminate_v all_o part_n of_o it_o neither_o do_v any_o ray_n from_o the_o erect_a opac_n hinder_v like_o this_o which_o perpendicular_o fall_v on_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n and_o therefore_o lie_v in_o the_o very_a opac_n but_o in_o other_o day_n of_o the_o year_n because_o the_o sun_n decline_v from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o tropic_a towards_o the_o south_n therefore_o the_o shadow_n be_v cast_v in_o the_o meridies_n towards_o the_o north_n never_o towards_o the_o south_n on_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n every_o day_n it_o be_v cast_v towards_o the_o south_n except_o on_o one_o day_n in_o which_o there_o will_v be_v no_o shadow_n never_o towards_o the_o north._n proposition_n iii_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v amphiscii_n amphiscii_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v call_v amphiscii_n let_v any_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v take_v in_o the_o globe_n and_o let_v it_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o latitude_n which_o shall_v cut_v the_o ecliptic_a in_o two_o point_n be_v describe_v by_o chalk_n apply_v when_o therefore_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v in_o these_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a he_o shall_v describe_v by_o his_o circumvolution_n a_o parallel_n which_o shall_v direct_o hang_v over_o the_o parallel_n describe_v and_o therefore_o on_o those_o two_o day_n in_o which_o he_o obtain_v those_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a in_o the_o assume_v place_n and_o in_o all_o situate_v in_o the_o describe_v parallel_n he_o shall_v be_v vertical_a in_o the_o meridies_n and_o illustrate_v all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o horizon_n and_o therefore_o no_o shadow_n shall_v be_v cast_v on_o these_o two_o day_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n shall_v be_v amphiscii_n without_o any_o shadow_n but_o on_o the_o other_o day_n of_o the_o year_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o but_o the_o meridian_n shadow_n shall_v either_o be_v cast_v to_o the_o north_n or_o to_o the_o south_n to_o the_o north_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o lie_v in_o those_o two_o point_n before_o note_v towards_o the_o south_n on_o the_o contrary_a to_o the_o south_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o be_v situate_v from_o those_o two_o point_n towards_o the_o north._n proposition_n iu._n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n be_v heteroscii_n heteroscii_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n be_v call_v heteroscii_n for_o because_o the_o sun_n in_o all_o those_o day_n of_o the_o year_n in_o the_o meridies_n be_v move_v from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o north_n temperate_a zone_n towards_o that_o quarter_n to_o wit_n the_o south_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o south_n temperate_a zone_n towards_o the_o north_n it_o follow_v from_o the_o first_o proposition_n that_o the_o meridian_n shadow_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o north_n temperate_a zone_n bend_v to_o the_o same_o quarter_n all_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n viz._n the_o north_n on_o the_o contrary_a to_o the_o south_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o south_n temperate_a zone_n proposition_n v._o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v periscii_n periscii_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v call_v periscii_n for_o by_o reason_n that_o on_o some_o day_n of_o the_o year_n the_o sun_n set_v not_o in_o these_o place_n but_o move_v round_o about_o the_o horizon_n it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o the_o shadow_n shall_v be_v carry_v round_o into_o all_o quarter_n and_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o superior_a semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n the_o shadow_n be_v cast_v towards_o the_o north_n and_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o inferior_a semicircle_n the_o shadow_n be_v carry_v towards_o the_o southern_a quarter_n proposition_n vi_o a_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v give_v to_o find_v the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n in_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o place_n shall_v be_v without_o any_o shadow_n and_o in_o what_o day_n the_o shadow_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o north_n and_o in_o what_o to_o the_o south_n let_v the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n become_v vertical_a to_o the_o place_n give_v be_v find_v those_o shall_v be_v the_o day_n in_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o place_n shall_v be_v without_o a_o shadow_n for_o this_o use_v the_o mode_n in_o the_o three_o proposition_n proposition_n vii_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v give_v to_o find_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o globe_n who_o inhabitant_n be_v amphiscii_n
parallel_n direct_o ascend_v from_o the_o horizon_n to_o the_o meridian_n then_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o any_o other_o place_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o parallel_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o oblique_a to_o the_o horizon_n by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v that_o be_v by_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n become_v the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o near_o to_o the_o pole_n proposition_n vii_o by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o the_o other_o constellation_n require_v the_o great_a time_n to_o arise_v and_o set_v and_o they_o pass_v through_o the_o meridian_n of_o all_o place_n at_o a_o equal_a time_n let_v two_o place_n be_v take_v on_o the_o globe_n unequal_o distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v and_o observe_v separately_z for_o each_o of_o they_o how_o much_o time_n any_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n require_v to_o ascend_v above_o the_o horizon_n viz._n the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sign_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o oriental_a horizon_n let_v the_o index_n be_v place_v at_o the_o 12_o hour_n and_o the_o globe_n be_v turn_v round_o until_o the_o whole_a sign_n be_v rise_v the_o index_n will_v show_v the_o hour_n elapse_v in_o the_o space_n whilst_o the_o sign_n arise_v for_o by_o the_o comparison_n of_o the_o time_n the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n will_v be_v manifest_a proposition_n viii_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v give_v to_o find_v or_o show_v on_o the_o globe_n those_o place_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n arise_v in_o any_o give_a quarter_n globe_n to_o find_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o any_o quarter_n by_o the_o globe_n this_o problem_n and_o those_o that_o follow_v shall_v be_v propound_v and_o resolve_v concern_v the_o earth_n itself_o if_o that_o we_o will_v act_v according_a to_o art_n for_o these_o affection_n belong_v unto_o it_o but_o they_o be_v propound_v concern_v the_o globe_n because_o here_o it_o represent_v the_o earth_n although_o another_o method_n must_v be_v use_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o another_o construction_n which_o although_o it_o can_v only_o be_v comprehend_v by_o the_o mind_n be_v sufficient_a that_o it_o may_v hinder_v in_o the_o practice_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o obstacle_n this_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o problem_n the_o day_n and_o the_o quarter_n be_v give_v in_o which_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v observe_v to_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o that_o place_n or_o its_o parallel_n in_o any_o point_n of_o which_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o we_o be_v place_v 11._o see_v chap._n 23._o proposit_n 11._o the_o solution_n of_o which_o we_o have_v deliver_v in_o the_o 23_o chapter_n proposition_n 11._o proposition_n ix_o the_o day_n and_o the_o hour_n or_o part_n of_o the_o hour_n be_v give_v to_o show_v the_o place_n on_o the_o globe_n to_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v then_o vertical_a first_o let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o give_v day_n be_v find_v be_v note_v on_o the_o ecliptic_a of_o the_o globe_n and_o that_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n let_v a_o mark_n be_v make_v with_o a_o chalk_n on_o the_o supereminent_a point_n then_o let_v those_o place_n be_v find_v in_o who_o meridian_n the_o sun_n be_v at_o the_o give_v moment_n of_o time_n and_o let_v they_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n these_o be_v do_v that_o place_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o note_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n be_v the_o place_n which_o be_v demand_v viz._n that_o to_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a at_o the_o give_v moment_n of_o time_n proposition_n x._o note_v further_o note_v the_o day_n and_o the_o hour_n be_v give_v to_o show_v all_o the_o place_n on_o the_o globe_n from_o who_o vertex_fw-la the_o sun_n be_v distant_a the_o give_v degree_n at_o that_o hour_n but_o the_o give_v degree_n must_v not_o exceed_v a_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o or_o the_o day_n and_o the_o hour_n be_v give_v to_o show_v on_o the_o globe_n those_o place_n above_o who_o horizon_n the_o sun_n have_v the_o give_v altitude_n or_o the_o give_v depression_n beneath_o it_o but_o the_o altitude_n give_v must_v not_o exceed_v 90_o degree_n as_o likewise_o the_o depression_n let_v the_o place_n be_v find_v on_o the_o globe_n to_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a at_o the_o hour_n give_v and_o let_v this_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o quadrant_n be_v affix_v to_o the_o imminent_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n let_v the_o degree_n of_o distance_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la give_fw-mi be_v note_v and_o the_o quadrant_n be_v turn_v round_o the_o globe_n remain_v immovable_a all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o the_o note_a degree_n of_o the_o quadrant_n pass_v be_v those_o from_o who_o the_o sun_n have_v the_o give_v distance_n or_o above_o who_o horizon_n the_o sun_n have_v the_o give_v altitude_n proposition_n xi_o at_o the_o give_v hour_n of_o the_o day_n to_o show_v on_o the_o globe_n all_o plain_n unto_o which_o the_o sun_n rise_v and_o set_v and_o to_o which_o he_o be_v fix_v at_o the_o meridian_n and_o all_o that_o be_v illuminate_v and_o not_o illuminate_v day_n further_o concern_v the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n find_v out_o by_o the_o globe_n at_o any_o day_n or_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n let_v the_o place_n be_v find_v in_o the_o globe_n to_o which_o the_o sun_n at_o the_o time_n give_v be_v vertical_a and_o let_v the_o place_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o the_o pole_n elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o that_o place_n or_o let_v that_o place_n be_v place_v in_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o horizon_n so_o all_o those_o place_n which_o be_v discover_v under_o the_o semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n above_o the_o horizon_n shall_v have_v the_o meridies_n but_o those_o place_n which_o be_v behold_v in_o the_o oriental_a semicircle_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v those_o to_o which_o the_o sun_n than_o set_v but_o to_o those_o which_o lie_v in_o the_o occidental_a semicircle_n of_o the_o horizon_n the_o sun_n rise_v at_o the_o give_v time_n and_o all_o the_o place_n which_o be_v above_o the_o horizon_n be_v illuminate_v by_o the_o sun_n on_o the_o contrary_a all_o the_o place_n situate_v beneath_o the_o same_o then_o want_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o sun_n note_v that_o the_o problem_n must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n illustrate_v part_n of_o the_o earth_n somewhat_o big_a than_o the_o hemisphere_n which_o how_o big_a it_o be_v shall_v be_v discover_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n therefore_o we_o may_v show_v the_o place_n to_o which_o the_o sun_n rise_v or_o set_v when_o we_o have_v noon_n or_o midnight_n and_o contrariwise_o those_o in_o which_o he_o set_v when_o he_o arise_v to_o we_o who_o then_o have_v midnight_n or_o midday_n proposition_n xii_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o earth_n be_v give_v and_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v know_v to_o find_v out_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o sun_n illuminate_v scheme_n see_v scheme_n let_v the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o b_o a_o c_o a_o the_o centre_n a_o b_o c_o d_o e_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n s_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n s_o l_o s_o o_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sun_n l_o b_o o_o c_o the_o ray_n touch_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o earth_n for_o these_o distinguish_v the_o part_n illuminate_v from_o the_o part_n not_o illuminate_v therefore_o the_o arch_n b_o d_o c_o represent_v the_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n illuminate_v and_o the_o arch_n blc_n the_o part_n not_o illuminate_v let_v the_o tangent_n lb_n o_o c_o be_v extend_v until_o they_o concur_v in_o r_n and_z b_o n_n parallel_v to_o a_o s_n therefore_o in_o the_o triangle_n b_o n_o l_o let_v n_n l_o be_v give_v the_o excess_n s_o l_o above_o a_o b_o and_z b_o n_z of_o equal_a distance_n to_o a_o s_n the_o angle_n b_o n_o l_o be_v direct_a because_o that_o b_o l_o touch_v the_o circle_n wherefore_o in_o the_o triangle_n b_o l_o n_o let_v the_o angle_n n_o b_o l_o be_v find_v according_a to_o this_o proposition_n that_o as_o b_o n_n be_v to_o n_n l_o so_fw-mi be_v the_o whole_a sign_n to_o the_o tangent_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n n_o b_o l._n moreover_n the_o two_o angle_n l_o n_n b_o n_o b_o l_o be_v together_o equal_a to_o one_o straight_o or_o 90_o
be_v wet_v so_o it_o be_v ready_o apply_v but_o the_o place_n in_o that_o paper_n before_o they_o be_v apply_v be_v consign_v to_o their_o fit_a degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n proposition_n vi_o to_o compose_v geographical_a map_n we_o may_v thus_o propound_v the_o problem_n in_o a_o mathematical_a style_n map_n of_o the_o compose_n geographical_a map_n the_o situation_n of_o a_o infinite_a plain_n or_o one_o to_o be_v produce_v at_o pleasure_n be_v give_v to_o represent_v in_o that_o the_o place_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n or_o thus_o more_o general_o a_o point_n be_v give_v on_o any_o plain_a which_o be_v put_v to_o represent_v any_o place_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o find_v on_o the_o same_o plain_a infinite_a divers_z other_o point_n and_o line_n which_o as_o commodious_o may_v be_v may_v represent_v to_o the_o life_n the_o place_n and_o line_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o their_o situation_n to_o the_o give_v place_n or_o one_o to_o another_o so_o i_o think_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o proposition_n will_v be_v better_o understand_v by_o reason_n that_o very_o few_o student_n and_o favourer_n of_o geography_n understand_v the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n neither_o can_v they_o attain_v to_o any_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o the_o construction_n and_o nature_n of_o geographical_a map_n or_o judge_v of_o their_o commodity_n or_o defect_n except_o they_o know_v the_o principle_n according_a unto_o which_o they_o be_v make_v therefore_o here_o a_o few_o thing_n necessary_a in_o this_o doctrine_n must_v be_v explain_v from_o the_o art_n of_o perspective_n geography_n the_o knowledge_n of_o perspective_n necessary_a in_o geography_n now_o that_o art_n as_o most_o know_v be_v conversant_a in_o represent_v all_o object_n or_o body_n on_o some_o table_n or_o platform_n as_o the_o part_n of_o a_o picture_n be_v so_o conform_v and_o seat_v one_o to_o 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ice_n in_o the_o winter_n neither_o be_v it_o so_o salt_n as_o other_o sea_n and_o here_o the_o turk_n forbid_v traffic_n to_o foreigner_n there_o be_v no_o passage_n into_o it_o but_o by_o river_n neither_o this_o passage_n of_o the_o bosphorus_n have_v be_v always_o but_o force_v by_o violence_n of_o stream_n that_o fall_v into_o the_o overcharge_v euxine_a where_o it_o rush_v into_o the_o bosphorus_n there_o be_v two_o rock_n former_o call_v cyancae_n and_o symplegades_n so_o near_o that_o at_o a_o distance_n they_o seem_v but_o one_o here_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o rock_n encompass_v with_o the_o sea_n stand_v a_o pillar_n of_o white_a marble_n call_v pompey_n pillar_n the_o bosphorus_n be_v in_o length_n about_o 20_o mile_n but_o very_o narrow_a the_o broad_a place_n not_o exceed_v a_o mile_n turk_n the_o disposition_n manner_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o turk_n before_o i_o pass_v to_o the_o other_o province_n in_o greece_n a_o word_n or_o two_o as_o to_o the_o manner_n 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reverence_v by_o they_o that_o it_o be_v not_o touch_v with_o unwashed_a hand_n they_o call_v it_o the_o book_n of_o glory_n english_a the_o alcoran_n now_o print_v in_o english_a and_o guide_v to_o paradise_n they_o believe_v in_o god_n and_o hold_v jesus_n christ_n for_o a_o great_a prophet_n than_o moses_n but_o mahomet_n for_o the_o great_a they_o deny_v the_o divinity_n of_o christ_n yet_o confess_v he_o to_o be_v the_o son_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n that_o he_o be_v conceive_v by_o the_o smell_n of_o a_o rose_n which_o the_o angel_n gabriel_n bring_v she_o and_o that_o she_o bear_v he_o at_o her_o breast_n that_o he_o be_v free_a from_o the_o temptation_n of_o the_o devil_n and_o original_a sin_n he_o be_v call_v in_o the_o alcoran_n the_o word_n and_o breath_n of_o god_n say_v to_o raise_v up_o the_o dead_a to_o give_v sight_n to_o the_o blind_a to_o cure_v the_o lame_a to_o give_v speech_n to_o the_o dumb_a to_o know_v the_o secret_n of_o heart_n and_o that_o by_o his_o 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that_o the_o people_n pass_v to_o and_o fro_o as_o it_o be_v in_o throng_n near_o to_o this_o city_n be_v joseph_n 7_o granary_n now_o bring_v to_o ruin_n yet_o 4_o of_o they_o be_v so_o repair_v as_o they_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o keep_v the_o public_a corn._n on_o the_o south_n end_n of_o this_o city_n he_o say_v there_o yet_o remain_v a_o round_a tower_n wherein_o pharaoh_n daughter_n live_v when_o she_o find_v moses_n in_o the_o river_n which_o run_v hard_a by_o it_o south_n west_n of_o grand_a cairo_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o nile_n about_o four_o league_n distance_n stand_v the_o three_o old_a and_o great_a pyramid_n the_o jew_n affirm_v they_o to_o be_v build_v by_o pharaoh_n who_o be_v drown_v in_o the_o red_a sea_n the_o fair_a for_o himself_o the_o next_o for_o his_o wife_n and_o the_o least_o for_o his_o only_a daughter_n the_o great_a of_o the_o three_o and_o chief_a of_o the_o world_n seven_o wonder_n be_v make_v in_o form_n quardangular_a lessen_v by_o equal_a degree_n the_o basis_n of_o every_o square_n be_v 300_o pace_n in_o length_n and_o so_o lessen_v by_o degree_n ascend_v by_o 250_o step_n each_o be_v about_o 3_o foot_n high_a the_o stone_n be_v all_o of_o a_o bigness_n and_o hew_v four_o square_a and_o in_o this_o as_o also_o in_o the_o other_o there_o be_v several_a room_n there_o be_v also_o about_o 16_o or_o 18_o other_o pyramid_n but_o of_o less_o note_n and_o not_o so_o ancient_a as_o these_o 3_o aforesaid_a be_v which_o i_o shall_v pass_v by_o nigh_o to_o this_o city_n in_o the_o plain_a be_v the_o place_n where_o they_o do_v inter_v their_o dead_a in_o which_o they_o use_v such_o art_n that_o the_o body_n of_o their_o dead_a remain_n to_o this_o day_n perfect_a sound_n and_o these_o we_o call_v mummy_n the_o place_n where_o these_o body_n lie_v be_v about_o ten_o fathom_n under_o ground_n in_o vault_n either_o in_o the_o sand_n or_o upon_o a_o open_a stone_n the_o earth_n be_v full_a of_o dry_a sand_n wherein_o 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egypt_n in_o the_o low_a egypt_n be_v those_o of_o garbia_n menufia_n and_o callioubech_n within_o the_o delta_n and_o between_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o nile_n that_o of_o mansaura_n without_o and_o eastward_o towards_o the_o holy_a land_n and_o arabia_n likewise_o without_o and_o westward_o of_o the_o nile_n be_v the_o cassilif_n of_o bonhera_n or_o baera_n which_o stretch_v itself_o from_o the_o nile_n unto_o the_o cape_n of_o bonandrea_n this_o last_o cassilif_n be_v almost_o quite_o out_o of_o egypt_n though_o within_o its_o government_n and_o the_o length_n of_o its_o sea_n coast_n not_o less_o then_o that_o of_o all_o egypt_n along_o the_o nile_n but_o that_o which_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o nile_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o arab_n and_o very_a desert_n that_o which_o be_v near_o it_o be_v better_a worth_n it_o be_v governor_n be_v oblige_v to_o mannel_n a_o callech_n or_o channel_n of_o 100000_o pace_n in_o length_n to_o carry_v water_n from_o the_o nile_n to_o alexandria_n and_o when_o a_o new_a bassa_n arrive_v in_o egypt_n this_o governor_n have_v likewise_o to_o furnish_v he_o with_o horse_n and_o camel_n for_o himself_o his_o train_n and_o baggage_n and_o to_o defray_v his_o charge_n from_o alexandria_n unto_o cairo_n but_o since_o the_o war_n with_o the_o venetian_n the_o bassa_n have_v general_o come_v round_o by_o land_n and_o not_o adventure_v by_o sea_n to_o alexandria_n among_o the_o desert_n of_o this_o cassilif_n those_o of_o st._n macaire_n have_v have_v 360_o and_o odd_a monastery_n and_o here_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v see_v a_o lake_n of_o mineral_n water_n which_o convert_v into_o nitre_n the_o wood_n bones_o or_o stone_n that_o be_v throw_v into_o it_o the_o cassilif_n of_o callioubech_n menousia_n and_o garbia_n be_v between_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o nile_n and_o out_o of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o arab_n aught_o to_o be_v esteem_v the_o best_a in_o egypt_n and_o particular_o the_o last_o which_o yield_v more_o abundant_o sugar_n rice_n milk_n grain_n oil_n flax_n herb_n honey_n fruit_n etc._n etc._n and_o maala_n one_o of_o its_o principal_a city_n which_o they_o call_v the_o little_a medina_n be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a devotion_n with_o they_o where_o they_o hold_v yearly_o a_o famous_a fair_a which_o the_o governor_n open_v with_o great_a pomp_n observe_v many_o ceremony_n the_o cassilif_n of_o mansoura_n do_v produce_v the_o same_o commodity_n but_o not_o in_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n though_o of_o a_o great_a extent_n than_o garbia_n but_o more_o over_o it_o yield_v cassia_n these_o four_o or_o five_o cassilif_n take_v up_o the_o whole_a coast_n of_o egypt_n and_o of_o its_o government_n and_o on_o this_o coast_n be_v the_o city_n of_o alexandria_n rosetto_n damiata_n and_o some_o other_o alexandria_n the_o city_n of_o alexandria_n alexandria_n among_o the_o turk_n scanderia_n be_v build_v by_o the_o command_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a and_o by_o he_o people_v with_o greek_n immediate_o after_o the_o conquest_n of_o egypt_n and_o the_o moddel_n trace_v by_o the_o architect_n dinocrates_n who_o for_o want_v of_o other_o matter_n make_v use_v of_o wheat-flower_n to_o mark_v out_o the_o circuit_n which_o be_v take_v for_o a_o good_a augury_n it_o be_v afterward_o beautify_v by_o many_o but_o especial_o by_o pompey_n it_o be_v situate_v westward_o of_o the_o delta_n over_o against_o the_o isle_n of_o pharos_n and_o build_v upon_o a_o promontory_n thrust_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n with_o which_o on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o on_o the_o other_o the_o lake_n mareotis_n it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o good_a defence_n its_o circuit_n be_v about_o 12000_o pace_n adorn_v with_o many_o stately_a edifice_n among_o which_o the_o most_o famous_a be_v the_o serapium_n or_o the_o temple_n of_o their_o god_n serapis_n which_o for_o curious_a workmanship_n and_o the_o stateliness_n of_o the_o building_n be_v inferior_a to_o none_o but_o the_o roman_a capitol_n than_o the_o library_n erect_v by_o ptolemy_n philadelphus_n in_o which_o there_o be_v 200000_o volume_n which_o demetrius_n promise_v to_o augment_v with_o 300000_o more_o and_o this_o in_o the_o war_n against_o julius_n caesar_n be_v unfortunate_o burn_v and_o this_o be_v that_o philadelphus_n who_o cause_v the_o bible_n to_o be_v translate_v into_o greek_a by_o the_o 72_o interpreter_n which_o be_v send_v he_o by_o the_o high_a priest_n eleazar_n in_o this_o city_n in_o anno_fw-la 180_o gantenus_n read_v divinity_n and_o philosophy_n who_o as_o it_o be_v think_v be_v the_o first_o institutor_n of_o university_n this_o city_n have_v be_v enrich_v with_o 400_o high_a and_o strong_a fort_n and_o tower_n and_o the_o ptolemy_n or_o king_n of_o egypt_n have_v make_v here_o their_o residence_n after_o the_o death_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a and_o cause_v many_o stately_a and_o magnificent_a palace_n to_o be_v build_v under_o the_o house_n be_v gistern_n sustain_v with_o pillar_n of_o marble_n as_o also_o pavement_n 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the_o first_o by_o 150_o portugal_n at_o the_o head_n of_o 8_o or_o 10000_o congolan_n which_o may_v make_v we_o judge_v of_o the_o goodness_n of_o their_o militia_n the_o kingdom_n be_v divide_v into_o province_n or_o mirinde_n which_o have_v each_o their_o soba_n which_o a_o 100_o year_n ago_o or_o little_o more_o be_v only_a governor_n for_o the_o king_n of_o congo_n now_o subject_a all_o to_o the_o great_a soba_n of_o angola_n who_o make_v only_o some_o present_n to_o the_o king_n of_o congo_n it_o be_v people_n use_v the_o same_o tongue_n money_n and_o arm_n with_o those_o of_o congo_n the_o empire_n of_o the_o monomotapa_a king_n the_o empire_n of_o the_o monomotapa_a its_o extent_n state_n and_o power_n of_o their_o king_n the_o monomotapa_a that_o be_v the_o emperor_n king_n or_o sovereign_n of_o motapa_n be_v according_a to_o vincent_n blanc_n call_v by_o his_o people_n tabaqui_n and_o possess_v a_o empire_n so_o great_a that_o it_o be_v make_v of_o 1000_o league_n circuit_n it_o be_v say_v by_o he_o that_o this_o prince_n deport_v himself_o with_o gravity_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o access_n to_o his_o person_n but_o with_o very_a great_a submission_n that_o he_o be_v always_o adorn_v with_o chain_n and_o precious_a stone_n like_v to_o a_o woman_n or_o rather_o like_o a_o spouse_n be_v please_v to_o receive_v present_n but_o give_v little_a keep_v a_o great_a seraglio_n of_o woman_n which_o it_o be_v forbid_v to_o approach_v and_o one_o part_n of_o his_o guard_n according_a to_o some_o be_v likewise_o compose_v of_o woman_n who_o be_v active_a at_o their_o arm_n and_o courageous_a he_o call_v his_o principal_a city_n madrogan_n which_o be_v the_o monomotapa_a of_o other_o where_o his_o royal_a palace_n be_v which_o be_v magnificent_a and_o great_a flank_v with_o tower_n without_o with_o four_o principal_a gate_n within_o hang_v with_o tapestry_n of_o cotton_n mix_v with_o gold_n and_o adorn_v with_o many_o rich_a and_o stately_a movable_n etc._n 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silver_n which_o in_o this_o country_n be_v in_o great_a quantity_n and_o so_o rich_a that_o there_o be_v some_o who_o call_v this_o prince_n the_o emperor_n of_o gold_n not_o only_o the_o mine_n but_o likewise_o the_o river_n have_v gold_n in_o their_o sand_n among_o which_o those_o of_o do_v infantos_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n and_o of_o cuama_n towards_o their_o spring_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o lake_n zachaf_n but_o those_o of_o the_o country_n care_n for_o no_o more_o of_o it_o than_o be_v necessary_a to_o truck_v for_o what_o they_o have_v need_n of_o fertility_n it_o be_v fertility_n the_o wood_n have_v great_a store_n of_o elephant_n which_o yield_v they_o ivory_n as_o also_o other_o beast_n have_v rich_a pasture_n which_o be_v well_o furnish_v with_o cattle_n have_v grain_n fruit_n fowl_n be_v well_o water_v with_o many_o river_n in_o which_o be_v abundance_n of_o fish_n the_o air_n be_v temperate_a except_o that_o their_o winter_n be_v cold_a than_o may_v be_v expect_v in_o that_o climate_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o enclose_v it_o on_o all_o side_n and_o cross_v the_o country_n and_o their_o winter_n be_v in_o the_o same_o time_n when_o we_o have_v our_o summer_n to_o wit_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v about_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n king_n the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n the_o monomotapa_a be_v say_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o powerful_a prince_n of_o africa_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o greatness_n of_o his_o estate_n his_o riches_n and_o the_o great_a number_n of_o prince_n which_o hold_v of_o he_o or_o be_v under_o his_o dominion_n they_o yearly_o receive_v the_o fire_n which_o the_o monomotapa_a send_v they_o or_o upon_o refusal_n be_v account_v rebel_n but_o all_o these_o people_n though_o hardy_a and_o addict_v to_o arm_n be_v unexpert_a in_o they_o so_o that_o their_o number_n will_v do_v they_o little_a good_a if_o assault_v by_o the_o european_n they_o believe_v only_o in_o one_o god_n and_o punish_v with_o death_n idolater_n and_o sorcerer_n monomotapa_a the_o chief_a place_n in_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o monomotapa_a but_o a_o word_n or_o two_o of_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o this_o empire_n and_o first_o of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o province_n of_o butva_n who_o chief_a place_n be_v butua_n carma_n gallita_n zet_z seated_z a_o the_o lake_n zachaf_n dobdel_n calburas_n tialso_fw-la and_o zimbra_fw-la both_o under_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n bafat_n quiticu_n armeta_n maitagasi_n boro_n amara_fw-la giera_n and_o hagala_n most_o of_o which_o be_v city_n of_o some_o account_n and_o seat_v on_o rivers_n the_o chief_a place_n in_o monomotapa_a particular_o so_o call_v be_v monomotapa_a the_o chief_a of_o the_o empire_n zuggi_n jouros_n and_o mosata_n the_o chief_a in_o zefala_n bear_v the_o same_o name_n seat_v in_o a_o isthmus_n so_o call_v the_o chief_a in_o qviteva_n be_v cuama_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n so_o name_v abâ—â—â—_n the_o shoar_n of_o zefala_n be_v several_a isle_n among_o which_o three_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o vciqve_fw-la parvae_fw-la three_o of_o vciqve_fw-la majores_fw-la and_o two_o of_o spichellae_n and_o far_o a_o sea_n and_o towards_o the_o isle_n of_o madagascar_n be_v the_o isle_n of_o baixos_n de_fw-fr india_n the_o chief_a place_n of_o sedanda_fw-la be_v so_o call_v and_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o chicanga_n be_v zimbdos_n and_o buro_n and_o these_o be_v the_o part_n comprehend_v under_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o monomotapa_a monoemugi_a the_o empire_n of_o the_o monoemugi_a the_o monoemugi_a that_o be_v lord_n of_o emugi_n have_v his_o empire_n or_o estate_n between_o the_o abyssins_n the_o cafres_n the_o monomotapa_a and_o the_o zanguebar_v so_o that_o it_o be_v about_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o giaques_n or_o zaggaes_n which_o join_v to_o congo_n be_v likewise_o esteem_v subject_n to_o this_o empire_n he_o have_v often_o war_n
to_o revenge_v this_o affront_n he_o put_v to_o sea_n at_o his_o own_o expense_n with_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o soldier_n and_o eighty_o mariner_n land_v in_o florida_n and_o with_o the_o aid_n of_o those_o of_o the_o country_n who_o affect_v the_o french_a retake_v caroline_n from_o the_o spaniard_n with_o two_o other_o fort_n which_o they_o have_v new_o build_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v hang_v on_o the_o same_o tree_n whereon_o they_o have_v hang_v the_o french_a raze_v the_o fort_n and_o return_v into_o france_n in_o 1568_o where_o he_o have_v no_o small_a trouble_n to_o clear_v himself_o for_o his_o exploit_n florida_n the_o fertility_n of_o florida_n florida_n be_v between_o the_o twenty_o five_o or_o thirty_o and_o forty_o degree_n of_o septentrional_a latitude_n the_o country_n can_v choose_v but_o be_v good_a their_o wood_n and_o forest_n be_v well_o clothe_v with_o tree_n as_o lofty_a cedar_n large_a oak_n cyprus_n and_o bays_n tree_n of_o a_o large_a proportion_n also_o 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hair_n be_v black_a which_o they_o wear_v very_o long_o their_o woman_n do_v far_o exceed_v other_o adjacent_a nation_n in_o handsomeness_n which_o make_v they_o much_o desire_v by_o stranger_n and_o their_o shape_n and_o beauty_n be_v more_o discernible_a in_o that_o they_o go_v naked_a till_o their_o purgation_n and_o afterward_o only_o they_o make_v use_v of_o skin_n of_o beast_n take_v in_o hunt_v which_o they_o embellish_v with_o feather_n of_o divers_a colour_n which_o they_o tie_v about_o their_o waist_n and_o hang_v down_o to_o their_o knee_n only_o to_o hide_v their_o privity_n and_o their_o arm_n back_o breast_n knee_n and_o other_o part_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o sight_n be_v stain_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o painting_n not_o to_o be_v wash_v off_o which_o be_v esteem_v a_o great_a ornament_n among_o they_o they_o bear_v some_o reverence_n to_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n they_o be_v account_v very_o crafty_a cunning_a deceitful_a revengeful_a and_o much_o addict_v to_o war_n their_o arm_n be_v bow_n and_o arrow_n as_o be_v almost_o all_o the_o american_n they_o know_v the_o nature_n of_o their_o herb_n and_o have_v flower_n of_o fine_a colour_n they_o pass_v a_o part_n of_o the_o year_n in_o the_o wood_n where_o they_o live_v on_o hunt_v and_o part_n near_o the_o lake_n river_n and_o sea_n where_o they_o fish_v they_o have_v a_o custom_n among_o they_o that_o be_v the_o woman_n when_o their_o husband_n die_v do_v cut_v of_o their_o hair_n and_o strew_v it_o on_o his_o sepulchre_n and_o be_v restrain_v from_o marry_v again_o till_o their_o hair_n be_v long_o enough_o to_o cover_v their_o shoulder_n the_o country_n yield_v great_a plenty_n of_o mayz_n which_o be_v their_o natural_a bread_n which_o they_o sow_v and_o reap_v twice_o in_o one_o year_n this_o grain_n they_o gather_v and_o put_v into_o public_a place_n and_o distribute_v it_o to_o every_o family_n as_o occasion_n require_v fish_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o whale_n fish_v their_o whale_n fish_v be_v make_v with_o a_o cunning_a and_o boldness_n which_o those_o of_o europe_n dare_v not_o attempt_v the_o fisherman_n have_v discover_v one_o enter_v into_o his_o canott_n then_o leap_v upon_o his_o back_n and_o there_o ride_v take_v his_o time_n to_o plunge_v a_o stick_n into_o one_o of_o his_o nostril_n and_o what_o ever_o endeavour_v he_o use_v though_o he_o plunge_v under_o water_n he_o hold_v fast_o and_o expect_v his_o rise_n fasten_v another_o stick_n on_o the_o other_o side_n and_o then_o retire_v with_o a_o cord_n fasten_v to_o these_o stick_n the_o whale_n not_o able_a to_o breath_n grow_v weak_a and_o then_o by_o little_a and_o little_a he_o draw_v it_o to_o the_o shore_n where_o assist_v by_o his_o companion_n he_o cut_v it_o in_o piece_n dry_v it_o to_o make_v flower_n and_o of_o that_o flower_n bread_n which_o last_v a_o long_a time_n the_o people_n of_o florida_n be_v govern_v by_o their_o paraousti_n who_o lead_v they_o to_o war_n where_o they_o kill_v the_o man_n but_o preserve_v the_o woman_n and_o child_n they_o have_v their_o jovona_n or_o sacrificer_n who_o serve_v as_o physician_n and_o to_o who_o they_o bear_v honour_n their_o paraousti_n be_v dead_a be_v inter_v with_o many_o ceremony_n live_v be_v much_o fear_v and_o obey_v they_o have_v many_o wife_n among_o which_o one_o be_v esteem_v the_o chief_a who_o child_n may_v hope_v for_o the_o charge_n and_o dignity_n of_o their_o father_n the_o house_n of_o paraousti_n ovade_v when_o captain_n albert_n be_v there_o to_o beg_v of_o he_o some_o provision_n beside_o divers_a moveable_n and_o ornament_n be_v hang_v as_o high_a as_o a_o pike_n length_n with_o tapestry_n make_v of_o rare_a feather_n and_o of_o most_o beautiful_a colour_n compose_v of_o such_o artifice_n that_o they_o be_v worth_a the_o most_o part_n of_o we_o the_o coverlid_n of_o his_o bed_n be_v white_a tissued_a in_o divers_a copartiment_n and_o with_o a_o fringe_n of_o scarlet_n about_o it_o florida_n river_n in_o 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