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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A91415	The Jewes synagogue: or, A treatise concerning the ancient orders and manner of worship used by the Jewes in their synagogue-assemblies. Gathered out of the sacred scriptures, the Jewish Rabines, and such modern authors, which have been most conversant in the study of Jewish customes. Wherein, by comparing the scriptures in the Old and New Testament together, many truths are fully opened, and sundry controversies about church-government truly and plainly stated. By William Pinchion of Springfeild [sic] in N. England.	Pynchon, William, 1590-1662.	1652 (1652)	Wing P4309; Thomason E802_4; ESTC R207368	80,705	99

were Teachers of the Law in the Synagogues of Iacob and the Levites in the Scholes of the Sonnes of Israel vid. Ainsw on Gen. 49. 7. Scholar Malachi seems to make the Levites the common Pastors of all the twelve Tribes for he doth tell us The Priests lips should preserve knowledge and that they should seek the Law at his mouth for he is the Angel of the Lord of Hosts Mal. 2. 7. Teacher Malachi meaneth that they were general Pastors appertaining to the general place of Worship for their Office was to wait upon the service of the Temple whither all the twelve Tribes used to resort three times a year besides their occasional resorting thither at other times Therefore the Office of the Levits was not restrained to particular Synagogues but they were Pastors at large to expound the meaning of the Law unto any of the twelve Tribes as they had occasion to resort to their Ministery at the temple where they had not only right to offer all Sacrifices but they had also some separated places for the opening and expounding of the Law unto the people in a dayly practise Levit. 10. 11. Deut. 33. 10. 2 Chron. 15. 3. and 35. 3. And some of the Levites also taught the Law in Scholes as Samuel of Korah did And also they taught the people in their owne Synagogues in their own forty eight Towns some of them also taught the Law as Judges and Elders when any of them were chosen to be of the high Sanhedrin Deut. 17. 11. 12. 2 Chron. 17. 8. as I shall by and by shew more at large in my discourse upon the Sanhedrin But because their Office was to attend upon the service of the Temple as general Pastors to the twelve Tribes therefore in reason they were bound to be learned But Daniel of Iudah was not inferiour in learning to any Levit Likewise those three noble Martrys and Confessors who by faith is escaped the violence of fire Heb. 11. Dan. 3. The Pope indeed will have all his Church-Ministers to be distinguished from the Common people by the name Spiritualtie and Clergy to tye learning to them but David had his Warriers as learned in Moses as any Levit who by foresight of Christ were valiant in battel and Daniel of Iudah with Ananias Azarias and Misael were the glory of the world before Ezekiel of Levi was come to Babel and it would be an honourable renowne if all of wealth and leasure were brought up in the Bible in frame of Art to know it throughly Jehosaphats memoriall is precious because he sent some Princes as well as some Levites to teach and preach the faith in the synagogues of Iudah 2 Chron. 17. 7. and it is like they were all chief Doctors of the high Sanhedrin Court So then the case is now clear that Zeliach Zibbur was usually of Israel and not of Levi except in their own forty eight Towns for the Elders of the Sanhedrin made any scholars Doctors that they approved of for learning and for Godly conversation of any of the twelve Tribes as well as of Levi. Scholar How did the Elders of the Sanhedrin make Doctors Teacher The Talmud and Maymony in Sanhedrin sheweth that they did not lay hands suddainly upon any man not till they The manner how the Elders of the Sanhedrin made Doctors at large found him to be Muphla Wonderous learned but after tryall if they found him to be so then two or three of the Sanhedrin imposed their hands and said Learned Rabbi Take thou authoritie to teach what is loose and what is bound This was their manner in making Doctors at large And when our Saviour would make his Apostles to be the first teachers of the kingdome of heaven he did first prove them with This phrase whatsoever thou shalt hinde on earth shall be bound in Heaven c. is a Thalmudical phrase learned questions and when he found them to be fit then he made them to be Doctors in the very manner of the Talmuds known speech saying thus unto Peter because thou hast answered my question and declared my natures and office therefore I will give unto thee as the Fore-man of the rest The Keys of the Kingdom of heaven to teach what is bound and what is loose and whatsoever thou shalt binde on earth shal be bound in heaven and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven Mat. 16. 19. In this phrase of speech the Lord doth plainly talmudize therefore the sense of this phrase cannot be so well opened as by comparing it to their use and custome Keys signifie Power and Authoritie both Papists and Protestants agree thus far but yet there is a great difference between them about the kind of Power the Pope and his Clergy will have the Keys in this place to signifie the Power of Government over mens souls and bodies also because the terme Keys doth signifie so much in other scriptures Yea many Protestants will have the term Keys in this place to signifie the power of Excommunication But these interpretations will not agree to the Talmudical sense for the Talmud from whence this phrase is borrowed doth mean it of the Key of Authoritie to preach only and not of the Key of authoritie to rule over mens bodies When they made a Doctor at large they did not give him power to rule over mens bodies but they gave him power to preach only as a Doctor at large untill he might be called to some particular Place or Office either as a Pastor or Teacher to some Synagogue or as an Elder to some one or other of their Sanhedrins Some Reformed Churches understand this Key of Authoritie to signifie the Power of Ecclesiastical Censures upon scandalous members but considering that this phrase is borrowed from the Talmud use and practise I wish that this Exposition of some Reformed Churches may not in the end be turned into a spice of Pope-like power I grant that the Elders of the Synagogues in heathen Countries had the Key of authoritie to execute the sentence of Excommunication upon scandalous and impenitent persons but that power of theirs must be fetched from other scriptures and not from this phrase in this Text for this Text speaks only of that Key of Power and Authoritie which our Saviour gave unto his Apostles to preach what was loose and what was bound in the Kingdom of Heaven here upon earth Christ gave them Power and Authoritie to teach that whosoever beleeved in the promised seed should be loosed from his sinnes and that whosoever beleeved not should be bound up in his sins to death and damnation vid. Master Broughton in Apocalips 76. 78. 109. And our Lord after his resurrection did again confirm his Apostles with new authoritie to teach what was loose and what was bound Ioh. 20. 23. and by the use of this phrase at another time he put them in minde of their Authoritie to preach what is loose c.

begins his memento to them with an asseveration Amen I say unto you Whatsoever ye bind on earth shall be bound in heaven that is to say Whatsoever person he or she be that lives in sin without change of mind ye shall by the preaching of the Gospel bind him or them over to eternal condemnation but whatsoever person he or she be that hath the truth of change of mind according to the rules of the Gospel you shall loose that person from his sins by preaching to him his pardon reconciliation and atonement by resting on Christ for his pardon and atonement And in this sense every faithful Preacher doth bind on earth and loose too though he never do excommunicate nor release any from their excommunication And if any man doubt whether this exposition of this phrase be to be understood of their power and authority to preach let them confer hereto another place in Iohn 20. 21. where our Saviour useth the like phrase to his Apostles and there he doth plainly expound it of their calling and power to preach the Gospel for in verse 21. Christ saith thus to his Apostles As my Father sent me so send I you namely to preach the Gospel and in verse 23. he saith Whosoever sins ye remit they are remitted unto them and whosoever sins ye retain they are retained This manner of speaking implies that they must teach according to the rules of the Gospel Whosoever sins ye remit according to the rules of the Gospel they are remitted But the Gospel doth not pronounce pardon of sin to any but to the godly repenting therefore you must remit no mans sins but theirs only to such repentant sinners you must preach remission of sins for their sins are remitted in heaven But whosoever sins you retain according to the rules of the Gospel they are retained You must tell all unrepentant sinners that without good change of mind they shall all perish eternally These are the limits of that commission which Christ gives to all true preachers when he doth first give them power and authority to preach the Gospel and I think that no sound Divine dares deny this exposition And thus by comparing these Scriptures together the true interpretation of Matth. 18. 18. may be found out Thirdly This phrase Whatsoever ye bind on earth shall be bound in heaven cannot be expounded of the Churches excommunication For no Church is so perfect in judgment as to know the spiritual estate of an excommunicate person many godly persons have been excommunicate for a particular sin and have died under their excommunication and yet their sin not bound in heaven when they dyed and some are unjustly excommunicate and some are released from their excommunication upon their verbal repentance only In this case the Church cannot say we know thy repentance is true and therefore we do loose thee from thy sins on earth and Christ doth also loose thee from thy sin in heaven No Church can say thus But when a godly Minister doth preach remission of sins to the truly repentant sinner or to a man thrt truly turns to the Lord and preach everlasting damnation to the unrepentent they do not personate men as they do when they excommunicate persons they only deliver the rules of the Gospel to persons in general If any of their hearers can find themselves so and so qualified then they preach remission of sins to such as do truly repent or turn to God Act. 26. 20 according to the rules of the Gospel and they preach damnation also to them that do not turn to God that is to the unrepentent But a particular Church had need an of infallible Judgment in mens personal conditions before she can conclude that all her personal censures are ratified in heaven Scholar Sir I must confess that your exposition of this verse 18. doth set me at a gaze what to think of other mens Interpretations but yet I am not fully satisfied Therefore I will yet try further in another circumstance of the Text It is said in verse 15. If he hear thee thou hast gained thy Brother These words imply that the only end and aime which the innocent brother had in telling his trespassing brother of his fault was to gain him from his sin by gaining him to repentance to change of mind therefore his end and aime was the same in verse 16. in taking with him one or two and therefore his end and aim was the same also in verse 17. in telling the Church Now if his end and aim was the same in all these proceedings namely to bring him to repentance then it follows by necessary consequence that the Churches dealing with him was either to bring him to change of mind or else to excommunicate him in case he shall still remain unrepentant Teacher I grant that the two first degrees of proceeding against the brother offending was only to gain him to the sight of his sin and so to godly repentance for it But the third degree of proceeding in telling the Church might well have another end namely to bring him to some publike shame for his unrepentancy or non-change of mind and to gain him to make some satisfaction for his injurious trespassing against him Scholar Do you make the word Trespass in this Text to mean such sins only as do trespass or hurt a mans brother Very learned Divines do take it to signifie all kinds of sin as well against God immediately as mediately against man Teacher I acknowledge that the Greek word used in this Text is often put as well for sin against God as for sin against man But most usually it is put for sin or trespass against man and me-thinks that the circumstances of this Text do carry it plainly of sin against a mans brother If thy brother sin against thee namely by hurting or injuring thy person goods or good name then thou shalt tell him his fault between him and thee alone 2. This kind of sin is such a sin as a brother may forgive and so Luke doth explain our Saviour to mean Chap. 17. 3. But a brother cannot forgive a sin against God and so Eli saith If a man sin against God who shall plead for him 1 Sam. 2. 25. therefore the sin here spoken of is not to be understood of sin against God immediatly but of such sins as a brother may forgive by passing by it and not revenging it in case his brother testifies his sorrow and repentance for it In this sense Iosephs brethren sinned against Ioseph as Reuben doth explain the nature of their sin Gen. 42. 22. with Gen. 37. 21 22. And therefore after Iacob was dead all Josephs Brethren came to him and confessed their sin many yeers after and they prayed Joseph to forgive their Trespass and their sin Gen. 50. 17. They did not pray him to forgive their sin as it was a sin against God for in that sense they knew that Ioseph could not forgive it but

THE JEWES Synagogue OR A TREATISE CONCERNING The ancient Orders and manner of Worship used by the JEWES in their SYNAGOGVE-ASSEMBLIES Gathered out of the Sacred SCRIPTURES the Jewish Rabines and such Modern Authors which have been most conversant in the study of Jewish Customes WHEREIN By comparing the SCRIPTURES in the Old and New Testament together many truths are fully opened and sundry Controversies about Church-Government truly and plainly stated By William Pinchion of Springfeild in N. England LONDON Printed for John Bellamie and are to be sold at his shop at the three golden Lions in Cornhill neer the Royall Exchange 1652. To the Christian Readers of great BRITANY CHristian Reader all the Authors that I have read about the discipline of the Iews Synagogues have mixed many of the Jewes late superstitious practices among some of their ancient approved practices and because they have not distinguished the one from the other they have rather confounded the Reader than given him any distinct aime how to judge of their Synagogue-orders and whether they were ever any particular Churches of Jesus Christ Nay many learned have concluded that they never were ordained for any true Churches of Christ And therefore they have slighted all their discipline-practices as nothing exemplary to the government of the particular Churches of Iesus Christ at this day But my apprehensions are otherwise for I conceive that Iesus Christ did originally ordain them as true particular visible Churches Therefore I thought it necessary to search out as well as I could their Synagogue-worship together with some of their ancient Discipline-practices and herein I have endeavoured to avoid their late superstitious observations which they have added from their own brains in the time of their Apostasie This labour I thought necessary to communicate to the godly for the better searching into the fundamental grounds of Church-Discipline If any thing I have alledged be profitable to thy understanding let God have the glory in the wise improvement thereof for the peace and comfort of all the Churches of Iesus Christ Amen A Table of some chiefe Heads Chap. 1. That the Jewes Synagogue-Assemblies were true visible Churches of Jesus Christ 1 THe Jewes Synagogues were particular Churches of Jesus Christ pag. 1. 2 Their nationall Church-worship was not sufficient of it self to preserve the truth of Religion among them But their Synagogue-worship was sufficient without their nationall worship both when they lived in the wildernesse and when they lived in Heathen Countries p. 9 3 The antiquity of Synagogues in heathen countries p. 12 4 The provident care of Jesus Christ for the speedy spreading of particular Christian Churches into all parts of the world doth mightily appeare by his dispersing the Jewes into sundry heathen countries to build Synagogues and to get Assemblies before hand fit for the Apostles and Disciples of Christ to preach to 12 5 The Christians that were first converted by the Apostles in the Iewes Synagogue did not presently separate themselves from the Iewes Synagogues to make particular Churches by themselves untill the Synagogues did first persecute them for their faith in Christ crucified 15 6 Iesus Christ did ordain that the place of his particular Church-meetings should be conveniently seated in some convenient distance from every ones dwelling 16 7 If ten men of Israel did live remote from any synagogue they must prepare a new synagogue nigh and fit for their dwellings 17 8 That kinde of worship which Christ ordained to be used in their synagogue-assemblies was prayer and preaching without any leviticall ceremony 18 9 They used to keep weekly Lectures in their synagogues 21 10 How the Iewes received Heathens to be members of their Nationall Church and of their particular synagogue also 21 11 The Iudges of their Sanhedrims were the Elders of their nationall Church 22 12 In their synogogues they observed dayes of publick fasting upon occasion of any distresse that was upon them 24 13 How the blessing was pronounced in the synagogue after the Lecture of the Law was ended 25 14 No Leviticall worship was lawfull to be used in their synagogues 25 15 What officers the Iewes had in their synagogues 26 16 Why they called the Pastor of their synagogue Zeliah Zibbur 26 17 In the Heathen countries when the Hebrew tongue was lost from the common use then Zeliach Zibbur did read his text in the Hebrew tongue but afterwards he did expound it in the common Dialect of that nation where they lived 27 18 The Pastors of their synagogues were not Levites but they were chosen out of any tribe 28 19 The manner how the Elders of the Sanhedrim made Doctors at large 92 20 This phrase Whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven is a Talmud phrase 29 21 The Discipline which Christ ordained for the government of the Iewish synagogue is recorded in fragments by Maymony and the two Talmuds 31 22 The New Testament hath many phrases that are Talmudique which cannot be so fitly opened as by the Talmud 32 Chap. 2. That the government of the Church of the Jewes was instituted by Jesus Christ to be 1. Dependent when they lived together in the land of Canaan 2. Independent when they inhabited in Heathen Countries 1 The Jewes Synagogue Discipline was sometimes dependent and sometimes independent 38 2 In heathen countries every Synagogue had a generall license to exercise such a discipline among themselves as tended to the correction of vice except life and limb 39 3 Their synagogue-Discipline was dependent as long as they lived in Canaan 41 4 When the Sanhedrim government was first ordained 41 5 Iesus Christ first constituted the Sanhedrim government 42 6 The high Sanhedrim ordained all the other Sanhedrims 43 7 To sit in Moses Chaire is to judge according to Moses Lawes 46 8 The Elders of the Sanhedrim were the generall Elders of the Church and therefore they had power to deale in all matters of Religion as well as in civill causes 47 9 The High Sacrificer was not the chiefe Elder of the Nationall Church of Israel as some affirm 49 10 Christ gave the power of excommunication originally to the Elders of the Sanhedrim in the Wildernesse 53 11 In what cases the Elders of the Sanhedrim did excommunicate 55 12 An excommunicate person and a publicane might goe into the Temple but an heathen might not 58 13 What kinde of excommunication is the Anathema Maranatha 59 14 Christ did not first ordain excommunication in Matth. chap. 18. 1 62 15 This phrase Tell the Church means nothing else but Tell the Elders of the Sanhedrim 69 16 A Court of Elders is a Church in Scripture phrase 70 17 All the outward professors of faith through the world doe make an universall visible Church of Christ 78 18 Who are to he accounted as fit persons to be admitted as members of a particular visible Church 80 Chap. 3. That Schools of learning were at the first erected by Jesus Christ for

Tyrants When Zachariah the son of Iehoiadah was stoned between the Temple and the Altar he said The Lord look upon it and require it This Anathema maranatha took effect For when Nabuzaradan came into the Temple he saw some bloud upon the pavement not washed off thereupon he asked what bloud that was It was answered That it was the bloud of a Prophet that foretold all these things that now are come upon us and we rose up and killed him Yea said Nebuzaradan and I will pay you for it The reupon he caused his Souldiers to fall upon the young Priests and they killed eight thousand of them This the Iews record in Tugueh fol-69 Col. 1. Scholar I cannot tell what to think of the use and practice of this great Excommunication whether it be any Church priviledge or no But I will leave it for the present and desire rather to search out the lesser Excommunication which is granted on all hands to be a special priviledge belonging to all Christian Churches And very learned Divines do affirm that Iesus Christ did first ordain it in Matth. 1. 18. 17. as a special Ordinance for the use of all Christian Churches to the worlds end Teacher I cannot believe yet that Iesus Christ did first ordain excommunication in Matth. 18. 17. as a new Ordinance Christ did not first ordain Excommunication in Mat. 18. 17. for the use of Christian Churches I have already shewed that Iesus Christ did institute many particular Churches or synagogues among the Jews and that they had the use of Excommunication among them of old time therefore I cannot as yet believe that Christ did now first ordain excommunication as a new Ordinance for the use of Christian Churches in Matth. 18. 17. Secondly It is evident that Christ did not now first ordain excommunication as a new Ordinance for the use of all Christian Churches in Matth. 18. 17. because Luke relates a part of this exhortation touching private brotherly dealing and makes no mention of proceeding on to excommunication which doubtles he would not have omitted if Christ had now first ordained it for the use of Christian Churches Scholar Very learned Divines do think that the circumstances of the Text Matth. 18. 17. do plainly demonstrate that Christ did now first ordain excommunication as a new Ordinance for the use of all Christian Churches to the Worlds end and that Christ exhorted his Apostles to put this new Ordinance in practise assoon as they should plant any new particular Christian Churches Teacher I desire that the circumstance of this Text may be alledged and weighed whether any of them do prove the ordination of excommunication at this time or no. Scholar The first considerable circumstance is this If he will not hear the Church let him be to thee as an Heathen and Publican Hence I gather That none could account his Brother of the same profession as an Heathen or Publican until the Church had excommunicated him Teacher Your collection is not sound for first If this sentence had implyed his excommunication by the Church then Christ would have said thus Let him be to it that is to say to the Church Or let him be to them that is to say to all the members of the Church as an Heathen and a Publican But Christ doth not say so but let him be to thee that is to say let him be to thee that art the wronged Brother as an heathen and a Publican if he refused to hear the Church though he never were excommunicate by them For it is a point of good Justice and of Christian Wisdom to account an obstinate sinner that will not hear the Church no better then an Heathen or Publican And thus godly David did when his brethren Israelites sought to betray his life into the hands of Saul he both esteemed them and called them Heathens for it his words run thus Lo they lay wait for my soul yet not for my trespass nor for my sin for I have done them no wrong at all Therefore thou O Jehovah God of hosts God of Israel awake to visit all the Heathens Psal 59. 4 5. and in verse 9. he saith thus Thou Jehovah wilt laugh at them thou wilt mock at the Heathens Thus David esteemed his brethren the Jews no better then heathens for their trecherous endeavours and yet I believe he knew they were not excommunicated by the Church In like sort he calls the Ziphims of the Tribe of Iudah Strangers that is to say Heathens for their trecherous endevours against his life Psal 54. 5. In like sort Ieremiah ranks the profane Jews with the uncircumcised Heathens Ier. 9. 26. and Iohn calls the persecuting Papists Gentiles Apoc. 11. 2. 18. and Heathens also in chap. 19. 15. and Isaiah calls the Kings and People of Judah Kings of Sodom and People of Gomorrha Es 1. 10. and yet I believe none of these were so esteemed and called because they were first excommunicated by the Church Therefore you cannot conclude that Matthew doth mean that the impenitent brother was first excommunicate by the Church because Christ bade the innocent party to esteem him as an Heathen and Publican Scholar There is another circumstance in verse 18. which doth imply Excommunication as all Interpreters say The words of the Text thus speak Whatsoever ye shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven c. Hence Interpreters conclude that the Church by the power of Excommunication do bind sinners in their sins on earth and when they repent then they loose them from their sins on earth by discharging them from the sentence of Excommunication and that Christ doth ratifie all their doings in heaven Teacher I do not look upon this 18. verse in the same sense that you take it I do not apprehend it to have any necessary dependance on the three former verses but I take this 18. verse to speak of another matter distinct from the former For it is evident that Christ doth use many miscellaneous exhortations in this Chapter which have no dependence on each other Secondly I say that this sentence in verse 18. doth not agree to the terms of the Churches Excommunication For then Christ would have said thus Whatsoever they bind on earth that is to say Whatsoever they the whole Church both Officers and Members do bind on earth c. But Christ doth not say so But whatsoever ye shall bind on earth namely ye that are my Apostles and Disciples Or else Christ would have said thus Whatsoever thou bindest on earth in relation to the phrase afore-going in verse 17. Let him be to thee This phrase Whatsoever ye bind on earth c. is a Talmudd phrase which phrase of speaking Christ had formerly used to his Apostles when he gave them authority to preach the Gospel in Matth. 16. 19. and now again he doth put them in remembrance of their calling and power to preach the Gospel by repeating the said Talmud phrase and he