have_v speak_v nonsense_n he_o tell_v i_o that_o situs_fw-la rectus_fw-la be_v another_o expression_n i_o quarrel_v with_o real_o though_o perhaps_o it_o be_v not_o very_o proper_a i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o i_o any_o where_o find_v fault_n with_o it_o and_o he_o may_v have_v spare_v himself_o the_o trouble_n of_o cite_v a_o passage_n out_o of_o hugens_n nothing_o to_o his_o purpose_n for_o mons_fw-la hugens_n who_o always_o speak_v sense_n do_v not_o say_v that_o jupiter_n himself_o but_o that_o his_o axis_n be_v right_a to_o the_o plane_n of_o his_o orbit_n but_o though_o the_o defender_n endeavour_v to_o excuse_v the_o theorist_n for_o his_o impropriety_n of_o expression_n yet_o he_o pass_v over_o without_o any_o excuse_n the_o great_a error_n which_o he_o make_v in_o assign_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o suppose_a change_n of_o position_n which_o the_o earth_n axis_n suffer_v at_o the_o deluge_n the_o theorist_n say_v that_o at_o first_o the_o earth_n be_v equal_o poise_v and_o therefore_o he_o think_v it_o must_v keep_v its_o axis_n steady_a and_o parallel_a to_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o eliptick_a but_o at_o the_o deluge_n it_o lose_v the_o equilibration_n as_o he_o call_v it_o and_o one_o end_n or_o pole_n become_v heavy_a than_o the_o other_o the_o heavy_a end_n incline_v towards_o the_o sun_n in_o which_o say_v posture_n he_o say_v the_o earth_n have_v ever_o since_o continue_v i_o must_v acknowledge_v that_o i_o can_v not_o read_v this_o without_o some_o indignation_n and_o be_o ashamed_a to_o find_v one_o who_o pretend_v to_o give_v a_o mechanical_a account_n of_o the_o creation_n and_o of_o the_o change_v the_o world_n have_v since_o undergo_v discourse_n in_o so_o crude_a a_o manner_n that_o it_o may_v clear_o be_v see_v that_o he_o have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o common_a insight_n into_o that_o learning_n which_o will_v have_v teach_v he_o the_o present_a posture_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o axis_n for_o i_o show_v in_o the_o examination_n that_o every_o one_o that_o understand_v the_o element_n of_o the_o new_a astronomy_n know_v perfect_o that_o one_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o more_o incline_v to_o the_o sun_n than_o another_o and_o that_o if_o such_o a_o change_n have_v real_o happen_v to_o the_o earth_n viz._n that_o one_o pole_n of_o it_o have_v become_v heavy_a than_o the_o other_o that_o pole_n have_v always_o incline_v to_o the_o sun_n and_o make_v a_o perpetual_a summer_n in_o all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n while_o the_o other_o enjoy_v a_o continual_a winter_n and_o because_o no_o such_o thing_n happen_v but_o both_o the_o pole_n be_v equal_o incline_v to_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v a_o demonstration_n that_o no_o such_o change_n of_o gravitation_n happen_v to_o the_o earth_n the_o defender_n be_v please_v to_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o this_o argument_n and_o yet_o have_v the_o confidence_n to_o assert_v that_o he_o think_v the_o theorist_n reason_n very_o probable_a for_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o suppose_a change_n of_o the_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_n but_o the_o theorist_n in_o the_o last_o edition_n of_o his_o english_a theory_n seem_v to_o have_v find_v out_o another_o cause_n which_o he_o think_v in_o some_o measure_n contribute_v to_o the_o change_n of_o the_o earth_n position_n and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o change_n of_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o magnetic_a particle_n which_o he_o say_v follow_v upon_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o before_o we_o can_v know_v if_o this_o will_v do_v we_o must_v discover_v what_o these_o magnetic_a particle_n be_v what_o their_o direction_n be_v what_o it_o be_v before_o the_o deluge_n what_o afterward_o how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v change_v and_o how_o this_o change_n produce_v a_o change_n in_o the_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_n and_o till_o he_o pretend_v to_o give_v a_o mechanical_a account_n of_o these_o thing_n he_o can_v no_o more_o expect_v a_o distinct_a answer_n from_o i_o than_o if_o he_o have_v say_v all_o this_o have_v be_v do_v by_o some_o occult_a quality_n for_o loose_v and_o general_a harangue_n about_o effluvium_n particle_n subtle_a matter_n modes_n and_o motion_n signify_v very_o little_o more_o to_o explain_v nature_n than_o the_o quality_n and_o attraction_n of_o the_o old_a philosopher_n who_o the_o theorist_n upon_o this_o account_n so_o often_o deride_v it_o be_v indeed_o but_o another_o sort_n of_o cant_n and_o afford_v as_o little_a satisfaction_n to_o the_o mind_n before_o i_o proceed_v and_o further_o i_o must_v own_o i_o be_v mistake_v when_o i_o say_v that_o the_o axis_n of_o jupiter_n be_v obloquy_n to_o the_o plane_n of_o its_o orbit_n in_o read_v of_o hugen_n systema_fw-la saturninum_fw-la i_o remember_v that_o this_o position_n be_v affirm_v of_o saturn_n and_o i_o think_v that_o i_o have_v read_v there_o that_o jupiter_n have_v a_o like_a position_n which_o i_o write_v down_o without_o consult_v the_o book_n itself_o which_o i_o have_v not_o then_o by_o i_o the_o defender_n have_v mistake_v my_o meaning_n when_o he_o imagine_v i_o say_v that_o according_a to_o the_o theorist_n both_o jupiter_n and_o saturn_n be_v antediluvian_n planet_n for_o the_o particle_n who_o in_o the_o parenthesis_n refer_v only_o to_o jupiter_n though_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o own_o the_o expression_n be_v ambiguous_a and_o may_v refer_v to_o both_o at_o last_o the_o defender_n come_v to_o give_v we_o a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o theorist_n creed_n as_o to_o this_o point_n which_o he_o conceive_v to_o be_v thus_o the_o earth_n be_v at_o first_o in_o a_o even_a and_o parallel_a posture_n with_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o as_o he_o explain_v himself_o in_o the_o 2d._o page_n of_o his_o reflection_n its_o axis_n be_v not_o oblique_a to_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o ecliptic_a but_o lay_v parallel_n with_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o perpendicular_a to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a then_o the_o earth_n have_v a_o perpetual_a equinox_n and_o unity_n of_o season_n and_o the_o heaven_n and_o fix_a star_n move_v uniform_o and_o concentrical_o with_o the_o earth_n but_o when_o the_o earth_n change_v its_o posture_n into_o that_o which_o it_o have_v now_o it_o have_v the_o position_n of_o its_o axis_n change_v into_o a_o parallelism_n with_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o the_o heaven_n seem_v to_o turn_v round_o upon_o another_o axis_n different_a from_o those_o of_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o earth_n i_o must_v beg_v this_o author_n leave_n to_o say_v that_o he_o have_v gross_o misrepresent_v the_o theorist_n who_o so_o far_o as_o i_o can_v discover_v never_o express_v himself_o to_o any_o such_o purpose_n i_o think_v that_o there_o be_v already_o error_n enough_o in_o this_o theory_n so_o that_o he_o need_v not_o have_v make_v they_o more_o by_o false_a misrepresentation_n for_o i_o can_v find_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o either_o the_o latin_a or_o english_a theory_n as_o that_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v ever_o parallel_v to_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v say_v indeed_o that_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v parallel_v to_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o perpendicular_a to_o its_o plane_n and_o this_o i_o must_v own_o be_v false_a but_o be_v it_o trne_v yet_o what_o the_o defender_n advance_v upon_o it_o will_v be_v impossible_a viz._n that_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v also_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o since_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v not_o perpendicular_a but_o stand_v at_o oblique_a angle_n upon_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a as_o be_v evident_a from_o gallileo_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr macchie_n solari_n scheiner_n rosa_fw-la vrsina_fw-la kepler_n mons_fw-la cassini_n mr._n flamstead_n and_o most_o of_o the_o astronomer_n who_o have_v write_v upon_o this_o subject_n but_o even_o his_o own_o master_n des_n cartes_n from_o who_o he_o seem_v as_o industrious_o to_o dissent_v when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o right_n as_o he_o be_v always_o sure_a to_o transcribe_v he_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o wrong_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o sun_n make_v a_o angle_n of_o seven_o degree_n with_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a if_o i_o say_v what_o these_o learned_a man_n have_v observe_v be_v true_a then_o either_o the_o proposition_n advance_v by_o the_o defender_n or_o the_o 8_o of_o the_o 11_o of_o euclid_n must_v be_v false_a this_o author_n also_o tell_v we_o that_o before_o the_o deluge_n the_o earth_n have_v a_o right_a position_n the_o heaven_n with_o the_o fix_a star_n move_v or_o seem_v to_o move_v concentrical_o with_o the_o earth_n i_o can_v suppose_v that_o he_o mean_v by_o this_o that_o all_o the_o fix_a star_n seem_v to_o turn_v round_o the_o earth_n in_o
find_v that_o the_o theorist_n make_v any_o mention_n of_o these_o crack_n for_o that_o purpose_n the_o only_a question_n be_v whither_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v reach_v so_o low_a as_o the_o abyss_n when_o the_o earth_n be_v dry_v and_o its_o pore_n enlarge_v here_o he_o be_v mistake_v this_o be_v not_o the_o only_a question_n for_o there_o be_v another_o material_a one_o beside_o viz._n that_o suppose_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v reach_v the_o abyss_n whether_o there_o can_v have_v be_v vapour_n enough_o extract_v from_o it_o to_o furnish_v the_o earth_n and_o i_o think_v i_o have_v prove_v that_o there_o can_v not_o but_o it_o seem_v he_o will_v not_o allow_v of_o the_o calculation_n because_o it_o suppose_v that_o the_o sun_n act_v through_o large_a crack_n fissure_v and_o chap_n which_o he_o say_v the_o theorist_n do_v not_o mention_v for_o any_o such_o purpose_n but_o he_o will_v have_v the_o sun_n to_o have_v act_v only_o through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n well_o let_v we_o grant_v his_o supposition_n that_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o act_v through_o large_a crack_n and_o fissure_v which_o i_o think_v will_v best_o serve_v his_o design_n but_o only_o through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o we_o will_v see_v how_o much_o the_o theorist_n will_v gain_v by_o it_o i_o be_o accuse_v of_o deal_v unfair_o with_o the_o theorist_n when_o i_o make_v he_o suppose_v that_o mountain_n make_v way_n for_o the_o motion_n and_o dilatation_n of_o vapour_n if_o this_o be_v unfair_a deal_n i_o can_v tell_v what_o will_v be_v fair_a for_o the_o theorist_n himself_o have_v express_o say_v so_o in_o his_o book_n 11._o chap._n 5._o parag._n 4._o of_o the_o english_a theory_n where_o speak_v of_o the_o north_n and_o south_n part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o he_o say_v draw_v the_o vapour_n to_o they_o his_o word_n be_v these_o the_o cold_a of_o those_o part_n attract_v they_o as_o we_o call_v it_o that_o be_v make_v way_n to_o their_o motion_n and_o dilatation_n without_o resistance_n as_o mountain_n and_o cold_a place_n usual_o draw_v vapour_n from_o the_o warm_a though_o i_o quote_v these_o word_n in_o the_o examination_n yet_o the_o defender_n assure_v we_o that_o the_o theorist_n suppose_v no_o such_o thing_n it_o seem_v then_o that_o he_o can_v say_v one_o thing_n and_o suppose_v another_o if_o so_o i_o wish_v the_o defender_n will_v give_v we_o two_o catalogue_n one_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o he_o say_v and_o suppose_v to_o be_v true_a and_o another_o of_o those_o thing_n he_o say_v without_o suppose_v they_o to_o be_v true_a i_o hope_v in_o this_o last_o we_o shall_v find_v what_o be_v say_v in_o the_o seven_o 8_o and_o 9th_o chapter_n of_o the_o archaeologiae_fw-la concern_v the_o moysaicall_a account_n of_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o world_n its_o primitive_a state_n and_o the_o fall_v of_o man._n our_o next_o dispute_n be_v about_o the_o course_n of_o the_o vapour_n the_o theorist_n assert_v that_o it_o will_v be_v towards_o north_n and_o south_n now_o i_o prove_v that_o it_o will_v be_v from_o east_n to_o west_n because_o i_o demonstrate_v that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o continual_a wind_n blow_v that_o way_n in_o a_o earth_n where_o there_o be_v no_o mountain_n to_o change_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o wind_n just_a as_o it_o be_v now_o in_o the_o atlantic_a and_o pacisick_n ocean_n and_o see_v the_o vapour_n swim_v in_o a_o air_n of_o the_o same_o intensive_a gravity_n with_o themselves_o it_o be_v demonstrable_a that_o they_o must_v follow_v the_o motion_n of_o that_o air_n and_o be_v likewise_o carry_v from_o east_n to_o west_n the_o defender_n grant_v that_o their_o motion_n will_v be_v at_o first_o that_o way_n but_o say_v he_o the_o question_n here_o be_v where_o they_o will_v be_v condense_v or_o where_o they_o will_v fall_v i_o think_v it_o do_v not_o signify_v any_o thing_n where_o they_o fall_v for_o i_o be_o sure_a they_o will_v not_o fall_v or_o be_v condense_v in_o a_o place_n to_o which_o they_o be_v never_o carry_v that_o be_v towards_o either_o of_o the_o pole_n the_o theorist_n be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o the_o cold_a in_o the_o north_n and_o south_n part_v attract_v the_o vapour_n thither_o that_o be_v as_o he_o explain_v it_o make_v way_n for_o their_o motion_n and_o dilatation_n but_o because_o i_o show_v that_o this_o method_n savour_v a_o little_a of_o absurdity_n our_o theory-mender_n say_v that_o the_o vapour_n be_v divert_v towards_o north_n and_o south_n by_o a_o impulse_n of_o new_a vapour_n this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v as_o unnatural_a as_o the_o other_o for_o if_o the_o vapour_n be_v crowd_v on_o one_o another_o by_o their_o mutual_a impulse_n they_o will_v condense_a one_o another_o and_o fall_v down_o in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v crowd_v i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v impossible_a that_o a_o atom_n of_o vapour_n however_o impel_v shall_v make_v its_o way_n through_o a_o atmosphere_n of_o the_o same_o gravity_n with_o its_o self_n for_o some_o thousand_o of_o mile_n towards_o either_o of_o the_o pole_n when_o a_o stone_n which_o have_v some_o thousand_o time_n more_o density_n than_o vapour_n and_o consequent_o some_o thousand_o of_o time_n also_o more_o force_n to_o break_v the_o resistance_n of_o the_o medium_n if_o it_o be_v to_o move_v to_o eternity_n in_o the_o air_n yet_o it_o will_v never_o make_v any_o considerable_a way_n in_o the_o medium_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a loss_n of_o its_o motion_n it_o seem_v to_o contradict_v our_o sense_n to_o suppose_v that_o vapour_n can_v move_v through_o the_o air_n without_o suffer_v such_o a_o resistance_n as_o must_v condense_a they_o we_o observe_v that_o those_o vapour_n which_o be_v in_o the_o cloud_n when_o the_o air_n grow_v light_a begin_v to_o fall_v no_o doubt_n in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n but_o afterward_o suffer_v a_o considerable_a resistance_n from_o the_o air_n they_o be_v condense_v into_o drop_n of_o rain_n if_o then_o the_o resistance_n the_o vapour_n meet_v with_o for_o so_o small_a a_o way_n be_v sufficient_a to_o condense_a they_o be_v it_o not_o natural_o impossible_a that_o they_o shall_v travel_v some_o thousand_o of_o miles_n and_o not_o be_v condense_v till_o they_o arrive_v at_o the_o pole_n our_o author_n proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o consider_v the_o seven_o chapter_n of_o the_o examination_n and_o answer_v the_o argument_n that_o be_v bring_v against_o the_o theorist_n way_n of_o make_v a_o deluge_n it_o be_v suppose_v in_o the_o theory_n that_o after_o some_o age_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n must_v have_v pierce_v through_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o reach_v the_o abyss_n where_o it_o must_v have_v rarify_v the_o water_n there_o and_o raise_v a_o immense_a quantity_n of_o they_o into_o vapour_n these_o endeavour_v to_o expand_v themselves_o and_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o let_v they_o pass_v through_o will_v press_v upon_o the_o crust_n and_o break_v it_o into_o piece_n so_o that_o its_o fall_n upon_o the_o abyss_n will_v produce_v a_o universal_a deluge_n against_o this_o i_o object_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v reach_v far_o into_o the_o earth_n so_o as_o to_o perform_v any_o considerable_a effect_n since_o by_o observation_n it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o cave_n and_o vault_n there_o be_v not_o any_o sensible_a alteration_n of_o heat_n in_o summer_n and_o winter_n and_o therefore_o see_v that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v so_o little_a effect_n in_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v so_o near_o its_o surface_n how_o can_v any_o one_o imagine_v that_o it_o will_v have_v any_o upon_o the_o abyss_n which_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o thick_a crust_n but_o because_o this_o argument_n be_v propose_v in_o general_a term_n i_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v it_o to_o calculation_n in_o order_n to_o which_o i_o assume_v one_o postulatum_fw-la viz._n that_o few_o ray_n of_o heat_n pass_v to_o the_o abyss_n through_o the_o crust_n than_o if_o it_o have_v be_v compose_v of_o several_a surface_n at_o some_o considerable_a distance_n from_o one_o another_o suppose_n 10.20_o or_o 30._o foot_n every_o one_o of_o which_o reflect_v half_o the_o ray_n which_o fall_v upon_o they_o and_o transmit_v the_o other_o half_a '_o this_o i_o think_v be_v a_o postulatum_fw-la which_o every_o body_n will_v have_v grant_v and_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o much_o of_o the_o sun_n light_n and_o heat_n be_v diminish_v by_o a_o thin_a cloud_n of_o vapour_n place_v between_o it_o and_o we_o and_o how_o much_o light_n be_v reflect_v by_o the_o common_a air_n when_o it_o pass_v through_o it_o we_o can_v but_o own_o that_o the_o diminution_n of_o heat_n in_o
pass_v through_o every_o 20._o or_o 30._o foot_n of_o a_o solid_a crust_n must_v be_v at_o least_o the_o half_a of_o what_o fall_v upon_o it_o upon_o this_o supposition_n i_o show_v that_o if_o there_o be_v but_o one_o hundred_o of_o these_o surface_n the_o number_n of_o ray_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o first_o will_v be_v to_o the_o number_n of_o ray_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o last_o as_o 2_o 99_o to_o i_o or_o as_o the_o 99th_o power_n of_o 2._o to_o unity_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o we_o take_v the_o distance_n as_o the_o logarithm_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o each_o of_o these_o distance_n will_v be_v as_o the_o absolute_a number_n belong_v to_o these_o logarithm_n thus_o if_o a_o b_o represent_v the_o thickness_n of_o the_o crust_n a_o c_o the_o number_n of_o ray_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o surface_n at_o a_o d_o e_o the_o number_n of_o ray_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o surface_n at_o d_o and_o if_o we_o draw_v through_o the_o point_n c_o and_o e_o the_o logarithmick_n curve_v to_o the_o asymptote_n a_o b_o the_o applicate_v b_o f_o will_v represent_v the_o number_n of_o ray_n which_o will_v fall_v upon_o the_o surface_n at_o b_o which_o in_o our_o present_a case_n be_v vast_o less_o than_o ac_fw-la perhaps_o the_o defender_n will_v say_v that_o the_o ray_n be_v diminish_v in_o pass_v through_o a_o medium_n but_o yet_o he_o do_v not_o see_v how_o they_o shall_v be_v diminish_v in_o the_o proportion_n i_o have_v assign_v viz._n so_o that_o the_o applicate_v to_o the_o logarithmick_a curve_v be_v always_o as_o the_o quantity_n of_o ray_n which_o pass_v through_o well_o that_o he_o may_v see_v that_o this_o be_v not_o a_o precarious_a assumption_n i_o will_v give_v he_o my_o reason_n for_o it_o though_o this_o way_n of_o reason_v by_o a_o calculus_fw-la seem_v to_o be_v plain_a and_o obvious_a enough_o to_o those_o who_o understand_v the_o common_a principle_n of_o calculation_n which_o as_o i_o think_v aught_o to_o be_v unknown_a to_o none_o that_o pretend_v either_o to_o write_v or_o defend_v a_o theory_n as_o the_o theorist_n himself_o own_v yet_o the_o defender_n do_v whatever_o he_o can_v to_o find_v shist_n and_o evasion_n for_o such_o argument_n and_o here_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o consider_v surface_n but_o pore_n well_o that_o he_o may_v see_v how_o ready_a i_o be_o to_o please_v and_o obey_v he_o i_o have_v do_v this_o already_o in_o the_o 71._o page_z of_o this_o treatise_n where_o i_o have_v show_v that_o if_o the_o sun_n shine_v upon_o any_o surface_n that_o be_v expose_v open_o to_o it_o its_o heat_n on_o that_o surface_n will_v be_v 202500._o time_n great_a than_o its_o heat_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o abyss_n when_o it_o shine_v only_o through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o crust_n which_o disproportion_n be_v great_a enough_o to_o show_v that_o no_o great_a store_n of_o vapour_n can_v be_v rarify_v in_o the_o abyss_n but_o say_v he_o those_o that_o allow_v a_o comet_n at_o its_o near_a approach_n to_o the_o sun_n to_o be_v pierce_v through_o and_o through_o so_o as_o to_o become_v hot_a than_o red_a hot_a iron_n will_v not_o think_v it_o strange_a that_o at_o our_o distance_n it_o shall_v have_v some_o proportional_a effect_n upon_o the_o inward_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n let_v we_o illustrate_v his_o similitude_n by_o another_o those_o who_o allow_v that_o a_o ball_n of_o iron_n ten_o inch_n thick_a when_o put_v in_o a_o good_a fire_n may_v be_v make_v red_a hot_a and_o be_v pierce_v by_o the_o fire_n through_o and_o through_o will_v not_o think_v it_o strange_a that_o this_o ball_n of_o iron_n remove_v 10._o foot_n from_o the_o fire_n shall_v receive_v some_o proportionable_a heat_n even_o in_o its_o inward_a part_n as_o without_o doubt_v it_o will_v but_o the_o question_n be_v if_o this_o effect_n be_v any_o way_n sensible_a or_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v some_o water_n enclose_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o ball_n whether_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n can_v raise_v it_o into_o vapour_n at_o such_o a_o distance_n so_o that_o the_o force_n those_o vapour_n have_v to_o expand_v themselves_o will_v break_v or_o burst_v the_o ball_n i_o think_v that_o this_o gentleman_n have_v know_v so_o much_o of_o the_o new_a experimental_a philosophy_n as_o not_o to_o be_v ignorant_a that_o heat_n do_v not_o pass_v into_o the_o interior_a part_n of_o a_o solid_a of_o considerable_a thickness_n till_o it_o have_v quite_o dissolve_v the_o exterior_a part_n and_o if_o the_o solid_a be_v combustible_a as_o wood_n it_o consume_v the_o outward_a part_n before_o it_o have_v any_o sensible_a effect_n upon_o the_o interior_n but_o if_o its_o part_n be_v compact_v as_o metal_n or_o stone_n it_o loosen_v and_o dissolve_v the_o frame_n and_o texture_n of_o the_o outward_a part_n and_o so_o make_v its_o way_n to_o the_o inward_a but_o our_o philosopher_n think_v he_o have_v find_v out_o one_o remarkable_a phoenomenon_n by_o which_o he_o can_v prove_v effectual_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n peirce_v deep_a into_o the_o crust_n and_o that_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o earthquake_n he_o consider_v the_o cause_n of_o they_o and_o their_o depth_n and_o he_o say_v that_o all_o agree_v that_o they_o arise_v from_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n this_o rarefaction_n say_v he_o must_v be_v make_v by_o some_o heat_n and_o no_o other_o be_v prove_v to_o we_o yet_o by_o this_o author_n than_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n why_o shall_v i_o be_v oblige_v to_o satisfy_v he_o in_o all_o his_o difficulty_n in_o philosophy_n do_v ever_o i_o set_v up_o to_o be_v a_o theorist_n and_o give_v a_o account_n of_o all_o the_o phoenomena_fw-la of_o nature_n well_o but_o it_o seem_v he_o expect_v it_o from_o i_o and_o though_o i_o be_o no_o way_n oblige_v to_o it_o yet_o out_o of_o abundance_n of_o good_a nature_n i_o will_v give_v my_o opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n i_o think_v then_o that_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o vapour_n within_o the_o earth_n may_v arise_v from_o another_o heat_n than_o that_o of_o the_o sun_n we_o know_v that_o there_o be_v a_o actual_a fire_n which_o always_o burn_v in_o several_a place_n of_o it_o which_o sometime_o burst_v out_o and_o make_v a_o horrible_a eruption_n as_o in_o all_o vulcano_n and_o fiery_a mountain_n and_o why_o may_v not_o this_o fire_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o rarefaction_n this_o appear_v to_o be_v more_o probable_a because_o earthquake_n be_v most_o common_a in_o those_o place_n where_o these_o vulcanos_fw-la be_v as_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o sicily_n but_o suppose_v there_o be_v no_o actual_a fire_n under_o ground_n yet_o i_o be_o of_o the_o opinion_n that_o heat_n may_v arise_v from_o other_o cause_n than_o that_o of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o from_o a_o due_a mixture_n of_o some_o particle_n of_o matter_n with_o those_o of_o another_o sort_n there_o will_v arise_v a_o very_a considerable_a heat_n some_o place_n underground_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v exceed_o hot_a as_o some_o mine_n where_o there_o be_v a_o mixture_n of_o sulphureous_a nitrous_a and_o mineral_n principle_n the_o heat_n be_v so_o considerable_a that_o a_o man_n can_v easy_o endure_v it_o even_o in_o the_o extremity_n of_o winter_n there_o be_v other_o place_n so_o warm_a that_o the_o water_n that_o run_v through_o they_o will_v scald_v a_o man_n hand_n and_o may_v we_o not_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v some_o cavity_n deep_a underground_n where_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o the_o same_o frame_n and_o texture_n of_o part_n now_o if_o some_o sulphureous_a and_o nitrous_a exhalation_n shall_v be_v gather_v together_o within_o any_o of_o these_o cavity_n and_o by_o motion_n or_o any_o other_o accident_n they_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v kindle_v it_o be_v plain_a they_o will_v expand_v themselves_o rarify_v the_o air_n and_o make_v that_o concussion_n of_o the_o ground_n we_o usual_o observe_v in_o earthquake_n now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o these_o exhalation_n may_v be_v kindle_v without_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o observation_n that_o be_v daily_a to_o be_v make_v in_o our_o atmosphere_n where_o the_o sulphureous_a exhalation_n that_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n be_v kindle_v in_o the_o air_n when_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v not_o strong_a this_o be_v also_o observe_v of_o meteor_n which_o we_o common_o call_v fall_a star_n who_o matter_n be_v kindle_v in_o the_o nighttime_n when_o the_o immediate_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v have_v as_o little_a effect_n as_o it_o have_v within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o i_o hope_v this_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o safisfy_v he_o that_o earthquake_n may_v arise_v from_o
a_o examination_n of_o the_o reflection_n on_o the_o theory_n of_o the_o earth_n together_o with_o a_o defence_n of_o the_o remark_n on_o mr._n whiston_n new_a theory_n by_o j._n keill_n a._n m._n of_o ball._n coll._n oxon._n oxford_z print_v at_o the_o theater_n for_o henry_n clemens_n bookseller_n 1699._o imprimatur_fw-la will._n paynter_n vicecan_a oxon_n june_n 30._o 1699._o a_o examination_n of_o the_o reflection_n on_o the_o theory_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o defence_n of_o the_o theory_n which_o have_v be_v late_o publish_v in_o answer_n to_o my_o examination_n of_o it_o be_v style_v reflection_n on_o the_o theory_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o if_o its_o author_n have_v observe_v the_o title_n and_o make_v more_o reflection_n on_o the_o theory_n though_o few_o on_o the_o examiner_n he_o have_v act_v more_o like_o a_o true_a philosopher_n and_o perhaps_o may_v have_v save_v himself_o the_o labour_n of_o publish_v any_o thing_n more_o than_o a_o ingenuous_a acknowledgement_n of_o its_o error_n and_o i_o the_o trouble_n of_o a_o reply_n but_o since_o the_o reflecter_n have_v be_v please_v to_o follow_v another_o course_n i_o must_v take_v his_o work_n and_o consider_v it_o in_o the_o method_n it_o lie_v he_o first_o set_v down_o three_o proposition_n which_o he_o call_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o whole_a work_n viz._n that_o the_o primitive_a or_o antediluvian_n earth_n be_v of_o a_o different_a form_n from_o the_o present_a 2_o that_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o rise_v from_o a_o chaos_n be_v smooth_a regular_a and_o uniform_a without_o mountain_n and_o rock_n and_o without_o a_o open_a sea_n 3_o that_o the_o disruption_n of_o the_o abyss_n or_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o primeval_fw-fr earth_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o universal_a deluge_n to_o these_o he_o add_v a_o corollary_n draw_v from_o the_o primary_n proposition_n concern_v the_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o he_o say_v that_o the_o posture_n of_o the_o antediluvian_n earth_n or_o its_o axis_n be_v not_o oblique_a to_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o of_o the_o ecliptic_a as_o it_o be_v now_o but_o lay_v parallel_n to_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o perpendicular_a to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a these_o he_o make_v the_o only_a fundamental_a proposition_n of_o the_o theory_n though_o the_o theorist_n in_o his_o nine_o chapter_n book_n 2d._o make_v one_o more_o concern_v the_o oval_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o tell_v we_o that_o he_o who_o will_v attack_v it_o to_o the_o purpose_n must_v throw_v down_o in_o the_o first_o place_n these_o lead_a proposition_n and_o that_o if_o the_o examiner_n have_v take_v this_o method_n and_o confute_v the_o proof_n that_o be_v bring_v in_o confirmation_n of_o each_o of_o they_o he_o need_v have_v do_v no_o more_o but_o if_o instead_o of_o this_o a_o loose_a stone_n be_v only_o pick_v out_o here_o and_o there_o or_o a_o pinnacle_n strike_v off_o it_o will_v not_o weaken_v the_o foundation_n i_o can_v imagine_v how_o this_o author_n can_v assert_v that_o i_o have_v not_o follow_v this_o method_n in_o refute_v the_o theory_n for_o if_o these_o he_o have_v mention_v be_v the_o substantial_a and_o vital_a part_n i_o have_v examine_v every_o one_o of_o they_o as_o will_v plain_o appear_v to_o any_o one_o who_o will_v read_v the_o examination_n so_o that_o what_o he_o have_v say_v of_o i_o in_o another_o case_n may_v be_v very_o well_o apply_v to_o himself_o that_o either_o he_o never_o read_v over_o or_o do_v not_o remember_v or_o which_o be_v still_o worse_o do_v wilful_o misrepresent_v what_o i_o have_v write_v on_o this_o subject_n the_o design_n of_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o examination_n be_v not_o as_o this_o defender_n imagine_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o deluge_n may_v have_v be_v make_v by_o a_o miracle_n but_o to_o answer_v the_o general_a argument_n which_o the_o theorist_n with_o a_o boldness_n little_o become_v a_o divine_a bring_v for_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o theory_n viz._n i._n viz._n english_a theory_n ch._n 7._o book_n i._n that_o it_o can_v be_v make_v no_o other_o way_n and_o therefore_o his_o method_n be_v the_o only_a way_n possible_a be_v the_o real_a one_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o i_o think_v it_o possible_a the_o deluge_n may_v come_v by_o a_o miracle_n and_o that_o god_n almighty_n be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n thereof_o the_o scripture_n have_v give_v we_o such_o a_o account_n of_o it_o in_o these_o emphatical_a term_n gen._n 6.17_o behold_v say_v god_n i_o even_o i_o do_v bring_v a_o flood_n of_o water_n upon_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o defender_n be_v displease_v because_o i_o do_v not_o tell_v he_o wherein_o this_o miracle_n consist_v the_o truth_n be_v i_o never_o think_v it_o my_o business_n to_o explain_v miracle_n and_o i_o wish_v no_o theorist_n or_o philosopher_n have_v set_v up_o for_o it_o i_o shall_v be_v well_o content_v to_o find_v in_o their_o writing_n a_o mechanical_a and_o easy_a account_n of_o the_o common_a and_o ordinary_a phoenomena_fw-la of_o nature_n but_o it_o seem_v this_o author_n will_v not_o be_v satisfy_v unless_o i_o tell_v he_o how_o the_o increase_n of_o water_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n be_v make_v on_o the_o earth_n i_o answer_v that_o according_a to_o the_o scripture_n some_o of_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v from_o the_o great_a deep_a and_o sustain_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o omnipotence_n a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o descend_v by_o forty_o day_n continual_a rain_n the_o water_n which_o occasion_v this_o rain_n be_v either_o new_o create_v or_o rise_v from_o other_o matter_n turn_v into_o that_o element_n or_o bring_v from_o some_o other_o place_n best_o know_v to_o the_o divine_a omniscience_n which_o of_o all_o these_o three_o method_n be_v use_v i_o will_v not_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o determine_v but_o i_o think_v it_o may_v have_v be_v do_v by_o any_o of_o they_o notwithstanding_o the_o reason_n allege_v in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o chapter_n of_o the_o theory_n which_o this_o author_n think_v i_o oblige_v to_o answer_v it_o seem_v he_o think_v they_o very_o strong_a and_o convince_a though_o when_o i_o write_v the_o examination_n i_o think_v they_o so_o weak_a and_o precarious_a that_o it_o will_v not_o be_v worth_a while_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o they_o i._n they_o english_a theory_n ch._n 3._o book_n i._n the_o argument_n against_o a_o creation_n of_o water_n be_v found_v on_o a_o notorious_o false_a notion_n of_o the_o cartesian_a philosophy_n viz._n that_o matter_n and_o space_n be_v the_o same_o according_a to_o which_o principle_n it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o understand_v how_o either_o creation_n or_o annihilation_n can_v be_v possible_a nor_o do_v i_o think_v the_o argument_n against_o transmutation_n of_o air_n or_o other_o body_n into_o water_n of_o great_a force_n than_o the_o former_a for_o if_o all_o body_n be_v only_o different_a in_o their_o modification_n motion_n and_o figure_n i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n why_o any_o body_n may_v not_o be_v change_v and_o put_v on_o the_o form_n of_o another_o and_o therefore_o if_o according_a to_o the_o theorist_n principle_n there_o be_v no_o vacuity_n in_o nature_n not_o only_o the_o air_n may_v be_v change_v into_o water_n but_o also_o all_o the_o subtle_a matter_n which_o fill_v its_o pore_n and_o according_a to_o this_o principle_n of_o a_o plenum_fw-la that_o subtle_a matter_n will_v make_v as_o much_o water_n as_o if_o the_o same_o bulk_n of_o absolute_o solid_a matter_n be_v transform_v the_o defender_n allege_v that_o if_o i_o proceed_v upon_o such_o water_n as_o be_v already_o in_o be_v and_o make_v they_o either_o supercelestial_a or_o subterranneous_a i_o must_v tell_v he_o what_o these_o water_n be_v and_o must_v answer_v such_o objection_n as_o be_v bring_v against_o either_o sort_n in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o chapter_n of_o the_o theory_n if_o he_o mean_v that_o i_o shall_v tell_v he_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o water_n and_o of_o what_o sort_n it_o be_v i_o answer_v that_o it_o may_v be_v common_a water_n for_o that_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o drown_v the_o world_n but_o if_o he_o design_n that_o i_o shall_v tell_v he_o from_o what_o place_n it_o be_v bring_v and_o how_o it_o come_v there_o i_o must_v own_o i_o know_v not_o for_o to_o answer_v the_o question_n which_o he_o make_v in_o another_o place_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v all_o over_o the_o universe_n to_o make_v observation_n nor_o have_v i_o have_v any_o revelation_n make_v i_o it_o be_v enough_o both_o for_o he_o and_o i_o to_o suppose_v this_o water_n like_o common_a water_n and_o that_o it_o be_v bring_v upon_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o power_n of_o god_n the_o argument_n which_o the_o
theorist_n bring_v against_o the_o possibility_n of_o any_o such_o water_n be_v sufficient_o answer_v in_o the_o 30_o and_o 31st_o page_n of_o the_o examination_n after_o this_o the_o defender_n pass_v to_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o examination_n where_o i_o find_v he_o have_v but_o little_a to_o say_v to_o the_o argument_n though_o he_o will_v fain_o have_v they_o appear_v small_a and_o trivial_a i_o affirm_v in_o that_o chapter_n that_o most_o of_o those_o body_n which_o compose_v the_o outward_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v heavy_a than_o water_n and_o by_o consequence_n must_v descend_v both_o through_o the_o oil_n and_o water_n also_o and_o that_o though_o small_a grain_n of_o dust_n specifical_o heavy_a than_o oil_n if_o throw_v upon_o it_o will_v not_o descend_v because_o of_o its_o tenacity_n yet_o if_o the_o weight_n of_o these_o particle_n chance_v to_o be_v increase_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o more_o they_o must_v fall_v down_o to_o this_o he_o make_v answer_v 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descent_n will_v be_v inconsiderable_a but_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o will_v arise_v from_o their_o fall_n on_o other_o particle_n which_o be_v also_o descend_v though_o not_o so_o fast_o by_o which_o though_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o swift_a body_n will_v be_v diminish_v yet_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o motion_n the_o momentum_fw-la or_o quantity_n of_o motion_n of_o both_o body_n take_v together_o will_v remain_v the_o same_o and_o by_o consequence_n their_o force_n upon_o the_o oily_a orb_n will_v be_v also_o the_o same_o i_o know_v no_o way_n the_o theorist_n can_v take_v to_o answer_v these_o objection_n but_o by_o suppose_v that_o the_o creation_n be_v neither_o in_o spring_n summer_n nor_o autumn_n as_o be_v common_o suppose_v but_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o winter_n when_o both_o the_o watery_a and_o oily_a orb_n be_v freeze_v and_o have_v consistence_n enough_o to_o sustain_v these_o particle_n till_o they_o be_v form_v into_o a_o solid_a arch_n able_a to_o 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have_v deduce_v it_o pure_o from_o natural_a cause_n and_o the_o necessary_a law_n of_o mechanism_n now_o if_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o a_o chaotick_a state_n do_v of_o necessity_n form_n and_o settle_v itself_o into_o a_o habitable_a earth_n from_o the_o sole_a necessary_a principle_n of_o mechanism_n and_o gravitation_n as_o the_o theorist_n have_v deduce_v it_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v how_o this_o opinion_n differ_v from_o the_o epicurean_a which_o the_o theorist_n so_o deserve_o deride_v i_o know_v the_o theorist_n talk_v very_o much_o of_o providence_n both_o ordinary_a and_o extraordinary_a and_o make_v most_o excellent_a discourse_n against_o the_o epicurean_o for_o deny_v of_o it_o which_o i_o be_v so_o far_o from_o not_o read_v or_o forget_v or_o even_o wilful_o misrepresent_v that_o i_o transcribe_v some_o of_o they_o in_o the_o examination_n as_o a_o argument_n against_o his_o own_o theory_n it_o be_v a_o common_a thing_n with_o theorist_n and_o 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inhabitant_n of_o our_o earth_n or_o how_o do_v he_o know_v that_o there_o be_v any_o at_o all_o there_o it_o seem_v this_o gentleman_n be_v mighty_a in_o love_n with_o jupiter_n and_o its_o inhabitant_n what_o degree_n of_o nobility_n and_o dignity_n it_o have_v obtain_v i_o know_v not_o yet_o if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o most_o pleasant_a country_n house_n in_o all_o jupiter_n so_o far_o i_o dare_v vouch_v that_o he_o will_v not_o be_v please_v with_o his_o habitation_n but_o will_v desire_v to_o change_v and_o come_v down_o again_o to_o his_o old_a rocky_a mountainous_a planet_n the_o earth_n and_o rather_o than_o stay_v there_o he_o will_v be_v content_v to_o live_v in_o lapland_n i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o that_o the_o present_a position_n of_o jupiter_n be_v very_o fit_a and_o well_o suit_v to_o the_o nature_n and_o temper_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n plant_n and_o vegetable_n if_o there_o be_v any_o there_o but_o what_o be_v sit_v and_o commodious_a for_o they_o may_v be_v 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position_n in_o which_o god_n have_v put_v the_o earth_n be_v more_o suitable_a and_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o frame_n of_o our_o animal_n and_o plant_n than_o any_o other_o and_o especial_o than_o that_o which_o the_o theorist_n assign_v to_o the_o primitive_a earth_n i_o be_o sure_a that_o several_a divine_n have_v assert_v this_o and_o be_v never_o think_v by_o such_o a_o assertion_n to_o prescribe_v to_o god_n almighty_n what_o be_v best_a to_o be_v do_v i_o censure_v the_o theorist_n indeed_o for_o inquire_v into_o physical_a cause_n when_o there_o be_v none_o that_o can_v be_v know_v and_o neglect_v the_o final_a one_o which_o be_v the_o only_a real_a principle_n by_o which_o the_o question_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v for_o as_o i_o show_v in_o the_o examination_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o can_v be_v assign_v why_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v have_v one_o position_n more_o than_o another_o the_o two_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n round_o the_o 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that_o world_n when_o from_o the_o wisdom_n and_o contrivance_n of_o what_o be_v already_o do_v we_o argue_v that_o it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v do_v in_o a_o better_a manner_n he_o go_v on_o and_o say_v that_o some_o man_n cry_v out_o mighty_o against_o reason_n and_o yet_o none_o be_v more_o fond_a of_o it_o than_o they_o when_o they_o can_v get_v it_o on_o their_o side_n some_o man_n inveigh_v against_o physical_a cause_n when_o other_o use_v they_o and_o yet_o as_o glad_o as_o any_o make_v use_v of_o they_o when_o they_o can_v make_v they_o serve_v their_o purpose_n and_o when_o they_o can_v reach_v they_o they_o despise_v they_o and_o be_v all_o for_o final_a cause_n i_o never_o know_v any_o that_o cry_v down_o either_o reason_n or_o physical_a cause_n when_o they_o be_v plain_a and_o obvious_a but_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o there_o be_v some_o that_o be_v displease_v with_o the_o reason_n and_o cause_n that_o be_v assign_v by_o a_o set_v of_o philosopher_n who_o think_v 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change_v from_o a_o perpendicular_a into_o the_o present_a oblique_a posture_n but_o instead_o of_o those_o he_o only_o quote_v some_o philosopher_n that_o do_v not_o live_v within_o some_o thousand_o of_o year_n of_o the_o time_n when_o this_o change_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v make_v what_o credit_n be_v there_o to_o be_v give_v to_o such_o a_o tradition_n can_v we_o imagine_v that_o there_o can_v be_v any_o thing_n certain_o know_v from_o author_n that_o live_v so_o long_o after_o the_o time_n of_o this_o change_n especial_o when_o these_o man_n have_v say_v a_o thousand_o other_o thing_n that_o neither_o the_o theorist_n nor_o any_o body_n else_o can_v believe_v and_o yet_o if_o we_o consider_v what_o they_o have_v say_v we_o shall_v find_v it_o but_o very_o little_a to_o his_o purpose_n diogenes_n
circle_n that_o have_v the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o their_o axis_n for_o they_o do_v so_o now_o and_o must_v do_v so_o whatever_o position_n the_o earth_n obtain_v if_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n be_v only_o apparent_a and_o cause_v by_o the_o real_a rotation_n of_o the_o earth_n round_o its_o axis_n i_o fancy_v therefore_o that_o by_o a_o concentrical_a motion_n he_o mean_v if_o he_o mean_v any_o thing_n that_o which_o be_v perform_v in_o a_o circle_n which_o have_v the_o same_o centre_n that_o the_o earth_n have_v as_o the_o word_n imply_v and_o i_o be_o confirm_v in_o the_o opinion_n that_o this_o or_o some_o other_o strange_a thing_n be_v mean_v by_o this_o word_n because_o the_o theorist_n in_o his_o archaeolog_n assert_n that_o in_o his_o primitive_a earth_n all_o its_o inhabitant_n will_v be_v ascii_n that_o be_v they_o will_v have_v no_o shadow_n at_o twelve_o of_o the_o clock_n or_o they_o will_v have_v the_o sun_n vertical_a to_o they_o at_o that_o time_n 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a_o hill_n to_o have_v that_o plain_a for_o his_o horizon_n which_o touch_v the_o side_n of_o the_o hill_n in_o the_o point_n of_o his_o station_n thus_o i_o think_v i_o have_v plain_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v no_o certain_a way_n to_o determine_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o observation_n of_o a_o degree_n take_v in_o several_a latitude_n yet_o i_o have_v show_v that_o if_o either_o the_o theorist_n or_o his_o defender_n will_v depend_v upon_o those_o observation_n which_o be_v already_o make_v we_o must_v conclude_v from_o their_o own_o principle_n by_o evident_a demonstration_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o a_o very_a different_a figure_n from_o what_o they_o assign_v it_o the_o next_o way_n the_o theorist_n will_v take_v to_o determine_v the_o earth_n figure_n be_v by_o its_o shadow_n upon_o the_o moon_n but_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o prove_v this_o way_n as_o uncertain_a as_o the_o other_o for_o let_v we_o suppose_v as_o we_o have_v do_v already_o that_o the_o 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part_n of_o a_o minute_n that_o be_v in_o our_o present_a case_n one_o diameter_n of_o the_o shadow_n will_v appear_v under_o a_o great_a angle_n than_o the_o other_o by_z 9_o 10_o part_n of_o a_o minute_n now_o by_o experience_n we_o find_v that_o any_o object_n that_o appear_v under_o a_o angle_n that_o be_v less_o than_o a_o minute_n be_v see_v as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o point_n it_o be_v therefore_o plain_a that_o if_o there_o be_v a_o lucid_a body_n who_o disk_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o receive_v the_o whole_a shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o we_o can_v observe_v no_o sensible_a difference_n between_o the_o length_n of_o its_o diameter_n but_o if_o this_o lucid_a body_n have_v its_o disk_n but_o just_a big_a enough_o to_o receive_v a_o 1_o 8_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n shadow_n as_o it_o real_o be_v in_o the_o moon_n it_o be_v most_o evident_a that_o we_o can_v not_o determine_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o shadow_n near_o so_o nice_o as_o in_o the_o former_a case_n we_o see_v 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may_v find_v several_a hundred_o of_o people_n that_o can_v tell_v he_o that_o there_o be_v other_o cause_v find_v for_o the_o celestial_a motion_n than_o the_o vortices_fw-la which_o will_v easy_o explain_v all_o those_o phoenomena_fw-la he_o have_v just_a now_o mention_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o planet_n move_v in_o elliptical_a orbit_n be_v now_o discover_v it_o be_v know_v why_o they_o move_v swift_a at_o their_o perihelia_n and_o slow_a at_o their_o aphelia_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o procession_n of_o the_o equinox_n be_v now_o no_o long_o a_o mystery_n and_o which_o be_v for_o our_o purpose_n it_o depend_v upon_o principle_n that_o ruin_v the_o theorist_n figure_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o assert_v the_o direct_a contrary_n make_v it_o in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o broad_a spheroid_fw-fr the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n apogeon_n forward_o and_o of_o its_o nodes_fw-la backward_o its_o variation_n and_o all_o its_o other_o motion_n be_v easy_o account_v for_o by_o the_o same_o 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of_o the_o same_o figure_n will_v be_v so_o likewise_o and_o thus_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v prove_v that_o whether_o we_o suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o have_v be_v at_o first_o entire_o fluid_a or_o to_o have_v be_v compose_v of_o part_n some_o solid_a and_o some_o fluid_a that_o from_o either_o of_o these_o supposition_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o what_o the_o theorist_n assign_v but_o say_v our_o author_n if_o the_o earth_n be_v from_o the_o begin_n in_o this_o present_a form_n firm_a and_o solid_a as_o it_o be_v now_o rocky_a and_o mountainous_a than_o the_o question_n be_v how_o the_o part_n or_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n about_o the_o equator_fw-la can_v be_v raise_v above_o a_o spherical_a figure_n or_o into_o a_o oblate_a spheroid_fw-fr suppose_v then_o the_o water_n raise_v by_o the_o circumvolution_n of_o the_o earth_n how_o be_v the_o terra_fw-la firma_fw-la raise_v or_o how_o can_v it_o be_v raise_v by_o that_o or_o any_o such_o cause_n these_o question_n say_v he_o be_v no_o matter_n of_o difficulty_n to_o the_o theorist_n who_o suppose_v the_o first_o earth_n to_o have_v cover_v the_o water_n and_o to_o have_v take_v their_o shape_n whatever_o it_o be_v as_o upon_o a_o mould_n however_o easy_a they_o may_v be_v to_o the_o theorist_n i_o assure_v he_o that_o they_o be_v much_o easy_a to_o i_o who_o suppose_v that_o god_n almighty_n raise_v the_o land_n at_o the_o beginning_n when_o he_o form_v the_o earth_n into_o the_o figure_n it_o have_v at_o present_a which_o otherwise_o can_v never_o have_v rise_v of_o its_o self_n the_o dry_a land_n therefore_o be_v raise_v and_o form_v into_o a_o spheroidical_a figure_n by_o its_o wise_a creator_n on_o purpose_n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v overflow_v by_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o equator_fw-la which_o as_o i_o have_v prove_v must_v of_o necessity_n have_v be_v high_a there_o than_o at_o the_o pole_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o land_n at_o the_o equator_fw-la have_v remain_v in_o a_o spherical_a figure_n no_o high_a than_o that_o which_o be_v at_o the_o pole_n the_o sea_n must_v of_o necessity_n have_v rise_v above_o it_o and_o spread_v its_o self_n upon_o it_o like_o a_o inundation_n it_o be_v therefore_o wise_o order_v by_o the_o divine_a providence_n that_o not_o only_o the_o sea_n but_o the_o land_n also_o shall_v be_v form_v into_o a_o broad_a spheroidical_a figure_n on_o purpose_n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v overflow_v with_o water_n that_o the_o reader_n may_v observe_v the_o theorist_n great_a skill_n in_o draw_v of_o consequence_n and_o how_o well_o his_o oval-figured_a earth_n be_v support_v with_o reason_n i_o give_v they_o his_o argument_n thus_o all_o body_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n diurnal_a rotation_n do_v endeavour_n to_o recede_v from_o the_o axis_n of_o their_o motion_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o straitness_n of_o the_o orb_n they_o can_v recede_v from_o 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will_v follow_v from_o my_o own_o word_n but_o not_o from_o those_o of_o the_o theorist_n i_o own_o that_o i_o change_v the_o word_n centre_n into_o axis_n not_o careless_o but_o wilful_o with_o a_o design_n not_o of_o make_v it_o nonsense_n but_o better_a sense_n than_o it_o be_v before_o for_o we_o never_o say_v that_o a_o sphere_n turn_v round_o about_o its_o own_o centre_n for_o that_o will_v be_v plain_a nonsense_n indeed_o but_o round_o about_o its_o own_o axis_n for_o we_o can_v so_o proper_o say_v that_o a_o body_n move_v round_o a_o centre_n as_o round_o a_o axis_n unless_o we_o abstract_n from_o its_o magnitude_n and_o conceive_v it_o as_o a_o point_n the_o reason_n be_v plain_a for_o when_o any_o body_n revolve_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o every_o point_n of_o it_o which_o do_v not_o lie_v in_o the_o plane_n of_o another_o point_v orbit_n must_v describe_v a_o different_a periphery_n which_o must_v have_v also_o a_o different_a centre_n so_o that_o all_o those_o centre_n be_v place_v in_o one_o line_n which_o be_v therefore_o call_v the_o axis_n of_o the_o body_n motion_n about_o which_o body_n be_v say_v to_o revolve_v much_o more_o proper_o than_o about_o a_o centre_n however_o this_o author_n say_v that_o by_o change_v the_o word_n centre_n into_o axis_n of_o plain_a sense_n i_o have_v make_v nonsense_n this_o gentleman_n seem_v to_o be_v so_o extreme_o paradoxical_a that_o i_o have_v often_o suspect_v he_o must_v have_v a_o different_a method_n of_o judge_v what_o be_v sense_n or_o nonsense_n from_o other_o people_n if_o he_o have_v it_o it_o be_v but_o fair_a to_o show_v it_o that_o we_o may_v know_v when_o thing_n will_v be_v agreeable_a to_o his_o criterion_n or_o when_o they_o will_v not_o if_o he_o think_v it_o nonsense_n to_o say_v that_o body_n do_v endeavour_v to_o recede_v from_o the_o axis_n of_o their_o motion_n it_o be_v my_o comfort_n to_o have_v some_o good_a mathematician_n on_o my_o side_n who_o think_v otherwise_o i_o need_v only_o mention_v one_o of_o they_o who_o very_a name_n be_v enough_o to_o defend_v i_o viz._n the_o great_a geometer_n and_o philosopher_n of_o the_o age_n who_o use_v this_o way_n of_o speak_v very_o often_o in_o his_o philisophiae_n naturalis_fw-la principia_fw-la mathematica_fw-la for_o which_o he_o needs_o go_v no_o further_o than_o page_n 8._o where_n it_o be_v say_v gyrantium_fw-la part_n omnes_fw-la conantur_fw-la recedere_fw-la ab_fw-la axe_n motus_fw-la but_o however_o let_v we_o reassume_v the_o word_n centre_n and_o see_v if_o the_o argument_n will_v appear_v more_o plausible_a or_o seem_v to_o conclude_v better_a than_o it_o do_v by_o use_v the_o word_n axis_n all_o body_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n diurnal_a rotation_n do_v endeavour_n to_o recede_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o their_o motion_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o straitness_n of_o the_o orb_n they_o can_v recede_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o their_o motion_n therefore_o they_o will_v go_v towards_o the_o pole_n and_o move_v in_o a_o circle_n where_o they_o will_v be_v near_o the_o centre_n of_o their_o motion_n i_o hope_v i_o have_v not_o now_o change_v his_o word_n but_o have_v deliver_v his_o true_a meaning_n i_o leave_v the_o reader_n to_o judge_v if_o it_o be_v not_o excellent_o well_o conclude_v and_o if_o the_o connexion_n be_v not_o so_o evident_a that_o it_o need_v no_o comment_n to_o make_v it_o out_o now_o suppose_v that_o the_o theorist_n have_v reason_v well_o all_o this_o time_n about_o the_o earth_n and_o have_v deduce_v its_o true_a figure_n from_o its_o true_a cause_n yet_o i_o demonstrate_v that_o all_o this_o will_v not_o make_v rivers_n run_v from_o the_o pole_n to_o the_o equator_fw-la for_o a_o reason_n that_o i_o will_v take_v the_o liberty_n here_o to_o repeat_v that_o we_o may_v compare_v it_o with_o the_o defender_n answer_v the_o demonstration_n be_v this_o the_o defender_n think_v he_o have_v transcribe_v this_o reason_n very_o brief_o thus_o 56._o pag._n 55_o 56._o the_o same_o cause_n which_o cast_v the_o abyss_n or_o the_o ocean_n towards_o the_o pole_n will_v also_o keep_v the_o river_n from_o descend_v from_o the_o pole_n and_o then_o he_o answer_v that_o there_o be_v no_o parity_n of_o reason_n betwixt_o the_o abyss_n or_o the_o ocean_n and_o the_o river_n we_o see_v say_v he_o in_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o ocean_n it_o have_v not_o that_o effect_n upon_o river_n nor_o upon_o lake_n nor_o upon_o lesser_a sea_n yet_o the_o circumrotation_n of_o the_o earth_n continue_v the_o same_o he_o add_v that_o my_o confound_v the_o ocean_n and_o rivers_n in_o the_o antediluvian_n earth_n be_v so_o much_o the_o worse_o see_v there_o never_o be_v a_o ocean_n and_o river_n together_o in_o that_o earth_n while_o say_v he_o there_o be_v a_o open_a ocean_n there_o be_v no_o river_n and_o when_o there_o be_v no_o river_n there_o be_v no_o open_a ocean_n but_o a_o enclose_a abyss_n he_o conclude_v at_o last_o that_o though_o i_o make_v large_a transcript_n there_o and_o elsewhere_o out_o of_o the_o theory_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o seem_v always_o to_o have_v well_o digi_v the_o method_n of_o it_o i_o hope_v the_o reader_n will_v observe_v how_o unfair_o this_o author_n be_v please_v to_o deal_v with_o i_o for_o in_o all_o the_o argument_n i_o have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o once_o mention_v the_o ocean_n but_o the_o demonstration_n be_v universal_a and_o reach_v all_o sort_n of_o body_n whether_o they_o be_v in_o the_o abyss_n or_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n my_o word_n be_v that_o whatever_o body_n either_o fluid_a or_o solid_a if_o bring_v and_o lay_v upon_o the_o furface_n at_o b_o be_v draw_v or_o push_v with_o the_o same_o accelerate_a force_n that_o the_o first_o fluid_n have_v which_o be_v constitute_v at_o b_o the_o same_o cause_n continue_v to_o act_v upon_o both_o they_o will_v rest_v there_o also_o and_o not_o descend_v to_o the_o equator_fw-la where_o be_v it_o now_o that_o i_o have_v confound_v the_o ocean_n with_o the_o river_n or_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n in_o these_o word_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o i_o have_v not_o digest_v the_o method_n of_o the_o theory_n there_o be_v one_o of_o this_o author_n acquaintance_n that_o be_v please_v to_o tell_v we_o that_o disingenuity_n in_o examine_v the_o write_n of_o another_o person_n fall_v more_o heavy_a in_o the_o construction_n of_o fair_a reader_n upon_o he_o that_o use_v they_o than_o upon_o he_o that_o suffer_v they_o if_o it_o be_v so_o last_o reslection_n pag._n last_v line_n last_o this_o gentleman_n may_v easy_o know_v what_o these_o reader_n will_v think_v of_o he_o however_o it_o seem_v he_o think_v that_o though_o none_o of_o the_o water_n return_v to_o the_o equator_fw-la while_o the_o earth_n be_v at_o first_o fluid_n and_o have_v put_v on_o its_o oval-shape_n yet_o when_o the_o first_o concretion_n be_v settle_v upon_o it_o whatever_o water_n be_v after_o that_o upon_o its_o surface_n will_v then_o descend_v towards_o the_o equator_fw-la why_o so_o i_o pray_v what_o reason_n do_v he_o give_v for_o this_o have_v not_o the_o fluid_a which_o lie_v at_o b_o the_o very_a same_o cause_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o descend_v to_o the_o equator_fw-la that_o it_o have_v before_o when_o the_o earth_n surface_n be_v all_o fluid_a be_v not_o there_o the_o same_o diurnal_a rotation_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o same_o time_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o same_o centrifugal_a force_n be_v there_o not_o the_o same_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o the_o same_o straitness_n of_o the_o orb_n that_o be_v before_o and_o in_o a_o word_n every_o thing_n the_o same_o that_o keep_v it_o from_o descend_v in_o the_o former_a case_n will_v also_o preserve_v it_o in_o this_o in_o the_o same_o position_n what_o reason_n then_o can_v this_o author_n give_v we_o for_o this_o assertion_n indeed_o he_o offer_v we_o none_o if_o he_o have_v any_o he_o keep_v it_o as_o a_o secret_a which_o it_o seem_v he_o will_v not_o communicate_v but_o to_o his_o friend_n i_o think_v he_o will_v do_v well_o to_o keep_v it_o secret_a for_o ever_o but_o though_o he_o will_v neither_o show_v we_o his_o own_o reason_n nor_o answer_n i_o yet_o that_o we_o may_v not_o be_v altogether_o dissatisfy_v he_o be_v please_v to_o give_v we_o a_o similitude_n to_o explain_v it_o 56._o pag._n 55_o 56._o we_o see_v say_v he_o in_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o ocean_n let_v the_o cause_n be_v what_o it_o will_v it_o have_v not_o that_o effect_n upon_o river_n nor_o upon_o lake_n nor_o upon_o lesser_a sea_n yet_o the_o circumrotation_n of_o the_o earth_n continue_v the_o same_o be_v there_o any_o parity_n of_o reason_n here_o between_o the_o flux_n and_o