Greekes call Sciographie or Sâ—enographie Fourthly and lastly Geographie is distinguished from Chorographie in that the former considering chiefly the quantity measure figure site proportion of places as well in respect one of the other as of the Heauens requires necessary helps of the Sciences Mathematicall chiefly of Arithmeticke Geometrie and Astronomie without which a Geographer would shew himselfe euery-where lame impotent being not able to wade thorough the least part of his profession whereas a man altogether vnpractised in those faculties might obtaine a competent knowledge in Chorography As we find by experience some altogether ignorant in the Mathematicks who can to some content of their hearers Topographically and Historically discourse of Countries as they haue read of in books or obserued in their trauaile Notwithstanding all these differences assigned by Ptolomie I see no great reason why Chorography should not bee referred to Geography as a part to the whole forasmuch as the obiects on which hee hath grounded his distinction differ only as a generall and a speciall which being not opposite but subordinate as the Logicians vse to speake cânnot make two distinct Sciences but are reduced to one and the selfe-same at least the differences thus assigned will not be Essentiall but Accidentall Wherfore my scope in this Treatise shall bee to ioyne them both together in the same so far forth as my Art and leisure shall be able to descend to particulars which being in Chorographie almost infinite wil not all seeme alike necessary in the description of the vniuersall Globe of the Earth The name of Geographie thus distinguished wee define it to be a Science which teacheth the Measure and Description of the whole Earth It is properly tearmed a Science because it proposeth to it selfe no other end but knowledge whereas those faculties are commonly tearmed Arts which are not contented with a bare knowledge or speculation but are directed to some farther worke or action But here a doubt seemes to arise whether this Science be to be esteemed Physicall or Mathematicall Wee answer that in a Science two things are to bee considered first the matter or obiect whereabout it is conuersant secondly the manner of handling and explication For the former no doubt can bee made but that the obiect in Geographie is for the most part Physicall consisting of the parts whereof the Spheare is composed but for the manner of Explication it is not pure but mixt as in the former part Mathematicall in the second rather Historicall whence the whole Science may be alike tearmed Mathematical Historicall not in respect of the Subiect which we haue said to be Physicall but in the manner of Explication For the obiect of Geographie as we haue intimated is the whole Globe of the Earth where we are to obserue that the Earth may bee considered 3 manner of wayes First as it is an Element out of which mixt Bodies are in part compounded In which sense it appertaines to Naturall Philosophie whose office is to treat of all naturall bodies their principles and proprieties Secondly as it is supposed to be the center of heauenly motions and so it is vndertaken by Astronomers Thirdly according to its Sphaericall superficies as it is proposed to bee measured or described in which manner it is the subiect of Geographie so far forth as the parts of it haue a diuerse situation as well in regard one of another as in respect of the Heauens Which restriction although agreeing well to some part of it will hardly square with all the rest because many things herein are handled besides the Earths naturall site or position as hereafter shall be taught For which cause wee haue rather defined the subiect of Geographie to bee the Earth so far as it is to bee measured and described as wanting one word to expresse the whole manner of consideration 2 Geographie consists of 2 parts the Sphericall and Topicall The Sphericall part is that which teacheth the naturall constitution of the Terrestriall Spheare The common and receiued diuision of this Science amongst Geographers is into the Generall or vniuersall part and the speciall Which diuision I dare not vtterly reiect being strengthened with the authority of ancient and approued Authors Yet seems it more aptly to be applyed to the Historicall part then to the whole Science as we shall after make apparant In the mean time the diuision of it into Sphericall Topicall parts seemes to be preferred in reason Forasmuch as the Terrestriall Globe which we suppose to be the subiect of the Science is proposed to vs vnder a twofold consideration first in regard of the Mathematicall lineaments and circles whereof the Spheare is imagined to consist out of which wee collect the figure quantity site and due proportion of the Earth and its parts Secondly of the places Historically noted and designed out vnto vs by certaine names markes and characters The former receiueth greatest light from Astronomie whence some haue called it the Astronomicall part The later from Philosophie and Historicall obseruation being as we haue said a mixt Science taking part of diuers faculties 3 The Terrestriall Spheare is a globous or round Body comprehended within the superficies of the Earth and Wateâ— Some haue nicely distinguished betwixt a Spheare an Orbe that a Spheare is a round massie body contained in one surface which is conuexe or outward as a Bowle The other concaue or hollow in manner of an Egge-shell emptyed But this distinction seemes too curious as sauouring to much of Scholasticall subtility because the name of Orbe and Spheare are many times promiscuously vsed without difference amongst good Writers This Spheare which wee make the subiect of our Science wee call Terrestriall not because it consists meerely of Earth the contrary of which wee shall hereafter shew but because the Earth is the chiefest in the composition whence by a tropicall kind of speech the whole Globe may bee called Terrestriall 4 The handling of the Terrestriall Spheare is is either Primary or Secundary The Primary consists in such affections as primarily agree to the Earth The Geographicall Affection may be considered two wayes either simply and absolutely in themselues or eomparatiuely as they are conferred and compared the one with the other As for example the circles of the Spheare such as are the Parallels and Meridians may be considered either absolutely in themselues or comparatiuely as they concurre to the longitude latitude distance or such like accidents which arise out of the comparison of one Circle with another 5 The Terrestriall Spheare primarily considered is either Naturall or Artificiall The Naturall is the true Globe in it selfe without image or representation 6 Herein againe are to be considered two things First the Principles and constitution of the Spheare Secondly the Accidents and proprieties The principles whereof the Spheare is composed are two viz Matter and Forme 7 The Matter is the substance whereof the Spheare is made viz Earth and Water My
of the Centers where the stedfast foot of the compasse ought to bee fixed in drawing of each circle is a matter appertaining to Geometricians who haue taught a way to bring any three points giuen into a circle and to finde the Center from which it is described Hauing thus described the Parallels wee must proceed on to draw the Meridians in this manuer let the one foot of the compasse bee placed in the line AB from which as the Center by euery Intersection of the rule and the Equatour forenoted let there bee drawne so many circles as intersections which circles so drawne will be the Meridians If any man desire more curiously to bee informed in the Geometricall Demonstrations whereon this Fabricke of the Planispheare is grounded let him read Gemma Frisius de Astrolabio Stifelius but especially Guido Vbaldus who hath copiously and accuratly handled this subiect Enough it may seeme for a Cosmographer to shew the vse of it as wee shall hereafter in Geographicall conclusions supposing the Fabricke sufficiently demonstrated by Geometricians to whom it of right belongs 10 The ground and Fabricke of the Polar Planispheare is taught in these Propositions 1 The Eye conceiued to be fixed on the Pole will expresse in the plaine of the Equinoctiall a Planispheare wherein all the Parallels are described by circles and Meridians by right lines This may likewise be optically demonstrated For the Eye being supposed to bee fixed on the Pole the sight will forme to it selfe so many visuall Cones as there are Parallels described in the Spheare These cones being supposed equally to be cut by the plaine of the Equatour will haue for their Bases the said Parallell circles represented in the plaine of the Equatour as so many absolute circles whereof the Equatour will be the greatest and comprehending within it all the rest Likewise the Meridians in this kinde of sight are supposed to terminate the sides of these Cones and therefore according to the Opticks ought to be right lines 2 How to describe the Parallels and Meridians in the Polar Planispheare This proiection is easiest of all as shall appeare by this Diagram Let there be described a circle from the Center E which shall be ACBD Let the circle be by two Diameters AB and BC diuided into foure quadrants each of which may againe bee diuided into 90 parts euery fift or tenth of these 90 parts being first marked out so many Diameters may bee drawne from either side to the opposite part by the Center E which Diameters so drawne will serue for the Meridians Then let any one of these lines bee diuided into 9 parts and diligently marked out as the Semidiameter ED by FGHIKLMN by all which marks from the Center E let there be drawne so many circles These circles so described will be the true Parallels This kinde of proiection though more vnusuall yet wants not his speciall vse in describing the parts of the earth neere the Pole which in our ordinary kinde of Tables proiected after the other manner cannot suffer so large and proportionall a Description 11 Hauing hitherto treated of the Common representation of the Terrestriall Globe we are in the next place to speake something of the Magneticall The Magneticall is a round Magnet called a Terrella This kind of spheare hath been by Gilbert aptly termed a Terrella or little Earth being the modell and representation of the great and massie Spheare of the earth whereon wee dwell Betwixt this kind of representation the former great difference may bee obserued First because the former is grounded merely on Artificiall Imitation implying nothing else but a Respect or application whereas this magneticall Terrella not only represents externally the Earth but Internally out of its owne Magneticall nature and vigour eminently containes and expresses all those motions and magneticall vertues which we haue formerly shewed to bee in the Earth 2 It skills not in the former of what Materiall substance the Spheare consists so the parts of it answer in due symmetry and proportion to the parts of the Earth but this represents the whole as a Homogeneall part communicating the same nature substance with the whole spheare of the earth In the Fabricke of this instrument wee must consider 1 the Matter 2 the Forme The matter as wee haue already intimated is a Magneticall substance which ought to be chosen out of a most eminent Mine hauing all his parts pure and vnmixt as possible wee can finde in any Magnet For though all Loadstones haue the same inclination yet in many the vigour is so weake or at least so hindered by the mixture of some Heterogeneall matter that they will not so well and sensibly performe their office The forme of it is the roundnesse politure wherin Art should shew as much exactnesse as shee can such a Spheare may well be expressed in this Figure whereof we had formerly occasion to make vse wherein the footsteps of this Magneticall vigour are sensibly expressed no otherwise then in the great Body of the Earth 12 In this Magneticall Terrella two things are chiefly to bee noted 1 the inuention of the Poles 2 of the Parallels Meridians both which shall be taught in these Propositions 1 To finde out the Poles in the Magneticall Terrella To performe this conclusion many artificiall wayes haue been inuented 1 By the Inclinatory Needle for being euenly hung in such sort vpon the Terrella as may be seene in the former figure it will according to diuers points diuersly respect the Terrella in his site wheresoeuer then wee shall finde it to fall perpendicularly as right angles wee may assure our selues that that very point is the Pole which being once knowne it will be easie to finde the opposite Pole either the same way or by measuring 2 By the Veyne or Mine of the Loadstone for as wee haue shewed in our fourth Chapter of this Treatise that part which was situated towards the North will afterwards direct it selfe Southward and contrariwise the South point will respect the North whence the Poles may be discouered 3 By a little boat wherein the Loadstone being placed on the water will moue round till such time as with one Pole hee may point out the North with the other the South Many other wayes may be inuented by Mechanicians perhaps more curious to whose industry I referre my ingenious Reader 2 The circles in the Terrella are found out by the Magneticall Needle This needs no other ocular demonstration then we haue taught in the fourth Chapter and may be conceaued in the former Diagramme First wee see the magneticall needle according to diuerse points diuersly to conforme it selfe which hath giuen way to ingenious artificers to finde out the Parallels and Meridians The Parallels are found out by obseruing the Angles of declination of the Needle hung ouer the Terrella which are found in proportion to answer to the degrees of Latitude which Dr Ridley in his Magneticall Treatise hath
giuen of them both For as much as if the Pole-starre in Eudozus time moued in a Parallell Equidistant from the Pole of the Equatour which he seemes to contend then must also the stars of Aries which were found once to bee in the point of the vernall Equinoxe moue alwayes in the Equinoctiall circle and neuer vary from it which is contrary to all the Testimonies before alleadged Secondly where he saith that Copernicus perceiuing this error left a base discouery without any Demonstration except onely 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I would know how Ioseph Scaliger by any other meanes came to know it I alwayes supposed it a principle amongst Mathematicians that the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 had beene the surest ground of Mathematicall Demonstration for euery reason which can be alleadged must of necessity bee grounded on meere coniecture as forged in a mans braine without any obseruation of Nature or else suggested vnto vs from the things themselues How little dependency is on the Former let euery man iudge where it is as easie for euery man to deny as affirme and such fancies are better reserued in the braine wherein they were first hatched then bee suffered to proceed further If wee deriue our Argument as we ought to doe from the footsteppes of Nature wee must draw it either from the Forme it selfe or from some effect or propriety arising from it The former is vnpossible I may well say in any thing because the first forme and nature no wayes discouers it selfe to our vnderstanding but by the apparent Accidents much lesse can this bee hoped for in the Heauens being as far distant from vs in space as Nature If then we are left only to the later what other ground can we haue of our Argumentation then the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Apparences which kind of way Scaliger in Copernicus striues to sleight or reiect as weake or deficient taking then this to bee the onely way to search as neere as wee can into the truth of their matters wee will in the third place shew how far it may oppose Scaliger and fauour our Assertion That the first Star of Aries is more distant from the Equinoctiall point is a matter which seemes to bee agreed on by all sides This Apparence must necessarily arise out of some Motion This Motion must bee sought either in the Earth as Copernicus would haue or in the Heauens That it cannot with any great probability bee in the Earth wee haue shewed in the third Chapter where wee haue proued it to haue a Magneticall verticity whereby it continually respects the same Poles The Arguments I confesse are only probable but this is an opinion which Scaliger defendeth not If wee seeke this effect in the Heauens it must of necessity which Scaliger confesseth happen one of these 2 wayes For either the stars standing vnmoueable the Equinoctiall Solstitiall points must bee moued or els the stars themselues should moue as Ptolomy defends Here I cannot but remember a merry answer of that great Atlas of Arts Sir Henry Sauile in the like question Being once inuited vnto his Table and hauing entred into some familiar discourses concerning Astronomicall suppositions I asked him what he thought of the Hypothesis of Copernicus who held the Sunne to stand fixt and the Earth to bee subiect to a Triple Motion His answer was hee cared not which were true so the Apparences were solued and the accompt exact sith each way either the old of Ptolomy or the new of Copernicus would indifferently serue an Astronomer Is it not all one saith he sitting at Dinner whether my Table be brought to mee or I goe to my Table so I eat my meat Such an answer would aswell befit this question whether the first star of Aries should bee moued from the Equinoctiall point or the point from it 't is a matter should little trouble a Cosmographer so either way might indifferently serue to salue the apparent obseruations But how Scaliger vpon this granted supposition would make all whole without disturbing the order and forme of Nature in the celestiall Machine what Regular motion he would giue the Sunne whose period describes the Equinoctiall points which he makes moueable what other Poles he would assigne to the world besides that of the Equator is a matter of a more curious search and besides the limits of my subiect The full discussion of which points as most of the rest Illis relinquo quorum imagines lambunt Hederae sequaces 17 The lesser Parallels are equidistant lines answering to the Equator which diuide the Globe of the Earth into two vnequall parts 18 These lesser Parallels are againe of two sorts either Named or Namelesse Named are such as are called by speciall names and haue more speciall vse in Geographie such as are the two Tropicks and the two Polar circles 19 The Tropicks are Parallels bounding the Suns greatest declination which is either to the North and is called the Tropicke of Cancer or towards the South and is called the Tropicke of Capricorne The Tropickes haue taken their names from the conuersion or turning backe of the Sunne because the Sunne declining from the Equinoctiall circle either North or South proceedeth in his course no further then this circle and so turneth backe so that in the heauens they are as limits and bounds comprehending within them that space without the which the Sunne neuer moues Consonant to these Celestiall Tropicks are there imagined in the earth the like immediately placed vnder them which are apparent not onely by Application of the Celestiall Globe and his parts to the Terrestriall but also out of the Magneticall disposition of the earth as wee haue already shewed The Tropicke bounding the Suns greatest declination towards the North is called the Tropicke of Cancer because the Sunne arriuing at that Tropicke is lodged in the signe of Cancer The other is termed the Tropicke of Capricorne because the Sunne touching that Tropicke is in that signe The distance of these Tropickes from the Equatour is ordinarily put 23 Degrees and 30 Minutes which is also the distance of the Poles of the Eclipticke from the Poles of the world The Tropick of Cancer as it is conceiued in the Earth passeth by the greater Asia by the Red-Sea or Sinus Arabicus and China and India But the Tropicke of Capricorne situate on the Southerne side runneth along by the most Southerne coast of Africke and that part of America which is called Brasilia Besides many Ilands in the Indian Sea 2 The Polar circles are Parallels answering to the Polar circles of the Heauens drawne by the Poles of the Eclipticke These are of two sorts either the Articke compassing round the North-Pole or the Antarticke compassing round the Antarticke or South Pole The Polar Circles as they are conceiued in the heauens by Astronomers are described by the Poles of the Eclipticke carried by the diurnall motion about the Poles of the world Correspondent to these circles in the heauens
Geographer to obserue in those matters shall generally be comprised in this Theoreme 1 Woods in these dayes are not so frequent nor so great as in ancient times We cannot imagine otherwise then that the Earth soone vpon the flood bearing in her wombe the seeds of all vegetals being inwardly moistned and outwardly comforted with Heat should presently abound with plants of all sorts in so much as in a short time each thing propagating it selfe by communication of his own seeds the whole Earth was ouergrown as one forrest but afterwards as man began to spread and multiply on the face of the Earth these Woods and Thickets began to suffer chastisement vnder the hand of laborious husbandry For first to open a passage from one place vnto another and that some parcels of ground should as pastures bee diuided from Woody acres it was necessary that this great plenty of trees should suffer a decrease yet little had this beene noted in so vast a store had not the inuention of building of houses by little and little turned great forrests into Cities which for the most part owed not only their first originall but also their daily reparation to Trees and Timber but aboue all the greatest deuourer of Woods and Forrests is Fire an element fed and nourished almost of no other matter For to let passe the ordinary vse of fire in euery house and family which in so infinite a multitude of people in so many yeeres since the Flood must require an extraordinary proportion of wood and fuell how many Arts haue beene since inuented depending onely vpon this Element we will goe no farther then the Art of Liquefaction fining of gold and other mettals found out in the bowels of the Earth wherein the couetousnesse of men hath been as vnsatiâ—ble as the fire To this which wee haue said may probably be opposed two things first the power and inclination of euery Creature to multiply and propagate it selfe Secondly the industry of mankind in seconding that inclination Whence it may bee coniectured that great woods should by durance increase to a greater quantity for the former no man will deny but that plants and trees left to themselues will commonly propagate their kind neuerthelesse it cannot preuaile so much as the other which procure the decrease first because the Earth being dryer now then soone vpon the Flood cannot so much further the growth of vegetals as then it did Secondly because as wee haue said this growth in a populous Countrey cannot bee so great as the diminution since few or no houses can want so necessary an Element as fire To the second wee answer that mans industry hath done somewhat in plantation of groues and such like but how little is this in comparison of the huge and vast forrests in time by man wasted and consumed We shall read of Germany that in the time of Caesar it seemed a wilde Countrey hauing many great woods and forrests but few Cities but now the case being altered we shall find the Cities both in number and greatnes increased and the Woods diminished Two instances may suffice the one of the Forrest of Ardenna in Lutzemburg accompted in Caesars time 500 miles ouer now scarce 50. The other of Sylua Hyrcinia which heretofore if we beleeue Histories reached so far as a man could trauaile in 60 dayes but now is made the onely limit or bound diuiding Bohemia from the rest of Germany The like may bee obserued almost of euery other Countrey reduced to ciuility 2 Places moderatly situated towards the North or South Pole abound more in Woods then neere the Equatour This situation wee vnderstand to comprehend almost all the temperat Zone reaching either way so farre as 60 degrees or there about The demonstration of this Theoreme depends of these two foments of all plants Heat and Moisture both which concurre not only to the abundance and fertility but also to the greatnesse of all plants for it is most certaine that wheresoeuer these two vitall succours are wanting or deficient there must be a great scarcity of trees fruits herbage and such like This is the cause why the Regions far North neere about the Pole beyond 60 degrees haue not onely scarcity of trees but haue them such as are of a farre smaller quantity then other Regions lying more temperate For the internall and naturall heat is almost extinguished with the extremity of cold and the moisture as it were dried vp by the frosty disposition of the Region To this cause may wee ascribe that which Geographers haue deliuered concerning Island that for want of Timber they couer their houses with fish-bones digging out houses in the sides of Rockes and mountaines Moreouer that the meere defect of moisture may cause a scarcity of growth may bee proued by many places 1 because temperate Regions which are Mountainous and lying higher produce trees of small length Bodin testifies as a thing very remarkeable that hee hath obserued oakes in France not exceeding 3 or 4 feet But this is no great wonder with vs in England sith in the dry and barren plaines about Salisbury there are many examples not much different All which we can ascribe to no other cause then the want of moisture On the other side as great or greater a defect of heat moisture is found neere the Equatour by reason of the externall heat of the Sunne which in all plants and vegetalls not onely euaporates the moisture and by consequence causeth drowth but by the extraction of Internall heat leaueth a greater cold behind correspondent to that humour in a man which we call Melancholy and choler-adust But this extremity of heat causing this defect of internall heat moisture wee place not directly vnder the Equinoctiall because we haue shewed it to be more temperate but rather vnder the Tropicks which by experience are found scorched with great heat How subiect these places vnder the Tropickes are to this sterility we need goe no farther then Libia and Numidia to confirme Places by the report of trauailers indigent not onely of Woods and Trees but almost of all vitall succours Whereas the Woods Forrests dispersed almost in euery region of Europe and the more temperate parts of Asia are celebrated of all writers Yet whereas wee haue defined the chiefest places for the growth of Woods to be towards the North so farre as 60 degrees or there-abouts wee cannot warrant this as an absolute generall obseruation because some places lying very low and subiect to much moisture though situat more Southerly may enioy this proportion as we haue formerly shewed of trees neere the Riuer Hiarotis recorded by Strabo to haue their noone shadowes of 5 furlongs as also of certaine trees in America neere Riuo Negro wherein as Peter Martyr writes a King dwelt with all his family But these places howsoeuer situat towards the South are as Geographers deliuer vnto vs most times of the yeere ouerwhelmed with Water consisting all of marish
of his eyes much enclining to blacke Now if wee will beleeâ—â— â—ristotle in his Problemes the gray colour of the eyes is a very great argument of heat But the blackish colour â—rgues the want of heat Those which dwell in the middle Regions haue for the most part their eyes of a darke-blew which colour is appâ—râ—nt in the eyes of Goates which as Pliny writes are neuer pur-blind or dimme of sight Many speciall arguments besides those before mentioned are produced to shew â—he Northerne man to surpasse in moisture as the other in drouth The first may be taken from their voice which in the Scyâ—hian or Northerne man is tending to hoarsenes but in the Africans very sharp and shrill as in the Ethiopians Carthaginians and the most southerly Spaniards That this difference doth arise from the moisture of the one and the want of it in the other may as easily be perswaded because we obserue women which are moister then men to haue sharp shriller voices Also that too much moisture in wood or mettall makes the sound of it very hoarse and harsh as wee see in lead whereas other mettalls giue a shriller sound Another reason is drawne from their extraordinary sweating for it is obserued that Northerne men trauailing towards the Soâ—th or warring in hotter Countreyes are like to faint and perish through extraordinary sweating as Plutarch in the life of Marius records of the moist bodies of the Cimbrians Thirdly it might seeme wounderfull which Tacitus relates of the German nation that they loue sloth and yet â—ate rest because as in Children the naturall heat prouokes them to Action but the moisture procures Softnesse whence they must either fight or sleepe Hence the Italians and Spaniards make accompt if they can suffer or withstand the fâ—rst or seconâ— assaâ—lt of the French or Germans easily to vanquish them because as Mariâ—â— and Caesar obserued of the French thaâ— in the first asâ—ault they shewed themselues more then Men in the second lesse then Women A fourth reason not inferiour to the rest may be drawne from the soâ—t bodies of the Germâ—ns and Scytâ—iâ—ns not any way patient of labour hunger and thirâ—t although very sâ—rong and able to giue a suddaine encounter or venture on a warlike exploite The contrary in all shall we find in the Southerne man out of which we may weâ—l collect that he enioies a contrary tempeâ— Besides all which we haue said concerning this assertion more shall appeare hereafter by these subsequent Theoremes 2 The extreame Inhabitants towards the Poles are more naturally inclined to Mechanicall workes and Martiall endeauours the Extreame towards the Equatour to workes of Religion and Contemplation the middle to lawes and ciuility There are found three kinds of discipline which vsually inuade and occupy the mind and faculties of man The first are Mechanicall and externall operations the which are proiected in the Intellectuall part yet receiue theiâ— perfection from the hands and externall organs Such as are Artillery making of Ordinance casting of mettalls and Chymicall inuentionâ— Printing and the like Arts. The second is Contemplation separate remoued from externall operation The third as the meane betwixt both is Ciuill and Morall discipline whose act and perfection consists in the making of Lawes establishing and gouerning of States prescribing and maintaining of Diuine worship with other matters of the like nature These gifts it pleaâ—ed God so to distribute to mankinde that the former should bee most appropriate to the Northerne man the second to the Southerne the third to the inhabitants of the middle region in such wise as the one should need and not enuy the others perfection All which we shâ—ll demonstrate first out of the causes and ground Secondly out of the effects The causes wee haue shewed in the former Theoreme wherein wee haue ascribed to the Northerne man abundance of heat and moisture in respect of the other which are the chiefest aides of the imagination on which mechanicall faculties depend also their plenty of bloud and humours distempering their minds they are by this meanes lesse giuen to contemplation The Southerne men hauing cold and dry braines are of greatest vnderstanding in Contemplatiâ—e matters being as it were by reason of melancholy abstract from externall operation The middle temper of the braine and humours must needs be the mother oâ— a middle discipline which is found to be that which concernes Manners Lawes and Religion Here some haue gone about to reduce these three kinds of people to three planets answerable to these 3 dispositions Ouer â—he Southerne people they set Saturne the Northerne they commit to the gouernment of Mars the middle inhabitants to Iupiter The power of Saturne according to the Chaldeans consists in Contemplation of Iupiter in practicall action of Mars in Artificiall operation Which 3 properties may be well gathered out of the Hebrew tongue natures best interpreter for Saturne they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is as much to say as quiet because nothing better bâ—fits the nature of contemplation then retired quietnesse Iupiter they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is as much to say as Iust Which the Grecians hauing receiued from these Hebrewes they fained Iupiter to bee the God of Iustice. Mars they called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifieth strong or puisâ—ant for which cause the Chaldeans and the Greclans would haue Mars the God of warre To Saturne they ascribe cold to Mars heat to Iupiter a temperature betwixt both To the first they impute the inuention of sciences and such as concernes Contemplation To the second practicall prudence To the third Arts and Workemanship Whereof the first depends from the Vnderstanding the second from practicall discourse the last from the operaâ—ion of the phantasie But to come neerer the matter and descend to particulars wee will first beginne with the Northerne man whom we shall find to be the father of most mechanicall Inuentions as of Gunnes Printing the art of Liquefaction Chimistrie with infinite other excellent Arts. Hence it comes to passe that the Italians and Spaniards are vsed to send ouer for Britaines and Germans as for those which are endowed with a heauenly gift in the Inuention of veiâ—es of Mettalls vnder the Earth as also for the opening and well ordering of suâ—h Mines Let any man cast his eyes on England the Neither-lands Germany he shall find the Inâ—abiâ—ants generally either as the Schollers and darlings of Mars weilding their swords or as Pioners leuelling of mountaines or as Ingmers contriuing the course of waters or hunting in the woods or plowing in the field or looking to their flockes on the moâ—ntaines or working in their shops or at least set vpon some externall worke or other that their wits as Bodin merily speakes might seeme to bee in their handes From whence come for the most part ouâ— seuerall sortes of stuffes our choice workes in wood mettall Iuoâ—y our variety of instruments from the Italian or Spaniard No