observation_n that_o upon_o a_o comet_n be_v return_n to_o the_o solar_a region_n the_o atmosphere_n do_v still_o return_v and_o be_v not_o at_o all_o settle_a and_o form_v like_o a_o planet_n i_o must_v have_v contradict_v that_o observation_n if_o i_o have_v ascribe_v the_o formation_n of_o our_o earth_n to_o such_o a_o gradual_a and_o tedious_a operation_n in_o short_a my_o chaos_n be_v he_o comet_n be_v atmosphere_n such_o a_o atmosphere_n do_v not_o subside_n in_o the_o period_n about_o the_o sun_n and_o consequent_o mr._n keill_n who_o make_v that_o a_o objection_n against_o i_o be_v mistake_v and_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o other_o cause_n and_o perfect_v by_o other_o measure_n than_o he_o here_o imagine_v and_o so_o for_o aught_o that_o appear_v by_o those_o assign_v in_o my_o theory_n i_o have_v say_v 5._o vind._n p._n 4_o 5._o that_o all_o the_o same_o law_n property_n and_o operation_n of_o body_n which_o we_o find_v establish_v here_o on_o earth_n do_v not_o so_o universal_o obtain_v in_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o comet_n which_o assertion_n mr._n keill_n be_v surprise_v at_o and_o endeavour_n to_o expose_v now_o in_o this_o case_n i_o will_v desire_v mr._n keill_n to_o show_v how_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o body_n with_o we_o that_o so_o thin_a atmosphere_n of_o a_o comet_n can_v sustain_v at_o the_o distance_n of_o so_o many_o thousand_o mile_n from_o its_o centre_n such_o cloud_n or_o opake_v mass_n as_o it_o frequent_o do_v nay_o if_o we_o come_v to_o the_o planet_n which_o appear_v to_o be_v body_n so_o like_a to_o our_o earth_n as_o to_o require_v the_o same_o general_a measure_n and_o law_n in_o they_o we_o may_v find_v such_o a_o ring_n about_o saturn_n as_o it_o will_v be_v hard_a to_o account_v for_o by_o the_o mechanical_a law_n upon_o our_o earth_n sure_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o imagine_v that_o because_o god_n have_v be_v please_v to_o fix_v several_a arbitrary_a law_n and_o power_n of_o body_n result_v from_o they_o in_o our_o little_a system_n that_o therefore_o he_o have_v confine_v himself_o to_o ordain_v no_o other_o in_o different_a one_o to_o give_v a_o instance_n the_o particle_n of_o our_o elastical_a fluid_n or_o air_n may_v be_v preserve_v from_o come_v close_o together_o as_o mr._n keill_n 301._o with_fw-mi newt_n p._n 301._o i_o suppose_v will_v not_o deny_v by_o a_o special_a law_n direct_o opposite_a to_o that_o of_o gravity_n or_o by_o a_o particular_a vis_fw-la centrifuga_fw-la belong_v alone_o to_o such_o particle_n of_o matter_n as_o the_o air_n be_v compose_v of_o now_o i_o believe_v mr._n keill_n will_v hardly_o affirm_v this_o to_o be_v a_o universal_a law_n obtain_v all_o over_o the_o universe_n but_o confine_v to_o some_o part_n of_o it_o at_o pleasure_n and_o many_o such_o law_n there_o may_v be_v in_o the_o opinion_n of_o that_o great_a man_n who_o very_a name_n be_v enough_o to_o defend_v one_o as_o mr._n keill_n just_o speak_v 134._o vid._n verb._n newt_n n.t._n pag._n 225._o mark_fw-mi p._n 134._o upon_o which_o the_o particular_a phaenomena_n among_o we_o do_v general_o depend_v now_o though_o i_o believe_v such_o law_n as_o these_o various_a in_o various_a system_n yet_o i_o never_o imagine_v that_o the_o mechanical_a power_n demonstrable_a from_o the_o necessary_a law_n of_o motion_n be_v at_o all_o so_o whatsoever_o for_o the_o diversion_n of_o his_o reader_n mr._n keill_n be_v please_v to_o suppose_v however_o by_o this_o answer_n i_o not_o only_o it_o seem_v have_v prevent_v all_o possible_a objection_n against_o my_o theory_n a_o thing_n to_o be_v sure_a i_o can_v but_o be_v very_o fond_a of_o but_o i_o have_v grant_v mr._n keill_n all_o he_o design_v to_o prove_v viz._n that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o form_v according_a to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o mechanism_n but_o by_o the_o efficacy_n of_o the_o divine_a spirit_n which_o move_v on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n now_o i_o must_v here_o deny_v the_o opposition_n and_o affirm_v that_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o earth_n be_v form_v according_a to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o mechanism_n some_o of_o they_o introduce_v then_o by_o the_o efficacy_n of_o the_o divine_a spirit_n which_o move_v on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n and_o ever_o since_o continue_v among_o we_o for_o almighty_a god_n to_o introduce_v new_a and_o regular_a law_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o a_o new_a world_n which_o be_v to_o be_v ever_o afterward_o observe_v in_o it_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o miraculous_a interposition_n very_o worthy_a of_o god_n and_o very_o accountable_a to_o our_o reason_n but_o to_o suppose_v he_o by_o a_o multitude_n of_o miracle_n act_v so_o disproportionable_o and_o disorderly_o as_o the_o common_a scheme_n of_o the_o creation_n oblige_v one_o to_o do_v be_v to_o introduce_v miracle_n sufficient_o strange_a and_o unaccountable_a to_o i_o and_o such_o as_o i_o can_v be_v persuade_v of_o by_o such_o reason_n as_o i_o have_v yet_o meet_v with_o upon_o this_o occasion_n though_o to_o mr._n keill_n 5._o pag._n 4_o 5._o who_o find_v so_o little_a difficulty_n in_o this_o matter_n and_o without_o authority_n can_v admit_v the_o creation_n and_o i_o suppose_v the_o annihilation_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n i_o little_o expect_v to_o show_v that_o any_o miracle_n can_v be_v strange_a and_o unaccountable_a as_o to_o the_o internal_a heat_n in_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v allow_v by_o mr._n keill_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o earthquake_n of_o a_o very_a large_a compass_n derive_v from_o it_o can_v but_o reach_v downward_o to_o a_o mighty_a depth_n it_o must_v be_v account_v for_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o cause_n of_o fountain_n or_o not_o and_o if_o mr._n keill_n think_v it_o more_o easy_o ascribe_v to_o the_o mixture_n of_o sulphureous_a nitrous_a and_o mineral_n principle_n than_o to_o a_o hot_a central_n solid_a he_o must_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o retain_v my_o former_a opinion_n for_o these_o two_o reason_n viz._n because_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o depth_n necessary_a for_o the_o mixture_n be_v too_o close_a and_o fast_o and_o have_v no_o cavern_n or_o hollow_n requisite_a thereto_o and_o because_o such_o a_o mixture_n itself_o suppose_v that_o heat_n and_o motion_n of_o part_n as_o cause_n which_o ought_v only_o to_o be_v the_o effect_n thereof_o beside_o i_o be_o still_o inclinable_a to_o ascribe_v the_o origin_n of_o spring_n in_o great_a part_n to_o the_o vapour_n ascend_v and_o elevate_v by_o the_o subterranean_a heat_n for_o this_o particular_a and_o to_o i_o substantial_a reason_n among_o other_o that_o the_o spring_n break_v forth_o extraordinary_o and_o run_v the_o fast_o in_o a_o frost_n as_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v in_o this_o hypothesis_n when_o the_o vapour_n in_o the_o air_n seem_v most_o at_o rest_n and_o quiet_a as_o be_v common_o observe_v and_o particular_o in_o the_o great_a frost_n 109._o 3._o disc._n 2_o do_v edit_n p._n 109._o by_o the_o excellent_a mr._n ray._n to_o some_o other_o of_o who_o reason_v also_o i_o refer_v he_o upon_o this_o occasion_n as_o to_o my_o recede_a without_o reason_n from_o the_o letter_n of_o moses_n in_o the_o four_o day_n be_v work_v mr._n keill_n have_v so_o little_a still_o to_o say_v against_o those_o large_a account_n i_o have_v give_v of_o that_o matter_n that_o i_o shall_v venture_v the_o reason_n i_o have_v already_o allege_v with_o the_o impartial_a and_o consider_v without_o any_o addition_n only_o his_o argument_n against_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o hexaemeron_n viz._n that_o of_o a_o historical_a journal_n such_o as_o a_o spectator_n on_o the_o earth_n will_v have_v make_v because_o there_o be_v in_o his_o opinion_n no_o such_o spectator_n in_o be_v to_o make_v it_o be_v i_o think_v neither_o conclusive_a nor_o true_a for_o though_o there_o be_v no_o real_a spectator_n at_o first_o yet_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o history_n may_v for_o good_a reason_n be_v such_o as_o i_o assign_v notwithstanding_o but_o to_o tell_v he_o my_o mind_n free_o i_o believe_v that_o the_o messiah_n be_v there_o actual_o present_a that_o he_o make_v the_o journal_n that_o he_o deliver_v it_o afterward_o to_o moses_n on_o mount_n sinai_n and_o that_o from_o thence_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o front_n of_o his_o pentateuch_n at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o next_o place_n mr._n keill_n endeavour_v to_o vindicate_v his_o assertion_n that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o half_a the_o second_o day_n or_o year_n of_o the_o creation_n can_v not_o elevate_v vapour_n enough_o to_o fill_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n i_o have_v tell_v he_o that_o i_o do_v not_o suppose_v the_o water_n in_o the_o small_a sea_n and_o lake_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n much_o above_o the_o thousand_o part_n of_o those_o in_o the_o present_a sea_n and_o
the_o business_n of_o the_o deluge_n without_o any_o occasion_n for_o the_o great_a and_o long_a rain_n and_o so_o the_o forty_o day_n rain_n which_o occasion_v the_o flood_n in_o moses_n can_v be_v account_v for_o and_o be_v almost_o whole_o supersede_v by_o we_o in_o answer_n to_o which_o i_o say_v that_o though_o the_o primary_n violent_a fall_n of_o the_o vapour_n be_v in_o less_o than_o a_o day_n be_v time_n as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o my_o theory_n yet_o because_o as_o many_o will_v immediate_o arise_v again_o as_o the_o air_n can_v hold_v here_o be_v a_o fund_z abundant_o sufficient_a for_o the_o most_o violent_a forty_o day_n rain_v imaginable_a and_o though_o the_o vapour_n do_v original_o fall_v in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n and_o with_o such_o violence_n on_o that_o hemisphere_n of_o the_o earth_n expose_v to_o they_o as_o there_o to_o do_v the_o business_n of_o the_o deluge_n immediate_o yet_o because_o the_o region_n near_o the_o ark_n be_v not_o in_o that_o hemisphere_n their_o deluge_n must_v arise_v from_o the_o forty_o day_n rain_v succeed_v and_o from_o the_o flow_n in_o of_o the_o water_n from_o those_o other_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n on_o which_o they_o first_o fall_v according_a as_o this_o matter_n be_v already_o state_v in_o the_o new_a theory_n and_o i_o think_v need_v not_o be_v alter_v from_o any_o thing_n here_o suggest_v we_o be_v now_o get_v to_o the_o principal_a thing_n considerable_a in_o mr._n keill_n objection_n and_o that_o be_v his_o demonstration_n that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a fluid_n can_v not_o raise_v the_o subterranean_a water_n to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o i_o must_v own_v that_o i_o see_v the_o force_n of_o his_o demonstration_n now_o which_o i_o do_v not_o before_o and_o i_o hearty_o thank_v mr._n keill_n for_o correct_v so_o considerable_a a_o mistake_n in_o the_o new_a theory_n and_o a_o mistake_n that_o before_o be_v the_o only_a obstacle_n to_o as_o remarkable_a a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o main_a part_n of_o it_o as_o perhaps_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o which_o in_o due_a time_n shall_v appear_v all_o that_o moses_n say_v relate_v to_o this_o matter_n 1._o gen._n 7.11_o &_o 8._o 1._o be_v that_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o great_a deep_o be_v break_v up_o at_o the_o beginning_n and_o shut_v up_o at_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o deluge_n without_o the_o least_o affirmation_n that_o any_o water_n issue_v out_o of_o they_o as_o have_v hitherto_o be_v universal_o suppose_v and_o as_o i_o according_o believe_v also_o though_o in_o truth_n i_o be_o now_o so_o far_o from_o that_o opinion_n that_o i_o believe_v the_o use_n of_o that_o disruption_n of_o the_o fissure_v be_v only_o to_o drain_v off_o and_o not_o at_o all_o to_o send_v out_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n as_o will_n more_o distinct_o be_v show_v upon_o a_o proper_a occasion_n hereafter_o but_o if_o mr._n keill_n reason_v under_o this_o last_o head_n appear_v so_o strong_a what_o follow_v touch_v the_o remove_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n seem_v to_o i_o of_o a_o very_a different_a character_n for_o 1._o let_v the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v be_v full_a during_o the_o deluge_n nay_o let_v the_o water_n be_v drain_n away_o by_o they_o continual_o into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o till_o this_o drain_n take_v away_o more_o than_o the_o rain_n and_o the_o run_v in_o of_o the_o water_n bring_v the_o flood_n will_v continual_o increase_v notwithstanding_o 2._o i_o say_v still_o certain_o the_o pore_n and_o interstice_n of_o 30_o or_o 40_o i_o may_v say_v of_o 60_o or_o 80_o mile_n of_o dry_a earth_n or_o earth_n that_o can_v still_o admit_v vast_a quantity_n of_o water_n be_v capable_a of_o receive_v 3_o 4_o or_o more_o mile_n of_o water_n into_o they_o 3._o mr._n keill_n assertion_n that_o the_o inward_a strata_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v almost_o whole_o compose_v of_o a_o tough_a clay_n common_a stone_n whinstone_n coal_n metalline_a oar_n and_o the_o like_a uncapable_a of_o contain_v any_o water_n considerable_a be_v not_o general_o true_a i_o appeal_v to_o the_o follow_a table_n of_o the_o several_a strata_n of_o a_o well_o at_o amsterdam_n mention_v by_o varenius_n which_o be_v the_o best_a and_o deep_a that_o i_o know_v where_o ready_o to_o meet_v with_o and_o let_v the_o reader_n judge_n whether_o all_o the_o strata_n be_v such_o as_o will_v exclude_v water_n or_o not_o or_o such_o as_o mr._n keill_n suppose_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n below_o compose_v of_o foot_n garden-mould_n 7_o 46._o varen_n greg._n p._n 46._o turf_n 9_o soft_a clay_n 9_o sand_n 8_o earth_n 4_o clay_n 10_o earth_n 4_o sand_n in_o which_o the_o pile_n for_o the_o amsterdam_n building_n be_v fix_v 10_o clay_n 2_o white_a gravel_n 4_o dry_v earth_n 5_o mud_n 1_o sand_n 14_o sandy_a clay_n 3_o sand_n mix_v with_o clay_n 5_o sand_n mix_v with_o sea-shell_n 4_o a_o clayey_a bottom_n 102_o gravel_n 31_o in_o all_o 232_o 4._o i_o look_v upon_o his_o last_o argument_n viz._n that_o these_o fissure_n will_v not_o drain_v off_o the_o water_n in_o half_a a_o year_n nor_o indeed_o under_o several_a hundred_o year_n as_o so_o far_o from_o affect_v i_o that_o i_o hearty_o thank_v mr._n keill_n for_o so_o considerable_a a_o confirmation_n of_o my_o conjecture_n to_o this_o purpose_n at_o the_o end_n of_o my_o former_a vindication_n for_o though_o i_o think_v his_o computation_n of_o the_o time_n much_o too_o long_o because_o the_o fissure_v be_v then_o very_o much_o more_o open_a than_o now_o and_o because_o the_o vast_a weight_n of_o the_o water_n at_o first_o especial_o will_v hasten_v the_o velocity_n of_o their_o descent_n yet_o in_o general_n i_o be_o full_o of_o his_o mind_n that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n can_v not_o be_v mechanical_o drain_v off_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o common_a opinion_n be_v 47,48_o vind._n p._n 46_o 47,48_o as_o he_o may_v see_v in_o the_o place_n refer_v to_o which_o it_o be_v a_o little_a strange_a he_o shall_v not_o discover_v before_o and_o so_o perceive_v that_o he_o be_v by_o the_o last_o computation_n but_o confirm_v one_o of_o the_o point_n i_o have_v observe_v since_o the_o publish_n of_o the_o new_a theory_n in_o short_a the_o remark_n and_o objection_n mr._n keill_n and_o other_o have_v make_v against_o some_o branch_n of_o the_o new_a theory_n have_v occasion_v i_o to_o correct_v some_o part_n to_o confirm_v other_o and_o to_o improve_v the_o whole_a but_o so_o little_a do_v i_o esteem_v the_o principal_a foundation_n of_o that_o book_n destroy_v by_o all_o that_o have_v be_v hitherto_o say_v though_o mr._n keill_n be_v please_v to_o presume_v that_o by_o those_o few_o objection_n he_o before_o make_v against_o a_o few_o particular_n in_o it_o and_o this_o after_o he_o have_v grant_v i_o the_o principal_a point_n of_o all_o it_o be_v in_o general_a already_o confute_v that_o i_o may_v venture_v to_o say_v i_o be_o prepare_v upon_o a_o second_o edition_n more_o full_o to_o confirm_v and_o establish_v the_o main_a conclusion_n in_o it_o than_o ever_o as_o i_o hope_v will_v appear_v in_o due_a time_n i_o shall_v add_v no_o more_o but_o because_o the_o two_o conclude_a question_n i_o put_v to_o mr._n keill_n before_o be_v whole_o pass_v over_o in_o silence_n i_o shall_v reprint_v they_o here_o again_o and_o if_o he_o make_v another_o rejoinder_n again_o desire_v his_o free_a and_o ingenuous_a answer_n and_o so_o take_v my_o leave_n 1._o since_o mr._n keill_n grant_v that_o a_o comet_n pass_v by_o at_o the_o deluge_n and_o yet_o contend_v that_o the_o flood_n be_v not_o to_o be_v solve_v therefrom_o but_o be_v to_o be_v believe_v whole_o miraculous_a to_o what_o purpose_n do_v the_o comet_n so_o providential_o pass_v by_o just_a at_o that_o time_n if_o it_o have_v no_o relation_n to_o the_o deluge_n do_v mr._n keill_n imagine_v that_o the_o same_o miraculous_a power_n which_o cause_v the_o deluge_n can_v not_o also_o without_o the_o attraction_n of_o a_o comet_n make_v the_o earth_n orbit_n elliptical_a a_o strange_a unheard-of_a and_o most_o surprise_v phaenomenon_n happen_v in_o the_o world_n a_o blaze_a star_n which_o we_o but_o seldom_o discover_v at_o a_o vast_a distance_n in_o the_o heaven_n descend_v hard_o by_o the_o body_n of_o our_o earth_n which_o without_o the_o great_a exactness_n in_o the_o chain_n of_o providence_n do_v not_o happen_v in_o thousand_o nay_o million_o of_o year_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o be_v pass_v by_o a_o wonderful_a and_o incredible_a deluge_n of_o water_n overflow_v the_o whole_a earth_n and_o drown_v all_o its_o inhabitant_n without_o any_o other_o visible_a or_o imaginable_a occasion_n in_o the_o world_n and_o yet_o as_o it_o seem_v the_o comet_n only_o accidental_o pass_v by_o and_o have_v no_o hand_n at_o all_o in_o the_o deluge_n credat_fw-la judaeus_fw-la apella_n 2._o how_o can_v those_o effect_n i_o have_v mention_v be_v avoid_v upon_o the_o pass_n by_o of_o the_o comet_n we_o be_v not_o now_o in_o a_o cartesian_a vortex_n where_o fancy_n and_o contrivance_n can_v introduce_v or_o hinder_v any_o effect_n at_o pleasure_n but_o we_o be_v in_o mechanical_a and_o experimental_a philosophy_n which_o be_v a_o inflexible_a thing_n and_o not_o at_o all_o subject_n to_o our_o inclination_n when_o the_o comet_n therefore_o be_v just_o pass_v by_o we_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v how_o the_o earth_n can_v possible_o avoid_v pass_v through_o its_o atmosphere_n and_o tail_n if_o it_o can_v not_o pray_v what_o can_v prevent_v the_o acquire_v that_o column_n of_o vapour_n i_o by_o computation_n find_v will_v fall_v on_o its_o surface_n and_o if_o such_o a_o column_n of_o vapour_n be_v leave_v on_o the_o earth_n what_o can_v hinder_v their_o become_a water_n and_o drown_v the_o earth_n i_o shall_v not_o though_o i_o easy_o may_v carry_v on_o the_o chain_n of_o query_n any_o long_o but_o if_o mr._n keill_n can_v fair_o answer_v i_o these_o few_o lead_a question_n i_o shall_v then_o believe_v he_o alike_o able_a to_o answer_v the_o rest_n and_o so_o i_o shall_v not_o pursue_v this_o particular_a any_o far_o but_o leave_v it_o and_o this_o whole_a matter_n to_o he_o and_o the_o reader_n be_v leisure_n and_o consideration_n lowestoft_n suffolk_n octob._n 4._o 99_o finis_fw-la
a_o second_o defence_n of_o the_o new_a theory_n of_o the_o earth_n from_z the_o exception_n of_o mr._n john_n keill_n by_o william_n whiston_n m._n a._n vicar_n of_o lowestoft_n suffolk_n and_o chaplain_n to_o the_o right_n reverend_a father_n in_o god_n john_n lord_n bishop_n of_o norwich_n london_n print_v for_o benj._n take_v at_o the_o middle-temple-gate_n in_o fleetstreet_n 1700._o a_o second_o defence_n of_o the_o new_a theory_n of_o the_o earth_n etc._n etc._n since_o i_o have_v resolve_v to_o be_v as_o short_a as_o possible_a in_o this_o rejoinder_n and_o have_v ever_o determine_v with_o myself_o to_o avoid_v all_o heat_n and_o passion_n all_o recrimination_n and_o personal_a reflection_n which_o i_o look_v upon_o as_o thing_n unworthy_a of_o the_o professor_n of_o the_o peaceable_a and_o charitable_a religion_n of_o our_o saviour_n as_o immorality_n in_o philosopher_n and_o crime_n in_o christian_n i_o shall_v therefore_o wave_v all_o thing_n in_o mr._n keill_n defence_n which_o may_v occasion_v any_o reflection_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o endeavour_v only_a to_o debate_v the_o matter_n in_o dispute_n between_o we_o with_o all_o the_o calmness_n and_o fairness_n possible_a and_o as_o wherever_o i_o be_o convince_v by_o his_o reason_n i_o shall_v free_o own_v it_o so_o it_o be_v but_o equal_a that_o i_o expect_v the_o same_o of_o he_o upon_o the_o same_o occasion_n only_o he_o must_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o say_v that_o the_o reason_n of_o my_o surprise_n at_o his_o appear_v in_o public_a against_o i_o be_v not_o any_o special_a obligation_n i_o think_v he_o under_o to_o i_o but_o his_o have_v declare_v his_o satisfaction_n with_o the_o principal_a assertion_n nay_o the_o main_a foundation_n of_o my_o theory_n viz._n that_o a_o comet_n pass_v by_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o deluge_n after_o which_o concession_n i_o can_v not_o i_o think_v expect_v a_o opposition_n in_o print_n to_o my_o book_n from_o he_o i_o will_v repeat_v mr._n keill_n word_n at_o large_a in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o former_a remark_n and_o appeal_v to_o the_o candid_a reader_n whether_o i_o have_v not_o some_o reason_n to_o be_v surprise_v i_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v say_v mr._n keill_n that_o the_o author_n of_o the_o new_a theory_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v make_v great_a discovery_n and_o proceed_v on_o more_o philosophical_a principle_n than_o all_o the_o theorist_n before_o he_o have_v do_v in_o his_o theory_n there_o be_v some_o very_a strange_a coincidents_a which_o make_v it_o indeed_o probable_a that_o a_o comet_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n pass_v by_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v surprise_v to_o observe_v the_o exact_a correspondence_n between_o the_o lunar_a and_o solar_a year_n upon_o the_o supposition_n of_o a_o circular_a orbit_n in_o which_o the_o earth_n move_v before_o the_o deluge_n it_o can_v but_o raise_v admiration_n in_o we_o when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n be_v in_o its_o perihelion_n which_o will_v be_v the_o necessary_a effect_n of_o a_o comet_n that_o pass_v by_o at_o that_o time_n in_o draw_v it_o from_o a_o circular_a to_o a_o elliptical_a orbit_n this_o together_o with_o the_o consideration_n that_o the_o moon_n be_v exact_o in_o such_o a_o place_n of_o its_o orbit_n at_o that_o time_n as_o equal_o attract_v with_o the_o earth_n when_o the_o comet_n pass_v by_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o very_a convince_a argument_n that_o a_o comet_n real_o come_v very_o near_o and_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n on_o the_o day_n the_o deluge_n begin_v but_o to_o leave_v this_o preface_n and_o to_o come_v to_o the_o matter_n themselves_o in_o dispute_n between_o we_o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o because_o moses_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o six_o day_n creation_n say_v that_o darkness_n be_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o deep_a whereas_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o a_o comet_n which_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o chaos_n here_o mean_v be_v a_o transparent_a fluid_n while_o it_o be_v such_o mr._n keill_n argue_v that_o this_o transparent_a atmosphere_n can_v not_o be_v the_o dark_a abyss_n of_o moses_n now_o what_o i_o answer_v be_v that_o moses_n do_v not_o concern_v himself_o with_o the_o ancient_a state_n of_o the_o chaos_n but_o only_o with_o its_o state_n at_o the_o commence_v of_o his_o creation_n at_o which_o time_n it_o will_v be_v a_o dark_a abyss_n in_o the_o proper_a sense_n and_o high_a degree_n imaginable_a now_o all_o that_o mr._n keill_n add_v about_o this_o matter_n whether_o as_o to_o the_o light_n and_o shine_a of_o the_o central_n solid_n and_o his_o calculation_n thereto_o relate_v as_o to_o the_o change_n from_o a_o pellucid_n to_o a_o opake_v fluid_a or_o as_o to_o the_o restraint_n of_o the_o word_n abyss_n to_o the_o dense_n fluid_v alone_o may_v have_v be_v omit_v if_o he_o have_v first_o right_o understand_v and_o consider_v the_o proposition_n in_o the_o new_a theory_n where_o these_o matter_n be_v explain_v already_o for_o certain_o though_o the_o central_n solid_a be_v as_o luminous_a as_o the_o sun_n itself_o yet_o to_o a_o spectator_n place_v in_o so_o thick_a a_o mist_n there_o can_v no_o more_o of_o its_o light_n from_o within_o than_o of_o the_o sun_n be_v from_o without_o appear_v though_o true_o the_o calculation_n here_o suppose_v 1._o the_o earth_n when_o a_o comet_n to_o have_v move_v as_o near_o the_o sun_n as_o the_o last_o whereas_o perhaps_o no_o other_o ever_o do_v so_o beside_o 2._o the_o heat_n of_o its_o own_o nucleus_n the_o main_a cause_n of_o its_o tail_n which_o be_v utter_o false_a and_o never_o imagine_v by_o i_o and_o 3._o the_o spectator_n at_o only_a ten_o mile_n distance_n from_o the_o nucleus_n when_o he_o must_v have_v be_v as_o many_o hundred_o at_o least_o and_o so_o be_v whole_o groundless_a and_o my_o theory_n not_o at_o all_o concern_v in_o they_o beside_o though_o all_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o a_o comet_n through_o which_o we_o see_v the_o fix_a star_n be_v transparent_a yet_o the_o low_a part_n next_o the_o nucleus_n or_o dense_n body_n seem_v opake_v and_o dark_a like_o a_o very_a thick_a mist_n so_o as_o to_o hide_v the_o nucleus_n itself_o from_o our_o sight_n and_o cause_n darkness_n upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o deep_a for_o the_o change_n which_o some_o observe_v in_o the_o nucleus_n of_o comet_n be_v to_o be_v suppose_v not_o in_o the_o solid_a body_n but_o in_o the_o cloudy_a bottom_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o next_o encompass_n the_o nucleus_n and_o this_o darkness_n upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o deep_a may_v continue_v till_o the_o comet_n be_v grow_v cold_a and_o all_o the_o denser_fw-fr part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v subside_v and_o be_v great_a while_n those_o denser_n part_n be_v in_o a_o state_n of_o coagulation_n and_o subside_v it_o be_v also_o evident_a in_o my_o book_n that_o i_o ascribe_v the_o change_n of_o the_o chaos_n to_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n introduce_v such_o law_n of_o body_n by_o which_o the_o earth_n will_v first_o be_v form_v and_o its_o phaenomena_n ever_o after_o be_v govern_v and_o it_o be_v sure_a no_o hard_a interpretation_n to_o include_v all_o that_o fluid_a region_n beneath_o the_o earth_n future_a surface_n under_o the_o term_n abyss_n though_o after_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o earthy_a part_n and_o their_o consolidation_n the_o dense_n fluid_a may_v most_o proper_o go_v by_o that_o name_n and_o upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o abyss_n there_o be_v at_o first_o darkness_n and_o that_o succeed_v by_o light_n according_a to_o the_o exact_a description_n of_o moses_n and_o according_a to_o the_o solution_n of_o the_o first_o day_n be_v work_v in_o the_o new_a theory_n my_o next_o answer_n be_v to_o mr._n keill_n objection_n against_o the_o sudden_a formation_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o a_o few_o year_n time_n by_o the_o law_n of_o mechanism_n for_o since_o say_v he_o the_o confusion_n of_o the_o comet_n be_v atmosphere_n seem_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o heat_n in_o its_o perihelion_n as_o that_o heat_v gradual_o decrease_v which_o will_v not_o be_v under_o many_o hundred_o or_o perhaps_o thousand_o of_o year_n the_o confusion_n will_v cease_v also_o and_o the_o subsidence_n and_o mechanical_a formation_n be_v complete_v proportionable_o in_o the_o same_o time_n and_o not_o soon_o contrary_a to_o my_o theory_n my_o answer_n to_o this_o be_v it_o seem_v by_o i_o so_o obscure_o express_v that_o mr._n keill_n can_v not_o apprehend_v my_o meaning_n which_o therefore_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o explain_v more_o distinct_o thus_o i_o deny_v that_o all_o the_o confusion_n of_o a_o comet_n be_v atmosphere_n be_v owe_v to_o the_o heat_n at_o the_o perihelion_n and_o i_o also_o affirm_v that_o since_o astronomer_n find_v by_o
ocean_n and_o so_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o the_o raise_n of_o so_o many_o vapour_n that_o day_n as_o he_o imagine_v now_o to_o confute_v this_o he_o say_v that_o so_o little_a water_n will_v necessary_o render_v that_o earth_n dry_a barren_a and_o unfruitful_a for_o since_o the_o quantity_n of_o vapour_n raise_v be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o surface_n of_o those_o water_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v raise_v and_o since_o the_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o present_a water_n must_v have_v only_o the_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o present_a surface_n which_o he_o must_v say_v or_o say_v nothing_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o rain_n and_o dews_n before_o the_o flood_n be_v but_o the_o thousand_o part_n of_o those_o at_o present_a in_o a_o year_n time_n and_o since_o by_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o dry_a land_n then_o be_v near_o double_a to_o that_o now_o and_o to_o be_v supply_v with_o only_a the_o thousand_o part_n of_o its_o water_n every_o region_n will_v have_v in_o particular_a little_a more_o than_o the_o two_o thousand_o part_n as_o much_o moisture_n as_o it_o have_v at_o present_a now_o this_o look_n like_o a_o very_a formidable_a calculation_n and_o sufficient_a to_o destroy_v a_o main_a foundation_n of_o the_o new_a theory_n but_o for_o answer_n how_o come_v it_o about_o that_o mr._n keill_n who_o know_v it_o so_o well_o shall_v forget_v the_o different_a proportion_n between_o solid_n and_o superficies_n between_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n for_o use_n and_o the_o quantity_n of_o its_o surface_n for_o evaporation_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o though_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o primitive_a sea_n and_o lake_n be_v similar_v to_o those_o at_o present_a yet_o a_o little_a more_o than_o a_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o present_a water_n will_v have_v near_o a_o eighti_v part_n of_o the_o present_a surface_n beside_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o as_o our_o ocean_n afford_v vast_a quantity_n for_o vapour_n so_o the_o much_o great_a part_n of_o those_o vapour_n return_v upon_o itself_o again_o and_o be_v of_o no_o use_n to_o the_o dry_a land_n especial_o in_o the_o middle_a part_n from_o whence_o the_o cloud_n seldom_o or_o never_o march_v so_o far_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o that_o purpose_n nay_o i_o will_v venture_v to_o say_v that_o near_o the_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o water_n of_o our_o present_a ocean_n may_v be_v so_o dispose_v of_o in_o the_o plain_n and_o small_a valley_n of_o our_o present_a earth_n as_o to_o afford_v not_o much_o less_o surface_n and_o so_o not_o much_o less_o vapour_n than_o it_o do_v at_o present_a if_o once_o all_o those_o middle_a part_n be_v away_o whence_o little_a or_o nothing_o do_v accrue_v to_o the_o dry_a land_n which_o alone_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o it_o which_o thing_n be_v suppose_v as_o they_o be_v i_o think_v undeniable_o true_a i_o answer_v thus_o 1._o i_o never_o assign_v the_o sun_n as_o the_o sole_a cause_n of_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o vapour_n at_o the_o time_n refer_v to_o my_o word_n be_v 242._o n._n t._n p._n 242._o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o continual_a assistance_n of_o the_o central_n heat_n from_o which_o assistance_n mr._n keill_n may_v imagine_v that_o i_o believe_v vast_a quantity_n of_o vapour_n will_v be_v raise_v at_o a_o time_n when_o it_o be_v real_o great_a and_o have_v a_o much_o free_a passage_n since_o i_o still_o derive_v so_o much_o of_o the_o vapour_n of_o our_o present_a river_n from_o it_o even_o after_o its_o enclosure_n within_o the_o crust_n of_o earth_n consolidate_v together_o 2._o i_o fear_v not_o to_o assert_v that_o a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o water_n now_o raise_v in_o a_o year_n when_o it_o fall_v regular_o and_o constant_o in_o equal_a dew_n and_o go_v not_o off_o in_o violent_a rain_n and_o torrent_n not_o insufficient_a for_o the_o antediluvian_n earth_n 3._o at_o a_o time_n when_o the_o ground_n be_v every_o night_n very_o wet_a with_o a_o mighty_a dew_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o dry_a land_n do_v afford_v much_o more_o vapour_n than_o the_o present_a surface_n which_o be_v only_o sometime_o wet_a with_o some_o uncertain_a shower_n and_o that_o in_o some_o particular_a place_n only_o 4._o the_o channel_n or_o receptacle_n of_o the_o water_n will_v scarce_o then_o be_v similar_v to_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o ocean_n now_o but_o more_o level_a and_o shallow_a which_o will_v still_o make_v the_o surface_n large_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o solid_a content_a and_o so_o afford_v much_o more_o vapour_n for_o the_o supply_n of_o the_o earth_n proportionable_o 5._o if_o all_o my_o own_o computation_n fail_v i_o will_v for_o once_o beg_v one_o of_o mr._n keill_n which_o will_v certain_o help_v we_o over_o this_o difficulty_n though_o it_o increase_v upon_o we_o by_o his_o next_o which_o take_v away_o nine_o ten_o of_o our_o former_a quantity_n by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o that_o be_v from_o his_o assertion_n which_o we_o shall_v come_v to_o by_o and_o by_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o the_o time_n assign_v be_v several_a hundred_o of_o time_n as_o great_a as_o at_o present_a now_o though_o i_o shall_v show_v anon_o that_o this_o computation_n be_v much_o too_o great_a yet_o let_v we_o allow_v but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o that_o and_o it_o will_v set_v we_o over_o this_o difficulty_n for_o if_o the_o heat_n be_v but_o twenty_o time_n as_o great_a it_o will_v in_o the_o same_o space_n elevate_v twenty_o time_n as_o many_o vapour_n which_o i_o hope_v will_v satisfy_v even_o mr._n keill'_v own_o expectation_n and_o be_v from_o his_o own_o assertion_n will_v be_v allow_v as_o satisfactory_a in_o the_o present_a case_n but_o after_o all_o sure_a mr._n keill_n have_v forget_v that_o solution_n in_o my_o theory_n whence_o all_o this_o objection_n be_v raise_v otherwise_o he_o will_v have_v see_v that_o the_o vast_a quantity_n of_o vapour_n in_o the_o air_n on_o the_o second_o day_n of_o the_o creation_n come_v thither_o in_o way_n very_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o raise_v of_o they_o now_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o our_o present_a ocean_n at_o a_o time_n when_o neither_o its_o surface_n nor_o itself_o be_v in_o be_v which_o therefore_o have_v little_a to_o do_v with_o all_o the_o computation_n use_v by_o mr._n keill_n upon_o this_o occasion_n neither_o have_v the_o next_o objection_n any_o more_o weight_n in_o it_o that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v call_v by_o moses_n water_n under_o the_o firmament_n and_o so_o be_v of_o a_o different_a nature_n and_o original_a from_o those_o in_o the_o air_n which_o be_v water_n above_o the_o firmament_n whereas_o i_o derive_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o suppose_v the_o sea_n to_o have_v once_o be_v vapour_n and_o so_o part_v of_o the_o other_o water_n for_o certain_o if_o vapour_n in_o the_o air_n or_o water_n above_o the_o firmament_n fall_v down_o become_v water_n and_o run_v into_o the_o sea_n they_o must_v be_v allow_v to_o change_v their_o name_n and_o become_v water_n below_o the_o firmament_n i_o be_o sure_a this_o change_n be_v no_o new_a thing_n but_o have_v be_v continual_a from_o the_o creation_n till_o our_o time_n every_o day_n vapour_n become_v rain_n and_o run_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o sea_n be_v every_o day_n resolve_v into_o small_a part_n and_o become_v vapour_n and_o so_o the_o inferior_a and_o the_o superior_a water_n still_o communicate_v with_o and_o supply_v each_o other_o and_o according_o change_v their_o denomination_n perpetual_o and_o true_o this_o and_o the_o next_o shadow_n of_o a_o difficulty_n about_o the_o appearance_n of_o the_o dry_a land_n may_v have_v be_v so_o easy_o avoid_v by_o a_o little_a more_o careful_a perusal_n of_o a_o solution_n or_o two_o in_o my_o theory_n that_o mr._n keill_n need_v not_o have_v desire_v a_o far_a answer_n we_o be_v now_o come_v to_o the_o great_a point_n of_o the_o inconvenience_n which_o will_v arise_v from_o the_o long_a day_n and_o night_n in_o my_o first_o hypothesis_n and_o how_o entire_o they_o all_o vanish_v upon_o that_o additional_a one_o of_o the_o elliptic_a orbit_n till_o the_o fall_n now_o though_o mr._n keill_n do_v not_o disow_v that_o his_o former_a objection_n be_v of_o no_o force_n against_o i_o now_o yet_o because_o this_o additional_a hypothesis_n do_v not_o appear_v before_o in_o my_o theory_n he_o think_v it_o not_o worth_a while_n to_o confute_v it_o which_o be_v true_o a_o short_a and_o easy_a way_n of_o answer_v now_o for_o my_o part_n i_o be_o far_o from_o think_v worse_o of_o any_o discovery_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o time_n in_o which_o it_o be_v make_v and_o if_o i_o can_v show_v good_a reason_n for_o this_o as_o i_o