be_v fain_o to_o make_v the_o best_a shift_n he_o can_v which_o be_v a_o very_a bad_a one_o and_o still_o the_o worse_o by_o his_o management_n but_o so_o far_o be_v the_o theorist_n mistake_v in_o this_o point_n that_o suppose_v the_o great_a agitation_n of_o the_o vapour_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o their_o true_a course_n will_v be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o what_o he_o assert_n namely_o from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o not_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o south_n part_n of_o the_o world_n for_o they_o will_v be_v carry_v that_o way_n by_o a_o wind_n which_o will_v continual_o blow_v from_o east_n to_o west_n this_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o prove_v demonstrative_o thus_o since_o therefore_o this_o be_v clear_o agreeable_a both_o to_o reason_n and_o observation_n there_o be_v no_o further_a doubt_n to_o be_v make_v of_o it_o the_o wind_n therefore_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n blow_v continual_o from_o east_n to_o west_n must_v of_o necessity_n carry_v with_o it_o all_o those_o body_n which_o swim_v in_o it_o and_o be_v of_o the_o same_o density_n with_o itself_o all_o the_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n therefore_o that_o can_v be_v draw_v either_o from_o the_o abyss_n or_o earth_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n since_o they_o swim_v in_o a_o air_n of_o the_o same_o density_n with_o themselves_o must_v be_v carry_v from_o east_n to_o west_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o be_v always_o direct_v that_o way_n and_o now_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v plain_a even_o to_o the_o theorist_n himself_o though_o man_n be_v seldom_o convince_v of_o the_o falsehood_n of_o their_o own_o notion_n that_o the_o vapour_n which_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o sun_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n can_v never_o have_v reach_v either_o of_o the_o pole_n and_o therefore_o most_o part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v still_o have_v be_v without_o water_n since_o it_o be_v impossible_a any_o supply_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o they_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la chap._n vi_o of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o theorist_n as_o he_o think_v have_v find_v a_o sufficient_a stock_n of_o water_n for_o the_o supply_n of_o all_o the_o river_n in_o the_o earth_n do_v now_o enter_v upon_o the_o solution_n of_o another_o great_a difficulty_n which_o be_v to_o show_v how_o in_o a_o smooth_a and_o regular_a earth_n the_o water_n can_v run_v and_o what_o way_n they_o will_v take_v their_o course_n after_o their_o arrival_n at_o the_o pole_n in_o vapour_n for_o since_o there_o be_v no_o hill_n nor_o mountain_n nor_o high_a land_n in_o the_o first_o earth_n the_o vapour_n fall_v in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n and_o towards_o the_o pole_n there_o it_o seem_v they_o will_v stand_v in_o lake_n and_o pool_n have_v no_o descent_n one_o way_n more_o than_o another_o the_o theorist_n therefore_o to_o take_v off_o the_o objection_n will_v have_v the_o earth_n not_o to_o be_v of_o a_o exact_a spherical_a but_o a_o oval_a figure_n in_o which_o he_o say_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o polar_a part_n be_v high_a than_o the_o aequinoctial_a that_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o centre_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o figure_n and_o this_o he_o tell_v we_o will_v do_v the_o business_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o vapour_n which_o fall_v at_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v have_v a_o continual_a descent_n towards_o the_o middle_a part_n thereof_o and_o by_o consequence_n it_o will_v be_v a_o sufficient_a descent_n for_o the_o run_n of_o rivers_n now_o i_o will_v ready_o grant_v that_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o spherical_a but_o spheroidical_a but_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n why_o it_o shall_v be_v a_o oblong_a spheroid_fw-fr and_o not_o a_o broad_a one_o for_o it_o may_v be_v of_o a_o spheroidical_a figure_n though_o the_o axis_n of_o it_o be_v short_a than_o the_o diameter_n of_o its_o equator_fw-la and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v by_o what_o mean_v the_o vapour_n will_v flow_v from_o the_o pole_n to_o the_o equator_fw-la but_o the_o theorist_n give_v we_o a_o account_n how_o the_o earth_n come_v to_o be_v form_v after_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o oblong_a spheroid_fw-fr it_o be_v true_a say_v he_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v as_o fluid_v a_o substance_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o creation_n and_o stand_v immovable_a without_o turn_v round_o its_o own_o axis_n it_o will_v certain_o settle_v itself_o into_o a_o spherical_a figure_n but_o because_o it_o turn_v very_o swift_o round_o its_o axis_n the_o fluid_a by_o that_o agitation_n will_v endeavour_v to_o recede_v from_o its_o centre_n of_o motion_n and_o form_n itself_o into_o a_o figure_n very_o near_o oval_a as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o any_o lake_n when_o the_o water_n be_v drive_v by_o the_o wind_n upon_o the_o land_n the_o wave_n extend_v themselves_o in_o length_n so_o in_o our_o watery_a globe_n which_o be_v turn_v about_o its_o own_o axis_n the_o whole_a bulk_n of_o water_n under_o the_o equator_fw-la be_v much_o more_o agitate_a than_o that_o which_o be_v towards_o the_o pole_n where_o the_o fluid_a in_o its_o diurnal_a motion_n describe_v lesser_a circle_n it_o will_v endeavour_v to_o recede_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o its_o motion_n and_o because_o it_o can_v get_v quite_o off_o and_o fly_v away_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o air_n which_o every_o way_n press_v upon_o it_o and_o the_o straitness_n of_o its_o orb_n in_o these_o place_n neither_o can_v it_o flow_v back_o without_o a_o great_a check_n and_o resistance_n from_o the_o same_o air_n it_o can_v not_o otherwise_o free_v itself_o than_o by_o flow_v towards_o the_o side_n for_o water_n which_o be_v hinder_v in_o their_o motion_n will_v take_v the_o easy_a course_n they_o can_v have_v now_o from_o this_o detrusion_n of_o the_o water_n towards_o the_o side_n the_o part_n towards_o the_o pole_n must_v come_v to_o be_v much_o increase_v and_o those_o towards_o the_o equator_fw-la discharge_v of_o abundance_n of_o water_n which_o otherwise_o will_v have_v lie_v upon_o they_o and_o by_o consequence_n the_o earth_n must_v have_v be_v of_o a_o oblong_a or_o a_o oval_a figure_n i_o come_v now_o to_o examine_v the_o theorist_n reason_n by_o which_o he_o prove_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v of_o a_o oblong_a spheroidical_a figure_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o fluid_a under_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v much_o more_o agitate_a than_o that_o which_o be_v towards_o the_o pole_n which_o describe_v in_o its_o diurnal_a motion_n lesser_a arch_n and_o because_o it_o can_v quite_o get_v off_o and_o fly_v away_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o air_n which_o every_o way_n press_v upon_o it_o it_o can_v no_o other_o way_n free_v itself_o than_o by_o flow_v towards_o the_o side_n and_o consequent_o form_v the_o earth_n into_o a_o oval_a figure_n that_o the_o reader_n may_v observe_v how_o excellent_a the_o theorist_n be_v at_o draw_v conclusion_n i_o will_v put_v this_o reason_n in_o other_o word_n thus_o all_o body_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n diurnal_a rotation_n do_v endeavour_n to_o recede_v from_o the_o axis_n of_o their_o motion_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o straightness_n of_o the_o orb_n they_o can_v recede_v from_o the_o axis_n of_o their_o motion_n therefore_o they_o will_v move_v towards_o the_o pole_n where_o they_o will_v come_v near_o to_o the_o axis_n of_o their_o motion_n as_o if_o you_o will_v suppose_v a_o body_n at_o the_o aequator_fw-la which_o do_v endeavour_n to_o recede_v from_o the_o axis_n of_o its_o motion_n but_o because_o it_o can_v quite_o fly_v off_o and_o get_v away_o therefore_o it_o will_v move_v towards_o the_o pole_n that_o be_v it_o will_v come_v near_o to_o the_o axis_n of_o its_o motion_n than_o if_o it_o have_v stay_v at_o the_o aequator_fw-la it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o the_o theorist_n in_o this_o part_n have_v endeavour_v to_o give_v we_o a_o proof_n of_o his_o great_a skill_n in_o logick_n for_o he_o from_o a_o possible_a supposition_n have_v endeavour_v direct_o to_o prove_v its_o contradictory_n that_o be_v because_o all_o body_n do_v endeavour_v to_o recede_v from_o the_o axis_n of_o their_o motion_n therefore_o they_o will_v endeavour_v to_o go_v to_o the_o axis_n of_o their_o motion_n but_o i_o will_v now_o examine_v his_o argument_n more_o particular_o and_o first_o i_o will_v grant_v to_o the_o theorist_n that_o all_o body_n turn_v round_o about_o any_o centre_n do_v endeavour_v to_o recede_v from_o it_o and_o fly_v off_o in_o the_o tangent_fw-la for_o this_o be_v both_o evident_a to_o reason_n and_o experience_n but_o since_o the_o air_n do_v always_o move_v round_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o
air_n be_v not_o able_a to_o produce_v any_o such_o effect_n for_o if_o the_o air_n make_v real_o any_o alteration_n in_o the_o vibration_n of_o a_o pendulum_n it_o will_v produce_v a_o quite_o contrary_a effect_n than_o what_o be_v observe_v for_o pendulum_n near_o the_o aequator_fw-la will_v move_v fast_o than_o they_o will_v do_v in_o place_n of_o great_a latitude_n the_o air_n in_o the_o one_o place_n be_v more_o rarify_v be_v much_o thin_a and_o fine_a than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o give_v less_o resistance_n to_o body_n which_o move_v in_o it_o in_o this_o reason_n we_o have_v suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o have_v be_v at_o first_o fluid_n as_o the_o theorist_n have_v do_v before_o we_o but_o if_o we_o will_v put_v the_o case_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v at_o first_o partly_o fluid_a and_o partly_o dry_a as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a yet_o because_o we_o find_v that_o the_o land_n be_v very_o near_o of_o the_o same_o figure_n with_o the_o sea_n only_o raise_v a_o little_a high_o that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v overflow_v compose_v with_o it_o the_o same_o solid_a and_o i_o have_v already_o show_v that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v spheroidical_a and_o not_o spherical_a there_o be_v no_o doubt_n to_o be_v make_v but_o that_o the_o land_n be_v form_v into_o the_o same_o figure_n by_o its_o wise_a creator_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n for_o if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o then_o will_v the_o land_n towards_o the_o aequator_fw-la have_v be_v overflow_v with_o water_n which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v must_v have_v be_v high_a at_o the_o aequator_fw-la then_o at_o the_o pole_n and_o therefore_o the_o sea_n will_v rise_v there_o and_o spread_v itself_o like_o a_o inundation_n upon_o all_o the_o land_n but_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o spheroidical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n let_v we_o consider_v some_o of_o the_o other_o planet_n especial_o jupiter_n who_o turn_v round_o his_o own_o axis_n in_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o hour_n it_o may_v easy_o be_v observe_v that_o his_o axis_n be_v considerable_o short_a than_o the_o diameter_n of_o his_o aequator_fw-la and_o that_o in_o the_o proportion_n of_o seven_o to_o eight_o be_v the_o observation_n of_o mr._n flamstead_n and_o mons._n casini_n do_v testify_v and_o therefore_o we_o need_v not_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v a_o planet_n like_o the_o rest_n and_o turn_v round_o its_o axis_n as_o they_o do_v be_v of_o the_o same_o figure_n but_o the_o theorist_n in_o his_o latin_a edition_n of_o the_o theory_n as_o also_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr_n warren_n seem_v to_o insinuate_v that_o the_o only_a way_n to_o find_v the_o true_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v by_o measure_v of_o it_o and_o by_o that_o mean_n to_o find_v what_o proportion_n the_o degree_n of_o the_o meridian_n in_o different_a latitude_n have_v to_o one_o another_o for_o if_o they_o be_v exact_o equal_v one_o to_o another_o and_o also_o equal_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n count_v upon_o the_o aequator_fw-la then_o without_o doubt_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v spherical_a but_o if_o otherwise_o spheroidical_a now_o though_o i_o have_v already_o determine_v the_o earth_n figure_n from_o other_o principle_n yet_o to_o comply_v with_o the_o theorist_n in_o this_o point_n i_o will_v give_v he_o a_o account_n of_o a_o book_n who_o extract_n i_o have_v see_v in_o the_o acta_fw-la eruditorum_fw-la lipsiae_fw-la publicata_fw-la for_o the_o year_n 1691._o write_v by_o one_o joh._n casp_n eisenschmidt_n a_o german_n who_o call_v himself_o doctor_n of_o philosophy_n and_o physic_n the_o title_n of_o the_o book_n be_v diatrihe_n de_fw-fr figura_fw-la telluris_fw-la elliprico-sphaeroide_a and_o it_o be_v print_v at_o strasburg_n in_o the_o year_n 1691._o the_o learned_a and_o deep-thinking_a author_n of_o this_o book_n after_o he_o have_v answer_v at_o least_o have_v endeavour_v to_o answer_v the_o argument_n of_o archimedes_n and_o other_o by_o which_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v prove_v to_o be_v spherical_a do_v embrace_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o theorist_n and_o assert_n that_o its_o pole_n be_v high_a or_o further_a distant_a from_o the_o centre_n than_o its_o aequator_fw-la to_o prove_v this_o he_o set_v down_o a_o account_n of_o the_o different_a magnitude_n of_o degree_n of_o the_o meridian_n according_a to_o the_o observation_n make_v of_o they_o in_o different_a latitude_n and_o compare_v they_o one_o with_o another_o he_o find_v that_o they_o continual_o decrease_v as_o the_o latitude_n increase_v and_o indeed_o as_o he_o say_v in_o the_o same_o proportion_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o follow_a table_n which_o i_o have_v insert_v from_o the_o above_o name_v extract_n observer_n the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n observe_v the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o degree_n in_o roman_a miles_n eratosthenes_n 27°_n 100_o ricciolus_n 44½°_n 80_o mons._n piccard_n 49°_n 74_o fernellius_fw-la 49½°_n 73½_n snellius_n 52°_n 71⅓_n from_o this_o he_o conclude_v that_o a_o plane_n cut_v the_o earth_n along_o its_o axis_n will_v not_o be_v a_o circle_n but_o a_o ellipsis_n who_o long_a axis_n will_v pass_v through_o the_o pole_n and_o coincide_n with_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o its_o lesser_a axis_n will_v be_v the_o common_a section_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la with_o the_o ellipsis_n and_o from_o thence_o he_o infer_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o of_o a_o spherical_a but_o a_o oblong_o spheroidical_a figure_n after_o that_o he_o dispute_v against_o mr._n newtons_n hypothesis_n which_o make_v the_o earth_n of_o a_o direct_a contrary_a figure_n and_o think_v that_o the_o accurate_a observation_n by_o he_o relate_v be_v by_o far_o to_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o hypothesis_n upon_o which_o mr._n newtons_n calculus_fw-la be_v ground_v so_o far_o be_v this_o argument_n draw_v from_o observation_n from_o destroy_a mr._n newtons_n hypothesis_n that_o it_o will_v most_o evident_o confirm_v it_o if_o the_o observation_n be_v exact_a enough_o which_o i_o believe_v they_o be_v not_o i_o can_v but_o wonder_v at_o the_o strange_a logick_n of_o our_o modern_a philosopher_n who_o be_v able_a to_o draw_v any_o conclusion_n they_o have_v a_o mind_n for_o from_o any_o principle_n that_o can_v be_v give_v they_o no_o man_n that_o look_v narrow_o into_o their_o book_n can_v want_v instance_n in_o this_o matter_n but_o in_o case_n this_o be_v not_o so_o well_o observe_v i_o have_v furnish_v the_o reader_n with_o two_o example_n of_o this_o sort_n the_o one_o be_v the_o theorist_n way_n by_o which_o he_o prove_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v of_o a_o oblong_a or_o oval_a figure_n from_o the_o principle_n of_o a_o centrifugal_a force_n which_o all_o body_n have_v that_o be_v on_o it_o now_o i_o think_v i_o have_v plain_o show_v that_o the_o true_a conclusion_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v infer_v from_o this_o hypothesis_n be_v that_o the_o earth_n have_v a_o quite_o contrary_a figure_n from_o what_o he_o fancy_v it_o have_v but_o mr._n eisenchmidt_n have_v give_v we_o a_o yet_o plain_o proof_n of_o this_o thing_n for_o because_o he_o find_v that_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n near_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v big_a than_o those_o which_o be_v near_o the_o pole_n he_o very_o innocent_o conclude_v that_o the_o earth_n have_v its_o axis_n long_o than_o the_o diameter_n of_o its_o equator_fw-la but_o if_o he_o have_v understand_v the_o first_o six_o element_n of_o euclid_n or_o indeed_o those_o of_o common_a sense_n he_o may_v easy_o have_v demonstrate_v the_o contrary_a it_o be_v strange_a that_o when_o there_o be_v but_o one_o right_a and_o one_o wrong_v opinion_n in_o this_o point_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v so_o unlucky_a as_o to_o hit_v upon_o the_o false_a one_o to_o maintain_v it_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n hitherto_o i_o have_v refute_v the_o theorist_n for_o motion_n position_n and_o figure_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n i_o be_o now_o to_o consider_v his_o method_n of_o dissolve_v the_o fabric_n he_o have_v raise_v and_o to_o examine_v how_o and_o by_o what_o cause_n the_o first_o earth_n which_o have_v all_o the_o beauty_n of_o youth_n and_o bloom_a nature_n fresh_a and_o fruitful_a and_o not_o a_o wrinkle_n or_o scar_n on_o all_o its_o body_n come_v to_o be_v dissolve_v how_o the_o fabric_n be_v break_v and_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o whole_a tear_v in_o piece_n how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v a_o shatter_a and_o confuse_a heap_n of_o body_n as_o we_o now_o see_v it_o place_v in_o no_o order_n one_o to_o another_o nor_o with_o any_o correspondency_n or_o regularity_n of_o part_n as_o the_o theorist_n represent_v it_o to_o be_v he_o tell_v we_o that_o one_o will_v soon_o imagine_v that_o such_o a_o structure_n as_o that_o of_o the_o first_o earth_n
from_o the_o abyss_n in_o place_n near_o the_o equinoctial_a as_o he_o suppose_v yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o it_o shall_v ever_o reach_v the_o pole_n there_o to_o form_v the_o spring_n from_o which_o the_o river_n be_v to_o run_v or_o if_o vapour_n be_v once_o bring_v to_o the_o pole_n by_o whatever_o cause_n we_o can_v imagine_v yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o they_o shall_v ever_o run_v back_o from_o the_o pole_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la since_o according_a to_o he_o the_o earth_n be_v perfect_o smooth_a and_o uniform_a without_o any_o upper_a ground_n from_o whence_o the_o water_n be_v to_o descend_v to_o the_o low_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n 5_o thly_a the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o theorist_n right_o affirm_v not_o to_o have_v be_v exact_o spherical_a because_o at_o the_o commencement_n of_o the_o diurnal_a rotation_n it_o be_v fluid_a all_o the_o part_n of_o it_o will_v endeavour_v to_o recede_v from_o the_o axis_n of_o their_o motion_n but_o as_o he_o have_v guess_v that_o it_o do_v settle_v into_o a_o oblong_a spheroidical_a or_o oval_a figure_n on_o no_o other_o account_n that_o i_o know_v of_o but_o because_o he_o think_v such_o a_o one_o will_v best_o answer_v his_o design_n so_o i_o think_v i_o have_v clear_o enough_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o earth_n have_v form_v itself_o into_o a_o quite_o contrary_a figure_n who_o axis_n be_v short_a than_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o i_o have_v prove_v from_o observation_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v real_o of_o such_o a_o figure_n 6_o thly_a the_o cause_v the_o theorist_n have_v assign_v for_o the_o break_n of_o the_o outward_a crust_n which_o he_o affirm_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o this_o i_o have_v clear_o prove_v to_o be_v a_o cause_n altogether_o insufficient_a for_o such_o a_o effect_n since_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v never_o reach_v so_o far_o into_o so_o thick_a a_o crust_n as_o to_o be_v great_a enough_o to_o raise_v water_n into_o vapour_n but_o last_o grant_v the_o crust_n to_o have_v be_v break_v and_o to_o have_v fall_v down_o into_o the_o abyss_n yet_o i_o have_v prove_v from_o the_o theorist_n own_o principle_n that_o there_o can_v follow_v no_o universal_a deluge_n there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n throughout_o the_o whole_a examination_n i_o have_v observe_v the_o theorist_n advice_n and_o have_v consider_v only_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o theory_n without_o make_v any_o excursion_n upon_o thing_n that_o be_v accidental_a and_o collateral_a which_o as_o he_o say_v do_v not_o destroy_v his_o hypothesis_n these_o be_v the_o main_a foundation_n on_o which_o his_o theory_n be_v build_v and_o since_o i_o have_v prove_v they_o all_o to_o be_v not_o only_o precarious_a but_o impossible_a his_o whole_a hypothesis_n must_v fall_v with_o they_o perhaps_o many_o of_o his_o reader_n will_v be_v sorry_a to_o be_v undeceive_v for_o as_o i_o believe_v never_o any_o book_n be_v full_a of_o error_n and_o mistake_v in_o philosophy_n so_o none_o ever_o abound_v with_o more_o beautiful_a scene_n and_o surprise_a image_n of_o nature_n but_o i_o write_v only_o to_o those_o who_o may_v perhaps_o expect_v to_o find_v a_o true_a philosophy_n in_o it_o they_o who_o read_v it_o as_o a_o ingenious_a romance_n will_v still_o be_v please_v with_o their_o entertainment_n finis_fw-la some_o remarke_n on_o m_n r._n whiston_n theory_n of_o the_o earth_n though_o i_o think_v it_o impossible_a to_o give_v a_o true_a and_o mechanical_a account_n of_o that_o great_a deluge_n of_o water_n which_o once_o overflow_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n it_o be_v a_o work_n not_o to_o be_v perform_v without_o the_o extraordinary_a contrivance_n of_o the_o divine_a power_n yet_o i_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v that_o mr._n whiston_n the_o ingenious_a author_n of_o this_o new_a theory_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v make_v great_a discovery_n and_o proceed_v on_o more_o philosophical_a principle_n than_o all_o the_o theorist_n before_o he_o have_v do_v in_o his_o theory_n there_o be_v some_o very_a strange_a co-incident_n which_o make_v it_o indeed_o probable_a that_o a_o comet_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n pass_v by_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v surprise_v to_o observe_v the_o exact_a correspondence_n between_o the_o lunar_a and_o solar_a year_n upon_o the_o supposition_n of_o a_o circular_a orbit_n in_o which_o the_o earth_n move_v before_o the_o deluge_n it_o can_v but_o raise_v admiration_n in_o we_o when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n be_v in_o its_o perihelion_n which_o will_v be_v the_o necessary_a effect_n of_o a_o comet_n that_o pass_v by_o at_o that_o time_n in_o draw_v it_o from_o a_o circular_a to_o a_o elliptical_a orbit_n this_o together_o with_o the_o consideration_n that_o the_o moon_n be_v exact_o in_o such_o a_o place_n of_o its_o orbit_n at_o that_o time_n as_o equal_o attract_v with_o the_o earth_n when_o the_o comet_n pass_v by_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o very_a convince_a argument_n that_o a_o comet_n real_o come_v very_o near_o and_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n on_o the_o day_n the_o deluge_n begin_v but_o notwithstanding_o this_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v be_v evident_a by_o the_o follow_a consideration_n that_o a_o comet_n can_v never_o have_v produce_v those_o various_a effect_n that_o mr._n whiston_n have_v attribute_v to_o it_o and_o it_o will_v also_o further_o appear_v that_o the_o deluge_n be_v the_o immediate_a work_n of_o the_o divine_a power_n and_o that_o no_o secondary_a cause_n without_o the_o interposition_n of_o omnipotence_n can_v have_v bring_v such_o a_o effect_n to_o pass_v but_o first_o i_o will_v make_v some_o remark_n on_o the_o origin_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n and_o method_n by_o which_o mr._n whiston_n suppose_v it_o be_v form_v mr._n whiston_n first_o hypothesis_n be_v that_o the_o ancient_a chaos_n the_o origin_n of_o our_o earth_n be_v the_o atmosphere_n of_o a_o comet_n but_o this_o supposition_n though_o he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v it_o by_o several_a argument_n do_v not_o seem_v probable_a for_o the_o reason_n follow_v first_o the_o scripture_n represent_v the_o primitive_a ancient_a chaos_n as_o a_o very_a dark_a and_o obscure_a body_n for_o they_o say_v that_o it_o be_v without_o form_n and_o void_a and_o that_o darkness_n be_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o deep_a this_o will_v further_o appear_v by_o the_o next_o verse_n where_o god_n be_v say_v to_o have_v make_v light_n upon_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o creation_n which_o be_v a_o clear_a proof_n that_o there_o be_v none_o before_o that_o time_n but_o that_o the_o whole_a chaos_n be_v original_o a_o dark_a and_o confuse_a heap_n of_o body_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a by_o the_o testimony_n of_o all_o those_o who_o have_v make_v any_o observation_n about_o comet_n that_o their_o atmosphere_n be_v very_o bright_a and_o luminous_a fluid_n through_o which_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n diffuse_v themselves_o very_o free_o and_o many_o of_o they_o be_v again_o reflect_v back_o to_o we_o and_o indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v their_o pellucidness_n and_o the_o vast_a quantity_n of_o light_n which_o pass_v through_o they_o without_o reflection_n it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o imagine_v how_o they_o shall_v appear_v so_o lucid_a to_o our_o eye_n nor_o do_v i_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o find_v among_o all_o the_o pellucid_a body_n of_o our_o earth_n any_o one_o which_o be_v place_v at_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o we_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o comet_n be_v will_v appear_v so_o bright_a or_o reflect_v the_o light_n so_o strong_o as_o they_o do_v for_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o diaphanous_a body_n be_v not_o so_o luminous_a nor_o do_v they_o reflect_v light_n in_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o it_o be_v reflect_v from_o opake_v body_n it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o the_o light_n by_o which_o we_o perceive_v a_o comet_n be_v only_o reflect_v from_o the_o top_n of_o its_o atmosphere_n and_o that_o it_o do_v not_o pass_v through_o the_o body_n of_o it_o to_o illuminate_v all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v therefore_o involve_v in_o thick_a darkness_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o light_n pass_v clear_o through_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o illuminate_v the_o central_a solid_a which_o strong_o reflect_v the_o light_n to_o we_o back_o again_o i_o know_v mr._n whiston_n suppose_v that_o this_o great_a darkness_n mention_v in_o the_o scripture_n proceed_v from_o the_o subside_v of_o the_o vast_a dense_n and_o heavy_a fluid_a or_o large_a abyss_n which_o he_o say_v encompass_v the_o central_a solid_a and_o be_v itself_o cover_v over_o
as_o happen_v from_o pure_a mechanical_a principle_n and_o cause_n and_o the_o true_a reason_n why_o there_o remain_v no_o record_n or_o tradition_n of_o fact_n do_v in_o the_o time_n beyond_o four_o or_o five_o thousand_o year_n be_v because_o there_o have_v happen_v a_o deluge_n the_o memory_n of_o which_o be_v still_o preserve_v and_o this_o deluge_n be_v the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o natural_a cause_n do_v sweep_v away_o all_o mankind_n and_o with_o they_o the_o memorial_n of_o all_o former_a age_n only_o a_o couple_n of_o ignorant_a country_n people_n some_o way_n or_o other_o save_v themselves_o from_o the_o universal_a catastrophe_n and_o from_o their_o offspring_n the_o earth_n be_v again_o replenish_v and_o art_n and_o science_n invent_v which_o our_o forefather_n before_o that_o deluge_n understand_v more_o perfect_o than_o we_o do_v now_o this_o they_o will_v tell_v you_o be_v their_o hypothesis_n and_o they_o will_v not_o be_v beat_v easy_o from_o it_o since_o it_o may_v be_v defend_v as_o well_o as_o any_o other_o philosophical_a theory_n which_o pretend_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o origination_n of_o the_o world_n and_o be_v as_o precarious_a as_o their_o own_o system_fw-la of_o principle_n which_o they_o pretend_v be_v very_o possible_a since_o several_a philosopher_n have_v show_v various_a way_n how_o there_o may_v have_v happen_v so_o universal_a a_o deluge_n from_o mechanical_a principle_n and_o the_o necessary_a law_n of_o motion_n thus_o we_o see_v how_o these_o flood-maker_n have_v give_v the_o atheist_n a_o argument_n to_o uphold_v their_o cause_n which_o i_o think_v can_v only_o be_v true_o answer_v by_o prove_v a_o universal_a deluge_n from_o mechanical_a cause_n altogether_o impossible_a and_o therefore_o i_o design_v to_o show_v that_o the_o most_o ingenious_a theory_n frame_v upon_o that_o account_n come_v far_o short_a of_o the_o design_n of_o the_o framer_n and_o that_o the_o great_a and_o wonderful_a effect_n which_o they_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v can_v never_o have_v rise_v from_o the_o cause_n they_o assign_v this_o i_o intend_v to_o do_v by_o show_v that_o their_o theory_n be_v neither_o consonant_n to_o the_o establish_a law_n of_o motion_n nor_o to_o the_o acknowledge_a principle_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n of_o that_o philosophy_n i_o mean_v which_o be_v found_v upon_o observation_n and_o calculation_n both_o which_o be_v undoubted_o the_o most_o certain_a principle_n that_o a_o philosopher_n can_v build_v upon_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o think_v that_o a_o system_fw-la of_o natural_a philosophy_n can_v be_v frame_v without_o the_o assistance_n of_o both_o for_o without_o observation_n we_o can_v never_o know_v the_o appearance_n and_o force_n of_o nature_n and_o without_o geometry_n &_o arithmetic_n we_o can_v never_o discover_v whether_o the_o cause_n we_o assign_v be_v proportional_a to_o the_o effect_n we_o pretend_v to_o explain_v this_o the_o various_a system_n of_o the_o philosopher_n do_v evident_o show_v which_o be_v by_o far_o more_o distant_a from_o the_o truth_n than_o they_o be_v from_o one_o another_o and_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v appear_v yet_o plain_o by_o the_o follow_a examination_n of_o dr._n burnet_n theory_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o though_o it_o have_v be_v publish_v many_o year_n and_o have_v be_v animadvert_v upon_o by_o several_a yet_o it_o have_v not_o be_v so_o full_o refute_v as_o it_o may_v have_v be_v nor_o have_v any_o one_o show_v the_o great_a mistake_n in_o it_o nay_o mr._n erasmus_n warren_n who_o have_v write_v the_o great_a volume_n against_o it_o in_o my_o opinion_n have_v speak_v the_o least_o sense_n about_o it_o he_o begin_v his_o discourse_n with_o a_o say_n of_o a_o old_a heathen_a that_o philosophy_n be_v the_o great_a gift_n that_o ever_o god_n bestow_v on_o man_n which_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v since_o he_o have_v be_v at_o so_o much_o pain_n to_o make_v a_o panegyric_n on_o the_o usefulness_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v plain_a to_o any_o who_o will_v be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o read_v his_o book_n that_o god_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o bestow_v but_o very_o little_a of_o that_o great_a gift_n upon_o he_o and_o that_o the_o world_n may_v not_o think_v that_o this_o be_v say_v out_o of_o ill_a nature_n and_o without_o ground_n i_o will_v give_v they_o a_o taste_n of_o his_o philosophy_n geometry_n or_o geography_n call_v it_o which_o you_o please_v he_o design_n to_o calculate_v how_o much_o cold_o the_o pole_n will_v be_v if_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o a_o oval_a figure_n than_o if_o it_o be_v perfect_o spherical_a to_o do_v which_o he_o suppose_v that_o a_o circle_n form_v into_o a_o moderate_a oval_n will_v have_v its_o pole_n at_o least_o a_o forty_o part_n far_o distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la than_o if_o it_o be_v perfecty_a spherical_a 116._o now_o according_a to_o this_o proportion_n allow_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v 7000._o mile_n in_o diameter_n and_o add_v a_o four_o part_n to_o render_v it_o oval_a viz._n 1750_o mile_n thickness_n the_o earth_n at_o each_o pole_n must_v bear_v above_o fourteen_o degree_n latitude_n more_o than_o if_o it_o have_v be_v round_o so_o that_o the_o hypothesis_n which_o remove_v its_o pole_n so_o much_o far_o from_o the_o sun_n must_v also_o allow_v the_o cold_a thereabouts_o to_o be_v proportionable_o augment_v and_o though_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o four_o degree_n of_o latitude_n as_o we_o must_v call_v it_o on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la that_o be_v at_o the_o very_a pole_n there_o may_v have_v be_v a_o perpetual_a day_n etc._n etc._n this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n i_o ever_o hear_v that_o there_o can_v be_v more_o than_o ninety_o degree_n between_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o he_o think_v he_o have_v fair_o make_v it_o out_o that_o there_o can_v be_v a_o huâ—dred_o and_o four_o degree_n between_o they_o &_o therefore_o there_o must_v be_v four_o hundred_o &_o sixteen_o degree_n in_o the_o whole_a circumference_n and_o then_o every_o right_a angle_n be_v only_o proportioonal_a to_o ninety_o degree_n there_o must_v be_v more_o than_o four_o right_a angle_n about_o one_o point_n and_o therefore_o the_o corollary_n of_o the_o 13_o the_o of_o the_o first_o of_o euclid_n must_v be_v false_a thus_o have_v that_o subtle_a philosopher_n not_o only_o subvert_v dr._n burnet_n theory_n but_o also_o euclid_n demonstration_n and_o that_o by_o a_o argument_n which_o the_o dull_a mathematician_n can_v never_o discover_v but_o i_o will_v leave_v euclid_n to_o his_o mercy_n and_o answer_v that_o part_n of_o his_o argument_n that_o concern_v the_o theory_n which_o be_v easy_o do_v if_o he_o will_v consider_v that_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n distance_n from_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n distance_n from_o the_o sun_n even_o though_o the_o earth_n be_v ten_o time_n more_o oval_a than_o he_o will_v have_v it_o be_v so_o very_o inconsiderable_a that_o it_o do_v almost_o bear_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a that_o a_o point_n do_v to_o a_o line_n for_o the_o mathematician_n know_v that_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v but_o a_o point_n in_o respect_n of_o its_o distance_n from_o the_o sun_n and_o therefore_o two_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o sun_n centre_n to_o any_o two_o point_n of_o it_o be_v very_o near_o in_o a_o proportion_n of_o equality_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a distance_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o sun_n there_o can_v be_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a but_o i_o be_o afraid_a this_o be_v a_o little_a too_o far_o beyond_o mr._n warren_n capacity_n however_o to_o surprise_v he_o a_o little_a more_o i_o will_v tell_v he_o he_o be_v so_o far_o out_o in_o his_o account_n of_o the_o cold_a at_o the_o pole_n that_o though_o the_o north_n pole_n be_v much_o cold_a in_o the_o winter_n than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o summer_n yet_o be_v it_o some_o hundred_o thousand_o of_o mile_n near_o to_o the_o sun_n in_o winter_n than_o in_o summer_n if_o he_o please_v to_o consult_v the_o astronomer_n they_o can_v demonstrate_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o to_o he_o i_o beg_v mr._n warren_n pardon_n for_o bring_v he_o into_o this_o place_n i_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v favourable_a to_o he_o he_o be_v one_o of_o my_o associate_n against_o dr._n burnet_n but_o i_o be_v willing_a to_o produce_v he_o as_o a_o instance_n to_o show_v how_o unfit_a a_o man_n who_o understand_v no_o geometry_n be_v to_o write_v a_o book_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o theory_n i_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o book_n of_o philosophy_n write_v with_o a_o more_o lofty_a and_o plausible_a stile_n than_o it_o be_v the_o noble_a and_o
than_o half_a the_o sun_n can_v never_o appear_v but_o its_o centre_n will_v continual_o turn_v round_o in_o their_o orison_n never_o rise_v high_o nor_o fall_v low_o the_o near_a one_o come_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la so_o much_o high_o will_v he_o have_v the_o sun_n in_o his_o meridian_n but_o in_o the_o same_o place_n it_o will_v always_o be_v at_o a_o constant_a height_n at_o twelve_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o sun_n throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n will_v always_o be_v vertical_a when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o there_o only_o will_v there_o be_v a_o intense_a and_o perpetual_a summer_n when_o at_o the_o pole_n and_o in_o place_n near_o they_o there_o will_v be_v a_o eternal_a winter_n without_o any_o intermission_n of_o frost_n and_o snow_n the_o sun_n also_o will_v always_o rise_v and_o set_v in_o the_o same_o point_n of_o their_o orison_n and_o therefore_o there_o will_v be_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o earth_n but_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o day_n and_o night_n and_o no_o sort_n of_o change_n in_o the_o year_n which_o will_v always_o keep_v the_o same_o tenor_n and_o face_n the_o annual_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o no_o use_n these_o be_v the_o effect_n which_o the_o learned_a kepler_n have_v show_v will_v necessary_o follow_v from_o the_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_fw-la which_o beside_o that_o it_o make_v the_o earth_n annual_a circuit_n round_o the_o sun_n of_o no_o sort_n of_o use_n and_o advantage_n to_o it_o and_o this_o i_o suppose_v can_v well_o agree_v with_o the_o infinite_a wisdom_n of_o its_o maker_n it_o bring_v with_o it_o such_o a_o train_n of_o consequence_n which_o if_o man_n will_v consider_v i_o believe_v there_o will_v be_v few_o so_o fond_a of_o change_n as_o to_o be_v willing_a to_o have_v the_o present_a oblique_a position_n alter_v for_o the_o perpendicular_a one_o of_o the_o theorist_n which_o will_v render_v this_o whole_a island_n no_o better_o than_o a_o wilderness_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o habitable_a for_o under_o the_o aequinoctial_a to_o who_o inhabitant_n the_o sun_n will_v continual_o at_o twelve_o of_o the_o clock_n shine_v perpendicular_o and_o even_o throughout_o the_o torrid_a zone_n there_o will_v be_v a_o intolerable_a scorch_a heat_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n the_o cold_a can_v not_o be_v endure_v and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o two_o temperate_a zone_n will_v not_o have_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o heat_n to_o ripen_v their_o fruit_n all_o man_n in_o england_n be_v sensible_a that_o the_o heat_n we_o have_v in_o summer_n be_v but_o just_a great_a enough_o to_o bring_v our_o corn_n and_o fruit_n to_o perfection_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o heat_n we_o have_v in_o summer_n be_v no_o great_a than_o it_o be_v now_o about_o the_o 10_o the_o of_o march_n or_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o september_n the_o ground_n will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v any_o vegetable_n to_o supply_v we_o with_o food_n so_o that_o all_o of_o we_o must_v have_v change_v our_o climate_n for_o some_o more_o fertile_a soil_n which_o receive_v more_o of_o the_o sun_n influence_n this_o may_v serve_v to_o show_v how_o vain_a and_o false_a the_o theorist_n assertion_n be_v that_o the_o primitive_a earth_n have_v its_o axis_fw-la perpendicular_a to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_n and_o that_o this_o position_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o best_a it_o can_v have_v that_o it_o may_v be_v just_o reckon_v among_o the_o worse_a sort_n of_o position_n i_o come_v now_o to_o show_v the_o great_a advantage_n we_o reap_v by_o the_o present_a position_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o how_o apt_a it_o be_v to_o serve_v the_o end_n for_o which_o it_o be_v design_v by_o its_o wise_a contriver_n kepler_n in_o the_o above_o mention_v book_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v design_v a_o place_n for_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v liable_a to_o generation_n and_o corruption_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n fit_a that_o the_o sun_n shall_v shine_v upon_o every_o part_n of_o it_o throughout_o the_o year_n with_o a_o equal_a tenor_n and_o force_n but_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v such_o alteration_n and_o change_n of_o his_o heat_n as_o be_v necessary_a to_o produce_v the_o design_v effect_n for_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o different_a degree_n of_o heat_n be_v require_v for_o the_o production_n and_o ripen_n of_o most_o plant_n the_o heat_n that_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o first_o growth_n of_o a_o vegetable_a not_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o ripen_n and_o perfect_v the_o seed_n thereof_o and_o that_o degree_n of_o heat_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o bring_v the_o seed_n to_o perfection_n will_v quite_o wither_v the_o green_a and_o tender_a herb_n now_o all_o this_o be_v obtain_v by_o the_o present_a position_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o inclination_n of_o its_o axis_n to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a for_o from_o thence_o arise_v the_o variety_n of_o season_n and_o different_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a we_o perceive_v in_o the_o spring_n time_n that_o we_o have_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n still_o increase_v in_o such_o a_o measure_n as_o the_o plant_n require_v for_o their_o nutrition_n and_o growth_n at_o last_o the_o sun_n arrive_v at_o his_o great_a meridian_n height_n and_o then_o the_o plant_n bring_v forth_o their_o seed_n which_o grow_v every_o day_n more_o and_o more_o perfect_a and_o then_o be_v full_o ripe_a and_o fit_a for_o food_n and_o when_o the_o sun_n have_v perform_v his_o work_n in_o our_o part_n of_o the_o world_n he_o return_v again_o to_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n to_o make_v room_n for_o the_o snow_n and_o ice_n which_o come_v in_o the_o winter_n for_o the_o moisten_a and_o prepare_v the_o earth_n for_o a_o new_a crop_n and_o though_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n they_o never_o have_v any_o snow_n or_o ice_n yet_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a to_o they_o there_o fall_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o rain_n as_o not_o only_o cool_v the_o air_n and_o make_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n tolerable_a but_o also_o fatten_v the_o ground_n and_o prepare_v it_o for_o the_o production_n of_o fruit_n but_o there_o be_v one_o more_o considerable_a advantage_n which_o we_o reap_v by_o the_o present_a position_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o i_o will_v here_o insert_v because_o i_o do_v not_o know_v that_o it_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o any_o and_o it_o be_v that_o by_o the_o present_a inclination_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_fw-la to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_n we_o who_o live_v beyond_o forty_o five_o degree_n of_o latitude_n have_v more_o of_o the_o sun_n heat_n throughout_o the_o year_n than_o if_o the_o sun_n shine_v always_o in_o the_o equator_fw-la that_o be_v if_o we_o take_v the_o sum_n of_o the_o sun_n action_n upon_o we_o both_o in_o summer_n and_o winter_n they_o be_v great_a than_o its_o heat_n will_v be_v if_o it_o move_v always_o in_o the_o equator_fw-la or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n the_o aggregate_v of_o the_o sun_n heat_n upon_o we_o while_o it_o describe_v any_o two_o opposite_a parallel_n be_v great_a than_o it_o will_v be_v if_o in_o these_o two_o day_n it_o describe_v the_o equator_fw-la whereas_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o even_o in_o the_o temperate_a almost_o as_o far_o as_o forty_o five_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o sum_n of_o the_o sun_n heat_n in_o summer_n and_o winter_n be_v less_o than_o what_o it_o will_v be_v be_v the_o axis_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_n i_o know_v dr._n bently_n in_o his_o last_o lecture_n for_o the_o confutation_n of_o atheism_n assert_n that_o tho_o the_o axis_fw-la have_v be_v perpendicular_a yet_o take_v the_o whole_a year_n about_o we_o shall_v have_v have_v the_o same_o measure_n of_o heat_n we_o have_v now_o but_o i_o be_o not_o surprise_v to_o find_v a_o error_n of_o this_o nature_n assert_v by_o one_o who_o as_o it_o appear_v be_v not_o very_o well_o skill_v in_o astronomy_n for_o in_o the_o same_o lecture_n he_o confident_o say_v that_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o fact_n and_o experience_n that_o the_o moon_n always_o show_v the_o same_o face_n to_o we_o not_o once_o wheel_v about_o her_o own_o centre_n whereas_o it_o be_v evident_a to_o any_o one_o who_o think_v that_o the_o moon_n show_v the_o same_o face_n to_o we_o for_o this_o very_a reason_n because_o she_o do_v turn_v once_o in_o the_o time_n of_o her_o period_n about_o her_o own_o centre_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o great_a critic_n will_v confine_v their_o labour_n to_o their_o lexicon_n and_o not_o venture_v to_o guess_v in_o those_o part_n of_o learning_n which_o be_v capable_a
the_o flood_n have_v its_o axis_fw-la perpendicular_a to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_n it_o be_v say_v he_o the_o immediate_a result_n of_o gravity_n or_o libration_n that_o a_o body_n free_o leave_v to_o its_o self_n shall_v settle_v in_o such_o a_o posture_n as_o best_a answer_n to_o its_o gravitation_n and_o this_o earth_n whereof_o we_o speak_v be_v uniform_a and_o every_o way_n equal_o balance_v there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o it_o shall_v incline_v at_o one_o end_n more_o than_o at_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o sun_n as_o if_o you_o will_v suppose_v a_o ship_n to_o stand_v north_n and_o south_n under_o the_o equator_fw-la if_o it_o be_v equal_o build_v and_o equal_o balance_v it_o will_v not_o incline_v to_o one_o pole_n more_o than_o to_o the_o other_o but_o keep_v its_o axis_fw-la parallel_n to_o the_o axis_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n so_o those_o great_a ship_n that_o sail_v about_o the_o sun_n once_o in_o so_o many_o year_n whilst_o they_o be_v uniform_o build_v and_o equal_o poise_v keep_v steady_a and_o even_a with_o the_o axis_fw-la of_o their_o orbit_n but_o if_o they_o lose_v that_o equality_n and_o the_o centre_n of_o their_o gravity_n change_v the_o heavy_a end_n will_v incline_v more_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o their_o motion_n and_o the_o other_o end_n will_v recede_v from_o it_o so_o particular_o our_o earth_n which_o make_v one_o in_o that_o airy_a fleet_n when_o it_o escape_v so_o narrow_o be_v shipwrack_v in_o the_o great_a deluge_n be_v however_o so_o break_v and_o disorder_v that_o it_o lose_v its_o equal_a poise_n and_o thereupon_o the_o centre_n of_o its_o gravity_n change_v one_o pole_n become_v more_o incline_v towards_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o other_o more_o remove_v from_o it_o in_o which_o skew_z posture_n it_o have_v stand_v ever_o since_o here_o the_o theorist_n put_v his_o false_a reason_n in_o fine_a word_n and_o dress_v it_o out_o in_o gaiety_n according_a to_o the_o present_a mode_n that_o it_o may_v go_v the_o smooth_a off_o but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o show_v we_o how_o little_o he_o be_v skill_v either_o in_o astronomy_n or_o geometry_n for_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o one_o place_n that_o the_o earth_n stand_v incline_v to_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o ecliptic_a but_o how_o a_o sphere_n can_v be_v incline_v to_o a_o plane_n pass_v through_o its_o centre_n be_v far_o beyond_o my_o geometry_n to_o conceive_v i_o be_o sure_a he_o will_v find_v no_o such_o thing_n say_v by_o the_o geometer_n or_o the_o astronomer_n before_o he_o but_o he_o may_v be_v easy_o pardon_v for_o this_o small_a error_n because_o he_o mean_v well_o viz._n that_o the_o axis_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n be_v incline_v to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a with_o which_o it_o make_v a_o angle_n of_o 66°½_n but_o he_o have_v commit_v a_o far_o great_a blunder_n than_o this_o which_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o to_o be_v forgive_v he_o for_o a_o world-maker_n ought_v at_o least_o to_o understand_v something_o of_o astronomy_n and_o of_o the_o copernican_n system_v which_o he_o embrace_v but_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o do_v not_o know_v the_o element_n of_o that_o system_fw-la since_o he_o assert_v that_o one_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v more_o incline_v to_o the_o sun_n than_o the_o other_o this_o be_v a_o position_n i_o never_o hear_v be_v give_v to_o the_o earth_n before_o i_o wish_v he_o will_v inform_v we_o which_o of_o the_o two_o pole_n be_v most_o incline_v to_o the_o sun_n for_o i_o be_o sure_a copernicus_n kepler_n and_o gallileo_n the_o first_o reviver_n of_o the_o pythagorean_n system_v never_o say_v any_o such_o thing_n they_o hold_v that_o both_o pole_n be_v equal_o remove_v from_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_n the_o axis_fw-la which_o join_v they_o make_v with_o it_o a_o angle_n of_o 66°½_n and_o keep_v a_o position_n always_o parallel_v to_o itself_o and_o therefore_o whatever_o inclination_n one_o pole_n have_v at_o any_o time_n of_o the_o year_n to_o the_o sun_n the_o opposite_a pole_n will_v have_v the_o same_o inclination_n at_o the_o opposite_a time_n of_o the_o year_n and_o therefore_o both_o pole_n be_v equal_o incline_v to_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o if_o one_o hemisphere_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o other_o the_o heavy_a pole_n will_v always_o look_v towards_o the_o sun_n to_o which_o it_o gravitates_fw-la and_o by_o consequence_n there_o will_v be_v no_o parallelisme_n observe_v in_o the_o axis_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n for_o if_o there_o be_v a_o globe_n swim_v in_o water_n one_o of_o who_o pole_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o other_o it_o be_v demonstrable_a that_o the_o heavy_a side_n will_v always_o be_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o since_o the_o earth_n do_v always_o keep_v its_o axis_fw-la parallel_n to_o itself_o and_o by_o that_o mean_n make_v the_o variety_n of_o season_n which_o otherwise_o will_v not_o happen_v i_o think_v it_o a_o demonstration_n that_o the_o theorist_n opinion_n in_o this_o point_n be_v false_a and_o ridiculous_a for_o if_o at_o the_o deluge_n the_o earth_n have_v lose_v its_o equal_a poise_n and_o its_o centre_n of_o gravity_n have_v be_v alter_v as_o he_o will_v have_v it_o the_o true_a effect_n of_o this_o alteration_n will_v be_v that_o the_o pole_n which_o be_v next_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o gravity_n have_v be_v always_o turn_v towards_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o people_n live_v near_o it_o have_v enjoy_v a_o perpetual_a summer_n and_o one_o continue_a day_n without_o any_o night_n whilst_o those_o in_o the_o opposite_a pole_n have_v live_v in_o perpetual_a darkness_n frost_n and_o snow_n have_v but_o one_o eternal_a winter_n without_o any_o vicissitude_n of_o season_n these_o therefore_o be_v the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o such_o a_o change_n of_o gravity_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o theorist_n imagine_v and_o since_o none_o of_o they_o do_v ever_o happen_v to_o it_o but_o the_o earth_n do_v still_o keep_v its_o axis_fw-la parallel_n to_o itself_o i_o think_v it_o be_v demonstrative_o evident_a that_o the_o earth_n receive_v no_o such_o shock_n by_o the_o deluge_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o alter_v the_o centre_n of_o its_o gravity_n and_o consequent_o the_o position_n of_o its_o pole_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v true_a a_o sphere_n put_v in_o aequilibration_n and_o make_v turn_v round_o about_o a_o point_n without_o any_o other_o motion_n necessary_o keep_v all_o its_o diameter_n parallel_v to_o themselves_o and_o by_o consequence_n the_o axis_fw-la which_o be_v one_o of_o they_o must_v also_o be_v parallel_n to_o its_o self_n for_o since_o the_o time_n of_o its_o revolution_n be_v determine_v it_o will_v perform_v its_o period_n in_o that_o time_n with_o the_o least_o motion_n possible_a which_o be_v only_o when_o all_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o sphere_n in_o all_o part_n of_o its_o orbit_n be_v parallel_n to_o themselves_o as_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o the_o geometer_n nature_n general_o take_v the_o short_a course_n in_o all_o its_o operation_n at_o least_o it_o take_v that_o one_o and_o determinate_a method_n for_o perform_v its_o work_n which_o the_o philosopher_n call_v the_o unicum_fw-la in_o naturâ_fw-la i_o wonder_v therefore_o why_o some_o shall_v make_v a_o three_o motion_n for_o the_o earth_n whereby_o it_o keep_v its_o axis_fw-la always_o parallel_n to_o itself_o for_o this_o be_v rather_o the_o effect_n of_o rest_n than_o any_o new_a motion_n for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o parallelism_n but_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o axis_fw-la from_o exact_a parallelism_n by_o which_o the_o star_n seem_v to_o move_v though_o very_o slow_o according_a to_o the_o series_n of_o the_o sign_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v call_v a_o new_a motion_n but_o i_o will_v pass_v from_o this_o subject_a and_o consider_v the_o theorist_n argument_n for_o the_o right_a position_n of_o the_o earth_n draw_v from_o its_o aequilibration_n which_o he_o say_v be_v the_o immediate_a result_n and_o common_a effect_n of_o gravity_n or_o libration_n for_o a_o body_n say_v he_o free_o leave_v to_o its_o self_n in_o a_o fluid_a medium_n will_v settle_v itself_o in_o such_o a_o posture_n as_o will_v best_o answer_v to_o its_o gravity_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v uniform_o balance_v there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o it_o shall_v incline_v at_o one_o end_n more_o than_o at_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o sun_n this_o he_o illustrate_v by_o the_o similitude_n of_o a_o ship_n equal_o balance_v and_o place_v north_n and_o south_n under_o the_o equator_fw-la but_o after_o all_o this_o argument_n and_o similitude_n i_o can_v see_v as_o yet_o no_o reason_n why_o the_o axis_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a more_o than_o any_o other_o of_o its_o diameter_n for_o it_o be_v demonstarted_a by_o the_o
consist_v of_o a_o hundred_o figure_n but_o if_o we_o shall_v imagine_v all_o the_o space_n between_o the_o surface_v fill_v up_o with_o solid_a and_o not_o diaphanous_a matter_n as_o it_o real_o be_v so_o in_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o heat_n upon_o the_o surface_n must_v be_v much_o less_o than_o what_o it_o will_v be_v by_o the_o former_a proportion_n from_o thence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o if_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o antediluvian_n earth_n be_v not_o much_o great_a than_o it_o be_v now_o it_o can_v never_o reach_v so_o far_o into_o the_o crust_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v vapour_n from_o the_o abyss_n or_o if_o it_o be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v vapour_n from_o thence_o that_o be_v if_o it_o be_v then_o as_o great_a upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o abyss_n as_o it_o be_v general_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o present_a earth_n it_o must_v have_v be_v almost_o infinite_o great_a upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o antediluvian_n world_n certain_o there_o can_v be_v no_o necessity_n for_o a_o deluge_n in_o that_o case_n except_o it_o be_v to_o cool_v the_o earth_n again_o after_o such_o a_o excessive_a heat_n which_o must_v have_v destroy_v all_o the_o animal_n plant_n and_o tree_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o have_v turn_v they_o into_o glass_n but_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v generate_v and_o prepare_v metal_n which_o lie_v hide_v in_o its_o bowel_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o i_o have_v already_o bring_v a_o sufficient_a demonstration_n that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v pass_v but_o a_o very_a little_a way_n within_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o the_o opinion_n that_o metal_n be_v generate_v by_o the_o sun_n influence_n must_v be_v false_a for_o they_o general_o lie_v far_o hide_v within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o without_o the_o reach_n of_o the_o sun_n influence_n but_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o shall_v i_o grant_v to_o the_o theorist_n that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v reach_v the_o abyss_n and_o have_v raise_v the_o vapour_n so_o that_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n fall_v down_o and_o be_v break_v in_o piece_n yet_o i_o can_v see_v how_o from_o thence_o there_o can_v follow_v any_o universal_a deluge_n or_o indeed_o any_o deluge_n at_o all_o though_o the_o theorist_n do_v endeavour_v to_o explain_v it_o thus_o when_o the_o earth_n say_v he_o be_v break_v and_o fall_v into_o the_o abyss_n a_o good_a part_n of_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o water_n by_o the_o mere_a depth_n of_o the_o abyss_n it_o fall_v into_o and_o those_o part_n of_o it_o that_o be_v high_a than_o the_o abyss_n be_v deep_a and_o consequent_o will_v stand_v above_o it_o in_o a_o calm_a water_n be_v notwithstanding_o reach_v and_o overtop_v by_o the_o water_n during_o the_o agitation_n and_o violent_a commotion_n of_o the_o abyss_n for_o it_o be_v not_o imaginable_a say_v he_o what_o the_o commotion_n of_o the_o abyss_n will_v be_v upon_o this_o dissolution_n of_o the_o earth_n nor_o to_o what_o height_n its_o wave_n will_v be_v throw_v when_o these_o prodigious_a fragment_n be_v tumble_v down_o into_o it_o if_o you_o will_v suppose_v a_o stone_n of_o ten_o thousand_o weight_n take_v up_o into_o the_o air_n a_o mile_n or_o two_o and_o then_o let_v fall_v into_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n it_o be_v credible_a that_o the_o dash_a of_o the_o water_n upon_o that_o impression_n will_v rise_v as_o high_a as_o a_o mountain_n but_o if_o you_o will_v suppose_v a_o mighty_a rock_n or_o a_o heap_n of_o rock_n to_o fall_v from_o that_o height_n or_o a_o great_a island_n or_o continent_n these_o will_v expel_v the_o water_n out_o of_o their_o place_n with_o such_o a_o force_n and_o violence_n as_o will_v fling_v they_o above_o the_o high_a cloud_n this_o be_v in_o short_a the_o method_n the_o theorist_n have_v find_v out_o for_o make_v a_o universal_a deluge_n but_o if_o i_o can_v prove_v from_o his_o own_o principle_n that_o long_o before_o the_o deluge_n happen_v all_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n be_v draw_v up_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o supply_v the_o river_n that_o be_v necessary_a to_o water_v the_o earth_n i_o will_v fain_o know_v what_o will_v become_v of_o his_o deluge_n or_o how_o he_o can_v make_v in_o that_o case_n the_o fall_n of_o the_o crust_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o universal_a flood_n for_o by_o all_o the_o conception_n that_o i_o can_v have_v of_o it_o the_o water_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o fall_n will_v rush_v into_o the_o abyss_n and_o it_o will_v be_v so_o far_o from_o make_v any_o flood_n that_o it_o will_v leave_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o make_v dry_a land_n appear_v where_o former_o there_o be_v none_o to_o prove_v this_o i_o must_v first_o inquire_v what_o proportion_n the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o the_o sea_n receive_v from_o the_o river_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o any_o time_n bear_v to_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o the_o ocean_n and_o by_o consequence_n i_o will_v calculate_v the_o time_n the_o river_n will_v take_v to_o fill_v the_o ocean_n if_o it_o be_v empty_a and_o they_o run_v as_o they_o do_v now_o or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n i_o will_v find_v what_o time_n the_o sea_n will_v take_v to_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o river_n suppose_v that_o it_o be_v not_o recruit_v again_o by_o the_o continual_a course_n of_o fresh_a water_n which_o run_v into_o it_o that_o be_v if_o the_o abyss_n do_v former_o supply_v all_o the_o river_n with_o water_n before_o the_o flood_n and_o none_o of_o they_o run_v into_o it_o again_o as_o the_o theorist_n suppose_v they_o do_v not_o i_o be_o to_o find_v what_o time_n it_o will_v take_v to_o empty_v itself_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o if_o i_o can_v prove_v that_o it_o will_v quite_o empty_v itself_o on_o the_o surface_n long_o before_o the_o deluge_n happen_v i_o think_v from_o thence_o it_o will_v necessary_o follow_v that_o there_o will_v be_v no_o deluge_n at_o all_o by_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o crust_n to_o begin_v therefore_o i_o will_v suppose_v as_o the_o theorist_n have_v do_v in_o his_o second_o chap._n book_n first_o that_o one_o half_a of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o terraqueous_a globe_n be_v sea_n and_o the_o other_o land_n and_o that_o if_o we_o take_v the_o sea_n one_o place_n with_o another_o it_o be_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n deep_a now_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v 170981012_o italian_a mile_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v 85490506_o square_a mile_n which_o be_v multiply_v by_o ¼_n the_o the_o sea_n be_v ¼_n the_o of_o a_o mile_n deep_a the_o product_n be_v 21372626½_n cubical_a mile_n which_o be_v the_o quantity_n of_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o whole_a ocean_n now_o to_o calculate_v the_o water_n the_o ocean_n receive_v from_o the_o river_n we_o must_v consider_v some_o great_a river_n who_o breadth_n depth_n and_o swiftness_n be_v best_a know_v such_o be_v the_o po_n which_o pass_v through_o lombardy_n and_o water_n a_o large_a country_n of_o 380_o mile_n in_o length_n ricciolus_n in_o his_o geographia_fw-la reformata_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o its_o breadth_n before_o its_o division_n into_o a_o great_a many_o channel_n by_o which_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o hundred_o bononian_n perch_v or_o a_o thousand_o foot_n and_o its_o depth_n be_v one_o perch_n or_o ten_o foot_n and_o therefore_o its_o perpendicular_a section_n from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o be_v a_o hundred_o square_a perche_n or_o 40000_o square_a foot_n its_o swiftness_n also_o be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n be_v about_o four_o italian_a mile_n in_o a_o hour_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n 2000_o italian_a perch_n for_o there_o be_v 500_o perch_n in_o a_o mile_n the_o po_n therefore_o carry_v into_o the_o adriatic_a 200000_o cubical_a perch_n of_o water_n in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hour_n and_o therefore_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n it_o bring_v into_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o day_n be_v 4800000_o cubical_a perch_n or_o 380000000_o cubical_a foot_n of_o water_n but_o one_o cubical_a mile_n contain_v 125000000_o cubical_a perch_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o po_n take_v one_o day_n to_o bring_v into_o the_o adriatic_a 4800000_o cubical_a perch_n of_o water_n it_o will_v require_v twenty_o six_o day_n to_o carry_v into_o the_o sea_n 125000000_o cubical_a perch_n or_o one_o cubical_a mile_n or_o which_o come_v to_o the_o same_o thing_n twenty_o six_o river_n every_o one_o of_o which_o be_v of_o the_o