tropic_n we_o account_v 23_o degree_n which_o add_v and_o resolve_v into_o mile_n will_v make_v the_o say_a sum_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o this_o zone_n be_v situate_a the_o great_a part_n of_o africa_n especial_o that_o of_o the_o abyssine_n which_o common_a opinion_n with_o little_a probability_n will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o empire_n of_o prester_n john_n also_o many_o land_n as_o java_n summatra_n taprobana_n beside_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o south_n of_o america_n call_v peruana_n it_o be_v imagine_v by_o the_o ancient_n as_o aristotle_n pliny_n ptolemy_n and_o many_o other_o philosopher_n poet_n and_o divine_n that_o this_o zone_n through_o extreme_a heat_n be_v altogether_o unhabitable_a for_o which_o cause_n they_o call_v it_o intemperate_a the_o reason_n of_o this_o conjecture_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o part_n in_o regard_n of_o that_o of_o the_o heaven_n for_o lie_v in_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o sun_n must_v of_o necessity_n cast_v his_o ray_n perpendicular_a that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o right_a angle_n now_o according_a to_o the_o ground_n of_o peripatetic_n philosophy_n the_o idol_n of_o this_o age_n the_o heat_n derive_v from_o the_o sun_n arise_v from_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n against_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n wherefore_o the_o heat_n be_v there_o conjecture_v to_o be_v great_a where_o the_o reflection_n be_v find_v to_o be_v great_a but_o the_o great_a reflection_n according_a to_o all_o mathematician_n must_v be_v in_o this_o torrid_a zone_n where_o the_o sun_n dart_v forth_o his_o ray_n at_o right_a angle_n which_o reflect_v back_o upon_o themselves_o which_o false_a conjecture_n be_v a_o long_a time_n continue_v by_o the_o exuberant_a description_n of_o poet_n and_o defect_n of_o navigation_n have_v as_o yet_o scarce_o pass_v her_o infancy_n but_o how_o far_o these_o surmise_n come_v short_a of_o truth_n we_o shall_v declare_v in_o our_o second_o part_n to_o which_o we_o have_v reserve_v those_o physical_a and_o historical_a discourse_n concern_v the_o quality_n and_o property_n of_o the_o earth_n 7_o the_o intemperate_a cold_a zone_n be_v those_o which_o be_v include_v betwixt_o the_o polar_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v northern_a contain_v in_o the_o arctic_a circle_n the_o other_o southern_a in_o the_o antarcticke_a these_o two_o zone_n be_v not_o make_v out_o of_o the_o combination_n of_o two_o circle_n as_o the_o former_a but_o by_o one_o circle_n with_o relation_n to_o the_o pole_n the_o greatness_n and_o extent_n of_o this_o zone_n be_v about_o 23_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a which_o resolve_v into_o italian-mile_n will_v produce_v 1380._o the_o northern_a cold_a zone_n contain_v in_o it_o groenland_n fineland_n and_o diverse_a other_o northern_a region_n whereof_o some_o be_v partly_o discover_v and_o set_v out_o in_o our_o ordinary_a map_n other_o some_o not_o yet_o detect_v for_o the_o other_o zone_n under_o the_o antarctic_a pole_n it_o consist_v of_o the_o same_o greatness_n as_o we_o know_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o globe_n have_v other_o such_o accident_n correspondent_a as_o the_o northern_a so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o respect_v the_o heaven_n for_o other_o matter_n they_o lie_v hide_v in_o the_o vast_a gulf_n of_o obscurity_n this_o port_n have_v never_o yet_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v expose_v herself_o to_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o christian_a world_n whether_o these_o two_o zone_n be_v without_o habitation_n by_o reason_n of_o intemperate_a cold_a as_o the_o other_o have_v be_v think_v by_o reason_n of_o too_o much_o heat_n we_o shall_v in_o due_a place_n examine_v 8_o the_o temperate_a zone_n be_v the_o space_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n &_o the_o polar_a circle_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v northern_a contain_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o arctic_a circle_n the_o other_o southern_a comprehend_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o antarcticke_a circle_n why_o these_o zone_n be_v term_v temperate_a diverse_a reason_n be_v allege_v 1_o because_o the_o sunbeam_n here_o be_v cast_v oblique_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o consequence_n can_v produce_v so_o much_o heat_n as_o in_o those_o place_n where_o they_o be_v dart_v perpendicular_o if_o we_o only_o consider_v the_o constitution_n and_o site_n of_o the_o heaven_n for_o as_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o prove_v this_o may_v sometime_o be_v alter_v by_o the_o disposition_n of_o some_o particular_a place_n 2_o it_o may_v be_v call_v the_o temperate_a zone_n because_o it_o seem_v mix_v of_o both_o extreme_n partake_v in_o some_o measure_n the_o both_o quality_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a the_o one_o from_o the_o torrid_a the_o other_o from_o the_o frigid_a zone_n 3_o because_o in_o these_o zone_n the_o distance_n betwixt_o summer_n and_o winter_n be_v very_o remarkable_a have_v a_o middle_a difference_n of_o time_n betwixt_o they_o as_o compound_v of_o both_o extreme_n these_o temperate_a zone_n include_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n and_o the_o polar_a circle_n be_v twofold_a as_o the_o circle_n the_o northern_a temperate_a zone_n comprehend_v of_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o arctic_a circle_n contain_v in_o it_o the_o upper_a and_o high_a part_n of_o africa_n stretch_v even_o to_o the_o mountain_n atlas_n moreover_o in_o it_o be_v place_v all_o europe_n even_o to_o the_o northern_a land_n in_o the_o arctic_a zone_n and_o a_o great_a part_n also_o of_o asia_n the_o other_o temperate_a zone_n lie_v towards_o the_o south_n be_v not_o so_o well_o know_v be_v far_o distant_a from_o our_o habitation_n and_o await_v as_o yet_o the_o far_a industry_n of_o our_o english_a and_o dutch_a navigator_n the_o breadth_n of_o this_o zone_n as_o the_o other_o contain_v about_o 43_o degree_n which_o be_v the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o tropic_n and_o the_o polar_a circle_n which_o multiply_v by_o 60_o will_v be_v resolve_v into_o 2580_o italian-mile_n 1_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o next_o be_v the_o two_o temperate_a zone_n the_o cold_a zone_n the_o least_o of_o all_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v find_v to_o be_v great_a as_o well_v in_o regard_n of_o longitude_n as_o latitude_n and_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o equatour_n into_o two_o half_n the_o next_o be_v the_o temperate_a but_o the_o two_o cold_a zone_n howsoever_o equal_v in_o diameter_n to_o the_o torrid_a be_v notwithstanding_o least_o of_o all_o where_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o every_o zone_n be_v of_o the_o same_o latitude_n from_o north_n to_o south_n begin_v where_o we_o will_v because_o it_o be_v contain_v betwixt_o two_o equidistant_a circle_n but_o all_o enjoy_v not_o the_o same_o longitude_n from_o east_n to_o west_n for_o the_o part_n of_o every_o zone_n by_o how_o much_o near_o they_o be_v to_o the_o equatour_n so_o much_o great_a longitude_n will_v they_o have_v by_o how_o much_o near_o the_o pole_n they_o be_v so_o much_o the_o less_o longitude_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o parallel_n towards_o the_o pole_n grow_v always_o lesser_o and_o lesser_a the_o invention_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o zone_n before_o mention_v may_v brief_o thus_o be_v perform_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v so_o much_o as_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o tropicke_n which_o be_v astronomical_o ground_v on_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v double_v this_o declination_n be_v by_o clavius_n and_o other_o find_v to_o be_v 23_o degree_n 30_o scrup_n which_o be_v double_v will_v produce_v 47_o which_o again_o multiply_v by_o 60_o and_o resolve_v into_o mile_n will_v amount_v to_o 2820_o though_o the_o odd_a scruple_n of_o many_o author_n be_v neglect_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o cold_a zone_n be_v also_o draw_v from_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o pole_n circle_n from_o the_o pole_n itself_o be_v just_a so_o much_o as_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a from_o the_o equatour_n to_o wit_n of_o 23_o degree_n 30_o scrup_n to_o which_o answer_n according_a to_o the_o former_a rule_n 1420_o italian-mile_n the_o invention_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n depend_v from_o the_o subtraction_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a from_o the_o equatour_n that_o be_v from_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v double_v from_o the_o whole_a quadrant_a in_o which_o subduction_n the_o residue_n will_v be_v 43_o to_o which_o will_v answer_v 2580_o italian-mile_n 1_o the_o zone_n wherein_o any_o place_n be_v seat_v may_v be_v know_v either_o by_o the_o globe_n or_o geographical_a table_n or_o else_o by_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n by_o the_o globe_n or_o universal_a map_n we_o may_v know_v it_o by_o the_o diligent_a observation_n of_o the_o four_o equidistant_a circle_n for_o if_o we_o
shall_v also_o be_v diminish_v of_o the_o north_n part_n 50_o 11_o the_o magnetical_a variation_n have_v no_o certain_a pole_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n 63_o 12_o the_o point_n of_o variation_n as_o of_o direction_n be_v only_o respective_a not_o attractive_a 65_o 13._o the_o variation_n of_o every_o place_n be_v constant_a not_o variable_a 66_o 14_o the_o variation_n be_v great_a in_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n ibid._n 15_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o latitude_n not_o in_o equality_n of_o degree_n but_o in_o proportion_n 69_o 16_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n be_v cause_v not_o of_o the_o attractive_a but_o of_o the_o disponent_fw-la and_o conuersive_a virtue_n of_o the_o earth_n 70_o 17_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n have_v a_o variation_n 71_o chap._n iv._o of_o the_o total_a motion_n magnetical_a 1_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o her_o magnetical_a vigour_n be_v most_o firm_o seat_v on_o her_o axle_n who_o end_n or_o pole_n respect_v always_o the_o same_o point_n in_o the_o heaven_n without_o alteration_n 72_o 2_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n have_v a_o circular_a motion_n 76_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o site_n stability_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n 99_o 2_o the_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n may_v be_v reconcile_v as_o well_o with_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o apparence_n of_o the_o heaven_n 110_o 3_o the_o earth_n be_v firm_o seat_v and_o settle_v in_o her_o proper_a place_n 115_o 4_o the_o earthly_a globe_n compare_v in_o quantity_n with_o the_o firmament_n &_o supreme_a orb_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n 118_o 5_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n compare_v with_o the_o inferior_a orb_n have_v a_o sensible_a magnitude_n 121_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a spheare·_n 1_o a_o circle_n though_o imaginary_a in_o itself_o have_v his_o ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 123_o 2_o the_o distinction_n of_o a_o circle_n into_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o part_n have_v no_o certain_a ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n but_o only_o in_o conveniency_n 124_o 3_o by_o astronomical_a observation_n to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n 127_o 4_o to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n magnetical_o 129_o 5_o by_o the_o incision_n of_o a_o tree_n the_o meridian_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 131_o 6_o the_o meridian_n be_v find_v to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n 137_o 7_o without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o meridian_n to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n 138_o 8_o to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n magnetical_o 138_o 9_o the_o equatour_n be_v a_o unmoveable_a circle_n who_o pole_n never_o vary_v from_o the_o fixt-pole_n of_o the_o earth_n 140_o 10_o how_o to_o know_v the_o number_n of_o degree_n in_o a_o lesser_a circle_n answerable_a to_o the_o great_a 147_o 11_o the_o sensible_a and_o rational_a horizon_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v much_o different_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n all_o one_o 151_o 12_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n may_v be_v great_a or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o place_n 153_o 13_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v so_o place_v on_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o may_v behold_v the_o whole_a hemisphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o yet_o no_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 154_o 14_o from_o the_o horizontall_a circle_n be_v reckon_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o any_o place_n assign_v 155_o 15_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o horizon_n for_o any_o place_n assign_v 156_o 16_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o horizontall_a plain_a 157_o 17_o the_o distinction_n of_o orison_n ibid._n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o artificial_a representation_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o of_o the_o part_n whereof_o the_o globe_n be_v geographical_o compound_v 163_o 2_o the_o use_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n be_v to_o express_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o have_v a_o diverse_a situation_n as_o well_o one_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o as_o the_o heaven_n 166_o 3_o of_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n ibid._n 4_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o fabric_n of_o the_o artificial_a plain_a chart._n 168_o 5_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o fabric_n of_o the_o geographical_a planispheare_n with_o their_o several_a distinction_n 175_o 6_o of_o the_o magnetical_a terrella_n 182_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o the_o common_a measure_n by_o which_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v know_v be_v mile_n and_o furlong_n 187_o 2_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n 188_o 3_o by_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o observation_n of_o a_o eclipse_n or_o some_o know_a star_n the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v know_v 189_o 4_o by_o observation_n of_o the_o noone-shadowe_n the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 190_o 5_o the_o opinion_n of_o cosmographer_n concern_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v diverse_a which_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o their_o error_n in_o observe_v the_o distance_n of_o place_n experimental_o according_a to_o miles_n furlong_n and_o such_o like_a measure_n 192_o 6_o how_o by_o the_o know_a height_n of_o some_o mountain_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 197_o 7_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o plain_a and_o convey_v superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n 198_o 8_o of_o the_o number_n of_o square_a mile_n contain_v in_o the_o earth_n 200_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n 1_o of_o the_o temperate_a and_o untemperate_a zone_n 204_o 2_o the_o tâ—rride_a zone_n be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o next_o be_v the_o two_o temperate_a the_o cold_a zone_n be_v the_o least_o of_o all_o 207_o 3_o the_o zone_n wherein_o any_o place_n be_v seat_v may_v be_v know_v either_o by_o the_o globe_n or_o geographical_a table_n or_o else_o by_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n 208_o 4_o the_o zone_n and_o climate_n agree_v in_o form_n but_o differ_v in_o greatness_n number_n and_o office_n 211_o 5_o the_o iâ—â—ention_n compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o be_v not_o all_o of_o the_o same_o greatness_n 212_o 6_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o climate_n ibid._n 7_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o climate_n 213_o 8_o of_o the_o diversity_n betwixt_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a geographer_n concern_v the_o place_n and_o number_n of_o the_o climate_n 214_o 9_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o parallel_n for_o each_o place_n 217_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o right_n oblique_a and_o parallel_n sphere_n with_o their_o property_n and_o distinction_n 220_o 2_o of_o the_o amphiâ—cij_n heteroâ—cij_fw-la &_o periscij_fw-la with_o their_o properperty_n 226_o 3_o of_o the_o perioecj_n antoeâ—j_n and_o antipode_n with_o their_o accident_n 228_o 4_o how_o the_o perioecj_n antecj_n and_o antipode_n be_v distinguish_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o celestial_a apparence_n 231_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n 1_o place_n enjoy_v the_o same_o longitude_n be_v not_o always_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o first_o meridian_n and_o contrariwise_o 235_o 2_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n beget_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n 235_o 3_o of_o the_o lose_n or_o get_v of_o a_o day_n in_o the_o whole_a year_n in_o a_o voyage_n about_o the_o earthly_a globe_n 236_o 4_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n 240_o 5_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o a_o clock_n watch_n or_o hourglass_n 242_o 6_o by_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o some_o know_a star_n to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n 243_o 7_o by_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n motion_n to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n 246_o 8_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n 247_o 9_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o latitude_n 249_o 10_o by_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o find_v out_o the_o latitude_n 249_o 11_o by_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o a_o know_a star_n to_o know_v the_o latitude_n 250_o 12_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o latitude_n on_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n 252_o 13_o of_o the_o magnetical_a expression_n of_o the_o latitude_n 252_o chap._n xii_o of_o distance_n of_o place_n compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o 1_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o distance_n in_o longitude_n of_o two_o place_n under_o the_o equatour_n in_o the_o same_o hemisphere_n 254_o 2_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o
express_v and_o show_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n by_o the_o directory_n needle_n equal_o poyze_v when_o it_o be_v set_v in_o any_o point_n of_o the_o horizon_n but_o this_o declination_n whereof_o we_o be_v now_o to_o speak_v be_v the_o motion_n of_o a_o iron-wire_n or_o needle_n first_o equilibrate_v and_o then_o stir_v up_o by_o the_o loadstone_n upon_o his_o own_o axis_n from_o that_o point_n of_o the_o horizon_n the_o other_o end_n of_o it_o tend_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o we_o may_v for_o the_o better_a express_v of_o the_o motion_n note_v two_o thing_n 1_o that_o the_o magnetical_a wire_n set_v in_o a_o convenient_a instrument_n if_o it_o be_v carry_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o the_o pole_n or_o from_o one_o pole_n to_o another_o will_v by_o little_a and_o little_o turn_v itself_o round_o and_o make_v a_o circumvolution_n about_o his_o own_o axle_n 2_o that_o by_o this_o conversion_n and_o circumvolution_n about_o his_o axle_n it_o will_v according_a to_o diverse_a place_n and_o latitude_n make_v diverse_a angle_n in_o diverse_a place_n both_o which_o be_v include_v in_o this_o motion_n of_o declination_n and_o be_v warrant_v by_o experience_n make_v by_o a_o inclinatory_a needle_n apply_v to_o a_o terrella_n or_o round_a loadstone_n as_o also_o by_o the_o experience_n of_o navigation_n on_o the_o great_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o explain_v which_o motion_n there_o be_v curious_a instrument_n form_v and_o invent_v by_o dr_n gilbert_n and_o dr_n ridley_n which_o the_o curious_a in_o this_o kind_n to_o their_o great_a satisfaction_n may_v peruse_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o will_v here_o content_v ourselves_o with_o one_o figure_n follow_v borrow_a from_o their_o more_o copious_a invention_n wherein_o we_o shall_v find_v enough_o to_o express_v the_o manner_n of_o this_o motion_n in_o this_o figure_n let_v abcd_v be_v the_o terrella_n or_o round_a magnet_n represent_v the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n a_o the_o north-pole_n b_o the_o south_n aâ—b_n the_o axle_n ce_v the_o aequator_fw-la akb_n and_o alb_n the_o meridian_n circle_v meet_v in_o the_o pole_n ac_fw-la and_o bd_o the_o meridian_n or_o right_a horizon_n have_v in_o it_o the_o two_o pole_n fg_v and_o he_o two_o parallel_n the_o loadstone_n be_v thus_o design_v in_o his_o outward_a pole_n as_o it_o be_v according_a to_o his_o natural_a eminency_n store_v inward_o let_v the_o needle_n be_v place_v be_v before_o touch_v on_o the_o limb_n over-against_o the_o pole_n ab_fw-la and_o we_o shall_v observe_v they_o to_o respect_v they_o direct_o concur_v in_o one_o straight_a line_n with_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n then_o set_v the_o same_o needle_n in_o the_o limb_n over_o against_o the_o aequator_fw-la cd_o and_o they_o will_v dispose_v &_o settle_v themselves_o in_o a_o parallel_a site_n to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o incline_v neither_o to_o one_o pole_n or_o other_o hence_o may_v be_v collect_v by_o plain_a consequence_n that_o there_o be_v a_o semicircle_n betwixt_o each_o of_o these_o four_o needle_n now_o to_o find_v the_o quadrant_n of_o these_o apply_v needle_n in_o the_o limbeat_fw-la 33_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la on_o each_o side_n of_o he_o and_o they_o will_v make_v right_a angle_n with_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o same_o where_o these_o eight_o needle_n have_v 8_o quadrant_n between_o they_o that_o be_v four_o semi-circle_n which_o will_v make_v two_o whole_a circle_n one_o on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o if_o you_o place_v the_o needle_n in_o the_o midst_n between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o pole_n they_o will_v respect_v the_o axle_n but_o oblique_o as_o in_o all_o other_o part_n except_o in_o the_o eight_o place_n beforementioned_a from_o hence_o may_v we_o learn_v what_o we_o propose_v first_o that_o the_o declination_n be_v a_o conversion_n of_o the_o magnetical_a wire_n or_o needle_n upon_o its_o own_o axle_n second_o that_o this_o wire_n by_o this_o motion_n so_o excite_v if_o it_o be_v move_v on_o any_o meridian_n north_n or_o south_n will_v apply_v and_o conform_v itself_o according_a to_o certain_a angle_n to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n three_o there_o will_v arise_v this_o corollary_n that_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n about_o the_o round_a magnet_n make_v two_o circle_n concern_v this_o declination_n we_o will_v insert_v two_o especial_a theorem_n 1_o the_o declination_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o latitude_n not_o in_o equality_n of_o degree_n but_o in_o proportion_n it_o be_v manifest_a out_o of_o that_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v that_o this_o motion_n of_o declination_n suppose_v two_o motion_n the_o one_o of_o conversion_n whereby_o the_o needle_n be_v turn_v round_o on_o his_o own_o axis_n the_o other_o a_o progressive_a motion_n whereby_o the_o centre_n itself_o of_o the_o inclinatory_a needle_n be_v carry_v forward_o upon_o a_o meridian_n from_o north_n to_o south_n or_o contrariwise_o these_o two_o motion_n suppose_v to_o proceed_v and_o begin_v together_o can_v possible_o meet_v in_o such_o equality_n as_o that_o the_o degree_n of_o declination_n direct_o answer_v in_o equality_n to_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n which_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o this_o figure_n here_o insert_v let_v the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v a_o this_o body_n while_o it_o shall_v be_v move_v above_o the_o earth_n from_o gd_a the_o equinoctial_a towards_o the_o pole_n b_o will_v be_v turn_v upon_o his_o own_o centre_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o progress_n of_o the_o centre_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la to_o the_o pole_n b_o it_o will_v be_v direct_v to_o the_o equator_fw-la d_o in_o the_o middle_n between_o the_o two_o pole_n therefore_o the_o middle_n must_v needs_o turn_v fast_o on_o his_o own_o centre_n than_o the_o centre_n itself_o turn_v forward_o that_o by_o this_o conversion_n it_o shall_v direct_o respect_v the_o point_n d_o wherefore_o this_o motion_n will_v be_v swift_a in_o the_o first_o degree_n to_o wit_n from_o a_o to_o l_o but_o in_o the_o latter_a it_o will_v be_v slow_a from_o l_o to_o b_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la from_o d_o to_z c._n now_o if_o the_o declination_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o latitude_n than_o the_o magnetical_a wire_n shall_v observe_v and_o follow_v the_o faculty_n and_o peculiar_a virtue_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o a_o operative_a and_o attractive_a point_n but_o reason_n &_o experience_n teach_v that_o it_o observe_v the_o whole_a body_n and_o mass_n with_o all_o the_o external_a limit_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o loadstone_n the_o whole_a virtue_n and_o force_n of_o both_o concur_v aswell_o of_o the_o convertible_a wire_n as_o of_o the_o whole_a earth_n nevertheless_o from_o this_o experiment_n the_o skilful_a in_o magnetical_a philosophy_n have_v find_v out_o a_o proportion_n whereby_o the_o latitude_n of_o place_n may_v instrumental_o be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o degree_n of_o declination_n 2_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n be_v cause_v not_o of_o the_o attractive_a but_o of_o the_o disponent_fw-la and_o conuersive_a virtue_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o admirable_a in_o nature_n than_o the_o order_n and_o situation_n of_o all_o body_n in_o their_o place_n most_o convenient_a for_o each_o one_o conservation_n for_o the_o obtain_n of_o which_o harmony_n as_o we_o have_v teach_v in_o our_o second_o chapter_n it_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o proper_a motion_n convenient_a to_o place_n and_o seat_n itself_o both_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o itself_o and_o the_o whole_a universe_n this_o natural_a inclination_n be_v nowhere_o more_o eminent_a and_o cospicuous_a then_o in_o the_o harmony_n of_o magnetical_a body_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o sinew_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n these_o motion_n some_o have_v impute_v to_o the_o attractive_a force_n but_o very_o erroneous_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v already_o of_o direction_n and_o variation_n and_o shall_v here_o demonstrate_v concern_v the_o magnetical_a declination_n for_o first_o if_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o any_o attractive_a force_n approach_v it_o will_v follow_v of_o necessity_n that_o a_o terrella_n or_o round_a sphere_n make_v of_o a_o solid_a or_o perfect_a loadstone_n will_v more_o turn_v and_o wrest_v the_o magnetical_a needle_n then_o if_o it_o be_v make_v of_o a_o weak_a and_o more_o imperfect_a substance_n also_o that_o a_o needle_n touch_v with_o a_o strong_a stone_n shall_v show_v a_o great_a declination_n than_o that_o touch_v with_o a_o weak_a but_o experience_n have_v find_v the_o contrary_a because_o the_o declination_n will_v be_v all_o one_o be_v the_o stone_n strong_a or_o weak_a moreover_o a_o loadstone_n arm_v with_o a_o iron-nose_n as_o they_o term_v it_o put_v upon_o the_o meridian_n in_o any_o latitude_n will_v not_o lift_v up_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n more_o perpendicular_o then_o if_o it_o be_v naked_a and_o uncover_v although_o
find_v it_o betwixt_o the_o two_o tropic_n we_o may_v without_o doubt_n think_v it_o to_o be_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n if_o betwixt_o the_o tropic_n circle_n and_o the_o polar_a it_o will_v be_v in_o the_o temperate_a if_o betwixt_o the_o polar_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n itself_o it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o cold_a zone_n by_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n it_o may_v be_v find_v this_o way_n seek_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n give_v in_o the_o table_n which_o if_o it_o be_v less_o than_o 23_o degree_n 30_o scruple_n the_o place_n be_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n if_o precise_o it_o be_v so_o much_o in_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n the_o place_n assign_v be_v under_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n which_o be_v the_o bind_v betwixt_o the_o torrid_a and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o northern_a temperate_a zone_n but_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o southern_a hemisphere_n it_o will_v be_v under_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n which_o end_v the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o begin_v the_o south_n temperate_a zone_n every_o place_n have_v more_o latitude_n than_o 23_o degree_n 30_o scruple_n yet_o less_o than_o 66_o degree_n 30_o minute_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n either_o northern_a or_o southern_a as_o the_o place_n be_v in_o the_o hemisphere_n if_o the_o place_n be_v precise_o of_o 66_o degree_n 30_o minute_n it_o will_v be_v just_o find_v to_o be_v under_o the_o polar_a circle_n either_o arctic_a or_o antarcticke_a final_o every_o place_n who_o latitude_n exceed_v the_o number_n of_o 66_o degree_n 30_o minute_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o cold_a zone_n either_o southern_a or_o northern_a if_o it_o reach_v just_a to_o 90_o degree_n it_o will_v be_v just_a under_o the_o pole_n itself_o 9_o of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n by_o zone_n we_o have_v speak_v we_o must_v in_o the_o next_o place_n deliver_v the_o distinction_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o climate_n 10_o a_o climate_n be_v a_o space_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v betwixt_o two_o parallel_n distant_a from_o the_o equatour_n towards_o either_o pole_n climate_n be_v so_o call_v because_o of_o their_o declaration_n from_o equatour_n for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v account_v as_o so_o many_o scale_n of_o ascent_n to_o or_o from_o the_o equatour_n some_o have_v define_v it_o from_o the_o use_n which_o be_v chief_o to_o distinguish_v the_o long_a time_n of_o the_o artificial_a day_n because_o at_o the_o point_n of_o every_o climate_n true_o take_v the_o long_a day_n be_v vary_v half_o a_o hour_n although_o this_o account_n agree_v not_o altogether_o with_o ptolemy_n and_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n before_o he_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o this_o distinction_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n into_o climate_n be_v somewhat_o a_o more_o subtle_a distinction_n than_o the_o former_a by_o zone_n for_o as_o much_o as_o that_o be_v make_v by_o the_o combination_n of_o such_o parallel_n as_o be_v principal_o name_v and_o of_o chief_a note_n as_o the_o tropic_n and_o polar_a circle_n but_o this_o indifferent_o respect_v all_o without_o difference_n this_o first_o beginning_n and_o measure_n as_o well_o of_o this_o as_o all_o other_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o equatour_n for_o that_o which_o be_v most_o perfect_a and_o absolute_a in_o every_o kind_a aught_o to_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o other_o but_o yet_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o although_o we_o begin_v our_o account_n of_o the_o climate_n from_o the_o equatour_n yet_o the_o equatour_n itself_o make_v no_o climate_n but_o only_o the_o parallel_n which_o be_v thereunto_o correspondent_a for_o as_o it_o be_v before_o show_v under_o the_o equatour_n itself_o the_o artificial_a day_n be_v all_o equal_a in_o length_n contain_v only_o twelve_o hour_n wherefore_o beginning_n from_o the_o equatour_n betwixt_o that_o and_o the_o three_o parallel_n we_o count_v the_o first_o climate_n from_o the_o three_o to_o the_o six_o the_o second_o climate_n and_o so_o all_o the_o rest_n make_v the_o number_n of_o the_o climate_n double_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o parallel_n so_o that_o one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o parallel_n which_o be_v the_o end_n and_o bind_v of_o one_o climate_n be_v the_o begin_n of_o the_o next_o whence_o we_o see_v that_o to_o the_o constitution_n of_o every_o climate_n three_o parallel_n concur_v whereof_o two_o be_v extreme_a comprehend_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o say_a climate_n and_o one_o divide_v it_o just_a in_o the_o midst_n a_o parallel_n therefore_o differ_v from_o a_o climate_n as_o a_o part_n from_o the_o whole_a be_v one_o circle_n correspondent_a to_o the_o equatour_n whereas_o a_o climate_n be_v a_o space_n contain_v in_o three_o parallel_n second_o as_o a_o parallel_n be_v conceive_v to_o add_v to_o the_o artificial_a day_n one_o quarter_n or_o four_o part_n of_o a_o hour_n so_o a_o climate_n make_v half_o a_o hour_n so_o that_o by_o how_o much_o any_o climate_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o equatour_n by_o so_o many_o half_a hour_n the_o long_a day_n of_o that_o climate_n go_v beyond_o the_o long_a day_n of_o the_o place_n under_o the_o equatour_n these_o climate_n therefore_o can_v be_v all_o of_o one_o equal_a quantity_n because_o the_o equatour_n be_v a_o great_a circle_n and_o comprehend_v the_o great_a space_n in_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o these_o climate_n near_o the_o equatour_n be_v make_v by_o the_o combination_n of_o great_a circle_n be_v great_a than_o those_o near_a the_o pole_n but_o because_o all_o climate_n be_v make_v by_o the_o combination_n of_o parallel_n we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o parallel_n to_o be_v know_v in_o cosmographie_n the_o first_o be_v those_o which_o do_v distinguish_v the_o latitude_n of_o place_n take_v their_o beginning_n from_o the_o equatour_n and_o be_v in_o a_o ordinary_a globe_n of_o map_n distinguish_v sometime_o by_o 10_o sometime_o by_o 15_o degree_n the_o second_o kind_n of_o parallel_n be_v those_o that_o make_v the_o zone_n which_o be_v indeed_o some_o special_a name_v parallel_n as_o the_o tropic_n and_o the_o polar_a circle_n the_o three_o sort_n be_v call_v artificial_a parallel_n because_o they_o show_v the_o distance_n of_o artificial_a day_n and_o night_n which_o be_v common_o note_v in_o the_o margin_n of_o a_o geographical_a map_n which_o last_o sort_n of_o parallel_n be_v here_o chief_o to_o be_v understand_v 1_o the_o zone_n and_o climate_n agree_v in_o form_n but_o differ_v in_o greatness_n number_n and_o office_n the_o climate_n be_v so_o call_v as_o we_o have_v say_v because_o they_o decline_v from_o the_o equatour_n and_o be_v space_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v two_o parallel_n in_o which_o the_o long_a day_n be_v vary_v by_o half_a a_o hour_n these_o agree_v with_o the_o zone_n in_o some_o sort_n for_o both_o of_o they_o be_v spread_v by_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o parallel_n circle_n compass_v it_o about_o as_o so_o many_o girdle_n nevertheless_o they_o differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o 1._o in_o greatness_n because_o the_o zone_n be_v great_a the_o climate_n lesser_a space_n in_o the_o earth_n 2._o in_o number_n because_o there_o be_v only_o five_o zone_n but_o many_o more_o climate_n 3._o in_o office_n use_n and_o effect_n because_o the_o zone_n be_v to_o distinguish_v the_o mutation_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o air_n and_o shadow_n according_a to_o diverse_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o climate_n be_v use_v to_o show_v the_o great_a difference_n of_o hour_n in_o the_o day_n to_o show_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n for_o place_n under_o the_o same_o climate_n have_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o day_n and_o night_n the_o same_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n whereas_o place_n seat_v under_o diverse_a climate_n have_v a_o great_a variation_n in_o the_o day_n and_o night_n and_o a_o diverse_a rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n for_o as_o often_o as_o the_o long_a or_o solsticiall_a day_n of_o one_o place_n differ_v from_o the_o long_a day_n of_o another_o by_o the_o space_n of_o half_a a_o hour_n a_o new_a climate_n be_v place_v wherefore_o under_o the_o equatour_n or_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o day_n be_v always_o equal_a to_o wit_n of_o 12_o hour_n which_o beginning_n from_o the_o equatour_n if_o we_o approach_v towards_o either_o pole_n so_o far_o as_o the_o great_a artificial_a day_n amount_v to_o 12_o ½_o we_o may_v assure_v ourselves_o that_o we_o be_v come_v to_o the_o first_o climate_n and_o so_o forward_o still_o the_o great_a day_n of_o our_o climate_n will_v by_o so_o much_o exceed_v the_o great_a day_n of_o the_o other_o as_o the_o climate_n differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o
it_o great_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o solstice_n the_o reflection_n be_v great_a approach_a near_o to_o right_v angle_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o earth_n we_o shall_v find_v no_o reason_n at_o all_o why_o the_o heat_n shall_v be_v more_o predominant_a at_o this_o time_n then_o another_o then_o must_v we_o of_o necessity_n ascribe_v it_o to_o a_o special_a influence_n of_o the_o dogstar_n be_v in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o sun_n many_o other_o instance_n may_v be_v here_o produce_v but_o i_o hold_v it_o needless_a be_v a_o matter_n consent_v to_o among_o most_o philosopher_n the_o second_o point_n concern_v the_o extent_n and_o limitation_n of_o this_o operation_n in_o inferior_a body_n for_o unfold_n of_o which_o point_n we_o must_v know_v that_o this_o operation_n may_v have_v respect_n either_o to_o the_o element_n of_o earth_n and_o aire_n or_o else_o to_o the_o inhabitant_n reside_v on_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n upon_o the_o elementary_a mass_n experience_n itself_o will_v warrant_v yet_o with_o this_o limitation_n that_o this_o operation_n be_v measure_v and_o square_v according_a to_o the_o matter_n whereinto_o it_o be_v receive_v as_o for_o example_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o moon_n more_o operative_a and_o predominant_a in_o moist_a body_n then_o in_o other_o partake_v less_o of_o this_o quality_n likewise_o the_o heat_n cause_v by_o the_o sun_n more_o fervent_a where_o it_o meet_v with_o a_o subject_n which_o be_v more_o capable_a whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o one_o country_n be_v find_v hot_a than_o another_o although_o subject_n to_o the_o same_o latitude_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n for_o howsoever_o the_o action_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v always_o the_o same_o and_o uniform_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n itself_o yet_o must_v the_o same_o be_v measure_v and_o limit_v according_a to_o the_o subject_n into_o which_o it_o be_v impress_v for_o the_o inhabitant_n we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v in_o they_o a_o twofold_a nature_n the_o one_o material_a as_o partake_v of_o the_o element_n whereof_o every_o mix_a body_n be_v compound_v the_o other_o spiritual_a as_o that_o of_o the_o soul_n the_o former_a we_o can_v exempt_v from_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n for_o as_o much_o as_o every_o physician_n can_v tell_v how_o much_o the_o humour_n and_o part_n of_o our_o body_n be_v stir_v by_o celestial_a influence_n especial_o by_o the_o moon_n according_a to_o who_o change_n our_o body_n daily_o undergo_v a_o alteration_n for_o the_o humane_a soul_n how_o far_o it_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o star_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n yet_o may_v we_o in_o some_o sort_n clear_v the_o doubt_n by_o this_o one_o distinction_n the_o heaven_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o operation_n upon_o the_o soul_n two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o immediate_o by_o itself_o second_o mediate_o by_o the_o humour_n and_o corporeal_a organ_n whereof_o the_o soul_n operation_n depend_v the_o first_o we_o absolute_o deny_v for_o the_o soul_n be_v a_o immaterial_a substance_n can_v be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o a_o material_a agent_n as_o philosopher_n affirm_v for_o the_o second_o it_o may_v be_v grant_v without_o any_o absurdity_n for_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o soul_n depend_v mere_o on_o material_a and_o corporeal_a organ_n the_o elementary_a matter_n whereof_o these_o organ_n consist_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o any_o other_o elementary_a matter_n so_o that_o we_o may_v affirm_v the_o heaven_n in_o some_o sort_n to_o govern_v man_n mind_n and_o disposition_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o depend_v upon_o the_o bodily_a instrument_n but_o here_o we_o must_v note_v by_o the_o way_n that_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o infer_v a_o necessity_n another_o thing_n to_o give_v a_o inclination_n the_o former_a we_o can_v absolute_o aver_v for_o as_o much_o as_o man_n will_n which_o be_v the_o commandress_n of_o his_o action_n be_v absolute_o free_a not_o subject_a to_o any_o natural_a necessity_n or_o external_a coaction_n yet_o can_v we_o not_o deny_v a_o certain_a inclination_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o soul_n of_o a_o man_n be_v too_o much_o indulgent_a unto_o the_o body_n by_o who_o motion_n it_o be_v rather_o persuade_v then_o command_v the_o three_o point_n we_o have_v in_o hand_n be_v to_o show_v how_o many_o way_n the_o heaven_n by_o their_o operation_n can_v affect_v and_o dispose_v a_o place_n on_o the_o earth_n here_o we_o must_v note_v that_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v twofold_a either_o ordinary_a or_o extraordinary_a the_o ordinary_a be_v again_o twofold_a either_o variable_a or_o inuariable_a the_o variable_a i_o call_v that_o which_o be_v vary_a according_a to_o the_o season_n as_o when_o the_o sun_n by_o his_o increase_n or_o decrease_v of_o heat_n produce_v summer_n or_o winter_n spring_n or_o autumn_n which_o operation_n depend_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o ecliptic_a line_n wherein_o he_o come_v sometime_o near_o unto_o we_o sometime_o go_v fâ—rther_o from_o our_o vertical_a point_n the_o inuariable_a i_o call_v that_o whereby_o the_o same_o place_n be_v suppose_v to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o temperament_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a without_o any_o sensible_a difference_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n put_v aside_o other_o cause_n and_o circumstance_n for_o how_o soever_o every_o region_n be_v subject_a to_o these_o four_o change_n to_o wit_n summer_n winter_n spring_n and_o autumn_n yet_o may_v the_o same_o place_n enjoy_v the_o same_o temperament_n of_o summer_n and_o winter_n one_o year_n as_o it_o do_v another_o without_o any_o great_a alteration_n and_o this_o depend_v from_o the_o situation_n of_o any_o place_n near_o or_o far_o of_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n the_o extraordinary_a operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n depend_v from_o some_o extraordinary_a combination_n or_o concourse_n of_o planet_n particular_o affect_v some_o special_a place_n whence_o the_o cause_n may_v be_v probable_o show_v why_o some_o place_n shall_v some_o â—eeres_n prove_v extraordinary_a fruitful_a other_o time_n degenerate_a again_o to_o barrenness_n or_o why_o it_o shall_v sometime_o be_v molest_v with_o too_o much_o drought_n and_o other_o time_n with_o too_o much_o moisture_n to_o let_v pass_v the_o other_o consideration_n as_o more_o appertain_v to_o a_o astrologer_n than_o a_o geographer_n we_o will_v here_o only_o fasten_v on_o the_o inuariable_a operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n on_o earthly_a place_n and_o search_v how_o far_o forth_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v vary_v in_o their_o temper_n &_o quality_n according_a to_o their_o diverse_a situation_n and_o respect_n to_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n take_v only_a notice_n of_o the_o diurnal_a and_o ordinary_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o course_n herein_o shall_v we_o find_v no_o small_a variety_n not_o only_o in_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n but_o also_o in_o the_o disposition_n and_o complexion_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n both_o which_o we_o shall_v more_o special_o declare_v the_o former_a in_o this_o chapter_n the_o other_o in_o due_a place_n wherein_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o material_a constitution_n and_o manner_n of_o diverse_a nation_n 2_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n a_o place_n may_v be_v divide_v two_o way_n first_o into_o the_o north_n and_o south_n second_o into_o the_o east_n and_o west_n 3_o any_o place_n be_v say_v to_o be_v northern_a which_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o arctic_a pole_n southern_a betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o the_o antarcticke-pole_n the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o have_v former_o teach_v be_v divide_v by_o the_o equatour_n into_o two_o hemisphere_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v call_v northern_a lie_v towards_o the_o northern_a or_o arctic_a pole_n the_o other_o towards_o the_o other_o pole_n be_v call_v the_o southern_a but_o here_o to_o clear_v all_o doubt_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o a_o place_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v northern_a or_o southern_a two_o manner_n of_o way_n either_o absolute_o or_o respective_o absolute_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n be_v term_v when_o they_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o northern_a or_o southern_a hemisphere_n as_o we_o have_v teach_v in_o this_o definition_n but_o such_o as_o be_v respective_o northern_a may_v be_v understand_v of_o such_o region_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v situate_a near_o the_o pole_n the_o other_o near_a the_o equatour_n in_o the_o first_o place_n here_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v a_o place_n as_o it_o be_v absolute_o take_v to_o be_v either_o north_n or_o south_n concern_v which_o we_o will_v particular_o note_v these_o two_o theorem_n 1_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n alike_o situate_a general_o enjoy_v a_o like_a disposition_n we_o have_v former_o grant_v to_o
geographie_n delineate_v forth_o in_o two_o book_n contain_v the_o spherical_a and_o topical_a part_n thereof_o by_o nathanael_n carpenter_n fellow_n of_o exeter_n college_n in_o oxford_n the_o second_o edition_n correct_v ecclesiast_n 1._o one_o generation_n come_v and_o another_o go_v but_o the_o earth_n remain_v for_o ever_o oxford_z print_v by_o john_n lichfield_n for_o henry_n cripps_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o henry_n curteyne_a anno_fw-la domini_fw-la m._n dc_o xxxv_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a william_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n lord_n chamberlaine_n to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n knight_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o chancellor_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n right_o honourable_a this_o poor_a infant_n of_o i_o which_o i_o now_o offer_v to_o your_o honourable_a acceptance_n be_v consecrate_v you_o in_o the_o first_o conception_n if_o the_o hasty_a desire_n i_o have_v to_o present_v it_o make_v it_o as_o a_o abortive_a brat_n seem_v unworthy_a my_o first_o wish_n and_o your_o favourable_a patronage_n impute_v it_o i_o beseech_v you_o not_o to_o self-will_a but_o duty_n which_o will_v rather_o show_v herself_o too_o officious_a then_o negligent_a what_o i_o now_o dedicate_v rather_o to_o your_o honour_n than_o my_o own_o ambition_n i_o desire_v no_o far_o to_o be_v account_v i_o than_o your_o generous_a approbation_n wish_v it_o no_o other_o fate_n then_o either_o to_o die_v with_o your_o dislike_n or_o live_v with_o your_o name_n and_o memory_n the_o general_a acclamation_n of_o the_o learned_a of_o this_o age_n acknowledge_v with_o all_o thankful_a duty_n as_o well_o your_o love_n to_o learning_n as_o zeal_n to_o religion_n have_v long_o since_o stamp_v i_o you_o this_o arrogant_a desire_n of_o i_o ground_v more_o on_o your_o heroic_a virtue_n than_o my_o private_a end_n promise_v i_o more_o in_o your_o honourable_a estimation_n than_o some_o other_o in_o your_o greatness_n the_o expression_n of_o myself_o in_o these_o faculty_n beside_o my_o profession_n indebt_v more_o to_o love_n than_o ability_n set_v my_o ambition_n a_o pinch_n high_o than_o my_o nature_n but_o such_o be_v the_o magnificent_a splendour_n of_o your_o countenance_n which_o may_v easy_o lend_v your_o poor_a servant_n so_o much_o light_n as_o to_o lead_v he_o out_o of_o darkness_n and_o as_o the_o sun_n reflect_v on_o the_o base_a earth_n at_o once_o both_o view_n and_o guild_v his_o imperfection_n my_o language_n and_o formality_n i_o owe_v not_o to_o the_o court_n but_o university_n whereof_o i_o can_v but_o expect_v your_o honour_n to_o be_v a_o impartial_a umpire_n be_v a_o most_o vigorous_a member_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o head_n of_o the_o other_o corporation_n if_o these_o fruit_n of_o my_o labour_n purchase_v so_o much_o as_o your_o honour_n least_o approbabation_n i_o shall_v hold_v my_o wish_n even_o accomplish_v in_o their_o end_n and_o desire_v only_a to_o be_v think_v so_o worthy_a in_o your_o honourable_a esteem_n as_o to_o live_v and_o die_v your_o honour_n in_o all_o duty_n and_o service_n to_o be_v command_v nathanael_n carpenter_n the_o analysis_n of_o the_o first_o book_n geography_n who_o object_n be_v the_o whole_a earth_n be_v either_o spherical_a which_o be_v twofold_a either_o primary_n which_o consider_v the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n either_o as_o it_o be_v natural_a wherein_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v two_o thing_n the_o principle_n whereof_o it_o consist_v to_o wit_n matter_n and_o form_n chapter_n 1._o propriety_n arise_v out_o of_o they_o which_o again_o be_v either_o real_a such_o as_o be_v assign_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o which_o be_v either_o elementary_a as_o the_o conformity_n of_o all_o the_o part_n concur_v to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o sphere_n chapter_n 2._o magnetical_a which_o be_v either_o partial_a as_o the_o coition_n direction_n variation_n declination_n chap._n 3._o totall_n as_o the_o verticity_n and_o revolution_n chap._n 4._o heaven_n wherein_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o site_n stability_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n chap._n 5._o imaginary_a such_o as_o be_v the_o circle_n and_o lineament_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o who_o invention_n and_o expression_n chap._n 6._o artificial_a in_o the_o artificial_a sphere_n represent_v the_o natural_a unto_o we_o which_o be_v either_o common_a or_o magnetical_a chap._n 7._o secondary_a which_o handle_v such_o matter_n in_o the_o sphere_n as_o secondary_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o first_o such_o be_v measure_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o diverse_a manner_n of_o invention_n chap._n 8._o distinction_n which_o be_v either_o space_n consider_v simple_o in_o themselves_o in_o which_o sort_n they_o be_v divide_v into_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n chap._n 9_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o suffer_v manifold_a distinction_n chap._n 10._o distance_n which_o be_v either_o simple_a wherein_o be_v consider_v the_o longitude_n &_o latitude_n of_o place_n chap._n 11._o comparative_a wherein_o two_o place_n differ_v either_o in_o longitude_n or_o latitude_n or_o both_o be_v consider_v chap._n 12._o topical_a libro_fw-la 2o._o of_o the_o special_a content_n of_o each_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o book_n according_a to_o the_o several_a theorem_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o matter_n and_o form_n 1_o in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v more_o earth_n than_o water_n pag._n 8_o 2_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n together_o make_v one_o sphere_n pag._n 10_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o conformity_n of_o part_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o the_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n do_v natural_o conform_v and_o dispose_v themselves_o as_o well_o to_o the_o production_n and_o generation_n as_o to_o the_o continuance_n and_o preservation_n of_o it_o pag._n 14_o 2_o all_o earthly_a body_n incline_v and_o approach_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v 16_o 3_o of_o two_o heavy_a body_n strive_v for_o the_o same_o place_n that_o always_o prevail_v which_o be_v heavy_a 22_o 4_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o earth_n enjoy_v the_o low_a place_n the_o next_o the_o water_n and_o the_o last_o the_o air_n ibid._n 5_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o a_o attractive_a but_o a_o mere_a respective_a point_n 25._o 6_o the_o same_o point_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o magnitude_n and_o weight_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 26_o 7_o every_o point_n or_o centre_n of_o a_o weighty_a body_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n by_o a_o right_a line_n 27_o 8_o a_o heavy_a point_n move_v towards_o the_o centre_n will_v move_v fast_o in_o the_o end_n then_o in_o the_o beginning_n 28_o 9_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o magnitude_n towards_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o mere_o natural_a but_o mix_v with_o a_o violent_a motion_n 29_o 10_o the_o line_n wherein_o the_o centre_n of_o two_o heavy_a body_n be_v move_v downeward_o be_v continue_v will_v meet_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n 31_o 11_o two_o heavy_a body_n of_o the_o same_o figure_n and_o matter_n whether_o equal_a or_o unequal_a will_v in_o a_o equal_a time_n move_v in_o a_o equal_a space_n 32_o 12_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v round_o and_o spherical_a 33_o 13_o the_o rugged_a and_o unequal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n hinder_v not_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o it_o 36_o 14_o the_o water_n concur_v with_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o globe_n be_v also_o spherical_a 38_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o partial_a magnetical_a affection_n in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v of_o a_o magnetical_a nature_n and_o disposition_n pag._n 46_o 2_o the_o magnetical_a motion_n be_v excite_v in_o a_o small_a and_o unperceivable_a difference_n of_o time_n 49_o 3_o the_o motive_n quality_n be_v spread_v spherical_o through_o every_o part_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n 49_o 4_o the_o motive_n quality_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n in_o other_o part_n so_o much_o the_o strong_a by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v situate_v near_o the_o pole_n 50_o 5_o magnetical_a body_n move_v not_o uncertain_o but_o have_v their_o motion_n direct_v and_o conform_v to_o certain_a bound_n 52_o 6_o the_o magnet_n communicate_v his_o virtue_n to_o iron_n or_o steel_n if_o it_o be_v touch_v with_o it_o 55_o 7_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n 56_o 8_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o loadstone_n turn_v to_o the_o north_n and_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n 57_o 9_o the_o contrary_a motion_n in_o magnet_n be_v the_o just_a confluxe_n and_o conformity_n of_o such_o body_n to_o magnetical_a union_n 59_o 10_o if_o any_o part_n southward_a of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v tear_v away_o or_o diminish_v so_o much_o
the_o last_o of_o the_o parallel_n there_o will_v be_v one_o only_a equinoxe_n &_o that_o in_o the_o solstice_n in_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n in_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o year_n the_o day_n will_v either_o be_v long_o or_o else_o short_a than_o the_o night_n but_o if_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v seat_v within_o the_o parallel_n in_o the_o point_n n_o there_o will_v be_v two_o equinox_n in_o a_o year_n wherein_o the_o space_n of_o day_n and_o night_n shall_v increase_v and_o decrease_v nevertheless_o these_o increment_n &_o decrement_n shall_v neither_o in_o number_n nor_o in_o greatness_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o increment_n and_o decrement_n of_o the_o night_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v very_o easy_o by_o sense_n compare_v the_o two_o triangle_n dng_v and_o qnk_v because_o that_o more_o and_o great_a segment_n of_o parallel_n be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o triangle_n lnk_v then_o in_o the_o triangle_n png._n four_o if_o the_o earth_n shall_v unequal_o respect_v the_o pole_n and_o be_v not_o place_v in_o the_o centre_n the_o shadow_n of_o gnomon_n erect_v which_o make_v right_a angle_n with_o the_o horizon_n shall_v not_o be_v cast_v direct_o forward_o in_o one_o right_a line_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o equinox_n the_o sun_n exact_o place_v in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n as_o for_o example_n let_v the_o earth_n be_v a_o seat_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n bc_n and_o let_v there_o be_v a_o gnomon_n erect_v on_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n which_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o circle_n bc_n it_o be_v manifest_a to_o sense_n that_o the_o sun_n set_v in_o c_o the_o shadow_n will_v be_v cast_v in_o the_o opposite_a part_n towards_o b._n likewise_o the_o sun_n rise_v in_o b_o will_v cast_v his_o shadow_n towards_o c._n but_o ac_fw-la and_o ab_fw-la concur_v in_o one_o right_a line_n which_o plain_o demonstrat_n unto_o we_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a but_o if_o it_o be_v place_v out_o of_o it_o towards_o either_o side_n as_o in_o e_z if_o a_o gnomon_n be_v set_v up_o on_o the_o horizon_n as_o of_o we_o shall_v see_v that_o the_o sun_n rise_v in_o b_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a the_o shadow_n will_v be_v direct_v by_o the_o line_n eglantine_n likewise_o the_o sun_n set_v in_o c_o the_o shadow_n will_v make_v the_o right_a line_n eh_n but_o these_o two_o right_a line_n be_v produce_v will_v cut_v one_o the_o other_o in_o the_o point_n e_o and_o therefore_o can_v concur_v in_o the_o same_o right_a line_n whereof_o ordinary_a experience_n witness_v the_o contrary_a five_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v thus_o place_v it_o will_v follow_v by_o necessary_a consequence_n that_o two_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n diametral_o opposite_a shall_v not_o be_v see_v by_o a_o dioptricke_a instrument_n which_o be_v against_o experience_n which_o witness_v that_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n may_v be_v see_v by_o one_o right_a line_n also_o the_o rise_n in_o the_o summer_n solstice_n and_o the_o set_n in_o the_o winter_n solstice_n to_o answer_v to_o each_o other_o in_o one_o right_a line_n in_o every_o horizon_n which_o can_v not_o be_v perform_v unless_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a plain_a and_o the_o centre_n let_v there_o be_v aâ—_n horizon_n bdce_n the_o equator_fw-la bc_n the_o axletree_n of_o the_o world_n de_fw-fr the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n fg_v of_o capricorn_n he_o let_v the_o earth_n first_o be_v place_v in_o the_o centre_n a_o here_o may_v plain_o be_v perceive_v that_o the_o equinoctial_a east_n b_o and_o the_o equinoctial_a west_n c_o answer_n and_o concur_v in_o the_o right_a line_n bc_n also_o that_o the_o east_n point_n of_o the_o summer_n solstice_n f_o and_o the_o west_n of_o the_o winter_n solstice_n i_o to_o concur_v in_o the_o same_o right_a line_n fi_n also_o the_o winter_n east_n point_n h_n and_o the_o summer_n western_a point_n g_o to_o answer_v mutual_o one_o to_o the_o other_o by_o the_o same_o line_n gh_n which_o appearance_n be_v confirm_v of_o all_o astronomer_n now_o let_v the_o earth_n be_v set_v in_o the_o axis_n out_o of_o the_o equatour_n in_o k_o it_o be_v manifest_a to_o sense_n that_o the_o contrary_n will_v always_o happen_v for_o the_o winter_n point_n of_o the_o sun_n set_v i_o by_o a_o right_a line_n draw_v from_o the_o earth_n will_v not_o direct_o answer_v to_o the_o summer_n point_n of_o rise_a f_o but_o to_o the_o point_n l._n likewise_o the_o winter_n point_n of_o sunne-setting_a g_o will_v answer_v to_o the_o point_n m_o and_o not_o to_o the_o winter_n rise_v h._n whence_o we_o have_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v this_o second_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n beside_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n to_o be_v inconvenient_a and_o no_o way_n to_o be_v defend_v for_o the_o three_o position_n that_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v so_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o centre_n as_o that_o it_o shall_v neither_o be_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a plain_n nor_o yet_o in_o the_o axletree_n we_o need_v produce_v no_o other_o confutation_n than_o what_o we_o have_v say_v before_o of_o the_o other_o two_o position_n because_o out_o of_o this_o the_o same_z or_o great_a absurdity_n will_v follow_v then_o of_o the_o other_o as_o any_o man_n may_v easy_o understand_v out_o of_o these_o demonstration_n we_o have_v before_o recite_v the_o second_o demonstrative_a reason_n wherewith_o ptolemy_n will_v confirm_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v in_o the_o centre_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o this_o manner_n if_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n there_o will_v not_o always_o happen_v eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n when_o the_o two_o great_a light_n be_v diametral_o oppose_v but_o sometime_o they_o will_v happen_v when_o these_o great_a light_n be_v not_o reside_v in_o opposite_a place_n of_o the_o zodiac_n which_o be_v false_a and_o against_o experience_n for_o all_o astronomer_n have_v witness_v that_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n then_o only_o be_v see_v when_o the_o sun_n &_o the_o moon_n stand_v direct_o opposite_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o because_o then_o be_v the_o earth_n direct_o interpose_v now_o let_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n be_v a_o in_o which_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o it_o then_o happen_v when_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n be_v exact_o oppose_v and_o the_o earth_n interpose_v direct_o which_o in_o this_o case_n can_v otherwise_o happen_v but_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v beside_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n as_o in_o b._n these_o thing_n may_v fall_v out_o that_o the_o two_o luminary_n may_v reside_v in_o two_o opposite_a point_n of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o yet_o cause_v no_o eclipse_n because_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o in_o the_o same_o diameter_n by_o the_o which_o they_o â—â—e_v oppose_v also_o the_o moon_n will_v sometime_o suffer_v a_o eclipse_n when_o she_o be_v less_o distant_a from_o the_o sun_n than_o a_o semicircle_n in_o a_o word_n this_o eclipse_v be_v in_o place_n opposite_a a_o semicircle_n will_v then_o only_o be_v see_v when_o the_o diameter_n of_o opposition_n shall_v pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o world_n all_o which_o be_v manifest_o repugnant_a to_o experience_n and_o observation_n out_o of_o this_o demonstration_n of_o ptolemy_n clavius_n a_o late_a astronomer_n in_o this_o sort_n draw_v the_o like_a conclusion_n let_v there_o be_v observe_v two_o diverse_a eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o zodiac_n now_o because_o each_o eclipse_n happen_v when_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n be_v oppose_v the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o in_o one_o diameter_n as_o experience_n &_o astronomical_a supputation_n warrant_v it_o must_v necessary_o be_v conclude_v that_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v in_o each_o of_o those_o diameter_n and_o so_o by_o consequence_n in_o the_o common_a section_n of_o they_o both_o sith_o then_o all_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o world_n concur_v and_o cut_v one_o the_o other_o in_o the_o centre_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o centre_n and_o midst_n of_o the_o world_n diverse_a reason_n there_o may_v be_v draw_v to_o prove_v this_o assertion_n but_o these_o demonstration_n of_o ptolemy_n as_o i_o have_v set_v they_o down_o enlarge_v and_o explain_v by_o our_o late_a writer_n may_v seem_v sufficient_a especial_o in_o a_o matter_n of_o few_o call_v in_o question_n 2_o the_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n may_v be_v reconcile_v as_o well_o with_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n forementioned_a as_o the_o apparence_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o this_o proposition_n may_v the_o better_o be_v
sphere_n the_o inclinatory_a needle_n shall_v conform_v itself_o in_o a_o parallell-wise_a to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o that_o place_n pass_v the_o equinoctial_a line_n as_o to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n of_o any_o place_n we_o be_v to_o use_v the_o help_n of_o the_o directory_n needle_n so_o to_o the_o find_v out_o of_o the_o equatour_n and_o parallel_n the_o inclinatory_a needle_n be_v most_o necessary_a because_o the_o former_a respect_n the_o magnetical_a motion_n of_o direction_n the_o latter_a of_o declination_n now_o wheresoever_o we_o shall_v see_v the_o needle_n to_o conform_v itself_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o it_o may_v lie_v parallel_n with_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o may_v assure_v ourselves_o that_o such_o a_o place_n be_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n the_o reason_n whereof_o we_o have_v give_v in_o our_o 3_o chapter_n out_o of_o the_o convertible_a nature_n of_o the_o magnet_n and_o here_o need_v no_o repetition_n only_o we_o will_v insert_v this_o one_o figure_n wherein_o the_o line_n cd_o draw_v through_o the_o centre_n of_o two_o inclinatory_a needle_n lie_v parallel_n to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n a._n b._n will_v express_v this_o equinoctial_a line_n which_o we_o here_o seek_v for_o the_o magnetical_a inclinatory_a needle_n be_v set_v in_o a_o frame_n or_o ring_n make_v for_o such_o a_o purpose_n will_v under_o the_o equator_fw-la respect_n one_o pole_n no_o more_o than_o another_o but_o lie_v level_a with_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n as_o under_o the_o pole_n it_o will_v make_v right_a angle_n with_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n in_o the_o middle_a space_n betwitxt_v the_o equatour_n and_o the_o pole_n it_o will_v conform_v itself_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o it_o make_v certain_a angle_n with_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n though_o not_o equal_a yet_o proportional_a to_o the_o latitude_n out_o of_o which_o a_o ingenious_a artificer_n may_v deduce_v the_o parallel_n of_o any_o place_n without_o any_o observation_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o be_v teach_v by_o instrument_n invent_v by_o gilbert_n ridley_n and_o diverse_a other_o which_o have_v undertake_v this_o subject_n 16_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o equatour_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o site_n we_o ought_v to_o consider_v the_o place_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o the_o world_n 1_o the_o equatour_n be_v a_o unmoveable_a circle_n who_o pole_n never_o vary_v from_o the_o â—ixt_a pole_n of_o the_o world_n whether_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la have_v be_v any_o time_n vary_v from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n be_v a_o controversy_n which_o have_v exercise_v the_o great_a wit_n joseph_n scaliger_n trust_v as_o it_o seem_v more_o to_o ancient_a history_n then_o modern_a experiment_n seem_v in_o two_o epistle_n not_o only_o to_o make_v a_o doubt_n whether_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o equatour_n have_v continue_v the_o same_o with_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n but_o supercilious_o as_o the_o manner_n of_o most_o critic_n be_v rather_o out_o of_o conjecture_n then_o reason_n to_o tax_v the_o common_a opinion_n of_o manifest_a error_n and_o absurdity_n the_o ground_n and_o original_a of_o this_o doubt_n grow_v out_o of_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n which_o have_v since_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v find_v to_o be_v move_v out_o of_o their_o place_n or_o at_o least_o not_o to_o retain_v the_o same_o point_n in_o the_o period_n of_o the_o sun_n motion_n the_o chief_a instance_n be_v take_v from_o the_o star_n in_o the_o horn_n of_o aries_n which_o in_o hyparchus_n time_n which_o live_v above_o 60_o year_n before_o ptolemy_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v not_o much_o distant_a from_o the_o equinoxe_n and_o before_o he_o in_o the_o very_a point_n itself_o but_o in_o our_o time_n remove_v about_o 28_o degree_n off_o also_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o cynosure_n or_o polestar_n that_o in_o hyparchus_n time_n it_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o pole_n about_o 12_o degree_n which_o we_o find_v in_o our_o time_n to_o be_v scarce_o 3_o degree_n distant_a to_o salve_v this_o appearance_n ptolemy_n invent_v a_o slow_a motion_n of_o the_o starry_a heaven_n or_o firmament_n whereby_o the_o fix_a star_n may_v be_v remove_v far_o off_o from_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a whence_o of_o a_o consequence_n the_o polestar_n shall_v not_o keep_v the_o same_o position_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o pole_n itself_o but_o vary_v his_o site_n according_a to_o the_o motion_n which_o opinion_n have_v a_o long_a time_n pass_v without_o contradiction_n till_o copernicus_n out_o of_o new_a ground_n seek_v for_o this_o motion_n in_o the_o earth_n to_o which_o he_o assign_v no_o less_o than_o three_o motion_n since_o copernicus_n arise_v joseph_n scaliger_n who_o contradict_v the_o common_a receive_a ground_n and_o yet_o for_o aught_o i_o see_v not_o trust_v to_o the_o supposition_n of_o copernicus_n will_v bring_v in_o another_o opinion_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o star_n of_o the_o firmament_n be_v not_o move_v from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o equinoxe_n but_o rather_o that_o the_o point_n be_v carry_v away_o from_o the_o star_n the_o decision_n of_o this_o point_n i_o dare_v not_o undertake_v better_a become_v the_o learned_a and_o industrious_a endeavour_n of_o our_o worthy_a professor_n m._n doctor_n bainbrigge_n and_o m._n henry_n brigges_n as_o best_o suit_v with_o their_o learning_n and_o profession_n ipse_fw-la semipaganus_fw-la ad_fw-la sacra_fw-la vatum_fw-la carmen_fw-la offero_fw-la nostrum_fw-la nevertheless_o as_o a_o learner_n for_o my_o own_o satisfaction_n i_o will_v willing_o enter_v a_o little_a into_o conference_n with_o this_o great_a and_o admire_a oracle_n joseph_n scaliger_n to_o sound_v the_o certainty_n of_o his_o ground_n that_o the_o polestar_n say_v he_o be_v so_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o pole_n as_o 12_o degree_n be_v no_o true_a observation_n but_o the_o error_n of_o hyparchus_n who_o afterward_o by_o his_o authority_n deceive_v ptolemy_n and_o he_o posterity_n the_o reason_n he_o allege_v be_v 1_o because_o eudoxus_n which_o be_v more_o ancient_a than_o hyparchus_n observe_v the_o same_o star_n to_o be_v in_o no_o other_o place_n then_o where_o now_o it_o be_v 2_o because_o that_o great_a light_n of_o astronomy_n copernicus_n perceive_v the_o equinox_n and_o solstitial_a point_n to_o be_v move_v be_v enforce_v to_o invent_v other_o ground_n but_o because_o his_o demonstration_n depend_v only_o on_o the_o apparence_n he_o seek_v out_o this_o effect_n in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n if_o it_o be_v manner_n to_o oppose_v so_o great_a a_o scholar_n as_o joseph_n scaliger_n i_o will_v ask_v a_o few_o question_n why_o we_o shall_v not_o credit_n the_o observation_n of_o hyparchus_n ptolemy_n and_o all_o posterity_n as_o well_o as_o of_o eudoxus_n since_o antiquity_n without_o consent_n &_o approbation_n be_v no_o great_a argument_n of_o truth_n 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so_o far_o as_o the_o pole_n themselves_o it_o necessary_o must_v be_v that_o sometime_o he_o shall_v shoot_v forth_o his_o beam_n perpendicular_o as_o when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o a_o place_n sometime_o oblique_o as_o when_o he_o decline_v either_o one_o way_n or_o other_o from_o the_o vertical_a point_n sometime_o in_o parallel_n wise_a for_o as_o much_o as_o in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o sun_n cleave_v as_o it_o be_v to_o the_o horizon_n cast_v out_o his_o beam_n parallel_v and_o equidistant_a to_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n the_o right_a or_o perpendicular_a beam_n of_o the_o sun_n fall_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o right_a angle_n be_v turn_v and_o reflect_v into_o themselves_o and_o so_o make_v no_o shadow_n at_o all_o but_o the_o oblique_a beam_n in_o that_o they_o be_v not_o reflect_v into_o themselves_o must_v of_o necessity_n produce_v shadow_n yet_o in_o diverse_a manner_n for_o those_o sunbeam_n which_o 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which_o the_o sun_n cast_v forth_o at_o noon_n according_a to_o this_o manner_n 10._o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o shadow_n be_v either_o amphiscij_fw-la heteroscij_fw-la or_o periscij_fw-la the_o amphiscij_fw-la be_v those_o who_o noone-shaddowe_n but_o at_o diverse_a time_n of_o the_o year_n be_v â—ast_v both_o way_n that_o be_v to_o say_v north_n and_o south_n amphiscij_fw-la signify_v as_o much_o as_o people_n of_o a_o double_a shadow_n such_o be_v they_o which_o inhabit_v betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o the_o tropicke_n where_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n equal_v not_o 24._o degree_n these_o man_n have_v the_o sun_n twice_o every_o year_n in_o their_o zenith_n or_o vertical_a point_n and_o then_o they_o make_v no_o shadow_n at_o all_o and_o therefore_o they_o be_v call_v ascij_fw-la or_o without_o shadow_n but_o when_o the_o sun_n pass_v from_o their_o vertical_a point_n towards_o the_o northern_a sign_n then_o at_o noon_n it_o will_v cast_v the_o shadow_n towards_o the_o southern_a coast_n but_o contrariwise_o come_v from_o the_o zenith_n towards_o the_o southern_a sign_n the_o shadow_n will_v be_v dart_v towards_o the_o north_n which_o be_v evident_a out_o of_o the_o optic_a principle_n because_o the_o shadow_n be_v always_o find_v to_o be_v opposite_a in_o place_n to_o the_o sunbeam_n the_o gnomon_n or_o dark_a body_n interpose_v 11._o the_o heteroscij_fw-la be_v those_o who_o noone-shaddowe_n turn_v only_o one_o way_n that_o be_v either_o towards_o the_o north_n or_o towards_o the_o south_n these_o nation_n inhabit_v in_o a_o temperate_a zone_n betwixt_o the_o tropic_n and_o the_o polar_a circle_n whereas_o such_o as_o dwell_v in_o the_o temperate_a towards_o the_o north_n betwixt_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o polar_a circle_n arctic_n have_v their_o noone-shaddowe_n cast_v northward_o but_o those_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o equatour_n dwell_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o antarcticke_a circle_n cast_v their_o shadow_n southward_o of_o the_o former_a sort_n be_v grecian_n italian_n french_a spaniard_n german_n polonian_n suedians_n dane_n english_a and_o the_o rest_n inhabit_v our_o temperate_a zone_n which_o give_v occasion_n of_o that_o speech_n of_o lucan_n the_o poet_n concern_v the_o arabian_n come_v into_o thessaly_n in_o the_o war_n of_o hannibal_n and_o pompey_n ignotum_fw-la vobis_fw-la arâ—bes_fw-la venistis_fw-la in_o orbem_fw-la umbras_fw-la mirati_fw-la nemorum_fw-la non_fw-la ire_n sinistras_fw-la you_o be_v come_v arabian_n to_o a_o unknown_a land_n wonder_v the_o shade_n never_o take_v the_o southward_n hand_n which_o verse_n be_v in_o this_o sense_n to_o be_v understand_v poet_n be_v say_v to_o look_v and_o turn_v their_o face_n towards_o the_o west_n so_o that_o the_o south_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v count_v the_o left_a side_n now_o the_o
this_o meridian_n will_v cut_v the_o equatour_n in_o some_o degree_n or_o other_o which_o be_v number_v as_o before_o from_o the_o first_o meridian_n will_v show_v the_o direct_a longitude_n the_o like_a of_o which_o we_o have_v in_o the_o second_o case_n 2_o the_o meridian_n run_v through_o any_o place_n of_o the_o geographical_a table_n will_v point_v and_o design_n out_o in_o the_o equatour_n the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n this_o may_v easy_o be_v teach_v by_o the_o former_a way_n perform_v on_o the_o globe_n as_o for_o example_n if_o i_o shall_v inquire_v the_o longitude_n of_o paris_n the_o metropolis_n of_o france_n in_o a_o geographical_a map_n i_o find_v a_o meridian_n mark_v out_o which_o run_v if_o not_o direct_o through_o yet_o very_a near_o the_o say_a city_n this_o meridian_n i_o trace_v along_o to_o the_o southern_a part_n till_o i_o find_v it_o to_o meet_v and_o cut_v the_o equatour_n then_o observe_v i_o in_o what_o degree_n of_o the_o equatour_n it_o make_v his_o intersection_n and_o i_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 23_o degree_n 20_o minute_n which_o be_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n 15_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o longitude_n the_o latitude_n come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o be_v handle_v the_o latitude_n be_v the_o distance_n of_o any_o place_n from_o the_o equatour_n either_o north_n or_o south_n what_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o longitude_n must_v also_o agree_v to_o the_o latitude_n that_o it_o be_v take_v sometime_o absolute_o and_o general_o sometime_o special_o in_o the_o former_a sense_n it_o signify_v any_o distance_n or_o space_n between_o north_n and_o south_n or_o contrariwise_o from_o south_n to_o north._n among_o the_o ancient_n be_v the_o breadth_n or_o latitude_n hold_v to_o be_v about_o 80_o degree_n so_o that_o the_o utmost_a bind_v or_o limit_v to_o it_o northward_o be_v call_v thule_n which_o common_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v island_n but_o the_o latter_a navigatour_n through_o their_o diligence_n have_v detect_v so_o much_o land_n that_o it_o be_v find_v to_o stretch_v beyond_o 81_o degree_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o 45_o towards_o the_o south_n and_o much_o far_a if_o we_o will_v believe_v the_o relation_n of_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr quir_n a_o spaniard_n who_o boast_v a_o more_o ample_a discovery_n of_o the_o south_n iâ—dies_n than_o ever_o before_o have_v be_v know_v but_o howsoever_o the_o latitude_n here_o define_v be_v take_v in_o a_o more_o special_a and_o strict_a sense_n for_o the_o distance_n of_o any_o place_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n be_v it_o either_o towards_o the_o north_n or_o the_o south_n the_o bind_v therefore_o from_o which_o we_o begin_v our_o account_n of_o latitude_n be_v the_o equatour_n but_o the_o subject_n wherein_o it_o be_v measure_v be_v the_o meridian_n so_o that_o it_o be_v clean_o opposite_a to_o the_o longitude_n for_o that_o be_v limit_v by_o the_o meridian_n and_o measure_v in_o the_o equatour_n the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n be_v always_o equal_a to_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o and_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o northern_a and_o the_o southern_a latitude_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v from_o the_o equatour_n northward_o the_o other_o southward_o 16_o concern_v the_o latitude_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v the_o invention_n and_o the_o expression_n the_o invention_n be_v again_o twofold_a astronomical_a or_o magnetical_a 17_o the_o astronomical_a invention_n of_o the_o latitude_n be_v by_o observation_n of_o the_o star_n which_o be_v direct_v by_o these_o proposition_n 1_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a subtract_v from_o 90_o degree_n will_v show_v the_o true_a latitude_n of_o the_o place_n the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o noon_n may_v be_v find_v by_o the_o astrolabe_n crosse-staffe_n quadrant_n and_o many_o other_o astronomical_a instrument_n but_o in_o take_v the_o meridian_n altitude_n it_o be_v very_o fit_a and_o requisite_a that_o it_o be_v observe_v diverse_a time_n one_o after_o another_o with_o some_o little_a space_n betwixt_o to_o try_v whether_o it_o increase_v or_o decrease_v for_o if_o it_o do_v increase_v then_o assure_v yourself_o it_o be_v not_o full_a noon_n if_o it_o decrease_v it_o be_v past_a noon_n have_v thus_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n altitude_n you_o must_v subduct_v it_o from_o 90_o degree_n and_o the_o residue_n will_v be_v the_o true_a latitude_n of_o the_o place_n if_o so_o be_v it_o be_v observe_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a when_o the_o sun_n enter_v the_o first_o point_n of_o aries_n or_o libra_n as_o for_o example_n here_o at_o oxford_n i_o observe_v the_o meridian_n height_n of_o the_o sun_n about_o the_o eleven_o of_o march_n and_o i_o find_v it_o to_o be_v about_o 37_o degree_n or_o thereabouts_o which_o i_o subtract_v out_o of_o 90_o the_o whole_a quadrant_n and_o the_o residue_n will_v be_v 51½_n which_o be_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n but_o if_o you_o will_v know_v the_o latitude_n at_o any_o other_o day_n or_o time_n of_o the_o year_n then_o must_v you_o proceed_v in_o this_o manner_n have_v take_v the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o noon_n as_o before_o you_o must_v by_o the_o table_n of_o declination_n learn_v the_o true_a degree_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n 2_o if_o such_o declination_n be_v northerne_o then_o must_v you_o subtract_v it_o from_o the_o foresay_a altitude_n or_o height_n but_o if_o southern_o you_o must_v add_v it_o to_o the_o altitude_n and_o by_o such_o addition_n and_o subtraction_n shall_v you_o have_v the_o height_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a above_o the_o horizon_n 3_o this_o height_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a above_o your_o horizon_n be_v as_o before_o subtract_v from_o 90_o will_v be_v the_o true_a latitude_n of_o the_o place_n assign_v as_o for_o example_n the_o 15_o of_o august_n i_o observe_v the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o be_v about_o 10_o degree_n the_o sun_n be_v in_o 2_o degree_n of_o virgo_fw-la i_o find_v the_o meridian_n height_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o be_v 48_o degree_n or_o thereabouts_o now_o because_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o virgo_fw-la have_v a_o northern_a declination_n i_o subtract_v 10_o which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o the_o declination_n out_o of_o 48_o the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o there_o will_v remain_v 38_o which_o again_o take_v â—ut_v of_o 90_o the_o residue_n will_v be_v about_o 52_o the_o common_a receive_v latitude_n of_o the_o place_n 2_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o any_o star_n the_o declination_n subtract_v if_o it_o be_v northern_a or_o add_v if_o it_o be_v southern_a be_v subtract_v out_o of_o 90_o will_v show_v at_o any_o time_n of_o the_o year_n the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o former_a rule_n serve_v only_o for_o the_o day_n because_o it_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o this_o latter_a may_v be_v more_o necessary_a for_o mariner_n who_o now_o and_o then_o be_v enforce_v to_o inquire_v the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o night_n when_o the_o sun_n shine_v not_o wherefore_o they_o must_v fly_v unto_o some_o know_a star_n by_o observation_n of_o which_o they_o may_v easy_o perform_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n which_o differres_fw-la nothing_o at_o all_o from_o that_o which_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o sun_n out_o of_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o therefore_o need_v no_o other_o exposition_n than_o a_o bare_a example_n let_v the_o fix_a star_n you_o best_o know_v be_v arcturus_n who_o meridian_n altitude_n you_o find_v by_o your_o mathematical_a instrument_n to_o be_v 59_o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n then_o shall_v you_o learn_v by_o some_o table_n that_o this_o declination_n northward_o be_v 21_o degree_n 30_o minute_n now_o because_o his_o declination_n be_v northward_o you_o must_v subtract_v it_o out_o of_o his_o meridian_n altitude_n and_o you_o shall_v find_v the_o remainder_n to_o be_v 52_o degree_n which_o be_v the_o latitude_n for_o the_o place_n as_o it_o be_v common_o take_v although_o i_o confess_v it_o may_v be_v more_o exact_a be_v observe_v here_o at_o oxford_n be_v find_v rather_o 51_o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n 18_o the_o magnetical_a invention_n be_v perform_v by_o the_o magnetical_a inclinatory_a needle_n the_o ground_n of_o this_o magnetical_a invention_n be_v from_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o magnetical_a inclinatory_a needle_n and_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v in_o the_o 13_o proposition_n of_o the_o 3_o chapter_n the_o magnetical_a inclinatory_a needle_n will_v at_o every_o point_n of_o latitude_n conform_v itself_o to_o certain_a angle_n with_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n proportional_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o that_o latitude_n upon_o which_o ground_n dr_n ridley_n have_v invent_v a_o curious_a instrument_n to_o find_v out_o the_o latitude_n
expression_n and_o manner_n of_o description_n of_o region_n aswell_o in_o the_o find_n out_o the_o angle_n of_o position_n as_o translation_n of_o place_n former_o find_v out_o into_o the_o globe_n or_o chart._n chap._n 4._o special_a which_o contain_v the_o distinction_n of_o a_o place_n into_o sea_n who_o description_n be_v call_v hydrography_n in_o which_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o adjunct_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v either_o internal_a which_o be_v inbred_a in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o again_o be_v either_o absolute_a such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n without_o any_o comparison_n of_o it_o with_o the_o land_n here_o we_o observe_v in_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o figure_n and_o quality_n chap._n 5._o 2_o the_o motion_n natural_a and_o violent_a chap._n 6._o comparative_a which_o concern_v the_o depth_n situation_n and_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n chap._n 7._o external_a which_o concern_v sea-trafficke_n and_o merchandise_n chap._n 8._o land_n which_o we_o term_v pedography_n who_o accident_n be_v either_o natural_a which_o be_v again_o divide_v into_o perpetual_a such_o as_o ordinary_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n these_o again_o be_v either_o absolute_a wherein_o we_o have_v no_o respect_n unto_o the_o sea_n here_o we_o consider_v the_o nature_n 1_o of_o river_n fountain_n and_o lakeâ—_n chap._n 9_o 2_o of_o mountain_n vallieâ—_n and_o plaine-region_n woody_a and_o champion_n country_n chap._n 10._o comparative_a wherein_o we_o consider_v the_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o land_n chap._n 11._o casual_a which_o seldom_o fall_v out_o such_o as_o be_v inundation_n and_o earthquake_n chap._n 12._o civil_a which_o concern_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o any_o place_n in_o who_o we_o consider_v the_o original_a or_o offspring_n chap._n 13._o disposition_n which_o be_v vary_v either_o accorâ—â—â—â—_n 〈…〉_z 1_o site_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n chap._n 14._o 2_o soil_n chap._n 15._o geographie_n the_o second_o book_n chap._n i._o of_o topographie_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o former_a treatise_n by_o god_n assistance_n we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o spherical_a part_n of_o geography_n it_o will_v in_o the_o second_o place_n seem_v convenient_a to_o speak_v of_o the_o topical_a part_n of_o it_o 2_o the_o topical_a part_n teach_v the_o description_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o place_n the_o nature_n of_o topographie_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v in_o this_o second_o part_n be_v discover_v unto_o we_o not_o only_o in_o the_o name_n which_o promise_v a_o description_n of_o place_n but_o also_o in_o the_o difference_n set_v down_o by_o ptolemy_n himself_o betwixt_o the_o spherical_a and_o topical_a part_n the_o former_a of_o which_o he_o call_v geography_n and_o latter_a topographie_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v at_o large_a in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o our_o former_a book_n here_o only_o we_o will_v note_v this_o one_o distinction_n that_o tâ—â—ograhie_n may_v be_v tâ—ken_v either_o more_o general_o or_o special_o general_o we_o may_v take_v it_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o discover_v unto_o we_o either_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o all_o his_o part_n or_o at_o least_o some_o great_a and_o principal_a part_n such_o as_o be_v a_o empire_n region_n kingdom_n or_o such_o like_a more_o special_o and_o particular_o it_o have_v usual_o be_v take_v for_o the_o description_n of_o a_o very_a small_a place_n who_o situation_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v not_o note_v but_o of_o the_o part_v one_o to_o the_o other_o such_o as_o be_v city_n burrowes_n townes_n castle_n lake_n and_o river_n the_o former_a whereat_o we_o chief_o aim_v can_v well_o be_v perform_v without_o the_o use_n of_o the_o spherical_a part_n that_o latter_a we_o will_v more_o spare_o touch_v be_v a_o infinite_a task_n in_o the_o whole_a earth_n to_o descend_v to_o all_o particular_n which_o come_v in_o our_o way_n yet_o shall_v we_o not_o altogether_o omit_v or_o neglect_v such_o circumstance_n in_o their_o due_a place_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o we_o can_v leave_v the_o rest_n to_o such_o topographer_n who_o spend_v their_o stock_n in_o the_o description_n of_o some_o particular_a place_n or_o region_n whereof_o this_o our_o age_n have_v produce_v many_o deserve_a high_a commendation_n this_o science_n be_v ancient_o adorn_v by_o homer_n anâ—â—imander_n milesius_n haecataeus_fw-la democritus_n eudoxius_n dicaearchus_n euphorus_n as_o we_o find_v in_o straboes_n first_o book_n to_o which_o afterward_o succeed_v eratosthenes_n polybius_n possidonius_fw-la and_o diverse_a other_o which_o part_n require_v little_a or_o small_a knowledge_n in_o the_o science_n mathematical_a but_o challenge_v more_o affinity_n with_o the_o physical_a and_o political_a part_n of_o philosophy_n and_o therefore_o be_v more_o subject_n to_o popular_a understanding_n then_o the_o former_a and_o may_v without_o it_o afford_v some_o profit_n to_o the_o reader_n 3_o the_o topical_a part_n be_v either_o general_a or_o special_a the_o general_n be_v that_o which_o handle_v the_o general_a adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n 4_o a_o place_n be_v a_o superficial_a space_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n fit_v for_o habitation_n to_o the_o constitution_n of_o a_o place_n as_o it_o be_v here_o topographical_o take_v there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o concurrence_n of_o two_o thing_n which_o we_o may_v call_v matter_n and_o form_n the_o matter_n be_v the_o space_n contain_v or_o superficial_a platform_n of_o the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o dwell_v the_o form_n be_v the_o capability_n or_o aptness_n of_o it_o for_o habitation_n both_o which_o concur_v together_o be_v conceive_v to_o make_v a_o place_n such_o as_o we_o here_o topographical_o understand_v for_o here_o we_o understand_v not_o a_o place_n physical_o for_o the_o receptacle_n of_o a_o natural_a body_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o heaven_n and_o all_o the_o element_n be_v say_v to_o have_v their_o natural_a place_n neither_o yet_o geometrical_o for_o a_o plain_a whereon_o a_o line_n or_o figure_n may_v be_v draw_v but_o topographical_o for_o the_o upper_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n whereon_o people_n or_o other_o live_a creature_n may_v inhabit_v this_o place_n as_o appear_v by_o reason_n and_o holy_a scripture_n be_v more_o ancient_a than_o habitation_n for_o whereas_o in_o the_o first_o mass_n the_o earth_n be_v invelope_v with_o water_n on_o every_o side_n afford_v no_o place_n for_o dwell_v almighty_a god_n be_v say_v afterward_o to_o have_v separate_v and_o part_v the_o water_n from_o the_o dry_a land_n make_v the_o one_o a_o receptacle_n for_o fish_n and_o such_o creature_n of_o the_o deep_a the_o other_o for_o a_o dwell_a place_n for_o mankind_n and_o such_o creature_n as_o breath_n upon_o the_o land_n yet_o have_v he_o so_o provide_v in_o his_o divine_a wisdom_n that_o neither_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o land_n can_v well_o want_v the_o sea_n nor_o the_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o sea_n want_v the_o land_n the_o one_o appear_v in_o that_o we_o be_v enforce_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o only_o for_o â—ood_a and_o nourishment_n whereof_o a_o great_a part_n consist_v of_o fish_n but_o also_o for_o our_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n with_o foreign_a nation_n which_o be_v better_o effect_v by_o sea_n then_o land-voyage_n the_o latter_a be_v as_o easy_o show_v in_o that_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o sea_n derive_v not_o only_o their_o composition_n but_o also_o their_o proper_a nourishment_n from_o the_o land_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v more_o occasion_n to_o speak_v hereafter_o now_o we_o be_v moreover_o to_o consider_v that_o a_o place_n may_v be_v take_v in_o a_o double_a sense_n first_o more_o large_o for_o any_o place_n wherein_o a_o creature_n may_v live_v for_o long_a or_o short_a time_n second_o more_o strict_o for_o such_o a_o space_n of_o earth_n whereon_o mankind_n may_v convenient_o reside_v or_o dwell_v the_o former_a comprehend_v not_o only_o the_o land_n but_o also_o the_o water_n for_o experience_n show_v that_o man_n in_o ship_n may_v for_o a_o time_n reside_v and_o dwell_v on_o the_o back_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n but_o the_o latter_a betoken_v a_o continuance_n of_o habitation_n be_v only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o land_n which_o sense_n howbeit_o it_o be_v more_o consonant_n to_o the_o common_a use_n of_o speech_n yet_o for_o method_n sake_n we_o be_v enforce_v to_o use_v the_o former_a understand_v by_o habitation_n not_o only_o a_o place_n of_o convenient_a residence_n but_o any_o other_o whereon_o a_o creature_n for_o a_o time_n may_v breathe_v and_o live_v 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v everywhere_o habitable_a it_o be_v a_o ancient_a opinion_n as_o we_o have_v former_o touch_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o everywhere_o habitable_a namely_o in_o the_o intemperate_a zone_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o earth_n
holy_a scripture_n and_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a â—hat_n many_o of_o those_o 〈◊〉_d people_n fetch_v their_o first_o original_n from_o they_o the_o second_a cause_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o industry_n and_o labour_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o tillage_n and_o manure_v of_o the_o ground_n wherein_o the_o southern_a inhabitant_n have_v be_v more_o deficient_a foâ—_n it_o be_v certain_a out_o of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n that_o noah_n ark_n wherein_o be_v thâ—_n seminary_n of_o mankind_n and_o almost_o all_o other_o liuâ—â—g_v 〈◊〉_d rest_v in_o â—he_n northern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n whence_o both_o man_n and_o beast_n begin_v to_o be_v propagate_v towards_o the_o southâ—punc_fw-la no_o far_o than_o necessity_n enforce_v the_o region_n inhabit_v gâ—â—wing_v daily_o more_o and_o more_o populous_a and_o as_o iâ—_n be_v groan_v to_o be_v deliver_v oâ—_n some_o of_o her_o child_n hence_o may_v be_v infer_v too_o consecâ—aries_n first_o that_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n be_v 〈◊〉_d soon_o and_o be_v now_o therefore_o â—ore_o populous_a than_o the_o southern_a second_o that_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a man_n which_o be_v best_a seat_v rathâ—r_n choose_v to_o keep_v their_o ancient_a habitation_n send_v such_o abroad_o who_o can_v either_o be_v best_a spare_v or_o have_v the_o small_a possession_n at_o home_n yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v but_o they_o retain_v with_o they_o a_o sufficient_a company_n and_o more_o than_o go_v away_o out_o of_o which_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o northern_a half_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v best_o inhabit_v shall_v be_v best_o manure_v and_o culture_v from_o whence_o the_o ground_n must_v in_o time_n prove_v more_o fruitful_a and_o commodious_a for_o habitation_n for_o as_o a_o fruitful_a country_n for_o want_n of_o the_o due_a manure_a and_o tillage_n do_v degenerate_a and_o wax_v barren_a so_o diverse_a barren_a and_o sterile_a country_n have_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v bring_v to_o fertility_n and_o make_v capable_a of_o many_o good_a commodity_n necessary_a for_o man_n life_n if_o i_o be_v curious_a to_o draw_v argument_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o heaven_n i_o can_v allege_v the_o greatness_n and_o multitude_n of_o star_n of_o the_o great_a magnitude_n in_o our_o northern_a hemisphere_n wherein_o the_o southern_a be_v deficient_a as_o also_o the_o long_o sojourn_v of_o the_o sun_n in_o our_o northern_a hemisphere_n but_o these_o as_o uncertain_a cause_n i_o pass_v over_o other_o reason_n may_v perchance_o be_v find_v out_o by_o those_o who_o be_v inquisitive_a into_o the_o secret_n of_o nature_n to_o who_o i_o leave_v the_o more_o exact_a search_n of_o these_o matter_n 4_o either_o hemisphere_n consist_v of_o 90_o degree_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n each_o of_o they_o contain_v 30_o degree_n 5_o of_o these_o part_n 30_o we_o allot_v for_o heat_n 30_o for_o cold_a and_o 30_o for_o temperature_n whereof_o the_o former_a lie_v towards_o the_o equatour_n the_o second_o towards_o the_o pole_n the_o three_o betwixt_o both_o the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o our_o former_a treatise_n divide_v the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o five_o zone_n which_o they_o suppose_v have_v also_o proportional_o divide_v the_o temper_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o heat_n and_o cold_a shall_v in_o rease_n or_o diminish_v which_o rule_n of_o they_o have_v be_v very_o certain_a be_v there_o no_o other_o cause_n concurrent_a in_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o air_n but_o only_o the_o heaven_n but_o since_o that_o many_o other_o concurrent_a cause_n as_o we_o have_v show_v mix_v themselves_o with_o these_o celestial_a operation_n and_o the_o experiment_n of_o navigatour_n have_v find_v out_o a_o disproportion_n in_o the_o quality_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o distance_n some_o late_a writer_n have_v seek_v out_o a_o new_a pertition_n more_o consonant_a to_o natural_a experience_n the_o whole_a latitude_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n consist_v of_o 90_o degree_n from_o the_o equatour_n to_o the_o pole_n they_o have_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n allow_v 30_o degree_n towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o heat_n 30_o degree_n towards_o the_o pole_n to_o cold_a and_o the_o other_o 30_o degree_n lie_v betwixt_o both_o to_o temperature_n these_o 30_o degree_n for_o imagination_n sake_n they_o have_v subdivide_v again_o each_o of_o they_o into_o two_o part_n contain_v 15_o degree_n a_o piece_n more_o particular_o to_o design_n out_o the_o special_a disposition_n of_o each_o region_n lie_v either_o northward_o or_o southward_o from_o the_o equatour_n which_o be_v the_o bind_v betwixt_o both_o hemisphere_n in_o the_o first_o section_n of_o 30_o degree_n lie_v northward_o from_o the_o equatour_n we_o comprehend_v in_o africa_n numidia_n nigritarum_fw-la regio_fw-la lybia_n guinia_n nubia_n egypt_n ethiopia_n superior_a in_o asia_n arabia_n india_n insulae_fw-la philippinae_fw-la in_o america_n nova_fw-la hispania_n hispaniola_n cuba_n with_o other_o part_n of_o america_n mexicana_n in_o the_o other_o extreme_a section_n from_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n to_o the_o pole_n we_o comprehend_v in_o europe_n groenland_n island_n friesland_n norwey_n suethland_n for_o the_o most_o part_n nova_fw-la zembla_n in_o asia_n a_o great_a part_n of_o scythia_n orientalis_n in_o america_n anian_n quivira_n with_o diverse_a other_o part_n of_o the_o north_n of_o america_n mexicana_n in_o the_o middle_n betwixt_o both_o betwixt_o 30_o and_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n we_o comprehend_v in_o africa_n barbary_n in_o europe_n all_o the_o kingdom_n except_o those_o north_n province_n before_o name_v and_o almost_o all_o asia_n except_o some_o place_n towards_o the_o south_n as_o arabia_n india_n and_o the_o philippinae_fw-la insulae_fw-la former_o place_v in_o the_o first_o section_n in_o like_a manner_n may_v we_o divide_v the_o southern_a hemisphere_n into_o three_o section_n in_o the_o first_o from_o the_o equatour_n 30_o degree_n we_o place_v in_o africa_n congo_n monomotapa_n madagascar_n in_o the_o southern_a tract_n beach_n and_o nova_fw-la guinia_n with_o many_o land_n thereunto_o adjoin_v as_o many_o of_o the_o philippinae_fw-la insulae_fw-la with_o insulae_fw-la solomonis_fw-la in_o america_n peru_n tisnada_n brasilia_n with_o the_o most_o part_n of_o that_o region_n which_o they_o call_v america_n peruana_n in_o the_o other_o extreme_a section_n from_o 60_o degree_n to_o the_o antarctike_a pole_n be_v couch_v the_o most_o part_n of_o that_o great_a land_n scarce_o yet_o discover_v call_v terra_fw-la australis_fw-la incognita_fw-la in_o the_o middle_a region_n betwixt_o both_o from_o 30_o to_o 60_o degree_n shall_v we_o find_v place_v in_o america_n the_o region_n of_o the_o pantagones_n in_o the_o southern_a continent_n maletur_fw-la javaminor_fw-la with_o many_o other_o in_o discover_v the_o quality_n of_o these_o several_a section_n or_o partition_n of_o the_o earth_n our_o chief_a discourse_n must_v be_v address_v to_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n as_o that_o be_v more_o discover_v and_o know_v among_o old_a and_o new_a writer_n by_o which_o according_a to_o the_o former_a proposition_n one_o may_v parallel_v the_o other_o concern_v which_o we_o will_v infer_v these_o proposition_n 1_o in_o the_o first_o section_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n the_o first_o 15_o degree_n from_o the_o equatour_n be_v find_v somewhat_o temperate_a the_o other_o 15_o about_o the_o tropic_n exceed_v hot._n that_o the_o region_n lie_v under_o the_o equatour_n be_v temperate_o hot_a contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n almost_o of_o all_o the_o ancient_n have_v be_v in_o part_n prove_v heretofore_o as_o well_o by_o reason_n as_o experiment_n for_o that_o all_o place_n by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o they_o approach_v the_o equatour_n by_o so_o much_o more_o shall_v be_v hot_a as_o some_o imagine_v diverse_a instance_n will_v contradict_v it_o be_v report_v by_o aluarez_n that_o the_o abyssine_a ambassador_n arrive_v at_o lisbon_n in_o portugal_n be_v there_o almost_o choke_v with_o extreme_a heat_n also_o pâ—rguer_n the_o german_n relate_v that_o he_o have_v feel_v the_o weather_n more_o hot_a about_o dantzicke_n and_o the_o baltic_a sea_n then_o at_o tholouse_n in_o a_o â—eruent_a summer_n the_o cause_n which_o we_o have_v before_o touch_v be_v chief_o two_o the_o first_o be_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v high_a in_o this_o orb_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o under_o the_o equatour_n and_o move_v more_o swift_o from_o they_o spend_v on_o they_o only_o twelve_o hour_n whence_o so_o great_a a_o impression_n of_o heat_n can_v be_v make_v as_o in_o other_o place_n for_o heat_n be_v a_o material_a quality_n must_v necessary_o require_v some_o latitude_n of_o time_n to_o be_v impress_v into_o the_o air_n or_o any_o other_o subject_n from_o the_o diminution_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o region_n must_v the_o air_n need_v receive_v into_o
the_o other_o at_o the_o end_n the_o former_a be_v think_v not_o habitable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o extremity_n of_o heat_n because_o the_o sunbeam_n there_o fall_v perpendicular_o and_o so_o make_v a_o great_a reflection_n the_o other_o for_o extremity_n of_o cold_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o obliquity_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n cause_v little_a or_o no_o reflection_n whence_o a_o second_o cause_n seem_v to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o extreme_a drought_n of_o those_o place_n which_o seem_v most_o opposite_a to_o man_n temper_n require_v a_o reasonable_a degree_n of_o moisture_n but_o notwithstanding_o these_o reason_n of_o the_o ancient_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v confess_v as_o a_o undoubted_a truth_n confirm_v by_o experience_n of_o many_o nâ—uigatours_n that_o those_o region_n by_o they_o imagine_v unfit_a for_o habitation_n be_v not_o only_o habitable_a but_o in_o many_o place_n very_o populous_a neither_o want_n there_o many_o reason_n find_v out_o by_o latter_a writer_n to_o 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