shall_v also_o be_v diminish_v of_o the_o north_n part_n 50_o 11_o the_o magnetical_a variation_n have_v no_o certain_a pole_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n 63_o 12_o the_o point_n of_o variation_n as_o of_o direction_n be_v only_o respective_a not_o attractive_a 65_o 13._o the_o variation_n of_o every_o place_n be_v constant_a not_o variable_a 66_o 14_o the_o variation_n be_v great_a in_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n ibid._n 15_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o latitude_n not_o in_o equality_n of_o degree_n but_o in_o proportion_n 69_o 16_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n be_v cause_v not_o of_o the_o attractive_a but_o of_o the_o disponent_fw-la and_o conuersive_a virtue_n of_o the_o earth_n 70_o 17_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n have_v a_o variation_n 71_o chap._n iv._o of_o the_o total_a motion_n magnetical_a 1_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o her_o magnetical_a vigour_n be_v most_o firm_o seat_v on_o her_o axle_n who_o end_n or_o pole_n respect_v always_o the_o same_o point_n in_o the_o heaven_n without_o alteration_n 72_o 2_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n have_v a_o circular_a motion_n 76_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o site_n stability_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n 99_o 2_o the_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n may_v be_v reconcile_v as_o well_o with_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o apparence_n of_o the_o heaven_n 110_o 3_o the_o earth_n be_v firm_o seat_v and_o settle_v in_o her_o proper_a place_n 115_o 4_o the_o earthly_a globe_n compare_v in_o quantity_n with_o the_o firmament_n &_o supreme_a orb_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n 118_o 5_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n compare_v with_o the_o inferior_a orb_n have_v a_o sensible_a magnitude_n 121_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a spheare·_n 1_o a_o circle_n though_o imaginary_a in_o itself_o have_v his_o ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 123_o 2_o the_o distinction_n of_o a_o circle_n into_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o part_n have_v no_o certain_a ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n but_o only_o in_o conveniency_n 124_o 3_o by_o astronomical_a observation_n to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n 127_o 4_o to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n magnetical_o 129_o 5_o by_o the_o incision_n of_o a_o tree_n the_o meridian_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 131_o 6_o the_o meridian_n be_v find_v to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n 137_o 7_o without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o meridian_n to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n 138_o 8_o to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n magnetical_o 138_o 9_o the_o equatour_n be_v a_o unmoveable_a circle_n who_o pole_n never_o vary_v from_o the_o fixt-pole_n of_o the_o earth_n 140_o 10_o how_o to_o know_v the_o number_n of_o degree_n in_o a_o lesser_a circle_n answerable_a to_o the_o great_a 147_o 11_o the_o sensible_a and_o rational_a horizon_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v much_o different_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n all_o one_o 151_o 12_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n may_v be_v great_a or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o place_n 153_o 13_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v so_o place_v on_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o may_v behold_v the_o whole_a hemisphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o yet_o no_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 154_o 14_o from_o the_o horizontall_a circle_n be_v reckon_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o any_o place_n assign_v 155_o 15_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o horizon_n for_o any_o place_n assign_v 156_o 16_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o horizontall_a plain_a 157_o 17_o the_o distinction_n of_o orison_n ibid._n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o artificial_a representation_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o of_o the_o part_n whereof_o the_o globe_n be_v geographical_o compound_v 163_o 2_o the_o use_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n be_v to_o express_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o have_v a_o diverse_a situation_n as_o well_o one_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o as_o the_o heaven_n 166_o 3_o of_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n ibid._n 4_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o fabric_n of_o the_o artificial_a plain_a chart._n 168_o 5_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o fabric_n of_o the_o geographical_a planispheare_n with_o their_o several_a distinction_n 175_o 6_o of_o the_o magnetical_a terrella_n 182_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o the_o common_a measure_n by_o which_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v know_v be_v mile_n and_o furlong_n 187_o 2_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n 188_o 3_o by_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o observation_n of_o a_o eclipse_n or_o some_o know_a star_n the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v know_v 189_o 4_o by_o observation_n of_o the_o noone-shadowe_n the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 190_o 5_o the_o opinion_n of_o cosmographer_n concern_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v diverse_a which_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o their_o error_n in_o observe_v the_o distance_n of_o place_n experimental_o according_a to_o miles_n furlong_n and_o such_o like_a measure_n 192_o 6_o how_o by_o the_o know_a height_n of_o some_o mountain_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 197_o 7_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o plain_a and_o convey_v superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n 198_o 8_o of_o the_o number_n of_o square_a mile_n contain_v in_o the_o earth_n 200_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n 1_o of_o the_o temperate_a and_o untemperate_a zone_n 204_o 2_o the_o tâ—rride_a zone_n be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o next_o be_v the_o two_o temperate_a the_o cold_a zone_n be_v the_o least_o of_o all_o 207_o 3_o the_o zone_n wherein_o any_o place_n be_v seat_v may_v be_v know_v either_o by_o the_o globe_n or_o geographical_a table_n or_o else_o by_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n 208_o 4_o the_o zone_n and_o climate_n agree_v in_o form_n but_o differ_v in_o greatness_n number_n and_o office_n 211_o 5_o the_o iâ—â—ention_n compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o be_v not_o all_o of_o the_o same_o greatness_n 212_o 6_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o climate_n ibid._n 7_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o climate_n 213_o 8_o of_o the_o diversity_n betwixt_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a geographer_n concern_v the_o place_n and_o number_n of_o the_o climate_n 214_o 9_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o parallel_n for_o each_o place_n 217_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o right_n oblique_a and_o parallel_n sphere_n with_o their_o property_n and_o distinction_n 220_o 2_o of_o the_o amphiâ—cij_n heteroâ—cij_fw-la &_o periscij_fw-la with_o their_o properperty_n 226_o 3_o of_o the_o perioecj_n antoeâ—j_n and_o antipode_n with_o their_o accident_n 228_o 4_o how_o the_o perioecj_n antecj_n and_o antipode_n be_v distinguish_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o celestial_a apparence_n 231_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n 1_o place_n enjoy_v the_o same_o longitude_n be_v not_o always_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o first_o meridian_n and_o contrariwise_o 235_o 2_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n beget_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n 235_o 3_o of_o the_o lose_n or_o get_v of_o a_o day_n in_o the_o whole_a year_n in_o a_o voyage_n about_o the_o earthly_a globe_n 236_o 4_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n 240_o 5_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o a_o clock_n watch_n or_o hourglass_n 242_o 6_o by_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o some_o know_a star_n to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n 243_o 7_o by_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n motion_n to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n 246_o 8_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n 247_o 9_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o latitude_n 249_o 10_o by_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o find_v out_o the_o latitude_n 249_o 11_o by_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o a_o know_a star_n to_o know_v the_o latitude_n 250_o 12_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o latitude_n on_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n 252_o 13_o of_o the_o magnetical_a expression_n of_o the_o latitude_n 252_o chap._n xii_o of_o distance_n of_o place_n compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o 1_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o distance_n in_o longitude_n of_o two_o place_n under_o the_o equatour_n in_o the_o same_o hemisphere_n 254_o 2_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o
and_o contrariwise_o from_o east_n to_o west_n the_o bound_n or_o limit_n of_o this_o longitude_n be_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n set_v no_o far_o distant_a than_o the_o half_a circle_n contain_v 180_o degree_n because_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earth_n lie_v at_o that_o time_n undiscovered_a the_o end_n of_o this_o space_n towards_o the_o east_n be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n at_o the_o far_a part_n of_o all_o india_n distant_a as_o we_o say_v from_o the_o fortunate_a land_n where_o ptolemy_n place_v the_o first_o meridian_n 180_o degree_n which_o be_v take_v in_o the_o meridian_n and_o resolve_v into_o miles_n according_a to_o our_o former_a rule_n will_v give_v 10800_o italian_a mile_n but_o this_o space_n delineate_v out_o by_o the_o ancient_n be_v very_o scant_o and_o narrow_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o part_n since_o found_v out_o be_v add_v to_o the_o former_a for_o beyond_o the_o bind_v set_v by_o ptolemy_n in_o the_o east_n it_o be_v manifest_v that_o 60_o degree_n be_v find_v out_o and_o make_v know_v a_o example_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o scythia_n without_o the_o mountain_n emaus_n which_o be_v know_v to_o extend_v itself_o 60_o degree_n eastward_o towards_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cathay_n discover_v by_o the_o portugal_n so_o that_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o earth_n eastward_o be_v full_o know_v so_o far_o as_o 240_o degree_n which_o be_v measure_v in_o the_o equatour_n will_v amount_v unto_o 14000_o mile_n moreover_o towards_o the_o west_n beyond_o the_o fortunate_a land_n it_o be_v know_v to_o stretch_v to_o the_o far_a border_n of_o america_n so_o that_o 340_o degree_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v full_o detect_v if_o not_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v only_o 20_o degree_n which_o be_v only_o deficient_a to_o make_v up_o the_o whole_a circle_n which_o we_o may_v the_o soon_o credit_v because_o our_o time_n have_v bring_v forth_o for_o aught_o any_o author_n have_v relate_v the_o most_o excellent_a navigator_n of_o all_o age_n which_o have_v sail_v the_o vast_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n round_o about_o and_o leave_v behind_o they_o a_o foundation_n whereon_o other_o may_v easy_o build_v but_o to_o let_v pass_v the_o general_n longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n betwixt_o the_o east_n and_o the_o west_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o longitude_n here_o mention_v be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o a_o more_o special_a sense_n for_o the_o distance_n of_o any_o place_n from_o the_o first_o meridian_n be_v place_v either_o in_o the_o canary_n as_o the_o ancient_n will_v have_v it_o or_o in_o one_o of_o the_o azore_n according_a to_o the_o latter_a geographer_n this_o than_o must_v be_v the_o bind_v from_o whence_o we_o must_v begin_v our_o account_n the_o subject_n wherein_o the_o number_n of_o degree_n may_v be_v take_v may_v be_v the_o equatour_n or_o parallel_n whence_o by_o some_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o equatour_n or_o parallel_n intercept_v betwixt_o the_o first_o meridian_n and_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o the_o place_n propose_v so_o that_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n such_o place_n as_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o meridian_n in_o the_o same_o hemisphere_n eastern_a or_o western_a have_v the_o same_o longitude_n which_o be_v the_o distance_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o west_n but_o place_n decline_v more_o towards_o the_o east_n have_v the_o great_a longitude_n but_o near_a to_o the_o west_n lesâ—e_n 1_o place_n enjoy_v the_o same_o longitude_n be_v not_o always_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o first_o meridian_n and_o contrariwise_o place_n equidistant_a from_o the_o first_o meridian_n have_v not_o always_o the_o same_o longitude_n the_o reason_n be_v evident_a out_o of_o that_o which_o have_v be_v often_o speak_v before_o because_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n be_v great_a of_o a_o lesser_a less_a according_a to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o circle_n now_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n measure_v in_o the_o equatour_n will_v answer_v to_o 60_o italian_a mile_n but_o in_o other_o parallel_n less_o 2_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n beget_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n those_o therefore_o which_o exact_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o same_o longitude_n have_v their_o noon_n at_o the_o same_o moment_n but_o where_o the_o longitude_n be_v different_a the_o noonetide_v be_v also_o different_a that_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n be_v vary_v according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n in_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o matter_n obvious_a to_o every_o man_n understanding_n out_o of_o two_o premise_a ground_n 1_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a 2_o that_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o diurnal_a course_n once_o in_o 24_o hour_n compass_v it_o round_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o place_n situate_v eastward_o see_v the_o sun_n soon_o than_o those_o which_o be_v place_v in_o the_o west_n and_o that_o with_o a_o proportional_a difference_n of_o time_n that_o to_o every_o hour_n in_o the_o sun_n motion_n be_v assign_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o correspondent_a mile_n which_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n express_v in_o a_o geographical_a globe_n or_o map_n wherein_o we_o shall_v find_v describe_v 12_o meridian_n which_o divide_v the_o whole_a compass_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n into_o 24_o equal_a part_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o betwixt_o each_o of_o the_o two_o near_o meridian_n be_v reckon_v 15_o degree_n which_o make_v one_o hour_n by_o which_o we_o may_v more_o easy_o understand_v how_o soon_o the_o noone-time_n happen_v in_o one_o city_n before_o another_o for_o if_o one_o city_n stand_v eastward_o from_o another_o the_o space_n of_o three_o of_o those_o foresay_a meridian_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o will_v enjoy_v noon_n three_o hour_n before_o the_o other_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o difference_n of_o time_n be_v the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n wherein_o to_o every_o hour_n the_o cosmographer_n have_v allot_v 15_o degree_n in_o the_o sun_n diurnal_a motion_n so_o that_o 15_o degree_n multiply_v by_o 24_o hour_n which_o be_v the_o whole_a natural_a day_n there_o will_v be_v produce_v 360_o which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o degree_n in_o the_o whole_a circle_n 3_o if_o two_o man_n from_o the_o same_o place_n travel_n the_o one_o eastward_o the_o other_o westward_o round_o about_o the_o earth_n and_o meet_v in_o the_o same_o place_n again_o they_o shall_v find_v that_o he_o which_o have_v go_v eastward_o have_v get_v and_o the_o other_o go_v westward_o have_v lose_v a_o day_n in_o their_o account_n this_o be_v without_o difficulty_n to_o be_v understand_v out_o of_o the_o change_n of_o longitude_n second_v by_o their_o travel_n vary_v perpetual_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o day_n for_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o he_o who_o from_o any_o place_n assign_v sail_v eastward_o move_v continual_o against_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v shorten_v somewhat_o of_o his_o day_n take_v away_o so_o much_o from_o it_o as_o his_o journey_n in_o proportion_n of_o distance_n have_v oppose_v and_o anticipate_v in_o the_o time_n the_o diurnal_a course_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o that_o daily_o gain_v something_o from_o the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n which_o must_v be_v elsewhere_o recompense_v it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o in_o the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o will_v amount_v to_o 24._o hour_n correspondent_a to_o the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o will_v make_v another_o day_n likewise_o if_o we_o suppose_v another_o in_o compass_v about_o the_o earth_n to_o go_v westward_o it_o can_v be_v otherwise_o imagine_v but_o that_o second_v the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o his_o own_o journey_n he_o will_v daily_o add_v somewhat_o to_o the_o length_n of_o his_o day_n answerable_a to_o his_o distance_n from_o the_o place_n wherein_o he_o begin_v to_o follow_v the_o sun_n in_o his_o course_n from_o east_n to_o west_n the_o daily_a addition_n to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n proportional_a to_o the_o longitude_n which_o he_o change_v the_o sun_n run_v a_o like_a course_n must_v daily_o diminish_v somewhat_o of_o the_o diurnal_a course_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o so_o at_o his_o journey_n end_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n answerable_a to_o 24._o hour_n in_o the_o sun_n course_n it_o will_v loose_v a_o whole_a day_n to_o demonstrate_v both_o these_o case_n we_o will_v imagine_v in_o supposition_n that_o of_o these_o two_o travailler_n go_v the_o one_o eastward_o the_o other_o westward_o the_o former_a shall_v take_v away_o from_o the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n or_o the_o latter_a add_v to_o it_o for_o every_o 15._o mile_n one_o minute_n then_o by_o the_o golden_a rule_n if_o 15._o mile_n either_o subtract_v or_o add_v one_o
geographie_n delineate_v forth_o in_o two_o book_n contain_v the_o spherical_a and_o topical_a part_n thereof_o by_o nathanael_n carpenter_n fellow_n of_o exeter_n college_n in_o oxford_n the_o second_o edition_n correct_v ecclesiast_n 1._o one_o generation_n come_v and_o another_o go_v but_o the_o earth_n remain_v for_o ever_o oxford_z print_v by_o john_n lichfield_n for_o henry_n cripps_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o henry_n curteyne_a anno_fw-la domini_fw-la m._n dc_o xxxv_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a william_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n lord_n chamberlaine_n to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n knight_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o chancellor_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n right_o honourable_a this_o poor_a infant_n of_o i_o which_o i_o now_o offer_v to_o your_o honourable_a acceptance_n be_v consecrate_v you_o in_o the_o first_o conception_n if_o the_o hasty_a desire_n i_o have_v to_o present_v it_o make_v it_o as_o a_o abortive_a brat_n seem_v unworthy_a my_o first_o wish_n and_o your_o favourable_a patronage_n impute_v it_o i_o beseech_v you_o not_o to_o self-will_a but_o duty_n which_o will_v rather_o show_v herself_o too_o officious_a then_o negligent_a what_o i_o now_o dedicate_v rather_o to_o your_o honour_n than_o my_o own_o ambition_n i_o desire_v no_o far_o to_o be_v account_v i_o than_o your_o generous_a approbation_n wish_v it_o no_o other_o fate_n then_o either_o to_o die_v with_o your_o dislike_n or_o live_v with_o your_o name_n and_o memory_n the_o general_a acclamation_n of_o the_o learned_a of_o this_o age_n acknowledge_v with_o all_o thankful_a duty_n as_o well_o your_o love_n to_o learning_n as_o zeal_n to_o religion_n have_v long_o since_o stamp_v i_o you_o this_o arrogant_a desire_n of_o i_o ground_v more_o on_o your_o heroic_a virtue_n than_o my_o private_a end_n promise_v i_o more_o in_o your_o honourable_a estimation_n than_o some_o other_o in_o your_o greatness_n the_o expression_n of_o myself_o in_o these_o faculty_n beside_o my_o profession_n indebt_v more_o to_o love_n than_o ability_n set_v my_o ambition_n a_o pinch_n high_o than_o my_o nature_n but_o such_o be_v the_o magnificent_a splendour_n of_o your_o countenance_n which_o may_v easy_o lend_v your_o poor_a servant_n so_o much_o light_n as_o to_o lead_v he_o out_o of_o darkness_n and_o as_o the_o sun_n reflect_v on_o the_o base_a earth_n at_o once_o both_o view_n and_o guild_v his_o imperfection_n my_o language_n and_o formality_n i_o owe_v not_o to_o the_o court_n but_o university_n whereof_o i_o can_v but_o expect_v your_o honour_n to_o be_v a_o impartial_a umpire_n be_v a_o most_o vigorous_a member_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o head_n of_o the_o other_o corporation_n if_o these_o fruit_n of_o my_o labour_n purchase_v so_o much_o as_o your_o honour_n least_o approbabation_n i_o shall_v hold_v my_o wish_n even_o accomplish_v in_o their_o end_n and_o desire_v only_a to_o be_v think_v so_o worthy_a in_o your_o honourable_a esteem_n as_o to_o live_v and_o die_v your_o honour_n in_o all_o duty_n and_o service_n to_o be_v command_v nathanael_n carpenter_n the_o analysis_n of_o the_o first_o book_n geography_n who_o object_n be_v the_o whole_a earth_n be_v either_o spherical_a which_o be_v twofold_a either_o primary_n which_o consider_v the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n either_o as_o it_o be_v natural_a wherein_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v two_o thing_n the_o principle_n whereof_o it_o consist_v to_o wit_n matter_n and_o form_n chapter_n 1._o propriety_n arise_v out_o of_o they_o which_o again_o be_v either_o real_a such_o as_o be_v assign_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o which_o be_v either_o elementary_a as_o the_o conformity_n of_o all_o the_o part_n concur_v to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o sphere_n chapter_n 2._o magnetical_a which_o be_v either_o partial_a as_o the_o coition_n direction_n variation_n declination_n chap._n 3._o totall_n as_o the_o verticity_n and_o revolution_n chap._n 4._o heaven_n wherein_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o site_n stability_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n chap._n 5._o imaginary_a such_o as_o be_v the_o circle_n and_o lineament_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o who_o invention_n and_o expression_n chap._n 6._o artificial_a in_o the_o artificial_a sphere_n represent_v the_o natural_a unto_o we_o which_o be_v either_o common_a or_o magnetical_a chap._n 7._o secondary_a which_o handle_v such_o matter_n in_o the_o sphere_n as_o secondary_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o first_o such_o be_v measure_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o diverse_a manner_n of_o invention_n chap._n 8._o distinction_n which_o be_v either_o space_n consider_v simple_o in_o themselves_o in_o which_o sort_n they_o be_v divide_v into_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n chap._n 9_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o suffer_v manifold_a distinction_n chap._n 10._o distance_n which_o be_v either_o simple_a wherein_o be_v consider_v the_o longitude_n &_o latitude_n of_o place_n chap._n 11._o comparative_a wherein_o two_o place_n differ_v either_o in_o longitude_n or_o latitude_n or_o both_o be_v consider_v chap._n 12._o topical_a libro_fw-la 2o._o of_o the_o special_a content_n of_o each_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o book_n according_a to_o the_o several_a theorem_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o matter_n and_o form_n 1_o in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v more_o earth_n than_o water_n pag._n 8_o 2_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n together_o make_v one_o sphere_n pag._n 10_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o conformity_n of_o part_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o the_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n do_v natural_o conform_v and_o dispose_v themselves_o as_o well_o to_o the_o production_n and_o generation_n as_o to_o the_o continuance_n and_o preservation_n of_o it_o pag._n 14_o 2_o all_o earthly_a body_n incline_v and_o approach_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v 16_o 3_o of_o two_o heavy_a body_n strive_v for_o the_o same_o place_n that_o always_o prevail_v which_o be_v heavy_a 22_o 4_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o earth_n enjoy_v the_o low_a place_n the_o next_o the_o water_n and_o the_o last_o the_o air_n ibid._n 5_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o a_o attractive_a but_o a_o mere_a respective_a point_n 25._o 6_o the_o same_o point_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o magnitude_n and_o weight_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 26_o 7_o every_o point_n or_o centre_n of_o a_o weighty_a body_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n by_o a_o right_a line_n 27_o 8_o a_o heavy_a point_n move_v towards_o the_o centre_n will_v move_v fast_o in_o the_o end_n then_o in_o the_o beginning_n 28_o 9_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o magnitude_n towards_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o mere_o natural_a but_o mix_v with_o a_o violent_a motion_n 29_o 10_o the_o line_n wherein_o the_o centre_n of_o two_o heavy_a body_n be_v move_v downeward_o be_v continue_v will_v meet_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n 31_o 11_o two_o heavy_a body_n of_o the_o same_o figure_n and_o matter_n whether_o equal_a or_o unequal_a will_v in_o a_o equal_a time_n move_v in_o a_o equal_a space_n 32_o 12_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v round_o and_o spherical_a 33_o 13_o the_o rugged_a and_o unequal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n hinder_v not_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o it_o 36_o 14_o the_o water_n concur_v with_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o globe_n be_v also_o spherical_a 38_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o partial_a magnetical_a affection_n in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v of_o a_o magnetical_a nature_n and_o disposition_n pag._n 46_o 2_o the_o magnetical_a motion_n be_v excite_v in_o a_o small_a and_o unperceivable_a difference_n of_o time_n 49_o 3_o the_o motive_n quality_n be_v spread_v spherical_o through_o every_o part_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n 49_o 4_o the_o motive_n quality_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n in_o other_o part_n so_o much_o the_o strong_a by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v situate_v near_o the_o pole_n 50_o 5_o magnetical_a body_n move_v not_o uncertain_o but_o have_v their_o motion_n direct_v and_o conform_v to_o certain_a bound_n 52_o 6_o the_o magnet_n communicate_v his_o virtue_n to_o iron_n or_o steel_n if_o it_o be_v touch_v with_o it_o 55_o 7_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n 56_o 8_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o loadstone_n turn_v to_o the_o north_n and_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n 57_o 9_o the_o contrary_a motion_n in_o magnet_n be_v the_o just_a confluxe_n and_o conformity_n of_o such_o body_n to_o magnetical_a union_n 59_o 10_o if_o any_o part_n southward_a of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v tear_v away_o or_o diminish_v so_o much_o
the_o magnet_n be_v not_o so_o exact_a as_o the_o astronomical_a for_o as_o much_o as_o few_o or_o no_o place_n be_v find_v wherein_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n admit_v not_o a_o variation_n from_o the_o true_a point_n of_o north_n and_o south_n nevertheless_o this_o way_n be_v very_o necessary_a to_o be_v know_v for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v see_v at_o least_o in_o such_o place_n and_o manner_n as_o may_v favour_v exactness_n of_o observation_n hence_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o particular_n what_o we_o observe_v before_o in_o general_a in_o our_o magnetical_a treatise_n that_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v not_o mere_a imaginary_a fiction_n or_o bare_a respect_n grow_v out_o of_o the_o application_n of_o celestial_a body_n as_o some_o have_v think_v they_o but_o ground_v on_o the_o magnetical_a disposition_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n 8_o beside_o the_o astronomical_a and_o magnetical_a invention_n of_o the_o meridian_n there_o be_v another_o way_n more_o popular_a but_o less_o exact_a which_o be_v without_o any_o observation_n of_o the_o heaven_n or_o the_o magnet_n operation_n of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o meridian_n circle_n the_o true_a and_o exact_a knowledge_n as_o we_o have_v show_v be_v indebt_v to_o heavenly_a observation_n or_o magnetical_a experiment_n nevertheless_o nature_n be_v not_o so_o barren_a but_o she_o have_v point_v out_o to_o a_o industrious_a observation_n some_o mark_n and_o footstep_n in_o other_o inferior_a body_n for_o the_o find_v out_o of_o this_o profitable_a circle_n which_o way_n howsoever_o of_o less_o account_n than_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o of_o less_o use_n be_v notwithstanding_o pleasant_a to_o understand_v because_o nothing_o delight_v more_o an_o ingenious_a mind_n than_o the_o contemplation_n of_o god_n work_v in_o and_o by_o his_o creature_n which_o man_n usual_o term_v nature_n to_o make_v a_o particular_a search_n into_o all_o planet_n stone_n metal_n and_o other_o such_o body_n be_v to_o go_v too_o far_o out_o of_o my_o way_n without_o a_o guide_n i_o will_v give_v one_o only_a instance_n of_o tree_n whereof_o i_o will_v insert_v this_o problem_n 1_o by_o the_o incision_n of_o a_o tree_n to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n to_o perform_v this_o problem_n let_v there_o be_v choose_v out_o some_o tree_n in_o a_o open_a free_a field_n far_o from_o wall_n or_o other_o obstacle_n in_o such_o a_o place_n as_o it_o have_v be_v on_o either_o side_n free_o enlighten_v and_o heat_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n let_v the_o trunk_n of_o this_o tree_n be_v very_o right_a and_o sound_a let_v this_o trunk_n be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o midst_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o section_n be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o underpart_n of_o the_o trunk_n be_v leave_v to_o stand_v in_o his_o former_a natural_a situation_n now_o the_o section_n on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v well_o plain_v will_v as_o in_o a_o plain_a discover_v diverse_a circle_n which_o be_v excentricke_a and_o not_o draw_v from_o the_o same_o centre_n but_o on_o the_o one_o side_n near_o together_o on_o the_o other_o further_o off_o that_o part_n than_o which_o show_v the_o circle_n thick_a and_o near_a together_o points_z out_o the_o north_n the_o other_o wherein_o the_o circle_n be_v wide_a and_o further_o off_o the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o design_v out_o the_o south-point_n betwixt_o both_o which_o if_o a_o right_a line_n be_v draw_v it_o will_v be_v the_o meridian_n for_o that_o place_n which_o experiment_n blanâ—anus_n as_o he_o write_v try_v in_o a_o plum-tree_n but_o give_v no_o reason_n for_o it_o the_o cause_n i_o take_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o extension_n and_o diffusion_n of_o the_o sap_n or_o moisture_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v more_o on_o the_o southside_n than_o the_o north-side_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o sun_n in_o our_o clime_n respect_v we_o on_o the_o south_n never_o on_o the_o north._n hence_o be_v it_o that_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o excrescence_n of_o the_o moisture_n be_v more_o rarify_v on_o the_o southside_n and_o therefore_o require_v a_o great_a place_n be_v find_v to_o be_v great_a 9_o have_v show_v the_o invention_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o distinction_n of_o these_o meridian_n circle_n a_o meridian_n therefore_o be_v term_v either_o first_o or_o common_a the_o distinction_n of_o meridian_n into_o first_o and_o common_a have_v no_o footstep_n in_o nature_n but_o be_v a_o mere_a arbitrary_a imposition_n of_o ancient_a cosmographer_n for_o no_o reason_n beside_o conveniency_n can_v be_v show_v why_o one_o meridian_n shall_v be_v call_v first_o rather_o than_o another_o yet_o can_v this_o distinction_n be_v want_v to_o a_o geographer_n for_o as_o much_o as_o some_o settle_a bound_n must_v be_v set_v from_o which_o to_o begin_v our_o account_n of_o longitude_n 10_o the_o first_o meridian_n be_v that_o from_o which_o we_o begin_v to_o number_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o west_n to_o the_o east_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o all_o the_o rest_n may_v be_v call_v common_a or_o less_o notable_a the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n among_o who_o ptolemy_n be_v the_o chief_a have_v set_v the_o first_o meridian_n in_o the_o fortunate_a land_n from_o whence_o they_o begin_v their_o account_n pass_v eastward_o through_o europe_n and_o africa_n and_o so_o through_o asia_n to_o the_o uttermost_a part_n of_o india_n until_o they_o return_v again_o to_o the_o first_o meridian_n pass_v through_o the_o fortunate_a land_n some_o have_v doubt_v whether_o these_o land_n call_v by_o ptolemy_n the_o fortunate_a land_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o canary_n because_o as_o our_o countryman_n mr_n hues_n have_v observe_v the_o latitude_n give_v by_o ptolemy_n to_o the_o fortunate_a land_n agree_v not_o exact_o to_o the_o canary_n but_o rather_o to_o the_o land_n of_o cape-verde_a notwithstanding_o this_o observation_n i_o rather_o stick_v to_o the_o common_a opinion_n think_v it_o no_o unlike_a matter_n that_o ptolemy_n dwell_v far_o eastward_o and_o trust_v to_o other_o man_n observation_n shall_v err_v in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o other_o matter_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o first_o meridian_n shall_v be_v place_v here_o rather_o than_o elsewhere_o be_v think_v by_o some_o to_o be_v because_o the_o ancient_n suppose_a two_o magnetical_a pole_n in_o the_o earth_n which_o shall_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n now_o because_o in_o the_o canary_n land_n be_v find_v no_o variation_n at_o all_o they_o think_v it_o to_o be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o magnetical_a and_o the_o true_a meridian_n shall_v concur_v as_o wherein_o be_v both_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o the_o loadstone_n which_o make_v they_o to_o make_v it_o the_o first_o meridian_n but_o this_o reason_n i_o take_v to_o be_v unlikely_a 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place_n whereunto_o the_o arabian_n come_v be_v a_o part_n of_o thessaly_n where_o such_o dwell_v who_o only_o cast_v their_o shadow_n one_o way_n to_o wit_n northward_o but_o arabia_n their_o natural_a country_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v include_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n where_o the_o shadow_n be_v say_v to_o be_v cast_v both_o way_n they_o be_v say_v to_o wonder_v the_o reason_n why_o our_o shadow_n at_o noon_n be_v cast_v always_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o south_n be_v relate_v before_o to_o be_v because_o the_o shadow_n do_v always_o occupy_v or_o possess_v the_o place_n opposite_a to_o the_o sun_n or_o light_a body_n 12_o the_o periscij_fw-la be_v such_o in_o habitant_n who_o shadow_n be_v move_v round_o about_o they_o in_o a_o circular_a form_n in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o noone-shaddowe_n take_v not_o their_o beginning_n from_o our_o head_n but_o of_o one_o side_n and_o be_v extend_v forward_o to_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o 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under_o the_o same_o meridian_n but_o in_o diverse_a parallel_n equal_o distant_a from_o the_o equatour_n 16_o the_o antipode_n be_v such_o as_o inhabit_v under_o one_o meridian_n but_o under_o two_o parallel_n equidistant_a from_o the_o equatour_n and_o two_o opposite_a point_n of_o those_o parallel_n a_o table_n of_o the_o climate_n belong_v to_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o inhabitant_n pag_n 229._o inhabitant_n belong_v to_o several_a climate_n clime_n parallel_n the_o long_a summer_n day_n how_o scr._n latitude_n &_o elevation_n of_o pole_n scr._n degr._fw-la the_o breadth_n of_o the_o climate_n deg._n scr_n the_o place_n by_o which_o the_o climate_n pass_v  _fw-fr 0_o 0_o 1_o 12_o 0_o 12_o 15_o 0_o 0_o 4_o 18_o 4_o 18_o the_o beginning_n from_o the_o aequatour_n  _fw-fr 1_o 2_o 3_o 122_o 30_o 1_o 45_o 8_o 34_o 12_o 43_o 8_o 25_o sinus_n arabicus_n or_o the_o red_a sea_n amphiscij_fw-la 2_o 4_o 5_o 13_o 0_o 13_o 15_o 16_o 43_o 20_o 33_o 7_o 50_o meroe_n a_o island_n of_o nilus_n in_o egypt_n  _fw-fr 3_o 6_o 7_o 13_o 40_o 13_o 45_o 23_o 10_o 27_o 36_o 7_o 3_o see_z a_o ciâ—ty_n in_o africa_n  _fw-fr 4_o 8_o 9_o 14_o 0_o 14_o 15_o 30_o 47_o 33_o 45_o 6_o 9_o alexandria_n in_o egypt_n  _fw-fr 5_o 10_o 11_o 14_o 30_o 14_o 45_o 36_o 30_o 39_o 2_o 5_o 17_o rhodes_n and_o babylon_n  _fw-fr 6_o 12_o 13_o 15_o 0_o 15_o 15_o 41_o 22_o 4â—_n 3â—_n 4_o 30_o rome_n and_o hellespont_n  _fw-fr 7_o 14_o 15_o 15_o 30_o 15_o 45_o 45_o 29_o 47_o 20_o 3_o 48_o venice_n and_o milan_n  _fw-fr 8_o 16_o 17_o 16_o 0_o 16_o 15_o 49_o 21_o 50_o 33_o 3_o 13_o podalia_n and_o â—he_v lesser_a tartary_n  _fw-fr 9_o 18_o 19_o 16_o 30_o 16_o 45_o 51_o 58_o 53_o 17_o 2_o 44_o batavia_n and_o witâ—enberge_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 20_o 17_o 0_o 17_o â—â—_o 54_o â—9_n 55_o â—4_n 2_o 17_o râ—stoch_n 11_o 22_o 23_o 17_o 30_o 17_o 45_o â—â—â—7_n 57_o 34_o 2_o 0_o ireland_n and_o moscovy_n jeteroscij_fw-la 12_o 24_o 25_o 18_o 0_o 18_o 15_o 58_o 26_o 59_o 14_o 1_o 40_o bohus_fw-la a_o castle_n in_o norwey_n  _fw-fr 13_o 26_o 27_o 18_o 30_o 18_o 45_o 59_o 59_o 60_o 40_o 1_o 26_o gothland_n  _fw-fr 14_o 28_o 29_o 19_o 0_o 19_o 15_o 61_o 18_o 61_o 53_o 1_o 13_o bergis_n in_o norwey_n  _fw-fr 15_o 30_o 31_o 19_o 30_o 19_o 45_o 62_o 25_o 62_o 54_o 1_o 0_o wiburge_n in_o finland_n  _fw-fr 16_o 32_o 33_o 20_o 0_o 20_o 15_o 63_o 22_o 63_o 46_o 0_o 52_o arotia_n in_o sweden_n  _fw-fr 17_o 34_o 35â—_n 20_o 30_o 20_o 45_o 64_o 6_o 64_o 30_o 0_o 44_o the_o mouth_n of_o darecally_a a_o river_n of_o sweden_n  _fw-fr 18_o 36_o 37_o 21_o 0_o 21_o 15_o 64_o 49_o 65_o 6_o 0_o 36_o diverse_a place_n of_o norwey_n  _fw-fr 19_o 38_o 39_o 21_o 30_o 21_o 45_o 65_o 21_o 65_o 35_o 0_o 29_o suecia_n alba_n russia_n  _fw-fr 20_o 40_o 41_o 22_o 0_o 22_o 15_o 65_o 47_o 65_o 57_o 0_o 22_o with_o many_o island_n  _fw-fr 21_o 42_o 43_o 22_o â—0_n 22_o 45_o 66_o 6_o 66_o 14_o 0_o 17_o thereunto_o adjoin_v  _fw-fr 22_o 44_o 45_o 23_o 0_o 23_o 15_o 66_o 20_o 66_o 25_o 0_o 11_o want_v special_a name_n  _fw-fr 23_o 46_o 47_o 23_o 30_o 23_o 45_o 66_o 28_o 66_o â—0_n 0_o 5_o and_o landmark_n  _fw-fr 24_o 48_o 24_o 0_o 66_o 31_o 0_o 0_o island_n under_o the_o antic_a circle_n  _fw-fr here_z the_o climate_n be_v account_v by_o the_o month_n from_o 66_o degr._fw-la menses_fw-la 1_o 67_o 15_o these_o climate_n be_v suppose_v to_o pass_v by_o diverse_a land_n within_o the_o arctic_a circle_n as_o these_o name_n be_v original_o greek_n be_v take_v from_o the_o diverse_a manner_n of_o dwell_v of_o one_o nation_n in_o respect_n of_o another_o the_o perioeci_n be_v call_v such_o as_o dwell_v as_o it_o be_v about_o the_o hemisphere_n in_o the_o same_o parallel_n in_o two_o opposite_a point_n the_o one_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o other_o be_v eastern_a the_o other_o western_a so_o that_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o differ_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o 180_o degree_n which_o be_v the_o semicircle_n where_o we_o be_v to_o note_v that_o these_o degree_n be_v to_o be_v number_v not_o in_o a_o great_a but_o a_o lesser_a parallel_n which_o be_v less_o than_o the_o equatour_n for_o they_o which_o be_v under_o the_o equator_fw-la itself_o in_o 2_o opposite_a point_n be_v to_o be_v account_v rather_o antipode_n although_o for_o aught_o i_o see_v the_o name_n may_v agree_v the_o antoeci_n as_o the_o name_n import_v be_v such_o as_o dwell_v one_o against_o another_o have_v one_o selfe-same_a meridian_n and_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o equatour_n the_o one_o in_o the_o northern_a the_o other_o in_o the_o southern_a hemisphere_n the_o antipode_n otherwise_o call_v antichthones_n may_v popular_o be_v describe_v to_o be_v such_o as_o dwell_v foot_n to_o foot_n one_o against_o the_o other_o so_o that_o a_o right_a line_n be_v draw_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o will_v pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n whence_o they_o precise_o be_v distant_a the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o 1800_o in_o a_o great_a circle_n wherein_o they_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o perioeci_n which_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o lesser_a circle_n such_o compare_v one_o to_o the_o other_o be_v the_o american_n and_o the_o eastern_a indian_n about_o the_o river_n ganges_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o peru_n and_o calecute_v those_o of_o peria_n &_o summatra_n to_o england_n i_o find_v no_o other_o antipode_n but_o the_o sea_n or_o at_o least_o some_o parcel_n of_o land_n in_o the_o south_n continent_n near_o psittacorum_n regio_n here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o former_a definition_n of_o antipode_n give_v by_o the_o ancient_n be_v only_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o know_v habitable_a
part_n of_o the_o earth_n because_o such_o as_o dwell_v direct_o under_o the_o equatour_n or_o either_o of_o the_o pole_n although_o they_o may_v be_v antipode_n agree_v not_o to_o that_o definition_n by_o reason_n the_o former_a be_v antipode_n only_o in_o opposite_a point_n of_o the_o equatour_n the_o other_o of_o the_o meridian_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o antipode_n or_o no_o be_v make_v a_o question_n among_o the_o ancient_n in_o so_o much_o that_o saint_n augustine_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la dei_fw-la and_o lactantius_n in_o his_o three_o book_n of_o institution_n seem_v stiff_o to_o defend_v the_o contrary_a which_o opinion_n be_v suppose_v to_o grow_v out_o of_o their_o contempt_n or_o neglect_n of_o mathematical_a study_n in_o those_o age_n wherein_o the_o zeal_n to_o religion_n be_v most_o unnecessary_o oppose_v to_o philosophy_n and_o the_o mistress_n forsake_v of_o her_o best_a handmaiden_n which_o ignorance_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v so_o far_o derive_v to_o posterity_n that_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o saviour_n 745_o one_o boniface_n bishop_n of_o man_n be_v accuse_v before_o the_o pope_n zachary_n virgilius_n bishop_n of_o salisburg_n for_o heresy_n in_o that_o he_o aver_v there_o be_v antipode_n the_o matter_n be_v first_o prefer_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o a_o appeal_v make_v unto_o the_o pope_n it_o happen_v that_o the_o honest_a bishop_n for_o this_o assertion_n be_v flat_o condemn_v for_o heretical_a doctrine_n and_o enforce_v to_o recant_v his_o opinion_n yet_o be_v it_o wonderful_a how_o such_o matter_n be_v thus_o decide_v for_o grant_v these_o two_o easy_a ground_n first_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a a_o proposition_n prove_v in_o their_o time_n 2_o that_o every_o place_n or_o at_o least_o two_o opposite_a place_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n may_v be_v habitable_a it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o such_o antipode_n must_v be_v grant_v which_o make_v i_o to_o imagine_v that_o saint_n augustine_n absolute_o and_o gross_o deny_v not_o the_o antipode_n because_o in_o set_v down_o the_o premise_n and_o ground_n of_o our_o opinion_n he_o seem_v to_o understand_v they_o too_o well_o to_o deny_v a_o necessary_a induction_n be_v a_o man_n of_o so_o great_a a_o wit_n and_o apprehension_n but_o questionless_a he_o think_v that_o the_o torrid_a zone_n which_o by_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_n in_o his_o time_n be_v repute_v unhabitable_a and_o unpassable_a no_o man_n have_v yet_o set_v his_o foot_n in_o those_o remote_a part_n beyond_o the_o line_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v in_o he_o not_o to_o arise_v out_o of_o ignorance_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n but_o out_o of_o the_o receive_v opinion_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o the_o vast_a ocean_n the_o one_o of_o which_o he_o hold_v unhabitable_a the_o other_o unpassable_a from_o whence_o also_o spring_v up_o a_o argument_n or_o rather_o a_o idle_a fancy_n that_o the_o antipode_n can_v not_o be_v admit_v without_o grant_v another_o saviour_n and_o another_o kind_n of_o man_n beside_o adam_n posterity_n for_o if_o this_o conjecture_n have_v not_o take_v place_n the_o pope_n i_o suppose_v will_v never_o have_v prove_v himself_o so_o ridiculous_a a_o judge_n as_o to_o have_v condemn_v virgilius_n for_o heresy_n as_o for_o lactantius_n howsoever_o otherwise_o a_o pious_a eloquent_a father_n the_o weakness_n and_o childishness_n of_o his_o argument_n will_v to_o any_o indifferent_a reader_n discover_v his_o ignorance_n in_o the_o very_a first_o rudiment_n of_o cosmographie_n here_o we_o may_v learn_v how_o far_o religion_n itself_o be_v wrong_v by_o such_o who_o set_v her_o opposite_a to_o all_o her_o servant_n but_o whatsoever_o the_o ancient_n out_o of_o their_o glimmer_a reason_n have_v conjecture_v our_o time_n have_v sufficient_o decide_v this_o controversy_n wherein_o such_o antipode_n be_v establish_v both_o by_o reason_n and_o experience_n which_o matâ—er_n we_o shall_v reserve_v to_o our_o second_o book_n wherein_o we_o shall_v declare_v how_o far_o and_o in_o what_o sense_n the_o earth_n may_v be_v term_v habitable_a 1_o those_o which_o be_v to_o we_o perioeci_n be_v the_o antoeci_n to_o our_o antipode_n our_o antoeci_n the_o periaeci_n to_o our_o antipode_n likewise_o our_o perioeci_n be_v the_o antipode_n to_o our_o antaeci_n this_o proposition_n as_o a_o corollary_n may_v by_o necessary_a consequence_n be_v deduce_v out_o of_o the_o precedent_a definition_n and_o be_v well_o express_v out_o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n and_o needs_o no_o far_a demonstration_n 2_o the_o perioeci_n antoeci_n and_o antipode_n be_v diverse_o distinguish_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o celestial_a apparence_n the_o propriety_n of_o the_o perioeci_n be_v chief_o four_o 1_o they_o have_v the_o same_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o temper_n of_o the_o year_n and_o the_o same_o length_n of_o day_n and_o night_n 2_o they_o dwell_v east_n and_o west_n in_o regard_n one_o of_o the_o other_o 3_o they_o have_v contrary_a time_n of_o day_n and_o night_n for_o when_o the_o one_o have_v his_o noon_n the_o other_o enjoy_v his_o midnight_n likewise_o when_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o one_o rise_v it_o set_v with_o the_o other_o 4_o they_o have_v the_o same_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n but_o differ_v by_o a_o semicircle_n to_o wit_n 180_o degree_n to_o the_o antoeci_n they_o have_v likewise_o assign_v 5_o propriety_n viz._n 1_o they_o inhabit_v the_o like_a zone_n but_o in_o diverse_a hemisphere_n 2_o they_o have_v the_o same_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n but_o not_o of_o the_o same_o pole_n because_o the_o one_o see_v the_o pole_n arctic_a the_o other_o the_o pole_n antarcticke_a equal_o raise_v above_o his_o horizon_n 3_o they_o have_v noon_n and_o midnight_n just_a at_o the_o same_o time_n 4_o they_o enjoy_v the_o same_o temper_n of_o the_o heaven_n 5_o they_o have_v the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n contrary_a for_o when_o the_o southern_a antoeci_n have_v their_o summer_n the_o northern_a have_v their_o winter_n and_o contrariwise_o when_o the_o northern_a have_v their_o spring_n these_o have_v their_o autumn_n to_o the_o antipode_n they_o have_v allot_v 3_o propriety_n 1_o that_o they_o have_v the_o same_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n though_o not_o of_o the_o same_o pole_n 2_o they_o have_v the_o same_o temper_n of_o the_o year_n and_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o day_n and_o night_n 3_o they_o have_v all_o the_o other_o accident_n contrary_a for_o when_o the_o one_o have_v night_n the_o other_o have_v day_n when_o one_o winter_n the_o other_o summer_n when_o the_o one_o the_o spring_n the_o other_o autumn_n and_o contrariwise_o these_o accident_n and_o propriety_n here_o mention_v must_v be_v understand_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n only_o the_o quality_n arise_v from_o diverse_a other_o accidental_a and_o particular_a cause_n in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o shall_v differre_fw-la unto_o our_o second_o part_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n 1_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n according_a to_o certain_a space_n be_v former_o explain_v we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o say_a sphere_n according_a to_o certain_a distance_n 2_o a_o distance_n here_o we_o understand_v to_o be_v a_o direct_a line_n draw_v betwixt_o two_o point_n in_o the_o earth_n such_o a_o distance_n be_v twofold_a either_o simple_a or_o comparative_a 3_o the_o simple_a distance_n be_v take_v from_o the_o two_o great_a circle_n to_o wit_v the_o meridian_n or_o the_o equatour_n which_o be_v either_o the_o longitude_n or_o latitude_n the_o division_n of_o distance_n into_o the_o simple_a or_o comparative_a be_v most_o necessary_a for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n for_o a_o place_n absolute_o take_v in_o itself_o to_o be_v distant_a from_o some_o fix_a point_n or_o other_o in_o the_o globe_n another_o for_o two_o place_n to_o be_v compare_v betwixt_o themselves_o in_o regard_n of_o such_o a_o fix_a point_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a imply_v only_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o two_o point_n the_o other_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o such_o point_n or_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o three_o these_o point_n from_o which_o such_o point_n be_v say_v to_o be_v distant_a be_v either_o find_v in_o the_o meridian_n circle_n from_o which_o the_o distance_n be_v call_v longitude_n or_o else_o in_o the_o equatour_n whence_o we_o call_v it_o latitude_n 4_o the_o longitude_n be_v the_o distance_n of_o any_o place_n eastward_o from_o the_o first_o meridian_n to_o understand_v the_o better_a the_o longitude_n we_o must_v consider_v that_o it_o may_v be_v take_v two_o way_n either_o general_o or_o special_o in_o the_o former_a sense_n it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n stretch_v from_o the_o west_n unto_o the_o east_n
expression_n and_o manner_n of_o description_n of_o region_n aswell_o in_o the_o find_n out_o the_o angle_n of_o position_n as_o translation_n of_o place_n former_o find_v out_o into_o the_o globe_n or_o chart._n chap._n 4._o special_a which_o contain_v the_o distinction_n of_o a_o place_n into_o sea_n who_o description_n be_v call_v hydrography_n in_o which_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o adjunct_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v either_o internal_a which_o be_v inbred_a in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o again_o be_v either_o absolute_a such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n without_o any_o comparison_n of_o it_o with_o the_o land_n here_o we_o observe_v in_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o figure_n and_o quality_n chap._n 5._o 2_o the_o motion_n natural_a and_o violent_a chap._n 6._o comparative_a which_o concern_v the_o depth_n situation_n and_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n chap._n 7._o external_a which_o concern_v sea-trafficke_n and_o merchandise_n chap._n 8._o land_n which_o we_o term_v pedography_n who_o accident_n be_v either_o natural_a which_o be_v again_o divide_v into_o perpetual_a such_o as_o ordinary_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n these_o again_o be_v either_o absolute_a wherein_o we_o have_v no_o respect_n unto_o the_o sea_n here_o we_o consider_v the_o nature_n 1_o of_o river_n fountain_n and_o lakeâ—_n chap._n 9_o 2_o of_o mountain_n vallieâ—_n and_o plaine-region_n woody_a and_o champion_n country_n chap._n 10._o comparative_a wherein_o we_o consider_v the_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o land_n chap._n 11._o casual_a which_o seldom_o fall_v out_o such_o as_o be_v inundation_n and_o earthquake_n chap._n 12._o civil_a which_o concern_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o any_o place_n in_o who_o we_o consider_v the_o original_a or_o offspring_n chap._n 13._o disposition_n which_o be_v vary_v either_o accorâ—â—â—â—_n 〈…〉_z 1_o site_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n chap._n 14._o 2_o soil_n chap._n 15._o geographie_n the_o second_o book_n chap._n i._o of_o topographie_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o former_a treatise_n by_o god_n assistance_n we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o spherical_a part_n of_o geography_n it_o will_v in_o the_o second_o place_n seem_v convenient_a to_o speak_v of_o the_o topical_a part_n of_o it_o 2_o the_o topical_a part_n teach_v the_o description_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o place_n the_o nature_n of_o topographie_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v in_o this_o second_o part_n be_v discover_v unto_o we_o not_o only_o in_o the_o name_n which_o promise_v a_o description_n of_o place_n but_o also_o in_o the_o difference_n set_v down_o by_o ptolemy_n himself_o betwixt_o the_o spherical_a and_o topical_a part_n the_o former_a of_o which_o he_o call_v geography_n and_o latter_a topographie_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v at_o large_a in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o our_o former_a book_n here_o only_o we_o will_v note_v this_o one_o distinction_n that_o tâ—â—ograhie_n may_v be_v tâ—ken_v either_o more_o general_o or_o special_o general_o we_o may_v take_v it_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o discover_v unto_o we_o either_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o all_o his_o part_n or_o at_o least_o some_o great_a and_o principal_a part_n such_o as_o be_v a_o empire_n region_n kingdom_n or_o such_o like_a more_o special_o and_o particular_o it_o have_v usual_o be_v take_v for_o the_o description_n of_o a_o very_a small_a place_n who_o situation_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v not_o note_v but_o of_o the_o part_v one_o to_o the_o other_o such_o as_o be_v city_n burrowes_n townes_n castle_n lake_n and_o river_n the_o former_a whereat_o we_o chief_o aim_v can_v well_o be_v perform_v without_o the_o use_n of_o the_o spherical_a part_n that_o latter_a we_o will_v more_o spare_o touch_v be_v a_o infinite_a task_n in_o the_o whole_a earth_n to_o descend_v to_o all_o particular_n which_o come_v in_o our_o way_n yet_o shall_v we_o not_o altogether_o omit_v or_o neglect_v such_o circumstance_n in_o their_o due_a place_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o we_o can_v leave_v the_o rest_n to_o such_o topographer_n who_o spend_v their_o stock_n in_o the_o description_n of_o some_o particular_a place_n or_o region_n whereof_o this_o our_o age_n have_v produce_v many_o deserve_a high_a commendation_n this_o science_n be_v ancient_o adorn_v by_o homer_n anâ—â—imander_n milesius_n haecataeus_fw-la democritus_n eudoxius_n dicaearchus_n euphorus_n as_o we_o find_v in_o straboes_n first_o book_n to_o which_o afterward_o succeed_v eratosthenes_n polybius_n possidonius_fw-la and_o diverse_a other_o which_o part_n require_v little_a or_o small_a knowledge_n in_o the_o science_n mathematical_a but_o challenge_v more_o affinity_n with_o the_o physical_a and_o political_a part_n of_o philosophy_n and_o therefore_o be_v more_o subject_n to_o popular_a understanding_n then_o the_o former_a and_o may_v without_o it_o afford_v some_o profit_n to_o the_o reader_n 3_o the_o topical_a part_n be_v either_o general_a or_o special_a the_o general_n be_v that_o which_o handle_v the_o general_a adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n 4_o a_o place_n be_v a_o superficial_a space_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n fit_v for_o habitation_n to_o the_o constitution_n of_o a_o place_n as_o it_o be_v here_o topographical_o take_v there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o concurrence_n of_o two_o thing_n which_o we_o may_v call_v matter_n and_o form_n the_o matter_n be_v the_o space_n contain_v or_o superficial_a platform_n of_o the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o dwell_v the_o form_n be_v the_o capability_n or_o aptness_n of_o it_o for_o habitation_n both_o which_o concur_v together_o be_v conceive_v to_o make_v a_o place_n such_o as_o we_o here_o topographical_o understand_v for_o here_o we_o understand_v not_o a_o place_n physical_o for_o the_o receptacle_n of_o a_o natural_a body_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o heaven_n and_o all_o the_o element_n be_v say_v to_o have_v their_o natural_a place_n neither_o yet_o geometrical_o for_o a_o plain_a whereon_o a_o line_n or_o figure_n may_v be_v draw_v but_o topographical_o for_o the_o upper_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n whereon_o people_n or_o other_o live_a creature_n may_v inhabit_v this_o place_n as_o appear_v by_o reason_n and_o holy_a scripture_n be_v more_o ancient_a than_o habitation_n for_o whereas_o in_o the_o first_o mass_n the_o earth_n be_v invelope_v with_o water_n on_o every_o side_n afford_v no_o place_n for_o dwell_v almighty_a god_n be_v say_v afterward_o to_o have_v separate_v and_o part_v the_o water_n from_o the_o dry_a land_n make_v the_o one_o a_o receptacle_n for_o fish_n and_o such_o creature_n of_o the_o deep_a the_o other_o for_o a_o dwell_a place_n for_o mankind_n and_o such_o creature_n as_o breath_n upon_o the_o land_n yet_o have_v he_o so_o provide_v in_o his_o divine_a wisdom_n that_o neither_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o land_n can_v well_o want_v the_o sea_n nor_o the_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o sea_n want_v the_o land_n the_o one_o appear_v in_o that_o we_o be_v enforce_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o only_o for_o â—ood_a and_o nourishment_n whereof_o a_o great_a part_n consist_v of_o fish_n but_o also_o for_o our_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n with_o foreign_a nation_n which_o be_v better_o effect_v by_o sea_n then_o land-voyage_n the_o latter_a be_v as_o easy_o show_v in_o that_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o sea_n derive_v not_o only_o their_o composition_n but_o also_o their_o proper_a nourishment_n from_o the_o land_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v more_o occasion_n to_o speak_v hereafter_o now_o we_o be_v moreover_o to_o consider_v that_o a_o place_n may_v be_v take_v in_o a_o double_a sense_n first_o more_o large_o for_o any_o place_n wherein_o a_o creature_n may_v live_v for_o long_a or_o short_a time_n second_o more_o strict_o for_o such_o a_o space_n of_o earth_n whereon_o mankind_n may_v convenient_o reside_v or_o dwell_v the_o former_a comprehend_v not_o only_o the_o land_n but_o also_o the_o water_n for_o experience_n show_v that_o man_n in_o ship_n may_v for_o a_o time_n reside_v and_o dwell_v on_o the_o back_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n but_o the_o latter_a betoken_v a_o continuance_n of_o habitation_n be_v only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o land_n which_o sense_n howbeit_o it_o be_v more_o consonant_n to_o the_o common_a use_n of_o speech_n yet_o for_o method_n sake_n we_o be_v enforce_v to_o use_v the_o former_a understand_v by_o habitation_n not_o only_o a_o place_n of_o convenient_a residence_n but_o any_o other_o whereon_o a_o creature_n for_o a_o time_n may_v breathe_v and_o live_v 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v everywhere_o habitable_a it_o be_v a_o ancient_a opinion_n as_o we_o have_v former_o touch_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o everywhere_o habitable_a namely_o in_o the_o intemperate_a zone_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o earth_n
holy_a scripture_n and_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a â—hat_n many_o of_o those_o 〈◊〉_d people_n fetch_v their_o first_o original_n from_o they_o the_o second_a cause_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o industry_n and_o labour_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o tillage_n and_o manure_v of_o the_o ground_n wherein_o the_o southern_a inhabitant_n have_v be_v more_o deficient_a foâ—_n it_o be_v certain_a out_o of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n that_o noah_n ark_n wherein_o be_v thâ—_n seminary_n of_o mankind_n and_o almost_o all_o other_o liuâ—â—g_v 〈◊〉_d rest_v in_o â—he_n northern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n whence_o both_o man_n and_o beast_n begin_v to_o be_v propagate_v towards_o the_o southâ—punc_fw-la no_o far_o than_o necessity_n enforce_v the_o region_n inhabit_v gâ—â—wing_v daily_o more_o and_o more_o populous_a and_o as_o iâ—_n be_v groan_v to_o be_v deliver_v oâ—_n some_o of_o her_o child_n hence_o may_v be_v infer_v too_o consecâ—aries_n first_o that_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n be_v 〈◊〉_d soon_o and_o be_v now_o therefore_o â—ore_o populous_a than_o the_o southern_a second_o that_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a man_n which_o be_v best_a seat_v rathâ—r_n choose_v to_o keep_v their_o ancient_a habitation_n send_v such_o abroad_o who_o can_v either_o be_v best_a spare_v or_o have_v the_o small_a possession_n at_o home_n yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v but_o they_o retain_v with_o they_o a_o sufficient_a company_n and_o more_o than_o go_v away_o out_o of_o which_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o northern_a half_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v best_o inhabit_v shall_v be_v best_o manure_v and_o culture_v from_o whence_o the_o ground_n must_v in_o time_n prove_v more_o fruitful_a and_o commodious_a for_o habitation_n for_o as_o a_o fruitful_a country_n for_o want_n of_o the_o due_a manure_a and_o tillage_n do_v degenerate_a and_o wax_v barren_a so_o diverse_a barren_a and_o sterile_a country_n have_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v bring_v to_o fertility_n and_o make_v capable_a of_o many_o good_a commodity_n necessary_a for_o man_n life_n if_o i_o be_v curious_a to_o draw_v argument_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o heaven_n i_o can_v allege_v the_o greatness_n and_o multitude_n of_o star_n of_o the_o great_a magnitude_n in_o our_o northern_a hemisphere_n wherein_o the_o southern_a be_v deficient_a as_o also_o the_o long_o sojourn_v of_o the_o sun_n in_o our_o northern_a hemisphere_n but_o these_o as_o uncertain_a cause_n i_o pass_v over_o other_o reason_n may_v perchance_o be_v find_v out_o by_o those_o who_o be_v inquisitive_a into_o the_o secret_n of_o nature_n to_o who_o i_o leave_v the_o more_o exact_a search_n of_o these_o matter_n 4_o either_o hemisphere_n consist_v of_o 90_o degree_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n each_o of_o they_o contain_v 30_o degree_n 5_o of_o these_o part_n 30_o we_o allot_v for_o heat_n 30_o for_o cold_a and_o 30_o for_o temperature_n whereof_o the_o former_a lie_v towards_o the_o equatour_n the_o second_o towards_o the_o pole_n the_o three_o betwixt_o both_o the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o our_o former_a treatise_n divide_v the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o five_o zone_n which_o they_o suppose_v have_v also_o proportional_o divide_v the_o temper_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o heat_n and_o cold_a shall_v in_o rease_n or_o diminish_v which_o rule_n of_o they_o have_v be_v very_o certain_a be_v there_o no_o other_o cause_n concurrent_a in_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o air_n but_o only_o the_o heaven_n but_o since_o that_o many_o other_o concurrent_a cause_n as_o we_o have_v show_v mix_v themselves_o with_o these_o celestial_a operation_n and_o the_o experiment_n of_o navigatour_n have_v find_v out_o a_o disproportion_n in_o the_o quality_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o distance_n some_o late_a writer_n have_v seek_v out_o a_o new_a pertition_n more_o consonant_a to_o natural_a experience_n the_o whole_a latitude_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n consist_v of_o 90_o degree_n from_o the_o equatour_n to_o the_o pole_n they_o have_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n allow_v 30_o degree_n towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o heat_n 30_o degree_n towards_o the_o pole_n to_o cold_a and_o the_o other_o 30_o degree_n lie_v betwixt_o both_o to_o temperature_n these_o 30_o degree_n for_o imagination_n sake_n they_o have_v subdivide_v again_o each_o of_o they_o into_o two_o part_n contain_v 15_o degree_n a_o piece_n more_o particular_o to_o design_n out_o the_o special_a disposition_n of_o each_o region_n lie_v either_o northward_o or_o southward_o from_o the_o equatour_n which_o be_v the_o bind_v betwixt_o both_o hemisphere_n in_o the_o first_o section_n of_o 30_o degree_n lie_v northward_o from_o the_o equatour_n we_o comprehend_v in_o africa_n numidia_n nigritarum_fw-la regio_fw-la lybia_n guinia_n nubia_n egypt_n ethiopia_n superior_a in_o asia_n arabia_n india_n insulae_fw-la philippinae_fw-la in_o america_n nova_fw-la hispania_n hispaniola_n cuba_n with_o other_o part_n of_o america_n mexicana_n in_o the_o other_o extreme_a section_n from_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n to_o the_o pole_n we_o comprehend_v in_o europe_n groenland_n island_n friesland_n norwey_n suethland_n for_o the_o most_o part_n nova_fw-la zembla_n in_o asia_n a_o great_a part_n of_o scythia_n orientalis_n in_o america_n anian_n quivira_n with_o diverse_a other_o part_n of_o the_o north_n of_o america_n mexicana_n in_o the_o middle_n betwixt_o both_o betwixt_o 30_o and_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n we_o comprehend_v in_o africa_n barbary_n in_o europe_n all_o the_o kingdom_n except_o those_o north_n province_n before_o name_v and_o almost_o all_o asia_n except_o some_o place_n towards_o the_o south_n as_o arabia_n india_n and_o the_o philippinae_fw-la insulae_fw-la former_o place_v in_o the_o first_o section_n in_o like_a manner_n may_v we_o divide_v the_o southern_a hemisphere_n into_o three_o section_n in_o the_o first_o from_o the_o equatour_n 30_o degree_n we_o place_v in_o africa_n congo_n monomotapa_n madagascar_n in_o the_o southern_a tract_n beach_n and_o nova_fw-la guinia_n with_o many_o land_n thereunto_o adjoin_v as_o many_o of_o the_o philippinae_fw-la insulae_fw-la with_o insulae_fw-la solomonis_fw-la in_o america_n peru_n tisnada_n brasilia_n with_o the_o most_o part_n of_o that_o region_n which_o they_o call_v america_n peruana_n in_o the_o other_o extreme_a section_n from_o 60_o degree_n to_o the_o antarctike_a pole_n be_v couch_v the_o most_o part_n of_o that_o great_a land_n scarce_o yet_o discover_v call_v terra_fw-la australis_fw-la incognita_fw-la in_o the_o middle_a region_n betwixt_o both_o from_o 30_o to_o 60_o degree_n shall_v we_o find_v place_v in_o america_n the_o region_n of_o the_o pantagones_n in_o the_o southern_a continent_n maletur_fw-la javaminor_fw-la with_o many_o other_o in_o discover_v the_o quality_n of_o these_o several_a section_n or_o partition_n of_o the_o earth_n our_o chief_a discourse_n must_v be_v address_v to_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n as_o that_o be_v more_o discover_v and_o know_v among_o old_a and_o new_a writer_n by_o which_o according_a to_o the_o former_a proposition_n one_o may_v parallel_v the_o other_o concern_v which_o we_o will_v infer_v these_o proposition_n 1_o in_o the_o first_o section_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n the_o first_o 15_o degree_n from_o the_o equatour_n be_v find_v somewhat_o temperate_a the_o other_o 15_o about_o the_o tropic_n exceed_v hot._n that_o the_o region_n lie_v under_o the_o equatour_n be_v temperate_o hot_a contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n almost_o of_o all_o the_o ancient_n have_v be_v in_o part_n prove_v heretofore_o as_o well_o by_o reason_n as_o experiment_n for_o that_o all_o place_n by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o they_o approach_v the_o equatour_n by_o so_o much_o more_o shall_v be_v hot_a as_o some_o imagine_v diverse_a instance_n will_v contradict_v it_o be_v report_v by_o aluarez_n that_o the_o abyssine_a ambassador_n arrive_v at_o lisbon_n in_o portugal_n be_v there_o almost_o choke_v with_o extreme_a heat_n also_o pâ—rguer_n the_o german_n relate_v that_o he_o have_v feel_v the_o weather_n more_o hot_a about_o dantzicke_n and_o the_o baltic_a sea_n then_o at_o tholouse_n in_o a_o â—eruent_a summer_n the_o cause_n which_o we_o have_v before_o touch_v be_v chief_o two_o the_o first_o be_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v high_a in_o this_o orb_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o under_o the_o equatour_n and_o move_v more_o swift_o from_o they_o spend_v on_o they_o only_o twelve_o hour_n whence_o so_o great_a a_o impression_n of_o heat_n can_v be_v make_v as_o in_o other_o place_n for_o heat_n be_v a_o material_a quality_n must_v necessary_o require_v some_o latitude_n of_o time_n to_o be_v impress_v into_o the_o air_n or_o any_o other_o subject_n from_o the_o diminution_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o region_n must_v the_o air_n need_v receive_v into_o
but_o also_o themselves_o practise_v such_o commerce_n as_o well_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n as_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o particular_a estate_n two_o memorable_a example_n we_o have_v in_o henry_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n and_o laurence_n de_fw-fr medici_n duke_n of_o florence_n whereof_o the_o former_a give_v many_o and_o large_a privilege_n to_o all_o the_o hance_n town_n in_o his_o kingdom_n which_o be_v in_o number_n about_o 27_o the_o other_o himself_o for_o his_o own_o private_a commodity_n exercise_v the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n yet_o be_v this_o man_n most_o ingenious_a and_o a_o great_a lover_n of_o learned_a men._n chap._n ix_o of_o pedography_n rivers_n lake_n and_o fountain_n in_o the_o earth_n 1_o we_o have_v former_o treat_v of_o hydrographie_n or_o the_o description_n of_o the_o water_n now_o be_v we_o by_o god_n assistance_n to_o proceed_v on_o to_o pedographie_n which_o be_v a_o description_n of_o the_o firm_a earth_n or_o dry-land_n 2_o the_o land_n be_v a_o space_n contain_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o earth_n distinguish_v from_o the_o water_n the_o earth_n in_o this_o place_n be_v not_o take_v as_o in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o geography_n for_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a sphere_n compose_v of_o earth_n and_o water_n neither_o yet_o as_o it_o be_v usual_o take_v in_o natural_a philosophy_n for_o a_o absolute_a elementary_a body_n who_o cause_n and_o affection_n be_v to_o be_v search_v out_o but_o topographical_o for_o a_o place_n or_o habitable_a space_n on_o the_o dry-land_n this_o dry-land_n distinguish_v from_o the_o water_n by_o its_o firmness_n and_o constancy_n be_v noâ—_n subject_a as_o the_o water_n to_o motion_n and_o inconstancy_n be_v therefore_o if_o we_o believe_v the_o poet_n call_v vestâ—_n according_a to_o that_o verse_n stat_n viterra_fw-la suâ_fw-la vi_fw-la stando_fw-la vesta_n voco_fw-la neither_o want_v this_o fable_n of_o vesta_n a_o sufficient_a moral_n first_o because_o vesta_n be_v feign_a to_o be_v a_o keeper_n and_o protector_n of_o their_o house_n which_o may_v very_o well_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o not_o only_o sustain_v and_o bear_v up_o all_o building_n and_o house_n but_o also_o afford_v all_o commodity_n and_o fruit_n wherewith_o household_n be_v maintain_v second_o vesta_n be_v feign_v to_o be_v the_o goddess_n to_o who_o the_o first_o fruit_n be_v offer_v in_o sacrifice_n which_o may_v well_o square_a with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o which_o all_o fruit_n be_v original_o derive_v and_o therefore_o as_o it_o be_v of_o due_a ought_v all_o first_o fruit_n to_o be_v consecrate_v to_o her_o altar_n two_o other_o parallel_n betwixt_o the_o goddess_n vesta_n be_v add_v by_o natalis_n come_v first_o because_o plutarch_n show_v in_o his_o symposiack_n that_o the_o table_n of_o the_o ancient_n dedicate_v to_o vesta_n be_v make_v round_o in_o form_n and_o fashion_n of_o the_o earth_n second_o because_o the_o seat_n of_o vesta_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v in_o the_o liquid_a air_n immovable_a and_o not_o subject_a to_o motion_n which_o well_o agree_v with_o the_o common_a conceive_a opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o these_o two_o rather_o express_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a sphere_n then_o of_o the_o land_n divide_v from_o the_o water_n this_o description_n of_o the_o dry-land_n separate_v from_o the_o water_n we_o have_v term_v pedographieâ—_n because_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d common_o derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o foot_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o firm_a place_n whereon_o man_n may_v have_v sure_a foot_n to_o which_o be_v consonant_a the_o hebrew_n word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o seem_v most_o probable_o derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o terere_fw-la to_o wear_v out_o or_o waste_v because_o the_o earth_n be_v daily_o tread_v and_o wear_v with_o our_o foot_n the_o propriety_n of_o the_o earth_n appertain_v to_o a_o cosmographer_n be_v many_o and_o various_a wherefore_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n we_o have_v divide_v they_o into_o these_o head_n 3_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o land_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o civil_a the_o natural_a be_v such_o as_o be_v in_o breed_v in_o the_o earth_n 4_o the_o natural_a may_v be_v again_o divide_v into_o perpetual_a or_o casual_a perpetual_a be_v such_o as_o always_o or_o most_o ordinary_o continue_v the_o same_o 5_o the_o perpetual_a propriety_n be_v again_o twofold_a either_o absolute_a or_o comparative_a the_o absolute_a i_o call_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o land_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o sea_n 6_o of_o the_o former_a sort_n be_v such_o as_o belong_v to_o the_o figurature_n of_o the_o soil_n wherein_o three_o thing_n be_v most_o remarkable_a 1_o river_n fountain_n and_o lake_n 2_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n 3_o wood_n and_o champion_n country_n 7_o a_o river_n be_v a_o perpetual_a course_n of_o water_n from_o a_o certain_a head_n or_o fountain_n run_v from_o a_o high_a to_o a_o low_a place_n on_o the_o earth_n river_n be_v by_o some_o geographer_n more_o curious_o distinguish_v into_o 2_o sort_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v settle_v or_o stay_v river_n which_o slide_v away_o with_o a_o more_o equal_a and_o uniform_a course_n the_o late_a be_v call_v torrent_n or_o stickle_a water_n which_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o far_o great_a violence_n in_o a_o river_n three_o thing_n be_v chief_o remarkable_a first_o the_o fountain_n or_o spring_n second_o whirlpool_n three_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o the_o spring_n be_v the_o place_n where_o at_o first_o the_o water_n sensible_o break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n as_o nilus_n in_o africa_n be_v think_v to_o have_v his_o first_o head_n at_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n a_o whirlpool_n be_v a_o place_n in_o a_o river_n where_o the_o water_n fall_v into_o a_o deep_a trench_n be_v whirl_v &_o teurn_v round_a the_o mouth_n be_v the_o place_n where_o any_o river_n find_v a_o passage_n our_o either_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o into_o another_o great_a river_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v term_v ostium_fw-la or_o a_o gate_n whence_o they_o call_v septem_fw-la ostia_fw-la nili_n which_o be_v seven_o mouth_n by_o which_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o mediterranean_a this_o give_v the_o name_n to_o many_o city_n and_o town_n in_o england_n as_o plymouth_n darâ—mouth_n portsmouth_n axmouth_n with_o many_o other_o now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o water_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a and_o therefore_o covet_v the_o low_a place_n the_o course_n of_o all_o river_n must_v needs_o be_v from_o a_o high_a to_o a_o low_a place_n whence_o we_o may_v guess_v the_o height_n of_o land_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o for_o every_o mile_n wherein_o the_o water_n glide_v forward_o on_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v make_v a_o allowance_n of_o 2_o foot_n at_o least_o in_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o ground_n for_o although_o water_n will_v slide_v away_o at_o any_o inequality_n yet_o can_v not_o the_o water_n be_v wholesome_a and_o retain_v any_o reasonable_a swiftness_n of_o motion_n without_o this_o allowance_n hence_o we_o may_v probable_o find_v out_o the_o huge_a height_n of_o the_o alps_n about_o all_o the_o place_n in_o europe_n because_o out_o of_o they_o spring_v four_o great_a river_n which_o run_v four_o way_n whereof_o the_o two_o great_a be_v the_o danow_n which_o receive_v into_o it_o 60_o navigable_a river_n and_o so_o disburthen_n itself_o into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n far_o remote_a and_o the_o rhine_n of_o lake_n and_o river_n many_o memorable_a matter_n may_v be_v speak_v all_o which_o we_o will_v reduce_v to_o these_o head_n 1_o their_o generation_n and_o first_o original_a 2_o their_o appearance_n 3_o their_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n 4_o their_o virtue_n and_o effect_n all_o which_o we_o will_v comprehend_v in_o these_o theorem_n follow_v 1_o all_o river_n have_v their_o first_o original_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o mother_n of_o rivers_n the_o original_n of_o fountain_n and_o river_n on_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a difficulty_n and_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v not_o yet_o find_v out_o of_o our_o great_a philosopher_n yet_o be_v willing_a to_o go_v as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v glance_v at_o probability_n and_o first_o set_v down_o other_o man_n opinion_n some_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v hide_v certain_a vast_a concavity_n and_o cavern_n which_o receive_v into_o they_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o rainwater_n have_v give_v original_a to_o lake_n and_o fountain_n hence_o they_o give_v the_o reason_n why_o these_o fountain_n be_v perpetual_a because_o the_o rainwater_n receive_v into_o these_o cavern_n be_v extraordinary_a great_a be_v sufficient_a to_o nourish_v such_o spring_n of_o water_n until_o the_o