Selected quad for the lemma: earth_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
earth_n	ancient_n	great_a	zone_n	22	3	11.6654	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A44885	A learned treatise of globes, both cœlestiall and terrestriall with their several uses / written first in Latine, by Mr. Robert Hues, and by him so published ; afterward illustrated with notes by Jo. Isa. Pontanus ; and now lastly made English ... by John Chilmead ...; Tractatus de globis et eorum usu. English	Hues, Robert, 1553-1632.; Chilmead, Edmund, 1610-1654.; Pontanus, Johannes Isacius, 1571-1639.; Molyneux, Emery.	1659 (1659)	Wing H3298; ESTC R1097	145,949	311

betwixt_o syene_n and_o alexandria_n be_v common_o set_v down_o by_o eratosthenes_n pliny_n and_o strabo_n to_o be_v 5000._o furlong_n if_o therefore_o 5000._o be_v multiply_v by_o 50._o the_o whole_a will_v arise_v to_o 250000._o which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o furlong_n 〈◊〉_d to_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n by_o eratosthenes_n posidonius_n proceed_v after_o another_o method_n though_o not_o unlike_o this_o labour_v to_o prove_v the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o contain_v 240000._o furlong_n and_o first_o he_o take_v for_o grant_v which_o be_v also_o acknowledge_v by_o ptolemy_n lib._n 5._o c●…p_n 3._o almage_a that_o rhodes_n and_o alexandria_n be_v situate_a under_o the_o same_o meridian_n now_o that_o bright_a star_n in_o the_o stern_a of_o argo_n which_o they_o call_v canobus_n and_o which_o never_o appear_v in_o greece_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o aratus_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o it_o first_o begin_v to_o appear_v above_o the_o horizon_n at_o rhodes_n but_o it_o do_v but_o stringere_fw-la horizontem_fw-la just_a touch_n the_o horizon_n and_o so_o upon_o the_o least_o circumvolution_n of_o the_o heaven_n set_v again_o or_o else_o as_o proclus_n say_v be_v very_o hardly_o see_v unless_o it_o be_v from_o some_o eminent_a place_n but_o when_o you_o be_v at_o alexandria_n you_o may_v see_v it_o very_o clear_a above_o the_o horizon_n for_o when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n that_o be_v at_o the_o high_a elevation_n above_o the_o horizon_n it_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n about_o the_o four_o part_n of_o 〈◊〉_d sign_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o fortieeighth_n part_n of_o the_o meridian_n that_o pass_v through_o rhodes_n and_o alexandria_n the_o same_o be_v affirm_v alo_n by_o proclus_n if_o you_o read_v he_o thus_o canobus_n in_o alexandria_n consp●…euè_fw-fr cerni_fw-la quar●…a_fw-la 〈◊〉_d signi_fw-la portione_fw-la supra_fw-la horizontem_fw-la 〈◊〉_d as_o i●…_n ought_v to_o be_v and_o not_o as_o it_o be_v corrupt_o read_v in_o alexandria_n prorsus_fw-la non_fw-la cerni_fw-la it_o be_v not_o see_v at_o all_o in_o stead_n of_o it_o be_v see_v very_o plain_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v creep_v into_o the_o text_n perhaps_o in_o stead_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d now_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o rhodes_n and_o alexandria_n be_v set_v down_o both_o by_o he_o and_o pliny_n to_o be_v 5000._o furlong_n which_o be_v multiply_v by_o forty_o eight_o the_o product_n will_v be_v 240000._o the_o number_n of_o furlong_n agree_v to_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n circumterence_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o posidonius_n ptolemy_n every_o where_o in_o his_o geography_n as_o also_o marinus_n tyrius_n before_o he_o have_v allow_v but_o 500_o furlong_n to_o a_o degree_n in_o the_o great_a circle_n on_o the_o earth_n of_o which_o the_o whole_a circumference_n contain_v 360_o 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o wh●…le_a compass_n of_o the_o earth_n after_o this_o account_n con●…aineth_v 180000._o furlong_n and_o yet_o strabo_n affirm_v in_o his_o lib._n 2._o geograph_n that_o this_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n circumference_n set_v down_o by_o ptolemy_n be_v both_o receiu●…d_n by_o the_o ancient_n and_o also_o approve_v by_o posidonius_n himself_o so_o great_a be_v the_o difference_n of_o opinion_n concern_v the_o compass_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o yet_o be_v every_o one_o of_o these_o opinion_n ground_v on_o the_o authority_n of_o great_a man_n in_o this_o so_o great_a diversity_n therefore_o it_o be_v doubtful_a who_o we_o shall_v follow_v and_o if_o you_o shall_v desire_v to_o know_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o these_o dissension_n even_o that_o also_o be_v altogether_o as_o uncertain_a nonius_n and_o peucerus_n will_v persuade_v we_o that_o certain_o the_o furlong_n they_o use_v be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o quantity_n maurolycus_n and_o philander_n conceive_v the_o difference_n of_o furlong_n to_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o diverse_a measure_n of_o pase_n and_o therefore_o maurolycus_n take_v great_a pain_n to_o reconcile_v they_o but_o in_o vain_a for_o they_o seem_v not_o capable_a of_o any_o reconcilement_n they_o t●…ll_v we_o of_o divers_a kind_n of_o pase_n in_o use_n among_o the_o ancient_n it_o be_v true_a we_o assent_v to_o they_o herein_o but_o withal_o desire_v to_o hear_v of_o some_o diversity_n of_o furlong_n also_o or_o at_o least_o of_o foot_n the_o greek_n as_o i_o conceive_v measure_v not_o their_o furlong_n by_o pase_n but_o by_o foot_n or_o rather_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d now_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o extension_n of_o both_o the_o hand_n together_o with_o the_o breast_n betwixt_o contain_v six_o foot_n which_o we_o common_o call_v a_o fathom_n and_o be_v a_o measure_n in_o familiar_a use_n with_o our_o mariner_n in_o sound_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o other_o water_n this_o word_n notwithstanding_o be_v translate_v by_o many_o a_o pace_n but_o how_o right_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o learned_a man_n to_o judge_v xylander_n in_o his_o translation_n of_o strabo_n always_o render_v it_o a_o ell._n in_o like_a manner_n a_o furlong_n be_v define_v by_o herodotus_n a_o very_a ancient_a greek_a author_n to_o consist_v of_o 600._o foot_n the_o same_o also_o be_v affirm_v by_o suidas_n by_o much_o late_a than_o he_o yet_o hero_n mechanicus_fw-la or_o at_o least_o his_o scholiast_n one_o as_o i_o conceive_v of_o the_o low_a rank_n of_o ancient_a writer_n will_n have_v a_o surlong_n to_o contain_v 100_o fathom_n a_o fadam_fw-la four_o cubit_n a_o cubi_n a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a or_o twenty_o four_o digit_n but_o you_o will_v say_v perhaps_o that_o censorinus_n propose_v three_o several_a kind_n of_o furlong_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v the_o italian_a consist_v of_o 625._o foot_n which_o he_o will_v have_v we_o understand_v to_o be_v that_o which_o be_v common_o use_v in_o measure_v the_o earth_n the_o second_o be_v the_o olympian_a contain_v 600._o foot_n and_o the_o three_o and_o last_o be_v the_o pythean_a consist_v of_o 1000_o foot_n but_o to_o let_v pass_v this_o late_a if_o we_o do_v but_o look_v more_o near_o into_o the_o matter_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o italian_a and_o olympian_a furlong_n howsoever_o they_o differ_v in_o name_n yet_o to_o be_v no_o other_o but_o the_o self_n same_o thing_n for_o the_o italian_a furlong_n which_o contain_v 625._o roman_a foot_n according_a as_o pliny_n testify_v in_o his_o second_o book_n and_o twenty_o three_o chapter_n will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o olympian_a consist_v of_o 600._o grecian_a foot_n for_o 600._o grecian_a foot_n be_v equal_a to_o 625_o roman_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o grecian_n foot_n exceed_v the_o roman_a by_o a_o twenty_o four_o part_n as_o much_o as_o in_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o 600._o and_o 625._o among_o these_o so_o great_a diversity_n of_o opinion_n let_v we_o give_v our_o conjecture_n ●…iso_n both_o what_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o so_o great_a disagreement_n and_o also_o which_o of_o they_o we_o may_v most_o safe_o follow_v we_o will_v therefore_o pass_v by_o aristotle_n who_o assertion_n be_v only_o defend_v by_o a_o great_a name_n and_o for_o cleomedes_n his_o opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o compass_n 200000._o furlong_n we_o shall_v scarce_o vouchsafe_v to_o mention_v it_o but_o that_o archimedes_n also_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o same_o as_o of_o a_o portion_n not_o altogether_o disallow_v in_o his_o time_n let_v we_o therefore_o examine_v eratosthenes_n and_o posidonius_n who_o opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v ground_v on_o more_o certain_a foundation_n the_o cause_n therefore_o of_o their_o disagreement_n i_o conceive_v to_o be_v in_o that_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v measure_v exact_o the_o distance_n of_o those_o place_n which_o they_o lay_v down_o to_o work_v on_o but_o take_v they_o upon_o trust_n from_o the_o common_a reduce_v receive_v of_o traveller_n save_v only_o that_o of_o the_o two_o posidonius_n be_v the_o more_o extravagant_a whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a ptolemy_n ground_v his_o opinion_n on_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n exact_o measure_v as_o himself_o affirm_v when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o know_a part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v 79_o degree_n and_o 45._o minute_n or_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v full_a 80._o degree_n it_o will_v then_o contain_v 10000_o furlong_n allow_v for_o every_o degree_n sieve_n hundred_o furlong_n as_o by_o measure_v the_o distance_n of_o place_n exact_o we_o have_v find_v it_o to_o be_v but_o eratosthenes_n be_v much_o tax_v by_o hipparchus_n for_o his_o strange_a mistake_n and_o gross_a ignorance_n in_o set_v down_o the_o distance_n of_o plac●…s_n as_o strabo_n testify_v in_o his_o first_o book_n for_o he_o reckon_v betwixt_o alexandria_n and_o carthage_n above_o 13000._o furlong_n whereas_o say_v strabo_n it_o be_v not_o above_o 9000._o

with_o the_o change_n of_o their_o declination_n what_o the_o arctic_a and_o antarctick_a circle_n be_v of_o the_o vertical_a circle_n and_o quadrant_n of_o altitude_n chap._n 3._o of_o the_o three_o position_n of_o sphere_n right_o parallel_n and_o oblique_a with_o their_o several_a affection_n chap._n 4._o of_o the_o zone_n and_o their_o number_n the_o vain_a opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_n concern_v the_o temperature_n of_o the_o zone_n be_v reject_v both_o by_o the_o testemony_n of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n themselves_o as_o also_o by_o the_o experience_n of_o late_a time_n chap._n 5._o of_o the_o amphiscij_fw-la periscij_fw-la and_o heteroscij_fw-la chap._n 6._o of_o the_o perioeci_n antoeci_n and_o antipode_n compare_v to_o each_o other_o chap._n 7._o of_o climate_n and_o parallel_n the_o second_o part_n chap._n 1._o of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o celestial_a globe_n as_o namely_o of_o the_o star_n and_o first_o of_o the_o planet_n or_o wander_a star_n chap._n 2._o of_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o their_o constellation_n chap_n 3._o of_o the_o constellation_n of_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n chap._n 4._o the_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o first_o of_o the_o northern_a chap._n 5._o the_o constellation_n of_o the_o southern_a hemisphere_n and_o first_o of_o those_o in_o the_o zodiac_n chap._n 6._o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o constellation_n of_o the_o southern_a hemisphere_n chap._n 7._o of_o the_o other_o star_n which_o be_v not_o express_v in_o globe_n why_o the_o star_n appear_v sometime_o in_o great_a number_n then_o at_o other_o time_n and_o sometime_o great_a and_o at_o other_o time_n less_o with_o the_o confutation_n of_o some_o vain_a opinion_n concern_v the_o same_o the_o idle_a relation_n of_o americus_n vespasius_n cardan_n and_o partcis_n concern_v the_o extraordinary_a greatness_n of_o the_o star_n about_o the_o south_n pole_n be_v refute_v out_o of_o the_o author_n own_o experience_n the_o three_o part_n chap._n 1._o the_o geographical_a description_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o world_n that_o be_v yet_o know_v the_o error_n of_o ptolemy_n concern_v the_o southern_a bound_n of_o africa_n and_o asia_n as_o also_o of_o the_o northern_a limit_n of_o europe_n be_v condemn_v out_o of_o the_o write_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o various_a experience_n of_o late_a writer_n chap._n 2._o of_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o measure_n of_o a_o degree_n with_o divers_a opinion_n concern_v the_o same_o of_o the_o greek_n as_o namely_o eratosthenes_n hipparchus_n posidonius_n cleomedes_n and_o ptolemy_n as_o also_o of_o the_o arabian_n jtalian_o german_n english_a and_o spanish_n posidonius_n and_o eratosthenes_n be_v confute_v out_o of_o their_o own_o observation_n and_o proposition_n ptolemy_n opinion_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o rest_n and_o he_o free_v from_o the_o calumny_n of_o maurolycus_n who_o be_v also_o tax_v in_o that_o without_o cause_n favour_v posidonius_n he_o unjust_o condemn_v ptolemy_n the_o four_o part_n chap._n 1._o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n latitude_n distance_n and_o angle_n of_o position_n or_o situation_n of_o any_o place_n express_v in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n chap._n 2._o of_o the_o latitude_n of_o any_o place_n chap._n 3._o how_o to_o find_v the_o distance_n and_o angle_n of_o position_n of_o any_o two_o place_n chap._n 4._o to_o find_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o star_n chap._n 5._o to_o find_v the_o place_n and_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o any_o day_n give_v chap._n 6._o to_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o any_o place_n by_o observe_v the_o meridian_n altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o star_n chap._n 7._o how_o to_o find_v the_o right_n and_o oblique_a ascension_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n for_o any_o latitude_n of_o place_n and_o time_n chap._n 8._o how_o to_o find_v the_o horizontall_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o meridian_n and_o the_o vertical_a circle_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o any_o other_o star_n which_o they_o call_v the_o azimuth_n for_o any_o time_n or_o place_n assign_v chap._n 9_o to_o find_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n as_o also_o the_o amplitude_n of_o rise_v and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n at_o any_o time_n and_o latitude_n of_o place_n chap._n 10._o of_o the_o threefold_a rise_n and_o set_v of_o star_n chap._n 11._o how_o to_o find_v the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o the_o twilight_n for_o any_o latitude_n of_o place_n and_o time_n chap._n 12._o to_o find_v for_o any_o latitude_n of_o place_n and_o time_n the_o length_n of_o the_o artificial_a day_n or_o night_n or_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o sun_n parallel_n that_o remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n and_o that_o be_v hide_v beneath_o it_o and_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o by_o any_o other_o star_n chap._n 13_o to_o find_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n and_o night_n both_o equal_a and_o unequal_a for_o any_o time_n &_o latitude_n of_o place_n chap._n 14._o to_o find_v the_o longitude_n latitude_n and_o declination_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n as_o they_o be_v express_v in_o the_o globe_n chap._n 15._o to_o find_v the_o declination_n of_o the_o needle_n from_o the_o true_a meridian_n which_o they_o common_o call_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n for_o any_o latitude_n assign_v where_o the_o error_n of_o those_o be_v discover_v who_o assign_v to_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n a_o certain_a meridian_n and_o fix_a po●…nt_n which_o it_o always_o respect_n and_o that_o affirm_v this_o change_n of_o variation_n to_o be_v regular_a all_o which_o vain_a conjecture_n of_o they_o and_o ungrounded_a hypothesis_n be_v refute_v both_o by_o more_o certain_a observation_n of_o other_o as_o also_o of_o the_o author_n himself_o chap._n 16._o how_o to_o make_v a_o sun_n dial_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o globe_n for_o any_o latitude_n of_o place_n the_o five_o and_o last_o part_n of_o the_o rumbe_n that_o be_v describe_v upon_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n wherein_o their_o nature_n original_a and_o use_v in_o navigation_n be_v declare_v the_o preface_n there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o instrument_n by_o which_o artificer_n have_v conceive_v that_o the_o figure_n of_o this_o so_o beautiful_a and_o various_a fabric_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n may_v most_o apt_o be_v express_v and_o as_o it_o be_v at_o once_o present_v to_o the_o view_n the_o one_o exhibit_v this_o idea_n in_o a_o round_a solid_a be_v call_v a_o globe_n or_o sphere_n the_o other_o express_v the_o same_o in_o a_o plain_a they_o term_v a_o planisphaere_n or_o map_n both_o of_o which_o have_v be_v long_o since_o invent_v by_o the_o ancient_n have_v yet_o even_o to_o our_o time_n in_o a_o continue_a succession_n receive_v still_o more_o ripeness_n and_o perfection_n the_o sphere_n or_o globe_n and_o the_o use_n thereof_o be_v report_v by_o diodorus_n siculus_n to_o have_v be_v first_o find_v out_o by_o atlas_n of_o libya_n whence_o afterward_o spring_v the_o fable_n of_o his_o bear_n up_o the_o heaven_n with_o his_o shoulder_n other_o attribute_v the_o invention_n of_o the_o same_o to_o thales_n and_o it_o be_v afterward_o bring_v to_o perfection_n by_o crates_n of_o who_o strabo_n make_v mention_v archimedes_n and_o proclus_n but_o most_o of_o all_o by_o ptolemy_n according_a to_o who_o rule_n and_o observation_n especial_o succeed_a time_n compose_v their_o globe_n as_o leontius_n mechanicus_fw-la affirm_v and_o now_o there_o have_v be_v much_o perfection_n add_v to_o the_o same_o in_o these_o our_o late_a time_n by_o the_o industry_n and_o diligence_n gemma_fw-la frisius_n and_o gerardus_n mercator_n as_o it_o may_v appear_v by_o those_o globe_n that_o be_v set_v forth_o at_o london_n anno_fw-la 1593._o so_o that_o now_o there_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v any_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v add_v to_o they_o the_o planisphaere_n indeed_o be_v a_o fine_a invention_n and_o have_v in_o it_o wonderful_a variety_n of_o workm●…nship_n if_o so_o be_v that_o the_o composition_n of_o it_o be_v right_o deduce_v out_o of_o geometrical_a and_o opticall_a principle_n and_o it_o want_v not_o its_o great_a delightfullnesse_n and_o beauty_n also_o but_o yet_o that_o other_o be_v tbe_n more_o ancient_a have_v also_o the_o priority_n in_o nature_n and_o be_v of_o the_o most_o convenient_a form_n and_o therefore_o more_o apt_o accommodate_v for_o the_o understanding_n and_o fancy_n not_o to_o speak_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o beauty_n and_o gracefulness_n of_o it_o for_o it_o represent_v the_o thing_n themselves_o in_o proper_a genuive_v figur_n for_o as_o concern_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o heaven_n whether_o it_o be_v round_o be_v scarce_o e-eve_a question_v by_o any_o so_o likewise_o touch_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n notwithstanding_o many_o and_o sundry_a opinion_n have_v be_v broach_v among_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n some_o of_o they_o contend_v for_o a_o plain_a other_o a_o hollow_a other_o

that_o they_o dwell_v under_o the_o pole_n the_o aequator_fw-la with_o they_o do_v not_o make_v oblique_a angle_n with_o the_o horizon_n because_o the_o horizon_n and_o aequator_fw-la there_o make_v both_o but_o one_o circle_n this_o kind_n of_o sphere_n therefore_o may_v more_o right_o be_v call_v a_o parallel_n or_o neutral_a sphere_n because_o that_o its_o vertical_a point_n fall_v upon_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o sphere_n but_o joseph_n scaliger_n have_v give_v it_o the_o apt_a appellation_n of_o all_o in_o his_o note_n upon_o manilius_n astronom_n lib._n 3._o upon_o these_o verse_n stantis_fw-la erit_fw-la coeli_fw-la species_n laterúmque_fw-la meatus_fw-la turbinis_fw-la in_o morem_fw-la rectâ_fw-la vertigine_fw-la currit_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o every_o sphere_n may_v be_v say_v aut_fw-la jacere_fw-la sedere_fw-la aut_fw-la stare_n either_o to_o lie_v sit_v or_o stand_v so_o that_o the_o first_o position_n of_o sphere_n be_v as_o of_o lie_v all_o along_o which_o be_v that_o of_o a_o right_a sphere_n where_o the_o horizon_n make_v right_a angle_n with_o the_o equinoctial_a the_o seeond_n be_v of_o sit_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o three_o be_v of_o stand_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o be_v like_o a_o mill._n for_o in_o this_o position_n the_o equinoctial_a supply_v the_o office_n of_o the_o horizon_n and_o as_o it_o be_v turn_v round_o about_o be_v just_a like_o a_o hand-mill_n both_o in_o habit_n and_o manner_n of_o turn_v about_o but_o we_o can_v so_o proper_o call_v it_o a_o right_a sphere_n because_o of_o the_o right_a angle_n that_o it_o make_v with_o the_o equinoctial_a as_o pass_v through_o its_o pole_n because_o that_o that_o appellation_n seem_v to_o suit_v more_o fit_o with_o a_o stand_a sphere_n in_o which_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o horizon_n and_o arctique_a circle_n last_o there_o be_v but_o one_o right_a or_o lie_v sphere_n because_o there_o be_v but_o one_o equinoctial_a and_o there_o be_v but_o two_o stand_a sphere_n because_o there_o be_v but_o two_o pole_n but_o there_o be_v great_a variety_n and_o diversitis_fw-la of_o oblique_a or_o sit_v sphere_n as_o may_v manifest_o appear_v to_o any_o man_n and_o as_o our_o author_n have_v declare_v at_o large_a chap._n four_o of_o the_o zone_n the_o four_o lesser_a circle_n which_o be_v parallel_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la divide_v the_o whole_a earth_n into_o five_o part_n call_v by_o the_o greek_n zone_n which_o appellation_n have_v also_o be_v receive_v and_o be_v sti●…_n in_o use_n among_o all_o our_o latin_a writer_n notwithstanding_o they_o sometime_o also_o use_v the_o latin_a word_n pl●…ga_n in_o the_o same_o signification_n but_o the_o greek_n do_v sometime_o apply_v the_o word_n zona_fw-la to_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o planet_n in_o a_o different_a sense_n than_o be_v ever_o use_v by_o our_o author_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o that_o passage_n of_o theon_n alexandrinus_n in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o aratus_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v there_o be_v also_o in_o the_o heaven_n seven_o zone_n whi●…h_o be_v not_o contiguous_a to_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la the_o first_o whereof_o be_v assign_v to_o saturn_n the_o second_o to_o jupiter_n etc._n etc._n of_o these_o five_o zone_n three_o be_v account_v by_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n and_o geographer_n to_o be_v inhabitable_a and_o intemperate_a one_o of_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o sun_n beam_n continual_o beat_v upon_o the_o same_o and_o this_o they_o call_v the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o be_v terminate_v by_o the_o tropique_n on_o each_o side_n and_o the_o other_o two_o by_o reason_n of_o extreme_a cold_a they_o think_v can_v not_o be_v inhabit_v as_o be_v so_o remote_a from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n beam_n whereof_o one_o be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o arctique_a circle_n and_o the_o other_o within_o the_o anta●…ctique_a but_o the_o other_o two_o be_v account_v temperate_a and_o therefore_o habitable_a the_o one_o of_o they_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o arctique_a circle_n and_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o other_o betwixt_o the_o antarctique_a and_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n neither_o do_v this_o opinion_n although_o in_o a_o manner_n general_o receive_v a_o among_o the_o ancient_n concern_v the_o number_n and_o bound_n of_o the_o zone_n even_o then_o want_v its_o opposition_n for_o parmenides_n will_v have_v that_o zone_n which_o they_o call_v the_o torrid_a to_o be_v extend_v far_o beyond_o the_o tropique_n so_o that_o he_o make_v it_o almost_o as_o large_a again_o as_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v but_o be_v withal_o reprehend_v for_o it_o by_o posidonius_n because_o he_o know_v that_o about_o half_a of_o that_o space_n which_o be_v contain_v betwixt_o our_o summer_n tropic_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v inhabit_v so_o likewise_o aristotle_n terminate_v the_o torrid_a zone_n betwixt_o the_o tropique_n and_o the_o temperate_a zone_n with_o the_o tropique_n and_o the_o arctique_a and_o antarctique_a circle_n but_o he_o also_o be_v tax_v by_o the_o same_o posidonius_n in_o that_o he_o appoint_v the_o arctique_a circle_n which_o the_o greek_n will_v have_v to_o be_v mutable_a to_o be_v the_o limit_n of_o the_o zone_n polyibus_fw-la make_v six_o zone_n by_o divide_v the_o torrid_a into_o two_o part_n and_o reckon_v one_o of_o they_o from_o the_o winter_n tropic_n to_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o the_o other_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o summer_n tropic_n other_o follow_v eratosthenes_n will_v have_v a_o certain_a narrow_a zone_n which_o shall_v be_v temperate_a and_o fit_a for_o habitation_n under_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n o●…_n which_o opinion_n be_v avicen_n the_o arabian_a and_o some_o of_o our_o modern_a winter_n nicolaus_n lyranus_fw-la thomas_n aquinas_n and_o campanus_n i_o know_v not_o upon_o what_o ground_n will_v have_v the_o terrestrial_a paradise_n speak_v of_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o genesis_n to_o be_v place_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n and_o so_o likewise_o eratosthenes_n and_o polybius_n will_v have_v all_o that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o torrid_a zone_n to_o be_v temperate_a in_o like_a manner_n posidonius_n contradict_v the_o receive_a opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n because_o he_o know_v that_o both_o syene_n which_o they_o place_n under_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o also_o aethiopia_n which_o lie_v more_o inward_a and_o over_o who_o head_n the_o sun_n lie_v long_o than_o it_o do_v upon_o they_o under_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v notwithstanding_o inhabit_v whence_o he_o conclude_v that_o the_o part_n under_o the_o aeqinoctiall_a be_v not_o inhabitable_a because_o he_o see_v ●…at_v those_o under_o the_o tropic_n want_v ●…ot_a inhabitant_n yet_o ptolemy_n in_o his_o 2_o book_z ●…d_v six_o chapter_n of_o his_o almageste_n conceive_v ●…hose_v thing_n which_o be_v prepare_v of_o the_o temperateness_n under_o the_o line_n to_o be_v rather_o conjecture_v then_o truth_n of_o story_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n of_o his_o five_o book_n of_o his_o geography_n he_o describe_v we_o a_o country_n in_o aethiopia_n which_o he_o call_v agisymba_n and_o place_v far_o beyond_o th●…_n the_o equinoctial_a notwithstanding_o some_o of_o our_o modern_a geographer_n stick_v not_o to_o place_v it_o northward_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la contrary_a to_o ptolemy_n mind_n this_o inconstancy_n of_o ptolemy_n have_v give_v occasion_n to_o some_o to_o suspect_v that_o the_o almage_a and_o cosmography_n be_v not_o the_o same_o author_n work_n now_o as_o concern_v these_o conceit_n of_o the_o ancient_n about_o the_o number_n of_o the_o intemperate_a zone_n if_o they_o be_v not_o sufficient_o prove_v to_o be_v vain_a and_o idle_a by_o the_o authority_n of_o eratosthenes_n and_o polybius_n yet_o certain_o it_o be_v very_o evident_o demonstrate_v by_o the_o navigation_n both_o of_o the_o portugall_n and_o also_o of_o our_o own_o countryman_n that_o not_o only_o that_o tract_n of_o land_n which_o the_o ancient_n call_v the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v full_o inhabit_v but_o also_o that_o within_o the_o ar●…tique_a circle_n above_o 70_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la all_o place_n be_v full_a of_o inhabitant_n so_o that_o now_o no_o man_n needs_o to_o doubt_v any_o further_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o unless_o he_o have_v rather_o err_v with_o sacred_a and_o venerable_a antiquity_n then_o be_v better_o inform_v by_o the_o experience_n of_o modern_a age_n though_o never_o so_o strong_o back_v with_o undeniable_a proof_n and_o testimony_n pont_n whereas_o our_o author_n accuse_v ptolemy_n of_o inconstancy_n in_o that_o in_o his_o almage_a cap._n 6._o lib._n 2._o he_o account_v it_o a_o fahle_n rather_o than_o any_o true_a history_n whatsoever_o be_v report_v of_o the_o in_o hahitant_n under_o the_o aequator_fw-la where_o as_o in_o his_o geography_n lib._n 5._o cap._n ult_n he_o seem_v to_o contradict_v the_o same_o i_o think_v that_o pliny_n also_o be_v not_o free_a from_o the_o like_a fault_n

for_o whereas_o in_o his_o lib._n 6._o cap._n 22._o have_v discourse_v of_o the_o m●…gnitude_n of_o the_o isle_n taprobane_n which_o be_v now_o think_v to_o be_v sumatra_n and_o lie_v direct_o under_o the_o line_n out_o of_o eratosthenes_n and_o megasthenes_n he_o present_o add_v that_o beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o ancient_n the_o roman_n have_v better_a knowledge_n of_o the_o same_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o em●…eror_n claudiu●…_n there_o be_v ambassador_n send_v from_o thence_o to_o rome_n who_o among_o other_o thing_n shall_v relate_v that_o with_o they_o gold_n &_o silver_n be_v in_o high_a account_n and_o that_o they_o have_v great_a wealth_n than_o the_o roman_n themselves_o but_o yet_o that_o the_o roman_n have_v great_a use_n of_o riches_n than_o they_o which_o word_n of_o pliny_n with_o many_o other_o there_o at_o large_a set_v down_o by_o he_o if_o they_o be_v but_o compare_v with_o what_o himself_o elsewhere_o write_v in_o his_o 2_o book_z chap._n 68_o he_o will_v be_v find_v manifest_o to_o contradict_v himself_o for_o dispute_v in_o this_o place_n and_o inquire_v how_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v inhabit_v tres_n say_v he_o terrae_fw-la part_n abstulisse_fw-la nobis_fw-la coelum_fw-la etc._n etc._n three_o part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o heaveus_fw-la have_v rob_v we_o of_o to_o wit_n the_o torrid_a or_o middle_a zone_n ●…bat_n be_v whatsoever_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o two_o tropique_n and_o the_o two_o outmost_a or_o frigid_a zone_n that_o be_v to_o say_v whatever_o ground_n lie_v betwixt_o either_o pole_n and_o the_o arctique_a and_o antarctique_a circle_n according_a to_o that_o which_o the_o poet_n sing_v of_o old_a quarum_fw-la quae_fw-la media_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la habita_fw-la bilis_fw-la aestu_fw-la nix_n tegit_fw-la alta_fw-la duos_fw-la in_o english_a thus_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o be_v not_o inhabit_v through_o heat_n and_o two_o with_o snow_n be_v cover_v for_o this_o be_v that_o which_o pliny_n mean_v that_o those_o two_o outwardmost_a be_v not_o habitable_a by_o reason_n of_o extremity_n of_o ●…old_n nor_o the_o other_o through_o too_o violent_a heat_n but_o that_o which_o be_v more_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o in_o so_o great_a a_o author_n who_o not_o withstand_v indifferent_o take_v up_o aswell_o the_o common_a popular_a fable_n as_o the_o extravagant_a fixion_n of_o the_o poet_n also_o be_v that_o which_o he_o very_o confident_o relate_v out_o of_o corlius_fw-la nepos_n how_o that_o one_o eudoxus_n take_v ship_n in_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n come_v as_o far_o as_o the_o gades_n two_o isle_n upon_o the_o confine_n of_o spain_n which_o voyage_n if_o we_o shall_v but_o thorough_o examine_v will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v as_o much_o 〈◊〉_d that_o all_o the_o fortugal_n and_o our_o countryman_n at_o this_o day_n perform_v in_o their_o sea_n voyage_n to_o the_o east_n ind●…_n when_o as_o touch_v upon_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n they_o twice_o cross_v the_o line_n and_o pass_v through_o the_o whole_a torrid_a zone_n not_o to_o speak_v any_o thing_n of_o that_o which_o he_o write_v in_o his_o first_o book_n twenty_o three_o chapter_n namely_o that_o there_o be_v never_o a_o year_n that_o india_n do_v not_o suck_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a empire_n at_o the_o least_o 500000._o sesterce_n by_o send_v in_o such_o commodity_n as_o they_o sell_v to_o the_o roman_n for_o a_o hundred_o time_n as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v worth_a in_o india_n and_o that_o there_o be_v yearly_a traffic_n by_o ship_n through_o the_o red_a sea_n betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o roman_n who_o be_v sane_a for_o their_o safe_a passage_n to_o defend_v themselves_o from_o pirate_n by_o go_v provide_v with_o band_n of_o archer_n and_o here_o all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v in_o pliny_n defence_n be_v tha●…those_n thing_n which_o he_o relate_v in_o this_o second_o book_n be_v write_v by_o he_o long_o before_o the_o rest_n which_o followeh_n and_o that_o at_o that_o time_n these_o indian_a voyage_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_o undertake_v or_o the_o passage_n so_o well_o know_v unto_o the_o roman_n especial_o for_o that_o in_o the_o book_n follow_v as_o namely_o the_o six_o book_n 17._o and_o 23._o chapter_n he_o say_v that_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o the_o voyage_n from_o egypt_n into_o india_n begin_v but_o than_o first_o to_o be_v discover_v when_o as_o he_o be_v write_v the_o same_o and_o that_o seneca_n have_v not_o long_o before_o begin_v a_o description_n of_o india_n reckon_v up_o therein_o 60._o great_a river_n and_o 122._o nation_n to_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o same_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o habitablenesse_n and_o fortility_n of_o the_o part_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n i●…_n in_o that_o the_o sun_n shine_v upon_o they_o but_o 12._o hour_n so_o that_o the_o night_n be_v always_o as_o long_o as_o the_o day_n the_o coldness_n of_o the_o one_o do_v very_o much_o attemperate_a the_o excessive_a heat_n of_o the_o other_o in_o like_a manner_n that_o both_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v habitable_a be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o sun_n which_o in_o his_o course_n through_o the_o six_o northern_a sign_n of_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la never_o set_v in_o six_o month_n space_n so_o those_o that_o live_v under_o 84_o degree_n of_o latitude_n so_o that_o by_o his_o continual_a presene●…_n the_o extreme_a rigidity_n of_o the_o clime_n i●…_n mitigate_v and_o the_o cold_a by_o this_o mean_n dispel_v chap._n v._o of_o the_o amphiseij_fw-la hereroscij_fw-la and_o periscij_fw-la the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o zone_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o their_o noonshadowe_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o kind_n amphis●…ij_fw-la heteroscij_fw-la and_o periscij_fw-la those_o that_o inhabit_v betwixt_o the_o two_o tropiqu●…s_n be_v call_v amphiscij_fw-la because_o that_o their_o noon_n shadow_n be_v diverse_o cast_v sometime_o towards_o the_o south_n as_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v more_o northward_o than_o their_o vertical_a point_n and_o sometime_o towards_o the_o north_n as_o when_o the_o sun_n decline_v southwa●…_n from_o their_o zenith_n those_o that_o live_v betwixt_o the_o tropique_n and_o a●…ct_n que_fw-fr circle_n be_v call_v heteroscij_fw-la because_o the_o shadow_n at_o noon_n be_v cast_v only_o one_o way_n and_o that_o ●…ither_o north_n or_o south_n for_o the_o sun_n never_o come_v far_a north_n than_o our_o summer_n tropic_n nor_o more_o southward_o than_o the_o winter_n tropic_n so_o that_o those_o that_o inhabit_v northward_o of_o the_o summer_n tropic_n have_v their_o shadow_n cast_v always_o towards_o the_o north_n as_o in_o like_a manner_n those_o that_o dwell_v more_o southward_o than_o the_o winter_n tropic_n have_v their_o noon-shadow_n cast_v always_o coward_n the_o south_n those_o that_o inhabit_v betwixt_o the_o arctique_a or_o antarctique_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n be_v call_v periscij_fw-la because_o that_o the_o gnomon_n do_v cast_v their_o shadow_n circular_o and_o the_o reason_n hereos_fw-la it_o for_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v carry_v round_o about_o above_o their_o horizon_n in_o his_o whole_a diurnal_a revolution_n pont_n the_o heterosciall_a zone_n be_v therefore_o two_o fold_v either_o northern_a or_o southern_a the_o northern_a be_v comprehend_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o artik_a circle_n and_o ●…s_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d septentrionalis_n because_o that_o in_o it_o the_o sun_n beam_n at_o noon_n be_v always_o cast_v to_o that_o part_n only_o that_o byoth_v towards_o the_o ●…ole_a arctic_n the_o southern_a hetorosciall_a zone_n contain_v all_o that_o space_n of_o ground_n that_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n and_o u●…e_v antarctique_a circle_n and_o it_o be_v call●…d_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d meridonalis_fw-la because_o the_o noon_n shadow_n be_v proje●…ed_v towards_o the_o south_n pole_n only_o the_o property_n of_o these_o several_a zone_n be_v these_o that_o follow_v first_o they_o that_o inhabit_v the_o midst_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v in_o a_o right_a sphere_n for_o with_o they_o both_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n lie_v in_o their_o horizon_n and_o their_o zenith_n or_o vertical_a point_n fall_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n so_o that_o their_o peculiar_a accident_n be_v these_o first_o all_z the_o s●…arres_n do_v rise_v and_o set_v in_o a_o equal_a space_n of_o time_n except_o the_o arctique_a and_o antarctique_a pole_n as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o lerius_fw-la in_o our_o note_n upon_o the_o three_o chapter_n second_o they_o have_v a_o perpetual_a aequinoxe_n three_o they_o have_v the_o sun_n vertical_a unto_o they_o twice_o in_o a_o year_n namely_o when_o he_o enter_v into_o ♈_o and_o ♎_o four_o in_o the_o sun_n periodicall_a motion_n through_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la look_v how_o much_o he_o go_v southward_o from_o their_o zenith_n in_o his_o return_n he_o decline_v as_o far_o northward_o srom_o the_o same_o fi●…thly_o they_o have_v