yield_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o what_o the_o other_o do_v so_o great_a difference_n be_v there_o in_o be_v at_o the_o foot_n and_o on_o the_o east_n of_o a_o mountain_n these_o 5_o cassilif_n answer_v to_o the_o high_a egypt_n or_o the_o thebais_n of_o the_o ancient_n in_o which_o be_v a_o great_a many_o city_n wall_v town_n and_o village_n as_o be_v general_o find_v throughout_o all_o egypt_n as_o anon_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o those_o cassilif_n of_o fium_fw-la and_o giza_n with_o the_o territory_n of_o cairo_n to_o the_o middle_n the_o cassilif_n of_o fium_fw-la and_o giza_n have_v very_o good_a earth_n and_o which_o be_v easy_o water_v by_o the_o nile_n it_o yield_v store_n of_o grain_n fruit_n as_o raisin_n etc._n etc._n flax_n milk_n feed_v many_o cattle_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o cassilif_n or_o governor_n of_o the_o last_o have_v not_o a_o free_a sword_n that_o be_v have_v not_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n as_o he_o please_v as_o the_o other_o have_v be_v out_o of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o arab_n and_o too_o near_a cairo_n of_o which_o a_o word_n or_o two_o describe_v city_n of_o cairo_n describe_v this_o city_n of_o cairo_n have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n be_v all_o the_o ornament_n of_o egypt_n it_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o sultan_n be_v now_o of_o the_o bassa_n some_o make_v it_o very_o great_a other_o much_o less_o the_o first_o compose_v it_o of_o 4_o part_n to_o wit_n old_a cairo_n new_a cairo_n boulac_n and_o charafat_n there_o be_v some_o void_a place_n between_o each_o they_o say_v that_o these_o 4_o part_n together_o with_o their_o suburb_n may_v be_v about_o 10_o or_o 12_o league_n long_o and_o 7_o or_o 8_o broad_a nor_o give_v they_o it_o less_o than_o 25_o or_o 30_o league_n circuit_n they_o count_v 16_o or_o 18000_o street_n 6000_o mosque_n and_o if_o the_o particular_a oratory_n be_v comprise_v above_o 20000_o as_o also_o they_o account_v about_o 200000_o house_n among_o which_o be_v divers_a bazar_n or_o market_n cane_n or_o magazine_n of_o certain_a merchandize_n many_o hospital_n and_o magnificent_a structure_n the_o castle_n be_v great_a strong_a and_o well_o fortify_v situate_a on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o rock_n which_o overlook_v the_o city_n and_o discover_v the_o plain_a on_o all_o side_n even_o to_o the_o loss_n of_o sight_n the_o building_n painting_n and_o other_o ornament_n which_o yet_o remain_v do_v testify_v the_o magnificence_n of_o the_o sultan_n this_o castle_n as_o heylin_n note_v for_o largeness_n wall_n and_o divide_v into_o many_o court_n in_o which_o be_v stately_a building_n but_o now_o have_v lose_v much_o of_o its_o glory_n be_v in_o part_n destroy_v by_o selimus_n that_o which_o now_o remain_v serve_v for_o the_o court_n or_o habitation_n of_o the_o bassa_n in_o and_o about_o this_o city_n be_v abundance_n of_o delicate_a orchard_n which_o be_v place_n of_o great_a delight_n in_o which_o be_v excellent_a fruit_n walk_n etc._n etc._n and_o nigh_o to_o this_o city_n there_o be_v a_o pleasant_a lake_n which_o be_v much_o frequent_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o for_o their_o recreation_n pass_v some_o time_n daily_o on_o this_o lake_n in_o boat_n for_o their_o further_a mutual_a society_n and_o see_v their_o friend_n and_o acquaintance_n cairo_n caesar_n lambert_n his_o description_n of_o cairo_n caesar_n lambert_n of_o marsillia_n in_o his_o relation_n of_o the_o year_n 1627._o 28_o 29_o and_o 32_o say_v that_o cairo_n separate_v from_o the_o other_o city_n and_o town_n be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o paris_n and_o if_o a_o eye_n witness_n of_o both_o may_v be_v believe_v he_o speak_v truth_n and_o take_v for_o witness_n some_o eminent_a french_a gentleman_n then_o at_o cairo_n who_o confess_v that_o join_v it_o to_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n adjacent_a it_o may_v with_o reason_n be_v call_v grand_a cairo_n but_o however_o he_o maintain_v this_o to_o be_v but_o almost_o the_o shadow_n of_o cairo_n as_o it_o be_v 100_o and_o odd_a year_n since_o so_o much_o be_v the_o trade_n diminish_v and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o report_n of_o the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n he_o say_v likewise_o that_o the_o castle_n have_v be_v much_o great_a and_o more_o magnificent_a than_o it_o be_v at_o present_a and_o observe_v several_a footstep_n or_o proud_a building_n now_o of_o no_o use_n and_o after_o all_o say_v that_o this_o be_v not_o strong_a cairo_n sandys_n his_o description_n of_o cairo_n sandys_n in_o his_o book_n of_o tavel_n among_o other_o remarkable_a thing_n make_v this_o description_n of_o it_o say_v that_o this_o great_a city_n call_v grand_a cairo_n be_v inhabit_v by_o moor_n turk_n negro_n jew_n copty_v greek_n and_o armenian_n who_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v the_o poor_a and_o yet_o the_o most_o laborious_a the_o civil_a and_o honest_a of_o all_o other_o they_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o turk_n neither_o do_v they_o pay_v he_o any_o tribute_n of_o child_n as_o other_o christian_n do_v and_o it_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v take_v in_o war_n they_o be_v free_v from_o bondage_n and_o this_o privilege_n they_o gain_v by_o a_o certain_a armenian_a that_o foretell_v the_o greatness_n and_o glory_n of_o mahomet_n here_o he_o say_v they_o hatch_v egg_n by_o artificial_a heat_n and_o that_o in_o exceed_v great_a number_n which_o they_o do_v in_o this_o manner_n in_o a_o narrow_a entry_n on_o each_o side_n be_v 2_o row_n of_o oven_n one_o over_o the_o other_o on_o the_o floor_n of_o the_o low_a they_o lay_v flax_n over_o those_o mat_n and_o upon_o they_o eggs._n the_o floor_n of_o the_o upper_a oven_n be_v as_o roof_n to_o the_o under_o be_v grate_v over_o like_o kiln_n only_o have_v tunnel_n in_o the_o middle_n which_o have_v cover_n over_o they_o these_o grating_n be_v cover_v with_o mat_n and_o on_o they_o they_o lay_v dry_a and_o pulverated_a dung_n of_o camel_n etc._n etc._n three_o or_o four_o inch_n thick_a at_o the_o far_o and_o high_a side_n of_o these_o upper_a oven_n be_v trench_n of_o lome_n which_o be_v about_o a_o handful_n deep_a and_o two_o handful_n broad_a chicken_n the_o hatch_n of_o chicken_n and_o in_o these_o they_o burn_v the_o aforesaid_a dung_n which_o yield_v a_o gentle_a heat_n without_o any_o fire_n under_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o upper_a oven_n be_v conveyance_n for_o the_o smoke_n have_v round_a roof_n with_o vent_n at_o the_o top_n to_o open_v and_o shut_v and_o thus_o lie_v the_o egg_n in_o the_o low_a oven_n for_o the_o space_n of_o eight_o day_n turn_v they_o daily_o and_o look_v that_o the_o heat_n be_v gentle_a and_o moderate_a than_o they_o put_v out_o the_o fire_n and_o put_v the_o one_o half_a into_o the_o upper_a oven_n than_o they_o shut_v all_o close_a and_o let_v they_o alone_o ten_o day_n long_o at_o which_o time_n they_o become_v hatch_v cairo_n sir_n henry_n blunt_z his_o description_n of_o this_o city_n cairo_n i_o shall_v conclude_v my_o description_n of_o this_o city_n with_o some_o observation_n which_o sir_n henry_n blunt_n have_v observe_v during_o his_o abode_n there_o first_o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v mosque_n and_o oratory_n to_o the_o number_n of_o thirty_o five_o thousand_o some_o of_o which_o be_v very_o stately_a and_o magnificent_a next_o he_o say_v there_o be_v twenty_o four_o thousand_o note_a street_n beside_o by-street_n and_o lane_n and_o some_o of_o these_o street_n be_v about_o two_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o to_o all_o these_o street_n at_o each_o end_n there_o be_v a_o door_n which_o every_o night_n be_v lock_v up_o and_o keep_v guard_v by_o which_o mean_v tumult_n robbery_n fire_n or_o the_o like_a be_v prevent_v and_o without_o the_o city_n to_o hinder_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o arab_n from_o abroad_o there_o do_v also_o watch_v every_o night_n four_o saniack_n with_o each_o of_o they_o one_o thousand_o horseman_n the_o number_n of_o man_n that_o do_v every_o night_n guard_v this_o city_n be_v twenty_o eight_o thousand_o this_o city_n be_v build_v he_o say_v after_o the_o egyptian_a manner_n high_a and_o of_o large_a rough_a stone_n with_o part_n of_o brick_n the_o street_n be_v but_o narrow_a but_o as_o the_o house_n decay_v they_o be_v rebuilt_a after_o the_o turkish_a manner_n mean_v low_a and_o make_v of_o mud_n and_o timber_n yet_o their_o palace_n be_v stately_a with_o spacious_a court_n wherein_o be_v fair_a tree_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n also_o other_o court_n belong_v to_o their_o palace_n adjoin_v to_o curious_a garden_n wherein_o be_v variety_n of_o excellent_a fruit_n and_o water_v with_o fountain_n nor_o want_v they_o any_o state_n in_o their_o edifice_n which_o be_v vast_a lofty_a and_o very_o magnificent_a this_o city_n notwithstanding_o its_o greatness_n he_o say_v be_v so_o exceed_v populous_a
these_o be_v the_o three_o sort_n of_o property_n to_o be_v declare_v in_o special_a geography_n although_o those_o terrestrial_a property_n which_o make_v up_o the_o three_o rank_n be_v not_o so_o right_o refer_v to_o geography_n but_o we_o must_v yield_v somewhat_o to_o custom_n and_o the_o profit_n of_o learner_n we_o will_v beside_o these_o join_v many_o chapter_n to_o particular_a geography_n concern_v the_o practice_n of_o geography_n but_o in_o general_n geography_n which_o we_o will_v unfold_v in_o this_o book_n first_o the_o absolute_a property_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o constitution_n be_v consider_v last_o in_o the_o comparative_a part_n those_o thing_n shall_v be_v propose_v which_o be_v offer_v unto_o we_o in_o the_o compare_v one_o place_n with_o another_o the_o principle_n of_o geography_n the_o principle_n which_o geography_n use_v for_o the_o confirm_v the_o truth_n of_o her_o proposition_n be_v threefold_a 1._o geometrical_a arithmetical_a and_o trigonometrical_a proposition_n 2._o astronomical_a precept_n and_o theorem_n although_o it_o may_v seem_v like_o a_o miracle_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o we_o dwell_v to_o use_v the_o celestial_a body_n which_o be_v so_o many_o thousand_o mile_n remote_a from_o we_o 3._o experience_n for_o indeed_o the_o great_a part_n of_o geography_n especial_o that_o which_o be_v particular_a be_v uphold_v by_o the_o only_a experience_n and_o observation_n of_o man_n who_o have_v describe_v every_o country_n the_o order_n of_o geography_n concern_v the_o order_n which_o i_o esteem_v sit_v to_o observe_v in_o this_o art_n of_o geography_n it_o have_v be_v already_o speak_v in_o the_o division_n and_o explication_n of_o the_o property_n thereof_o yet_o here_o meet_v we_o a_o certain_a difficulty_n concern_v the_o order_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o explication_n of_o these_o property_n forsooth_o whether_o to_o all_o country_n their_o own_o property_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v or_o whether_o the_o country_n themselves_o be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o property_n general_o explicate_v aristotle_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o history_n of_o live_v creature_n as_o also_o in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o the_o part_n of_o live_a creature_n move_v the_o like_a doubt_n and_o dispute_v it_o at_o large_a whether_o according_a to_o the_o single_a â—orts_n of_o live_a creature_n their_o property_n be_v single_o to_o be_v reckon_v up_o or_o else_o whether_o these_o property_n be_v general_o to_o be_v declare_v and_o the_o live_a creature_n in_o which_o the_o may_v be_v find_v be_v then_o to_o be_v subjoin_v the_o like_a difficulty_n occur_v also_o in_o other_o part_n of_o philosophy_n we_o in_o general_n geography_n have_v general_o unfold_v some_o property_n which_o in_o special_a geography_n we_o will_v apply_v to_o the_o application_n of_o single_a country_n the_o method_n of_o geography_n as_o touch_v the_o method_n and_o manner_n of_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o geographical_a tenant_n very_o many_o be_v prove_v in_o general_a geography_n by_o demonstration_n proper_o so_o call_v especial_o celestial_a property_n but_o in_o special_a geography_n the_o celestial_a property_n only_o except_v which_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v be_v in_o a_o manner_n declare_v without_o demonstration_n because_o experience_n and_o observation_n do_v confirm_v they_o neither_o can_v they_o be_v prove_v by_o any_o other_o mean_n also_o very_a many_o proposition_n be_v prove_v or_o rather_o demonstrate_v by_o the_o terrestrial_a artificial_a globe_n and_o also_o by_o geographical_a map_n and_o some_o of_o these_o proposition_n which_o be_v thus_o explain_v upon_o the_o globe_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v confirm_v by_o lawful_a demonstration_n again_o some_o proposition_n can_v in_o no_o wise_n be_v so_o prove_v but_o be_v therefore_o receive_v because_o we_o suppose_v that_o all_o place_n in_o the_o globe_n and_o map_n be_v so_o dispose_v even_o as_o they_o lie_v on_o the_o earth_n yet_o in_o these_o thing_n we_o will_v rather_o follow_v the_o description_n make_v by_o author_n of_o geography_n the_o globe_n and_o map_n serve_v for_o the_o clear_n and_o more_o easy_a comprehension_n thereof_o the_o original_a of_o geography_n the_o original_a of_o geography_n be_v not_o new_a nor_o bring_v into_o the_o world_n at_o one_o birth_n neither_o come_v she_o to_o we_o from_o one_o man_n but_o her_o principle_n and_o foundation_n be_v lay_v long_o ago_o yea_o many_o age_n since_o although_o ancient_a geographer_n be_v employ_v only_o in_o describe_v country_n which_o be_v the_o part_n of_o chorography_n and_o topography_n the_o roman_n be_v accustom_v when_o any_o country_n by_o they_o be_v subdue_v to_o show_v in_o their_o triumph_n the_o chorography_n thereof_o lively_o pencil_v and_o draw_v on_o a_o table_n and_o flourish_v with_o picture_n to_o the_o beholder_n there_o be_v beside_o at_o rome_n in_o lucullus_n his_o porch_n many_o table_n of_o geography_n expose_v to_o the_o view_n of_o all_o man_n the_o senate_n of_o rome_n about_o a_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n birth_n send_v surveyor_n and_o geographer_n into_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o world_n that_o they_o may_v measure_v out_o the_o earth_n but_o they_o come_v far_o short_a thereof_o neco_n king_n of_o the_o egyptian_n many_o age_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n command_v that_o the_o whole_a outer-side_n of_o africa_n shall_v be_v discover_v by_o the_o phoenician_n in_o three_o year_n space_n king_n darius_n command_v that_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n indus_n and_o the_o ethiopian_a eastern-sea_n shall_v be_v search_v out_o alexander_n the_o great_a in_o his_o voyage_n to_o asia_n take_v with_o he_o diognetus_n and_o beton_n as_o pliny_n note_v two_o surveyor_n and_o describer_n of_o his_o journey_n out_o of_o who_o annotation_n and_o journal_o geographer_n of_o succeed_a age_n take_v many_o thing_n imperfect_a ancient_a geography_n very_o imperfect_a but_o the_o geography_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v very_o lame_a and_o imperfect_a for_o first_o they_o know_v not_o america_n in_o the_o least_o 2._o the_o northern-land_n 3._o the_o south-land_n and_o magellan_n be_v utter_o unknown_a to_o they_o 4._o they_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v sail_v about_o or_o the_o main_a ocean_n with_o a_o continual_a trace_n do_v encompass_v it_o but_o yet_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n be_v of_o that_o opinion_n yet_o i_o utter_o deny_v they_o know_v it_o certain_o 5._o they_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v habitable_a 6._o they_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o true_a dimension_n of_o the_o earth_n although_o they_o write_v many_o thing_n in_o this_o business_n the_o excellency_n of_o geography_n first_o the_o study_n of_o geography_n be_v commend_v to_o we_o by_o the_o great_a worthiness_n thereof_o because_o it_o most_o of_o all_o become_v man_n be_v a_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o endue_v with_o reason_n above_o all_o live_a creature_n second_o it_o be_v also_o a_o pleasant_a thing_n and_o indeed_o a_o honest_a recreation_n to_o contemplate_v the_o kingdom_n and_o property_n of_o the_o earth_n three_o the_o commodity_n and_o necessity_n of_o it_o be_v notable_a insomuch_o as_o neither_o divine_n physician_n lawyer_n historian_n nor_o other_o professor_n can_v want_v the_o knowledge_n thereof_o but_o the_o excellency_n of_o geography_n have_v be_v sufficient_o handle_v i_o place_v hereunder_o a_o table_n which_o open_v the_o order_n in_o special_a geography_n to_o the_o observe_v the_o explication_n of_o single_a country_n special_a geography_n consider_v in_o every_o region_n ten_o terrestrial_a 1._o limit_n and_o circumscription_n 2._o longitude_n of_o place_n and_o situation_n 3._o figure_n 4._o magnitude_n 5._o mountain_n the_o appellation_n situation_n and_o altitude_n their_o property_n and_o thing_n contain_v in_o they_o 6._o mine_n 7._o wood_n and_o desert_n 8._o water_n the_o sea_n lakes_n marsh_n river_n their_o spring_n inlet_n tract_n and_o latitude_n the_o quantity_n of_o water_n the_o celerity_n the_o quantity_n the_o cataract_n 9_o fertility_n sterility_n and_o fruit_n 10._o the_o animal_n eight_o celestial_a 1._o the_o distance_n of_o place_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o pole_n 2._o the_o obliquity_n of_o motion_n above_o the_o horizon_n 3._o the_o quantity_n of_o day_n 4._o the_o clime_n and_o zone_n 5._o the_o heat_n the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o wind_n rain_n and_o other_o meteor_n 6._o the_o rise_n and_o stay_v of_o the_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n 7._o the_o star_n pass_v through_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n 8._o the_o celerity_n or_o quantity_n of_o their_o motion_n according_a to_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o copernicus_n ten_o human_a thing_n 1._o the_o stature_n life_n meat_n and_o drink_n and_o the_o original_a of_o the_o inhabitant_n 2._o the_o income_n art_n merchandise_n or_o traffic_n 3._o virtue_n and_o vice_n the_o genius_n and_o erudition_n 4._o
most_o sincere_a judge_n yet_o this_o opinion_n find_v but_o few_o abettor_n insomuch_o that_o many_o age_n it_o be_v as_o it_o be_v bury_v in_o oblivion_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n in_o school_n make_v thereof_o until_o such_o time_n that_o eminent_a astronomer_n copernicus_n some_o two_o or_o three_o age_n pass_v make_v it_o famous_a and_o so_o prevail_v therein_o therein_o the_o opinion_n of_o copernicus_n therein_o that_o very_o many_o excellent_a astronomer_n embrace_v this_o opinion_n and_o confirm_v it_o with_o sundry_a argument_n and_o reason_n among_o who_o not_o long_o since_o flourish_v kepler_n the_o emperor_n profess_a mathematician_n and_o galilaeus_fw-la of_o galilee_n the_o italian_a mathematician_n to_o the_o grand_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n or_o florence_n and_o lanthergius_n belga_n and_o because_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a motion_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n perceive_v by_o we_o the_o first_o whereof_o be_v whereby_o all_o the_o star_n as_o well_o 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these_o be_v most_o note_v which_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o four_o kind_n viâ—â—_n sandy_n ericose_v stony_n and_o marish_a or_o boggy_a desert_n those_o that_o be_v ericose_v have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n here_o and_o there_o in_o many_o place_n wood_n and_o forest_n be_v the_o more_o useful_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v cultivate_v 1._o all_o the_o desert_n of_o africa_n be_v almost_o sandy_a neither_o be_v any_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n more_o pester_v with_o desert_n the_o great_a be_v find_v in_o lybia_n they_o also_o encompass_v all_o egypt_n 2._o the_o desert_n of_o arabia_n be_v partly_o sandy_a and_o partly_o stony_a but_o the_o most_o famous_a be_v that_o sandy_a desert_n in_o arabia_n term_v vulgar_o the_o sandy_a sea_n 3._o the_o desert_n of_o tartary_n about_o the_o mountain_n imaus_n also_o the_o desert_n belgian_n about_o the_o mogul_n where_o hitherto_o it_o have_v be_v though_o false_o believe_v that_o the_o rich_a kingdom_n of_o cathaie_n be_v seat_v 4._o the_o 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1._o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n which_o be_v situate_v between_o the_o occidental_a coast_n of_o the_o old_a world_n and_o the_o oriental_a of_o the_o new_a it_o be_v vulgar_o term_v mare_n deal_v nor_o or_o the_o north_n sea_n but_o improper_o see_v that_o it_o extend_v itself_o beyond_o the_o equator_fw-la towards_o the_o south_n it_o be_v more_o apt_o divide_v into_o two_o part_n one_o from_o the_o equator_fw-la towards_o the_o north_n the_o other_o stretch_v towards_o the_o south_n it_o have_v therefore_o on_o the_o eastern_a quarter_n the_o occidental_a coast_n of_o the_o old_a world_n and_o on_o the_o western_a the_o oriental_a coast_n of_o america_n towards_o the_o north_n it_o conjoyn_v with_o the_o hyperboreal_a or_o northern_a ocean_n and_o towards_o the_o south_n with_o the_o southern_a ocean_n ocean_n pacifick_n ocean_n hyperboreal_a ocean_n
dissolve_v snow_n and_o this_o they_o take_v for_o a_o sign_n of_o it_o that_o rain_n and_o dissolve_v snow_n do_v much_o augment_v the_o river_n that_o oftentimes_o they_o extend_v beyond_o their_o channel_n and_o overflow_v region_n also_o that_o river_n do_v much_o decrease_v and_o some_o lesser_a sort_n of_o they_o be_v altogether_o dry_v up_o when_o no_o rain_n for_o a_o long_a while_n in_o the_o summer_n season_n have_v fall_v because_o that_o their_o channel_n be_v not_o very_o profound_a and_o therefore_o have_v collect_v little_a water_n but_o those_o that_o have_v a_o deep_a channel_n be_v not_o dry_v up_o in_o the_o summer_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o have_v gather_v so_o much_o water_n from_o the_o rain_n that_o fall_v and_o dissolve_v snow_n so_o that_o all_o can_v be_v turn_v into_o vapour_n except_o by_o a_o daily_a and_o continual_a heat_n 2._o because_o that_o there_o be_v very_o few_o river_n in_o those_o place_n where_o there_o be_v little_a rain_n as_o in_o the_o more_o inward_a part_n of_o africa_n there_o be_v few_o spring_n but_o these_o allegation_n resolve_v not_o the_o question_n because_o we_o be_v not_o to_o demand_v or_o seek_v the_o original_a of_o river_n but_o only_o the_o original_a of_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n therefore_o those_o that_o speak_v thus_o have_v not_o well_o consider_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o question_n as_o we_o have_v take_v notice_n before_o although_o also_o the_o experience_n that_o they_o allege_v be_v not_o general_a because_o that_o there_o be_v river_n find_v in_o place_n where_o there_o be_v little_a rain_n and_o no_o snow_n although_o it_o be_v true_a in_o the_o region_n of_o peru_n and_o egypt_n which_o they_o assert_v moreover_o rain_n moisten_v not_o the_o earth_n above_o ten_o foot_n deep_a but_o fountain_n spring_v from_o a_o far_o great_a profundity_n seneca_n the_o opinion_n of_o seneca_n 2._o other_o suppose_v that_o we_o shall_v not_o demand_v whence_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n do_v arise_v by_o reason_n that_o water_n be_v a_o element_n as_o much_o as_o earth_n air_n and_o fire_n concern_v the_o original_a of_o which_o we_o do_v not_o dispute_v thus_o seneca_n discourse_v but_o other_o author_n cut_v in_o twain_o this_o gordian_a knot_n with_o the_o sword_n of_o alexander_n for_o it_o be_v not_o inquire_v after_o how_o that_o water_n have_v a_o be_v but_o how_o it_o come_v to_o the_o place_n of_o fountain_n and_o not_o to_o other_o place_n moreover_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o so_o flow_v forward_o as_o river_n do_v but_o for_o the_o air_n it_o be_v false_a that_o we_o shall_v not_o seek_v concern_v it_o as_o they_o determine_v 3._o aristotelian_o follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o their_o master_n 11._o see_v aristotle_n lino_n 1._o chap._n 11._o who_o in_o the_o whole_a eleven_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n of_o meteor_n endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n be_v generate_v from_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n he_o allege_v these_o reason_n 1._o water_n be_v generate_v from_o air_n above_o the_o earth_n viz._n rain_n therefore_o see_v that_o air_n be_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o cause_n of_o condensation_n viz._n cold_a therefore_o he_o say_v it_o be_v absurd_a for_o any_o one_o to_o think_v that_o water_n be_v not_o produce_v from_o air_n there_o 2._o experience_n testify_v that_o more_o great_a drop_n that_o fall_v be_v make_v of_o small_a one_o and_o therefore_o the_o original_a of_o river_n must_v be_v as_o it_o be_v certain_a brook_n of_o water_n that_o meet_v in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o therefore_o those_o that_o make_v aqueduct_n be_v wont_a to_o bring_v the_o water_n down_o by_o trench_n and_o small_a channel_n 3._o because_o that_o many_o spring_n and_o those_o of_o the_o great_a river_n be_v find_v in_o mountainous_a place_n very_o few_o in_o plain_n or_o valley_n which_o be_v a_o evidence_n that_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n proceed_v from_o a_o condense_a air_n or_o vapour_n which_o air_n and_o vapour_n tend_v towards_o high_a place_n and_o mountainous_a place_n be_v as_o it_o be_v sponge_n incumb_a over_o low_a place_n those_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o aristotle_n cardanus_n the_o opinion_n of_o cardanus_n 4._o cardanus_n with_o other_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n proceed_v from_o rivulet_n which_o be_v generate_v of_o watery_a vapour_n condense_v both_o within_o and_o without_o the_o earth_n but_o that_o these_o fountain_n alone_o scarce_o make_v up_o river_n unless_o assist_v by_o rain_n or_o dissolve_v snow_n his_o reason_n be_v these_o 1._o if_o betimes_o in_o the_o morning_n one_o view_v the_o mountain_n they_o will_v appear_v moist_a 2._o river_n overflow_v in_o the_o morning_n and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o by_o how_o much_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v more_o near_o the_o fountain_n but_o the_o perpetual_a and_o constant_a impetus_fw-la of_o the_o water_n bubble_v and_o leap_v from_o the_o spring_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o have_v its_o original_a from_o so_o weak_a and_o inconstant_a a_o cause_n neither_o do_v this_o opinion_n of_o cardanus_n much_o differ_v from_o that_o of_o aristotle_n but_o that_o aristotle_n place_v air_n with_o the_o generation_n cardanus_n vapour_n with_o the_o generation_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o spring_n and_o indeed_o small_a be_v the_o difference_n between_o air_n and_o vapour_n 5._o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n suppose_v rain_n to_o be_v coacervate_v within_o the_o earth_n in_o cavity_n and_o thence_o to_o break_v forth_o as_o from_o a_o mighty_a belly_n and_o that_o all_o river_n spring_v from_o one_o of_o they_o or_o from_o some_o other_o of_o they_o neither_o that_o there_o be_v any_o other_o water_n generate_v but_o what_o be_v collect_v in_o the_o winter_n month_n into_o those_o receptacle_n they_o suppose_v to_o evade_v into_o the_o multitude_n of_o these_o river_n and_o therefore_o that_o they_o flow_v more_o in_o the_o winter_n than_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o that_o some_o be_v continual_a and_o some_o not_z they_o add_v the_o same_o cause_n that_o we_o have_v lay_v down_o in_o the_o first_o opinion_n but_o aristotle_n receive_v this_o opinion_n because_o that_o more_o water_n in_o one_o year_n flow_v out_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n than_o the_o bulk_n of_o that_o whole_a part_n of_o earth_n or_o land_n 6._o of_o modern_a philosopher_n many_o as_o also_o of_o the_o ancient_n determine_v that_o the_o earth_n again_o receive_v whatsoever_o water_n flow_v out_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n into_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o a_o hide_a passage_n go_v under_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v beat_v in_o its_o passage_n through_o divers_a wind_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o strain_v through_o sand_n and_o chalk_n which_o remove_v its_o saltness_n and_o so_o pass_v into_o pure_a water_n i_o also_o defend_v this_o opinion_n and_o suppose_v it_o true_a yet_o so_o as_o not_o to_o exclude_v the_o cause_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o first_o and_o three_o place_n the_o reason_n be_v these_o 1._o because_o more_o than_o one_o thousand_o river_n exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o great_a of_o they_o in_o such_o a_o abundancy_n that_o that_o water_n which_o they_o send_v forth_o into_o the_o sea_n throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n exceed_v the_o whole_a earth_n as_o the_o river_n volga_n into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o also_o other_o river_n therefore_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o that_o water_n must_v be_v send_v forth_o into_o many_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n even_o to_o the_o fountain_n of_o river_n now_o if_o that_o this_o be_v not_o so_o we_o can_v not_o possible_o imagine_v how_o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v not_o be_v augment_v unto_o a_o immensity_n or_o why_o fountain_n shall_v not_o cease_v to_o send_v forth_o water_n neither_o may_v it_o be_v object_v that_o so_o many_o vapour_n be_v elevate_v from_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o water_n that_o the_o sea_n have_v receive_v from_o the_o river_n for_o first_o only_a rain_n make_v those_o vapour_n then_o again_o it_o be_v most_o false_a that_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o vapour_n shall_v be_v elevate_v from_o the_o sea_n as_o be_v generate_v from_o the_o water_n which_o flow_v from_o the_o river_n into_o the_o sea_n distant_a fountain_n the_o near_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_a than_o those_o far_a distant_a 2._o this_o opinion_n be_v prove_v from_o that_o to_o wit_n that_o the_o fountain_n near_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_n and_o brackish_a and_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v nigh_o to_o the_o sea_n by_o so_o much_o they_o be_v the_o more_o salt_n as_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n especial_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o choromaudel_n in_o india_n where_o no_o vine_n
latter_a or_o other_o extension_n shall_v be_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o globe_n because_o it_o be_v long_o than_o the_o former_a extension_n as_o return_v into_o itself_o and_o be_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o whole_a circle_n other_o render_v another_o cause_n of_o the_o appellation_n 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o lesser_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v know_v to_o the_o ancient_n from_o pole_n to_o pole_n the_o great_a from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n place_n concern_v the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o of_o place_n moreover_o in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n we_o may_v take_v any_o semipeniphery_n for_o the_o extension_n of_o latitude_n and_o his_o perpendicular_a for_o the_o extension_n of_o longitude_n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v do_v the_o same_o also_o on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o because_o it_o be_v better_a for_o memory_n if_o that_o the_o periphery_n be_v assume_v who_o bound_n or_o self_n those_o periphery_n before_o the_o other_o periphery_n which_o have_v somewhat_o peculiar_a in_o the_o superficies_n therefore_o in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o extension_n of_o latitude_n some_o one_o periphery_n be_v deserve_o take_v draw_v among_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o because_o no_o other_o periphery_n be_v perpendicular_a to_o this_o periphery_a which_o may_v pass_v together_o through_o its_o medium_fw-la except_o the_o line_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la therefore_o the_o aequator_fw-la itself_o must_v be_v take_v for_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o i_o think_v it_o be_v clear_o explain_v for_o what_o reason_n the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n between_o the_o pole_n be_v measure_v for_o longitude_n by_o the_o assume_v line_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la this_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v not_o be_v confound_v with_o the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o place_n or_o point_n in_o the_o earth_n therefore_o they_o be_v express_v by_o the_o same_o term_n because_o the_o latitude_n of_o place_n or_o point_n be_v take_v in_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o and_o be_v part_n of_o it_o but_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n or_o point_n be_v take_v in_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n viz._n in_o the_o aequator_fw-la itself_o and_o its_o parallel_n yet_o this_o be_v a_o improper_a acceptation_n of_o the_o term_n because_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n proper_o as_o have_v be_v say_v only_o agree_v to_o the_o figure_n and_o superficies_n but_o a_o point_n have_v neither_o latitude_n nor_o longitude_n and_o therefore_o this_o different_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n latitude_n and_o longitude_n aught_o to_o be_v observe_v because_o they_o be_v so_o frequent_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o read_n of_o geographer_n viz._n the_o use_n and_o acceptation_n otherwise_o when_o we_o say_v the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o france_n spain_n and_o the_o like_a because_o then_o the_o word_n be_v take_v in_o their_o proper_a signification_n for_o it_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o france_n or_o spain_n and_o so_o longitude_n then_o signify_v the_o outmost_a or_o long_a extension_n but_o latitude_n the_o short_a which_o acceptation_n do_v agree_v with_o that_o wherein_o we_o say_v before_o that_o so_o much_o latitude_n and_o so_o much_o longitude_n must_v be_v assign_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o signification_n be_v otherwise_o when_o we_o say_v the_o latitude_n or_o longitude_n of_o this_o place_n if_o by_o place_n we_o understand_v any_o point_n city_n or_o famous_a place_n because_o then_o latitude_n denote_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o longitude_n its_o distance_n from_o a_o certain_a meridian_n and_o indeed_o in_o my_o judgement_n for_o the_o avoid_n of_o confusion_n longitude_n the_o author_n judgement_n about_o the_o word_n latitude_n and_o longitude_n it_o be_v better_a to_o abstain_v from_o the_o use_n of_o these_o word_n longitude_n and_o latitude_n and_o to_o use_v these_o in_o their_o stead_n the_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o meridian_n but_o see_v that_o for_o so_o many_o age_n this_o have_v be_v receive_v therefore_o it_o will_v be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o abolish_v it_o wherefore_o in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n i_o shall_v also_o use_v the_o say_a term_n latitude_n and_o longitude_n moreover_o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n as_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n have_v some_o note_a point_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o numeration_n viz._n the_o pole_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n because_o it_o be_v extend_v about_o the_o whole_a earth_n have_v no_o certain_a beginning_n or_o end_n but_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n be_v every_o where_o because_o the_o periphery_n be_v like_a to_o a_o infinite_a line_n wherefore_o any_o point_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o meridian_n pass_v through_o that_o point_n for_o the_o first_o meridian_n from_o whence_o the_o meridian_n of_o all_o the_o point_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v number_v or_o the_o longitude_n of_o they_o calculate_v now_o why_o we_o require_v these_o two_o distance_n in_o every_o point_n of_o the_o earth_n viz._n one_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o other_o from_o a_o certain_a meridian_n shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o three_o proposition_n proposition_n ii_o to_o place_n and_o determinate_a the_o first_o meridian_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o numeration_n for_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n that_o every_o point_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o longitude_n 1._o see_v proposition_n 1._o and_o that_o from_o its_o meridian_n the_o longitude_n of_o place_n must_v be_v reckon_v but_o because_o we_o can_v take_v all_o at_o once_o it_o be_v better_a to_o fix_v one_o beginning_n or_o to_o choose_v some_o certain_a point_n but_o that_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o choice_n of_o person_n therefore_o geographer_n have_v take_v a_o certain_a place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o the_o first_o meridian_n shall_v be_v draw_v and_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la where_o it_o cut_v it_o this_o beginning_n of_o reckon_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n but_o all_o have_v not_o take_v the_o same_o place_n for_o the_o first_o meridian_n but_o divers_a ptolemy_n have_v take_v that_o near_a to_o the_o fortunate_a island_n which_o he_o remove_v but_o only_o one_o deg_fw-la from_o the_o first_o and_o hence_o towards_o the_o oriental_a quarter_n through_o africa_n and_o asia_n he_o reckon_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o meridian_n ptolemy_n the_o longitude_n of_o place_n where_o begin_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o longitude_n of_o place_n for_o see_v it_o be_v less_o free_a to_o place_v a_o beginning_n the_o ancient_n choose_v rather_o to_o have_v a_o account_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o they_o know_v be_v inhabit_v which_o portion_n do_v not_o return_v into_o itself_o as_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o in_o that_o portion_n or_o part_n a_o beginning_n of_o longitude_n and_o end_n may_v be_v assign_v in_o another_o point_n because_o therefore_o in_o the_o time_n of_o ptolemy_n the_o fortunate_a isle_n where_o the_o ultimate_a one_o in_o the_o occidental_a quarter_n of_o all_o the_o earth_n or_o land_n then_o know_v therefore_o from_o that_o bound_n ptolemy_n begin_v to_o reckon_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o have_v go_v forward_o to_o the_o oriental_a region_n he_o make_v the_o end_n of_o his_o numeration_n of_o the_o meridian_n in_o sina_n the_o ultimate_a shoar_n of_o asia_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n many_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v to_o be_v inhabit_a towards_o the_o occid_n and_o america_n be_v discover_v than_o some_o geographer_n promote_v the_o beginning_n of_o numeration_n of_o longitude_n towards_o the_o occid_n for_o some_o make_v the_o first_o meridian_n at_o the_o isle_n of_o st._n nicholas_n adjacent_a to_o cape_n verd_fw-mi in_o africa_n but_o hondius_n choose_v the_o isle_n of_o st._n james_n in_o his_o map_n other_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n where_o begin_v by_o hondius_n mercator_n and_o other_o some_o choose_v the_o meridian_n of_o one_o of_o the_o island_n of_o the_o azore_n which_o be_v call_v del_n corvo_n for_o the_o first_o meridian_n because_o that_o in_o this_o isle_n and_o the_o adjoin_a sea_n the_o magnetic_a needle_n be_v find_v to_o have_v no_o declination_n from_o the_o meridian_n line_n and_o that_o it_o show_v the_o northern_a and_o southern_a quarter_n mercator_n
saturday_n maxfield_n maxfield_n maxfield_n or_o macclesfield_n seat_v near_o a_o forest_n so_o call_v a_o very_a fair_a and_o large_a town_n grace_v with_o a_o goodly_a church_n which_o have_v a_o high_a spire_n steeple_n adjoin_v to_o which_o be_v a_o college_n the_o inhabitant_n drive_v a_o great_a trade_n in_o make_v of_o button_n and_o its_o market_n which_o be_v on_o mondays_n be_v well_o serve_v with_o corn_n provision_n etc._n etc._n describe_v cornwall_n describe_v cornwall_n encompass_v on_o all_o part_n except_o on_o the_o east_n by_o devonshire_n with_o the_o sea_n which_o thrust_v forth_o its_o several_a arm_n and_o receive_v those_o many_o river_n which_o plentiful_o water_v the_o county_n as_o the_o foy_n newton_n dranes_n lo_o â—â—nla_o seaton_n 'loo_o liner_n tavy_n and_o tame_a it_o be_v of_o a_o sharp_a but_o healthful_a air_n general_o very_o hilly_a consist_v ordinary_o of_o rock_n and_o shelf_n but_o crust_v over_o with_o a_o shallow_a earth_n and_o more_o inoline_v to_o sterility_n than_o sertility_n but_o the_o part_n towards_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o enclosure_n about_o the_o town_n through_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o husbandman_n be_v more_o sertil_a bear_v good_a crop_n and_o feed_v store_n of_o cattle_n it_o afford_v great_a store_n of_o game_n both_o for_o the_o hawk_n and_o hound_n and_o its_o sea_n and_o river_n plenty_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o fish_n and_o fowl_n as_o well_o those_o common_a to_o other_o county_n as_o appropriate_v to_o themselves_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v quarry_n of_o sundry_a sort_n of_o useful_a stone_n and_o slate_n for_o building_n also_o copper_n precious_a stone_n call_v cornish_a diamond_n but_o chief_o tin_n which_o be_v here_o find_v in_o great_a plenty_n to_o the_o great_a inrichment_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o as_o to_o their_o name_n and_o language_n hold_v great_a affinity_n with_o the_o welsh_a the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v know_v to_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o danmonti_n and_o become_v afterward_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n this_o county_n be_v sever_v into_o 9_o hundred_o in_o which_o be_v number_v 161_o parish_n church_n and_o have_v intercourse_n of_o traffic_n with_o 23_o market_n to_n launston_n seat_v on_o a_o eminency_n and_o on_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o tame_a launston_n launston_n a_o large_a town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o a_o major_n and_o his_o brethren_n and_o among_o other_o immunity_n elect_v parliament_n man_n it_o be_v a_o place_n well_o inhabit_v enjoy_v a_o good_a trade_n and_o the_o more_o as_o be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o assize_n be_v hold_v and_o it_o be_v market_n which_o be_v on_o saturday_n be_v well_o serve_v with_o provision_n adâ—oyning_v to_o this_o town_n be_v a_o ancient_a castle_n seat_v on_o a_o great_a eminency_n and_o encompass_v at_o the_o top_n with_o a_o treble_a wall_n where_o there_o be_v a_o college_n of_o canon_n and_o secular_a priest_n the_o low_a part_n now_o comprise_v a_o decay_a chapel_n a_o large_a hall_n and_o a_o place_n make_v use_v of_o for_o the_o common_a goal_n liskerd_fw-mi a_o town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o a_o major_n 8_o magistrate_n liskerd_n liskerd_n a_o recorder_n and_o other_o sub-officer_n elect_v parliament_n man_n have_v a_o eminent_a free_a school_n and_o be_v a_o large_a well_o inhabit_v and_o frequent_v town_n who_o market_n on_o saturdays_n be_v well_o serve_v with_o corn_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o provision_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n drive_v a_o considerable_a trade_n for_o tarn_n every_o market-day_n bodman_n seat_v in_o a_o bottom_n between_o two_o high_a hill_n bodman_n bodman_n which_o render_v it_o not_o very_o healthful_a especial_o to_o new_a comer_n it_o be_v large_a a_o indifferent_a well_o build_v and_o inhabit_v town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o a_o major_n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n and_o have_v a_o great_a market_n on_o saturdays_n for_o corn_n and_o provision_n listhyel_fw-mi or_o listwithiel_n seat_v on_o the_o foy_n not_o far_o from_o its_o fall_n into_o foyhaven_n listhyel_n listhyel_n which_o former_o bring_v up_o vessel_n to_o the_o town_n but_o its_o channel_n be_v choke_v up_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o tin-mine_n be_v a_o great_a obstruction_n to_o its_o trade_n it_o be_v a_o town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o a_o major_n and_o his_o brethren_n elect_v parliament_n man_n have_v its_o part_n in_o the_o coinage_n of_o the_o tin_n but_o the_o goal_n for_o the_o whole_a stannery_n and_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o court_n be_v only_o here_o keep_v and_o have_v a_o small_a market_n on_o friday_n foy_fw-fr so_o call_v from_o its_o haven_n or_o arm_v of_o the_o sea_n on_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v foy_n foy_n be_v strong_o fortify_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o haven_n with_o blockhouse_n and_o in_o time_n past_a be_v a_o place_n very_o considerable_a for_o ship_n and_o traffic_n its_o market_n which_o be_v on_o saturday_n be_v very_o serve_v with_o corn_n and_o provision_n west-looe_a seat_v on_o a_o navigable_a creek_n over_o which_o it_o have_v a_o fair_a bridge_n west-loot_a west-loot_a which_o lead_v to_o east-looe_a more_o commodious_o seat_v where_o there_o be_v a_o indifferent_a good_a market_n on_o saturday_n they_o be_v both_o town_n corporate_a and_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n the_o chief_a benefit_n arise_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o town_n be_v their_o fish_n saltash_n seat_v on_o the_o descent_n of_o a_o steep_a hill_n a_o pretty_a large_a town_n corporate_a saltash_n saltash_n consist_v of_o 3_o street_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o major_n and_o 9_o alderman_n enjoy_v large_a immunity_n and_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n it_o be_v market_n be_v on_o saturday_n which_o of_o late_o be_v much_o decay_v to_o what_o it_o be_v â—oditoâ—_n 〈…〉_o â—oditoâ—_n yet_o its_o inhabitant_n gain_v well_o by_o their_o malt_n and_o good_a beer_n not_o far_o from_o this_o town_n be_v trematon_n castle_n once_o a_o place_n of_o great_a note_n in_o which_o be_v keep_v the_o trematon_n court_n wherein_o all_o cause_n within_o â—he_n say_v fee_n be_v try_v as_o also_o the_o prison_n padstow_n padstow_n padstow_n a_o seaport_n town_n of_o some_o trade_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o commodious_a situation_n with_o ireland_n and_o be_v its_o haven_n secure_a it_o will_v be_v of_o great_a account_n it_o be_v a_o borough_n town_n elect_v parliament_n man_n and_o have_v a_o good_a market_n for_o corn_n and_o provision_n on_o saturday_n falmouth_n falmouth_n falmouth_n at_o present_a a_o very_a large_a and_o well_o inhabit_v town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o major_n and_o sub_fw-la officer_n enjoy_v a_o good_a trade_n be_v well_o resort_v unto_o by_o ship_n where_o there_o be_v a_o key_n intend_v short_o to_o be_v build_v and_o have_v a_o very_a considerable_a market_n for_o corn_n and_o provision_n on_o thursdays_n the_o haven_n whereon_o this_o town_n be_v seat_v and_o bear_v its_o name_n be_v very_o commodious_a for_o ship_n and_o so_o capacious_a that_o 100_o sail_n of_o ship_n may_v safe_o ride_v at_o anchor_n and_o this_o haven_n with_o those_o of_o milford_n and_o plymouth_n be_v the_o chief_a in_o the_o kingdom_n on_o the_o west_n side_n and_o at_o the_o very_a entrance_n of_o this_o haven_n be_v pendennis_n castle_n seat_v on_o a_o hill_n so_o call_v and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n but_o of_o a_o low_a situation_n be_v st._n moze_n or_o maudit_fw-la both_o which_o be_v a_o great_a security_n to_o the_o coast_n and_o haven_n truro_n truro_n truro_n seat_v on_o a_o branch_n of_o falmouth_n haven_n at_o present_a the_o head_n town_n in_o the_o county_n be_v a_o fair_a large_a well_o inhabit_v and_o trade_a borough_n town_n privilege_v with_o a_o majoralty_n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n have_v the_o coinage_n of_o the_o tin_n be_v a_o place_n where_o the_o western_a session_n be_v hold_v and_o its_o market_n on_o wednesday_n and_o saturday_n be_v well_o serve_v with_o provision_n etc._n etc._n penrin_n penrin_n penrin_n seat_v also_o on_o a_o creek_n of_o falmouth-haven_n a_o very_a considerable_a toâ—en_o corporate_a elect_v parliament_n man_n and_o have_v weekly_o 3_o market_n viz._n on_o wednesdays_n friday_n and_o saturday_n for_o corn_n and_o on_o saturday_n for_o provision_n helston_n helston_n helston_n seat_v on_o the_o low_a between_o which_o and_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v a_o great_a breach_n or_o bar_v of_o sand._n it_o be_v a_o well_o inhabit_v and_o frequent_v town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o a_o major_n and_o alderman_n elect_v parliament_n man_n and_o its_o market_n on_o saturdays_n be_v well_o serve_v with_o provision_n and_o the_o two_o market_n before_o christmas_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o may_v be_v reckon_v as_o fair_n near_o this_o town_n be_v godolphin-hill_n well_o know_v for_o its_o rich_a tin_n mine_n penzance_n penzance_n penzance_n seat_v on_o monts-bay_n and_o in_o a_o
church_n and_o a_o bulky_a tall_a steeple_n on_o a_o hill_n describe_v county_n of_o surrey_n describe_v surrey_n a_o county_n of_o a_o different_a soil_n not_o over_o fertile_a especial_o in_o the_o midst_n yet_o the_o part_n near_o the_o thames_n which_o be_v plain_a and_o champain_n be_v grateful_a to_o the_o husbandman_n and_o the_o part_n call_v holmesdale_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o aspire_a hill_n rivers_n park_n meadow_n grove_n and_o field_n be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a delight_n the_o air_n be_v very_o healthful_a it_o be_v garnish_v with_o the_o seat_n of_o several_a gentleman_n and_o be_v better_a store_v with_o game_n than_o grain_n here_o be_v seat_v 140_o parish_n church_n and_o have_v the_o accommodation_n of_o 9_o market_n to_n southwark_n or_o the_o borough_n of_o southwark_n southwark_n southwark_n on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o thames_n opposite_a to_o the_o city_n of_o london_n to_o which_o it_o be_v join_v by_o a_o stately_a stone-bridge_n and_o be_v a_o member_n thereof_o be_v annex_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o six_o but_o do_v still_o enjoy_v several_a of_o its_o ancient_a privilege_n as_o elect_v burgess_n hold_v of_o court_n within_o themselves_o etc._n etc._n it_o be_v a_o place_n which_o for_o largeness_n of_o good_a building_n and_o quantity_n of_o inhabitant_n may_v be_v range_v with_o city_n enjoy_v a_o good_a trade_n and_o be_v well_o resort_v unto_o croyden_n seat_v low_o near_o the_o springhead_n of_o the_o river_n wandle_n croyden_n croyden_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n begird_v with_o aspire_a hill_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v well_o clothe_v with_o wood_n of_o which_o great_a store_n of_o charcoal_n be_v make_v for_o which_o this_o place_n be_v of_o note_n it_o be_v a_o large_a town_n dignify_v with_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n be_v beautify_v with_o a_o large_a and_o fair_a church_n have_v a_o hospital_n for_o the_o relief_n of_o poor_a people_n and_o a_o free-school_n for_o the_o education_n of_o youth_n the_o town_n be_v large_a its_o house_n well_o build_v and_o its_o market_n which_o be_v on_o saturday_n be_v considerable_a and_o well_o serve_v with_o corn_n and_o provision_n from_o this_o town_n to_o farnham_n run_v the_o down_n call_v banstead-down_n which_o afford_v great_a diversion_n for_o hawk_v hunt_v and_o horserace_n kingston_n a_o large_a and_o ancient_a town_n corporate_a kingston_n kingston_n enjoy_v large_a immunity_n and_o be_v of_o chief_a note_n for_o be_v the_o place_n where_o upon_o a_o stage_n in_o the_o open_a marketplace_n stand_v the_o chair_n of_o majesty_n where_o aethelstan_n ethelred_n and_o edwin_n be_v crown_v king_n and_o receive_v their_o imperial_a sceptre_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v say_v the_o town_n take_v its_o name_n be_v before_o call_v moreford_n it_o be_v pleasant_o seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o thames_n over_o which_o it_o have_v a_o fair_a bridge_n which_o lead_v to_o kingstonwick_n in_o middlesex_n about_o a_o mile_n from_o hampton-court_n the_o palace_n of_o his_o majesty_n its_o house_n be_v well_o build_v and_o have_v several_a inn_n and_o tavern_n it_o be_v the_o usual_a place_n for_o the_o assize_n and_o its_o market_n on_o saturdays_n be_v very_o considerable_a for_o corn_n and_o provision_n reygate_n seat_v in_o the_o vale_n of_o homes_n dale_n reygate_n reygate_n of_o note_n for_o its_o bloody_a battle_n here_o seek_v against_o the_o dane_n in_o which_o they_o be_v vanquish_v and_o also_o for_o its_o ancient_a but_o ruinate_a castle_n where_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o large_a court_n there_o be_v a_o vault_n of_o a_o great_a depth_n and_o length_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o be_v a_o spacious_a room_n where_o according_a to_o report_n the_o baron_n meet_v in_o council_n in_o their_o war_n against_o king_n john_n here_o be_v fullers-earth_n dig_v up_o in_o great_a plenty_n it_o be_v a_o large_a borough_n town_n which_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n and_o have_v a_o very_a considerable_a market_n on_o tuesdays_n be_v well_o serve_v with_o corn_n and_o provision_n not_o far_o from_o this_o town_n be_v blechingley_n and_o gatton_n two_o ancient_a borough_n town_n which_o elect_v parliament_n man_n once_o place_n of_o good_a account_n especial_o gatton_n guildford_n no_o less_o pleasant_o than_o commodious_o seat_v on_o the_o river_n wey_n guildford_n guildford_n which_o be_v navigable_a for_o barge_n very_o commodious_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o the_o conveyance_n of_o their_o good_n by_o water_n to_o london_n it_o be_v a_o ancient_a borough_n town_n govern_v by_o a_o major_n and_o other_o sub-officer_n have_v the_o election_n of_o parliament_n man_n and_o be_v a_o place_n of_o a_o large_a extent_n when_o the_o english-saxon_a king_n have_v their_o palace_n here_o than_o now_o it_o be_v yet_o be_v it_o a_o fair_a neat_a well_o build_v and_o large_a town_n contain_v three_o parish_n church_n one_o of_o which_o be_v a_o fair_a structure_n it_o be_v a_o place_n well_o inhabit_v and_o frequent_v where_o the_o assize_n be_v oft_o keep_v and_o as_o seat_v on_o a_o high-road_n be_v well_o furnish_v with_o inn_n and_o tavern_n for_o the_o reception_n of_o traveller_n and_o its_o market_n which_o be_v on_o saturday_n be_v of_o good_a account_n and_o well_o serve_v with_o corn_n and_o provision_n farnham_n farnham_n farnham_n say_v to_o be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o great_a store_n of_o fern_n here_o grow_v it_o be_v a_o good_a town_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n wey_n of_o note_n for_o be_v the_o place_n where_o king_n elfred_n with_o a_o small_a power_n subdue_v the_o dane_n with_o a_o great_a slaughter_n and_o for_o its_o spacious_a castle_n high_o seat_v it_o have_v a_o great_a market_n on_o saturdays_n for_o all_o provision_n but_o chief_o oat_n and_o barley_n describe_v county_n of_o sussex_n describe_v sussex_n a_o large_a county_n in_o form_n long_o and_o narrow_a which_o with_o its_o extent_n bound_n division_n into_o rape_n situation_n etc._n etc._n may_v appear_v by_o the_o table_n the_o air_n though_o cloud_v with_o mist_n and_o thick_a vapour_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o sea_n yet_o be_v it_o good_a and_o healthful_a it_o be_v well_o water_v with_o rivers_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n which_o wash_v its_o southern_a part_n and_o although_o its_o sea-coast_n be_v of_o so_o large_a a_o extent_n yet_o it_o be_v but_o thin_a of_o harbour_n and_o those_o not_o very_o good_a be_v dangerous_a for_o entrance_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o rock_n and_o shelf_n the_o soil_n be_v fertile_a the_o sea-coast_n call_v the_o down_n be_v hilly_a but_o very_o pleasant_a and_o feed_v good_a store_n of_o cattle_n the_o north-part_n be_v overshadow_a with_o wood_n and_o grove_n where_o in_o time_n past_a be_v that_o famous_a wood_n andradswald_n be_v about_o 120_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o 20_o in_o breadth_n and_o in_o these_o part_n be_v many_o iron-mine_n the_o commodity_n that_o this_o county_n afford_v be_v iron_n unwrought_a and_o wrought_v into_o gun_n etc._n etc._n corn_n cattle_n sheep_n wool_n and_o wood._n this_o county_n be_v sever_v into_o 6_o rape_n all_o which_o traverse_v the_o shire_n and_o have_v each_o of_o they_o their_o particular_a river_n forest_n and_o castle_n and_o in_o these_o rape_n be_v 65_o hundred_o in_o which_o be_v number_v 312_o parish_n church_n and_o be_v trade_v unto_o by_o 16_o market_n to_n in_o chichester_n rape_n be_v 7_o hundred_o and_o its_o chief_a place_n be_v chichester_n chichester_n chichester_n seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o levant_n which_o at_o a_o small_a distance_n fall_v into_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v a_o indifferent_a large_a city_n contain_v 5_o or_o 6_o parish_n church_n beside_o its_o cathedral_n it_o be_v grace_v with_o good_a building_n and_o spacious_a street_n especial_o the_o 4_o which_o lead_v from_o the_o 4_o gate_n of_o its_o wall_n and_o cross_v one_o another_o at_o the_o marketplace_n which_o be_v a_o fair_a stone-building_n sustain_v with_o stone-pillar_n it_o be_v dignify_v with_o a_o episcopal_n see_v and_o seat_n of_o a_o bishop_n it_o be_v a_o city_n endow_v with_o many_o privilege_n elect_v parliament_n man_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o major_n alderman_n recorder_n with_o sub-officer_n be_v a_o place_n of_o pretty_a good_a trade_n and_o its_o market_n on_o wednesday_n and_o saturday_n be_v well_o provide_v with_o corn_n cattle_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o provision_n both_o flesh_n fish_n and_o fowl_n nigh_o unto_o this_o city_n be_v selsey-isle_n or_o rather_o a_o peninsula_n as_o be_v almost_o encompass_v with_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o arm_n and_o branch_n at_o present_a of_o chief_a note_n for_o its_o cockle_n and_o lobster_n here_o take_v in_o great_a plenty_n but_o in_o former_a time_n be_v of_o note_n for_o its_o city_n so_o call_v now_o devour_v by_o the_o sea_n where_o there_o be_v a_o episcopal_n see_v which_o afterward_o
india_n he_o place_v it_o between_o the_o river_n of_o jiama_n and_o of_o caypoumo_n or_o pegu_n give_v it_o four_o league_n circuit_n and_o make_v it_o metropolis_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o caypoumo_n which_o be_v likewise_o call_v canarana_n this_o country_n have_v turquess_n and_o emerald_n the_o fair_a of_o all_o the_o east_n cassubi_n be_v in_o a_o plain_a bound_v with_o high_a hill_n from_o whence_o descend_v many_o stream_n which_o water_n the_o plain_a where_o there_o be_v excellent_a fruit_n among_o the_o rest_n pomegranate_n the_o large_a and_o best_a of_o india_n excellent_a raisin_n and_o manna_n which_o must_v be_v gather_v before_o sun-rise_n which_o else_o dispatch_v it_o their_o mountain_n be_v fill_v with_o savage_a beast_n where_o they_o get_v the_o skin_n and_o fur_n of_o ermine_n and_o sable_n of_o divers_a sort_n all_o very_a exquisite_a the_o people_n of_o transiana_n be_v fair_a and_o white_a the_o woman_n exceed_v beautiful_a and_o the_o man_n very_o proud_a they_o have_v mine_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o diamond_n their_o king_n keep_v ordinary_o 50000_o horse_n 1000_o elephant_n and_o pay_v his_o tribute_n to_o the_o king_n of_o pegu_n in_o horse_n which_o be_v very_o excellent_a their_o forest_n have_v many_o wild_a beast_n among_o the_o rest_n that_o which_o give_v the_o bezoar_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o boldia_n be_v esteem_v the_o most_o honest_a and_o civil_a of_o all_o these_o quarter_n so_o that_o they_o can_v but_o be_v people_n of_o trade_n and_o indeed_o all_o these_o kingdom_n have_v divers_a commodity_n which_o make_v they_o rich_a stone_n pegu_n exceed_v rich_a in_o gold_n silver_n and_o precious_a stone_n the_o kingdom_n of_o pegu_n which_o have_v command_v and_o have_v for_o subject_n or_o tributary_n almost_o all_o these_o estate_n and_o likewise_o other_o towards_o sian_a and_o sian_n itself_o can_v but_o be_v extreme_o rich_a and_o powerful_a and_o true_o gold_n silver_n pearl_n and_o precious_a stone_n have_v be_v as_o common_a in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n of_o pegu_n as_o if_o all_o the_o orient_a have_v bring_v all_o its_o riches_n thither_o the_o floor_n of_o building_n the_o movable_n and_o the_o vessel_n with_o which_o they_o serve_v themselves_o for_o divertisement_n be_v so_o enrich_v within_o and_o without_o with_o gold_n and_o azure_a that_o it_o be_v not_o imaginable_a if_o we_o do_v not_o know_v this_o to_o be_v the_o aurea_fw-la regio_fw-la and_o likewise_o the_o argentea_n regio_n of_o ptolemy_n yet_o this_o must_v be_v believe_v to_o have_v be_v long_o since_o but_o however_o that_o it_o be_v at_o present_a the_o rich_a country_n of_o all_o the_o indies_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n one_o of_o the_o best_a people_v and_o most_o powerful_a commodity_n it_o be_v fertility_n and_o commodity_n this_o country_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o overflow_a of_o the_o river_n pegu_n which_o run_v through_o the_o kingdom_n make_v it_o become_v exceed_o fruitful_a and_o of_o a_o fat_a and_o rich_a soil_n so_o that_o it_o produce_v great_a abundance_n of_o grain_n fruit_n and_o other_o product_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o great_a plenty_n also_o beast_n fowl_n and_o fish_n great_a store_n of_o civet-cat_n from_o who_o they_o take_v civet_n lacque_fw-la which_o be_v make_v by_o aunt_n as_o bee_n make_v wax_n with_o we_o gold_n silver_n precious_a stone_n drug_n spice_n lead_v sugar_n etc._n etc._n this_o kingdom_n have_v plenty_n of_o good_a town_n and_o city_n describe_v the_o city_n of_o pegu_n the_o chief_a of_o the_o kingdom_n describe_v its_o metropolis_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o old_a and_o the_o new_a the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o together_o make_v a_o square_a be_v encompass_v with_o a_o strong_a wall_n and_o a_o great_a ditch_n well_o fortify_v have_v on_o each_o side_n five_o gate_n beside_o many_o turret_n rich_o beautify_v it_o be_v large_a strong_a rich_a and_o stately_a the_o king_n and_o his_o nobility_n and_o courtier_n take_v up_o the_o new_a city_n which_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o old_a by_o a_o wall_n and_o ditch_n well_o water_v in_o which_o be_v keep_v many_o crocodile_n for_o the_o watch_v the_o place_n by_o night_n the_o wall_n have_v several_a gate_n on_o all_o side_n for_o the_o convenience_n of_o the_o people_n to_o pass_v in_o and_o out_o the_o street_n be_v very_o fair_a straight_o and_o so_o broad_a that_o fifteen_o man_n may_v ride_v abreast_n on_o both_o side_n the_o house_n well_o build_v have_v before_o every_o door_n palm-tree_n which_o be_v set_v not_o only_o to_o make_v a_o pleasant_a show_n but_o also_o to_o keep_v the_o passenger_n from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v very_o great_a royal._n the_o palace_n royal._n the_o palace_n royal_a be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o city_n have_v its_o particular_a wall_n moat_n and_o other_o fortification_n the_o palace_n be_v very_o stately_a and_o large_a the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o building_n be_v sustain_v by_o pillar_n of_o jet_n and_o all_o the_o stone_n so_o shine_v that_o those_o which_o be_v without_o represent_v the_o neighbour_a garden_n and_o forest_n and_o those_o which_o be_v within_o the_o pave_v chamber_n other_o room_n and_o the_o ceiling_n above_o so_o well_o that_o one_o seem_v to_o walk_v on_o gold_n and_o azure_a nor_o do_v this_o his_o stately_a palace_n exceed_v his_o magnificence_n and_o pomp_n without_o which_o he_o be_v never_o so_o much_o as_o see_v the_o old_a city_n be_v inhabit_v only_o by_o merchant_n artificer_n and_o seaman_n where_o there_o be_v great_a store_n of_o warehouse_n strong_o build_v of_o brick_n to_o prevent_v fire_n which_o the_o city_n be_v much_o subject_n unto_o in_o which_o the_o merchant_n keep_v their_o good_n and_o for_o the_o better_a increase_n of_o trade_n the_o king_n do_v constitute_v eight_o broker_n who_o office_n be_v to_o look_v after_o and_o sell_v the_o good_n as_o well_o of_o stranger_n as_o the_o inhabitant_n give_v a_o very_a just_a account_n thereof_o for_o which_o they_o be_v allow_v two_o penny_n per_fw-la cent._n the_o like_a be_v observe_v in_o the_o buy_n of_o commodity_n and_o these_o broker_n by_o their_o place_n be_v oblige_v to_o provide_v stranger_n or_o merchant_n with_o a_o house_n and_o order_n certain_a maid_n of_o the_o city_n to_o go_v to_o he_o that_o out_o of_o they_o he_o may_v make_v his_o choice_n which_o do_v he_o contract_v with_o her_o friend_n to_o pay_v they_o a_o certain_a sum_n for_o the_o use_n of_o she_o as_o they_o can_v agree_v which_o be_v not_o great_a and_o this_o maid_n serve_v he_o as_o his_o servant_n by_o day_n do_v what_o he_o command_v and_o as_o his_o wife_n by_o night_n and_o at_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o term_n agree_v upon_o he_o leave_v she_o and_o she_o go_v to_o her_o friend_n without_o any_o disgrace_n at_o all_o the_o people_n be_v of_o a_o mean_a stature_n habit._n the_o people_n their_o habit._n nimble_a and_o strong_a great_a lover_n of_o woman_n which_o take_v they_o from_o warlike_a affair_n in_o which_o they_o be_v not_o very_o expert_a their_o habit_n be_v but_o mean_a content_v themselves_o for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o linen_n to_o cover_v their_o nakedness_n they_o all_o black_a their_o tooth_n because_o they_o say_v dog_n tooth_n be_v white_a they_o be_v general_o all_o pagan_n belief_n their_o belief_n and_o believe_v that_o god_n have_v under_o he_o several_a other_o god_n that_o he_o be_v the_o author_n of_o all_o good_a which_o arrive_v to_o mankind_n but_o he_o leave_v all_o evil_n which_o belong_v to_o man_n to_o the_o devil_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o they_o so_o much_o adore_v and_o fear_v he_o lest_o he_o shall_v hurt_v they_o which_o god_n be_v good_a they_o say_v will_v not_o their_o devotion_n they_o perform_v on_o munday_n their_o priest_n go_v about_o with_o tin-bason_n make_v a_o noise_n to_o waken_v the_o people_n and_o invite_v they_o to_o their_o devotion_n in_o which_o they_o chief_o exhort_v they_o to_o morality_n as_o to_o avoid_v theft_n adultery_n murder_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o love_v virtue_n they_o have_v a_o great_a esteem_n for_o their_o priest_n who_o live_v a_o very_a solitary_a and_o exemplary_a life_n they_o have_v five_o principal_a feast_n which_o they_o observe_v very_o strict_o ceremonious_o and_o with_o greast_n state_n and_o pomp_n life_n marriage_n not_o keep_v during_o life_n they_o that_o marry_v buy_v their_o wife_n of_o their_o parent_n and_o when_o he_o be_v weary_a of_o she_o he_o may_v send_v she_o home_o but_o must_v lose_v the_o money_n he_o pay_v for_o she_o but_o if_o she_o leave_v he_o as_o she_o may_v do_v than_o he_o may_v receive_v the_o money_n pay_v for_o she_o sian_n or_o siam_n part_n kingdom_n of_o sian_n its_o part_n the_o kingdom_n of_o sian_n
body_n and_o call_v the_o isle_n of_o japan_n those_o which_o be_v on_o the_o east_n of_o china_n the_o philippine_n isle_n those_o which_o be_v likewise_o on_o the_o south_n east_n of_o china_n the_o isle_n of_o the_o moluccoe_n those_o which_o be_v to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o philippines_n the_o isle_n of_o the_o sound_n those_o which_o be_v to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o moluccoe_n and_o i_o put_v for_o the_o five_o ceylan_n and_o the_o maldives_n which_o be_v east_n and_o southeast_n from_o cape_n comori_fw-la the_o utmost_a point_n of_o malabar_n there_o be_v moreover_o many_o isle_n which_o belong_v to_o asia_n but_o not_o to_o compare_v with_o these_o of_o which_o we_o shall_v also_o speak_v a_o word_n as_o occasion_n offer_v the_o isle_n of_o japan_n be_v on_o this_o side_n the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n the_o philippines_n between_o the_o tropic_a and_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n the_o moluccoe_n the_o isle_n of_o the_o sound_n and_o the_o maldives_n be_v about_o this_o line_n return_v from_o east_n to_o west_n the_o isle_n of_o japan_n or_o japon_n japan_n the_o isle_n of_o japan_n we_o call_v the_o isle_n or_o isle_n of_o japan_n a_o certain_a multitude_n of_o isle_n and_o of_o different_a bigness_n which_o be_v on_o the_o east_n of_o china_n distant_a from_o it_o about_o 100_o league_n and_o so_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o most_o oriental_a part_n of_o our_o continent_n they_o stretch_v together_o in_o length_n about_o 300_o league_n from_o west_n to_o east_n and_o from_o south_n to_o north_n 40_o 50_o 60_o and_o sometime_o 100_o league_n in_o breadth_n among_o these_o isle_n there_o be_v 3_o very_a considerable_a the_o first_o and_o which_o be_v much_o great_a than_o the_o two_o other_o be_v call_v by_o we_o japan_n or_o japon_n by_o its_o inhabitant_n hippon_n or_o niphon_n which_o signify_v the_o spring_n of_o light_n or_o of_o the_o sun_n a_o name_n proper_a for_o it_o since_o it_o lie_v to_o the_o east_n and_o sunrising_n of_o all_o asia_n and_o of_o all_o our_o continent_n the_o second_o be_v call_v ximo_n that_o be_v a_o low_a country_n or_o saycock_n that_o that_o be_v nine_o kingdom_n the_o last_o tokoesi_n or_o xicoco_n that_o be_v four_o kingdom_n we_o must_v likewise_o make_v account_n that_o these_o three_o great_a isle_n be_v cut_v asunder_o by_o several_a channel_n which_o divide_v they_o into_o several_a isle_n but_o because_o these_o channel_n be_v very_o narrow_a these_o part_n be_v esteem_v piece_n contigious_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o other_o where_o the_o channel_n or_o rather_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o divide_v they_o be_v much_o large_a they_o have_v all_o those_o fruit_n tree_n herb_n and_o beast_n which_o we_o have_v in_o europe_n with_o several_a other_o not_o know_v among_o we_o as_o also_o abundance_n of_o several_a fowl_n both_o tame_a and_o wild_a the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v well_o clothe_v with_o wood_n and_o forest_n in_o which_o be_v find_v very_o lofty_a cedar_n and_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n store_v with_o divers_a metal_n as_o gold_n silver_n copper_n tin_n lead_v iron_n etc._n etc._n though_o not_o so_o good_a as_o in_o the_o indies_n except_o it_o be_v their_o silver_n which_o be_v excellent_a and_o abundant_a their_o pearl_n be_v great_a red_z and_o of_o no_o less_o esteem_n than_o the_o white_a one_o these_o with_o several_a manufacture_n which_o be_v herâ—_n make_v be_v the_o chief_a commodity_n of_o this_o island_n describe_v chief_z places_z meaco_n describe_v in_o this_o island_n be_v several_a city_n of_o some_o note_n as_o 1_o meaco_n seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o great_a isle_n of_o japan_n a_o fair_a and_o large_a city_n former_o 21_o mile_n in_o compass_n but_o now_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o war_n it_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o three_o part_n of_o what_o it_o be_v in_o which_o the_o jesuit_n do_v former_o esteem_v it_o to_o have_v 180000_o house_n and_o judge_v it_o to_o have_v near_o 100000_o when_o they_o be_v there_o this_o city_n be_v the_o ordinary_a residence_n of_o the_o triumvir_n or_o the_o three_o principal_a magistrate_n which_o rule_n or_o sway_v the_o affair_n of_o these_o island_n of_o who_o the_o first_o be_v entitle_v the_o dayri_n or_o voo_n that_o be_v the_o emperor_n who_o have_v the_o care_n of_o civil_a affair_n the_o second_o be_v the_o cube_n or_o king_n of_o tenza_n who_o be_v chief_a of_o the_o militia_n manage_v the_o affair_n of_o peace_n or_o war_n and_o three_o the_o zazo_n or_o xaca_n who_o be_v chief_a in_o religion_n and_o sacred_a matter_n the_o city_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o high_a and_o low_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o together_o be_v not_o above_o 20000_o pace_n long_o and_o 8_o or_o 10000_o pace_n large_a the_o palace_n of_o the_o dayri_n be_v in_o the_o high_a city_n great_a dayri_n the_o palace_n of_o the_o dayri_n stately_a and_o adorn_v with_o all_o thing_n which_o may_v add_v to_o its_o lustre_n and_o the_o house_n or_o palace_n of_o his_o congee_n with_o the_o house_n of_o the_o chief_a lord_n of_o all_o japan_n be_v about_o that_o of_o the_o emperor_n the_o low_a city_n be_v almost_o contigious_a to_o fuximi_fw-la which_o serve_v for_o a_o fortress_n to_o meaco_n this_o city_n as_o most_o of_o all_o those_o in_o these_o island_n be_v unwall_v but_o its_o street_n in_o the_o night_n be_v chain_v up_o and_o a_o watch_n of_o two_o man_n at_o each_o end_n of_o every_o street_n who_o be_v to_o give_v account_n of_o the_o transaction_n that_o happen_v in_o the_o night_n its_o street_n be_v large_a and_o well_o compose_v its_o house_n well_o build_v and_o most_o of_o wood_n all_o their_o pagode_n be_v make_v of_o wood_n they_o be_v neither_o large_a nor_o high_a and_o in_o these_o pagode_n they_o have_v several_a ill-shapen_a figure_n to_o which_o they_o address_v their_o prayer_n and_o bestow_v on_o they_o great_a gift_n in_o way_n of_o alin_n which_o their_o priest_n make_v use_v of_o nobunanga_n be_v the_o first_o that_o lessen_v this_o city_n which_o he_o do_v by_o burn_v a_o part_n of_o it_o in_o 1571_o and_o since_o it_o have_v receive_v divers_a jostling_n of_o ill_a fortune_n 2._o amangucki_n a_o maritime_a city_n and_o the_o fair_a of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o nangato_n have_v be_v former_o well_o know_v for_o its_o trade_n contain_v few_o less_o than_o 10000_o family_n it_o be_v burn_v in_o 1555_o during_o some_o revolt_n it_o be_v build_v again_o and_o again_o burn_v and_o afterward_o rebuilt_a these_o fire_n happen_v often_o in_o japan_n the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o building_n be_v of_o wood_n but_o the_o wood_n be_v very_o near_a and_o curious_a marble_a etc._n etc._n nangasaki_n be_v the_o most_o famous_a of_o the_o isle_n of_o saycock_n and_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o fair_a city_n through_o all_o japan_n among_o these_o city_n that_o of_o sacay_n on_o the_o south_n of_o meaco_n which_o ferdinand_n mendez_n pinto_n provide_v that_o he_o do_v not_o lie_v say_v he_o have_v know_v not_o to_o have_v depend_v upon_o any_o king_n or_o lord_n but_o be_v govern_v of_o itself_o in_o form_n of_o a_o republic_n create_v all_o its_o magistrate_n and_o officer_n and_o he_o assure_v we_o that_o all_o the_o master_n of_o family_n rich_a or_o poor_a make_v themselves_o be_v call_v king_n and_o queen_n and_o their_o child_n prince_n and_o princess_n this_o liberty_n and_o vanity_n be_v observable_a if_o it_o be_v true_a yendo_n the_o city_n of_o yendo_n mandelssos_n in_o his_o book_n of_o travel_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o city_n call_v yendo_n which_o he_o make_v to_o be_v a_o fair_a large_a and_o well_o build_v city_n in_o which_o he_o say_v there_o be_v a_o castle_n about_o two_o league_n in_o compass_n be_v strong_o fortify_v with_o 3_o wall_n and_o as_o many_o moat_n the_o building_n be_v very_o irregular_a but_o fair_a have_v to_o the_o wall_n abundance_n of_o gate_n within_o the_o last_o gate_n he_o say_v there_o be_v a_o magazine_n of_o arm_n for_o 3_o or_o 4000_o man_n on_o which_o all_o the_o street_n that_o be_v fair_a and_o broad_o take_v their_o rise_n 〈◊〉_d in_o which_o say_v street_n on_o both_o side_n be_v many_o magnificent_a palace_n for_o the_o noble_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o castle_n be_v seat_v the_o emperor_n palace_n have_v belong_v to_o it_o many_o stately_a edifice_n and_o apartment_n as_o hall_n chamber_n gallery_n garden_n orchard_n grove_n fishpond_n fountain_n court_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o several_a select_a house_n for_o his_o wife_n and_o concubine_n and_o here_o be_v his_o ordinary_a residence_n be_v in_o the_o province_n of_o quanto_fw-la about_o 120000_o pace_n from_o meaco_n between_o which_o be_v abundance_n of_o stately_a and_o magnificent_a palace_n and_o house_n for_o the_o
those_o under_o the_o seven_o which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o moon_n pass_v through_o germany_n the_o low_a country_n and_o england_n which_o say_v planet_n have_v their_o operation_n or_o influence_n on_o the_o inhabitant_n dwell_v under_o each_o of_o the_o say_a clime_n so_o that_o although_o the_o glorious_a and_o eternal_a luminary_n of_o heaven_n have_v a_o efficacious_a operation_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v a_o far_o great_a prevalency_n see_v that_o through_o the_o various_a situation_n of_o hill_n and_o valley_n we_o experimental_o find_v more_o great_a and_o different_a effect_n of_o the_o celestial_a ray_n which_o be_v also_o contemporate_v by_o the_o river_n and_o lake_n this_o can_v be_v deny_v by_o no_o man_n that_o nature_n be_v admirable_a in_o her_o work_n sometime_o as_o it_o be_v on_o set_v purpose_n delude_v the_o curiosity_n of_o humane_a wisdom_n by_o recede_v from_o the_o ordinary_a law_n of_o cause_n who_o can_v render_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n of_o that_o which_o be_v testify_v by_o mariner_n concern_v the_o region_n of_o maliapur_n in_o which_o be_v seat_v calicut_n a_o exceed_o high_a mountain_n top_v the_o cloud_n divide_v this_o province_n throughout_o and_o end_v in_o a_o promontory_n which_o be_v now_o call_v comorium_n which_o although_o it_o have_v the_o same_o altitude_n of_o the_o pole_n yet_o when_o the_o winter_n rage_v and_o the_o water_n swell_v on_o the_o one_o side_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o field_n and_o town_n be_v scorch_a with_o excessive_a heat_n and_o the_o sea_n calm_a wherefore_o this_o diversity_n which_o be_v discover_v in_o the_o climate_n the_o situation_n of_o province_n contemporation_n of_o the_o air_n and_o element_n do_v various_o discriminate_a the_o constitution_n of_o man_n and_o those_o constitution_n their_o nature_n for_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o mind_n follow_v the_o temperament_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o body_n the_o septentrional_a or_o northern_a people_n be_v remote_a from_o the_o sun_n and_o by_o consequence_n inhabit_v in_o cold_a country_n be_v sanguine_a robu_v full_a of_o valour_n and_o animosity_n hence_o they_o have_v always_o be_v victorious_a and_o predominant_a over_o the_o meridional_a or_o southern_a nation_n as_o the_o assyrian_n over_o the_o chaldean_n the_o mede_n over_o the_o assyrian_n the_o parthian_n over_o the_o grecian_n the_o turk_n over_o the_o arabian_n the_o goths_z over_o the_o german_n the_o romans_z over_o the_o african_n and_o the_o english_a over_o the_o french_z they_o love_v freedom_n and_o liberty_n as_o those_o also_o do_v which_o be_v mountaineer_n as_o the_o helvetian_o grison_n and_o cantabrians_n the_o nation_n proximate_v to_o the_o sun_n have_v their_o blood_n whole_o exsiccate_v by_o immoderate_a heat_n hence_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o place_n be_v melancholy_a and_o profound_a in_o the_o penetrate_a of_o the_o secret_n of_o nature_n for_o all_o the_o northern_a nation_n receive_v the_o mystery_n of_o the_o science_n from_o the_o egyptian_n and_o arabian_n the_o province_n which_o be_v immediate_o between_o both_o torrid_a zone_n enjoy_v a_o a_o benign_a heaven_n so_o that_o they_o flourish_n in_o religion_n justice_n and_o prudence_n the_o mutation_n of_o government_n the_o transmigration_n and_o emission_n of_o colony_n converse_n matrimony_n war_n and_o peace_n also_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o celestial_a sphere_n which_o drive_v from_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o zodiac_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n the_o heavenly_a image_n on_o these_o inferior_a body_n do_v change_n and_o alter_v the_o habit_n manner_n and_o also_o nature_n itself_o if_o we_o have_v recourse_n unto_o history_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o german_n note_v of_o old_a for_o lofty_a mind_n and_o the_o italian_n on_o the_o contrary_a too_o abject_a and_o low_a which_o difference_n now_o can_v be_v discern_v nation_n have_v sway_v and_o be_v predominate_a by_o turn_n and_o as_o long_o as_o the_o monarchy_n have_v have_v duration_n among_o they_o virtue_n have_v flourish_v art_n and_o arm_n have_v go_v hand_n in_o hand_n which_o afterward_o with_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v be_v smother_v in_o its_o ash_n and_o receive_v vivification_n in_o another_o place_n yet_o notwithstanding_o these_o obstacle_n every_o nation_n have_v certain_a propension_n and_o fix_a affection_n appropriate_v to_o every_o one_o which_o will_v adhere_v to_o foreigner_n if_o that_o they_o long_o remain_v among_o they_o the_o intelligent_a reader_n who_o desire_v a_o knowledge_n in_o these_o and_o other_o particular_n with_o a_o throughout_o prospect_n of_o the_o utility_n of_o cosmography_n and_o geography_n may_v consult_v the_o work_n itself_o richard_z blome_n the_o content_n of_o the_o section_n and_o chapter_n general_z geography_n which_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o iii_o part_n 1._o the_o absolute_a part_n divide_v into_o five_o section_n the_o first_o section_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v foreknow_v chap._n 1._o of_o the_o precognita_n pag._n 1_o ch._n 2._o thing_n necessary_a to_o geometry_n and_o trigonometry_n p._n 6_o the_o second_o section_n explain_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n chap._n 3._o of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n p._n 11_o chap._n 4._o of_o the_o dimension_n and_o magnitude_n of_o the_o same_o 15_o chap._n 5._o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o same_o p._n 23_o chap._n 6._o of_o its_o place_n in_o the_o system_fw-la of_o the_o world_n p._n 27_o chap._n 7._o of_o its_o substance_n and_o constitution_n p._n 30_o the_o three_o section_n in_o which_o the_o constitution_n and_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v explain_v chap._n 8._o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o water_n p._n 35_o chap._n 9_o of_o mountain_n in_o general_a p._n 40_o chap._n 10._o of_o the_o difference_n of_o mountain_n p._n 46_o chap._n 11._o of_o wood_n desert_n and_o mine_n p._n 54_o the_o four_o section_n of_o hydrography_n in_o which_o the_o water_n and_o their_o property_n be_v explain_v chap._n 12._o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o ocean_n throughout_o the_o earth_n p._n 57_o chap._n 13._o of_o the_o ocean_n and_o its_o part_n p._n 65_o chap._n 14._o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n especial_o of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n p._n 83_o chap._n 15._o of_o lake_n pool_n and_o marsh_n p._n 102_o chap._n 16._o of_o river_n p._n 108_o chap._n 17._o of_o mineral_n water_n bath_n spaw_n etc._n etc._n p._n 130_o chap._n 18._o of_o the_o mutation_n of_o dry_a place_n into_o watery_a and_o the_o contrary_a p._n 142_o the_o five_o section_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o wind_n chap._n 19_o of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o air_n p._n 154_o chap._n 20._o of_o the_o wind_n in_o general_a p._n 179_o chap._n 21._o of_o the_o difference_n of_o wind_n and_o of_o they_o in_o particular_a p._n 187_o 2._o the_o respective_a part_n explain_v the_o celestial_a affection_n chap._n 22._o of_o the_o celestial_a affection_n in_o general_a p._n 2â—3_n ch._n 23._o of_o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n and_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n p._n 207_o chap._n 24._o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o zone_n p._n 213_o chap._n 25._o of_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o day_n and_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o climate_n p._n 220_o chap._n 26._o of_o the_o light_n heatt_z cold_a rains_n with_o other_o property_n of_o the_o zone_n according_a to_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n p._n 231_o chap._n 27._o of_o shadow_n and_o the_o division_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o shadow_n p._n 259_o chap._n 28._o of_o the_o comparation_n of_o the_o celestial_a affection_n in_o divers_a place_n where_o be_v treat_v concern_v the_o antoeci_n perioeci_n and_o antipode_n p._n 269_o chap._n 29._o of_o the_o diversity_n of_o time_n in_o divers_a place_n p._n 275_o chap._n 30._o of_o the_o divers_a rise_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n and_o of_o the_o other_o appearance_n p._n 280_o 3._o the_o comparative_a part_n consider_v the_o affection_n which_o do_v arise_v from_o the_o compare_v of_o one_o place_n to_o another_o chap._n 31._o of_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n p._n 291_o chap._n 32._o of_o the_o situation_n of_o place_n one_o to_o another_o p._n 309_o chap._n 33._o of_o the_o mutual_a distance_n of_o place_n p._n 335_o chap._n 34._o of_o the_o visible_a horizon_n p._n 342_o chap._n 35._o of_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n in_o general_n and_o of_o the_o building_n of_o ship_n p._n 344_o chap._n 36._o of_o the_o lade_n or_o ballace_v of_o ship_n p._n 345_o chap._n 37._o of_o the_o directory_n of_o the_o nautick_a art_n in_o the_o first_o part_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o distance_n p._n 347_o chap._n 38._o thâ—â—â—â—ond_a part_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o quarter_n p._n 348_o chap._n 39_o the_o three_o part_n of_o histiodromia_n or_o the_o course_n of_o a_o ship_n p._n 353_o chap._n 40._o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o
author_n for_o the_o confirmation_n thereof_o do_v use_n they_o propose_v so_o obscure_o and_o confuse_o that_o they_o can_v compel_v or_o convince_v a_o obstinate_a and_o pertinacious_a defender_n of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n we_o therefore_o as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v will_v most_o clear_o set_v forth_o those_o very_a opinion_n and_o examine_v they_o that_o the_o reader_n may_v have_v a_o distinct_a knowledge_n thereof_o round_o reason_n to_o prove_v the_o earth_n round_o first_o i_o reject_v the_o slight_a reason_n or_o argument_n which_o be_v probable_a or_o rather_o sophistical_a first_o the_o spheric_a figure_n be_v most_o capacious_a therefore_o the_o earth_n ought_v to_o have_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o figure_n second_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n tend_v to_o the_o same_o centre_n therefore_o all_o those_o part_n make_v a_o round_a figure_n three_o when_o as_o in_o the_o creation_n the_o water_n as_o yet_o be_v confuse_o mix_v with_o the_o earth_n without_o doubt_n the_o earth_n be_v moist_a and_o soft_a but_o the_o figure_n or_o shape_n of_o liquid_a thing_n be_v round_o or_o spherical_a therefore_o such_o also_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n remain_v after_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o moist_a from_o the_o dry_a these_o and_o the_o like_a argument_n be_v slight_v let_v we_o view_v and_o consider_v the_o strong_a and_o most_o solid_a there_o be_v but_o one_o argument_n of_o one_o and_o the_o first_o kind_n which_o be_v take_v à _fw-la priori_fw-la but_o the_o other_o two_o kind_n be_v take_v à _fw-la posteriori_fw-la to_o wit_n some_o argument_n be_v take_v from_o the_o celestial_a appearance_n some_o again_o from_o they_o which_o we_o either_o observe_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o in_o heaven_n as_o for_o the_o first_o argument_n conclude_v à _fw-la priori_fw-la it_o be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o water_n and_o this_o demonstration_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v take_v either_o from_o aristotle_n or_o archimedes_n aristotle_n in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la chap._n 5._o have_v propose_v his_o demonstration_n in_o these_o very_a word_n round_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n round_o it_o shall_v manifest_o appear_v that_o the_o superficies_n or_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v round_o if_o we_o shall_v take_v the_o supposition_n that_o water_n of_o its_o own_o nature_n make_v its_o confluence_n always_o to_o a_o hollow_a place_n and_o that_o that_o place_n be_v more_o concavous_a which_o be_v near_o the_o centre_n therefore_o from_o the_o centre_n a_o let_v the_o strait_a line_n a_o b_o and_o a_o g_o be_v draw_v and_z from_z b_o unto_z g_z let_v the_o line_n b_o g_o be_v draw_v scheme_n see_v scheme_n unto_o which_o from_o a_o let_v a_o perpendicular_a line_n a_o d_o be_v draw_v into_o e._n it_o be_v manifest_a therefore_o that_o the_o line_n a_o d_o be_v less_o than_o the_o line_n a_o b_o and_z a_o g_z by_o the_o 18_o of_o the_o first_o book_n of_o euclid_n element_n geometrical_a therefore_o this_o place_n d_o be_v more_o concavous_a wherefore_o the_o water_n shall_v flow_v from_o b_o and_z g_z until_o the_o line_n a_o b_o a_o d_o a_o g_o may_v be_v equal_a but_o a_o e_o be_v equal_a to_o a_o b_o a_o g_o therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o very_a water_n shall_v be_v in_o these_o line_n which_o be_v draw_v in_o the_o centre_n this_o part_n of_o the_o demonstration_n be_v clear_o know_v but_o a_o e_o etc._n etc._n make_v nothing_o for_o the_o demonstration_n but_o that_o line_n which_o touch_v they_o which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o centre_n be_v the_o circumference_n therefore_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n which_o true_o be_v b_o e_o g_o be_v round_o note_v thing_n to_o be_v note_v this_o be_v aristotle_n demonstration_n in_o which_o beside_o the_o confuse_a and_o evil_a composure_n thereof_o these_o thing_n i_o observe_v first_o that_o it_o suppose_v some_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n second_o that_o it_o take_v the_o place_n more_o or_o less_o bend_v down_o in_o regard_n of_o that_o centre_n for_o he_o which_o shall_v deny_v the_o shape_n or_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v spherical_a will_v call_v these_o thing_n into_o question_n yet_o the_o first_o may_v be_v sufficient_o concern_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n prove_v or_o correct_v for_o we_o must_v say_v that_o either_o the_o star_n be_v wheel_v round_o about_o by_o a_o diurnal_a motion_n or_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v turn_v round_o about_o its_o own_o centre_n for_o this_o the_o apparent_a motion_n of_o the_o star_n force_v and_o cause_v if_o the_o star_n than_o that_o point_n about_o which_o they_o be_v turn_v shall_v be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n if_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o middle_a point_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o that_o about_o which_o it_o be_v turn_v shall_v be_v take_v in_o the_o demonstration_n for_o the_o central_n point_n of_o aristotle_n but_o the_o chief_a difficulty_n lie_v in_o the_o second_o supposition_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o lesser_a or_o great_a declivity_n or_o bend_v downward_o aught_o to_o be_v consider_v in_o respect_n of_o that_o centre_n for_o he_o which_o will_v defend_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n to_o be_v plain_a and_o of_o another_o figure_n he_o will_v deny_v this_o supposition_n and_o will_v say_v that_o the_o declivity_n must_v be_v consider_v according_a to_o our_o sense_n to_o wit_n in_o respect_n of_o our_o horizontal_n plain_a according_a to_o which_o the_o earth_n with_o infinite_a space_n be_v extend_v into_o profundity_n or_o else_o he_o will_v define_v the_o declivity_n in_o another_o manner_n and_o thus_o this_o demonstration_n conclude_v nothing_o at_o all_o unless_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v be_v take_v in_o respect_n of_o that_o centre_n about_o which_o the_o daily_a apparent_a motion_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n be_v perform_v which_o thing_n although_o it_o may_v be_v true_a and_o all_o other_o definition_n of_o declivity_n according_a to_o which_o the_o water_n may_v be_v move_v may_v also_o be_v confute_v yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v admit_v for_o a_o principle_n see_v that_o it_o in_o a_o manner_n suppose_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v spherical_a aristotle_n archimedes_n his_o demonstration_n by_o some_o prefer_v before_o those_o of_o aristotle_n other_o therefore_o prefer_v archimedes_n his_o demonstration_n before_o this_o of_o aristotle_n which_o be_v find_v in_o his_o first_o book_n concern_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v carry_v in_o the_o water_n this_o indeed_o be_v more_o artificial_a than_o that_o of_o aristotle_n yet_o it_o be_v oppress_v with_o the_o same_o difficulty_n forasmuch_o as_o it_o suppose_v the_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o centre_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o it_o take_v the_o depression_n of_o the_o water_n we_o will_v bring_v hither_o some_o argument_n frame_v from_o those_o that_o be_v take_v from_o celestial_a appearance_n first_o let_v we_o conceive_v the_o meridian_n line_n of_o our_o place_n or_o of_o any_o point_n of_o b_o in_o the_o earth_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n or_o a_o section_n of_o the_o earth_n make_v in_o plane_n which_o through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n m_o n_n pass_v through_o a_o b_o c_o d_o this_o line_n be_v usual_o call_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o line_n which_o be_v draw_v perpendicular_a to_o this_o be_v name_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o another_o plain_a parallel_n to_o the_o celestial_a equator_fw-la make_v in_o the_o earth_n the_o line_n e_o b_o f_o c._n i_o say_v as_o well_o the_o line_n a_o b_o c_o d_o as_o the_o line_n e_o b_o f_o c_o in_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v circular_a but_o it_o be_v a_o geometrical_a thorem_fw-la if_o any_o superficies_n according_a to_o one_o dimension_n be_v cut_v through_o any_o point_n and_o the_o section_n be_v make_v in_o the_o periphery_a or_o circumference_n of_o the_o circle_n then_o according_a to_o the_o other_o dimension_n through_o the_o same_o point_n the_o section_n be_v make_v in_o plain_a which_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o former_a plain_n and_o the_o section_n again_o be_v make_v in_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n that_o superficies_n be_v spherical_a therefore_o because_o we_o have_v take_v the_o point_n b_o in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o our_o own_o pleasure_n and_o have_v show_v the_o section_n a_o b_o c_o d_o and_o e_o b_o f_o c_o to_o be_v the_o periphery_n of_o the_o circle_n body_n the_o earth_n a_o spherical_a body_n therefore_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a theorem_n we_o conclude_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a and_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o spherical_a body_n circular_a the_o section_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o the_o dimension_n
of_o the_o latitude_n from_o one_o pole_n to_o another_o be_v circular_a furthermore_o that_o the_o section_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o latitude_n from_o one_o pole_n to_o another_o a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v circular_a be_v prove_v by_o many_o celestial_a appearance_n first_o if_o this_o line_n a_o b_o c_o d_o any_o place_n whatsoever_o be_v take_v in_o b_o some_o man_n go_v forward_o towards_o either_o pole_n m_n or_o towards_o the_o star_n near_o it_o he_o observe_v by_o his_o progress_v make_v equal_o that_o he_o approach_v equal_o to_o the_o pole_n but_o this_o can_v not_o be_v do_v unless_o the_o line_n of_o his_o journey_n b_o a_o c_o d_o be_v circular_a and_o it_o be_v commodious_o show_v by_o the_o artificial_a terrestrial_a globe_n second_o because_o a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v the_o meridian_n line_n into_o which_o when_o the_o sun_n come_v it_o be_v midday_n to_o we_o and_o to_o all_o people_n dwell_v in_o this_o line_n a_o b_o c_o experience_n witness_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o line_n a_o b_o c_o do_v perpendicular_o hang_v over_o any_o place_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n for_o example_n p_o and_o if_o we_o take_v equal_a space_n equal_a to_o b_o q_n q_o p_o we_o shall_v perceive_v that_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la or_o top_n of_o q_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o b_o above_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o q_o which_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v accomplish_v unless_o the_o line_n b_o p_o q_o be_v circular_a three_o the_o same_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o all_o the_o star_n which_o when_o they_o come_v into_o the_o meridian_n a_o b_o c_o their_o distance_n from_o the_o vertex_n p_o qui_fw-fr b_o have_v the_o same_o reason_n as_o the_o distance_n pq_n p_o b_o q_o p._n so_o when_o our_o mariner_n sail_v towards_o the_o south_n the_o star_n which_o before_o be_v not_o conspicuous_a 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than_o to_o we_o and_o do_v also_o soon_o set_v to_o they_o than_o to_o we_o but_o to_o they_o that_o dwell_v from_o we_o westward_n contrariwise_o they_o rise_v and_o set_v late_a than_o to_o we_o and_o indeed_o according_a to_o that_o proportion_n of_o time_n which_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o those_o place_n have_v from_o our_o meridian_n so_o if_o two_o place_n be_v take_v from_o we_o to_o wit_n the_o distance_n of_o one_o meridian_n towards_o the_o east_n 225_o mile_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o other_o 450_o then_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o in_o this_o place_n the_o sun_n rise_v two_o hour_n soon_o than_o with_o we_o but_o in_o the_o other_o place_n it_o rise_v but_o one_o hour_n soon_o than_o in_o we_o the_o argument_n become_v more_o clear_a if_o this_o theorem_n be_v propose_v of_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n of_o divers_a place_n sun_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o indeed_o look_v what_o be_v the_o account_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n from_o we_o and_o the_o same_o will_v be_v observe_v the_o account_n of_o time_n which_o come_v in_o between_o the_o arriving_n to_o those_o meridian_n and_o we_o or_o between_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la intercept_v between_o their_o meridian_n and_o we_o which_o be_v make_v evident_a by_o the_o eclipse_n for_o these_o thing_n be_v show_v by_o the_o artificial_a globe_n if_o we_o ascribe_v a_o spheric_a form_n to_o the_o earth_n but_o other_o shape_n thereto_o apply_v be_v very_o absurd_a so_o now_o the_o spherical_a form_n have_v as_o well_o be_v demonstrate_v as_o touch_v the_o latitude_n as_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n spherical_a other_o reason_n to_o prove_v the_o earth_n spherical_a yea_o but_o the_o spherical_a form_n thereof_o may_v also_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o only_a latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o indeed_o all_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o latitude_n thereof_o in_o divers_a place_n be_v the_o periphery_n of_o the_o place_n but_o they_o pass_v through_o the_o same_o point_n of_o heaven_n to_o wit_n the_o pole_n of_o conversion_n near_o adjacent_a to_o the_o polar_a star_n from_o these_o two_o reason_n we_o may_v solid_o infer_v and_o prove_v that_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a for_o it_o be_v a_o geometrical_a theorem_fw-la which_o therefore_o ought_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o geometrician_n thus_o if_o any_o solid_a body_n be_v cut_v in_o many_o plane_n it_o matter_n not_o how_o pass_v through_o some_o one_o point_n and_o all_o the_o section_n or_o division_n be_v perform_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n that_o body_n be_v spherical_a reason_n other_o reason_n here_o come_v another_o reason_n take_v from_o the_o shadow_n which_o the_o earth_n on_o her_o averse_a part_n to_o the_o sun_n disperse_v to_o the_o moon_n whereby_o she_o suffer_v a_o eclipse_n forasmuch_o as_o this_o shadow_n be_v conical_a or_o like_o a_o spire_n of_o a_o steeple_n as_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o obscuration_n of_o the_o moon_n but_o if_o we_o deal_v rigid_o the_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o view_n and_o consideration_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v these_o follow_v first_o again_o again_o from_o the_o sail_v round_o the_o earth_n because_o our_o man_n of_o europe_n hoist_v sail_n eight_o time_n from_o europe_n with_o a_o direct_a journey_n to_o the_o west_n and_o south_n even_o unto_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n afterward_o to_o the_o west_n and_o north_n they_o return_v again_o from_o the_o east_n into_o europe_n and_o all_o those_o appearance_n happen_v to_o they_o which_o arise_v from_o the_o property_n of_o the_o globe_n which_o sure_o have_v not_o be_v do_v if_o the_o earth_n have_v not_o be_v round_o and_o certain_o upon_o the_o supposition_n of_o that_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n all_o those_o circumnavigation_n be_v ground_v which_o therefore_o have_v not_o take_v such_o happy_a success_n if_o the_o form_n have_v be_v otherwise_o second_o furthermore_n furthermore_n when_o either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n we_o take_v our_o departure_n from_o high_a tower_n and_o mountain_n than_o the_o low_a part_n thereof_o be_v abscond_v from_o we_o and_o by_o degree_n more_o and_o more_o till_o at_o last_o the_o very_a top_n thereof_o be_v quite_o take_v from_o our_o sight_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n when_o as_o for_o a_o long_a distance_n we_o come_v to_o a_o tower_n or_o mountain_n first_o the_o top_n present_v itself_o to_o our_o view_n than_o the_o inferior_a part_n till_o at_o last_o through_o our_o near_a distance_n the_o foot_n thereof_o be_v see_v and_o this_o increase_n of_o apparition_n and_o occultation_n be_v altogether_o make_v according_a to_o such_o a_o proportion_n as_o the_o spherical_a tumour_n or_o swell_a of_o the_o earth_n be_v able_a to_o make_v neither_o can_v it_o be_v explicate_v by_o any_o other_o figure_n the_o diagram_n will_v make_v the_o proposition_n more_o clear_a three_o because_o that_o the_o measure_v the_o height_n of_o mountain_n or_o great_a hill_n which_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o globous_a form_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v by_o experience_n to_o agree_v with_o a_o real_a truth_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o earth_n further_a reason_n to_o prove_v the_o rotundity_n of_o the_o earth_n furthermore_o that_o we_o may_v draw_v together_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o these_o argument_n take_v à _fw-la posteriori_fw-la into_o one_o sum_n although_o they_o may_v be_v handle_v geometrical_o but_o that_o business_n will_v be_v of_o great_a labour_n and_o difficulty_n for_o it_o must_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o this_o or_o that_o different_a property_n be_v put_v that_o the_o line_n be_v circular_a
therefore_o a_o round_a spherical_a figure_n be_v to_o be_v assign_v to_o the_o earth_n because_o all_o the_o appearance_n as_o well_o celestial_a as_o the_o divers_a elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o divers_a altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o that_o day_n in_o divers_a country_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o shadow_n the_o difference_n and_o increase_n of_o the_o long_a day_n towards_o the_o pole_n time_n of_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n etc._n etc._n as_o terrestrial_a as_o the_o direction_n of_o navigation_n the_o appear_v and_o hide_v of_o tower_n and_o mountain_n the_o distance_n of_o place_n the_o port_n coast_n wind_n etc._n etc._n be_v most_o commodious_o declare_v by_o that_o round_a or_o spherical_a form_n or_o figure_n neither_o can_v another_o figure_n be_v devise_v which_o can_v perform_v that_o as_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o consideration_n of_o divers_a figure_n and_o form_n of_o body_n and_o our_o artificial_a terrestrial_a globe_n so_o just_o represent_v all_o these_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v real_o find_v to_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n which_o certain_o can_v not_o be_v do_v if_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o form_n or_o figure_n than_o that_o of_o our_o artificial_a globe_n and_o what_o other_o form_n soever_o you_o shall_v choose_v there_o will_v follow_v innumerable_a absurdity_n for_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o it_o be_v not_o plain_a by_o the_o appearance_n hither_o allege_v and_o that_o it_o neither_o can_v be_v hollow_a be_v clear_a from_o this_o that_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n ought_v first_o than_o to_o appear_v to_o the_o western_a people_n than_o to_o the_o eastern_a if_o it_o be_v of_o such_o a_o figure_n as_o we_o see_v the_o sun_n rise_v first_o to_o illuminate_v the_o valley_n before_o it_o can_v give_v light_n to_o the_o averse_a part_n of_o mountain_n chap._n iu._n concern_v the_o dimension_n and_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n earth_n the_o opinion_n of_o divers_a writer_n concern_v the_o dimension_n and_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o dimension_n or_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n comprehend_v three_o principal_a head_n first_o the_o longitude_n or_o length_n of_o the_o diameter_n or_o half_a diameter_n that_o be_v of_o a_o line_n from_o the_o superficies_n to_o the_o centre_n as_o also_o of_o a_o periphery_a of_o the_o earth_n or_o the_o circumference_n second_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n three_o the_o solidness_n or_o corporeal_a dimension_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o these_o thing_n be_v so_o contrive_v together_o that_o one_o of_o they_o be_v know_v the_o other_o two_o come_v to_o our_o knowledge_n by_o geometrical_a instrument_n because_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o certain_a sphere_n as_o it_o be_v show_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n this_o property_n be_v the_o most_o noble_a and_o hard_a to_o know_v and_o have_v exercise_v the_o most_o excellent_a wit_n for_o many_o age_n insomuch_o that_o some_o man_n have_v write_v whole_a book_n concern_v this_o matter_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v think_v that_o it_o will_v not_o prove_v ungrateful_a to_o the_o student_n of_o geometry_n if_o i_o shall_v full_o relate_v here_o the_o history_n of_o this_o dimension_n diogenes_n laertius_n praise_v anaximander_n the_o milesian_n the_o scholar_n of_o thales_n thales_n anaximander_n the_o milesian_n the_o scholar_n of_o thales_n that_o beside_o other_o astronomical_a invention_n he_o first_o of_o all_o other_o describe_v the_o circuit_n or_o perimeter_n of_o both_o land_n and_o sea_n but_o anaximander_n live_v about_o the_o year_n 550_o before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n the_o mathematician_n of_o succeed_a age_n seem_v to_o have_v follow_v his_o dimension_n even_o until_o eratosthenes_n aristotle_n aristotle_n because_o author_n make_v mention_n of_o none_o other_o and_o therefore_o i_o judge_v that_o to_o be_v the_o magnitude_n assign_v by_o anaximander_n which_o aristotle_n have_v note_v in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la say_v the_o mathematician_n also_o which_o endeavour_n to_o measure_v out_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o world_n report_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v bound_v in_o and_o gird_v with_o four_o hundred_o stadiums_n by_o this_o perimeter_n it_o be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n to_o assign_v the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o anaximander_n but_o because_o we_o can_v find_v nothing_o note_v concern_v anaximander_n invention_n beside_o that_o one_o place_n of_o diogenes_n laertius_n eratosthenes_n eratosthenes_n his_o and_o eratosthenes_n his_o diligence_n be_v obscure_v who_o next_o after_o anaximander_n undertake_v this_o business_n with_o great_a applause_n of_o all_o man_n he_o live_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n and_o as_o he_o be_v most_o conversant_a in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mathematics_n and_o dimension_n so_o he_o be_v esteem_v most_o accurate_o to_o have_v perfect_v gâ—eodaesia_n or_o survey_v and_o this_o glory_n be_v principal_o ascribe_v to_o he_o but_o he_o discover_v and_o deliver_v earth_n the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o perimeter_n or_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v two_o hundred_o fifty_o thousand_o stadiums_n or_o furlong_n but_o other_o two_o hundred_o fifty_o two_o thousand_o which_o pliny_n report_v to_o make_v up_o three_o hundred_o fifteen_o thousand_o roman_a mile_n every_o one_o of_o which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v a_o thousand_o pace_n eratosthenes_n have_v write_v three_o book_n of_o geography_n eratosthenes_n eratosthenes_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o injury_n of_o time_n be_v now_o not_o to_o be_v find_v strabo_n strabo_n strabo_n the_o famous_a geographer_n relate_v the_o content_n and_o argument_n of_o each_o book_n cleomedes_n cleomedes_n and_o cleomedes_n have_v note_v up_o his_o manner_n which_o eratosthenes_n use_v for_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o what_o can_v be_v want_v we_o will_v hereafter_o declare_v for_o indeed_o eratosthenes_n his_o measure_v forth_o the_o earth_n be_v by_o many_o mathematician_n especial_o hipparchus_n a_o hundred_o year_n after_o eratosthenes_n judge_v to_o swerve_v from_o the_o truth_n although_o there_o be_v nothing_o write_v touch_v eratosthenes_n his_o dimension_n or_o measure_v forth_o the_o earth_n but_o that_o he_o add_v twenty_o five_o thousand_o stadium_n to_o the_o perimeter_n possidonius_fw-la possidonius_fw-la but_o posidonius_n be_v not_o only_o a_o most_o know_a astronomer_n and_o practioner_n but_o also_o in_o every_o part_n of_o philosophy_n most_o expert_a do_v next_o after_o eratosthenes_n enter_v upon_o this_o doctrine_n a_o little_a before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o time_n of_o cicero_n and_o pompey_n this_o man_n by_o his_o dimension_n find_v the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v two_o hundred_o forty_o thousand_o stadium_n cleomedes_n cleomedes_n as_o cleomedes_n have_v note_v but_o 180000_o stadium_n strabo_n strabo_n as_o strabo_n have_v deliver_v whereby_o arise_v a_o great_a doubt_n concern_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o difference_n between_o cleomedes_n and_o strabo_n his_o allowance_n see_v this_o of_o strabo_n be_v the_o true_a although_o utter_v in_o a_o few_o word_n but_o cleomedes_n his_o assignation_n of_o the_o same_o be_v far_o from_o truth_n although_o he_o read_v and_o expound_v posidonius_n his_o geodesie_n to_o many_o concern_v his_o size_n or_o manner_n we_o will_v speak_v hereafter_o but_o the_o dimension_n of_o eratosthenes_n be_v use_v as_o yet_o of_o many_o even_o to_o ptolomy_n time_n the_o year_n 144_o after_o christ_n who_o use_v a_o perimeter_n of_o 180000_o stadium_n and_o affirm_v it_o to_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o truth_n insomuch_o that_o this_o very_a invention_n be_v by_o theon_n ascribe_v to_o he_o theon_n theon_n it_o be_v gather_v that_o marinus_n a_o famous_a geographer_n marinus_n marinus_n and_o by_o who_o write_n ptolemy_n be_v much_o aid_v do_v attempt_v something_o in_o this_o business_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o geographical_a write_n of_o the_o same_o ptolemy_n after_o these_o time_n when_o as_o the_o study_n and_o prosecution_n of_o the_o science_n by_o little_a and_o little_o vanish_v away_o in_o greece_n nothing_o be_v do_v in_o this_o business_n neither_o do_v the_o roman_n undertake_v any_o thing_n herein_o but_o the_o arabian_n and_o sarazon_n have_v obtain_v the_o empire_n or_o glory_n of_o other_o art_n from_o the_o grecian_n to_o themselves_o so_o likewise_o they_o leave_v not_o this_o part_n of_o the_o mathematics_n untouched_a forasmuch_o as_o snellius_n relate_v out_o of_o abelfedea_n a_o arabian_a geographer_n who_o flourish_v about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1300_o and_o who_o write_n be_v print_v at_o rome_n about_o the_o 800_o year_n of_o the_o christian_a account_n flourish_v maimon_n ring_n of_o arabia_n studious_a in_o geography_n in_o who_o day_n it_o flourish_v maimon_n king_n of_o the_o arabian_n or_o the_o calife_n of_o babylon_n be_v studious_a in_o the_o mathematics_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o
command_v the_o great_a construction_n of_o ptolemy_n to_o be_v turn_v out_o of_o greek_a into_o the_o arabian_a language_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o arabian_n the_o almage_a of_o ptolemy_n this_o maimon_n i_o say_v have_v assemble_v together_o certain_a skilful_a mathematician_n command_v they_o that_o they_o shall_v search_v after_o the_o perimeter_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o perform_v which_o task_n they_o choose_v the_o field_n of_o mesopotamia_n and_o they_o under_o the_o same_o meridian_n proceed_v from_o the_o north_n to_o south_n until_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n have_v decrease_v one_o degree_n find_v after_o a_o even_a level_n that_o the_o space_n or_o journey_n be_v fifty_o six_o or_o fifty_o six_o and_o a_o half_a from_o whence_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o perimeter_n according_a to_o they_o â—is_fw-la twenty_o thousand_o and_o sixty_o or_o twenty_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o and_o forty_o mile_n from_o that_o time_n even_o to_o our_o age_n no_o man_n have_v assay_v this_o but_o many_o arabian_n have_v use_v this_o dimension_n of_o their_o own_o mathematician_n latin_n the_o dimension_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o latin_n but_o the_o latin_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o handle_v astronomy_n use_v that_o of_o 18000_o stadiums_n which_o ptolemy_n have_v use_v which_o make_v 324000_o italian_a mile_n or_o 5400_o german_a mile_n for_o 15_o german_n or_o 60_o italian_a mile_n be_v allot_v to_o one_o degree_n when_o as_o there_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v assign_v thereto_o 15_o and_o â—_o 8_o because_o about_o 38_o stadiums_n be_v give_v to_o one_o german_a mile_n and_o so_o the_o perimeter_n shall_v be_v 5625_o german_a mile_n but_o about_o thirty_o year_n ago_o snellius_n a_o famous_a mathematician_n snellius_n it_o be_v dimension_n according_a to_o snellius_n professor_n of_o leyden_n observe_v that_o usual_a perimeter_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o the_o magnitude_n of_o one_o degree_n define_v in_o 15_o mile_n to_o depend_v on_o no_o certain_a demonstration_n but_o to_o be_v uncertain_a therefore_o with_o very_o great_a industry_n he_o set_v upon_o this_o dimension_n and_o happy_o finish_v it_o demonstrate_v the_o magnitude_n of_o one_o degree_n in_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v 28500_o perch_n or_o pole_n every_o one_o of_o which_o contain_v 12_o rhindlandish_a foot_n or_o 19_o dutch_a mile_n and_o the_o whole_a perimeter_n to_o be_v 8640_o mile_n but_o he_o define_v a_o mile_n with_o 1500_o pole_n or_o 18000_o rhindlandish_a foot_n we_o will_v now_o speak_v concern_v the_o manner_n of_o measure_v the_o earth_n but_o indeed_o this_o invention_n depend_v on_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n we_o have_v prove_v to_o be_v spherical_a for_o indeed_o we_o conceive_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v cut_v by_o a_o plain_a pass_v through_o the_o centre_n this_o section_n or_o division_n make_v the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o sphere_n be_v cut_v in_o any_o manner_n the_o section_n be_v make_v a_o circle_n but_o if_o it_o be_v cut_v through_o the_o centre_n it_o shall_v be_v the_o great_a circle_n and_o therefore_o the_o periphery_a of_o this_o circle_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v the_o circumference_n circuit_n and_o perimeter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o this_o work_n of_o measure_v begin_v from_o the_o magnitude_n of_o this_o periphery_a degree_n the_o circumference_n of_o the_o sphere_n divide_v into_o 360_o degree_n because_o therefore_o this_o periphery_a or_o circumference_n as_o other_o be_v be_v divide_v in_o the_o mind_n into_o three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o degree_n as_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o second_o chap._n but_o indeed_o we_o can_v perform_v the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o whole_a periphery_n and_o therefore_o the_o problem_n be_v thither_o reduce_v that_o we_o may_v find_v out_o the_o magnitude_n of_o one_o degree_n or_o other_o part_n in_o the_o know_a measure_n for_o example_n the_o magnitude_n of_o half_a a_o degree_n the_o necessity_n of_o which_o also_o meet_v in_o other_o problem_n and_o we_o take_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o be_v that_o of_o the_o meridian_n circle_n because_o this_o be_v more_o easy_o and_o with_o less_o occasion_n of_o error_n determine_v by_o our_o own_o place_n and_o by_o the_o north_n or_o polar_a star_n or_o other_o mean_n which_o we_o will_v declare_v in_o the_o three_o and_o twenty_o chapter_n the_o first_o mean_a or_o way_n which_o the_o arabian_n and_o other_o mathematician_n have_v use_v let_v the_o horizon_n therefore_o of_o our_o terrestrial_a meridian_n which_o lie_v just_a under_o the_o celestial_a a_o bed_n and_o be_v concentrical_a thereto_o be_v h_n h_o r_z ss_z let_v the_o periphery_n a_o b_o c_o d_o r_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n our_o place_n b_o the_o vertex_fw-la scheme_n see_v scheme_n or_o supreme_a point_n over_o our_o head_n the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n a_o lie_v under_o the_o celestial_a the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n above_o the_o horizon_n shall_v be_v a_o h_n a_o h_o let_v we_o now_o take_v another_o place_n in_o the_o same_o meridian_n a_o b_o c_o d_o or_o g_o lie_v under_o the_o same_o a_o b_o c_o d_o the_o vertex_fw-la g_o the_o horizon_n f_o f_o r_o t_o t._n let_v here_o now_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v exact_o observe_v in_o the_o place_n b_o viz._n a_o h_z or_o a_o h_n also_o of_o the_o place_n g_o to_o wit_n f_o a_o or_o f_o a_o and_o let_v f_o a_o be_v take_v away_o from_o h_n a_o and_o the_o remainder_n be_v h_n f_o to_o which_o the_o arch_n b_o g_o intercept_v between_o the_o place_n be_v equal_a after_o that_o the_o interval_n or_o space_n between_o b_o g_z must_v be_v measure_v accurate_o in_o a_o certain_a measure_n for_o example_n how_o many_o perch_n or_o pole_n it_o may_v contain_v or_o how_o many_o mile_n for_o these_o shall_v be_v correspondent_a to_o the_o arch_n b_o g._n and_o by_o the_o golden_a rule_n as_o b_o g_z be_v to_z a_o b_o g_o c_o d_o the_o 360_o degree_n so_o the_o space_n or_o interval_n find_v out_o or_o the_o perch_n or_o mile_n be_v to_o the_o perch_n or_o mile_n of_o the_o whole_a perimeter_n a_o b_o g_o c_o d_o or_o as_o the_o arch_n b_o g_o be_v to_o one_o degree_n so_o the_o perch_n or_o mile_n find_v be_v to_o the_o perch_n or_o mile_n which_o be_v due_a to_o one_o degree_n note_v if_o your_o pleasure_n be_v not_o to_o measure_v the_o interval_n b_o g_o thus_o but_o to_o follow_v the_o vulgar_a determination_n then_o according_a to_o that_o way_n the_o quantity_n must_v be_v determine_v as_o for_o example_n that_o to_o 1_o degree_n 15_o such_o mile_n answer_v as_o between_z b_o g_z may_v be_v 10_o etc._n etc._n london_n elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n at_o london_n example_n b_o london_z where_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n a_o h_n a_o h_o be_v 51_o degree_n 32_o minute_n let_v g_o be_v hartford_n lie_v under_o the_o same_o meridian_n with_o london_n the_o elevation_n of_o who_o pole_n a_o f_z a_o f_z be_v 51_o degree_n 54_o minute_n therefore_o f_z h_z or_o b_o g_z be_v 29_o minute_n but_o the_o distance_n between_o london_n and_o hartford_n be_v 20_o english_a mile_n or_o 13875_o rhinlandish_a perch_n of_o 12_o foot_n therefore_o as_o 29_o minute_n be_v to_o 60_o minute_n so_o 9_o ¼_n to_o 19_o holland_n mile_n therefore_o 19_o holland_n mile_n make_v one_o degree_n in_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o the_o interval_n b_o g_o be_v account_v to_o be_v 7_o ¼_n german_a mile_n a_o german_a mile_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v 1900_o rhinlandish_a perch_n therefore_o let_v it_o be_v wrought_v thus_o as_o 29_o part_n be_v to_o 60_o prague_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n at_o prague_n so_o be_v 7_o ¼_n to_o 15_o such_o german_a mile_n so_o at_o prague_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v 50_o degree_n and_o 6_o minute_n at_o lincium_n it_o be_v 48_o degree_n and_o 16_o minute_n the_o difference_n of_o b_o g_o shall_v be_v one_o degree_n and_o 50_o minute_n and_o it_o be_v think_v to_o be_v distant_a 26_o german_a mile_n therefore_o the_o perimeter_n be_v 5105_o mile_n and_o the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v 5400_o mile_n the_o second_o manner_n of_o eratosthenes_n scheme_n eratosthenes_n manner_n use_v about_o the_o dimension_n and_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n see_v scheme_n let_v there_o again_o be_v two_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o same_o meridian_n let_v b_o be_v the_o city_n alexandria_n in_o egypt_n let_v g_o be_v syene_n another_o city_n of_o egypt_n under_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n let_v now_o the_o same_o place_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n in_o the_o full_a sothe_v of_o the_o sun_n when_o he_o come_v into_o the_o meridian_n line_n
moon_n from_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v worthy_a observation_n that_o the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o celestial_a dimension_n as_o well_o in_o assign_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o planet_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o from_o themselves_o as_o in_o number_v and_o compute_v their_o magnitude_n so_o we_o say_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o earth_n ubout_fw-fr 1200_o half_a diameter_n the_o moon_n 40_o etc._n etc._n but_o see_v in_o geography_n we_o do_v not_o only_o consider_v the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o equator_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o also_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la therefore_o we_o must_v likewise_o determine_v how_o many_o mile_n or_o perch_n answer_v one_o degree_n in_o every_o parallel_n we_o have_v take_v the_o account_v of_o the_o perch_v out_o of_o snellius_n but_o i_o myself_o have_v reckon_v up_o the_o mile_n to_o wit_n 1900_o perch_n for_o a_o german_a mile_n 1500_o for_o a_o belgic_a or_o holland_n mile_n 475_o for_o a_o italian_a mile_n a_o table_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o one_o degree_n in_o every_o parallel_n the_o degree_n in_o which_o the_o parallel_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o equator_fw-la or_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o parallel_n equator_fw-la of_o the_o perch_n of_o one_o degree_n holland_n mile_n german_n italian_n the_o latitude_n of_o a_o perch_n of_o one_o degree_n holland_n mile_n german_n italian_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr mil._n per._n mile_n min._n mile_n min._n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr mil._n per._n mile_n min._n mile_n min._n  _fw-fr 28500_o 19_o 0_o 15._o 0_o 60._o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1_o 28496_o 18._o 1496_o 14._o 59_o 59_o 56_o 46_o 19798_o 13._o 298_o 10._o 25_o 41._o 40_o 2_o 28483_o 18._o 1483_o 14._o 59_o 59_o 55_o 47_o 19437_o 13._o 0_o â—0_n 14_o 41._o 0_o 3_o â—8461_n 18._o 1461_o 14._o 58_o 59_o 52_o 48_o 19070_o 12._o 1070_o 10._o 2_o 40._o 8_o 4_o 28431_o 18._o 1431_o 14._o 57_o 59_o 50_o 49_o 18698_o 12._o 698_o 9_o 50_o 39_o 20_o 5_o 28392_o 18._o 1392_o 14._o 56_o 59_o 46_o 50_o 18319_o 12._o 319_o 9_o 38_o 38._o 32_o 6_o 28344_o 18._o 1344_o 14._o 55_o 59_o 40_o 51_o 17936_o 11._o 1436_o 9_o 26_o 37._o 44_o 7_o 28288_o 18._o 1288_o 14._o 53_o 59_o 37_o 52_o 17546_o 11._o 1046_o 9_o 14_o 37._o 0_o 8_o 28223_o 18._o 1223_o 14._o 51_o 59_o 24_o 53_o 17152_o 11._o 652_o 9_o 2_o 36._o 8_o 9_o 28149_o 18._o 1149_o 14._o 48_o 59_o 12_o 54_o 16752_o 11._o 252_o 8._o 49_o 35._o 26_o 10_o 28067_o 18._o 1067_o 14._o 46_o 59_o 4_o 55_o 16347_o 10._o 1347_o 8._o 36_o 34._o 24_o 11_o 27976_o 18._o 976_o 14._o 43_o 58._o 52_o 56_o 15932_o 10._o 937_o 8._o 23_o 33._o 32_o 12_o 27877_o 18._o 877_o 14._o 40_o 58._o 40_o 57_o 15522_o 10._o 522_o 8._o 10_o 32._o 40_o 13_o 27769_o 18._o 769_o 14._o 37_o 58._o 28_o 58_o 15103_o 10._o 103_o 7._o 57_o 31._o 40_o 14_o 27653_o 18._o 653_o 14._o 33_o 58._o 12_o 59_o 14671_o 9_o 1179_o 7._o 44_o 31._o 0_o 15_o 27529_o 18._o 529_o 14._o 29_o 50._o  _fw-fr 60_o 14250_o 9_o 750_o 7._o 30_o 30._o 0_o 16_o 27653_o 18._o 453_o 14._o 25_o 57_o 40_o 61_o 13817_o 9_o 317_o 7._o 16_o 29._o 4_o 17_o 27255_o 18._o 255_o 14._o 21_o 57_o 20_o 62_o 13380_o 8._o 1380_o 7._o 2_o 28._o 8_o 18_o 27105_o 18._o 105_o 14._o 16_o 57_o 4_o 63_o 12939_o 8._o 939_o 6._o 48_o 27._o 12_o 19_o 26947_o 18._o 0_o 14._o 11_o 56._o 44_o 64_o 12494_o 8._o 994_o 6._o 34_o 26._o 16_o 20_o 26781_o 18._o 0_o 14._o 6_o 56._o 24_o 65_o 12045_o 8._o 45_o 6._o 20_o 25._o 20_o 21_o 26607_o 17._o 1107_o 14._o 0_o 56._o 0_o 66_o 11592_o 7._o 1092_o 6._o 6_o 24._o 24._o 22_o 26423_o 17._o 925_o 13._o 54_o 55._o 36_o 67_o 11136_o 7._o 636_o 5._o 52_o 23._o 28_o 23_o 26234_o 17._o 734_o â—3_n 48_o 55._o 12_o 68_o 10676_o 7._o 176_o 5._o 38_o 22._o 32_o 24_o 26036_o 17._o 536_o â—3_n 42_o 54._o 48_o 69_o 10213_o 6._o 1213_o 5._o 23_o 21._o 32_o 25_o 25830_o 17._o 330_o â—3_n 36_o 54._o 24_o 70_o 9748_o 6._o 748_o 5._o 8_o 20_o 32_o 26_o 25616_o 17._o 116_o 13._o 29_o 54._o 0_o 71_o 9279_o 6._o 279_o 4._o 53_o 19_o 32_o 27_o 25394_o 16._o 1394_o 13._o 22_o 53._o 28_o 72_o 8807_o 5._o 1307_o 4._o 38_o 18._o 32_o 28_o 25164_o 16._o 1164_o 13._o 15_o 53._o 0_o 73_o 8333_o 5._o 933_o 4._o 23_o 17._o 32_o 29_o 24927_o 16._o 927_o 13._o 7_o 52._o 28_o 74_o 7846_o 5._o 346_o 4._o 8_o 16._o 32_o 30_o â—4681_n 16._o 681_o 13._o 59_o 51._o 56_o 75_o 7376_o 4._o 1376_o 3._o 53_o 15._o 32_o 31_o 24429_o 10._o 429_o 12._o 51_o 51._o 24_o 76_o 6895_o 4._o 895_o 3._o 38_o 14_o 32_o 32_o 24169_o 16._o 169_o 12._o 43_o 50._o 52_o 77_o 6411_o 4._o 411_o 3._o 23_o 13._o 32_o 33_o 23902_o 15._o 1402_o 12._o 35_o 50._o 20_o 78_o 5925_o 3._o 1425_o 3._o 8_o 12._o 32_o 34_o 23628_o 15._o 1128_o 12._o 26_o 49._o 44_o 79_o 5438_o 3._o 938_o 2._o 52_o 11._o 28_o 35_o 23346_o 15._o 846_o 12._o 17_o 49._o 8_o 80_o 4949_o 3._o 449_o 2._o 36_o 10._o 24_o 36_o 23057_o 15._o 557_o 12._o 8_o 48._o 32_o 81_o 4458_o 2._o 1458_o 2._o 20_o 9_o 20_o 37_o 22761_o 15._o 261_o 11._o 59_o 47._o 56_o 82_o 3966_o 2._o 966_o 2._o 5_o 8._o 20_o 38_o 22458_o 15._o 0_o 11._o 49_o 47._o 16_o 83_o 3473_o 2._o 473_o 1._o 50_o 7._o 20_o 39_o 22149_o 14._o 1149_o 11._o 39_o 46._o 36_o 84_o 2979_o 1._o 1479_o 1._o 34_o 6._o 12_o 40_o 21832_o 14._o 832_o 11._o 29_o 46._o 0_o 85_o 2484_o 1._o 984_o 1._o 18_o 5._o 12_o 41_o 21509_o 14._o 509_o 11._o 19_o 45._o 16_o 86_o 1988_o 1._o 488_o 1._o 3_o 4._o 12_o 42_o 21180_o 14._o 180_o 11._o 9_o 44._o 36_o 82_o 1492_o 0._o 1492_o 0._o 47_o 3._o 12_o 43_o 20843_o 13._o 1343_o 10._o 58_o 43._o 52_o 88_o 995_o 0._o 995_o 0._o 31_o 2._o 4_o 44_o 20501_o 13._o 1001_o 10._o 47_o 43._o 8_o 89_o 497_o 0._o 497_o 0._o 16_o 1._o 4_o 45_o 20152_o 13._o 652_o 10._o 36_o 42._o 24_o 90_o 0_o 0._o 0_o 0._o 0_o 0._o 0_o chap._n v._o appearance_n the_o pythagorical_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o many_o celestial_a appearance_n the_o pythagorical_a motion_n or_o turn_v the_o earth_n about_o as_o with_o a_o 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place_n it_o be_v also_o different_a to_o wit_n how_o much_o the_o near_o the_o place_n be_v to_o the_o equator_fw-la with_o so_o much_o the_o great_a swiftness_n and_o space_n it_o be_v move_v but_o the_o great_a motion_n be_v in_o the_o place_n that_o lie_v in_o the_o equator_fw-la for_o indeed_o because_o every_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n be_v roll_v about_o by_o the_o space_n of_o a_o whole_a periphery_n to_o wit_n by_o 360_o degree_n therefore_o the_o space_n of_o one_o hour_n be_v find_v if_o 360_o be_v divide_v by_o 24_o the_o quotient_n be_v fifteen_o which_o be_v so_o many_o degree_n these_o be_v the_o degree_n by_o which_o the_o place_n lie_v in_o the_o equator_fw-la or_o without_o it_o be_v turn_v about_o in_o one_o hour_n but_o they_o make_v if_o the_o place_n lie_v in_o the_o equator_fw-la two_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o german_a mile_n whence_o she_o will_v be_v turn_v in_o four_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n through_o one_o degree_n that_o be_v 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place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o star_n the_o consideration_n of_o the_o earth_n situation_n in_o this_o whole_a system_a of_o the_o world_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o planet_n have_v a_o contemplation_n suitable_a to_o that_o which_o we_o have_v allege_v concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n for_o the_o common_a opinion_n of_o philosopher_n and_o astronomer_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n have_v decree_v universe_n the_o earth_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o philosopher_n and_o astronomer_n of_o ptolemy_n take_v up_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n the_o sun_n according_a to_o the_o copernican_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n that_o the_o earth_n take_v up_o the_o centre_n of_o this_o whole_a universe_n so_o that_o she_o be_v conversant_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o all_o the_o star_n and_o planet_n but_o they_o of_o copernicus_n his_o sect_n with_o the_o ancient_a pythagorean_n place_v the_o sun_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o all_o the_o star_n but_o they_o set_v the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v a_o planet_n between_o mars_n and_o venus_n and_o they_o think_v that_o she_o be_v carry_v there_o about_o the_o sun_n with_o a_o yearly_a course_n or_o space_n which_o be_v understand_v better_a by_o the_o diagram_n or_o description_n thereof_o yet_o notwithstanding_o therein_o do_v these_o two_o differ_v opinion_n agree_v that_o both_o confess_v that_o the_o centre_n of_o that_o first_o motion_n whereby_o the_o star_n seem_v to_o we_o in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o four_o hour_n to_o be_v carry_v about_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n for_o both_o astronomy_n and_o geography_n do_v want_v this_o supposition_n insomuch_o that_o whether_o you_o follow_v the_o ptolomaican_n or_o pythagorean_n opinion_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n the_o firmness_n and_o certainty_n of_o general_n astronomy_n and_o geography_n lose_v nothing_o for_o the_o difference_n of_o opinion_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o ptolomaians_n will_v have_v this_o motion_n to_o be_v in_o the_o star_n themselves_o but_o the_o pythogoreans_n be_v to_o be_v the_o earth_n the_o star_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n rest_v and_o never_o move_v neither_o of_o which_o be_v it_o necessary_a either_o for_o common_a astronomy_n or_o geography_n to_o determine_v copernican_n the_o place_v the_o sun_n earth_n and_o other_o planet_n according_a to_o the_o ptolomaians_n and_o copernican_n according_a to_o the_o ptolomaians_n this_n be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o planet_n to_o the_o earth_n and_o fix_a star_n the_o earth_n moon_n mercury_n venus_n sun_n jupiter_n saturn_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n according_a to_o the_o copernican_n such_o be_v the_o situation_n or_o place_n the_o sun_n be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o consistence_n or_o system_v of_o the_o world_n as_o the_o heart_n or_o fire_n next_o to_o he_o the_o orb_n of_o mercury_n venus_n the_o earth_n mars_n jupiter_n saturn_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n if_o you_o demand_v how_o much_o the_o earth_n and_o we_o be_v on_o the_o earth_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o planet_n you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o distance_n be_v not_o always_o the_o same_o but_o be_v change_v every_o day_n and_o therefore_o astronomer_n do_v reckon_v up_o three_o degree_n of_o distance_n viz._n the_o least_o the_o mean_a and_o the_o great_a the_o mean_a distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n be_v according_a to_o many_o astronomer_n this_o follow_v planet_n the_o mean_a distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o other_o planet_n the_o earth_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o moon_n with_o its_o sixty_o half_a diameter_n from_o mercury_n 110._o from_o venus_n seven_o hundred_o from_o the_o sun_n 1150._o from_o mars_n about_o five_o thousand_o from_o jupiter_n about_o 11000_o and_o from_o saturn_n 18000._o but_o yet_o indeed_o the_o distance_n
of_o mars_n jupiter_n saturn_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v altogether_o uncertain_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o parallaxy_n or_o mutual_a change_n in_o the_o copernican_n hypothesis_n the_o distance_n be_v vary_v not_o only_o from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o planet_n but_o also_o from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o the_o reason_n of_o either_o opinion_n to_o wit_n of_o the_o ptolomean_a and_o copernican_n concern_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o with_o they_o which_o in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n we_o have_v allege_v for_o this_o disputation_n have_v great_a affinity_n with_o the_o same_o for_o if_o you_o ascribe_v and_o allow_v the_o second_o motion_n to_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v call_v the_o proper_a motion_n not_o the_o sun_n but_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o midst_n but_o if_o you_o allow_v that_o second_o motion_n to_o the_o earth_n not_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o middle_n these_o argument_n follow_v may_v be_v say_v for_o the_o copernican_n opinion_n universe_n the_o sun_n not_o only_o the_o fountain_n of_o light_n but_o also_o the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n 1._o the_o sun_n be_v not_o only_o the_o fountain_n of_o light_n which_o as_o a_o most_o clear_a shine_a torch_n illuminate_v the_o earth_n moon_n venus_n and_o without_o doubt_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n but_o he_o be_v the_o firehearth_n of_o heat_n and_o vital_a spirit_n by_o which_o this_o whole_a universe_n seem_v to_o be_v cherish_v and_o sustain_v therefore_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o he_o hold_v the_o middle_a place_n and_o that_o these_o be_v move_v round_o about_o he_o 2._o it_o be_v more_o likely_a that_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v move_v about_o the_o sun_n that_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n she_o may_v receive_v light_a and_o heat_n from_o he_o etc._n the_o sun_n a_o vast_a body_n etc._n etc._n 3._o the_o sun_n be_v place_v in_o the_o midst_n some_o cause_n be_v render_v why_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v carry_v round_o about_o he_o to_o wit_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v a_o most_o vast_a body_n and_o endow_v with_o great_a virtue_n and_o force_n therefore_o he_o roll_v and_o stir_v up_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n to_o their_o motion_n and_o this_o reason_n especial_o take_v place_n if_o we_o admit_v kepler_n hypothesis_n concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o planet_n sun_n spot_n in_o the_o sun_n 4._o the_o observation_n of_o galilaeus_fw-la and_o scheiner_n concern_v the_o spot_n in_o the_o sun_n prove_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v move_v about_o his_o axil_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n therefore_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v their_o cause_n of_o go_v about_o neither_o seem_v it_o consistent_a with_o reason_n that_o any_o other_o shall_v be_v attribute_v to_o he_o 5._o if_o we_o allow_v the_o earth_n a_o place_n between_o mars_n and_o venus_n and_o allow_v the_o centre_n to_o the_o sun_n the_o motion_n of_o every_o planet_n fitting_o answer_v and_o agree_v to_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o centre_n which_o in_o the_o ptolomaick_a supposition_n be_v manifest_v not_o to_o be_v effect_v by_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n venus_n and_o mercury_n 6._o those_o celestial_a appearance_n which_o we_o have_v use_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n for_o the_o prove_v the_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v also_o valid_a and_o efficacious_a for_o this_o place_n which_o i_o have_v say_v must_v be_v assign_v to_o the_o earth_n to_o wit_n the_o retrograde_a course_n and_o station_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o the_o admirable_a apparent_a motion_n of_o venus_n and_o mercury_n etc._n etc._n for_o indeed_o that_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v before_o hand_n suppose_v this_o place_n and_o place_v of_o the_o earth_n or_o have_v it_o join_v to_o itself_o very_o near_o but_o this_o argument_n in_o my_o opinion_n be_v the_o chief_a yet_o for_o the_o first_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n nothing_o can_v be_v fetch_v by_o way_n of_o argument_n for_o gather_v thence_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n if_o she_o be_v without_o or_o want_v the_o second_o motion_n as_o origanus_n also_o determine_v 7._o so_o also_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o planet_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v well_o declare_v earth_n the_o aristotelian_o and_o platonist_n argument_n about_o the_o earth_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o aristotelian_o and_o platonist_n oppugn_v the_o pythagorean_n opinion_n with_o many_o argument_n and_o endeavour_v to_o challenge_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o place_n by_o these_o argument_n first_o heavy_a thing_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o heavy_a body_n therefore_o it_o take_v up_o that_o centre_n second_o heavy_a thing_n will_v go_v from_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n unless_o this_o centre_n be_v in_o the_o earth_n three_o the_o centre_n be_v the_o ignobl_a place_n and_o the_o earth_n also_o be_v the_o vile_a part_n of_o this_o universe_n therefore_o it_o shall_v have_v the_o centre_n thereof_o four_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v without_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n than_o the_o star_n and_o constellation_n will_v be_v see_v in_o some_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o some_o day_n big_a than_o in_o other_o five_o neither_o will_v the_o middle_a part_n of_o heaven_n always_o be_v conspicuous_a as_o taurus_n rise_v the_o scorpion_n shall_v set_v etc._n etc._n six_o neither_o will_v there_o be_v equinox_n seven_o neither_o the_o moon_n rise_v eclipse_v will_v the_o sun_n set_v etc._n etc._n eight_o neither_o will_v the_o number_n of_o miles_n in_o the_o earth_n equal_o answer_v every_o degree_n in_o heaven_n copernican_n the_o aforesaid_a reason_n of_o the_o aristotelian_o refute_v by_o the_o copernican_n the_o copernican_n do_v easy_o weaken_v these_o reason_n of_o the_o aristotelian_o for_o the_o first_o and_o second_o be_v refel_v because_o the_o motion_n of_o heavy_a thing_n be_v not_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n but_o to_o the_o homogeneal_a body_n as_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o part_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o sun_n and_o loadstone_n the_o three_o reason_n take_v a_o false_a major_a and_o minor_a proposition_n for_o the_o centre_n be_v also_o a_o noble_a place_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o ignoble_a or_o base_a the_o other_o reason_n be_v easy_o disprove_v by_o diagram_n or_o description_n this_o at_o least_o be_v fore-supposed_n that_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o sun_n or_o centre_n how_o great_a soever_o it_o be_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n from_o the_o sun_n it_o will_v be_v so_o little_a as_o that_o it_o will_v have_v no_o proportion_n to_o it_o saturn_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n venus_n and_o mercury_n from_o the_o earth_n not_o so_o great_a as_o of_o mars_n jupiter_n and_o saturn_n moreover_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o theorem_fw-la belong_v to_o this_o place_n that_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o superior_a planet_n mars_n jupiter_n and_o saturn_n be_v so_o great_a from_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o proportion_n to_o it_o but_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n venus_n and_o mercury_n be_v not_o so_o great_a touch_v the_o sun_n there_o be_v as_o yet_o a_o doubt_n sure_o if_o there_o be_v any_o proportion_n of_o the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o sun_n that_o will_v be_v very_o small_a but_o the_o theorem_n be_v prove_v thus_o first_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o high_a planet_n appear_v to_o we_o to_o rise_v at_o the_o same_o moment_n at_o which_o they_o will_v appear_v to_o rise_v by_o a_o right_n contrive_v supputation_n and_o calculation_n if_o we_o be_v set_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o distance_n of_o our_o place_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v the_o half_a diameter_n bear_v no_o proportion_n to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n second_o if_o we_o take_v the_o meridian_n or_o altitude_n of_o a_o fix_a star_n or_o one_o of_o the_o superior_a planet_n with_o a_o astronomical_a instrument_n we_o find_v the_o same_o as_o if_o we_o have_v observe_v it_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n vanish_v away_o in_o respect_n of_o that_o distance_n three_o if_o there_o be_v any_o proportion_n than_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o star_n will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v lesser_a about_o the_o horizon_n than_o
about_o the_o meridian_n because_o in_o this_o position_n they_o be_v near_o to_o the_o earth_n almost_o by_o one_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o same_o argument_n be_v valid_a as_o touch_v the_o sun_n also_o for_o his_o diameter_n be_v not_o find_v great_a in_o the_o meridian_n than_o when_o he_o be_v yet_o on_o the_o horizon_n but_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v a_o little_o great_a in_o the_o meridian_n than_o when_o as_o yet_o she_o be_v on_o the_o horizon_n therefore_o in_o the_o meridian_n it_o be_v somewhat_o nigh_o to_o we_o to_o wit_n almost_o one_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n chap._n vii_o concern_v the_o substance_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o have_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n consider_v the_o quality_n or_o property_n of_o the_o earth_n no_o regard_n be_v take_v of_o its_o substance_n or_o be_v but_o now_o these_o be_v declare_v it_o be_v fit_v we_o consider_v this_o also_o that_o we_o may_v know_v what_o kind_n of_o body_n the_o earth_n be_v and_o how_o its_o part_n cohere_v together_o the_o which_o although_o it_o may_v rather_o rather_o seem_v natural_a yet_o because_o it_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o will_v here_o handle_v brief_o leave_v the_o accurate_a consideration_n thereof_o to_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n proposition_n i._o to_o declare_v of_o what_o simple_a and_o similar_v body_n the_o earth_n may_v consist_v or_o be_v compound_v of_o earth_n of_o the_o four_o element_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v divers_a opinion_n of_o philosopher_n concern_v this_o matter_n the_o peripatetic_n number_n four_o element_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o whole_a sublunary_a world_n be_v now_o sufficient_o know_v to_o the_o very_a vulgar_a fire_n air_n water_n and_o earth_n many_o of_o the_o ancient_n as_o democritus_n and_o leucippus_n determine_v that_o the_o whole_a world_n consist_v of_o very_o little_a solid_a piece_n which_o differ_v only_o in_o their_o various_a figure_n shape_n and_o magnitude_n and_o they_o many_o of_o the_o late_a philosopher_n do_v follow_v and_o of_o late_a cartesius_n endeavour_v by_o such_o a_o hypothesis_n to_o declare_v all_o natural_a appearance_n chemist_n the_o three_o principle_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o chemist_n chemist_n make_v three_o principle_n sal_fw-la sulphur_n and_o mercury_n to_o who_o some_o do_v right_o add_v caput_fw-la mortuum_fw-la or_o the_o dead_a head_n when_o as_o they_o three_o be_v fruitful_a but_o to_o i_o doubtful_a term_n and_o word_n be_v lay_v aside_o and_o the_o thing_n themselves_o well_o consider_v there_o seem_v to_o be_v five_o simple_a body_n the_o first_o principle_n of_o all_o thing_n thing_n by_o other_o five_o simple_a body_n the_o first_o principle_n of_o all_o thing_n to_o wit_n water_n oil_n or_o sulphur_n salt_n earth_n and_o a_o certain_a spirit_n which_o the_o chemist_n call_v mercury_n for_o indeed_o all_o body_n and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v resolve_v into_o those_o five_o elementary_a substance_n notwithstanding_o i_o deny_v not_o that_o those_o differ_v not_o so_o much_o in_o essence_n as_o in_o the_o singular_a variety_n of_o their_o shape_n and_o magnitude_n therefore_o the_o whole_a earth_n consist_v of_o these_o simple_a body_n which_o be_v divers_a way_n commix_v from_o whence_o arise_v so_o great_a variety_n of_o body_n which_o do_v appear_v different_a from_o one_o another_o and_o similar_v or_o body_n of_o like_a part_n but_o the_o more_o exquisite_a declaration_n of_o these_o point_n belong_v to_o natural_a philosophy_n which_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o my_o book_n of_o the_o art_n and_o science_n now_o ready_a for_o the_o press_n proposition_n ii_o the_o earth_n be_v divide_v into_o dry_a and_o moist_a part_n or_o into_o earth_n and_o water_n to_o which_o some_o join_v the_o atmosphere_n this_o be_v the_o vulgar_a division_n of_o geographer_n and_o then_o the_o water_n be_v take_v in_o a_o large_a signification_n for_o all_o that_o be_v liquid_a or_o moist_a and_o fluid_a and_o run_a as_o the_o land_n be_v take_v for_o the_o whole_a dry_a and_o consistent_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n nature_n of_o the_o land_n and_o its_o various_a body_n of_o nature_n and_o thereby_o do_v embrace_v and_o comprehend_v such_o various_a body_n of_o nature_n to_o wit_n first_o sand_n loam_n day_n and_o mineral_n earth_n chalk_n cinnaber_n ochre_n terra_fw-la sigiâ—lata_fw-la or_o saracen_n earth_n earth_n of_o samos_n bolearmoniack_n with_o divers_a other_o kind_n of_o earth_n second_o stone_n of_o various_a sort_n the_o chief_a among_o which_o be_v diamond_n emerald_n ruby_n saphire_n etc._n etc._n three_o metal_n among_o which_o be_v gold_n silver_n copper_n tin_n lead_v mercury_n or_o quicksilver_n iron_n steel_n etc._n etc._n four_o brimstone_n salt_n niter_n alom_n bitumen_n vitriol_n antimony_n etc._n etc._n five_o herb_n plant_n etc._n etc._n part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o its_o part_n to_o the_o water_n be_v refer_v first_o the_o sea_n second_o river_n and_o sweet_a water_n three_o lake_n and_o fen_n or_o marsh_n fourthly_a mineral_n water_n as_o hot_a bath_n sour_a water_n etc._n etc._n earth_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o encompass_n the_o earth_n the_o atmosphere_n be_v that_o thin_a and_o subtle_a body_n which_o girt_n and_o encompass_n the_o earth_n towards_o heaven_n and_o contain_v the_o air_n cloud_n shower_n of_o rain_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o into_o these_o three_o part_n the_o earth_n be_v fit_o divide_v proposition_n iii_o to_o expound_v how_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n cleave_v or_o hold_v together_o and_o make_v the_o land_n cavity_n the_o earth_n not_o bound_v with_o one_o superficies_n but_o have_v hollow_a cavity_n 1._o the_o land_n that_o be_v the_o dry_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o bound_v with_o one_o and_o that_o even_a superficies_n or_o surface_n but_o she_o have_v many_o hollow_a cave_n many_o part_n lift_v up_o aloft_o in_o her_o cavity_n cave_n or_o hollow_n which_o be_v here_o and_o there_o find_v round_o about_o the_o whole_a earth_n the_o sea_n or_o ocean_n be_v contain_v and_o therefore_o part_v of_o the_o earthly_a superficies_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n those_o hollow_n or_o cavity_n be_v not_o make_v of_o a_o even_a hollowness_n but_o have_v here_o and_o there_o rock_n and_o elevate_a part_n and_o elsewhere_o they_o have_v gulf_n and_o swallow_n sink_v very_o deep_a so_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n appear_v out_o above_o the_o water_n have_v certain_a as_o it_o be_v navel_v in_o its_o middle_n and_o some_o part_n be_v more_o or_o less_o raise_v up_o or_o sink_v down_o than_o other_o so_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o water_n environ_v the_o whole_a earth_n be_v hinder_v that_o it_o overwhelm_v not_o the_o whole_a earth_n but_o the_o high_a part_n and_o such_o as_o appear_v above_o the_o water_n be_v island_n of_o which_o some_o be_v great_a and_o some_o small_a earth_n mouth_n hole_n pipe_n &_o other_o conveyance_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n 2._o beside_o that_o continual_a channel_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o outward_a superficies_n within_o also_o in_o the_o solid_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v innumerable_a mouth_n hole_n swallow_n wind_n conveyance_n deep_n pipe_n and_o huge_a vast_a receiver_n in_o some_o of_o which_o there_o be_v the_o sea_n which_o by_o that_o secret_a conveyance_n be_v join_v to_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o common_a sea_n in_o some_o again_o there_o be_v sweet_a water_n rivers_n stream_n in_o some_o spirit_n or_o else_o a_o sulphury_a and_o smoke_a substance_n seneca_n say_v right_o he_o give_v too_o much_o way_n to_o his_o eyesight_n who_o believe_v not_o that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o hide_a and_o secret_a bosom_n of_o the_o earth_n bay_n of_o a_o vast_a sea_n neither_o do_v i_o perceive_v what_o may_v hinder_v that_o there_o may_v not_o be_v some_o seashore_n and_o the_o sea_n receive_v by_o hide_a passage_n there_o be_v therefore_o no_o cause_n of_o doubt_v of_o there_o be_v many_o hollow_n in_o the_o very_a solid_a earth_n for_o very_o we_o conjecture_v at_o it_o by_o these_o mean_n first_o by_o the_o river_n which_o be_v find_v in_o many_o place_n where_o earth_n be_v dig_v even_o to_o a_o notable_a depth_n which_o be_v frequent_a in_o mine_n second_o in_o some_o place_n the_o profundity_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v beyond_o all_o sound_a or_o measure_n three_o there_o be_v some_o cave_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o hispaniola_n be_v a_o mountain_n of_o a_o great_a height_n be_v hollow_a within_o with_o many_o cave_n in_o which_o river_n of_o water_n be_v throw_v down_o headlong_o with_o so_o great_a sound_n and_o rush_a noise_n of_o stream_n that_o the_o very_a fall_n of_o those_o water_n may_v be_v hear_v
five_o mile_n distance_n four_o some_o gulf_n or_o whirlpool_n be_v find_v in_o the_o sea_n five_o earthquake_n do_v also_o prove_v the_o be_v of_o cavity_n under_o the_o earth_n six_o some_o river_n bury_v themselves_o under_o the_o earth_n as_o niger_n tigris_n etc._n etc._n seven_o salt-spring_n which_o without_o doubt_n for_o the_o great_a part_n spring_n and_o flow_v from_o the_o sea_n be_v find_v in_o many_o place_n eight_o so_o in_o many_o place_n the_o ground_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o man_n walk_v tremble_v and_o shake_v as_o about_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n omer_n in_o flanders_n in_o the_o province_n of_o brabant_n die_v peel_n proposition_n iu._n the_o superficies_n or_o surface_n of_o the_o land_n be_v continual_a but_o that_o of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o so_o indeed_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o land_n appear_v out_o above_o the_o water_n be_v continue_v or_o always_o the_o same_o to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o this_o of_o the_o sea_n again_o be_v continue_v to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o land_n appear_v above_o river_n one_o continual_a superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n bays_n and_o river_n so_o there_o be_v one_o continual_a superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o bays_n and_o river_n but_o not_o of_o all_o water_n because_o there_o be_v some_o lake_n which_o be_v not_o join_v with_o the_o ocean_n in_o the_o superficies_n as_o the_o lake_n parime_n and_o the_o caspian_a sea_n proposition_n v._o it_o be_v certain_a how_o or_o in_o what_o manner_n the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o surface_n that_o be_v from_o our_o habitation_n towards_o the_o centre_n some_o man_n think_v that_o the_o water_n be_v in_o the_o bottom_n about_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n loadstone_n the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n within_o according_a to_o gilbert_n a_o english_a man_n be_v a_o hard_a loadstone_n but_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a true_a that_o the_o earth_n occupy_v that_o place_n gilbert_n a_o english_a man_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n within_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o most_o hard_a loadstone_n but_o that_o those_o part_n to_o which_o man_n have_v admittance_n by_o dig_v and_o in_o which_o herb_n grow_v and_o we_o also_o live_v be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o shell_n or_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o continual_a generation_n and_o corruption_n be_v make_v scheme_n make_v see_v fig._n but_o cartesius_n be_v of_o a_o different_a opinion_n see_v scheme_n cartesius_n his_o opinion_n be_v not_o much_o different_a from_o this_o who_o think_v that_o there_o be_v three_o region_n or_o part_n of_o divers_a substance_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o most_o inward_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n he_o deem_v to_o be_v about_o the_o centre_n thereof_o the_o second_o he_o judge_v to_o be_v thick_a and_o dusky_a of_o very_o small_a part_n the_o three_o he_o think_v wherein_o man_n be_v employ_v to_o be_v make_v up_o of_o little_a parcel_n not_o well_o cleave_v together_o but_o indeed_o touch_v this_o thing_n there_o can_v scarce_o any_o certainty_n be_v affirm_v it_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o hotbath_n that_o in_o very_a many_o place_n under_o the_o earth_n fire_n and_o fume_n be_v lift_v up_o from_o sulphur_n proposition_n vi_o the_o consistency_n or_o stand_v and_o fast_o cleave_v together_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v from_o salt_n salt_n in_o all_o kind_n of_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o salt_n the_o artificial_a resolve_v of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n show_v that_o in_o all_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o salt_n and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o as_o the_o hard_a the_o body_n be_v a_o few_o oily_a one_o be_v except_v as_o in_o metal_n stone_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o the_o concretion_n or_o hard_o grow_v together_o of_o all_o thing_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o salt_n be_v manifest_a by_o stone_n which_o we_o may_v by_o art_n make_v very_o hard_a with_o salt_n burr_n if_o you_o separate_v the_o salt_n from_o the_o earth_n she_o will_v no_o long_o cleave_v or_o stick_v together_o but_o will_v be_v a_o powder_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v reduce_v to_o hardness_n without_o the_o admixtion_n of_o salt_n thereto_o proposition_n vii_o the_o kind_n of_o earth_n be_v divers_a way_n mix_v together_o in_o the_o earth_n mine_n of_o metal_n find_v in_o mine_n thus_o in_o mine_n be_v find_v small_a piece_n of_o gold_n silver_n lead_v etc._n etc._n not_o heap_v together_o and_o join_v apart_o from_o other_o but_o both_o mix_v among_o themselves_o and_o also_o with_o unprofitable_a earth_n according_a to_o the_o least_o part_n that_o artificer_n not_o at_o the_o first_o sight_n but_o by_o divers_a sign_n do_v find_v out_o what_o may_v be_v contain_v in_o any_o metalline_a earth_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o the_o field_n sand_n be_v mix_v with_o clay_n or_o loam_n lime_n salt_n etc._n etc._n amsterdam_n of_o the_o different_a sort_n of_o earth_n as_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o well_o dig_v at_o amsterdam_n when_o as_o on_o a_o certain_a time_n at_o amsterdam_n for_o make_v a_o well_o the_o earth_n be_v dig_v out_o even_o to_o the_o depth_n of_o 232_o foot_n these_o sort_n of_o earth_n be_v show_v to_o the_o beholder_n viz._n of_o garden-earth_n 7_o foot_n of_o black-earth_n fit_v for_o fire_n which_o be_v call_v peat_n 9_o foot_n of_o soft-clay_n 9_o foot_n of_o sand_n 8_o foot_n of_o earth_n 4_o foot_n of_o clay_n 10_o foot_n of_o earth_n 4_o foot_n of_o sand_n upon_o which_o the_o house_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v ram_v and_o pave_v 10_o foot_n of_o clay_n 2_o foot_n of_o white-loam_n 4_o foot_n of_o dry-earth_n 5_o foot_n of_o muddy_a 1_o foot_n of_o sand_n 14_o foot_n of_o sandy-clay_n 3_o foot_n of_o sand_n mix_v with_o clay_n 5_o foot_n of_o sand_n mix_v with_o sea-fish_n shell_n 4_o foot_n than_o a_o bottom_n of_o clay_n to_o the_o depth_n of_o 102_o foot_n and_o last_o of_o loam_n 31_o foot_n where_o the_o dig_v cease_v and_o they_o come_v to_o water_n the_o figure_n of_o which_o see_v among_o the_o scheme_n proposition_n viii_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o as_o well_o the_o outward_a disposition_n thereof_o and_o the_o position_n of_o its_o part_n be_v not_o perpetual_o the_o same_o but_o be_v at_o divers_a time_n divers_a substance_n the_o water_n of_o the_o seamake_v divers_a change_n and_o ruin_n in_o the_o earth_n where_o likewise_o lie_v hide_v spirit_n and_o sulphureous_a substance_n indeed_o not_o only_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n make_v divers_a change_n and_o ruin_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n whilst_o certain_a hole_n be_v stop_v up_o some_o be_v make_v more_o broad_a but_o also_o spirit_n and_o sulphury_a substance_n lie_v hide_v here_o and_o there_o in_o the_o earth_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o increase_v and_o to_o be_v resolve_v into_o vapour_n do_v impetuous_o shake_v and_o thrust_v forward_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o earthquake_n and_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o such_o like_a motion_n be_v make_v in_o the_o interior_a part_n and_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o we_o feel_v not_o neither_o perceive_v but_o we_o will_v speak_v of_o the_o mutual_a change_n of_o the_o water_n and_o earth_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o eighteen_o chapter_n the_o earth_n be_v divide_v into_o land_n and_o water_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n extant_a out_o of_o the_o water_n by_o the_o interflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v distinguish_v into_o these_o four_o part_n 1._o into_o great_a continent_n or_o great_a island_n of_o which_o four_o be_v reckon_v by_o we_o 1._o the_o old_a world_n who_o part_n be_v asia_n africa_n and_o europe_n the_o bound_n of_o this_o continent_n be_v on_o the_o north_n the_o freeze_a and_o tartarian_a ocean_n on_o the_o east_n the_o pacifick_n and_o indian_a ocean_n on_o the_o south_n the_o southern_a ocean_n on_o the_o west_n the_o atlantic_a ocean_n 2._o the_o new_a world_n or_o america_n who_o part_n be_v meridionalis_fw-la septentrionalis_n the_o bound_n of_o it_o be_v on_o the_o north_n davis_n streights_n on_o the_o east_n the_o atlantic_a ocean_n on_o the_o south_n the_o pacifick_n ocean_n on_o the_o west_n the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n 3._o the_o polary_a north-land_n or_o greenland_n be_v every_o where_o encompass_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o streights_n 4._o the_o south-land_n and_o land_n of_o magellan_n yet_o undiscovered_a 2._o into_o peninsulas_fw-la or_o chersonesus_n which_o be_v part_n of_o those_o continent_n round_o who_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n be_v equal_a about_o africa_n itself_o peloponesus_fw-la the_o chersonesus_n of_o grecia_n chersonesus_n taurica_n or_o tartary_n
precopensis_n cambaja_n long_o among_o which_o be_v the_o chersonesus_n of_o malacca_n adjoin_v to_o india_n cimbrica_n or_o jutland_n adhere_v to_o holsatia_n borea_fw-la adjoin_v to_o tartary_n the_o north_n and_o south_n part_n of_o america_n california_n jucatan_n the_o chersonesus_n of_o thracia_n nova_fw-la francia_n jonia_n cindensis_n mindensis_fw-la of_o affinity_n to_o peninsulas_fw-la italy_n greece_n acaia_n spain_n norway_n sweden_n lapland_n asia_n minor_fw-la arabia_n beach_n a_o region_n of_o magellan_n and_o new_a guiney_n indostan_n cochinchina_n new-england_n monomotapa_n camboia_n 3._o island_n which_o may_v be_v consider_v in_o four_o sort_n viz._n great_a as_o england_n japan_n island_n canada_n sumatra_n madagascar_n borneo_n nova_fw-la zembla_n california_n indifferent_a as_o sicilia_n ireland_n hispaniola_n cuba_n java_n major_a celebe_n crect_n luconia_n sardinia_n friesland_n terra_fw-la nova_fw-la mindanoa_n ceilan_n small_a as_o gilolo_n amboina_fw-la timor_fw-la corsica_n majorca_n cyprus_n negropont_n sealand_n jamaica_n the_o very_a small_a one_o in_o which_o we_o consider_v 1._o the_o more_o famous_a solitaria_fw-la rhodes_n malta_n lemnos_n helena_n st._n thomas_n 2._o a_o knot_n or_o heap_v of_o isle_n together_o as_o the_o canary_n isles_n the_o flandrian_a or_o caribbe_n isle_n the_o hesperides_n those_o of_o the_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n of_o maldives_n of_o japan_n about_o madagascar_n the_o moluccoe_n and_o isle_n of_o bauda_n the_o philippine_n isle_n the_o isle_n of_o thief_n the_o isle_n in_o the_o aegean_a sea_n the_o isle_n about_o england_n the_o isle_n of_o solomon_n 4._o the_o isthmuse_n between_o egypt_n and_o arabia_n or_o africa_n and_o asia_n that_o of_o corinth_n between_o peloponesus_fw-la and_o achaia_n the_o isthmus_n of_o panama_n or_o america_n the_o long_a of_o all_o between_o jutland_n and_o holsatia_n between_o malacca_n and_o india_n of_o absolute_a geography_n sect_n iii_o wherein_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o land_n or_o the_o dry_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o four_o chapter_n be_v declare_v chap._n viii_o concern_v the_o natural_a division_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n make_v from_o the_o ocean_n flow_v round_o about_o it_o the_o thing_n which_o in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v deliver_v concern_v the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n we_o shall_v teach_v touch_v the_o division_n of_o the_o sea_n will_v great_o facilitate_v the_o young_a student_n in_o the_o understanding_n the_o distinction_n of_o the_o surface_n and_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o to_o fix_v they_o the_o fast_o in_o the_o memory_n they_o be_v careful_o and_o full_o to_o be_v read_v and_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o terrestrial_a artificial_a globe_n and_o map_n proposition_n i._n a_o certain_a portion_n of_o earth_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n and_o a_o certain_a part_n stand_v out_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n water_n of_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n cover_v and_o of_o part_n not_o cover_v with_o water_n but_o yet_o there_o be_v some_o part_n which_o at_o some_o time_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n and_o some_o part_n be_v free_a from_o they_o and_o conspicuous_a as_o many_o island_n by_o norway_n scotland_n and_o other_o country_n add_v to_o these_o the_o bed_n or_o shelf_n of_o sand_n and_o seashore_n but_o see_v these_o part_n be_v so_o small_a we_o take_v no_o account_n of_o they_o at_o present_a neither_o will_v we_o move_v that_o question_n here_o whether_o the_o land_n take_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o whether_o the_o water_n we_o will_v treat_v of_o this_o brief_o in_o the_o eighteen_o chapter_n now_o we_o will_v confider_v the_o part_n stand_v up_o or_o extant_a above_o the_o water_n and_o we_o will_v call_v it_o land_n or_o island_n proposition_n ii_o sort_n the_o earth_n stand_v out_o above_o the_o water_n not_o one_o but_o many_o land_n of_o which_o may_v be_v five_o sort_n the_o land_n or_o earth_n stand_v out_o above_o the_o water_n be_v not_o one_o and_o continual_a but_o many_o land_n divide_v and_o disjoin_v from_o one_o another_o by_o the_o water_n flow_v it_o between_o they_o we_o will_v make_v five_o difference_n of_o they_o to_o wit_n 1._o the_o great_a land_n or_o island_n 2._o the_o great_a one_o 3._o the_o mean_a one_o 4._o the_o little_a one_o and_o 5._o the_o least_o one_o we_o will_v treat_v of_o the_o cause_n and_o original_n of_o these_o land_n extant_a or_o above_o the_o water_n or_o of_o the_o island_n in_o the_o eighteen_o chapter_n for_o there_o will_v be_v a_o more_o commodious_a place_n to_o treat_v of_o this_o matter_n or_o subject_n but_o all_o land_n extant_a above_o the_o water_n be_v to_o be_v call_v island_n see_v that_o a_o island_n be_v no_o other_o thing_n then_o a_o land_n begird_v with_o water_n island_n all_o land_n extant_a above_o the_o water_n may_v be_v call_v island_n yet_o the_o common_a use_n of_o speak_v have_v take_v away_o from_o the_o great_a land_n this_o name_n because_o that_o they_o be_v so_o great_a and_o of_o such_o a_o huge_a tract_n and_o continuance_n that_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o water_n be_v thereby_o the_o less_o to_o be_v perceive_v insomuch_o that_o they_o be_v usual_o call_v the_o firm_a land_n and_o also_o great_a continent_n and_o indeed_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o vast_a bulk_n and_o greatness_n unto_o which_o the_o magnitude_n of_o other_o island_n be_v compare_v be_v small_a they_o deserve_v this_o peculiar_a name_n therefore_o we_o will_v also_o call_v they_o firm_a land_n and_o great_a continent_n proposition_n iii_o four_o the_o firm_a land_n four_o the_o great_a land_n continent_n or_o island_n not_o contend_v with_o any_o about_o their_o name_n be_v four_o first_o the_o old_a world_n second_o the_o new_a world_n or_o america_n three_o the_o polar_a land_n arctic_a or_o arctic_a world_n and_o four_o the_o south-land_n or_o magellanick_n land_n etc._n the_o old_a world_n most_o famous_a with_o its_o bound_n etc._n etc._n the_o old_a world_n the_o most_o famous_a of_o those_o four_o and_o only_o know_v of_o the_o ancient_n which_o we_o inhabit_v be_v common_o divide_v by_o the_o sea_n into_o two_o part_n but_o join_v together_o by_o a_o isthmus_n or_o narrow_a neck_n of_o land_n one_o whereof_o be_v africa_n and_o the_o other_o asia_n and_o europe_n it_o be_v environ_v by_o the_o ocean_n in_o this_o manner_n from_o the_o east_n by_o the_o chinean_a ocean_n and_o the_o pacifick_n sea_n from_o the_o south_n by_o the_o indian_a ocean_n and_o aethiopick_n sea_n from_o the_o west_n by_o the_o atlantic_a sea_n and_o from_o the_o north_n by_o the_o freeze_a or_o north_n sea_n the_o white_a sea_n and_o tartarian_a ocean_n the_o division_n of_o this_o continent_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v be_v make_v by_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o the_o arabic_a bay_n or_o red-sea_n europe_n africa_n divide_v from_o asia_n and_o europe_n for_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o bay_n that_o be_v the_o latitude_n or_o breadth_n of_o the_o intercedent_a tract_n be_v not_o great_a than_o about_o 30_o mile_n if_o which_o be_v away_o africa_n will_v make_v a_o peculiar_a firm_a land_n and_o will_v increase_v the_o number_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o old_a world_n towards_o the_o east_n be_v but_o a_o very_a little_a space_n from_o the_o new_a world_n or_o america_n new_a the_o distance_n of_o the_o old_a world_n from_o the_o new_a about_o the_o straight_a of_o anian_n if_o only_o this_o be_v existent_a in_o the_o universe_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o distance_n of_o europe_n from_o america_n be_v also_o very_o little_a between_o norway_n and_o newfoundland_n also_o the_o old_a world_n be_v but_o a_o very_a small_a distance_n from_o the_o pole_n artick-land_n about_o the_o straight_a of_o waigat_n from_o the_o south_n polar_a or_o magellan_n about_o new_a guiney_n the_o new_a world_n or_o america_n be_v thus_o begird_v by_o the_o ocean_n on_o the_o east_n by_o the_o atlantic_a sea_n etc._n the_o new_a world_n with_o its_o bound_n etc._n etc._n on_o the_o south_n by_o the_o magellanick_n straight_o on_o the_o west_n by_o the_o pacifick_n sea_n and_o on_o the_o north_n by_o a_o sea_n unknown_a or_o uncertain_a except_o davis_n straight_o this_o world_n also_o want_v but_o little_a but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v cut_v into_o two_o island_n to_o wit_n at_o panama_n and_o nombre_n de_fw-fr dios_fw-es where_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o pacifick_n and_o atlantic_a ocean_n be_v by_o a_o small_a tract_n of_o earth_n intercept_v it_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o old_a world_n a_o very_a little_a space_n as_o before_o note_v etc._n the_o polar_a arctic_a and_o south_n land_n with_o its_o bound_n etc._n etc._n the_o polar_a arctic_a and_o the_o south_n or_o austral_a land_n be_v begird_v round_o with_o the_o sea_n the_o first_o with_o the_o north_n sea_n who_o part_n be_v
the_o strait_n of_o davis_n waigat_n and_o anian_a this_o south-land_n with_o the_o pacifick-sea_n indian_a ocean_n and_o magellanick_n streight_n the_o polar_a arctic_a land_n have_v a_o very_a little_a distance_n at_o the_o straight_a of_o waigat_n from_o the_o old_a world_n from_o america_n at_o the_o straight_a of_o davis_n but_o it_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o south-land_n by_o a_o huge_a space_n the_o polar_a austral_a or_o rather_o the_o south-land_n be_v very_o nigh_o to_o the_o old_a world_n at_o the_o run_v out_o tract_n of_o new_a guiney_n as_o also_o to_o america_n at_o the_o straight_a of_o magellan_n but_o concern_v the_o south-land_n only_o we_o have_v assure_o discover_v that_o it_o be_v round_o about_o environ_v with_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o rest_n concern_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o land_n to_o wit_n the_o old_a world_n america_n and_o the_o pole_n arctic_a world_n the_o matter_n and_o discovery_n be_v not_o yet_o certain_a whether_o they_o be_v round_o about_o begird_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o separate_v from_o one_o another_o but_o yet_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a they_o be_v so_o by_o reason_n of_o divers_a bay_n and_o entrance_n of_o start_n run_v within_o the_o earth_n the_o south-land_n only_o as_o yet_o be_v full_o sail_v about_o this_o can_v not_o be_v hitherto_o perform_v in_o the_o rest_n for_o the_o old_a world_n as_o yet_o have_v not_o be_v sail_v round_o beyond_o waigat_n straight_o although_o the_o whole_a western_a southern_a eastern_a shore_n have_v be_v view_v and_o that_o but_o a_o little_a part_n of_o the_o north_n shore_n remain_v to_o be_v discover_v america_n have_v be_v sail_v round_o only_a part_n of_o her_o septentrional_a shore_n be_v except_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o strait_n or_o narrow_a sea_n thus_o have_v we_o declare_v the_o place_n of_o the_o great_a island_n or_o continent_n proposition_n iu._n ilandâ—_n ten_o great_a ilandâ—_n we_o reckon_v up_o ten_o great_a island_n on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o land_n which_o be_v these_o follow_v 1._o britain_n comprehend_v england_n and_o scotland_n it_o be_v esteem_v the_o great_a of_o all_o island_n which_o be_v common_o so_o call_v those_o be_v exclude_v which_o in_o the_o forego_n proposition_n we_o have_v relate_v at_o large_a 2._o japan_n which_o in_o map_n and_o globe_n have_v a_o lesser_a magnitude_n than_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v for_o they_o which_o have_v be_v there_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v as_o great_a if_o not_o great_a than_o britain_n 3._o luconia_n one_o of_o the_o philippine_n isle_n which_o also_o from_o its_o metropolitan_a town_n be_v call_v manilha_n 4._o madagascar_n or_o st._n laurence_n seat_v on_o the_o eastern_a shore_n of_o africa_n 5._o sumatra_n one_o of_o the_o indian_a isle_n 6._o borneo_n not_o far_o from_o sumatra_n 7._o island_n not_o far_o from_o norway_n 8._o newfoundland_n nigh_o unto_o canada_n 9_o between_o davis_n streight_n and_o hudson_n straight_o in_o the_o northern_a ocean_n lie_v a_o great_a island_n about_o the_o polar_a land_n which_o according_a to_o visher_n universal_a table_n be_v in_o form_n round_o 10._o nova_fw-la zembla_n nigh_o unto_o russia_n to_o these_o be_v california_n to_o be_v also_o number_v if_o that_o be_v a_o island_n which_o it_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v and_o not_o a_o part_n of_o america_n proposition_n v._n we_o number_v up_o ten_o mean_a island_n on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n viz._n 1._o java_n one_o of_o the_o indian_a isle_n 2._o cuba_n nigh_o unto_o hispaniola_n 3._o hispaniola_n 4._o ireland_n nigh_o unto_o england_n 5._o crete_n or_o candia_n not_o far_o from_o greece_n 6._o sicily_n nigh_o unto_o italy_n 7._o ceylan_n one_o of_o the_o indian_a isle_n 8._o mindanao_n one_o of_o the_o philippine_n isle_n 9_o sardinia_n seat_v in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n 10._o celebe_n in_o the_o indian_a ocean_n to_o these_o may_v be_v number_v friezland_n a_o isle_n not_o far_o from_o island_n proposition_n vi._n isle_n ten_o little_a isle_n we_o will_v also_o number_v ten_o little_a island_n on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o wit_n 1._o gilolo_n one_o of_o the_o indian_a isle_n 2._o amboina_fw-la not_o far_o from_o gilolo_n 3._o timor_fw-la one_o of_o the_o indian_a isle_n 4._o jamaica_n in_o the_o bay_n of_o mexico_n 5._o sealand_n in_o denmark_n 6._o corsica_n seat_v in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n 7._o eubaea_n now_o negropont_n seat_v in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n 8._o majorca_n nigh_o unto_o spain_n 9_o cyprus_n 10._o isabel_n in_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n there_o be_v more_o island_n which_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o this_o rank_n but_o we_o shall_v refer_v they_o to_o the_o last_o order_n of_o they_o as_o more_o commodious_a proposition_n vii_o isle_n the_o least_o isle_n of_o the_o least_o island_n there_o be_v almost_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n among_o which_o these_o follow_a deserve_v a_o peculiar_a consideration_n first_o the_o famous_a solitary_a island_n second_o those_o which_o be_v find_v in_o great_a number_n in_o some_o tract_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o for_o their_o neighbourhood_n be_v comprehend_v under_o one_o name_n we_o shall_v term_v they_o in_o general_a a_o body_n or_o fry_n of_o island_n because_o we_o be_v leave_v destitute_a of_o a_o more_o fit_a name_n the_o tract_n of_o sea_n wherein_o these_o isle_n lie_v be_v call_v the_o archipelago_n the_o notable_a solitary_a island_n be_v in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n rhodes_n malta_n ivisa_fw-la minorca_n chios_n cephalonia_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n between_o africa_n and_o brazile_n lie_v the_o island_n of_o st._n helen_n where_o also_o the_o island_n of_o the_o ascension_n the_o isle_n of_o st._n thomas_n be_v place_v in_o the_o very_a equator_fw-la the_o island_n madera_n over_o against_o the_o gaditan_a streight_n zocotora_fw-la seat_v before_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o arabian_a bay_n gothland_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n among_o the_o notable_a solitary_a isle_n those_o be_v also_o worthy_a of_o remembrance_n which_o swim_v on_o the_o water_n of_o which_o see_v chapter_n eighteen_o proposition_n viii_o there_o be_v fifteen_o fry_n or_o file_n of_o the_o least_o island_n number_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n isle_n the_o lesser_a isle_n to_o wit_n 1._o the_o canary_n island_n in_o the_o atlantic_a sea_n 2._o the_o isle_n of_o azore_n in_o the_o northern_a sea_n 3._o the_o island_n of_o hesperide_n or_o the_o green_a island_n over_o against_o cape_n verd._n 4._o the_o island_n of_o maldives_n in_o indian_a ocean_n 5._o the_o lucar_n island_n between_o florida_n and_o cuba_n nigh_o unto_o america_n 6._o the_o prince_n island_n between_o hispaniola_n and_o america_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v and_o reduce_v all_o the_o least_o island_n seat_v in_o the_o bay_n of_o mexico_n 7._o the_o camercan_a isle_n lie_v before_o hispaniola_n 8._o the_o mascarenian_a island_n between_o madagascar_n and_o africa_n 9_o the_o molucco_n island_n seat_v in_o the_o indian_a ocean_n 10._o the_o philippine_n island_n in_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n 11._o the_o aegean_a island_n 12._o the_o japonian_a isle_n 13._o the_o island_n of_o solomon_n in_o the_o pacifick_n sea_n 14._o the_o isle_n of_o thief_n in_o the_o archipelago_n of_o st._n lazarus_n 15._o the_o isle_n of_o banda_n nigh_o unto_o java_n 16._o the_o island_n situate_a near_o england_n and_o scotland_n as_o the_o hebrides_n orcades_n sourling_n sporades_n etc._n etc._n 17._o the_o island_n between_o the_o magellanick_n streight_n and_o the_o straight_a le_fw-fr maire_n reckon_v other_o isle_n may_v be_v reckon_v here_o i_o do_v not_o reckon_v to_o these_o those_o island_n which_o lie_v close_o on_o the_o shore_n of_o some_o continent_n in_o great_a number_n as_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n norway_n brazile_n davises_n streight_n etc._n etc._n unto_o this_o rank_n also_o the_o island_n in_o great_a river_n be_v to_o be_v refer_v and_o marshal_v as_o such_o as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o river_n nile_n in_o the_o river_n of_o st._n laurence_n of_o canada_n in_o the_o river_n wolga_n and_o in_o some_o other_o river_n as_o also_o those_o which_o be_v in_o certain_a lake_n as_o in_o the_o lake_n zembre_n a_o lake_n in_o africa_n in_o south_n america_n where_o the_o island_n of_o lead_n be_v situate_a in_o a_o lake_n etc._n etc._n but_o all_o or_o most_o of_o these_o isle_n especial_o these_o aforego_n together_o with_o several_a other_o i_o have_v large_o treat_v of_o in_o the_o geographical_a description_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o world_n in_o their_o fit_a place_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n proposition_n ix_o the_o part_n of_o all_o land_n or_o island_n be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o shape_n or_o figure_n but_o be_v unlike_a the_o more_o famous_a difference_n of_o these_o be_v a_o peninsula_n and_o a_o isthmus_n
above_o one_o german_n mile_n if_o we_o take_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n one_o degree_n the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n athos_n will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v 20_o stadium_n yet_o notwithstanding_o i_o esteem_v the_o over_o great_a distance_n of_o lemnos_n from_o the_o mountain_n athos_n assign_v by_o pliny_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o overgreat_a magnitude_n arise_v from_o the_o calculation_n for_o sophians_n tuble_n of_o greece_n and_o blavius_fw-la his_o table_n of_o modern_a greece_n do_v only_o exhibit_v and_o allow_v 55_o italian_a mile_n the_o distance_n for_o f_o a._n therefore_o the_o angle_n f_o r_o t_o shall_v scarce_o be_v one_o degree_n to_o wit_n 55_o minute_n and_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n one_o degree_n 30_o minute_n and_o therefore_o f_o r_n t_o 87_o degree_n 35_o minute_n and_o if_o it_o be_v do_v in_o the_o triangle_n f_o r_o t_o as_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n f_o r_o t_o 87_o degree_n 35_o minute_n to_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n t_o r_o r_n 91_o degree_n 30_o minute_n so_o f_o r_n 860_o to_o r_o t._n or_o in_o the_o triangle_n t_o f_o a_o straight_o angle_v to_o a_o the_o angle_n t_o f_o a_o shall_v be_v one_o degree_n 30_o minute_n and_o f_o a_o be_v assume_v as_o the_o strait_a or_o right_o of_o 55_o mile_n the_o altitude_n a_o t_o shall_v be_v find_v according_a to_o this_o proportion_n as_o the_o whole_a sign_n to_o the_o tangent_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n t_o f_o a_o one_o degree_n 30_o minute_n so_o f_o a_o 55_o mile_n to_o a_o t_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n here_o also_o be_v the_o problem_n to_o be_v answer_v viz._n how_o the_o height_n of_o any_o mountain_n may_v be_v find_v if_o it_o be_v full_o search_v out_o how_o much_o soon_o the_o sun_n be_v see_v to_o rise_v in_o the_o top_n of_o that_o mountain_n than_o at_o the_o foot_n thereof_o and_o contrariwise_o if_o the_o altitude_n be_v give_v how_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n this_o difference_n of_o time_n be_v to_o be_v find_v out_o touch_v which_o matter_n aristotle_n and_o pliny_n have_v deliver_v incredible_a story_n and_o such_o as_o the_o true_a calculation_n and_o account_n do_v teach_v to_o be_v evident_o otherwise_o but_o see_v this_o can_v be_v explicate_v without_o the_o solution_n of_o another_o problem_n which_o we_o have_v refer_v to_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o book_n therefore_o we_o will_v defer_v these_o two_o problem_n to_o the_o thirty_o chapter_n proposition_n vii_o the_o altitude_n of_o mountain_n have_v no_o sensible_a proportion_n to_o the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o so_o little_a that_o it_o hinder_v the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n no_o more_o than_o a_o point_a note_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n earth_n the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n no_o hindrance_n to_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o island_n teneriff_n call_v el_n pico_n de_fw-fr tayde_v to_o have_v no_o great_a altitude_n than_o one_o mile_n or_o at_o most_o 1½_n mile_n and_o certain_o experience_n can_v scarce_o find_v out_o a_o mountain_n high_o than_o that_o see_v therefore_o the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v 860_o mile_n it_o shall_v be_v the_o model_n and_o account_n of_o the_o great_a height_n of_o the_o mountain_n to_o the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v 1_o to_o 860_o to_o wit_n of_o which_o part_v the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o any_o globe_n be_v 360_o one_o of_o such_o the_o great_a height_n of_o the_o mountain_n shall_v have_v and_o whereas_o there_o be_v very_o few_o mountain_n of_o so_o great_a height_n but_o that_o very_o many_o of_o they_o scarce_o ascend_v to_o the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o mile_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o heave_v or_o lift_v up_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n no_o more_o than_o certain_a ruggedness_n in_o globe_n make_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o artificer_n do_v disproportion_n the_o roundness_n of_o those_o globe_n for_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o body_n in_o the_o whole_a nature_n of_o thing_n that_o can_v have_v a_o exact_a geometrical_a roundness_n proposition_n viii_o why_o shower_n of_o rain_n mist_n and_o snow_n be_v frequent_a on_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n when_o as_o in_o the_o neighbour_a valley_n the_o air_n be_v serene_a and_o calm_a without_o any_o such_o meteor_n valley_n shower_n of_o rain_n snow_n mist_n etc._n etc._n on_o â—he_n top_n of_o mountain_n when_o not_o in_o the_o valley_n they_o which_o have_v travel_v on_o the_o high_a land_n or_o mountainous_a place_n of_o asia_n peruvia_n and_o other_o country_n aver_v that_o it_o oft_o fall_v out_o that_o they_o which_o be_v conversant_a on_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n do_v there_o feel_v and_o find_v shower_n of_o rain_n snow_n and_o thick_a and_o foggy_a mist_n but_o descend_v thence_o to_o the_o valley_n lie_v thereunder_o they_o feel_v no_o such_o thing_n but_o find_v a_o clear_a and_o calm_a air._n we_o sometime_o observe_v the_o same_o in_o the_o mountain_n of_o our_o own_o country_n some_o say_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n or_o appearance_n be_v that_o the_o mountain_n attract_v thither_o the_o air_n and_o cloud_n but_o they_o do_v not_o declare_v by_o what_o faculty_n or_o power_n they_o may_v do_v it_o and_o therefore_o they_o say_v nothing_o to_o the_o purpose_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o it_o be_v do_v in_o this_o manner_n the_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n when_o as_o in_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n in_o which_o very_o many_o top_n of_o mountain_n be_v they_o be_v condensated_a into_o small_a drop_n begin_v to_o decline_v downward_o and_o because_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n be_v near_o to_o those_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n condensated_a in_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n than_o the_o valley_n lie_v under_o they_o therefore_o those_o small_a drop_n which_o be_v above_o those_o mountain_n top_n come_v first_o to_o the_o ground_n leave_v a_o place_n in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o air_n which_o present_o the_o next_o small_a drop_n do_v enjoy_v because_o they_o be_v force_v and_o thrust_v forth_o by_o other_o either_o by_o reason_n of_o nature_n abhor_v and_o shun_v of_o vacuity_n or_o emptiness_n or_o because_o this_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o water_n that_o it_o flow_v and_o run_v to_o that_o place_n where_o its_o flux_n or_o flow_v first_o begin_v or_o where_o the_o place_n be_v more_o low_a and_o sink_v proposition_n ix_o whether_o the_o superficies_n of_o a_o mountain_n be_v more_o capacious_a than_o the_o plane_n underneath_o it_o upon_o who_o it_o stand_v mountain_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o mountain_n geometry_n prove_v it_o to_o be_v great_a but_o yet_o it_o be_v another_o question_n whether_o therefore_o it_o can_v sustain_v the_o more_o man_n or_o bear_v the_o great_a plenty_n of_o provision_n i_o prove_v the_o affirmative_a for_o although_o all_o thing_n place_v in_o a_o movatain_a aught_o to_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o under_o sink_v or_o place_v plane_n yet_o great_a store_n of_o earth_n and_o a_o great_a surface_n be_v there_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o difference_n and_o tract_n of_o mountain_n and_o in_o special_a concern_v burn_a mountain_n proposition_n i._o some_o mountain_n be_v bound_v about_o with_o a_o little_a space_n other_o extend_v themselves_o out_o and_o march_v forth_o at_o a_o long_a reach_n and_o trace_v hill_n of_o mountain_n or_o hill_n and_o these_o mountain_n or_o hill_n of_o the_o late_a sort_n be_v call_v top_n yoke_n or_o chain_n of_o mountain_n or_o hill_n there_o be_v find_v such_o like_a chain_n of_o mountain_n or_o hill_n almost_o in_o all_o country_n in_o the_o world_n so_o that_o they_o may_v be_v judge_v to_o be_v thereby_o continual_a but_o that_o small_a space_n interpose_v and_o thrust_v in_o themselves_o but_o they_o march_v out_o at_o length_n into_o divers_a coast_n some_o from_o the_o north_n into_o the_o south_n some_o from_o the_o east_n into_o the_o west_n and_o othersome_a to_o coast_n collateral_a to_o the_o cardinal_n point_v the_o most_o famous_a chain_n or_o cliff_n of_o hill_n be_v these_o follow_v alps_n of_o the_o hill_n or_o mountain_n call_v the_o alps_n 1._o the_o alps_n which_o separate_v italy_n from_o the_o neighbour_a country_n extend_v themselves_o out_o by_o a_o vast_a tract_n of_o earth_n and_o do_v as_o it_o be_v send_v forth_o their_o arm_n into_o other_o province_n and_o country_n to_o wit_n through_o france_n to_o spain_n where_o they_o be_v call_v the_o pyrenean_n hill_n or_o mountain_n and_o to_o rhetia_n where_o they_o be_v call_v the_o rhetick_a hill_n and_o to_o hungaria_n where_o they_o be_v name_v the_o hungarian_a mountain_n and_o doubtful_a one_o then_o
4._o some_o be_v sandy_a some_o rocky_a clay_n or_o chalky_a 5._o some_o include_v or_o contain_v the_o spring_n of_o river_n whereas_o other_o be_v without_o they_o 6._o some_o be_v adorn_v with_o wood_n and_o other_o some_o destitute_a of_o tree_n 7._o some_o be_v burn_v and_o smoke_v whereas_o other_o be_v without_o fire_n 8._o some_o be_v rich_a in_o metal_n and_o other_o without_o they_o 9_o and_o some_o mountain_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n all_o the_o year_n whereas_o other_o have_v no_o snow_n at_o all_o proposition_n v._o to_o enumerate_v the_o burn_a mountain_n and_o those_o that_o cast_v out_o flame_n mountain_n of_o vulcan_n or_o burn_a mountain_n such_o mountain_n at_o this_o day_n be_v call_v vulcan_n which_o appellation_n the_o portugal_n marines_n first_o introduce_v and_o now_o be_v common_o so_o call_v and_o such_o be_v 1._o the_o most_o famous_a be_v aetna_n aetna_n mount_v aetna_n a_o mountain_n in_o sicilia_n at_o this_o day_n call_v gebel_n from_o who_o top_n the_o eject_v flame_n and_o smoke_n be_v discover_v at_o a_o long_a distance_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n even_o to_o malta_n which_o be_v 40_o german_a mile_n howbeit_o that_o the_o ejaculation_n of_o the_o flame_n be_v continual_a yet_o notwithstanding_o sometime_o it_o rage_v with_o a_o great_a force_n in_o the_o year_n 1537._o from_o the_o first_o of_o may_n to_o the_o twelve_o earthquake_n a_o great_a strange_a earthquake_n all_o sicilia_n be_v shake_v with_o a_o earthquake_n than_o a_o great_a and_o horrible_a noise_n be_v hear_v as_o if_o canon_n have_v be_v fire_v there_o follow_v the_o destruction_n of_o many_o edifice_n throughout_o the_o whole_a isle_n when_o that_o this_o storm_n have_v continue_v for_o eleven_o day_n the_o earth_n be_v rend_v in_o twain_o or_o open_v itself_o with_o a_o vast_a gulf_n whence_o a_o great_a flame_n and_o fire_n break_v forth_o by_o which_o within_o the_o space_n of_o four_o day_n all_o be_v consume_v and_o burn_v which_o be_v not_o distant_a above_o five_o mile_n from_o aetna_n a_o little_a after_o the_o funnel_n which_o be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n for_o three_o day_n cast_v forth_o a_o abundance_n of_o ash_n and_o coal_n which_o be_v not_o only_o disperse_v throughout_o all_o the_o isle_n but_o also_o beyond_o the_o sea_n into_o italy_n and_o the_o ship_n in_o the_o sea_n about_o 200_o league_n distant_a steer_v towards_o venice_n be_v much_o damnify_v farellus_n have_v at_o large_a describe_v the_o fire_n of_o this_o mountain_n and_o do_v also_o say_v that_o the_o foot_n of_o it_o be_v 100_o italian_a mile_n in_o circuit_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1669._o the_o flame_n break_v forth_o in_o a_o violent_a manner_n to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o part_n hecla_n mount_v hecla_n 2._o hecla_o a_o mountain_n of_o island_n do_v sometime_o rage_n as_o much_o as_o aetna_n and_o cast_v forth_o great_a stone_n and_o continual_a fire_n in_o it_o want_v a_o free_a evacuation_n oftentimes_o send_v forth_o noise_n like_v unto_o lamentation_n thence_o many_o simple_a people_n suppose_v that_o there_o be_v the_o place_n of_o hell_n where_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o damn_a be_v torment_v soma_fw-it vesuvius_n or_o monte_fw-fr de_fw-fr soma_fw-it 3._o vesuvius_n at_o this_o day_n mont_fw-fr de_fw-fr soma_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n of_o naples_n be_v plant_v with_o most_o fertile_a vine_n which_o without_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conflagration_n make_v the_o best_a falernum_fw-la but_o it_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o frequent_a burn_n dion_n cassius_n relate_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o vespasian_n its_o conflagration_n and_o the_o force_n of_o its_o flame_n be_v so_o vehement_a that_o the_o ash_n cast_v forth_o from_o its_o bottom_n with_o the_o sulphureous_a smoke_n be_v not_o only_o carry_v by_o the_o wind_n to_o rome_n but_o also_o beyond_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n into_o africa_n even_o to_o egypt_n moreover_o the_o bird_n be_v suffocate_v in_o the_o air_n fall_v to_o the_o earth_n the_o fish_n perish_v in_o the_o adjacent_a infect_v warm_a and_o frequent_a water_n concern_v this_o conflagration_n and_o the_o sad_a mutation_n of_o the_o mountain_n there_o be_v a_o excellent_a epigram_n in_o martial_a who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n and_o see_v the_o mountain_n in_o its_o verdure_n and_o afterward_o bury_v in_o its_o ash_n but_o then_o the_o conflagration_n cease_v and_o the_o shower_n water_v the_o sulphureous_a embers_o and_o ash_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o mountain_n here_o and_o there_o be_v great_a fertility_n of_o wine_n but_o again_o within_o these_o few_o year_n this_o mountain_n burn_v a_o fresh_a and_o send_v forth_o a_o abundance_n of_o smoak_n the_o adjacent_a land_n be_v burn_v and_o become_v dangerous_a to_o traveller_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a pit_n which_o the_o flame_n cause_v note_n a_o mountain_n in_o java_n worthy_a of_o note_n 4._o a_o mountain_n in_o the_o island_n of_o java_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n panacura_n this_o in_o the_o year_n 1586._o when_v it_o have_v never_o burn_v before_o first_o be_v rend_v with_o a_o violent_a eruption_n of_o flame_a sulphur_n so_o that_o about_o 10000_o person_n be_v say_v to_o have_v perish_v in_o the_o neighbour_a place_n and_o it_o eject_v exceed_v great_a stone_n into_o the_o city_n and_o for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o day_n it_o vomit_v forth_o so_o much_o black_a smoke_n mix_v with_o ash_n and_o embers_o that_o it_o obscure_v the_o face_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o almost_o clothe_v day_n with_o night_n dark_a mantle_n gonnapi_n the_o mountain_n gonnapi_n 5._o gonnapi_fw-la a_o mountain_n in_o one_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o banda_n this_o in_o the_o year_n 1586._o in_o the_o month_n of_o april_n when_o that_o it_o have_v burn_v for_o 17_o year_n be_v rend_v with_o a_o great_a noise_n and_o cast_v forth_o such_o a_o abundance_n of_o great_a stone_n of_o sulphur_n and_o ardent_a matter_n on_o the_o sea_n and_o land_n that_o it_o astonish_v all_o person_n the_o abundance_n of_o ash_n and_o embers_o also_o render_v the_o cannon_n of_o the_o hollander_n in_o their_o castle_n unserviceable_a such_o a_o vast_a heap_n overwhelm_v they_o vast_a stone_n be_v find_v in_o the_o sea_n with_o a_o multitude_n of_o small_a one_o so_o that_o the_o bark_n have_v scarce_o a_o free_a passage_n the_o water_n on_o the_o shore_n so_o boil_a as_o if_o that_o fire_n have_v be_v place_v under_o it_o a_o abundance_n of_o fish_n be_v kill_v and_o see_v float_v on_o the_o water_n balaluanum_fw-la balaluanum_fw-la 6._o balaluanum_n a_o mountain_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o sumatra_n cast_v forth_o smoke_n and_o flame_n as_o aetna_n fire_n many_o place_n in_o the_o molucco_n isle_n cast_v forth_o fire_n 7._o in_o the_o molucco_n isle_n the_o land_n in_o many_o place_n belch_v forth_o fire_n with_o a_o huge_a noise_n but_o it_o be_v chief_o note_v for_o the_o funnel_n of_o turnate_a the_o mountain_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o cloud_n and_o very_o steep_a the_o low_a part_n of_o which_o be_v cover_v with_o thick_a wood_n the_o upper_a naked_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o fire_n on_o the_o top_n be_v the_o funnel_n of_o a_o vast_a wideness_n which_o be_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o amphitheatre_n with_o many_o circle_n the_o great_a include_v the_o lesser_a thence_o in_o the_o equinoctial_o especial_o those_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n certain_a wind_n blow_v chief_o the_o northern_a with_o a_o horrible_a noise_n flame_v mix_v with_o black_a smoke_n and_o embers_o break_v forth_o and_o fill_v all_o place_n to_o a_o great_a distance_n with_o ash_n there_o be_v annual_a season_n of_o see_v it_o neither_o can_v one_o ascend_v but_o by_o rope_n or_o chain_n in_o certain_a place_n maffaeus_n see_v maffaeus_n here_o in_o some_o place_n of_o this_o mountain_n the_o inhabitant_n gather_v good_a sulphur_n 8._o one_o of_o the_o island_n of_o maurice_n 60_o league_n distant_a from_o moluccoe_n oftentimes_o the_o whole_a isle_n be_v shake_v with_o a_o earthquake_n and_o vomit_v fire_n and_o ash_n and_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o abundance_n of_o fire_n that_o whole_a mountain_n and_o rock_n do_v burn_v oftentimes_o fiery_a stone_n break_v forth_o of_o a_o vast_a bigness_n when_o the_o wind_n be_v more_o vehement_a so_o vast_a a_o abundance_n of_o ash_n be_v pour_v forth_o that_o people_n labour_v in_o the_o field_n be_v force_v to_o return_v home_o be_v cover_v with_o ash_n those_o ash_n also_o kill_v their_o live_a creature_n from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n this_o black_a and_o dismal_a fire_n break_v forth_o with_o a_o dreadful_a noise_n like_v unto_o thunder_n or_o great_a gun_n and_o from_o thence_o come_v abundance_n of_o pumice_n stone_n and_o other_o stone_n burn_v in_o the_o fire_n note_n a_o mountain_n in_o japan_n worthy_a of_o note_n 9_o in_o japan_n as_o
therefore_o when_o that_o the_o spaniard_n first_o arrive_v in_o this_o golden_a kingdom_n which_o for_o that_o reason_n they_o have_v fortify_v with_o strong_a castle_n and_o fort_n in_o many_o city_n especial_o the_o regal_a city_n call_v cusco_n they_o behold_v many_o house_n spread_v within_o and_o without_o with_o plate_n of_o gold_n the_o most_o rich_a mine_n of_o silver_n be_v in_o the_o mountain_n potosi_n in_o which_o 20000_o man_n be_v employ_v to_o dig_v the_o earth_n descend_v by_o at_o least_o 400_o step_n and_o by_o these_o mine_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n receive_v a_o vast_a revenue_n annual_o to_o the_o envy_n of_o all_o other_o emperor_n and_o potentate_n 2._o the_o most_o excellent_a silver_n mine_n be_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o japan_n hence_o term_v by_o the_o spaniard_n the_o silver_n island_n there_o be_v also_o mine_n of_o gold_n find_v there_o but_o now_o less_o rich_a than_o former_o 3._o arabia_n have_v more_o abundance_n of_o mine_n of_o gold_n than_o at_o this_o day_n 4._o in_o the_o mountainous_a part_n of_o persia_n as_o also_o in_o china_n there_o be_v certain_a mine_n of_o silver_n 5._o in_o guiney_n be_v many_o mountain_n produce_v gold_n but_o yet_o remote_a from_o the_o shore_n gold_n this_o gold_n be_v call_v seed_n gold_n the_o gold_n be_v not_o dug_n up_o that_o come_v from_o thence_o but_o be_v gather_v by_o other_o way_n every_o one_o of_o their_o king_n be_v say_v to_o have_v their_o proper_a mine_n and_o sell_v the_o gold_n for_o which_o the_o european_n give_v in_o exchange_n other_o commodity_n 6._o in_o monomotapa_n there_o be_v find_v rich_a mine_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o also_o in_o angola_n 7._o of_o all_o the_o province_n of_o europe_n germany_n be_v the_o most_o rich_a in_o abundance_n of_o mine_n whereof_o some_o afford_v some_o little_a gold_n divers_a silver_n and_o very_o many_o copper_n iron_n lead_v vitriol_n antinomy_n and_o the_o like_a england_n rich_a mine_n in_o england_n 8._o in_o many_o part_n of_o england_n be_v rich_a mine_n of_o lead_n and_o tin_n which_o be_v sound_a very_o profitable_a to_o the_o kingdom_n not_o only_o by_o that_o which_o be_v use_v here_o at_o home_n but_o also_o by_o the_o great_a quantity_n which_o be_v transport_v to_o other_o country_n likewise_o mine_n of_o iron_n coal_n some_o of_o silver_n etc._n etc._n 9_o sweden_n have_v the_o most_o rich_a copper_n mine_n of_o any_o hitherto_o know_v in_o a_o vast_a mountain_n which_o they_o call_v den_n copperberg_n such_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o copper_n be_v dug_n that_o it_o be_v say_v to_o make_v up_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o king_n revenue_n there_o be_v also_o mine_n of_o silver_n and_o iron_n but_o they_o hardly_o discharge_v the_o expense_n in_o dig_v it_o jewel_n mine_n of_o jewel_n 10._o mine_n of_o jewel_n be_v find_v in_o the_o island_n of_o ceiland_n where_o there_o be_v also_o a_o silver_n i_o and_o a_o great_a marble_n i_o 11._o in_o the_o region_n of_o chili_n be_v rich_a mine_n of_o jewel_n as_o also_o of_o silver_n and_o gold_n but_o the_o warlike_a native_n have_v more_o esteem_n to_o iron_n weapon_n than_o to_o gold_n and_o silver_n have_v vanquish_v the_o spaniard_n and_o demolish_a the_o mine_n 12._o in_o the_o isle_n of_o madagascar_n iron_n and_o gold_n do_v much_o abound_v there_o be_v a_o moderate_a quantity_n of_o silver_n little_a gold_n no_o lead_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o native_n more_o value_v leaden_a dish_n and_o spoon_n than_o those_o of_o silver_n 13._o in_o the_o isle_n of_o sumatra_n they_o write_v that_o there_o be_v large_a mine_n of_o gold_n silver_n brass_n and_o iron_n insomuch_o that_o their_o king_n in_o the_o year_n 1620._o have_v by_o he_o 1000_o l._n weight_n of_o gold_n 14._o in_o the_o philippine_n isle_n java_n hispaniola_n cuba_n and_o the_o rest_n history_n record_v that_o mine_n of_o gold_n silver_n copper_n and_o iron_n be_v find_v in_o the_o mountain_n of_o siam_n also_o they_o relate_v that_o gold_n silver_n and_o tin_n be_v find_v mines_n salt_n mines_n 15._o mine_n of_o salt_n be_v find_v in_o poland_n at_o pochâ—iam_n four_o mile_n from_o cracovia_n where_o they_o cut_v of_o huge_a lump_n of_o lucid_n and_o white_a salt_n from_o the_o earth_n in_o transilvania_n in_o the_o county_n of_o triol_n in_o spain_n in_o asia_n minor_fw-la in_o kilisim_n a_o mountain_n of_o persia_n in_o place_n near_o the_o caspian_a sea_n not_o far_o from_o the_o river_n volga_n where_o be_v the_o island_n kostowata_n hence_o the_o russian_n dig_v their_o salt_n and_o boil_v it_o up_o to_o a_o more_o pure_a substance_n and_o transport_v it_o throughout_o all_o russia_n there_o be_v a_o salt_n mountain_n in_o cuba_n all_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ormus_n in_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o persian_a gulf_n consist_v of_o a_o crystalline_a salt_n yea_o the_o whole_a isle_n be_v almost_o nothing_o else_o but_o salt_n out_o of_o which_o they_o make_v the_o wall_n of_o their_o house_n in_o africa_n there_o be_v no_o other_o salt_n but_o what_o be_v dug_n out_o of_o the_o salt_n part_n of_o cave_n as_o marble_n be_v of_o a_o white_a red_z and_o ashy_a colour_n in_o peru_n 80_o mile_n from_o lima_n in_o a_o certain_a valley_n great_a plenty_n of_o salt_n be_v find_v whence_o every_o one_o may_v take_v what_o they_o please_v because_o it_o continual_o increase_v neither_o do_v it_o seem_v possible_a ever_o to_o be_v exhaust_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o musulipatan_n near_o the_o city_n baganaga_n great_a abundance_n of_o salt_n be_v dug_n up_o whence_o all_o the_o indian_n fetch_v it_o of_o salt_n fountain_n we_o shall_v speak_v in_o another_o chapter_n proposition_n ii_o a_o wood_n be_v a_o multitude_n of_o tree_n stretch_v forth_o in_o a_o long_a and_o continue_a tract_n of_o earth_n and_o propagate_v without_o any_o culture_n or_o dress_v and_o plant_v wood_n of_o wood_n most_o wood_n have_v only_a tree_n of_o one_o sort_n and_o be_v denominate_v from_o they_o and_o see_v that_o there_o be_v great_a variety_n of_o tree_n there_o be_v also_o various_a difference_n of_o wood_n as_o a_o wood_n consist_v of_o palm-tree_n be_v term_v palmetum_fw-la of_o oak_n quercetum_fw-la and_o the_o like_a although_o these_o term_n be_v frequent_o use_v for_o grove_n or_o less_o wood_n but_o they_o be_v divers_a in_o several_a region_n especial_o in_o those_o more_o remote_a in_o africa_n at_o cape_n verd_fw-mi be_v wood_n of_o citrian_n and_o orange-tree_n such_o as_o be_v also_o find_v in_o other_o place_n in_o france_n be_v whole_a wood_n of_o chestnut-tree_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o ceiland_n be_v tree_n who_o bark_n do_v afford_v cinnamon_n in_o banda_n be_v nuces_fw-la muscatae_fw-la in_o brasil_n be_v wood_n of_o tree_n call_v brasil_n of_o great_a use_n for_o dyer_n in_o madagascar_n be_v tamerind_v tree_n as_o also_o in_o other_o place_n cedar_n on_o mount_n lebanus_n of_o which_o whole_a wood_n be_v also_o find_v in_o japan_n so_o that_o they_o use_v they_o for_o mast_n for_o ship_n in_o spain_n france_n and_o italy_n be_v olive_n and_o myrtle_n tree_n in_o germany_n the_o wood_n consist_v of_o beech_n oak_n alder_n pine_n juniper_n maple_n fir_n ash_n and_o elm._n the_o most_o note_a wood_n or_o forest_n be_v that_o of_o hercinia_n which_o in_o time_n pass_v almost_o overspread_v all_o germany_n part_n of_o it_o be_v the_o bohemian_a wood_n and_o bacen_n or_o semana_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswick_n gabrata_n martiana_n and_o other_o in_o england_n the_o wood_n consist_v of_o oak_n elm_n ash_n beech_n and_o maple_n tree_n in_o scotland_n the_o famous_a wood_n call_v caledonia_n and_o other_o in_o other_o place_n especial_o in_o norway_n where_o there_o be_v a_o abundance_n of_o vast_a tree_n above_o all_o other_o country_n in_o europe_n call_v fir_n tree_n whence_o all_o the_o mast_n of_o ship_n almost_o throughout_o europe_n be_v make_v lithuania_n have_v almost_o nought_o else_o but_o tree_n whence_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v a_o great_a revenue_n proposition_n iii_o desert_n be_v vast_a tract_n of_o land_n not_o inhabit_v by_o man_n they_o be_v twofold_a those_o proper_o so_o term_v and_o those_o improper_o the_o former_a be_v those_o who_o soil_n or_o earth_n be_v sterile_a desert_n of_o desert_n the_o latter_a which_o indeed_o be_v fertile_a but_o not_o inhabit_v by_o man_n as_o in_o many_o place_n in_o muscovia_n about_o the_o caspian_a sea_n from_o the_o shore_n of_o volga_n be_v many_o fertile_a and_o fat_a field_n which_o lie_v uncultivated_a and_o chief_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o sloth_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n as_o also_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o war_n of_o tamerlane_n by_o which_o those_o country_n be_v depopulate_v but_o these_o be_v less_o proper_o term_v desert_n of_o those_o proper_o so_o term_v
southern_a ocean_n 2._o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n lie_v between_o the_o occidental_a coast_n of_o america_n and_o asia_n in_o a_o long_a tract_n even_o to_o the_o isle_n of_o india_n and_o to_o china_n 3._o the_o hyperboreal_a ocean_n about_o the_o north_n polary_n land_n 4._o the_o southern_a ocean_n about_o the_o south_n continent_n part_n of_o which_o ocean_n be_v the_o indian_a ocean_n other_o geographer_n make_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n by_o another_o difference_n or_o division_n one_o of_o which_o they_o make_v the_o atlantic_a but_o extend_v it_o not_o beyond_o the_o equator_fw-la for_o here_o they_o begin_v the_o second_o which_o they_o call_v the_o ethiopic_a for_o the_o three_o they_o reckon_v the_o pacifick_n with_o we_o the_o four_o they_o make_v to_o be_v the_o indian_a ocean_n but_o we_o in_o our_o division_n have_v regard_n unto_o the_o four_o great_a continent_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o to_o the_o great_a isle_n we_o may_v make_v three_o part_n viz._n the_o atlantic_a the_o pacifick_n and_o the_o indian_a ocean_n but_o then_o we_o extend_v the_o atlantic_a further_n the_o matter_n be_v of_o no_o great_a moment_n so_o that_o either_o may_v be_v choose_v for_o this_o division_n rather_o depend_v on_o our_o invention_n than_o on_o nature_n proposition_n iu._n the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n receive_v denomination_n from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o land_n they_o pass_v by_o so_o we_o say_v the_o cantabrian_a the_o british_a german_a indian_a chinesan_a ocean_n and_o the_o like_a proposition_n v._o the_o bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v twofold_a long_a and_o broad_a ocean_n the_o bay_n in_o the_o ocean_n they_o be_v also_o twofold_a in_o another_o respect_n to_o wit_n primary_o and_o secondary_o they_o begin_v from_o the_o ocean_n these_o from_o another_o bay_n or_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o primary_n bay_n the_o long_a primary_n be_v these_o sea_n mediterranean_n sea_n 1._o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n it_o break_v in_o from_o the_o ocean_n between_o spain_n and_o barbary_n and_o for_o a_o long_a space_n run_v between_o europe_n and_o africa_n even_o to_o syria_n asia_n minor_n and_o thrace_n it_o be_v call_v the_o internal_a sea_n it_o make_v many_o secundary_a bay_n viz._n the_o adriatic_a gulf_n of_o venice_n the_o bay_n of_o thessalonia_n the_o aegean_a sea_n and_o the_o like_a sea_n euxine_a sea_n as_o for_o the_o euxine_a sea_n we_o may_v doubt_v whether_o it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o this_o primary_n sinus_n of_o which_o see_v chapter_n fifteen_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n be_v distinguish_v by_o divers_a name_n take_v from_o various_a region_n that_o it_o water_v for_o towards_o the_o north_n it_o have_v spain_n france_n italy_n sicily_n illyricum_n greece_n crect_n thrace_n and_o asia_n minor_a towards_o the_o south_n morocco_n fess_n tunis_n algiers_n tripoli_n and_o egypt_n thence_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o iberian_n gallic_a ligustick_a sicilian_a baledrian_n and_o cretian_a sea_n it_o be_v extend_v from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n sea_n baltic_a sea_n 2._o the_o baltic_a sea_n or_o sinus_n codanus_n break_v in_o from_o the_o ocean_n between_o the_o land_n betwixt_o zealand_n and_o jutland_n first_o it_o flow_v by_o a_o long_a way_n from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n and_o then_o reflect_v by_o a_o long_a space_n it_o run_v forth_o to_o the_o north_n between_o the_o province_n of_o germany_n megapolis_n pomerania_n cassubia_n borussia_n livonia_n etc._n etc._n from_o one_o side_n viz._n the_o oriental_a quarter_n on_o the_o occidental_a quarter_n it_o have_v sweden_n and_o lapland_n it_o make_v three_o secondary_a bay_n whereof_o two_o be_v long_o viz._n the_o botnick_n and_o finnick_n the_o three_o be_v broad_a viz._n the_o livonick_a it_o receive_v river_n of_o great_a magnitude_n sea_n the_o red_a sea_n 5._o the_o red_a sea_n arabian_a gulf_n or_o sea_n of_o mecca_n flow_v from_o the_o indian_a ocean_n between_o the_o promontory_n of_o arabia_n to_o the_o city_n aden_n and_o between_o the_o promontory_n of_o africa_n and_o run_v between_o africa_n towards_o the_o west_n and_o arabia_n towards_o the_o east_n it_o stop_v at_o the_o isthmus_n of_o africa_n at_o the_o city_n suez_n where_o be_v the_o station_n or_o harbour_n of_o the_o turkish_a navy_n it_o receive_v very_o few_o river_n and_o those_o of_o small_a magnitude_n but_o none_o from_o africa_n as_o some_o observe_v it_o extend_v from_o the_o south_n quarter_n of_o the_o east_n to_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o the_o north_n quarter_n towards_o the_o west_n gulf_n the_o persian_a gulf_n 4._o the_o persian_a gulf_n run_v between_o arabia_n and_o persia_n from_o the_o indian_a ocean_n about_o the_o isle_n of_o ormus_n it_o have_v persia_n on_o the_o east_n and_o arabia_n on_o the_o west_n it_o stop_v at_o chaldaea_n it_o extend_v from_o east_n and_o by_o south_n to_o the_o west_n and_o by_o north_n quarter_n and_o receive_v very_o few_o river_n except_o euphrates_n and_o tigris_n long_v before_o conjoin_v california_n the_o bay_n of_o california_n 5._o the_o sinus_n or_o bay_n of_o california_n mer_n vermejo_n run_v between_o california_n and_o the_o occidental_a coast_n of_o mexico_n from_o the_o south_n towards_o the_o north_n it_o be_v terminate_v at_o the_o unknown_a province_n of_o america_n tatonteac_n it_o receive_v few_o river_n the_o modern_a mariner_n affirm_v california_n to_o be_v a_o isle_n and_o if_o so_o this_o tract_n of_o water_n can_v be_v a_o sinus_n gulf_n or_o bay_n but_o a_o straight_a nanquin_n the_o bay_n of_o nanquin_n 6._o the_o bay_n of_o nanquin_n run_v between_o corea_n and_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n and_o tartary_n unto_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o tartary_n where_o tenduc_n the_o kingdom_n of_o cathay_n be_v place_v yet_o false_o as_o those_o suppose_v who_o will_v have_v corea_n to_o be_v a_o isle_n it_o receive_v few_o river_n it_o extend_v from_o west_n to_o north._n these_o be_v the_o long_a gulf_n unto_o which_o lesser_o may_v be_v add_v as_o the_o gulf_n of_o cambaia_n and_o other_o the_o four_o last_o rehearse_v do_v not_o afford_v secondary_a gulf_n viz._n arabia_n persia_n california_n and_o nanquin_n but_o only_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o baltic_a proposition_n vi_o broad_a gulf_n be_v in_o number_n seven_o viz._n mexico_n gulf_n of_o mexico_n 1._o the_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n flow_v from_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n between_o the_o north_n and_o south_n part_n of_o america_n which_o it_o separate_v from_o the_o oriental_a quarter_n to_o the_o occidental_a it_o stop_v at_o a_o long_a isthmus_n between_o those_o land_n which_o impede_v the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o pacifick_n and_o atlantic_a ocean_n on_o this_o quarter_n it_o receive_v many_o river_n and_o for_o multitude_n of_o isle_n may_v compare_v with_o the_o aegean_a sea_n ganges_n gulf_n of_o ganges_n 2._o the_o gulf_n of_o ganges_n gulf_n of_o bengala_n flow_v between_o india_n and_o the_o chersonesus_n of_o malacca_n from_o the_o indian_a ocean_n it_o stop_v at_o the_o kingdom_n of_o india_n bengala_n pegu_n and_o other_o it_o receive_v note_v river_n beside_o the_o ganges_n 3._o the_o gulf_n between_o malacca_n and_o camboja_n not_o far_o from_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n and_o likewise_o flow_v from_o the_o south_n towards_o the_o north_n it_o stop_v at_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n lantchidolinum_n the_o gulf_n lantchidolinum_n 4._o the_o russian_a gulf_n or_o white_a sea_n flow_v from_o the_o north_n ocean_n between_o lapland_n and_o the_o utmost_a coast_n of_o russia_n towards_o the_o south_n it_o be_v terminate_v partly_o at_o finland_n and_o partly_o at_o the_o kingdom_n of_o moscovia_n it_o make_v a_o certain_a small_a long_a gulf_n which_o be_v extend_v to_o lapland_n where_o be_v that_o note_a and_o well_o frequent_v mart_n archangelo_fw-la it_o receive_v eminent_a river_n lantchidolinum_n the_o gulf_n lantchidolinum_n 5_o 6._o the_o gulf_n lantchidolinum_n flow_v from_o the_o indian_a ocean_n between_o the_o province_n of_o the_o south_n country_n beach_n and_o new_a guiney_n it_o stretch_v from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n and_o terminate_v at_o the_o unknown_a part_n of_o the_o south_n continent_n another_o gulf_n be_v near_o unto_o it_o towards_o the_o west_n between_o beach_n and_o the_o other_o procurrent_a land_n of_o the_o south_n where_o be_v the_o land_n call_v anthonij_fw-la à _fw-la diemen_n which_o be_v the_o name_n of_o a_o dutch_a master_n of_o a_o ship_n by_o who_o it_o be_v discover_v sea_n hudson_n sea_n 7._o hudson_n sea_n be_v a_o gulf_n between_o new_a france_n and_o canada_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o northern_a america_n it_o be_v terminate_v at_o estotiland_n proposition_n vii_o fretum_n or_o strait_n be_v threefold_a for_o either_o they_o conjoin_v the_o ocean_n with_o the_o ocean_n or_o the_o ocean_n with_o a_o gulf_n streights_n of_o streights_n or_o a_o gulf_n with_o a_o gulf_n we_o will_v
therefore_o determine_v to_o make_v demonstration_n à _fw-la priori_fw-la by_o which_o archimedes_n prove_v concern_v all_o liquid_a body_n that_o the_o superficies_n be_v spherical_a this_o suppose_a as_o a_o thing_n certain_a consist_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o in_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o archimedes_n suppose_v in_o his_o demonstration_n three_o thing_n archimedes_n the_o demonstration_n of_o archimedes_n 1._o in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o the_o earth_n have_v some_o kind_n of_o centre_n and_o therefore_o be_v of_o a_o spherical_a figure_n 2._o that_o this_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o all_o liquid_a body_n that_o the_o part_n of_o they_o lie_v equal_o or_o in_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o continuous_a among_o themselves_o the_o lesser_a press_v be_v expel_v by_o the_o more_o press_v which_o he_o show_v from_o experience_n 3._o that_o every_o part_n of_o a_o liquid_a body_n be_v press_v by_o the_o liquid_a body_n above_o it_o to_o the_o perpendicular_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n if_o so_o be_v that_o this_o liquid_a body_n be_v descend_v or_o press_v by_o some_o other_o body_n beside_o these_o three_o supposition_n archimedes_n use_v a_o certain_a geometrical_a proposition_n which_o be_v not_o find_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o element_n and_o therefore_o he_o demonstrate_v the_o same_o which_o be_v this_o if_o any_o superficies_n be_v cut_v from_o whatsoever_o place_n pass_v through_o one_o point_n and_o every_o section_n be_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n have_v that_o point_n its_o centre_n this_o superficies_n be_v spherical_a who_o centre_n shall_v be_v the_o point_n name_v now_o this_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o show_v for_o let_v the_o superficies_n of_o any_o body_n be_v cut_v through_o the_o point_n d_o in_o the_o plain_n i_o f_o k_n e_o p_o scheme_n see_v scheme_n and_o let_v the_o line_n of_o the_o section_n i_o f_o k_n e_o p_o be_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n have_v it_o for_o its_o centre_n and_o in_o every_o section_n make_v by_o d_o let_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n have_v the_o centre_n d_o be_v find_v we_o must_v show_v that_o this_o superficies_n be_v spherical_a and_o d_o be_v its_o centre_n d_o its_o point_n that_o be_v all_o the_o point_n of_o this_o line_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o point_n d_o for_o we_o may_v conceive_v as_o many_o right_a line_n as_o we_o will_v draw_v from_o the_o point_n d_o to_o the_o other_o point_n of_o the_o propose_a superficies_n therefore_o these_o must_v be_v demonstrate_v to_o be_v equal_a mutual_o one_o to_o the_o other_o let_v any_o one_o of_o those_o draw_v from_o d_o to_o the_o superficies_n be_v take_v and_o through_o that_o and_o through_o the_o right_a line_n d_o f_o let_v a_o plain_a be_v draw_v this_o plain_a therefore_o cut_v the_o superficies_n will_v make_v the_o periphery_a according_a to_o the_o hypothesis_n wherefore_o that_o be_v draw_v shall_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o right_a line_n d_o f_o and_o so_o we_o shall_v show_v concern_v all_o draw_v from_o the_o point_n d_o that_o they_o be_v equal_a to_o d_o f_o itself_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o be_v all_o mutual_o equal_v one_o to_o another_o from_o whence_o we_o infer_v that_o this_o superficies_n be_v spherical_a have_v for_o a_o centre_n the_o point_n d_o for_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n be_v a_o crooked_a superficies_n within_o which_o be_v a_o certain_a point_n from_o whence_o all_o the_o right_a line_n be_v draw_v be_v equal_a at_o the_o superficies_n this_o premise_a the_o spherical_a superficies_n of_o every_o liquid_a body_n be_v demonstrate_v in_o this_o manner_n let_v any_o consist_v matter_n be_v e_o f_o g_o h_n let_v d_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o let_v we_o conceive_v this_o liquor_n to_o be_v cut_v in_o a_o plain_a passage_n through_o d_o let_v the_o section_n make_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v the_o line_n e_o f_o g_o h_o but_o we_o must_v first_o show_v that_o this_o line_n e_o f_o g_o h_n be_v crooked_a viz._n the_o periphery_a or_o arch_n of_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n who_o centre_n be_v d_o but_o if_o it_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o pass_v that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o such_o periphery_n the_o right_a line_n draw_v from_o d_o to_o that_o will_v be_v unequal_a let_v the_o unequal_a draw_v line_n be_v d_o e_o d_o g_o to_o wit_n d_o g_z will_v be_v great_a than_o d_o e_z and_o let_v d_o g_o be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o which_o be_v draw_v from_o d_o and_o let_v d_o e_o be_v the_o least_o let_v the_o other_o right_a line_n d_o f_o be_v draw_v twice_o cut_v the_o angle_n g_o d_o e_o at_o efgh_a so_o that_o this_o line_n d_o f_o shall_v be_v great_a than_o d_o e_z but_o less_o than_o d_o g_o then_o let_v the_o periphery_a or_o arch_n of_o the_o circle_n i_o f_o k_n h_n be_v describe_v in_o the_o centre_n d_o the_o internal_a d_o e_z in_o this_o same_o plain_a the_o periphery_a of_o which_o will_v cut_v the_o right_a line_n d_o e_o protract_v beyond_o the_o point_n e_o viz._n in_o the_o point_n i_o but_o the_o right_a line_n d_o g_o on_o this_o side_n g_o viz._n in_o the_o point_n k._n moreover_o in_o the_o centre_n d_o the_o interval_n d_o l_o which_o be_v lesser_a than_o d_o e_z let_v the_o periphery_a or_o arch_a l_o m_o n_o be_v describe_v beneath_o or_o within_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o plain_n i_o f_o k_n h_n therefore_o the_o part_n of_o the_o liquor_n contain_v within_o d_o l_o n_o or_o about_o the_o periphery_n l_o m_o n_o by_o a_o equal_a distance_n be_v place_v and_o be_v continuous_a from_o the_o centre_n d_o but_o those_o part_n which_o be_v about_o m_o n_n be_v more_o press_v than_o those_o that_o be_v about_o l_o m_n because_o they_o be_v press_v by_o a_o great_a weight_n viz._n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n be_v above_o they_o than_o those_o at_o l_o m._n therefore_o the_o part_n near_o l_o m_n be_v less_o press_v be_v expel_v from_o the_o part_n near_o m_o n_n and_o these_o shall_v possess_v their_o place_n neither_o shall_v the_o liquor_n consist_v but_o let_v the_o liquor_n be_v suppose_v to_o consist_v and_o be_v quiet_a there_o shall_v be_v then_o a_o liquor_n consist_v and_o not_o consist_v which_o will_v be_v absurd_a wherefore_o the_o right_a line_n draw_v from_o d_o to_o the_o line_n e_o f_o g_o h_n be_v not_o unequal_a but_o equal_a and_o therefore_o the_o line_n e_o f_o g_o h_n be_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n who_o centre_n be_v d._n the_o same_o be_v the_o demonstration_n concern_v all_o place_n cut_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o liquor_n and_o pass_v through_o d_o viz._n it_o will_v show_v the_o section_n of_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o centre_n d._n now_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o liquor_n be_v such_o that_o if_o it_o be_v cut_v by_o planes_n in_o any_o sort_n pass_v by_o d_o the_o section_n may_v always_o be_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n therefore_o it_o follow_v from_o the_o aforesaid_a demonstrate_v proposition_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o liquor_n be_v spherical_a have_v the_o centre_n the_o point_n d_o which_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v spherical_a have_v the_o same_o centre_n which_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o will_v also_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n ii_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o of_o a_o great_a height_n than_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v and_o therefore_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n be_v almost_o of_o the_o same_o altitude_n high_a mountain_n except_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v demonstrate_v from_o the_o former_a proposition_n for_o if_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v spherical_a altitude_n the_o earth_n and_o water_n be_v almost_o of_o the_o same_o altitude_n and_o of_o the_o same_o centre_n with_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o sea_n be_v no_o high_o about_o the_o shore_n than_o the_o earth_n therefore_o neither_o shall_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v high_a than_o the_o earth_n but_o its_o superficies_n with_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o other_o shall_v make_v one_o and_o the_o same_o spherical_a superficies_n but_o without_o the_o former_a proposition_n we_o shall_v show_v this_o theorem_fw-la à _fw-la posteriori_fw-la after_o this_o manner_n as_o the_o precede_a proposition_n may_v be_v show_v from_o this_o if_o that_o they_o confide_v not_o in_o the_o former_a demonstration_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o assume_v hypothesis_n 1._o experience_n testify_v that_o water_n be_v free_a and_o not_o
hinder_v do_v flow_v from_o more_o high_a place_n to_o place_n more_o low_a if_o therefore_o the_o place_n about_o the_o shore_n be_v not_o so_o high_a as_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n part_n of_o the_o sea_n will_v flow_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n to_o the_o shore_n and_o will_v neither_o consist_v or_o be_v calm_a which_o yet_o be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o tranquillity_n of_o the_o air._n 2._o if_o that_o the_o ocean_n far_o remote_a from_o the_o shore_n be_v more_o high_a than_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o shore_n that_o altitude_n will_v be_v discover_v a_o far_o long_a interval_n than_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n do_v admit_v of_o yea_o it_o will_v be_v see_v from_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n intercept_v between_o that_o altitude_n and_o the_o shore_n be_v see_v and_o experience_n testify_v that_o it_o can_v be_v behold_v from_o a_o great_a distance_n but_o that_o by_o degree_n the_o more_o remote_a part_n be_v detect_v after_o the_o more_o near_o when_o we_o come_v to_o mediterranean_a place_n to_o the_o shore_n and_o by_o how_o much_o any_o part_n be_v more_o vicine_fw-la to_o the_o shore_n by_o so_o much_o it_o be_v first_o or_o by_o a_o large_a interval_n behold_v from_o the_o shore_n therefore_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n remove_v from_o the_o shore_n be_v not_o high_a than_o that_o part_n that_o be_v nigh_o unto_o it_o wherefore_o the_o ocean_n be_v of_o the_o same_o altitude_n every_o where_o both_o in_o the_o middle_n and_o at_o the_o shore_n and_o not_o high_a than_o the_o earth_n 3._o mariner_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o deep_a sea_n although_o they_o apply_v their_o mathematical_a instrument_n yet_o find_v it_o no_o high_o there_o than_o in_o the_o part_n near_o the_o shore_n which_o certain_o can_v not_o be_v if_o that_o the_o sea_n have_v any_o altitude_n elevate_v as_o a_o tower_n or_o mountain_n for_o as_o by_o instrument_n we_o find_v the_o altitude_n of_o tower_n or_o mountain_n above_o the_o subject_v part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o also_o if_o that_o there_o be_v any_o altitude_n of_o the_o middle_a ocean_n above_o the_o vicine_fw-la part_n it_o can_v not_o be_v obstruct_v and_o avoid_v the_o subtlety_n of_o instrument_n 4._o also_o here_o and_o there_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v find_v island_n and_o that_o in_o great_a number_n in_o some_o part_n which_o be_v near_o to_o the_o continent_n or_o great_a island_n therefore_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o high_a than_o the_o earth_n because_o it_o be_v not_o high_a than_o the_o shore_n of_o those_o island_n 5._o no_o cause_n can_v be_v show_v why_o water_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n shall_v be_v high_o and_o not_o flow_v into_o the_o channel_n of_o river_n if_o that_o their_o water_n be_v more_o depress_v for_o by_o experience_n we_o find_v that_o water_n any_o where_o situate_v move_v to_o the_o vicine_fw-la part_n and_o these_o be_v less_o high_a which_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o so_o many_o inundation_n from_o these_o i_o think_v we_o sufficient_o collect_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o high_a than_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o land_n see_v therefore_o the_o altitude_n of_o very_a few_o shore_n be_v elevate_v little_o more_o than_o the_o vicine_fw-la mediterranean_a land_n and_o in_o most_o lesser_a see_v that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o land_n from_o the_o shore_n to_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n increase_v and_o rise_v into_o hill_n thence_o we_o conclude_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o high_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o land_n now_o that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o land_n from_o the_o shore_n to_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n augment_v or_o that_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n be_v high_a than_o the_o shore_n be_v prove_v from_o the_o flux_n of_o river_n most_o of_o which_o arise_v in_o mediterranean_a place_n and_o flow_v to_o the_o ocean_n so_o then_o at_o least_o the_o mediterranean_a part_n be_v somewhat_o more_o elevate_v than_o the_o shore_n because_o the_o flux_n be_v from_o these_o unto_o they_o for_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o more_o high_a part_n to_o place_n more_o inferior_a now_o that_o some_o be_v somewhat_o depress_v low_o than_o the_o water_n we_o shall_v not_o go_v about_o to_o deny_v but_o they_o be_v either_o defend_v by_o the_o height_n of_o their_o shore_n or_o by_o bank_n or_o other_o interpose_a earth_n now_o these_o bank_n be_v raise_v for_o the_o most_o part_n not_o because_o of_o the_o great_a altitude_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v tranquillous_a and_o in_o its_o natural_a state_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o impetuous_a motion_n cause_v by_o the_o wind_n or_o from_o some_o other_o cause_n corollary_n corollary_n corollary_n therefore_o they_o be_v deceive_v who_o will_v have_v the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n to_o be_v high_a than_o the_o earth_n and_o fly_v to_o a_o miraculous_a providence_n by_o which_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o ocean_n on_o the_o land_n and_o drown_n of_o the_o world_n be_v hinder_v and_o restrain_v for_o we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o earth_n be_v one_o and_o almost_o the_o same_o to_o wit_n spherical_a and_o that_o many_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o least_o the_o shore_n have_v a_o great_a altitude_n than_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o ocean_n can_v overflow_v the_o land_n which_o great_a altitude_n if_o it_o be_v elevate_v in_o some_o shore_n the_o bank_n be_v break_v or_o the_o water_n be_v augment_v or_o force_v to_o they_o in_o great_a abundance_n cause_n inundation_n neither_o be_v it_o altogether_o impossible_a or_o contrary_a to_o nature_n that_o the_o whole_a earth_n shall_v be_v cover_v with_o water_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o chapter_n proposition_n iii_o why_o the_o sea_n be_v behold_v from_o the_o shore_n seem_v to_o arise_v in_o a_o great_a altitude_n and_o tumour_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o remote_a shore_n the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n by_o some_o say_v to_o be_v many_o mile_n high_o than_o the_o shore_n it_o be_v a_o fallacy_n of_o the_o sight_n or_o of_o the_o estimate_v faculty_n which_o have_v bring_v many_o into_o this_o error_n so_o that_o they_o have_v endeavour_v to_o defend_v that_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v many_o mile_n high_o than_o the_o shore_n but_o it_o be_v a_o wonder_n that_o none_o of_o they_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o daily_a experiment_n in_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o our_o life_n in_o which_o this_o fallacy_n be_v sufficient_o manifest_a for_o if_o that_o we_o look_v on_o any_o pavement_n or_o floor_n stretch_v at_o length_n or_o any_o row_n of_o pillar_n the_o more_o remote_a part_n of_o the_o pavement_n will_v appear_v more_o high_a than_o the_o vicine_fw-la part_n so_o that_o from_o thence_o from_o our_o place_n to_o the_o most_o remote_a the_o floor_n will_v seem_v by_o degree_n more_o and_o more_o to_o elevate_v which_o yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v every_o where_o of_o the_o same_o altitude_n after_o the_o same_o mode_n it_o be_v with_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n for_o if_o on_o the_o shoar_n you_o use_v a_o geodetical_a instrument_n commodious_a to_o measure_v place_n withal_o you_o shall_v find_v no_o elevation_n of_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n above_o the_o shoar_n but_o rather_o a_o little_a depression_n so_o that_o the_o water_n sink_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o shore_n those_o that_o be_v verse_v in_o the_o optic_n declare_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o fallacy_n let_v a_o be_v the_o eye_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n and_o let_v it_o survey_v the_o pavement_n or_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n extend_v at_o length_n unto_o the_o long_a space_n a_o e._n let_v the_o angle_n a_o a_o e_o be_v divide_v into_o equal_a part_n or_o four_o angle_n which_o be_v e_z a_o d_o d_o a_o c_o c_o a_o 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be_v convey_v into_o the_o german_a ocean_n and_o hence_o into_o various_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o when_o that_o they_o have_v perfect_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o channel_n land_n the_o water_n of_o the_o german_a ocean_n high_o than_o the_o land_n they_o be_v compel_v to_o desist_v by_o reason_n that_o at_o length_n they_o find_v by_o observation_n that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o german_a ocean_n be_v high_a than_o the_o land_n of_o leyden_n and_o the_o shore_n of_o this_o ocean_n therefore_o the_o german_a ocean_n be_v high_a than_o the_o belgic_a bay_n but_o we_o must_v esteem_v otherwise_o of_o those_o bay_n which_o flow_v between_o the_o land_n not_o by_o a_o oblong_a but_o by_o a_o broad_a tract_n as_o the_o bay_n or_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n bengala_n and_o other_o that_o these_o be_v of_o the_o same_o altitude_n with_o the_o ocean_n from_o which_o they_o be_v separate_v by_o no_o strait_a passage_n be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v of_o although_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a 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sea_n and_o other_o flux_n altogether_o cause_v the_o divers_a altitude_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o in_o the_o same_o part_n in_o a_o diverse_a time_n and_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n but_o these_o be_v external_a cause_n and_o we_o at_o present_a only_o consider_v the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o the_o water_n moreover_o they_o do_v not_o so_o vary_v the_o altitude_n in_o the_o ocean_n itself_o as_o it_o appear_v at_o the_o shore_n corollary_n therefore_o we_o can_v assent_v to_o papyrius_n fabianus_n and_o cleomedes_n which_o make_v the_o great_a altitude_n of_o the_o ocean_n to_o be_v fifteen_o stadia_n half_o a_o german_a mile_n except_o we_o must_v take_v their_o opinion_n concern_v the_o profundity_n and_o so_o altitude_n be_v ill_o place_v there_o for_o profundity_n proposition_n vi_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o ocean_n in_o most_o part_n may_v be_v sound_v by_o the_o load_n or_o plummet_n there_o be_v very_o few_o place_n who_o bottom_n have_v not_o 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its_o own_o channel_n but_o somewhat_o may_v be_v object_v against_o this_o objection_n objection_n which_o be_v worthy_a of_o consideration_n first_o that_o at_o some_o part_n or_o other_o of_o the_o ocean_n there_o be_v always_o a_o violent_a external_a move_a cause_n as_o wind_n flux_n reflux_n mutation_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o like_a therefore_o these_o cause_n that_o sometime_o in_o some_o one_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o sometime_o in_o another_o there_o be_v a_o great_a altitude_n and_o abundancy_n of_o water_n than_o in_o the_o other_o part_n and_o therefore_o that_o high_a water_n fall_v into_o the_o subterraneous_a passage_n be_v again_o pour_v forth_o into_o another_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o ocean_n where_o there_o be_v a_o lesser_a altitude_n of_o water_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o external_a cause_n and_o where_o the_o incumbent_a water_n then_o less_o resist_v the_o eruption_n or_o efflux_n because_o it_o be_v move_v another_o way_n by_o a_o external_a cause_n for_o although_o this_o may_v be_v yet_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v by_o experience_n neither_o can_v the_o contrary_a that_o be_v this_o be_v demonstrate_v to_o be_v so_o therefore_o at_o least_o the_o truth_n be_v uncertain_a and_o we_o must_v doubt_v concern_v this_o problem_n now_o that_o there_o be_v such_o subterraneous_a pit_n or_o passage_n in_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o ocean_n can_v be_v deny_v and_o those_o place_n of_o the_o ocean_n seem_v to_o show_v they_o to_o wit_n where_o there_o be_v a_o immense_a profundity_n see_v there_o be_v no_o such_o in_o the_o vicine_fw-la part_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v although_o we_o shall_v admit_v of_o those_o subterraneous_a passage_n yet_o therefore_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o they_o proceed_v to_o another_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o ocean_n or_o go_v forth_o into_o it_o and_o if_o that_o this_o shall_v be_v grant_v yet_o see_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o passage_n in_o 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the_o exiguity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o do_v not_o grow_v thick_a but_o resolve_v for_o although_o you_o take_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n and_o that_o you_o provoke_v with_o a_o light_n and_o gentle_a fire_n that_o the_o resolution_n may_v be_v impede_v yet_o the_o water_n acquire_v no_o salt_n taste_v 3._o lake_n and_o marsh_n though_o heat_v by_o the_o sun_n yet_o wax_v not_o salt_n this_o objection_n also_o scaliger_n endeavour_v to_o avoid_v say_v that_o this_o happen_v by_o the_o succession_n of_o fresh_a water_n and_o the_o same_o be_v find_v in_o those_o stand_a pool_n and_o lake_n which_o only_o proceed_v from_o rain_n or_o snow_n dissolve_v where_o there_o be_v no_o place_n for_o that_o refuge_n of_o succession_n for_o those_o lake_n be_v rather_o dry_v when_o that_o it_o rain_v not_o for_o a_o long_a space_n than_o turn_v into_o salt_n or_o render_v salt_n therefore_o reject_v those_o false_a opinion_n concern_v the_o cause_n and_o original_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o ocean_n let_v we_o lay_v hold_n of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n with_o little_a or_o no_o difficulty_n in_o it_o viz._n 1._o that_o these_o particle_n be_v coeternal_a with_o the_o very_a ocean_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v no_o more_o dispute_v concern_v their_o original_n than_o concern_v the_o original_n of_o the_o ocean_n itself_o the_o earth_n yea_o and_o of_o the_o original_n and_o generation_n of_o the_o world_n 2._o if_o that_o this_o opinion_n be_v less_o complacent_fw-la we_o may_v make_v choice_n of_o another_o viz._n that_o these_o salt_n particle_n be_v here_o and_o there_o pull_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o dissolve_v into_o water_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v many_o saline_a mountain_n or_o rock_n in_o the_o bosom_n of_o the_o sea_n rock_n isle_n of_o ormus_n a_o salt_n rock_n the_o whole_a isle_n of_o ormus_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o white_a and_o hard_a salt_n of_o which_o they_o make_v the_o wall_n of_o their_o house_n and_o therefore_o no_o fountain_n of_o fresh_a water_n be_v find_v in_o that_o isle_n and_o none_o can_v be_v ignorant_a how_o that_o many_o mine_n of_o salt_n be_v find_v on_o the_o land_n and_o we_o have_v relate_v concern_v some_o in_o the_o eleven_o chapter_n but_o we_o need_v not_o particular_n let_v we_o consider_v the_o whole_a earth_n it_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v much_o salt_n in_o it_o the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o salt_n for_o it_o have_v its_o consistency_n from_o salt_n for_o the_o chemical_a philosopher_n do_v right_o prove_v that_o the_o consistency_n and_o compaction_n of_o every_o thing_n proceed_v from_o salt_n and_o experience_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o assertion_n for_o if_o that_o you_o take_v a_o hard_a piece_n of_o earth_n and_o burn_v it_o to_o ash_n much_o salt_n will_v be_v find_v in_o it_o nothing_o can_v be_v allege_v against_o this_o opinion_n that_o be_v of_o any_o value_n and_o be_v not_o easy_o refute_v for_o some_o say_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o those_o salt_n part_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v perpetual_o suffice_v and_o shall_v not_o at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o be_v consume_v by_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n which_o continual_o take_v away_o some_o part_n of_o they_o unto_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o salt_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o consume_v in_o so_o great_a abundance_n that_o it_o shall_v stand_v in_o need_n of_o much_o instauration_n and_o if_o that_o any_o be_v consume_v yet_o notwithstanding_o that_o be_v lay_v up_o in_o another_o place_n see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n proposition_n ix_o whether_o that_o water_n be_v the_o fresh_a in_o the_o ocean_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v nigh_a the_o bottom_n and_o why_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n fresh_a water_n be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n sea_n of_o the_o freshness_n of_o water_n in_o the_o sea_n unto_o the_o first_o i_o answer_v that_o experience_n do_v not_o testify_v concern_v that_o sweetness_n but_o in_o some_o place_n of_o which_o the_o other_o question_n speak_v that_o in_o these_o place_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v fountain_n of_o fresh_a water_n i_o have_v sufficient_o say_v for_o it_o can_v natural_o be_v that_o the_o more_o salt-water_n shall_v exist_v above_o water_n less_o salt_n see_v that_o that_o be_v more_o heavy_a those_o place_n of_o the_o sea_n where_o fresh_a water_n be_v find_v to_o spring_v at_o the_o bottom_n may_v be_v collect_v by_o those_o that_o be_v studious_a from_o the_o writer_n of_o geography_n proposition_n x._o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n become_v less_o salt_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v near_o the_o pole_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o more_o salt_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o near_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o torrid_a zone_n although_o this_o may_v be_v understand_v of_o most_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n yet_o the_o proposition_n admit_v of_o some_o exception_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o inequality_n in_o saltness_n be_v sixfold_a place_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o different_a place_n 1._o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n lift_v up_o more_o vapour_n from_o the_o ocean_n into_o the_o cloud_n than_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n which_o be_v the_o vapour_n of_o freshwater_n because_o that_o the_o particle_n of_o salt_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o gravity_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o lift_v up_o see_v therefore_o that_o from_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o where_o the_o place_n be_v more_o near_o the_o torrid_a zone_n so_o much_o the_o vapour_n be_v separate_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o water_n that_o be_v lest_o be_v find_v more_o salt_n there_o than_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n where_o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o freshwater_n separate_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o weak_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n cause_n the_o second_o cause_n 2._o the_o second_o cause_n be_v the_o heat_n or_o cold_a of_o the_o water_n for_o the_o same_o numerical_a water_n or_o salt_n meat_n as_o also_o pickle_a meat_n sauce_n and_o the_o like_a afford_v a_o more_o sensible_a saltness_n to_o the_o taste_n when_o they_o be_v eat_v hot_a than_o when_o cold_a for_o the_o heat_n or_o particle_n of_o the_o fire_n do_v move_v and_o render_v the_o particle_n of_o the_o salt_n contain_v in_o such_o meat_n more_o acute_a and_o separate_v they_o from_o the_o admixture_n whence_o they_o bite_v and_o prick_v the_o tongue_n more_o sharp_o now_o because_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v the_o more_o hot_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v nigh_a the_o aequator_fw-la or_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o every_o day_n and_o contrariwise_o the_o more_o cold_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o water_n though_o they_o shall_v contain_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o salt_n yet_o they_o must_v seem_v and_o appear_v so_o much_o the_o salt_a to_o the_o taste_n by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v near_o to_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o they_o have_v less_o sensible_a salt_n cause_n the_o 3d_o cause_n 3._o the_o three_o cause_n be_v the_o more_o or_o less_o quantity_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o ocean_n for_o as_o we_o find_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o there_o be_v not_o pit_n of_o salt_n in_o they_o all_o neither_o where_o they_o be_v find_v be_v there_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o salt_n must_v be_v hold_v concern_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o sea_n wash_v or_o cover_v that_o be_v the_o channel_n or_o the_o shore_n where_o there_o be_v therefore_o most_o quantity_n of_o salt_n or_o mineral_n in_o the_o bottom_n or_o shore_n of_o the_o ocean_n there_o the_o water_n be_v more_o salt_n because_o that_o it_o be_v impregnate_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n so_o the_o isle_n of_o ormus_n consist_v all_o of_o salt_n therefore_o the_o adjacent_a ocean_n have_v very_a salt_n water_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v great_a plenty_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o channel_n and_o shore_n of_o the_o ocean_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o more_o saline_a mine_n than_o in_o the_o north_n be_v very_o doubtful_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o want_n of_o observation_n yet_o it_o seem_v probable_a unto_o some_o that_o there_o be_v great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n in_o those_o place_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o terrestrial_a and_o
many_o place_n but_o in_o some_o in_o great_a quantity_n than_o in_o other_o malabar_n serpent_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n and_o at_o cambaja_n serpent_n be_v discover_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n this_o be_v a_o sign_n to_o seaman_n that_o they_o be_v near_o to_o those_o region_n about_o four_o mile_n from_o new_a spain_n many_o root_n bulrush_n and_o leave_n like_v unto_o figleaf_n float_n on_o the_o water_n which_o they_o eat_v and_o be_v in_o taste_n like_o unto_o colewort_n in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o first_o navigation_n of_o the_o dutch_a unto_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n we_o read_v that_o on_o the_o 12_o of_o january_n in_o anno_fw-la 1599_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n not_o far_o from_o the_o silver-river_n or_o rio_n de_fw-fr laplata_fw-la in_o brasil_n appear_v of_o a_o red_a and_o bloody_a colour_n but_o be_v draw_v up_o in_o a_o bucket_n or_o the_o like_a when_o that_o they_o have_v more_o thorough_o view_v it_o they_o find_v that_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o worm_n of_o a_o red_a colour_n be_v contain_v in_o that_o water_n and_o be_v take_v up_o in_o the_o hand_n they_o leap_v like_a unto_o flea_n and_o these_o seaman_n call_v sea-flea_n and_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o come_v from_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o small_a crab_n which_o be_v find_v on_o the_o south_n continent_n fill_v the_o sea_n here_o be_v no_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o animal_n of_o which_o there_o be_v various_a kind_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o sea_n proposition_n xvii_o why_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o night_n season_n seem_v to_o glitter_v especial_o if_o that_o the_o wave_n be_v raise_v the_o more_o vehement_o by_o the_o wind_n shine_v the_o sea_n in_o the_o night_n seem_v to_o glitter_v or_o shine_v this_o question_n require_v the_o knowledge_n of_o that_o difficulty_n concern_v the_o cause_n of_o colour_n divers_a be_v the_o resolution_n of_o philosopher_n concern_v they_o 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terrestrial_a body_n be_v lay_v down_o but_o in_o the_o ocean_n the_o wave_n be_v carry_v hither_o and_o thither_o by_o these_o the_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v carry_v after_o the_o same_o mode_n and_o because_o that_o all_o wave_n tend_v to_o some_o coast_n of_o land_n therefore_o all_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v carry_v towards_o the_o shore_n in_o the_o full_a moon_n be_v the_o great_a motion_n of_o the_o ocean_n therefore_o vain_a be_v their_o opinion_n who_o believe_v the_o ocean_n to_o be_v a_o animal_n and_o to_o have_v sense_n by_o which_o it_o purge_v itself_o from_o all_o dregs_o terrestrial_a body_n but_o here_o the_o cause_n be_v sufficient_o manifest_a chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o general_n and_o in_o particular_a of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n proposition_n i._o water_n have_v no_o natural_a motion_n except_o one_o by_o which_o it_o move_v from_o a_o more_o high_a place_n unto_o these_o that_o be_v more_o low_a but_o if_o the_o vicine_fw-la place_n or_o body_n be_v equal_a or_o of_o a_o great_a altitude_n than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n than_o the_o water_n natural_o rest_v that_o be_v it_o be_v not_o move_v except_o that_o it_o be_v compel_v by_o a_o violent_a cause_n one_o water_n have_v no_o natural_a motion_n except_o one_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a from_o vulgar_a experience_n for_o if_o that_o a_o vessel_n contain_v water_n be_v move_v the_o water_n so_o long_o fluctuate_v in_o it_o until_o no_o part_n be_v high_a than_o the_o other_o that_o be_v until_o they_o compose_v a_o spherical_a figure_n or_o superficies_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o thirteen_o chapter_n for_o although_o this_o motion_n have_v a_o violent_a cause_n viz._n the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n about_o the_o earth_n yet_o because_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a question_n concern_v this_o cause_n and_o it_o be_v so_o manifest_a in_o the_o water_n that_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o come_v unto_o it_o from_o a_o external_a cause_n so_o for_o to_o distinguish_v this_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n from_o other_o motion_n we_o term_v it_o natural_a now_o this_o motion_n be_v unto_o that_o quarter_n unto_o which_o the_o place_n more_o depress_v be_v situate_v proposition_n ii_o when_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v the_o whole_a ocean_n be_v move_v or_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o be_v also_o move_v but_o by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o that_o every_o one_o be_v near_a the_o part_n move_v for_o because_o that_o if_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v it_o do_v necessary_o change_v place_n and_o therefore_o this_o place_n be_v more_o low_a than_o the_o place_n of_o the_o vicine_fw-la water_n this_o near_a water_n shall_v be_v move_v into_o this_o place_n and_o the_o vicine_fw-la water_n of_o that_o into_o the_o place_n of_o that_o and_o so_o forward_o in_o the_o other_o part_n but_o there_o be_v lesser_a motion_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o more_o remote_a part_n proposition_n iii_o to_o observe_v the_o quarter_n into_o which_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v move_v tend_v tend_v the_o quarter_n into_o which_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v move_v tend_v choose_v a_o time_n if_o you_o can_v when_o no_o violent_a wind_n blow_v and_o cast_v into_o the_o water_n a_o body_n almost_o of_o the_o same_o gravity_n with_o the_o water_n let_v the_o place_n be_v observe_v where_o it_o be_v cast_v in_o to_o wit_n let_v the_o boat_n remain_v there_o immovable_a then_o when_o that_o this_o body_n be_v carry_v by_o the_o sea_n a_o moderate_a space_n from_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v cast_v in_o then_o let_v another_o boat_n be_v place_v of_o that_o and_o let_v the_o quarter_n be_v observe_v into_o which_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o second_o boat_n verge_v from_o the_o former_a for_o this_o also_o shall_v be_v the_o quarter_n in_o which_o we_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n at_o that_o time_n be_v move_v proposition_n iu._n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v either_o direct_a or_o a_o vortex_n or_o a_o concussion_n i_o call_v that_o direct_v which_o tend_v unto_o some_o quarter_n a_o vortex_n when_o the_o water_n move_v into_o a_o round_a and_o be_v in_o some_o part_n reject_v a_o concussion_n when_o it_o tremble_v but_o lay_v aside_o the_o two_o latter_a unto_o the_o end_n of_o the_o chapter_n we_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o direct_a motion_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v call_v this_o by_o a_o general_a term_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n proposition_n v._o of_o the_o motion_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o sea_n some_o be_v general_a some_o proper_a and_o singular_a other_o some_o contingent_a sea_n general_n proper_a and_o singular_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o call_v that_o general_n which_o be_v find_v almost_o in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o that_o at_o all_o time_n i_o call_v those_o proper_a and_o special_a motion_n by_o which_o only_a some_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v and_o they_o be_v twofold_a perpetual_a and_o anniversary_n the_o former_a be_v those_o which_o persist_v without_o mutation_n or_o cessation_n the_o other_o which_o be_v find_v at_o certain_a month_n or_o day_n of_o the_o year_n in_o some_o certain_a sea_n i_o call_v those_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n contingent_a which_o without_o any_o certain_a order_n sometime_o do_v cease_v and_o other_o some_o begin_v such_o be_v infinite_a proposition_n vi_o wind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o contingent_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n force_v the_o sea_n to_o a_o quarter_n opposite_a to_o the_o wind_n neither_o be_v the_o sea_n ever_o free_a from_o such_o motion_n sea_n wind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o see_v that_o the_o air_n touch_v the_o sea_n and_o the_o wind_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o strong_a commotion_n of_o
west_n to_o the_o east_n the_o tumour_n of_o the_o water_n 412_o and_o also_o of_o the_o air_n 856_o which_o now_o incumb_n over_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n e_o by_o degree_n do_v move_v unto_o other_o part_n more_o occidental_a so_o that_o after_o six_o hour_n they_o incumb_fw-la over_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n h_n and_o after_o twelve_o hour_n over_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n g._n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o water_n and_o the_o air_n be_v carry_v from_o the_o oriental_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o the_o occidental_a part_n of_o the_o same_o by_o a_o continual_a flux_n thus_o cartesius_n the_o stress_n of_o the_o demonstration_n be_v in_o this_o because_o the_o earth_n e_o f_o g_o h_n with_o the_o water_n 1234_o be_v move_v round_o and_o also_o the_o celestial_a matter_n of_o the_o vortex_n between_o b_o a_o d_o c_o and_o 6587._o the_o moon_n be_v in_o b_o make_v the_o space_n b_o 6_o with_o a_o certain_a pressure_n pass_v through_o the_o air_n and_o water_n whilst_o that_o it_o pass_v through_o b_o be_v express_v towards_o i_o h_z g_z and_o whilst_o that_o â—_o pass_v through_o b_o be_v express_v towards_o h_n g_o f_o and_o so_o forward_o neither_o do_v the_o part_n of_o the_o celestial_a matter_n at_o the_o moon_n have_v allapse_v in_o b_o d_o mount_v upward_o because_o it_o be_v repel_v and_o that_o all_o be_v full_a of_o body_n and_o although_o it_o press_v the_o air_n and_o water_n 62_o f_o not_o only_o towards_o the_o west_n e_z 15_o but_o also_o towards_o the_o east_n 73_o g._n yet_o because_o the_o part_n situate_v from_o 62_o f_o towards_o 73_o g_z do_v more_o and_o more_o recede_v from_o these_o strait_n but_o the_o part_n towards_o e_o 15_o do_v more_o and_o more_o draw_v near_o therefore_o by_o these_o chief_o be_v that_o force_n receive_v but_o in_o this_o explication_n of_o this_o ingenious_a person_n these_o thing_n be_v require_v or_o want_v 1._o from_o that_o it_o shall_v follow_v that_o the_o sea_n shall_v cease_v to_o swell_v when_o that_o the_o moon_n approach_v unto_o it_o and_o that_o it_o shall_v swell_v in_o the_o part_n which_o be_v a_o quadrant_a or_o six_o hour_n absent_a from_o the_o moon_n viz._n the_o tumour_n be_v in_o e_z 15_o but_o in_o f_o 26_o where_o the_o moon_n be_v vertical_a the_o altitude_n be_v least_o but_o this_o be_v repugnant_a to_o experience_n for_o in_o f_o 26_o the_o sea_n swell_v but_o in_o e_z 15_o the_o tumour_n be_v very_o little_a how_o this_o absurdity_n may_v be_v avoid_v we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n 2._o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_o show_v cartesius_n have_v omit_v this_o why_o whilst_o the_o celestial_a matter_n in_o the_o narrow_a space_n b_o 6_o press_v the_o air_n c_o and_o the_o water_n 2_o it_o be_v not_o equal_o move_v towards_o g_z 37_o from_o both_o the_o water_n and_o the_o air_n and_o the_o celestial_a matter_n be_v carry_v with_o the_o earth_n towards_o g_z 37_o and_o therefore_o the_o water_n and_o the_o air_n be_v rather_o carry_v towards_o the_o east_n than_o the_o west_n and_o it_o be_v a_o doubt_n whether_o it_o can_v be_v avoid_v by_o the_o only_a subduction_n of_o the_o part_n from_o 6_o d_o b_o towards_z g_z 37._o 3._o the_o moon_n draw_v near_o to_o any_o sea_n a_o more_o vehement_a wind_n be_v find_v in_o that_o part_n towards_o the_o west_n from_o the_o east_n than_o another_o time_n but_o this_o happen_v not_o 4._o it_o be_v more_o manifest_a that_o the_o sun_n make_v that_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n from_o east_n to_o west_n or_o that_o a_o general_a wind_n do_v it_o for_o we_o find_v that_o in_o the_o morning_n before_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o also_o with_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o many_o place_n for_o than_o it_o be_v distant_a a_o quadrant_a from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n these_o thing_n deserve_v consideration_n in_o the_o cartesian_a explication_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o hypothesis_n itself_o but_o whether_o this_o motion_n can_v be_v refer_v to_o a_o general_a east-wind_n be_v doubt_v for_o see_v that_o that_o wind_n be_v always_o under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n it_o will_v seem_v to_o cause_v that_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v perpetual_a for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o with_o the_o augmentation_n of_o the_o wind_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v augment_v but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a sign_n that_o the_o motion_n itself_o do_v depend_v on_o the_o wind._n for_o the_o connexion_n hinder_v which_o this_o motion_n have_v with_o the_o moon_n viz._n that_o the_o moon_n approach_v to_o the_o sea_n it_o cause_v that_o 2_o to_o swell_v because_o in_o the_o full_a and_o new_a moon_n that_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o vehement_a from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n which_o the_o demonstration_n of_o cartesius_n excellent_o explain_v viz._n because_o the_o moon_n in_o the_o new_a and_o full_o be_v more_o near_o unto_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o the_o port_n b_o 6_o be_v render_v more_o angust_n for_o the_o transition_n of_o the_o celestial_a matter_n and_o therefore_o the_o pressure_n be_v the_o great_a and_o although_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v at_o full_a that_o intumescency_n may_v be_v refer_v unto_o the_o great_a light_n of_o the_o moon_n yet_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o the_o new_a this_o cause_n cease_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o moon_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n but_o rather_o that_o pressure_n of_o cartesius_n as_o we_o shall_v observe_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n x._o the_o second_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o which_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o space_n of_o twelve_o hour_n and_o about_o half_a a_o hour_n flaw_v unto_o most_o coast_n and_o flow_v back_o again_o it_o flow_v when_o that_o the_o moon_n approach_v unto_o the_o supreme_a or_o low_a meridian_n and_o reflow_v when_o the_o moon_n recede_v from_o the_o meridian_n towards_o the_o west_n and_o towards_o the_o east_n motion_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o second_o general_a motion_n where_o we_o must_v first_o discover_v whether_o the_o ocean_n by_o this_o motion_n be_v move_v unto_o one_o certain_a quarter_n viz._n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n or_o from_o west_n to_o east_n for_o the_o shore_n of_o gulf_n and_o channel_n of_o river_n in_o which_o this_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v more_o manifest_o find_v than_o in_o the_o vast_a ocean_n be_v extend_v nigh_o unto_o or_o according_a unto_o divers_a quarter_n some_o towards_o the_o east_n from_o the_o west_n as_o the_o mediterranean_a some_o from_o the_o south_n towards_o the_o north_n as_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n and_o in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o gulf_n and_o shore_n the_o water_n flow_v towards_o the_o quarter_n of_o extension_n therefore_o in_o divers_a gulf_n and_o shore_n this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o ocean_n tend_v into_o divers_a quarter_n therefore_o our_o first_o inquiry_n must_v be_v whether_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o ocean_n observe_v any_o certain_a quarter_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v move_v elsewhere_o unto_o other_o quarter_n or_o whether_o it_o observe_v two_o quarter_n viz._n the_o occidental_a quarter_n in_o the_o flux_n and_o the_o oriental_a in_o the_o reflux_n or_o whether_o one_o and_o the_o same_o quarter_n both_o in_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v viz._n the_o occidental_a unto_o this_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o last_o be_v true_a viz._n that_o the_o whole_a ocean_n in_o the_o flux_n be_v move_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n but_o in_o the_o reflux_n it_o be_v move_v indeed_o by_o a_o general_a motion_n again_o from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n but_o yet_o in_o the_o flux_n more_o quantity_n of_o water_n flow_v unto_o a_o certain_a part_n but_o in_o the_o reflux_n or_o to_o speak_v more_o proper_o the_o deflux_n it_o be_v not_o move_v into_o a_o contrary_a quarter_n but_o unto_o the_o same_o occidental_a quarter_n but_o yet_o a_o lesser_a quantity_n of_o water_n do_v flow_v in_o so_o then_o we_o must_v determine_v that_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o a_o distinct_a motion_n from_o the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o same_o which_o we_o have_v explain_v in_o the_o former_a proposition_n by_o which_o the_o ocean_n continual_o move_v from_o east_n to_o west_n but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a mode_n or_o affection_n of_o this_o general_a motion_n and_o therefore_o if_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v consider_v in_o the_o whole_a or_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o free_a ocean_n it_o be_v not_o so_o proper_o term_v a_o flux_n or_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o rather_o a_o
flux_n or_o deflux_n yea_o those_o term_n be_v not_o apt_a enough_o but_o it_o be_v better_a to_o call_v it_o a_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n so_o that_o by_o these_o peculiar_a appellation_n the_o quality_n of_o the_o flux_n or_o motion_n may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o motion_n or_o flux_n itself_o for_o the_o sea_n always_o flow_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n and_o only_o appear_v to_o re-flow_a by_o reason_n that_o when_o in_o one_o place_n there_o be_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n and_o that_o it_o flow_v with_o vehemency_n to_o a_o certain_a place_n afterward_o in_o another_o time_n this_o impetus_fw-la cease_v but_o it_o be_v therefore_o term_v a_o reflux_n because_o that_o the_o sea_n seem_v in_o bay_n and_o shore_n to_o draw_v near_o and_o depart_v according_a to_o the_o extension_n of_o bay_n and_o shore_n which_o happen_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o motion_n itself_o but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o coast_n and_o channel_n viz._n that_o the_o water_n do_v return_v back_o to_o a_o contrary_a quarter_n but_o that_o the_o sea_n fall_v down_o this_o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o coast_n but_o from_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o place_n itself_o neither_o ought_v or_o can_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v regard_v from_o the_o appulse_n to_o the_o shore_n for_o whatsoever_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v or_o unto_o what_o quarter_n soever_o it_o be_v make_v the_o flux_n be_v always_o towards_o the_o shore_n which_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o fluid_a nature_n of_o the_o water_n now_o see_v that_o both_o the_o flux_n or_o reflux_n or_o in_o the_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o same_o quarter_n viz._n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n and_o do_v not_o re-flow_a again_o be_v collect_v from_o hence_o first_o that_o in_o the_o ocean_n remove_v from_o the_o shore_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n no_o other_o motion_n be_v find_v than_o that_o by_o which_o it_o be_v carry_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n second_o in_o the_o strait_n which_o direct_o extend_v from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o in_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v join_v as_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n manillan_n java_n and_o other_o among_o the_o indian_a isle_n in_o these_o strait_n i_o say_v the_o sea_n indeed_o swell_v and_o fall_v in_o twelve_o hour_n but_o yet_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o detumescency_n do_v flow_v back_o from_o out_o the_o strait_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n therefore_o another_o orifice_n of_o the_o straight_a into_o the_o west_n which_o be_v a_o manifest_a sign_n that_o this_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n be_v not_o a_o peculiar_a motion_n but_o a_o modification_n of_o the_o general_a motion_n neither_o do_v the_o sea_n flow_v back_o into_o the_o east_n therefore_o scaliger_n and_o all_o other_o be_v deceive_v which_o here_o introduce_v a_o double_a motion_n replicate_v into_o itself_o but_o yet_o this_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o when_o we_o say_v that_o this_o motion_n be_v make_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n the_o cardinal_n quarter_n be_v not_o only_o understand_v but_o also_o those_o quarter_n that_o be_v collateral_a viz._n the_o sea_n be_v move_v also_o by_o this_o flux_n from_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o the_o east_n unto_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o the_o west_n yea_o unto_o the_o north_n and_o south_n but_o not_o by_o so_o forcible_a and_o valid_a motion_n proposition_n xi_o to_o declare_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n vulgar_o so_o term_v sea_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v almost_o no_o phaenomenon_n of_o nature_n that_o have_v more_o exercise_v the_o wit_n of_o learned_a man_n and_o philosopher_n and_o that_o have_v delude_v more_o endeavour_n some_o have_v make_v the_o sea_n and_o earth_n to_o be_v a_o animal_n which_o by_o its_o inspiration_n and_o expiration_n have_v cause_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n other_o make_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v a_o great_a vortex_n near_o to_o norway_n which_o for_o six_o hour_n suck_v up_o the_o water_n and_o for_o so_o many_o spu_v they_o out_o again_o scaliger_n and_o other_o suppose_v the_o coast_n especial_o those_o of_o america_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o repel_v the_o appulse_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o general_a motion_n but_o many_o when_o that_o they_o discover_v the_o connexion_n of_o this_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n determine_v that_o it_o only_o depend_v on_o that_o but_o how_o this_o shall_v be_v be_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a task_n to_o discover_v see_v that_o they_o reply_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o the_o moon_n do_v attract_v upward_o humour_n by_o a_o occult_a quality_n and_o sympathy_n but_o these_o be_v only_a word_n which_o signify_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o the_o effect_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o moon_n after_o some_o mode_n that_o we_o be_v ignorant_a of_o but_o this_o be_v the_o mode_n demand_v cartesius_n deduce_v it_o from_o his_o general_a hypothesis_n after_o this_o manner_n let_v the_o diagram_n of_o the_o nine_o proposition_n be_v take_v scheme_n see_v scheme_n in_o which_o let_v a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v that_o vortex_n which_o have_v the_o earth_n for_o its_o centre_n which_o with_o it_o and_o with_o the_o moon_n be_v carry_v in_o a_o great_a vortex_n about_o the_o sun_n m_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o vortex_n e_o f_o g_o h_o the_o earth_n 1234_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o which_o for_o the_o great_a perspicuity_n we_o do_v suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v encompass_v on_o every_o side_n and_o 5678_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o air_n encompass_v of_o the_o sea_n now_o if_o that_o there_o be_v no_o moon_n in_o this_o vortex_n the_o point_n t_o which_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n aught_o to_o be_v in_o the_o point_n m_o which_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o vortex_n but_o the_o moon_n be_v towards_o b_o this_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n t_o oughts_z to_o be_v between_o m_n and_o d_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o celestial_a matter_n of_o this_o vortex_n be_v somewhat_o more_o quick_a move_v than_o the_o moon_n or_o the_o earth_n which_o it_o carry_v with_o it_o except_o that_o the_o point_n t_n be_v a_o little_a more_o distant_a from_o b_o than_z from_z d_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o moon_n will_v hinder_v that_o that_o shall_v not_o so_o free_o flow_v between_o b_o and_o t_o so_o see_v that_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o this_o vortex_n be_v not_o determinate_v excâ—â—â—_n from_o the_o equality_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o celestial_a matter_n flow_v about_o it_o therefore_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o ought_v somewhat_o to_o approach_v towards_o d._n and_o after_o the_o same_o mode_n when_o the_o moon_n shall_v be_v in_o c_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n ought_v to_o be_v between_o m_n and_o a_o and_o so_o always_o the_o earth_n depart_v a_o little_a from_o the_o moon_n moreover_o because_o by_o this_o mean_n from_o this_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v towards_o b_o not_o only_o the_o space_n through_o which_o the_o celestial_a matter_n flow_v between_o b_o and_o t_o but_o also_o that_o space_n through_o which_o it_o flow_v between_o t_n and_o d_o be_v render_v more_o angust_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o this_o celestial_a matter_n there_o flow_v more_o swift_o and_o therefore_o do_v more_o press_v both_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o air_n in_o 6_o and_o 8_o and_o also_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n in_o 2_o and_o 4_o than_o if_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v not_o in_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o vortex_n b_o d_o now_o see_v that_o both_o the_o body_n of_o the_o air_n and_o water_n be_v fluid_a and_o easy_o obnoxious_a to_o this_o pression_n they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v so_o high_a above_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n f_o and_o h_n as_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v without_o this_o diameter_n b_o d_o and_o so_o also_o on_o the_o contrary_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v high_o towards_o g_o and_z e_z so_o that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n 1_o and_o 3_o and_o of_o the_o air_n 5_o and_o 7_o do_v there_o protuberate_v now_o because_o that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v now_o in_o f_o on_o the_o opposite_a quarter_n of_o the_o point_n b_o where_o the_o sea_n be_v very_o little_a high_a after_o six_o hour_n it_o will_v be_v in_o g_o on_o the_o opposite_a region_n of_o the_o point_n c_o where_o it_o be_v most_o high_a and_o after_o other_o six_o hour_n in_o h_n on_o the_o region_n of_o
the_o point_n d_o and_o so_o consequent_o or_o rather_o because_o that_o the_o moon_n in_o the_o mean_a space_n do_v somewhat_o proceed_v forward_o from_o b_o towards_z c_z as_o running_z in_o a_o month_n space_n through_o the_o circle_n a_o b_o c_o d_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v now_o in_o f_o on_o the_o opposite_a region_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o moon_n after_o six_o hour_n and_o twelve_o minute_n either_o more_o or_o less_o shall_v be_v beyond_o the_o point_n g_o in_o that_o diameter_n of_o the_o vortex_n a_fw-it b_o c_o d_o which_o intersect_v that_o diameter_n of_o the_o same_o vortex_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n shall_v then_o be_v at_o right_a angle_n and_o then_o shall_v the_o water_n be_v there_o most_o high_a and_o after_o six_o hour_n with_o twelve_o minute_n it_o shall_v be_v beyond_o the_o point_n h._n in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v very_o low_a etc._n etc._n whence_o it_o be_v clear_o discover_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o every_o twelve_o hour_n and_o twenty_o four_o minute_n shall_v flow_v and_o re-flow_a in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o place_n this_o be_v the_o demonstration_n of_o cartesius_n in_o which_o that_o be_v especial_o ingenious_a that_o it_o apt_o show_v not_o only_a how_o the_o flux_n or_o intumescency_n be_v make_v at_o the_o place_n when_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v move_v at_o its_o vertex_fw-la or_o meridian_n but_o also_o when_o that_o the_o moon_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n be_v move_v to_o the_o meridian_n of_o midnight_n we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o nine_o proposition_n what_o any_o one_o may_v seem_v to_o require_v in_o this_o demonstration_n especial_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v admire_v at_o that_o cartesius_n shall_v not_o so_o much_o as_o think_v that_o according_a unto_o this_o demonstration_n that_o the_o least_o altitude_n of_o water_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o detumescency_n aught_o to_o be_v when_o that_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n as_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o b_o the_o least_o altitude_n of_o water_n be_v in_o 2_o and_o 4_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o water_n increase_v with_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o earth_n so_o that_o when_o f_o shall_v be_v in_o g._n that_o be_v six_o hour_n from_o the_o moon_n it_o shall_v have_v the_o great_a altitude_n which_o in_o truth_n be_v contrary_a to_o all_o experience_n for_o with_o the_o access_n of_o the_o moon_n to_o the_o meridian_n the_o water_n increase_v and_o with_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o same_o decrease_v but_o the_o word_n of_o cartesius_n as_o well_o as_o the_o diagramma_fw-la assert_v the_o contrary_n but_o i_o suppose_v this_o absurdity_n may_v be_v remove_v from_o the_o demonstration_n and_o that_o by_o this_o mode_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v approve_v of_o by_o cartesius_n for_o let_v we_o place_v the_o vortex_n of_o the_o earth_n a_o b_o c_o d_o to_n be_v without_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o water_n 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o to_o be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n t_o without_o any_o tumour_n but_o yet_o to_o be_v move_v round_o with_o the_o earth_n and_o celestial_a matter_n between_o a_o b_o c_o d_o and_z 5_o 6_o 7_o 8._o now_o let_v the_o body_n of_o the_o moon_n draw_v near_o unto_o this_o vortex_n for_o example_n into_o b_o and_o therefore_o the_o space_n t_o b_o become_v more_o narrow_a and_o the_o celestial_a matter_n whilst_o that_o it_o endeavour_v to_o pass_v through_o it_o press_v the_o water_n in_o 2_o towards_o e._n therefore_o whilst_o that_o the_o water_n be_v expel_v from_o 2_o towards_o e_o it_o be_v demand_v where_o the_o great_a tumour_n of_o water_n will_v be_v whether_o in_o the_o place_n e_o which_o be_v a_o quarter_n distant_a from_o the_o place_n f_o unto_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v vertical_a or_o whether_o in_o a_o place_n nigh_o unto_o f_o towards_o e_z if_o that_o you_o assert_v the_o first_o viz._n that_o the_o tumour_n ought_v to_o be_v in_o e_o experience_n do_v then_o gainsay_v but_o that_o the_o second_o be_v true_o so_o experience_n confirm_v and_o reason_n do_v induce_v to_o believe_v viz._n whilst_o that_o the_o moon_n consist_v above_o the_o place_n e_o the_o water_n be_v expel_v from_o 2_o towards_o i_o but_o the_o great_a tumour_n will_v be_v in_o the_o place_n near_o to_o 2_o not_o in_o i._o for_o this_o be_v manifest_a by_o experience_n because_o the_o occidental_a place_n do_v late_a discover_v the_o intumescency_n but_o reason_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n do_v altogether_o require_v the_o same_o law_n for_o if_o the_o water_n be_v pour_v forth_o into_o 2_o that_o it_o may_v flow_v towards_o e_o the_o great_a quantity_n will_v be_v in_o the_o place_n e_o a_o little_a less_o in_o the_o place_n near_o to_o that_o and_o yet_o far_o less_o in_o the_o place_n nigh_o to_o that_o and_o least_o of_o all_o in_o e._n so_o also_o when_o that_o water_n be_v drive_v from_o 2_o towards_o e_o its_o great_a quantity_n and_o accumulation_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o place_n near_o to_o 2_o and_o so_o much_o the_o lesser_a by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o 2_o but_o because_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v round_o that_o e_o may_v come_v unto_o f_o then_o at_o length_n shall_v the_o great_a tumour_n be_v in_o e_o and_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v force_v towards_o h._n therefore_o the_o diagram_n of_o cartesius_n with_o the_o demonstration_n itself_o aught_o to_o be_v change_v that_o the_o tumour_n may_v be_v in_o the_o place_n near_o unto_o the_o very_a 2_o that_o be_v to_o that_o unto_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v vertical_a what_o else_o may_v be_v here_o say_v we_o shall_v handle_v in_o our_o treatise_n of_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o cartesian_a philosophy_n proposition_n xii_o in_o full_a and_o new_a moon_n the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n be_v more_o violent_a also_o the_o intumescency_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v find_v great_a in_o most_o part_n but_o in_o the_o quarter_n the_o motion_n be_v find_v the_o least_o of_o all_o and_o so_o also_o in_o the_o intumescency_n violent_a in_o full_a and_o new_a moon_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o east_n to_o west_n most_o violent_a experience_v sufficient_o prove_v this_o proposition_n for_o mariner_n testify_v that_o the_o sea_n do_v foam_n and_o swell_v in_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n and_o in_o the_o quarter_n be_v calm_a now_o it_o be_v easy_o demonstrate_v according_a to_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o precede_a proposition_n for_o the_o moon_n when_o it_o be_v either_o full_a or_o new_a be_v more_o near_o the_o earth_n than_o at_o any_o other_o time_n and_o in_o the_o quarter_n more_o remote_a as_o astronomer_n do_v demonstrate_v now_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v more_o near_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v when_o that_o the_o space_n b_o t_n be_v less_o the_o celestial_a matter_n be_v hinder_v more_o vehement_o press_v the_o water_n from_o 2_o to_o 1_o because_o it_o be_v more_o near_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o quarter_n yet_o the_o motion_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v more_o violent_a in_o the_o full_a moon_n than_o in_o the_o new_a at_o least_o in_o some_o place_n which_o except_o you_o will_v ascribe_v to_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n i_o see_v no_o other_o cause_n neither_o can_v we_o otherwise_o show_v why_o in_o the_o full_a moon_n both_o tree_n and_o animal_n have_v great_a humour_n than_o in_o the_o new_a see_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v equal_o augment_v in_o the_o new_a moon_n yet_o that_o be_v marvellous_a that_o one_o twistius_n a_o dutchman_n relate_v in_o his_o description_n of_o india_n concern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o gazaratt_n where_o for_o many_o year_n he_o dwell_v that_o cockle_n crab_n and_o other_o shelly_a fish_n be_v less_o fleshy_a and_o juicy_a in_o the_o full_a moon_n than_o in_o the_o new_a which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o region_n neither_o be_v it_o less_o admirable_a that_o on_o the_o shore_n near_o to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n indus_n in_o the_o same_o kingdom_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v augment_v and_o swell_v in_o the_o new_a moon_n and_o not_o far_o from_o thence_o in_o the_o sea_n of_o calicut_n the_o increase_n be_v in_o the_o full_a moon_n proposition_n xiii_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o vernal_a and_o autumnal_a equinox_n or_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n the_o intumescency_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v great_a than_o in_o the_o other_o season_n of_o the_o year_n but_o least_o in_o the_o solstice_n great_a in_o spring_n and_o autumn_n the_o intumescency_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v great_a cartesius_n indeed_o pretend_v to_o show_v a_o demonstration_n of_o this_o propriety_n from_o his_o hypothesis_n but_o i_o can_v
apprehend_v it_o from_o his_o word_n neither_o do_v i_o see_v how_o it_o can_v follow_v from_o his_o hypothesis_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o sun_n and_o general_a wind_n do_v very_o much_o contribute_v to_o this_o intumescency_n of_o the_o water_n and_o see_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o aequinoctial_o do_v incumb_fw-la on_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n therefore_o either_o he_o or_o the_o wind_n cause_n that_o the_o sea_n than_o swell_v more_o than_o at_o another_o time_n but_o as_o concern_v the_o solstice_n we_o must_v say_v in_o a_o contrary_a mode_n or_o that_o the_o same_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o great_a intumescency_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_o either_o of_o the_o spring_n or_o autumn_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o more_o frequent_a rain_n wind_n and_o inundadion_n in_o those_o season_n proposition_n fourteen_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n gulf_n and_o shore_n great_a be_v the_o increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o influx_n and_o deflux_n in_o other_o some_o it_o be_v very_o small_a in_o some_o not_o discernible_a and_o so_o there_o be_v no_o flux_n and_o reflux_n or_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n ocean_n the_o increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o the_o water_n in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n those_o place_n receive_v great_a augmentation_n and_o decrease_n 1._o that_o be_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n between_o the_o tropic_n for_o then_o the_o moon_n press_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v there_o carry_v round_o 2._o in_o place_n that_o be_v direct_o extend_v from_o east_n to_o west_n or_o nigh_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n 3._o in_o those_o gulf_n that_o be_v long_a and_o less_o broad_a the_o augmentation_n be_v the_o more_o sensible_a 4._o in_o those_o place_n in_o which_o few_o island_n or_o procurrent_n adjoyn_v to_o the_o earth_n cambaja_n the_o great_a flux_n and_o deflux_n in_o the_o straight_a of_o cambaja_n the_o great_a flux_n and_o deflux_n hitherto_o observe_v be_v that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o straight_a of_o cambaja_n in_o one_o of_o the_o inlet_n of_o the_o river_n indus_n and_o it_o have_v strike_v many_o with_o admiration_n for_o the_o water_n recede_v to_o a_o high_a distance_n and_o that_o very_o speedy_o whence_o not_o without_o reason_n the_o river_n indus_n or_o the_o gulf_n of_o cambaja_n be_v think_v to_o be_v that_o unto_o which_o when_o that_o alexander_n the_o great_a come_v and_o endeavour_v to_o pass_v his_o army_n over_o as_o it_o be_v there_o relate_v the_o water_n present_o go_v back_o and_o leave_v his_o ship_n a_o ground_n hence_o he_o go_v no_o far_o but_o judge_v that_o the_o god_n have_v here_o fix_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o expedition_n with_o a_o prohibition_n of_o proceed_v any_o far_o the_o cause_n be_v the_o small_a or_o narrow_a and_o deep_a depression_n of_o the_o channel_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v probable_a there_o be_v some_o other_o cause_n damman_n fluv_n and_o reflux_n at_o damman_n at_o the_o city_n damman_n in_o india_n not_o far_o from_o surat_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n by_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v vary_v at_o two_o and_o a_o half_a orygas_n and_o the_o sea_n depart_v from_o the_o shore_n the_o space_n of_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o cambaja_n the_o flux_n augment_v the_o altitude_n five_o orgyas_n other_o say_v seven_o which_o unusual_a augmentation_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o ship_n by_o unexperienced_a mariner_n for_o the_o water_n fall_v they_o have_v be_v split_v on_o the_o rock_n red-sea_n no_o constant_a time_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o the_o red-sea_n in_o the_o gulf_n and_o shore_n of_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n no_o constant_a time_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v observe_v for_o sometime_o the_o water_n flow_v and_o reflow_v in_o three_o hour_n othersome_a in_o twelve_o hour_n which_o inconstancy_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o violent_a irruption_n of_o the_o ocean_n into_o that_o straight_a and_o from_o the_o various_a agitation_n of_o the_o wind_n about_o malacca_n also_o at_o the_o straight_a of_o sunda_n a_o notable_a flux_n and_o deflux_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n or_o red_a sea_n some_o of_o the_o ancient_n have_v write_v that_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o reflux_n as_o scaliger_n write_v that_o moses_n and_o the_o israelite_n pass_v over_o without_o any_o miracle_n but_o it_o be_v false_a because_o the_o reflux_n be_v not_o there_o so_o great_a as_o to_o leave_v the_o channel_n dry_a on_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v very_o sensible_a as_o also_o at_o the_o isle_n of_o japan_n at_o panama_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o america_n lie_v at_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n the_o sea_n be_v very_o much_o exalt_v panama_n the_o sea_n at_o the_o flux_n much_o exalt_v at_o panama_n and_o by_o and_o by_o depress_v again_o in_o the_o full_a moon_n the_o flux_n be_v so_o much_o augment_v that_o water_n enter_v into_o the_o house_n of_o the_o city_n yea_o in_o almost_o all_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o south_n sea_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n be_v wonderful_o augment_v and_o diminish_v so_o that_o in_o the_o reflux_n the_o decrease_n be_v sensible_a for_o two_o mile_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n at_o the_o shore_n of_o sâ—am_n the_o flux_n augment_v the_o altitude_n ten_o foot_n sea_n the_o flux_n not_o perceivable_a in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n but_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n which_o flow_v in_o through_o the_o strait_n of_o gibraltar_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n the_o flux_n be_v not_o perceivable_a because_o the_o situation_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o quarter_n into_o which_o the_o sea_n be_v move_v and_o therefore_o the_o water_n of_o it_o be_v little_o augment_v by_o the_o flux_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o discernible_a unless_o in_o the_o gulf_n of_o venice_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o long_a extension_n and_o small_a latitude_n show_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n when_o in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o notable_a latitude_n that_o little_a augmentation_n and_o decrease_n be_v not_o discover_v whence_o this_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v unknown_a to_o the_o grecian_n as_o also_o to_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o time_n of_o scipio_n africanus_n and_o the_o grecian_n as_o well_v as_o the_o roman_n account_v it_o as_o miraculous_a what_o sometime_o they_o discover_v in_o other_o place_n as_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o expedition_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a and_o of_o scipio_n in_o the_o expugnation_n of_o carthage_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o cicero_n it_o be_v know_v to_o the_o roman_n yet_o some_o observe_v it_o a_o little_a at_o massilia_n also_o at_o certain_a coast_n of_o barbary_n it_o be_v note_v enough_o out_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n not_o yet_o find_v out_o in_o the_o baltic_a ocean_n as_o also_o in_o the_o whole_a northern_a sea_n beyond_o england_n towards_o norway_n and_o greenland_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o yet_o find_v out_o as_o neither_o in_o the_o north_n coast_n of_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n but_o the_o cause_n be_v not_o yet_o sufficient_o know_v unless_o you_o will_v say_v that_o those_o sea_n be_v remote_a from_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o also_o that_o they_o be_v extend_v from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n and_o north_n moreover_o that_o many_o isle_n and_o procurrency_n of_o land_n do_v hinder_v these_o three_o must_v be_v conjoin_v to_o impede_fw-la the_o flux_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o these_o place_n proposition_n xv._o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o violent_a motion_n viz._n a_o impulse_n but_o the_o reflux_n be_v a_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o water_n for_o the_o flux_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o pression_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o matter_n between_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o earth_n or_o also_o because_o that_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o remain_v in_o that_o situation_n which_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o flux_n this_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o it_o be_v a_o violent_a motion_n but_o in_o the_o reflux_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v from_o a_o more_o high_a place_n to_o a_o more_o depress_a place_n which_o be_v the_o natural_a motion_n of_o water_n lemma_n the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v give_v in_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o the_o latitude_n and_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n from_o a_o ephemerides_n or_o by_o supputation_n or_o astronomical_a observation_n to_o find_v on_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o moon_n at_o the_o hour_n give_v be_v vertical_a also_o to_o exhibit_v all_o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o
which_o the_o moon_n will_v be_v vertical_a that_o day_n viz._n one_o after_o another_o 19_o see_v proposition_n 13._o in_o chap._n 19_o the_o use_n of_o this_o problem_n be_v great_a yea_o very_a necessary_a in_o the_o doctrine_n concern_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o mode_n of_o perform_v of_o the_o same_o you_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o nineteenth_o chapter_n and_o the_o thirteen_o proposition_n for_o there_o it_o be_v more_o convenient_o explain_v yet_o the_o explication_n of_o that_o proposition_n may_v be_v anticipate_v and_o demonstrate_v to_o the_o studious_a in_o this_o chapter_n proposition_n xvi_o in_o those_o place_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v vertical_a the_o flux_n and_o deflux_n be_v great_a except_o that_o there_o be_v other_o impediment_n which_o we_o have_v reckon_v up_o in_o the_o fourteen_o proposition_n and_o by_o how_o much_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o place_n by_o so_o much_o the_o flux_n and_o deflux_n be_v lesser_a other_o thing_n be_v equal_a for_o because_o in_o that_o place_n the_o pressure_n be_v great_a and_o the_o tumour_n of_o the_o water_n great_a which_o be_v more_o vicine_fw-la to_o the_o moon_n press_v and_o the_o celestial_a matter_n thence_o follow_v that_o that_o the_o proposition_n intimate_v the_o objection_n concern_v some_o other_o place_n in_o the_o comparison_n of_o which_o the_o contrary_a be_v find_v be_v to_o be_v excuse_v by_o the_o admixtion_n of_o other_o cause_n proposition_n xvii_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v unconstant_a in_o every_o place_n and_o divers_a on_o several_a day_n and_o by_o so_o much_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a by_o how_o much_o the_o moon_n be_v more_o remote_a or_o near_o unto_o that_o place_n ecliptic_a the_o moon_n every_o day_n change_v her_o place_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a for_o the_o moon_n every_o day_n change_v her_o place_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o so_o on_o other_o day_n be_v vertical_a to_o other_o place_n and_o by_o consequence_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o any_o place_n or_o more_o near_o which_o be_v observe_v we_o conclude_v from_o the_o precede_a proposition_n that_o there_o be_v a_o divers_a quantity_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o place_n on_o divers_a day_n whether_o that_o the_o diversity_n be_v sensible_a or_o insensible_a proposition_n xviii_o the_o great_a intumescency_n of_o water_n in_o any_o place_n and_o term_v of_o the_o flux_n aught_o to_o be_v when_o that_o the_o moon_n do_v occupy_v the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n but_o in_o many_o place_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o another_o situation_n of_o the_o moon_n for_o than_o be_v the_o moon_n most_o nigh_o to_o any_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n when_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n of_o that_o place_n because_o that_o the_o hypotenusa_fw-la of_o a_o right_a angle_a triangle_n be_v low_a than_o the_o cathetus_n whence_o it_o be_v infer_v by_o the_o xvi_o proposition_n that_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o the_o meridian_n 16._o see_v proposition_n 16._o there_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o great_a intumescency_n and_o altitude_n of_o water_n and_o immediate_o a_o decrease_n to_o succeed_v but_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o the_o low_a of_o the_o meridian_n than_o the_o narrow_a of_o the_o vortex_n of_o the_o earth_n opposite_a to_o it_o in_o the_o upper_a meridian_n and_o therefore_o do_v effect_v the_o same_o as_o if_o that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v present_a but_o here_o arise_v a_o great_a difficulty_n for_o there_o be_v many_o place_n and_o coast_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o we_o find_v that_o the_o term_n of_o the_o flux_n be_v not_o when_o that_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n as_o the_o philosopher_n hold_v before_o this_o age_n but_o soon_o or_o late_a viz._n when_o that_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o a_o certain_a quarter_n not_o cardinal_n and_o this_o quarter_n be_v not_o constant_o observe_v but_o in_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o great_a intumescency_n be_v and_o the_o begin_n of_o a_o detumescency_n before_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o this_o quarter_n or_o vertical_a circle_n so_o at_o london_n the_o water_n be_v at_o the_o high_a when_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o the_o quarter_n which_o be_v between_o the_o south_n and_o west_n or_o north_n and_o east_n that_o be_v to_o the_o south_n west_n or_o north_n east_n quarter_n at_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n in_o the_o port_n of_o the_o city_n maccau_n portugal_n the_o great_a flux_n at_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n observe_v by_o a_o portugal_n a_o certain_a portugal_n mariner_n observe_v the_o time_n of_o the_o great_a intumescency_n by_o this_o mode_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v 22_o degree_n 20_o minute_n in_o the_o year_n 1584._o on_o the_o 19_o of_o september_n the_o moon_n be_v at_o full_a than_o the_o intumescency_n or_o altitude_n of_o the_o high_a water_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o morning_n at_o ½_n or_o ¼_n of_o a_o hour_n past_o 8._o therefore_o then_o the_o moon_n be_v remove_v from_o the_o meridian_n 3_o ¼_n hour_n whence_o the_o quarter_n or_o vertical_a circle_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n at_o that_o moment_n of_o time_n be_v be_v find_v according_a to_o the_o problem_n of_o the_o 30_o chapter_n anno_fw-la 1585._o on_o the_o 16_o of_o february_n in_o the_o full_a moon_n the_o great_a height_n of_o water_n be_v observe_v at_o half_a a_o hour_n past_o a_o eleven_o a_o clock_n at_o noon_n place_n certain_a observation_n take_v by_o a_o dutch_a mariner_n of_o the_o flux_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o many_o place_n a_o certain_a dutch_a mariner_n on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n note_v the_o hour_n of_o divers_a place_n for_o the_o term_n or_o intumescency_n of_o the_o flux_n from_o which_o i_o have_v extract_v these_o at_o the_o twelve_o hour_n on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o flanders_n at_o enchusen_n in_o holland_n at_o horn_n at_o embden_n in_o east_n freezland_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o elve_n at_o eider_n at_o the_o isle_n of_o jutland_n and_o at_o dover_n at_o england_n at_o 45_o minute_n past_o 12_o at_o flushing_n in_o zealand_n half_o a_o hour_n after_o one_o a_o clock_n at_o the_o occidental_a coast_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n at_o calis_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n at_o the_o shore_n of_o zealand_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o scald_v in_o mosa_n and_o at_o gore_v a_o quarter_n after_o two_o before_o the_o mouth_n of_o scald_v and_o the_o mouth_n of_o mosa_n at_o three_o a_o clock_n at_o amsterdam_n rotterdam_n dort_n in_o holland_n at_o newcastle_n in_o england_n at_o arment_n in_o flanders_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n of_o bordeaux_n in_o the_o south_n coast_n of_o britain_n gallocia_n gascoyn_n biscay_n portugal_n and_o spain_n and_o on_o the_o western_a coast_n of_o ireland_n even_o to_o hitland_n a_o quarter_n after_o four_o in_o the_o evening_n at_o rouen_n in_o france_n between_o mosa_n and_o rochel_n in_o the_o river_n of_o bordeaux_n in_o the_o bay_n of_o the_o spanish_a portugal_n and_o gallecian_a coast_n in_o the_o south_n coast_n of_o britain_n in_o france_n gascoyn_n and_o on_o the_o western_a coast_n of_o ireland_n half_n a_o hour_n past_o four_o from_o the_o texel_n at_o the_o south_n coast_n of_o ireland_n a_o quarter_n past_o five_o in_o all_o the_o port_n of_o the_o southern_a coast_n of_o ireland_n at_o plymouth_n in_o england_n and_o other_o southern_a place_n of_o it_o even_o to_o the_o coast_n of_o wales_n at_o six_o in_o the_o evening_n and_o morning_n before_o hamburgh_n in_o the_o elbe_n before_o bremen_n the_o texel_n antwerp_n in_o the_o channel_n between_o england_n and_o brabant_n without_o sorlis_n a_o quarter_n before_o seven_o in_o the_o evening_n between_o fawick_n and_o vaelmuya_n in_o the_o channel_n even_o to_o bristol_n before_o st._n nicholas_n and_o podessembe_n even_o to_o waymouth_n and_o hartepole_n at_o half_a a_o hour_n past_o seven_o in_o the_o haven_n at_o the_o texel_n at_o kilduyna_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n nigh_o plymouth_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n even_o to_o the_o promontory_n of_o the_o lizard_n a_o quarter_n past_o eight_o in_o the_o evening_n nigh_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n in_o the_o channel_n even_o to_o bevesier_n without_o the_o fly_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o holland_n at_o nine_o before_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n ems_n in_o freezland_n before_o the_o fly_n before_o the_o coast_n of_o freezland_n at_o the_o eastern_a coast_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n at_o half_a a_o hour_n past_o ten_o before_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n thames_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o normandy_n and_o picardy_n and_o at_o a_o quarter_n
number_n and_o almost_o all_o send_v forth_o spring_v scaliger_n and_o other_o assert_v that_o this_o caspian_a sea_n be_v carry_v by_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n but_o he_o allege_v no_o probation_n of_o it_o yet_o that_o may_v be_v a_o sign_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o euxine_a sea_n perpetual_o send_v forth_o water_n in_o great_a abundance_n through_o the_o bosphorus_n which_o abundance_n of_o water_n some_o think_v that_o it_o do_v not_o receive_v from_o the_o river_n but_o by_o a_o subterranean_a passage_n from_o the_o caspian_a sea_n but_o it_o seem_v not_o so_o to_o i_o to_o have_v any_o conjunction_n with_o the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v a_o lake_n and_o so_o rather_o to_o be_v call_v than_o a_o sea_n now_o whence_o it_o be_v first_o generate_v be_v a_o great_a difficulty_n some_o say_v that_o great_a mountain_n of_o salt_n be_v find_v in_o its_o bottom_n and_o that_o thence_o it_o have_v its_o saltness_n but_o the_o water_n they_o suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o multitude_n of_o river_n that_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o this_o lake_n or_o sea_n yet_o although_o these_o water_n make_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o it_o yet_o i_o think_v it_o more_o probable_a that_o this_o sea_n for_o some_o age_n since_o be_v conjoin_v to_o the_o ocean_n neither_o do_v i_o question_v but_o that_o the_o euxine_a sea_n will_v at_o length_n become_v a_o lake_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o bosphorus_n be_v obstruct_v proposition_n ix_o to_o make_v a_o lake_n in_o a_o place_n if_o that_o it_o be_v possible_a lake_n of_o make_v lake_n it_o may_v be_v do_v if_o that_o there_o be_v a_o river_n in_o the_o land_n adjoin_v or_o that_o a_o spring_n be_v find_v in_o the_o place_n and_o that_o the_o place_n be_v somewhat_o more_o depress_v and_o low_a than_o in_o the_o adjacent_a place_n although_o small_a lake_n may_v be_v also_o make_v on_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n therefore_o the_o place_n must_v be_v hallow_v and_o the_o earth_n dig_v away_o unto_o so_o great_a a_o depth_n and_o amplitude_n as_o we_o require_v and_o its_o side_n must_v be_v fence_v with_o bank_n uphold_v by_o wood_n if_o need_v so_o require_v then_o a_o inlett_n be_v make_v from_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n the_o water_n must_v be_v let_v in_o or_o if_o that_o a_o fountain_n in_o that_o place_n afford_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o that_o inlett_n or_o aqueduct_v proposition_n x._o to_o take_v away_o or_o dry_v up_o a_o lake_n lake_n of_o dry_v up_o of_o lake_n that_o may_v be_v perform_v two_o way_n 1._o if_o the_o bottom_n of_o that_o lake_n be_v high_o or_o of_o almost_o a_o equal_a depression_n with_o the_o vicine_fw-la place_n a_o aqueduct_v be_v make_v the_o water_n will_v flow_v from_o the_o place_n or_o lake_n and_o at_o length_n will_v render_v the_o bottom_n dry_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n assist_v and_o earth_n be_v cast_v in_o 2._o if_o that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o lake_n be_v low_a than_o the_o vicine_fw-la place_n it_o must_v first_o be_v fence_v with_o a_o trench_n in_o its_o whole_a circuit_n leave_v only_o some_o channel_n or_o open_a passage_n then_o make_v use_n of_o water-mill_n the_o water_n must_v be_v expel_v and_o draw_v out_o and_o then_o the_o bottom_n must_v be_v cover_v with_o earth_n and_o dung_n and_o such_o seed_n cast_v in_o which_o sudden_o will_v take_v root_n as_o mustardseed_n colewort_n and_o the_o like_a by_o this_o mode_n the_o dutch_a very_o well_o know_v how_o to_o drain_v lake_n and_o to_o make_v fruitful_a land_n of_o they_o proposition_n xi_o marsh_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n some_o be_v ouzey_a and_o consist_v of_o a_o mix_a substance_n as_o it_o be_v viz._n of_o water_n and_o earth_n so_o that_o it_o will_v not_o suffer_v the_o footstep_n of_o a_o man_n other_o have_v small_a stand_a pool_n with_o small_a portion_n of_o dry_a land_n here_o and_o there_o sort_n marsh_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v those_o that_o receive_v or_o send_v forth_o no_o river_n such_o marsh_n be_v in_o holland_n brabant_n where_o be_v the_o marish_a de_fw-fr peel_n and_o many_o in_o westphalia_n to_o which_o some_o of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v admix_v but_o many_o of_o the_o second_o kind_n be_v find_v at_o the_o original_n or_o spring_n of_o river_n whence_o some_o be_v wont_a to_o call_v these_o spring_n or_o fountain_n marsh_n as_o the_o marsh_n of_o tanais_n in_o moscovia_n of_o the_o nile_n etc._n etc._n such_o marsh_n also_o seem_v to_o be_v in_o savolax_n a_o province_n in_o finland_n in_o a_o great_a tract_n of_o land_n also_o the_o marsh_n of_o enarack_n the_o chelonides_n marsh_n of_o africa_n the_o marsh_n of_o chaldea_n through_o which_o the_o euphrates_n do_v pass_v these_o marsh_n be_v frequent_o find_v in_o wood_n and_o desert_n that_o be_v ericose_v because_o that_o the_o rain_n which_o irrigate_v those_o lane_n and_o collect_v in_o its_o cavity_n be_v not_o attract_v by_o the_o sun_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o leave_n of_o tree_n do_v repel_v its_o ray_n such_o kind_n of_o marsh_n be_v find_v here_o and_o there_o in_o germany_n and_o moscovia_n moreover_o these_o marsh_n of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v fourfold_a viz._n some_o both_o receive_v and_o send_v forth_o river_n some_o only_o receive_v some_o only_o send_v forth_o and_o some_o neither_o receive_v nor_o send_v forth_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v generate_v and_o conserve_v partly_o by_o occult_a spring_n and_o water_n effuse_v before_o that_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o certain_a channel_n and_o also_o from_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n than_o can_v possible_o be_v bring_v through_o a_o channel_n many_o of_o which_o sort_n be_v in_o moscovia_n and_o finland_n marsh_n of_o the_o last_o kind_n probable_o be_v conserve_v and_o spring_n from_o rain_n and_o small_a spring_n aristotle_n call_v the_o palus_n maeotis_n a_o lake_n and_o that_o more_o right_o proposition_n xii_o marsh_n have_v a_o sulphurous_a bituminous_a and_o fat_a earth_n this_o be_v discover_v both_o from_o the_o black_a colour_n and_o from_o the_o reed_n which_o be_v generate_v from_o it_o marsh_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o marsh_n and_o easy_o take_v fire_n as_o be_v find_v in_o holland_n and_o other_o place_n the_o cause_n be_v by_o reason_n that_o such_o substance_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o raise_v of_o the_o earth_n where_o these_o marsh_n do_v exist_v yet_o all_o marsh_n be_v not_o such_o but_o where_o the_o earth_n be_v stony_a and_o hard_a there_o be_v no_o marsh_n for_o where_o there_o be_v a_o soft_a earth_n there_o for_o a_o certain_a be_v a_o fat_a and_o sulphurous_a substance_n proposition_n xiii_o to_o drain_v marsh_n and_o fen_n fen_n of_o drain_n of_o fen_n although_o some_o fen_n have_v a_o high_a profundity_n yet_o no_o more_o be_v require_v to_o drain_v they_o to_o such_o a_o depth_n which_o we_o may_v do_v if_o that_o we_o cause_v the_o water_n to_o flow_v away_o by_o some_o channel_n or_o aqueduct_v 2._o if_o that_o after_o some_o week_n they_o have_v be_v dry_v by_o the_o sun_n we_o cast_v in_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o dry_a earth_n 3._o if_o that_o we_o make_v a_o fire_n upon_o they_o and_o 4._o if_o that_o we_o hinder_v water_n from_o flow_v into_o they_o as_o rain_n and_o the_o like_a chap._n xvi_o of_o river_n in_o general_n proposition_n i._n we_o comprehend_v in_o this_o proposition_n the_o definition_n necessary_a for_o this_o doctrine_n definition_n of_o river_n and_o their_o definition_n 1._o a_o river_n be_v water_n flow_v from_o a_o certain_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o another_o place_n in_o a_o long_a tract_n and_o within_o its_o channel_n a_o channel_n be_v that_o cavity_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o the_o water_n be_v contain_v which_o be_v more_o depress_v and_o low_o than_o the_o shore_n of_o that_o water_n 2._o a_o rivulet_n be_v a_o river_n that_o have_v not_o the_o profundity_n and_o breadth_n as_o to_o admit_v of_o small_a lade_v vessel_n 3._o that_o be_v term_v amnis_fw-la which_o admit_v of_o those_o vessel_n but_o if_o they_o will_v bear_v moderate_a vessel_n great_a one_o lade_v than_o it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o general_a term_n of_o fluvius_n and_o flumen_n 4._o that_o water_n be_v term_v a_o torrent_n which_o flow_v from_o the_o mountainous_a place_n with_o a_o violence_n 5._o where_o two_o river_n meet_v that_o place_n be_v call_v a_o confluence_n 6._o a_o river_n or_o rivulet_n which_o flow_v from_o another_o be_v term_v a_o branch_n or_o arm_n yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v take_v for_o such_o a_o arm_n which_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o river_n yet_o those_o be_v also_o frequent_o
term_v arm_n which_o proceed_v from_o a_o river_n divaricate_v into_o two_o channel_n 7._o a_o fountain_n or_o spring_n be_v water_n bubble_v and_o flow_v forward_o from_o a_o certain_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n 8._o a_o well_o be_v when_o the_o water_n bubble_v up_o but_o flow_v not_o forward_o proposition_n ii_o torrent_n and_o rivulet_n may_v sometime_o proceed_v from_o a_o quantity_n of_o rain_n and_o dissolve_v snow_n proceed_v from_o whence_o torrent_n and_o rivulet_n do_v proceed_v for_o in_o the_o mountainous_a or_o more_o elevate_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v many_o cavity_n small_a lake_n and_o stand_v pool_n now_o if_o that_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o water_n flow_v into_o these_o from_o the_o fall_v of_o rain_n or_o snow_n that_o they_o can_v well_o contain_v they_o they_o overflow_v and_o run_v down_o on_o the_o more_o depress_a place_n and_o because_o that_o on_o every_o year_n this_o happen_v it_o make_v a_o channel_n for_o itself_o but_o sometime_o torrent_n do_v flow_v without_o any_o channel_n from_o this_o cause_n viz._n rains_n and_o the_o dissolution_n of_o snow_n many_o rivulet_n be_v make_v also_o torrent_n and_o moderate_a or_o indifferent_a river_n in_o those_o place_n which_o have_v ridge_n of_o mountain_n in_o a_o long_a tract_n as_o the_o procurrent_a of_o africa_n india_n peru_n sumatra_n and_o the_o like_a and_o these_o rivulet_n flow_v neither_o in_o the_o summer_n nor_o in_o the_o night_n but_o only_o in_o the_o day_n proposition_n iii_o most_n rivulet_n proceed_v from_o fountain_n but_o river_n of_o a_o great_a magnitude_n have_v their_o original_a either_o from_o the_o congress_n of_o many_o rivulet_n and_o indifferent_a river_n or_o flow_v from_o lake_n and_o marsh_n for_o no_o river_n of_o any_o considerable_a magnitude_n as_o the_o albis_n the_o rhine_n do_v flow_v from_o one_o fountain_n but_o exist_v from_o many_o small_a spring_n or_o lake_n fountain_n rivulet_n proceed_v from_o fountain_n but_o these_o proceed_n from_o lake_n be_v augment_v by_o the_o accession_n of_o other_o river_n the_o river_n volga_n or_o rha_n receive_v two_o hundred_o and_o more_o partly_o rivulet_n and_o partly_o indifferent_a river_n before_o that_o it_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o the_o danube_n as_o many_o before_o she_o flow_v into_o the_o pontus_n and_o although_o that_o pliny_n and_o cardan_n write_v that_o no_o river_n flow_v into_o the_o nile_n yet_o experience_n testify_v the_o contrary_a to_o they_o that_o have_v travel_v in_o abyssine_n the_o proposition_n be_v easy_o prove_v by_o a_o enumeration_n of_o example_n mountain_n spring_n proceed_v common_o from_o hill_n &_o mountain_n the_o spring_n of_o some_o rivulet_n and_o river_n be_v in_o mountain_n and_o elevate_v place_n and_o some_o on_o a_o plane_n as_o for_o the_o spring_n of_o those_o river_n that_o proceed_v from_o lake_n we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n that_o those_o spring_n be_v in_o the_o bottom_n or_o channel_n of_o the_o lake_n and_o that_o such_o lake_n be_v as_o it_o be_v conduit_n and_o effusion_n about_o the_o spring_n before_o that_o the_o water_n flow_v in_o a_o channel_n or_o in_o a_o great_a quantity_n for_o some_o spring_n be_v cover_v with_o earth_n or_o water_n other_o open_z the_o spring_n on_o a_o plane_n be_v of_o those_o river_n from_o which_o tanais_n and_o albis_n exist_v in_o their_o first_o tract_n unto_o which_o other_o do_v accede_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o collect_v other_o example_n cardanus_n deny_v â—â—h_v these_o fountain_n to_o be_v generate_v in_o these_o plane_n place_n but_o to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o vicine_fw-la mountain_n by_o some_o subterraneous_a passage_n but_o i_o suppose_v that_o such_o spring_n first_o make_v a_o stand_a pool_n or_o marsh_n for_o tanais_n seem_v not_o to_o flow_v from_o a_o spring_n but_o from_o a_o marsh_n or_o some_o less_o profound_a lake_n many_o be_v the_o mountainous_a spring_n of_o rivulet_n as_o of_o those_o of_o the_o rhine_n po_n danube_n borysthenes_n etc._n etc._n the_o nile_n wolga_n and_o the_o great_a river_n of_o st._n laurence_n in_o canada_n flow_v from_o a_o lake_n yet_o there_o be_v one_o mode_n by_o which_o from_o one_o fountain_n a_o great_a river_n may_v proceed_v viz._n if_o that_o the_o fountain_n be_v on_o a_o elevate_v place_n but_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n must_v be_v a_o little_a high_o than_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o inlet_n so_o the_o flow_a water_n first_o in_o a_o more_o swift_a current_n then_o in_o a_o more_o slow_a be_v collect_v in_o the_o channel_n and_o in_o course_n of_o time_n may_v be_v a_o very_a great_a river_n by_o reason_n that_o so_o much_o do_v not_o flow_v out_o in_o the_o first_o generation_n proposition_n iu_o river_n be_v very_o much_o augment_v by_o frequent_a rain_n and_o dissolve_v snow_n and_o that_o in_o divers_a season_n and_o month_n of_o the_o year_n snow_n river_n be_v much_o increase_v by_o rain_n and_o snow_n so_o in_o the_o region_n of_o peru_n and_o chili_n some_o river_n be_v so_o small_a that_o they_o flow_v not_o in_o the_o night_n time_n but_o only_o in_o the_o day_n because_o that_o then_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o snow_n dissolve_v on_o the_o mountainâ—_n of_o the_o andes_n through_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o the_o river_n both_o in_o the_o oriental_a and_o occidental_a coast_n of_o the_o procurrent_a of_o africa_n as_o in_o congo_z angola_n and_o the_o like_a be_v big_a in_o the_o day_n than_o in_o the_o night_n so_o it_o be_v also_o in_o the_o shore_n of_o malabar_n and_o chormandel_n in_o india_n yea_o in_o those_o four_o region_n in_o summer_n time_n the_o river_n be_v almost_o dry_v up_o and_o in_o the_o winter_n or_o wet_a season_n be_v overflow_a so_o wolga_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n and_o june_n abound_v with_o water_n so_o that_o the_o land_n and_o island_n be_v then_o cover_v with_o water_n in_o the_o other_o month_n the_o sand_n will_v hardly_o admit_v a_o passage_n over_o they_o for_o ship_n that_o be_v lade_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o then_o the_o snow_n be_v dissolve_v on_o the_o mountain_n whence_o those_o rivulet_n proceed_v which_o be_v more_o than_o one_o hundred_o do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o volga_n so_o the_o nile_n ganges_n indus_n etc._n etc._n be_v augment_v from_o rain_n or_o snow_n so_o that_o they_o overflow_v the_o land_n but_o these_o augment_v happen_v in_o a_o different_a season_n because_o that_o they_o arise_v from_o divers_a cause_n and_o divers_a place_n for_o by_o reason_n that_o rain_v be_v more_o frequent_a in_o the_o winter_n therefore_o river_n be_v more_o high_a at_o the_o season_n except_o another_o cause_n intervene_v from_o the_o dissolution_n of_o snow_n which_o sometime_o happen_v in_o some_o place_n and_o mountain_n in_o the_o spring_n in_o other_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o in_o other_o in_o the_o intermedial_a time_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o snow_n be_v then_o dissolve_v on_o the_o mountain_n that_o be_v adjacent_a to_o the_o rivulet_n of_o these_o river_n moreover_o some_o river_n especial_o the_o great_a proceed_v from_o remote_a place_n where_o it_o be_v then_o summer_n when_o it_o be_v winter_n in_o the_o place_n through_o which_o they_o flow_v and_o those_o variation_n cause_v the_o swell_a of_o river_n in_o divers_a season_n but_o most_o river_n do_v so_o in_o the_o spring_n because_o that_o then_o snow_n be_v dissolve_v in_o most_o place_n the_o variety_n of_o these_o cause_n must_v be_v show_v in_o the_o particular_a description_n of_o every_o river_n concern_v that_o peculiar_a spring_n of_o japan_n which_o flow_v every_o day_n only_o for_o two_o hour_n we_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n proposition_n v._o what_o may_v be_v the_o original_a of_o that_o water_n which_o flow_v from_o spring_n or_o whence_o be_v river_n generate_v spring_n the_o cause_n of_o water_n flow_v from_o spring_n we_o have_v before_o our_o eye_n the_o great_a river_n rhine_n albis_n and_o other_o the_o generation_n of_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o abundance_n of_o water_n seem_v more_o admirable_a than_o that_o of_o rivulet_n but_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o precedent_n and_o three_o proposition_n that_o the_o water_n of_o river_n partly_o proceed_v from_o 〈…〉_o and_o the_o dissolution_n of_o snow_n partly_o from_o lake_n and_o partly_o from_o the_o meeting_n of_o rivulet_n and_o river_n therefore_o the_o question_n be_v not_o so_o much_o concern_v the_o rise_n and_o spring_n of_o river_n as_o the_o original_a and_o perpetuity_n of_o fountain_n and_o spring_n various_a the_o opinion_n of_o philosopher_n and_o geographer_n be_v various_a the_o opinion_n of_o philosopher_n and_o geographer_n concern_v it_o be_v various_a 1._o some_o think_v that_o all_o the_o water_n of_o spring_n of_o river_n proceed_v from_o rain_n or_o
do_v grow_v and_o where_o that_o all_o well_n be_v salt_n in_o the_o city_n of_o suez_n at_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n all_o well_n be_v salt_n or_o brackish_a and_o the_o water_n two_o mile_n distant_a be_v somewhat_o salt_n so_o in_o many_o island_n in_o the_o sea_n no_o well_n of_o fresh_a water_n be_v find_v though_o not_o so_o salt_n as_o the_o sea_n water_n itself_o as_o in_o the_o isle_n of_o st._n vincent_n and_o other_o in_o peru_n in_o the_o low_a region_n the_o lake_n be_v salt_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sea_n yea_o in_o the_o oriental_a maritimate_a place_n the_o nut_n call_v coco_n nut_n be_v find_v somewhat_o salt_n also_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n themselves_o fountain_n of_o salt_n water_n be_v find_v as_o in_o lorraine_n lunenburgh_n and_o the_o like_a 3._o because_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o sea_n emit_v its_o water_n through_o subterraneous_a passage_n from_o the_o salt_n fountain_n of_o lunenburgh_n where_o beneath_o the_o earth_n those_o aqueduct_n full_a of_o salt_n or_o sea-water_n be_v find_v 4._o because_o that_o dig_v to_o a_o great_a depth_n as_o also_o in_o mine_n much_o water_n be_v find_v of_o which_o neither_o the_o rain_n nor_o the_o air_n can_v be_v make_v the_o efficient_a cause_n how_o water_n come_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o place_n of_o fountain_n so_o as_o to_o become_v sweet_a we_o have_v now_o show_v viz._n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o every_o where_o rocky_a or_o stony_a but_o in_o many_o place_n sandy_a muddy_a gravelly_a spongy_a drink_v the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o by_o a_o continuation_n of_o the_o earth_n bring_v it_o by_o degree_n to_o a_o long_a distance_n from_o the_o sea_n where_o at_o length_n the_o guttulae_fw-la unite_v especial_o in_o a_o narrow_a space_n such_o as_o be_v mountain_n and_o make_v a_o fountain_n in_o the_o give_v place_n or_o cavity_n but_o if_o so_o be_v that_o cavity_n be_v hide_v from_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o water_n so_o collect_v either_o follow_v another_o way_n wheresoever_o it_o be_v make_v and_o so_o a_o fountain_n seem_v to_o break_v forth_o in_o another_o place_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o in_o than_o place_n but_o be_v a_o river_n derive_v from_o the_o former_a place_n by_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n or_o if_o that_o the_o water_n of_o that_o cavity_n find_v no_o way_n about_o itself_o neither_o by_o violence_n can_v break_v through_o the_o earth_n that_o cover_v it_o than_o that_o water_n be_v not_o augment_v but_o what_o water_n flow_v unto_o it_o to_o have_v be_v its_o increase_n that_o be_v avert_v to_o another_o place_n for_o that_o be_v the_o property_n of_o all_o humid_a body_n that_o all_o their_o part_n and_o particle_n be_v move_v towards_o that_o place_n where_o the_o deflux_n be_v make_v so_o if_o you_o fill_v a_o vessel_n with_o water_n that_o the_o swell_a or_o tumour_n may_v be_v above_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o vessel_n than_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o extant_a water_n have_v a_o equal_a inclination_n and_o power_n of_o deflux_n in_o the_o vicine_fw-la part_n of_o the_o brim_n but_o yet_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o mutual_a coherence_n of_o the_o particle_n who_o cause_n be_v declare_v in_o natural_a philosophy_n if_o that_o the_o deflux_n be_v make_v in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o brim_n all_o the_o other_o part_n leave_v the_o vicine_fw-la brim_n and_o draw_v to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o brim_n or_o they_o follow_v where_o the_o deflux_n be_v make_v so_o if_o you_o immerge_n a_o long_a crust_n of_o bread_n into_o water_n you_o shall_v see_v the_o water_n bear_v upward_o and_o and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o bread_n that_o be_v not_o immerge_v to_o be_v humid_a cavern_n the_o sea_n go_v under_o the_o earth_n through_o cavern_n moreover_o the_o sea_n go_v under_o the_o earth_n through_o cavern_n from_o which_o after_o the_o same_o mode_n the_o water_n may_v glide_v or_o creep_v forth_o unless_o you_o have_v rather_o ascribe_v it_o to_o evaporation_n which_o be_v carry_v upward_o and_o unite_n the_o drop_n in_o a_o narrow_a place_n but_o because_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n which_o may_v seem_v to_o render_v this_o opinion_n less_o probable_a these_o aught_o also_o to_o be_v consider_v that_o it_o may_v be_v evident_a that_o they_o weaken_v not_o this_o assertion_n lay_v down_o note_v thing_n to_o be_v note_v 1._o the_o place_n of_o fountain_n be_v more_o elevate_v than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o reason_n that_o most_o of_o they_o be_v in_o mountainous_a place_n therefore_o water_n can_v flow_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o those_o place_n because_o the_o nature_n of_o water_n be_v to_o move_v to_o place_n more_o depress_v or_o less_o elevate_v as_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o river_n and_o the_o artifices_fw-la of_o drainer_n 2._o although_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v gravelly_a muddy_a and_o sandy_a so_o that_o the_o water_n may_v penetrate_v itself_o through_o its_o particle_n yet_o the_o reason_n do_v not_o appear_v evident_a enough_o but_o that_o it_o may_v more_o moisten_v the_o adjoin_a earth_n and_o that_o which_o be_v not_o so_o high_a than_o to_o glide_v upward_o to_o the_o place_n of_o fountain_n see_v especial_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v rocky_a and_o stony_a as_o in_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o island_n of_o st._n helena_n 3._o there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o water_n so_o glide_v from_o the_o sea_n shall_v not_o break_v forth_o in_o a_o middle_a way_n between_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o fountain_n 4._o in_o the_o most_o profound_a mine_n none_o or_o very_o little_a water_n be_v find_v as_o thurnheuserus_n witness_v 5._o this_o water_n of_o the_o fountain_n shall_v be_v salt_n because_o that_o it_o do_v proceed_v from_o the_o sea_n these_o be_v the_o chief_a argument_n which_o may_v seem_v to_o weaken_v the_o opinion_n propose_v for_o i_o pass_v by_o those_o slight_a one_o allege_v by_o other_o answer_v other_o argument_n answer_v viz._n that_o they_o suppose_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o supply_v so_o many_o river_n then_o again_o that_o river_n than_o shall_v never_o be_v diminish_v if_o that_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o river_n that_o we_o have_v lay_v down_o but_o unto_o these_o two_o the_o answer_n be_v easy_a because_o that_o the_o sea_n again_o receive_v the_o water_n again_o from_o the_o river_n that_o it_o send_v forth_o into_o the_o fountain_n then_o as_o for_o the_o other_o we_o have_v show_v before_o that_o the_o question_n be_v not_o neither_o do_v we_o determine_v that_o all_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n be_v from_o the_o sea_n but_o only_o concern_v the_o water_n of_o spring_n which_o be_v not_o the_o alone_a cause_n of_o river_n as_o we_o have_v say_v already_o and_o we_o also_o assert_v that_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n be_v augment_v from_o rain_n and_o dew_n because_o that_o these_o moisten_v the_o earth_n glide_v or_o be_v draw_v towards_o the_o place_n of_o fountain_n concernment_n four_o other_o argument_n of_o great_a concernment_n where_o the_o efflux_n of_o the_o water_n be_v make_v which_o we_o have_v explain_v by_o other_o example_n we_o come_v now_o to_o those_o four_o argument_n allege_v which_o may_v seem_v to_o carry_v some_o weight_n with_o they_o the_o first_o be_v esteem_v very_o valid_a as_o be_v take_v from_o multiplicit_fw-la experience_n therefore_o many_o solution_n be_v bring_v and_o allege_v by_o learned_a man_n first_o they_o the_o most_o easy_o discharge_v themselves_o who_o defend_v the_o ocean_n to_o be_v more_o high_a than_o the_o earth_n for_o so_o they_o deny_v the_o assertion_n and_o they_o say_v that_o this_o altitude_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o spring_n because_o that_o spring_n be_v less_o high_a than_o the_o water_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n persia_n see_v olearius_n his_o voyage_n into_o persia_n moreover_o olearius_n in_o the_o description_n of_o his_o voyage_n into_o persia_n relate_v that_o he_o ascend_v the_o mountain_n that_o adjoin_v to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o with_o a_o astrolabe_n or_o rather_o a_o gaeodetical_a instrument_n to_o observe_v the_o elevation_n of_o this_o mountain_n above_o the_o superficies_n of_o that_o sea_n but_o find_v none_o but_o that_o the_o extreme_a superficies_n of_o that_o sea_n be_v see_v in_o the_o horizontal_n line_n yea_o somewhat_o elevate_v above_o it_o so_o that_o the_o tumour_n of_o this_o sea_n be_v find_v a_o little_a more_o high_a than_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o mountain_n on_o which_o he_o make_v his_o observation_n but_o in_o truth_n this_o solution_n can_v be_v admit_v of_o 13._o see_v chap._n 13._o because_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o thirteen_o chapter_n that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o high_a than_o the_o mountain_n
and_o shore_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o frequent_a observation_n of_o mathematician_n make_v on_o tower_n or_o shore_n testify_v it_o and_o as_o for_o the_o observation_n of_o olearius_n that_o seem_v to_o cause_v no_o small_a difficulty_n here_o for_o that_o the_o caspian_a sea_n be_v no_o high_a than_o the_o vicine_fw-la land_n much_o less_o than_o the_o mountain_n be_v collect_v from_o hence_o viz._n that_o many_o river_n do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n therefore_o we_o must_v say_v that_o refraction_n obstruct_v the_o observation_n of_o olearius_n and_o cause_v the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o appear_v high_a than_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v and_o peradventure_o the_o wave_n of_o the_o sea_n increase_v the_o cause_n and_o the_o mountain_n that_o he_o ascend_v be_v none_o of_o the_o high_a some_o discover_v the_o weakness_n of_o this_o argument_n bring_v this_o that_o the_o natural_a place_n of_o water_n be_v above_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o that_o it_o 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the_o mountain_n for_o so_o it_o will_v retain_v its_o saltness_n but_o by_o or_o through_o a_o continual_a progression_n of_o the_o watery_a particle_n or_o a_o creep_a in_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n to_o the_o place_n adjacent_a to_o the_o fountain_n where_o at_o length_n it_o be_v gather_v into_o drop_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o cavity_n and_o continual_a succession_n of_o the_o water_n and_o so_o cause_v a_o spring_n earth_n vein_n of_o water_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o this_o we_o find_v in_o the_o earth_n dig_v to_o a_o great_a depth_n that_o here_o and_o there_o drop_v of_o water_n do_v consist_v and_o be_v force_v by_o those_o that_o be_v nigh_o so_o that_o a_o little_a rivulet_n be_v make_v which_o be_v term_v vein_n of_o water_n many_o such_o rivulet_n if_o collect_v into_o one_o cavity_n make_v a_o fountain_n as_o those_o person_n well_o know_v that_o be_v skill_v in_o make_v of_o fountain_n or_o aquiduct_n or_o wells_n for_o in_o wells_n water_n be_v collect_v from_o many_o drop_n which_o meet_v together_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o well_o from_o the_o adjacent_a earth_n and_o those_o that_o make_v aquiduct_n bring_v the_o water_n by_o gutter_n and_o trench_n into_o one_o place_n so_o that_o the_o drop_n may_v fall_v from_o the_o high_a place_n into_o the_o cavity_n but_o if_o that_o you_o object_n that_o many_o fountain_n bubble_v up_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o stone_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o the_o watery_a particle_n shall_v so_o creep_v forward_o to_o that_o i_o answer_v that_o this_o confirm_v our_o opinion_n for_o those_o stone_n do_v not_o go_v through_o from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n at_o least_o in_o those_o mountain_n where_o the_o fountain_n be_v find_v but_o only_o occupy_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o a_o certain_a small_a profundity_n within_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v more_o soft_a or_o less_o stony_a or_o at_o least_o such_o as_o may_v receive_v and_o attract_v water_n therefore_o when_o by_o penetration_n it_o be_v come_v to_o the_o stony_a part_n because_o that_o it_o can_v penetrate_v no_o far_o there_o it_o stand_v and_o be_v collect_v into_o drop_n and_o make_v a_o spring_a fountain_n between_o the_o stony_a part_n to_o wit_n if_o that_o a_o passage_n be_v grant_v and_o that_o the_o mountain_n and_o rock_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o st._n helena_n and_o almost_o of_o all_o island_n be_v not_o within_o so_o rocky_a and_o hard_a be_v collect_v from_o hence_o that_o almost_o all_o those_o mountain_n have_v sometime_o burn_v or_o at_o the_o least_o smoke_v which_o be_v discover_v from_o the_o ash_n on_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o the_o brimstone_n or_o sulphur_n find_v in_o those_o place_n add_v moreover_o what_o we_o observe_v before_o that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o always_o there_o where_o it_o seemeh_a to_o be_v but_o flow_v from_o some_o high_a place_n through_o a_o 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the_o earth_n be_v there_o more_o full_a of_o metal_n and_o hard_a as_o experience_n testify_v but_o where_o it_o be_v not_o so_o hard_a there_o the_o water_n penetrate_v and_o therefore_o we_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o river_n or_o at_o least_o sweet_a or_o salt_n lake_n may_v be_v find_v beneath_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n within_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o centre_n where_o any_o such_o cavity_n be_v but_o because_o that_o there_o be_v few_o such_o cavity_n and_o that_o every_o where_o the_o earth_n be_v metallous_a and_o hard_o beneath_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n therefore_o it_o can_v continual_o imbibe_n water_n but_o when_o it_o be_v full_a it_o cease_v to_o imbibe_n any_o more_o neither_o do_v it_o receive_v more_o therefore_o than_o the_o water_n glide_v towards_o high_a place_n unto_o the_o motion_n
of_o which_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o mutation_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o sea_n avail_v much_o sometime_o in_o this_o and_o sometime_o in_o that_o part_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o flood_n wave_n or_o tempest_n for_o the_o water_n be_v make_v high_o more_o press_v the_o water_n and_o promote_v its_o ingress_n through_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o spring_n and_o see_v that_o every_o day_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v augment_v and_o diminish_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n not_o only_o by_o storm_n but_o also_o by_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n therefore_o such_o a_o pressure_n happen_v every_o day_n but_o i_o question_v whether_o this_o cause_n can_v effect_v much_o answer_v the_o three_o argument_n answer_v unto_o the_o three_o argument_n i_o say_v that_o the_o reason_n be_v the_o disposition_n of_o the_o place_n and_o of_o the_o earth_n itself_o and_o as_o i_o say_v that_o the_o humour_n be_v move_v and_o glide_v towards_o that_o part_n where_o the_o flux_n be_v make_v neither_o do_v i_o think_v it_o need_v any_o far_a explication_n answer_v the_o four_o argument_n answer_v the_o four_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o saltness_n have_v a_o more_o difficult_a solution_n because_o that_o it_o seem_v not_o possible_a that_o the_o saltness_n shall_v be_v take_v away_o only_o by_o transcolation_n for_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o water_n consist_v in_o a_o double_a salt_n which_o the_o aristotelian_o never_o observe_v the_o one_o of_o which_o the_o chemist_n apt_o call_v fix_v the_o other_o volatile_a salt_n and_o the_o fix_a salt_n may_v indeed_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o marine_a water_n as_o well_o by_o continual_a transcolation_n as_o by_o coction_n and_o distillation_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o volatile_a salt_n because_o it_o be_v spirituous_a be_v immediate_o advance_v with_o the_o water_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v separate_v by_o frequent_a and_o often_o repeat_v distillation_n therefore_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o give_v a_o mode_n by_o which_o this_o volatile_a salt_n spirit_n in_o its_o passage_n between_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o fountain_n may_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o sea_n water_n yet_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o these_o will_v suffice_v for_o the_o solution_n 1._o although_o we_o have_v not_o discover_v the_o mode_n and_o artifice_n by_o which_o this_o volatile_a salsitude_n may_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o sea_n water_n yet_o we_o must_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v separate_v for_o by_o nature_n we_o find_v it_o separate_v viz._n for_o fresh_a shower_n fall_v into_o the_o ocean_n which_o yet_o be_v generate_v of_o the_o vapour_n take_v up_o from_o the_o sea_n 2._o those_o particle_n of_o salt_n water_n penetrate_v the_o earth_n before_o they_o flow_v to_o their_o fountain_n be_v mix_v here_o and_o there_o with_o other_o water_n proceed_v there_o from_o rain_n or_o vapour_n and_o so_o that_o small_a saltitude_n that_o they_o yet_o have_v be_v render_v altogether_o insensible_a 3._o it_o be_v not_o true_a that_o the_o salsitude_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a in_o all_o spring_n because_o that_o some_o fountain_n be_v salt_n as_o we_o say_v before_o othersome_a brackish_a a_o little_a as_o those_o two_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n suez_n and_o in_o place_n less_o remote_a from_o the_o sea_n therefore_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o long_a transcolation_n and_o gentle_a evaporation_n to_o separate_v the_o water_n from_o the_o volatile_a salt_n and_o by_o this_o artifice_n we_o make_v sea_n water_v less_o salt_n and_o such_o also_o be_v the_o generation_n of_o rain_n water_n which_o therefore_o be_v not_o salt_n or_o at_o least_o less_o salt_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o sometime_o saltish_a kind_n of_o rain_n do_v fall_v into_o the_o sea_n therefore_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n proceed_v partly_o from_o the_o sea_n or_o subterranean_a water_n partly_o from_o river_n and_o dew_n that_o moisten_v the_o earth_n but_o the_o water_n of_o river_n partly_o proceed_v from_o spring_n and_o partly_o from_o rain_n and_o snow_n proposition_n vi_o certain_a river_n hide_v themselves_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o passage_n under_o the_o earth_n and_o in_o another_o place_n rise_v up_o again_o as_o if_o they_o be_v new_a river_n again_o of_o river_n which_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o passage_n hide_v themselves_o under_o the_o earth_n and_o rise_v again_o the_o most_o celebrate_a of_o they_o be_v 1._o the_o river_n niger_n which_o meet_v the_o mountain_n of_o nubia_n be_v observe_v under_o they_o and_o come_v forth_o again_o from_o the_o other_o occidental_a quarter_n 2._o tigris_n have_v pass_v the_o lake_n arethusa_n meet_v the_o mountain_n taurus_n be_v hide_v in_o a_o cave_n and_o flow_v out_o on_o the_o other_o side_n then_o when_o it_o have_v pass_v the_o lake_n thospite_v it_o be_v again_o obscure_v in_o subterranean_a cavern_n and_o then_o after_o it_o have_v thus_o run_v the_o space_n of_o about_o six_o german_a mile_n it_o break_v forth_o again_o 3._o about_o arcadia_n in_o peloponnesus_n many_o such_o riveret_n be_v to_o be_v find_v as_o aristotle_n write_v in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o meteor_n chapter_n eleven_o 4._o alpheus_n a_o river_n of_o achaia_n be_v absorb_v by_o the_o earth_n the_o grecian_n write_v that_o it_o keep_v its_o course_n under_o the_o sea_n and_o beneath_o the_o earth_n even_o unto_o sicilia_n where_o they_o will_v have_v it_o to_o emerge_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o syracuse_n and_o to_o be_v that_o river_n that_o be_v call_v arethusa_n in_o sicilia_n now_o this_o they_o especial_o collect_v from_o this_o viz._n that_o arethusa_n in_o sicilia_n every_o five_o summer_n cast_v up_o the_o dung_n of_o those_o beast_n at_o that_o time_n when_o the_o olympian_a game_n be_v celebrate_v and_o the_o dung_n and_o garbage_n of_o the_o slay_a victim_n be_v cast_v into_o alpheus_n therefore_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o direct_a current_n they_o be_v cast_v up_o in_o sicilia_n 5._o the_o river_n guadiana_n between_o portugal_n and_o biscay_n in_o time_n past_o call_v anas_n whole_o obscure_v itself_o at_o medelina_n and_o about_o 8_o german_a mile_n further_a discover_v itself_o again_o 6._o dan_o which_o flow_v with_o the_o river_n jor_n make_v jordan_n break_v forth_o some_o mile_n from_o its_o fountain_n phiala_n straw_n or_o rush_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o same_o be_v find_v and_o discover_v in_o the_o fountain_n or_o proruption_n of_o the_o river_n dan._n the_o reason_n why_o these_o river_n hide_v themselves_o under_o the_o earth_n and_o again_o emerge_n be_v 1._o the_o obstacle_n of_o a_o more_o elevate_a place_n than_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n 2._o either_o perchance_o some_o cavity_n exist_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o some_o inconstant_a matter_n which_o easy_o give_v place_n to_o the_o glide_a river_n there_o be_v also_o other_o river_n which_o hide_v themselves_o under_o the_o earth_n but_o do_v not_o again_o emerge_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n vii_o most_o of_o the_o great_a and_o indifferent_a river_n as_o also_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o lesser_a do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o a_o lake_n and_o the_o place_n where_o this_o exoneration_n be_v make_v be_v term_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n some_o river_n have_v one_o some_o three_o and_o some_o more_o such_o mouth_n some_o of_o the_o river_n of_o indifferent_a magnitude_n as_o also_o the_o lesser_a sort_n discharge_v themselves_o into_o great_a river_n the_o other_o either_o stagnate_n or_o be_v suck_v up_o by_o the_o earth_n lake_n most_o river_n both_o great_a and_o small_a lose_v themselves_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o lake_n concern_v the_o great_a river_n the_o thing_n be_v evident_a by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o rhine_n the_o danube_n the_o wolga_n and_o such_o like_a for_o the_o danube_n be_v exonerate_v into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n by_o seven_o mouth_n the_o wolga_n have_v at_o least_o seventy_o outlet_n or_o mouth_n the_o nile_n have_v seven_o and_o where_o it_o overflow_v more_o the_o cause_n why_o great_a river_n do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n be_v their_o abundance_n of_o water_n and_o vehement_a course_n now_o why_o they_o have_v more_o outlet_n than_o one_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a reason_n for_o the_o same_o 1._o the_o abundance_n of_o water_n 2._o the_o generation_n of_o sand_n and_o ridge_n in_o the_o mouth_n which_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n be_v so_o augment_v that_o they_o become_v either_o part_n of_o the_o land_n or_o island_n and_o so_o cause_n that_o the_o river_n glide_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o branch_n and_o when_o many_o such_o ridge_n be_v generate_v the_o river_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o branch_n or_o one_o mouth_n into_o many_o but_o then_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o mouth_n be_v carry_v forward_o and_o the_o sea_n recede_v from_o
great_a than_o that_o which_o enter_v in_o for_o if_o it_o be_v lesser_a or_o no_o great_a i_o think_v we_o ought_v not_o to_o question_v whether_o that_o which_o go_v forth_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o which_o come_v in_o other_o note_n or_o sign_n be_v in_o some_o as_o the_o rhodanus_n enter_v the_o lake_n lemanus_n and_o again_o go_v forth_o and_o yet_o cause_v not_o that_o lake_n which_o be_v discover_v beside_o other_o token_n from_o the_o colour_n which_o this_o river_n bear_v contrary_a to_o the_o lake_n neither_o do_v the_o rhine_n cause_n any_o lake_n but_o be_v produce_v and_o conserve_v from_o water_n bubble_v under_o the_o earth_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o propose_v these_o as_o undoubted_a proposition_n xvii_o most_o river_n be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o broad_a by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v near_o to_o their_o mouth_n or_o remove_v from_o their_o spring_n and_o great_a be_v their_o latitude_n in_o their_o mouth_n or_o outlet_n spring_n the_o mouth_n of_o river_n broad_a than_o at_o their_o spring_n the_o cause_n be_v 1._o because_o other_o river_n enter_v into_o that_o which_o exonerate_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v augment_v 2._o because_o the_o channel_n be_v less_o depress_v in_o the_o part_n near_o the_o mouth_n 3._o because_o that_o the_o water_n be_v force_v back_o by_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o mouth_n to_o the_o fountain_n which_o violence_n be_v only_o discover_v in_o the_o part_n near_o to_o the_o mouth_n not_o in_o those_o remote_a and_o near_o the_o fountain_n 4._o the_o sea_n itself_o when_o such_o a_o wind_n blow_v enter_v the_o mouth_n and_o render_v it_o more_o large_a and_o broad_a by_o vehement_a agitation_n and_o by_o so_o much_o the_o outlet_n be_v large_a and_o broad_a in_o great_a river_n by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v the_o few_o great_a be_v the_o mouth_n or_o outlet_n of_o the_o river_n maragnon_n in_o brazilia_n of_o st._n laurence_n in_o canada_n of_o the_o zaire_n in_o africa_n of_o rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plate_n in_o brazilia_n for_o this_o river_n be_v carry_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o a_o outlet_a of_o 40_o mile_n as_o some_o have_v observe_v or_o as_o other_o of_o 20_o mile_n only_o and_o i_o suppose_v those_o that_o write_v of_o 40_o mile_n comprehend_v the_o other_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n together_o those_o who_o have_v be_v in_o congo_n relate_v that_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o zaire_n be_v 28_o mile_n and_o these_o river_n send_v forth_o such_o a_o large_a quantity_n of_o water_n overcome_v and_o obscure_v both_o the_o salt_n taste_v of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n towards_o the_o shore_n and_o that_o unto_o 10_o or_o 12_o mile_n in_o the_o sea_n proposition_n xviii_o the_o water_n of_o rivers_n carry_v with_o it_o many_o particle_n of_o various_a metal_n mineral_n sand_n of_o oily_a or_o fat_a body_n they_o river_n in_o their_o course_n carry_v various_a thing_n with_o they_o some_o river_n carry_v gold_n that_o be_v sand_n mix_v with_o some_o grain_n of_o gold_n and_o such_o be_v 1._o some_o in_o japan_n 2._o in_o the_o island_n of_o lequeo_fw-la not_o far_o from_o japan_n 3._o a_o riveret_n call_v arroe_n in_o africa_n which_o spring_v in_o monomotapa_n from_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o which_o mountain_n there_o be_v golden_a mine_n and_o it_o flow_v into_o magnice_n a_o river_n in_o soffalae_n 4._o in_o guiney_n where_o the_o negro_n separate_v these_o grain_n from_o the_o sand_n and_o sell_v it_o or_o exchange_v it_o with_o the_o european_n for_o toy_n or_o slight_a commodity_n 5._o in_o the_o riveret_n about_o mexico_n grain_n of_o gold_n be_v also_o gather_v up_o especial_o after_o shower_n of_o rain_n which_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o all_o these_o riveret_n for_o except_v in_o the_o time_n of_o shower_n scarce_o any_o or_o very_o little_a be_v find_v 6._o in_o peru._n 7._o in_o sumatra_n 8._o in_o cuba_n 9_o in_o hispaniola_n and_o other_o adjacent_a isle_n 10._o in_o guiana_n a_o province_n in_o america_n 11._o in_o the_o river_n of_o caribana_n great_a grain_n be_v find_v after_o shower_n 12._o many_o riveret_n and_o spring_n be_v find_v in_o the_o region_n about_o the_o alps_n in_o germany_n especial_o in_o the_o province_n of_o tirol_n from_o the_o water_n of_o which_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v extract_v although_o nothing_o of_o grain_n be_v conspicuous_a in_o they_o because_o they_o carry_v very_o small_a particle_n or_o atom_n the_o rhine_n also_o carry_v golden_a clay_n in_o many_o place_n as_o also_o the_o abbis_n in_o time_n past_o the_o river_n tagus_n be_v famous_a for_o roll_a down_o sand-gold_n but_o at_o this_o day_n no_o such_o be_v find_v in_o it_o neither_o do_v i_o remember_v that_o any_o river_n in_o europe_n be_v celebrate_v for_o such_o riches_n also_o in_o hassia_n at_o this_o time_n a_o small_a river_n be_v report_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o sand_n of_o which_o be_v grain_n of_o gold_n but_o i_o have_v read_v no_o author_n worthy_a of_o credit_n concern_v it_o no_o silver_n rivers_n or_o riveret_n be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o writer_n yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o there_o as_o many_o or_o more_o riveret_n which_o carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n but_o because_o they_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o discover_v from_o the_o sand_n and_o no_o great_a gain_n can_v be_v obtain_v therefore_o it_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v observe_v by_o any_o the_o same_o be_v also_o the_o cause_n why_o we_o meet_v with_o no_o mention_n of_o those_o riveret_n that_o carry_v grain_n of_o iron_n copper_n tin_n except_o of_o very_a few_o of_o which_o questionless_a there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n the_o admirable_a effect_n of_o which_o be_v discover_v man_n admire_v and_o be_v amaze_v and_o vulgar_a philosopher_n fly_v to_o a_o occult_a quality_n let_v we_o only_o cast_v a_o eye_n on_o that_o river_n in_o upper_a germany_n germany_n a_o strange_a river_n in_o germany_n which_o change_v iron_n into_o copper_n as_o the_o vulgar_a think_v so_o that_o if_o you_o hang_v a_o iron_n shoe_n in_o it_o you_o will_v draw_v it_o out_o copper_n but_o the_o iron_n be_v not_o change_v into_o copper_n as_o be_v vulgar_o suppose_v but_o the_o grain_n and_o particle_n of_o copper_n and_o vitriol_n that_o be_v in_o this_o river_n corrode_v the_o iron_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o iron_n be_v remove_v those_o of_o the_o copper_n succeed_v in_o their_o place_n this_o the_o modern_a physician_n that_o be_v skilful_a in_o chemistry_n have_v learn_v by_o another_o experiment_n much_o less_o be_v the_o riveret_n that_o be_v impregnate_v with_o many_o particle_n of_o kind_n of_o earth_n and_o salt_n observe_v but_o we_o shall_v explain_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n the_o mineral_n and_o metallick_n spring_v from_o this_o admixture_n of_o various_a particle_n proceed_v the_o great_a diversity_n of_o water_n in_o river_n and_o wells_n the_o water_n of_o some_o if_o that_o you_o use_v it_o to_o boil_v meat_n make_v it_o black_a which_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o it_o be_v impregnate_v with_o iron_n neither_o be_v pease_n so_o easy_o soften_v as_o when_o they_o be_v boil_a in_o other_o water_n which_o be_v somewhat_o more_o fat_a of_o divers_a water_n the_o same_o or_o like_a beer_n can_v be_v make_v now_o the_o albis_n be_v of_o the_o number_n of_o these_o fat_a one_o as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o variety_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v from_o the_o variety_n of_o the_o land_n through_o which_o the_o river_n rune_v which_o be_v either_o stony_a gravelly_a or_o metallic_v and_o experience_n testify_v that_o river_n who_o water_n be_v fat_a do_v run_v through_o clayie_a land_n so_o all_o the_o place_n that_o adjoyn_v to_o the_o albis_n be_v fruitful_a proposition_n xix_o the_o water_n of_o most_o river_n differ_v in_o colour_n gravity_n and_o other_o quality_n quality_n the_o water_n of_o most_o river_n be_v of_o different_a quality_n for_o some_o water_n be_v black_a some_o incline_n to_o black_a some_o incline_n to_o red_a some_z to_z white_z and_o this_o diversity_n of_o they_o be_v chief_o note_v when_o that_o two_o river_n do_v meet_v for_o we_o may_v discover_v for_o many_o mile_n those_o water_n where_o now_o they_o exist_v in_o the_o same_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n from_o whence_o also_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o differ_v in_o gravity_n when_o that_o one_o rather_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o channel_n than_o the_o other_o although_o this_o be_v make_v more_o manifest_a by_o the_o examination_n by_o weight_n the_o water_n of_o the_o ganges_n be_v account_v the_o most_o wholesome_a and_o the_o most_o light_a and_o
fruitful_a by_o its_o fat_a water_n proposition_n xxi_o to_o explain_v how_o spring_n or_o fountain_n break_v forth_o fountain_n of_o the_o break_n forth_o of_o spring_n and_o fountain_n in_o the_o four_o proposition_n we_o have_v show_v whence_o the_o water_n arise_v that_o flow_v from_o fountain_n now_o here_o we_o demand_v by_o what_o force_n that_o water_n collect_v in_o the_o earth_n be_v thrust_v forth_o see_v that_o it_o seem_v not_o possible_a to_o be_v do_v without_o a_o violent_a remove_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o cause_n be_v various_a which_o make_v way_n for_o a_o spring_n in_o any_o place_n 1._o if_o that_o in_o any_o place_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a cavity_n the_o water_n distil_v into_o that_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o cause_n when_o that_o by_o creep_v it_o come_v into_o it_o and_o then_o in_o course_n of_o time_n make_v great_a passage_n for_o itself_o until_o that_o cavity_n be_v fill_v it_o flow_v out_o and_o make_v a_o river_n the_o same_o also_o happen_v without_o a_o cavity_n if_o that_o the_o spring_n be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o mountain_n also_o for_o this_o reason_n frequent_a spring_n be_v find_v in_o wood_n and_o shady_a place_n for_o the_o rain-water_n moisten_v the_o earth_n and_o because_o it_o be_v not_o extract_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o a_o open_a and_o free_a air_n by_o degree_n it_o allure_v to_o itself_o the_o hide_a water_n of_o a_o future_a fountain_n 2._o a_o way_n be_v prepare_v and_o the_o earth_n remove_v by_o the_o spirit_n which_o be_v admix_v with_o the_o water_n yet_o in_o the_o earth_n also_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n by_o which_o it_o require_v the_o large_a place_n for_o the_o water_n whilst_o that_o yet_o they_o be_v hide_v within_o the_o earth_n carry_v many_o spirit_n also_o subterranean_a fire_n add_v not_o a_o little_a to_o this_o 3._o oftentimes_o fountain_n be_v bring_v to_o light_n by_o shower_n for_o shower_n do_v render_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n more_o ample_a and_o large_a when_o that_o they_o conjoin_v with_o the_o water_n of_o the_o hide_a fountain_n and_o so_o this_o follow_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o mutual_a conjunction_n and_o coherency_n 4._o sometime_o spring_n be_v open_v by_o a_o earthquake_n so_o a_o earthquake_n send_v forth_o the_o river_n ladon_n 5._o sometime_o they_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n by_o dig_v the_o earth_n 6._o many_o fountain_n have_v be_v discover_v by_o animal_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o dig_v up_o the_o earth_n with_o their_o snout_n so_o a_o hog_n first_o discover_v the_o first_o salt_n spring_n in_o lunenburgh_n for_o when_o he_o have_v root_v up_o the_o earth_n and_o make_v a_o gutter_n the_o water_n spout_v out_o which_o fill_v the_o gutter_n the_o hog_n according_a to_o their_o custom_n lay_v down_o in_o it_o then_o when_o he_o arise_v and_o that_o his_o back_n be_v dry_a some_o discover_v a_o very_a white_a colour_n on_o he_o which_o when_o they_o have_v more_o accurate_o contemplate_v they_o find_v it_o to_o be_v white_a salt_n then_o they_o go_v to_o the_o spring_n and_o from_o thence_o forward_o many_o more_o be_v seek_v and_o find_v out_o from_o which_o the_o city_n obtain_v almost_o â—ll_o its_o riches_n and_o splendour_n and_o in_o memorial_n thereof_o the_o hog_n be_v quarter_v and_o smoak-dried_n and_o be_v keep_v at_o this_o very_a day_n in_o the_o palace_n of_o lunenburgh_n to_o be_v see_v proposition_n xxii_o a_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o earth_n to_o inquire_v whether_o a_o spring_n or_o well_o may_v be_v make_v in_o it_o see_v vitruvius_n in_o the_o eight_o book_n of_o his_o architecture_n 1._o see_v vitruvius_n lib._n 8._o cap._n 1._o chap._n 1._o at_o this_o day_n we_o perform_v the_o same_o by_o dig_v up_o the_o earth_n oftentimes_o to_o a_o great_a depth_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n vein_n or_o head_n of_o spring_n or_o well_n or_o the_o well_n and_o spring_n themselves_o be_v find_v proposition_n xxiii_o a_o place_n be_v give_v to_o make_v a_o spring_n or_o well_o in_o it_o if_o that_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o be_v make_v we_o will_v allege_v the_o word_n of_o vitruvius_n as_o be_v a_o man_n excellent_o skill_v in_o these_o affair_n 7._o see_v vitruvius_n cap._n 7._o see_v that_o we_o never_o use_v ourselves_o to_o this_o kind_n of_o exercise_n in_o his_o seven_o chapter_n thus_o he_o speak_v reason_n must_v not_o be_v contemn_v in_o dig_v of_o well_n but_o the_o natural_a reason_n of_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v with_o sharpness_n of_o wit_n and_o great_a prudence_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o earth_n have_v many_o and_o various_a thing_n within_o it_o for_o it_o be_v compound_v as_o other_o thing_n of_o four_o principle_n and_o the_o first_o be_v terrene_a and_o have_v from_o the_o humidity_n of_o the_o water_n fountain_n also_o heat_n whence_o proceed_v sulphur_n alom_n bitumen_n and_o gross_a spirit_n of_o air_n which_o be_v thick_a when_o by_o the_o fistulous_a intervening_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o well_o be_v dug_n and_o find_v man_n dig_v by_o their_o natural_a vapour_n they_o stop_v up_o the_o animal_n spirit_n of_o those_o that_o work_n at_o their_o nostril_n so_o that_o those_o that_o fly_v not_o quick_o away_o be_v there_o choke_v now_o to_o avoid_v this_o we_o must_v thus_o act_v let_v a_o candle_n be_v light_v and_o let_v down_o and_o if_o that_o it_o continue_v burn_v you_o may_v descend_v without_o danger_n but_o if_o that_o the_o light_n be_v extinguish_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o vapour_n then_o let_v aestuary_n be_v dug_n on_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n near_o the_o wâ—ll_n so_o as_o by_o the_o nostril_n the_o spirit_n will_v be_v dissipate_v when_o those_o be_v so_o explicate_v and_o that_o you_o be_v come_v to_o the_o water_n let_v the_o structure_n be_v so_o sence_v that_o the_o vein_n be_v not_o stop_v but_o if_o that_o the_o place_n shall_v prove_v hard_a or_o that_o the_o vein_n shall_v not_o be_v altogether_o at_o the_o bottom_n than_o assistance_n must_v be_v take_v from_o the_o cover_n of_o plaster-work_n now_o this_o must_v be_v observe_v in_o plaster-work_n that_o the_o rough_a and_o pure_a sand_n be_v get_v that_o the_o cement_n be_v break_v with_o a_o flint_n that_o the_o most_o vehement_a chalk_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o mortar_n so_o that_o five_o part_n of_o sand_n answer_v to_o two_o of_o chalk_n or_o lime_n let_v the_o cement_n be_v add_v to_o the_o mortar_n of_o it_o let_v the_o wall_n in_o the_o depress_a trench_n unto_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o future_a altitude_n be_v spage_v the_o bar_n be_v make_v of_o iron_n the_o wall_n be_v plaster_v let_v that_o which_o be_v earthy_a in_o the_o midst_n be_v evacuate_v to_o the_o low_a measure_n or_o libration_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o bottom_n be_v level_v let_v the_o pavement_n be_v plaster_v with_o the_o same_o mortar_n unto_o the_o thickness_n that_o be_v appoint_v now_o these_o place_n if_o they_o shall_v be_v make_v double_a or_o treble_a that_o they_o may_v be_v transmutate_v by_o the_o percolation_n of_o the_o water_n will_v make_v the_o use_n of_o it_o far_o more_o wholesome_a for_o the_o mud_n when_o that_o it_o have_v find_v a_o place_n to_o sink_v in_o the_o water_n become_v more_o clear_a and_o will_v keep_v its_o taste_n without_o any_o scent_n if_o not_o you_o must_v of_o necessity_n add_v salt_n and_o extenuate_v it_o proposition_n xxiv_o to_o prove_v whether_o the_o water_n of_o a_o spring_n be_v wholesome_a not_o of_o spring-water_n whether_o it_o be_v wholesome_a or_o not_o concern_v this_o vitruvius_n thus_o write_v their_o probation_n must_v be_v thus_o look_v after_o if_o that_o they_o flow_v and_o be_v open_a before_o that_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v draw_v look_v on_o they_o and_o observe_v of_o what_o membrature_n they_o be_v what_o inhabitant_n dwell_v about_o those_o fountain_n whether_o they_o be_v of_o strong_a body_n of_o good_a colour_n not_o lame_a blear_a or_o sore-eyed_n if_o so_o the_o water_n be_v very_o excellent_a also_o if_o that_o a_o new_a spring_n be_v dug_n and_o the_o water_n be_v put_v into_o a_o corinthian_a vessel_n or_o any_o other_o kind_n make_v of_o brass_n and_o if_o it_o cause_v no_o stain_n it_o be_v then_o most_o excellent_a water_n also_o if_o that_o that_o water_n be_v heat_v and_o afterward_o settle_v and_o pour_v forth_o and_o that_o no_o sand_n or_o mud_n be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n that_o water_n be_v also_o very_o good_a also_o if_o that_o root_n put_v in_o that_o water_n be_v quick_o boil_v they_o show_v the_o water_n to_o be_v good_a and_o wholesome_a also_o that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o fountain_n be_v clear_a
and_o pellucid_a if_o that_o no_o moss_n or_o reed_n grow_v about_o it_o or_o if_o that_o the_o place_n be_v not_o defile_v with_o any_o filth_n but_o a_o pure_a show_n these_o sign_n show_v it_o to_o be_v tenuous_a and_o very_a wholesome_a proposition_n xxv_o a_o place_n be_v give_v to_o make_v a_o apparent_a fountain_n in_o it_o if_o that_o it_o be_v possible_a v._n see_v proposition_n v._n that_o be_v term_v a_o apparent_a spring_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o the_o proposition_n where_o the_o water_n spout_v out_o be_v send_v from_o a_o more_o high_a place_n through_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n now_o such_o a_o spring_n may_v be_v make_v if_o that_o any_o lake_n river_n or_o fountain_n be_v in_o the_o adjacent_a land_n viz._n a_o pipe_n or_o channel_n must_v be_v make_v under_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o give_v place_n to_o the_o adjacent_a lake_n or_o river_n through_o which_o the_o water_n may_v flow_v to_o the_o give_v place_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n xxvi_o to_o bring_v a_o river_n from_o a_o give_v fountain_n or_o river_n to_o the_o place_n give_v if_o that_o the_o fountain_n or_o river_n give_v be_v high_a than_o the_o place_n give_v the_o work_n will_v be_v easy_a now_o this_o be_v find_v out_o by_o geodetical_a or_o survey_a instrument_n and_o the_o operation_n itself_o be_v term_v or_o say_v to_o wash_v the_o place_n for_o the_o lead_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o fountain_n and_o the_o place_n give_v be_v term_v the_o libramentum_fw-la of_o the_o river_n to_o be_v lead_v therefore_o a_o channel_n must_v be_v dug_n from_o the_o fountain_n or_o river_n unto_o the_o place_n give_v the_o librament_n of_o which_o must_v be_v great_a or_o lesser_a as_o we_o will_v have_v the_o river_n to_o be_v swift_a or_o slow_a for_o the_o problem_n be_v undeterminate_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o aqueduct_n that_o the_o celerity_n of_o the_o flux_n may_v be_v moderate_a it_o be_v thus_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o channel_n of_o two_o hundred_o foot_n the_o depression_n be_v no_o less_o than_o half_a a_o foot_n for_o otherwise_o the_o water_n will_v not_o flow_v or_o else_o it_o will_v overflow_v vitruvius_n in_o one_o hundred_o foot_n require_v no_o less_o depression_n than_o half_a a_o foot_n neither_o ought_v it_o to_o be_v great_a than_o a_o whole_a foot_n or_o at_o most_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a otherwise_o it_o will_v flow_v with_o a_o over_o violent_a and_o quick_a course_n but_o if_o that_o the_o fountain_n be_v not_o high_o in_o the_o give_v place_n there_o will_v be_v need_n of_o instrument_n concern_v which_o you_o must_v consult_v mechanic_n as_o also_o concern_v many_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o this_o affair_n by_o this_o problem_n also_o be_v make_v a_o conjunction_n of_o two_o river_n when_o that_o a_o channel_n be_v draw_v from_o one_o river_n into_o another_o that_o a_o navigation_n may_v be_v make_v from_o one_o into_o another_o as_o from_o duina_n into_o the_o next_o river_n from_o tanais_n into_o wolga_n from_o the_o river_n flamus_n in_o china_n into_o nanchina_n proposition_n xxvii_o some_o river_n be_v note_v and_o famous_a for_o long_a tract_n some_o for_o latitude_n some_o for_o quickness_n of_o course_n some_o for_o the_o peculiar_a property_n of_o the_o water_n that_o they_o carry_v some_o for_o one_o or_o two_o of_o these_o cause_n occasion_n river_n be_v note_v for_o several_a occasion_n the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n need_v no_o probation_n i_o will_v only_o reckon_v up_o here_o those_o river_n which_o be_v the_o big_a of_o all_o viz._n those_o of_o a_o long_a tract_n which_o also_o be_v famous_a for_o latitude_n such_o only_o be_v sixteen_o in_o the_o whole_a earth_n as_o yet_o know_v viz._n the_o nile_n ob_fw-la jeniscea_n orellana_n rio_n del_fw-it plata_fw-la parana_n maragnon_n omarranna_n ganges_n danube_n canada_n or_o st._n laurence_n niger_n nubia_n wolga_n jansu_n and_o flavus_n after_o those_o these_o follow_a be_v famous_a for_o the_o breadth_n of_o their_o channel_n but_o not_o for_o the_o length_n of_o their_o course_n and_o which_o be_v about_o twenty_o in_o number_n viz._n the_o indus_n zaire_n cuama_n the_o river_n from_o the_o lake_n chiamay_n euphrates_n tanais_n petzora_n pesida_n tabat_fw-la yrtiis_fw-la santa_fw-it esprit_fw-fr amana_n magdalen_n julian_n st._n jaques_n rhine_n albis_n mosa_n borysthenes_n and_o totouteack_n we_o shall_v only_o here_o contemplate_v the_o course_n of_o the_o ten_o great_a river_n leave_v the_o more_o accurate_a explication_n of_o they_o and_o the_o other_o river_n to_o special_a geography_n nile_n the_o river_n nile_n 1._o nilus_n niger_n ganges_n run_v almost_o a_o strait_a course_n the_o rest_n have_v many_o and_o those_o vast_a curvature_n the_o spring_n of_o the_o nile_n be_v place_v in_o the_o lake_n zaire_n in_o the_o south_n latitude_n of_o 10_o degree_n its_o mouth_n canobus_n be_v in_o the_o north_n latitude_n of_o 31_o degree_n it_o flow_v from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o north_n in_o some_o place_n it_o send_v forth_o itself_o in_o a_o broad_a space_n in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v very_o narrow_a it_o have_v two_o cataract_n its_o tract_n or_o longitude_n be_v about_o 630_o german_a mile_n or_o 2520_o italian_a mile_n for_o which_o may_v be_v set_v down_o 3000_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o wind_n it_o overflow_v every_o year_n as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o treat_v of_o niger_n the_o river_n niger_n 2._o niger_n a_o river_n in_o africa_n who_o fountain_n or_o spring_n be_v in_o the_o 11_o degree_n of_o north_n latitude_n from_o the_o lake_n some_o write_v that_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o nile_n by_o a_o subterranean_a passage_n the_o sign_n of_o it_o be_v that_o it_o overflow_v every_o year_n at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o the_o nile_n do_v one_o of_o its_o mouth_n be_v in_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o latitude_n in_o which_o the_o spring_n be_v but_o it_o be_v more_o remove_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la than_o 15_o degree_n of_o latitude_n it_o flow_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n in_o some_o place_n it_o hide_v itself_o under_o the_o earth_n and_o again_o emerge_v it_o be_v tract_n be_v about_o 600_o german_a mile_n but_o it_o will_v be_v lesser_a if_o that_o you_o whole_o neglect_v its_o great_a and_o note_a bend_n and_o large_a if_o that_o all_o shall_v be_v reckon_v ganges_n the_o river_n ganges_n 3._o ganges_n in_o asia_n it_o be_v most_o remote_a fountain_n be_v place_v in_o the_o north_n latitude_n of_o 43_o degree_n in_o tartary_n but_o some_o bring_v it_o back_o to_o 33_o degree_n its_o mouth_n be_v in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 22_o degree_n it_o flow_v from_o north_n to_o south_n it_o be_v course_n be_v about_o 300_o german_a mile_n it_o overflow_v every_o year_n oâ—_n the_o river_n oâ—_n 4._o ob_fw-la also_o in_o asia_n very_o great_a and_o every_o where_o broad_a its_o spring_n be_v place_v in_o the_o 48_o degree_n of_o north_n latitude_n in_o the_o mountain_n of_o tartary_n near_o the_o stone-tower_n it_o be_v mouth_n be_v in_o the_o 69_o degree_n of_o latitude_n its_o tract_n be_v about_o 400_o german_a mile_n omit_v its_o wind_n it_o divaricate_v itself_o into_o two_o arm_n in_o siberia_n or_o rather_o send_v forth_o a_o branch_n from_o its_o self_n which_o have_v finish_v a_o crooked_a passage_n return_v into_o its_o self_n and_o so_o form_v a_o island_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o city_n build_v by_o the_o moscovite_n and_o siberian_o call_v jorgoet_n jeniscea_n the_o river_n jeniscea_n 5._o jeniscea_n another_o river_n in_o asia_n heretofore_o unknown_a to_o geographer_n but_o observe_v by_o the_o moscovite_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v great_a than_o the_o ob_fw-la from_o which_o it_o be_v distant_a ten_o week_n voyage_n towards_o tartary_n at_o the_o oriental_a shore_n of_o which_o a_o ridge_n of_o mountain_n be_v extend_v in_o a_o long_a tract_n on_o the_o occidental_a shore_n inhabit_v a_o people_n call_v tingaesi_fw-la every_o year_n in_o the_o spring_n it_o overflow_v the_o space_n of_o 70_o mile_n towards_o the_o western_a land_n at_o which_o time_n the_o tingaesi_fw-la betake_v themselves_o with_o their_o cattle_n and_o householdstuff_n into_o the_o mountain_n on_o the_o eastern_a shore_n it_o be_v fountain_n and_o outlet_n be_v unknown_a its_o tract_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v no_o lesser_a than_o that_o of_o the_o ob._n pesida_n the_o river_n pesida_n 6._o pesida_n remove_v some_o day_n journey_n towards_o the_o east_n from_o jeniscea_n its_o oriental_a shore_n be_v think_v to_o touch_v on_o china_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cathay_n its_o fountain_n and_o outlet_n be_v unknown_a it_o be_v none_o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o great_a river_n but_o i_o have_v brief_o
touch_v on_o it_o because_o that_o no_o geographer_n have_v hitherto_o make_v mention_n of_o it_o as_o also_o of_o the_o river_n jeniscea_n and_o yrtiis_fw-la orellana_n the_o river_n orellana_n 7._o orellana_n in_o america_n so_o call_v from_o francis_n orelli_n be_v account_v among_o the_o great_a river_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v fountain_n be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o peru_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quito_n in_o the_o south_n latitude_n of_o 72_o degree_n but_o this_o be_v not_o altogether_o certain_a its_o mouth_n be_v fifteen_o mile_n in_o latitude_n two_o degree_n southerly_a it_o be_v tract_n be_v say_v to_o be_v 1500_o spanish_a mile_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o great_a number_n of_o bend_n when_o that_o in_o truth_n it_o extend_v not_o 700._o other_o confound_v with_o it_o or_o make_v the_o river_n maragnon_n to_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o it_o it_o be_v in_o some_o place_n four_o or_o five_o league_n broad_a but_o it_o receive_v not_o its_o water_n so_o much_o from_o a_o spring_n as_o from_o rains_n fall_v on_o the_o mountainous_a part_n of_o peru_n so_o that_o in_o the_o dry_a mouth_n of_o those_o mountain_n it_o carry_v little_a water_n and_o indeed_o the_o modern_n do_v much_o detract_v from_o its_o magnitude_n plata_fw-la rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la 8._o rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la in_o brasilia_n its_o fountain_n be_v in_o the_o mountain_n of_o peru_n its_o mouth_n be_v in_o the_o south_n latitude_n of_o 37_o degree_n and_o that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v about_o twenty_o mile_n but_o when_o it_o overflow_v it_o have_v many_o outlet_n which_o some_o account_n for_o one_o at_o that_o time_n it_o carry_v not_o much_o water_n the_o native_n call_v it_o paramaguasu_n that_o be_v a_o water_n like_o the_o sea_n as_o some_o observe_v omaranna_n the_o river_n omaranna_n 9_o omaranna_n also_o a_o river_n in_o brasilia_n flow_v from_o the_o mountain_n of_o peru_n in_o a_o long_a tract_n these_o three_o great_a river_n in_o brasilia_n viz._n orellana_n rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la and_o omoranna_n meet_v somewhere_o in_o some_o lake_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n of_o brasilia_n and_o emorge_v again_o be_v disjoin_v canada_n the_o river_n canada_n 10._o and_o last_o canada_n or_o st._n laurence_n in_o america_n septentrionalis_n its_o spring_n be_v in_o the_o lake_n call_v des_fw-fr iroquis_fw-la it_o be_v large_a mouth_n be_v in_o the_o 50th_o degree_n of_o north_n latitude_n and_o its_o tract_n be_v no_o lesser_a than_o 600_o german_a mile_n proposition_n xxviii_o whirlpool_n be_v find_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o some_o river_n so_o in_o the_o river_n sommona_n between_o amiens_n and_o abbeville_n in_o picardy_n in_o france_n be_v a_o secret_a whirlpool_n into_o which_o the_o water_n rush_v with_o such_o violence_n that_o their_o sound_n may_v be_v hear_v for_o some_o mile_n proposition_n xxix_o riverwater_n be_v more_o light_a than_o sea-water_n riverwater_n sea-water_n more_o heavy_a than_o riverwater_n the_o cause_n be_v easy_o know_v to_o wit_n sea-water_n carry_v much_o salt_n in_o it_o thence_o it_o happen_v that_o many_o thing_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n in_o rivers_n which_o float_v on_o the_o sea_n which_o frequent_o be_v see_v in_o ship_n heavy_a lade_v that_o be_v raise_v up_o in_o the_o sea_n high_o than_o when_o in_o rivers_n now_o various_a be_v the_o proportion_n betwixt_o these_o water_n because_o that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v not_o every_o where_n of_o the_o same_o gravity_n nor_o the_o water_n of_o divers_a river_n but_o yet_o the_o proportion_n be_v about_o 46_o to_o 45_o so_o that_o 46_o ounce_n of_o riverwater_n do_v equal_o ponderate_v 45_o of_o sea-water_n chap._n xvii_o of_o mineral_n water_n bath_n and_o spaw_n because_o that_o there_o be_v many_o kind_n of_o liquid_a body_n or_o water_n the_o peculiar_a property_n of_o which_o man_n do_v admire_v at_o therefore_o geographer_n be_v wont_a to_o treat_v of_o they_o but_o all_o of_o they_o hitherto_o except_o a_o bare_a recital_n of_o their_o name_n and_o a_o reckon_n up_o of_o some_o wonderful_a fountain_n or_o spring_n have_v add_v nothing_o to_o solid_a knowledge_n but_o we_o shall_v treat_v more_o clear_o of_o they_o and_o that_o with_o a_o declaration_n of_o their_o cause_n proposition_n i._n no_o water_n be_v pure_a and_o elementary_a but_o contain_v or_o have_v admix_v particle_n such_o as_o be_v find_v in_o terrestrial_a body_n these_o particle_n be_v not_o only_a earth_n but_o also_o they_o be_v various_a as_o oil_n spirit_n and_o the_o like_a that_o be_v term_v mineral-water_n which_o contain_v so_o many_o or_o such_o particle_n of_o a_o different_a nature_n from_o the_o water_n so_o that_o from_o they_o it_o gain_v or_o have_v notable_a quality_n which_o we_o discover_v by_o sense_n or_o the_o property_n be_v notable_a by_o sense_n particle_n no_o water_n be_v pure_a but_o have_v admix_v particle_n the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a by_o experience_n and_o be_v prove_v both_o from_o the_o difference_n of_o taste_n and_o from_o distillation_n and_o all_o naturalist_n agree_v that_o simple_a or_o pure_a water_n as_o the_o other_o element_n separate_v from_o other_o do_v not_o exist_v in_o nature_n the_o cause_n be_v the_o various_a and_o perpetual_a agitation_n of_o the_o particle_n but_o in_o water_n that_o i_o may_v say_v somewhat_o in_o particular_a concern_v our_o matter_n in_o hand_n by_o the_o cause_n of_o admixtion_n of_o heterogeneous_a they_o receive_v spiritual_a particle_n the_o rain_n and_o the_o air_n itself_o touch_v the_o water_n consist_v of_o divers_a particle_n therefore_o all_o water_n have_v admix_v particle_n of_o another_o nature_n but_o there_o be_v not_o the_o like_a quantity_n in_o all_o of_o they_o into_o the_o rhine_n indeed_o the_o danube_n and_o albis_n and_o into_o all_o great_a river_n other_o riveret_n do_v flow_v in_o impregnate_v with_o innumerable_a particle_n and_o in_o such_o quantity_n that_o they_o be_v evident_a to_o the_o sense_n but_o because_o beside_o these_o many_o other_o riveret_n do_v flow_v into_o they_o not_o impregnate_v with_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o heterogeneous_a particle_n as_o be_v discoverable_a to_o the_o eye_n and_o because_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o water_n that_o they_o carry_v consist_v of_o rain_n and_o air_n therefore_o also_o in_o these_o great_a river_n those_o heterogeneous_a particle_n be_v not_o easy_o discover_v but_o must_v be_v separate_v from_o they_o by_o art_n if_o that_o any_o one_o will_v have_v they_o discover_v to_o the_o sense_n but_o we_o shall_v especial_o call_v they_o mineral_n water_n which_o have_v some_o notable_a property_n beyond_o the_o common_a water_n that_o be_v that_o contain_v such_o a_o admixture_n of_o heterogeous_a particle_n that_o thence_o possess_v a_o notable_a and_o sensible_a quality_n proposition_n ii_o mineral_n water_n be_v of_o three_o kind_n water_n of_o mineral_n water_n some_o be_v corporeal_a we_o want_v a_o apt_a word_n other_o spiritual_n otheâ—s_v both_o corporeal_a and_o spiritual_a i_o term_v those_o corporeal_a mineral_n water_n which_o contain_v solid_a and_o fix_a particle_n of_o mineral_n so_o that_o these_o may_v be_v discover_v and_o separate_v by_o the_o sight_n these_o corporeal_a body_n be_v twofold_a some_o carry_v those_o particle_n of_o mineral_n of_o a_o very_a great_a magnitude_n that_o without_o any_o trouble_n or_o very_o little_a at_o the_o least_o they_o may_v be_v behold_v in_o the_o water_n and_o to_o speak_v proper_o they_o be_v not_o commix_v water_n such_o be_v those_o of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n because_o that_o the_o grain_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o the_o like_a be_v contain_v in_o their_o water_n therefore_o they_o be_v term_v gold_n and_o silver-bearing_a river_n but_o these_o water_n in_o property_n of_o speech_n be_v not_o to_o be_v term_v mineral_n because_o that_o they_o have_v not_o these_o particle_n commix_v with_o they_o but_o free_a neither_o do_v they_o receive_v any_o property_n or_o quality_n from_o they_o yet_o because_o that_o man_n also_o admire_v such_o river_n and_o the_o explication_n of_o they_o have_v great_a affinity_n with_o the_o enodation_n of_o mineral_n water_n proper_o so_o term_v therefore_o i_o comprehend_v they_o under_o the_o general_a appellation_n of_o mineral_n water_n bituminous_a fountain_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v reduce_v under_o this_o classis_fw-la water_n corporeal_a mineral_n water_n but_o those_o be_v term_v more_o proper_o corporeal_a mineral_n water_n which_o contain_v indeed_o solid_a particle_n of_o mineral_n but_o so_o little_a small_a and_o altogether_o commix_v that_o they_o be_v not_o present_o discover_v by_o the_o sight_n but_o either_o by_o art_n or_o a_o long_a tract_n of_o time_n subside_v and_o concrease_v and_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o sensible_a quantity_n as_o be_v saâ—â—_n spring_n sulphureous_a fountain_n and_o such_o
participation_n of_o mineral_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o vitriol_n sulphureous_a and_o mercurial_a water_n and_o the_o like_a and_o more_o especial_o to_o these_o to_o wit_n to_o salt_n vitriolate_v and_o sulphureous_a because_o in_o these_o nature_n itself_o do_v exhibit_v this_o fourfold_a variety_n i_o doubt_v whether_o that_o corporeal_a water_n of_o a_o mix_a subtlety_n do_v exist_v spirituous_a metallick_n water_n be_v very_o rare_a but_o sulphureous_a and_o salt_n water_n be_v frequent_a but_o the_o corporeal_a and_o spirituous_a because_o these_o sort_n of_o metal_n be_v both_o find_v in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o in_o a_o great_a quantity_n and_o easy_o suffer_v their_o particle_n to_o be_v gnaw_v off_o they_o send_v out_o also_o frequent_o a_o fume_n and_o vapour_n we_o will_v explain_v by_o one_o example_n this_o fourfold_a variety_n of_o participation_n and_o that_o in_o gold_n 1._o in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n and_o the_o sixteenth_o proposition_n we_o have_v enumerate_v those_o riveret_n which_o carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n and_o with_o this_o treasury_n make_v glad_a the_o native_n such_o be_v many_o in_o the_o earldom_n of_o tirol_n and_o the_o place_n adjacent_a and_o we_o have_v say_v that_o the_o rhine_n itself_o albis_n danube_n and_o most_o great_a river_n in_o some_o place_n carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n as_o also_o of_o other_o metal_n and_o mineral_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o receive_v golden_a or_o gold-bearing_a riveret_n the_o rhine_n carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n commix_v with_o clay_n and_o sand_n in_o many_o place_n but_o especial_o at_o these_o 1._o near_a curia_n in_o rhetia_n 2._o at_o meinfield_n 3._o at_o eglinsan_n 4._o at._n secningham_n 5._o at_o the_o town_n aug_v not_o far_o from_o basil_n 6._o at_o norinburgh_n 7._o at_o worm_n 8._o at_o seltz_n 9_o at_o mentz_n 10._o at_o bacherack_n 11._o at_o bononia_n and_o the_o like_a the_o reader_n may_v see_v those_o gold-bearing_a riveret_n which_o the_o rhine_n receive_v in_o thurnhuserus_n as_o also_o those_o that_o the_o danube_n and_o albis_n do_v receive_v in_o the_o water_n of_o this_o viz._n the_o albis_n be_v find_v grain_n of_o gold_n 1._o at_o leutmeritz_n in_o bohemia_n 2._o at_o puru_n 3._o at_o dresda_n in_o misnia_n 4._o at_o torga_n 5._o at_o magdeburgh_n 6._o at_o the_o tower_n of_o lunenburgh_n fifteen_o mile_n from_o hamburgh_n concern_v the_o gold-bearing_a riveret_n consult_v the_o forecited_a book_n of_o thurnhuserus_n where_o also_o you_o may_v see_v those_o that_o carry_v other_o metal_n and_o mineral_n these_o water_n be_v therefore_o the_o corporeal_a golden-water_n of_o the_o first_o mode_n viz._n those_o that_o carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n which_o less_o proper_o be_v term_v mineral_n or_o golden_a because_o the_o golden-grain_n be_v not_o permix_v with_o the_o water_n but_o be_v carry_v down_o by_o the_o rapid_a current_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o water_n themselves_o be_v simple_a or_o uncompounded_a 2._o golden_a corporeal-water_n of_o a_o subtle_a commixtion_n to_o wit_n the_o atom_n of_o who_o water_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o atom_n of_o the_o gold_n as_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o aqua_fw-la regius_fw-la of_o the_o chemist_n which_o dissolve_v the_o gold_n and_o unit_v it_o to_o itself_o by_o atom_n and_o now_o because_o there_o may_v be_v like_o water_n which_o whether_o they_o be_v carry_v through_o golden-land_n or_o mine_n may_v gnaw_v off_o and_o dissolve_v some_o golden-atom_n of_o it_o with_o earthly_a one_o such_o golden-water_n many_o riveret_n seem_v to_o be_v which_o thurnhuserus_n write_v to_o participate_v of_o gold_n and_o reckon_v they_o up_o in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o danube_n rhine_n and_o other_o great_a river_n 3._o the_o golden_a spirituous-water_n be_v very_o few_o and_o some_o of_o those_o be_v they_o peradventure_o which_o thurnhuserus_n enumerate_v now_o such_o water_n be_v less_o note_v or_o sensible_a because_o golden-earth_n and_o mine_n be_v very_o rare_a and_o that_o in_o a_o small_a quantity_n moreover_o where_o the_o mine_n be_v a_o quantity_n of_o other_o mineral_n be_v also_o together_o with_o the_o gold_n whence_o the_o water_n receive_v many_o more_o spirit_n yet_o some_o riveret_n in_o the_o high_a alps_n of_o bohemia_n be_v say_v to_o participate_v of_o these_o golden-spirit_n also_o in_o silesia_n and_o the_o mountain_n that_o they_o call_v fitchtelberg_n the_o pepper-bath_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o curia_n be_v believe_v to_o be_v impregnate_v with_o such_o a_o spirit_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o admixture_n of_o other_o mineral_n in_o great_a quantity_n the_o water_n receive_v a_o less_o sensible_a quality_n from_o it_o 4._o golden-water_n which_o carry_v both_o atom_n of_o gold_n and_o spirit_n be_v some_o of_o the_o riveret_n mention_v by_o thurnhuserus_n we_o will_v add_v the_o example_n of_o salt-water_n salt-water_n example_n of_o salt-water_n 1._o salt_n corporeal-water_n viz._n which_o carry_v the_o more_o gross_a particle_n of_o salt_n and_o not_o accurate_o mix_v they_o be_v many_o and_o sufficient_o know_v to_o any_o person_n as_o certain_a spring_n of_o which_o salt_n be_v make_v hitherto_o appertain_v the_o sea-water_n if_o that_o it_o be_v make_v more_o gross_a by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n 2._o salt_n corporeal_a subtile-water_n which_o contain_v the_o salt_n reduce_v into_o little_a particle_n they_o be_v those_o which_o when_o they_o be_v most_o salt_n yet_o withal_o they_o be_v very_o pellucid_a and_o subtle_a as_o many_o salt_n spring_n and_o tenuous_a sea-water_n although_o that_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o this_o subtle_a commixtion_n hitherto_o appertain_v the_o urinal_n of_o all_o animal_n 3._o salt_n spirituous-water_n which_o contain_v not_o the_o particle_n of_o salt_n but_o the_o spirit_n of_o salt_n they_o be_v such_o that_o if_o you_o shall_v boil_v many_o vessel_n of_o they_o yet_o notwithstanding_o you_o shall_v receive_v no_o salt_n not_o a_o few_o of_o these_o be_v in_o germany_n and_o elsewhere_o but_o they_o be_v rare_o find_v simple_a 4._o salt_n corporeal_a and_o spirituous-water_n which_o have_v particle_n of_o salt_n and_o spirit_n almost_o all_o the_o corporeal_a have_v also_o some_o portion_n of_o saline_n spirit_n but_o most_o of_o they_o very_o little_a so_o near_o the_o city_n saltzinga_n not_o far_o from_o the_o rhine_n the_o fountain_n be_v salt_n the_o water_n of_o which_o though_o more_o salt_n than_o other_o water_n yet_o it_o afford_v less_o salt_n because_o its_o sharp_a and_o salt_n sapour_fw-la be_v sharpen_v by_o a_o spirit_n or_o volatile_a salt_n that_o fly_v away_o in_o the_o boil_a hence_o it_o be_v manifest_v how_o this_o fourfold_a difference_n of_o participation_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v unto_o every_o sort_n of_o mineral_n water_n viz._n vitriolate-water_n alom-water_n lead-water_n and_o the_o like_a proposition_n v._o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o note_a difference_n of_o mineral_n water_n water_n the_o note_a difference_n of_o mineral_n water_n in_o the_o forego_n proposition_n we_o have_v explain_v the_o true_a kind_n and_o difference_n of_o mineral_n water_n take_v from_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o they_o viz._n from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o mineral_n which_o they_o carry_v or_o by_o which_o they_o be_v impregnate_v but_o those_o difference_n because_o they_o do_v not_o so_o strike_v the_o sense_n and_o moreover_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a mixture_n of_o mineral_n communicate_v various_a property_n to_o the_o water_n wherefore_o they_o be_v less_o vulgar_o know_v for_o the_o denomination_n of_o all_o body_n arise_v from_o manifest_a quality_n on_o the_o sense_n as_o also_o do_v the_o celebrity_n of_o water_n among_o man_n the_o explication_n and_o cause_n of_o which_o apart_a quality_n and_o property_n must_v be_v seek_v from_o the_o inmost_a composition_n of_o thing_n therefore_o the_o note_a and_o famous_a difference_n or_o species_n of_o liquor_n flow_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o know_v to_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n of_o man_n be_v these_o ten_o to_o wit_n 1._o sowr-water_n 2._o bitter_a 3._o hot_a 4._o very_a cold_a 5._o oily_a and_o fat_a 6._o poisonous_a 7._o colour_a 8._o ebullient_a 9_o water_n that_o convert_v less_o hard_a into_o hard_a or_o after_o any_o other_o mode_n change_v any_o body_n cast_v in_o or_o stain_v with_o they_o 10._o salt-water_n and_o in_o the_o 11_o place_n we_o may_v add_v those_o which_o be_v endow_v with_o any_o other_o wonderful_a property_n unto_o these_o class_n those_o that_o be_v studious_a in_o these_o thing_n may_v reduce_v all_o water_n which_o be_v find_v describe_v in_o author_n we_o shall_v only_o in_o brief_a show_v their_o generation_n and_o difference_n and_o allege_v some_o example_n proposition_n vi_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n or_o generation_n difference_n or_o kind_n of_o acid_n or_o sour_a water_n water_n of_o sour_a water_n great_a be_v the_o celebrity_n of_o acid_n water_n or_o spring_n they_o
water_n on_o which_o drop_v of_o oil_n do_v flow_v in_o scotland_n two_o mile_n from_o edinburgh_n a_o fountain_n flow_v on_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o which_o drop_v of_o black_a oil_n do_v swim_v the_o inhabitant_n use_v it_o to_o mollify_v the_o skin_n and_o to_o take_v away_o scab_n so_o the_o river_n cilicia_n term_v liparis_n be_v famous_a among_o the_o ancient_n in_o which_o those_o that_o wash_v themselves_o be_v anoint_a by_o the_o water_n whether_o it_o be_v so_o at_o this_o day_n i_o much_o doubt_n so_o likewise_o there_o be_v a_o lake_n in_o aethiopia_n which_o anoint_v those_o that_o swim_v it_o also_o there_o be_v a_o fountain_n in_o india_n which_o on_o a_o clear_a day_n send_v forth_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o oil_n in_o zant_n and_o about_o dyrrachium_fw-la and_o appallonia_n as_o vitruvius_n write_v there_o be_v fountain_n which_o vomit_v out_o abundance_n of_o pitch_n with_o water_n there_o be_v a_o lake_n in_o babylon_n of_o great_a magnitude_n call_v limb_n asphaltis_n it_o have_v liquid_a bitumen_n swim_v upon_o it_o with_o which_o the_o black_a semiramis_n encompass_v babylon_n with_o a_o wall_n at_o this_o day_n also_o at_o monasterium_fw-la in_o bavaria_n be_v the_o fountain_n degemsce_fw-mi on_o the_o top_n of_o which_o oil_n swim_v and_o be_v daily_o take_v off_o the_o acid_n water_n of_o schwalback_n if_o they_o be_v take_v in_o a_o vessel_n and_o have_v be_v settle_v for_o some_o day_n small_a drop_n of_o oil_n swim_v on_o the_o top_n of_o they_o there_o be_v a_o great_a quantity_n in_o the_o fountain_n term_v oelbrum_n not_o far_o from_o hagenaw_n at_o the_o village_n lamperscholch_n also_o in_o the_o many_o bath_n be_v find_v bituminous_a particle_n if_o so_o be_v that_o they_o stand_v quiet_a for_o some_o day_n as_o in_o the_o bath_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n term_v the_o bath_n of_o petrolei_n now_o the_o fountain_n that_o send_v out_o not_o a_o oil_n swim_v on_o the_o water_n but_o a_o mere_a fat_a or_o bituminous_a liquor_n be_v also_o many_o near_a gersbachium_n in_o the_o valley_n call_v lebersthal_n from_o a_o antiquate_a and_o exhaust_v i_o oil_n or_o bitumen_n flow_v with_o which_o the_o country_n swain_n besmear_v their_o cart-wheel_n neither_o do_v the_o inhabitant_n know_v its_o excellency_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o sumatra_n be_v a_o spring_n from_o which_o naptha_n like_v unto_o oil_n flow_v other_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o balsam_n they_o report_v fountain_n of_o amber_n to_o be_v there_o likewise_o in_o peru_n near_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o bituminous_a fountain_n send_v forth_o a_o branch_n or_o riveret_n into_o the_o sea_n the_o native_n use_v it_o instead_o of_o pitch_n neither_o do_v they_o use_v any_o other_o matter_n in_o persia_n not_o far_o from_o schimachia_n at_o or_o near_o the_o high_a mountain_n barmach_n in_o a_o valley_n be_v about_o thirty_o fountain_n of_o bitumen_n or_o naptha_n but_o run_v in_o deep_a well_n with_o a_o great_a force_n the_o depth_n be_v about_o two_o ell_n wooden_a step_n be_v make_v for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o descent_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o sulphureous_a and_o strong_a spirit_n it_o be_v of_o a_o twofold_a colour_n in_o some_o red_a in_o other_o white_z the_o cause_n of_o these_o bituminous_a fountain_n be_v a_o sulphureous_a and_o bituminous_a matter_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n thrust_v forth_o by_o a_o heat_n and_o spirit_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o difference_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v from_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o fat_a matter_n themselves_o as_o succinum_fw-la amber_n oil_n of_o petrolei_n pitch_n naptha_n and_o the_o like_a proposition_n x._o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o bitter_a water_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v find_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o bitter_a water_n and_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v find_v many_o fountain_n and_o well_n in_o the_o region_n of_o india_n on_o the_o choromandel_n have_v bitter_a water_n although_o that_o they_o ebulliate_v in_o and_o flow_v from_o rock_n in_o pontus_n a_o region_n of_o asia_n minor_a a_o little_a river_n term_v exampeus_n at_o the_o town_n callipadus_n be_v very_o bitter_a it_o render_v the_o river_n hypanis_n into_o which_o it_o flow_v also_o very_o bitter_a they_o arise_v from_o impure_a sulphur_n bitumen_n nitre_n ink_n copper_n as_o water_v leave_v a_o long_a time_n in_o a_o copper_n vessel_n acquire_v a_o bitter_a taste_n the_o lake_n asphaltites_n in_o palestine_n which_o be_v call_v mare_n mortuum_n or_o the_o dead_a sea_n have_v a_o bitter_a water_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o impure_a bitumen_n whence_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o fat_a water_n of_o the_o former_a proposition_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o stink_a scent_n and_o vapour_n all_o thing_n without_o life_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o it_o suffer_v not_o any_o animal_n to_o sink_v neither_o do_v it_o grow_v sweet_a although_o that_o it_o continual_o swallow_v up_o the_o river_n jordan_n it_o be_v venomous_a by_o reason_n that_o it_o contain_v arsenic_n proposition_n xi_o the_fw-mi explain_v the_o cause_n of_o very_o cold_a spring_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o they_o be_v find_v spring_n the_o cause_n of_o cold_a spring_n in_o the_o province_n of_o dauphin_n in_o france_n not_o far_o from_o vienna_n be_v a_o fountain_n of_o so_o great_a cold_a that_o the_o mouth_n of_o those_o that_o drink_v it_o be_v swell_v with_o it_o neither_o can_v they_o endure_v their_o hand_n in_o it_o it_o be_v not_o diminish_v for_o the_o water_n that_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o it_o nor_o augment_v by_o the_o water_n pour_v into_o it_o in_o arabia_n or_o aethiopia_n be_v most_o cold_a spring_n although_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v most_o excessive_a there_o in_o stiria_n not_o far_o from_o gretz_n be_v fountain_n so_o cold_a at_o the_o bottom_n that_o none_o can_v drink_v any_o water_n run_v or_o draw_v from_o thence_o in_o a_o mile_n from_o calma_n a_o spring_n send_v forth_o water_n as_o it_o be_v boil_v with_o a_o great_a wind_n when_o yet_o it_o be_v very_o cold_a hence_o they_o call_v it_o the_o mad_a water_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o coldness_n of_o these_o fountain_n be_v 1._o the_o admixture_n of_o nitre_n and_o alom_n also_o of_o mercury_n iron_n and_o the_o like_a 2._o the_o depth_n of_o the_o spring_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o solary_a beam_n and_o of_o the_o sulphureous_a subterraneous_a heat_n there_o be_v also_o some_o spring_n which_o be_v sometime_o cold_a and_o sometime_o hot_a in_o gatalonia_n the_o lake_n and_o fountain_n salsula_n in_o the_o winter_n be_v hot_a and_o in_o the_o summer_n very_o cold_a this_o be_v common_a to_o it_o with_o many_o other_o i_o think_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v that_o in_o the_o summer_n the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v open_a through_o which_o the_o hot_a spirit_n break_v forth_o in_o the_o winter_n they_o be_v close_v whence_o within_o there_o be_v hot_a furnace_n that_o heat_v the_o water_n so_o some_o fountain_n be_v more_o hot_a in_o the_o night_n than_o in_o the_o day_n proposition_n xii_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o those_o water_n which_o seem_v to_o change_v body_n into_o another_o kind_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o they_o be_v find_v there_o be_v some_o water_n which_o change_v wood_n into_o the_o hard_a stone_n in_o ireland_n etc._n of_o the_o generation_n of_o water_n which_o change_v body_n into_o another_o kind_n etc._n etc._n above_o the_o city_n armagh_n in_o a_o pool_n not_o very_o large_a a_o stake_n of_o wood_n if_o it_o be_v fix_v for_o some_o month_n the_o part_n that_o stick_v in_o the_o mud_n will_v be_v iron_n the_o part_n which_o be_v touch_v with_o the_o water_n be_v turn_v into_o stone_n and_o the_o rest_n remain_v wood_n so_o giraldus_n and_o maginus_fw-la relate_fw-la but_o brietius_n say_v i_o know_v not_o by_o what_o authority_n that_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a fable_n the_o water_n of_o loches_n in_o blois_n a_o province_n in_o france_n turn_v all_o thing_n put_v into_o it_o into_o stone_n at_o the_o city_n senon_n in_o burgundia_n near_o a_o lake_n a_o spring_n flow_v which_o harden_v into_o stone_n vitruvius_n say_v that_o in_o cappadocia_n between_o mazaca_n and_o tuana_n be_v a_o large_a lake_n which_o change_v a_o reed_n or_o wood_n put_v into_o it_o in_o one_o day_n into_o stone_n in_o bohemia_n near_o the_o bath_n of_o charles_n be_v a_o fountain_n in_o which_o wood_n lie_v long_o be_v change_v into_o stone_n other_o water_n be_v think_v to_o change_v iron_n into_o copper_n which_o yet_o real_o they_o do_v not_o but_o by_o reason_n that_o water_n themselves_o carry_v particle_n and_o spirit_n of_o copper_n
and_o vitriol_n therefore_o they_o dissolve_v the_o particle_n of_o iron_n and_o by_o degree_n take_v away_o from_o it_o which_o whilst_o that_o they_o do_v the_o copper_n particle_n of_o the_o water_n be_v repose_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o iron_n once_o take_v away_o or_o there_o adhere_v whilst_o that_o they_o glide_v with_o the_o run_v water_n the_o reason_n of_o those_o that_o change_n wood_n into_o stone_n be_v these_o 1._o some_o do_v not_o change_v the_o wood_n itself_o into_o stone_n but_o earthy_a stony_a and_o saline_a particle_n contain_v in_o the_o water_n do_v apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o wood_n and_o so_o as_o it_o be_v cover_v the_o wood_n with_o a_o stony_a crust_n and_o do_v not_o real_o change_v it_o 2._o some_o do_v not_o change_v the_o wood_n into_o stone_n but_o cause_n a_o stony_a hardness_n to_o the_o wood_n which_o some_o mineral_n water_n may_v possible_o do_v 3._o if_o that_o some_o water_n have_v true_o change_v wood_n into_o stone_n i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v do_v after_o this_o manner_n that_o chief_a difference_n be_v find_v by_o sight_n between_o the_o wood_n and_o the_o stone_n that_o in_o the_o wood_n there_o be_v certain_a long_a fibres_n or_o vein_n unto_o which_o the_o particle_n do_v cohere_v and_o those_o be_v less_o thick_a but_o in_o stone_n the_o particle_n be_v like_a unto_o atom_n without_o any_o certain_a extension_n into_o long_a fibres_n if_o that_o therefore_o any_o water_n dissolve_v and_o as_o it_o be_v grind_v the_o particle_n cohere_v in_o the_o wood_n according_a to_o a_o long_a line_n so_o that_o now_o they_o do_v no_o more_o cohere_v after_o this_o mode_n but_o yet_o be_v more_o condense_v there_o will_v be_v no_o more_o any_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o wood_n and_o stone_n as_o may_v be_v observe_v by_o our_o eye_n yet_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o these_o mineral_n water_n communicate_v some_o substance_n to_o the_o wood_n itself_o there_o be_v other_o water_n who_o faculty_n be_v report_v to_o be_v able_a to_o change_v the_o colour_n in_o the_o hair_n of_o man_n or_o beast_n proposition_n xiii_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n of_o poisonous_a and_o death-causing_a water_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v water_n of_o poisonous_a water_n such_o be_v the_o lake_n asphaltites_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o arsenical_a bitumen_n in_o time_n past_a famous_a be_v the_o fountain_n of_o terracina_n which_o be_v call_v neptunicus_n in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o volsci_n of_o which_o those_o that_o drink_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o life_n therefore_o it_o be_v fill_v up_o with_o stone_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o thessalia_n a_o fountain_n spring_v of_o which_o no_o cattle_n drink_v nor_o no_o kind_n of_o beast_n approach_v famous_a or_o rather_o infamous_a be_v the_o water_n which_o in_o the_o region_n of_o arcadia_n call_v nonacris_n the_o ancient_n write_v to_o drop_v exceed_o cold_a from_o stony_a rock_n therefore_o call_v the_o infernal_a and_o stygian_a water_n which_o no_o vessel_n either_o of_o silver_n brass_n or_o iron_n can_v be_v preserve_v in_o without_o break_v and_o by_o this_o water_n historian_n report_v that_o alexander_n the_o great_a be_v kill_v by_o jolla_n son_n of_o antipater_n and_o that_o not_o without_o the_o infamy_n of_o aristotle_n at_o this_o day_n many_o mortiferous_a water_n be_v find_v in_o the_o place_n or_o region_n call_v the_o alps_n but_o most_o of_o they_o be_v stop_v with_o stone_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o so_o few_o death-causing_a fountain_n be_v know_v now_o the_o generation_n of_o such_o water_n be_v if_o the_o water_n glide_v or_o flow_v through_o arsenical_a mercurial_a or_o antimonial_a earth_n and_o be_v impregnate_v with_o their_o fume_n for_o as_o the_o smoke_n or_o fume_n of_o arsenic_n kill_v live_v creature_n so_o water_v impregnate_v with_o such_o a_o fume_n do_v the_o same_o proposition_n fourteen_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o colour_a water_n and_o their_o difference_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v at_o chinen_n in_o france_n water_n flow_v from_o a_o cave_n of_o somewhat_o a_o yellowish_a colour_n water_n of_o colour_a water_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n a_o riveret_n flow_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n into_o the_o sea_n in_o some_o place_n water_n flow_v of_o a_o black_a of_o a_o green_a and_o such_o like_a colour_n but_o they_o be_v but_o few_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o these_o water_n be_v that_o they_o glide_v or_o run_v from_o land_n before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o fountain_n proposition_n xv._o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o salt-water_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v salt-water_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o salt-water_n the_o generation_n be_v twofold_a 1._o from_o the_o ocean_n they_o come_v through_o subterraneous_a passage_n and_o flow_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n 2._o they_o be_v generate_v of_o a_o salt_n contain_v in_o the_o earth_n such_o as_o be_v find_v in_o many_o place_n through_o which_o whilst_o the_o water_n glide_v it_o conceive_v saline_n particle_n and_o spirit_n before_o that_o it_o arrive_v at_o the_o spring_n great_a be_v the_o plenty_n and_o that_o know_v to_o every_o one_o of_o salt_n fountain_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n and_o this_o matter_n be_v easy_o know_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o abundance_n of_o salt_n almost_o every_o where_o lie_v hide_v in_o the_o earth_n see_v that_o salt_n itself_o be_v a_o element_n proposition_n xvi_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n of_o ebullient_a fountain_n and_o those_o that_o break_v out_o with_o a_o great_a spirit_n and_o wind_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o they_o be_v find_v the_o cause_n be_v partly_o a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n and_o partly_o a_o nitrous_a spirit_n commix_v with_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n fountain_n of_o ebullient_a fountain_n if_o that_o it_o be_v a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n the_o water_n be_v hot_a if_o nitrous_a cold_a for_o neither_o be_v all_o the_o water_n which_o ebulliate_v like_a to_o those_o that_o be_v hot_a hot_a but_o many_o of_o they_o be_v cold_a as_o be_v evident_a from_o that_o near_a to_o culma_n call_v a_o mad_a water_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o twelve_o proposition_n the_o river_n tamayus_n in_o galaecia_n arise_v from_o a_o lake_n in_o its_o rise_n for_o some_o month_n of_o the_o year_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o mighty_a noise_n in_o japan_n that_o wonderful_a hot_a fountain_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o eight_o proposition_n not_o above_o twice_o every_o day_n break_v forth_o for_o the_o most_o part_n for_o one_o hour_n now_o when_o that_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o flow_v it_o be_v carry_v with_o so_o great_a a_o force_n and_o vehemency_n of_o wind_n that_o it_o move_v the_o vast_a stone_n incumbent_a on_o the_o well_o and_o leap_v to_o the_o height_n of_o three_o or_o four_o ell_n with_o so_o great_a a_o noise_n like_v unto_o the_o discharge_n of_o cannon_n in_o westphalia_n a_o fountain_n break_v forth_o term_v bolderborn_n from_o its_o noise_n most_o of_o the_o spaw_n and_o bath_n break_v forth_o with_o a_o abundance_n of_o wind_n and_o ebulliate_v as_o if_o they_o boil_a a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n cause_v this_o in_o the_o bath_n and_o in_o the_o spaw_n the_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n nitre_n and_o the_o like_a proposition_n xvii_o to_o enumerate_v the_o kind_n of_o water_n which_o have_v other_o certain_a wonderful_a property_n and_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n of_o they_o unto_o this_o classis_fw-la all_o other_o ought_v to_o be_v reduce_v which_o can_v convenient_o be_v refer_v unto_o the_o former_a sort_n property_n other_o kind_n of_o water_n of_o wonderful_a property_n so_o there_o be_v a_o fountain_n in_o portugal_n term_v cadina_fw-la devour_v all_o that_o be_v cast_v into_o it_o also_o in_o time_n pass_v there_o be_v another_o near_a to_o it_o reject_v all_o thing_n cast_v into_o it_o but_o this_o latter_a be_v obstruct_v in_o andalusia_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n guadiana_n eusebius_n nierenburgius_n relate_v that_o there_o be_v a_o lake_n which_o show_v the_o season_n or_o tempest_n for_o when_o that_o this_o be_v approach_v it_o make_v a_o horrible_a noise_n which_o be_v oftentimes_o hear_v for_o the_o space_n of_o 18_o or_o 20_o mile_n in_o calais_n in_o france_n be_v a_o well_o into_o which_o if_o that_o a_o stone_n be_v cast_v in_o a_o noise_n will_v be_v hear_v like_o thunder_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o well_o in_o the_o alps_n be_v wells_n who_o water_n be_v drink_v off_o contract_v swell_n of_o a_o great_a bigness_n hang_v from_o their_o neck_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o granada_n at_o the_o town_n antiquarius_fw-la be_v
a_o fountain_n of_o so_o great_a force_n that_o it_o dissolve_v stone_n near_o unto_o tours_n in_o france_n be_v cave_n to_o be_v see_v term_v common_o les_fw-fr cave_n gouttieres_n from_o the_o roof_n of_o which_o the_o water_n which_o fall_v be_v form_v into_o divers_a shape_n as_o nut_n almond_n and_o the_o like_a the_o hot_a fountain_n of_o japan_n burn_v all_o thing_n and_o devour_v cloth_n iron_z flesh_n etc._n etc._n the_o studious_a may_v collect_v divers_a other_o example_n from_o other_o author_n and_o reduce_v they_o to_o this_o classis_fw-la if_o that_o they_o seem_v not_o possible_a to_o be_v reduce_v to_o any_o of_o the_o former_a the_o cause_n must_v be_v seek_v from_o the_o peculiar_a situation_n and_o property_n of_o each_o place_n proposition_n xviii_o to_o enumerate_v those_o fountain_n which_o break_v forth_o at_o a_o set_a time_n not_o continual_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n and_o those_o which_o ebb_n and_o flow_v continual_o of_o fountain_n which_o break_v forth_o at_o a_o set_a time_n not_o continual_o this_o proposition_n belong_v not_o to_o this_o chapter_n but_o to_o the_o precede_a yet_o because_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o wonder_n of_o water_n and_o be_v neglect_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n here_o it_o shall_v be_v explain_v in_o a_o fountain_n situate_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n in_o the_o province_n of_o canaugh_n in_o ireland_n the_o water_n eb_v and_o flow_v every_o day_n with_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n yet_o the_o water_n be_v fresh_a the_o same_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o fountain_n louzara_n which_o be_v in_o the_o mountainous_a place_n of_o galaecia_n call_v cabreti_n 20_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n also_o in_o aquitain_n in_o the_o village_n marsacus_n be_v a_o fountain_n which_o imitate_v the_o swell_a of_o the_o sea_n and_o swell_v with_o the_o increase_n of_o garumnae_fw-la in_o bordeaux_n elsewhere_o there_o be_v say_v to_o be_v fountain_n which_o augment_v and_o decrease_v contrary_a to_o the_o swell_a of_o the_o sea_n in_o wales_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n severn_n be_v a_o pool_n call_v linliguna_n which_o swallow_v in_o the_o marine_a flood_n whilst_o that_o they_o arise_v but_o it_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n fill_v with_o the_o same_o and_o the_o flood_n of_o the_o sea_n cease_v than_o it_o rise_v with_o a_o great_a force_n and_o vomit_v out_o the_o water_n with_o which_o it_o cover_v the_o bank_n in_o biscay_n there_o be_v the_o four_o spring_n tamarici_n whereof_o three_o every_o day_n be_v so_o dry_v twelve_o time_n as_o if_o that_o no_o water_n be_v in_o they_o as_o pliny_n report_v but_o i_o question_v whether_o they_o be_v to_o be_v find_v at_o this_o day_n in_o savoy_n be_v a_o fountain_n of_o note_a magnitude_n callen_v wonderful_a which_o sink_v low_a twice_o in_o a_o hour_n and_o twice_o flow_v and_o before_o that_o it_o flow_v and_o do_v break_v forth_o with_o a_o great_a noise_n it_o flow_v into_o the_o lake_n burgites_n in_o the_o mountain_n of_o foix_n in_o languedoc_n rise_v the_o river_n ler_n which_o in_o the_o month_n june_n july_n and_o august_n eb_v and_o flow_v 24_o time_n in_o a_o day_n bertius_n see_v bertius_n in_o a_o region_n of_o westphalia_n call_v paderborn_n be_v a_o fountain_n which_o eb_v and_o flow_v twice_o every_o day_n although_o it_o send_v forth_o so_o much_o water_n that_o not_o far_o from_o the_o fountain_n the_o water_n drive_v four_o water-mill_n and_o it_o break_v forth_o with_o a_o mighty_a noise_n in_o the_o province_n of_o wallis_n in_o germany_n be_v a_o fountain_n call_v the_o fountain_n of_o st._n marry_o it_o cease_v to_o flow_v in_o the_o autumn_n at_o the_o day_n dedicate_v to_o st._n mary_n and_o return_v in_o may._n the_o pool_n or_o lake_n maron_n in_o palestine_n be_v so_o dry_a in_o the_o summer_n and_o bring_v forth_o herb_n and_o shrub_n so_o high_a that_o lion_n wolf_n and_o other_o wild_a beast_n do_v abide_v there_o in_o spain_n two_o mile_n from_o valindolid_n be_v a_o fountain_n which_o arise_v in_o may_n and_o fall_v in_o november_n all_o bath_n flow_v without_o any_o cessation_n or_o change_n except_o those_o that_o be_v in_o rhaetia_n and_o be_v call_v the_o pepper_n bath_n for_o they_o flow_v only_o in_o the_o summer_n from_o the_o three_o of_o may_n to_o the_o fourteen_o of_o september_n than_o they_o cease_v chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o mutation_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o water_n and_o land_n or_o of_o the_o mutation_n of_o the_o watery_a superficies_n into_o the_o earthy_a and_o the_o contrary_n proposition_n i._o to_o know_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o water_n possess_v how_o great_a it_o be_v and_o that_o which_o the_o earth_n occupi_v possess_v of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o water_n possess_v we_o can_v accurate_o know_v this_o because_o we_o be_v ignorant_a whether_o the_o sea_n or_o land_n do_v possess_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o north_n or_o south_n polaryland_n moreover_o because_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n as_o also_o of_o the_o land_n be_v terminate_v on_o the_o globe_n by_o a_o irregular_a bend_n of_o the_o line_n therefore_o it_o will_v be_v a_o very_a difficult_a task_n to_o compute_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o land_n but_o as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a to_o collect_v in_o gross_a from_o the_o inspection_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o land_n seem_v almost_o equal_a so_o that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v half_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o land_n and_o so_o also_o be_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o land_n proposition_n ii_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n as_o also_o of_o the_o land_n be_v not_o at_o all_o time_n of_o the_o same_o magnitude_n but_o sometime_o great_a and_o sometime_o lesser_a and_o when_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v augment_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o land_n be_v diminish_v for_o the_o sea_n overflow_v sometime_o here_o sometime_o there_o or_o take_v away_o and_o carry_v with_o it_o so_o therefore_o his_o superficies_n be_v augment_v more_o or_o less_o as_o it_o have_v overflow_v a_o great_a or_o less_o tract_n of_o land_n as_o in_o time_n past_o it_o do_v in_o thessaly_n yet_o this_o variety_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v yet_o know_v have_v a_o very_a little_a proportion_n unto_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o water_n it_o may_v be_v make_v great_a as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o eighteen_o proposition_n proposition_n iii_o to_o compute_v what_o quantity_n of_o water_n the_o earth_n contain_v and_o what_o quantity_n of_o land_n contain_v of_o the_o quantity_n of_o land_n and_o water_n which_o the_o earth_n contain_v for_o the_o find_n out_o the_o accurate_a and_o true_a quantity_n of_o water_n and_o land_n first_o we_o ought_v to_o know_v both_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o water_n as_o also_o its_o depth_n in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o the_o subterraneous_a heap_n of_o water_n ought_v to_o be_v examine_v all_o which_o see_v that_o we_o can_v find_v out_o by_o any_o method_n therefore_o we_o can_v find_v out_o the_o accurate_a quantity_n of_o the_o water_n or_o land_n but_o only_o from_o certain_a hypothesis_n viz._n we_o lay_v down_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n to_o be_v half_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o profundity_n to_o be_v quarter_n or_o half_a a_o mile_n neither_o do_v we_o reckon_v the_o water_n in_o subterraneous_a channel_n the_o quantity_n of_o water_n may_v be_v thus_o find_v out_o take_v a_o quarter_n or_o half_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o sphere_n may_v be_v find_v who_o semidiameter_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o residue_n let_v this_o solidity_n be_v take_v from_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o half_a of_o the_o residue_n be_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n the_o same_o half_n substract_v from_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n leave_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o which_o must_v be_v add_v a_o four_o or_o five_o part_n of_o the_o bulk_n of_o water_n or_o of_o the_o former_a half_n but_o these_o be_v uncertainty_n from_o suppose_a uncertainty_n or_o at_o least_o nigh_o unto_o truth_n proposition_n iu._n the_o water_n may_v leave_v the_o shore_n and_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o it_o do_v occupy_v for_o divers_a cause_n so_o that_o the_o land_n may_v appear_v dry_a where_o the_o water_n or_o sea_n be_v before_o and_o so_o a_o new_a land_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v generate_v water_n a_o sevenfold_o tract_n of_o water_n there_o be_v a_o sevenfold_a tract_n of_o water_n viz._n 1._o the_o ocean_n 2._o gulf_n or_o bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n 3._o
strait_n 4._o river_n 5._o lake_n 6._o pool_n and_o 7._o marsh_n 1._o marsh_n may_v be_v exsiccate_v or_o drain_v either_o by_o subduction_n of_o the_o water_n or_o by_o exsiccation_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o none_o can_v doubt_v for_o in_o many_o region_n the_o soil_n be_v fruitful_a where_o there_o be_v marsh_n some_o year_n since_o as_o in_o westphalia_n gelderland_n brabant_n holland_n muscovia_n 2._o the_o same_o be_v the_o account_n of_o pool_n see_v that_o they_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o marsh_n proposition_n v._o rivers_n leave_v their_o channel_n or_o shoar_n that_o be_v part_n of_o their_o channel_n and_o afford_v new_a land_n land_n river_n quit_v their_o shoar_n and_o afford_v new_a land_n 1._o if_o that_o they_o carry_v much_o terrestrial_a matter_n sand_n or_o gravel_n with_o they_o which_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n in_o progress_n of_o they_o time_n so_o augment_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o channel_n that_o it_o be_v no_o more_o depress_v than_o that_o place_n from_o whence_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o vicine_fw-la earth_n but_o if_o that_o that_o matter_n sink_v into_o one_o place_n in_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n it_o will_v separate_v one_o part_n which_o then_o at_o length_n will_v be_v dry_v up_o 2._o if_o that_o the_o river_n take_v another_o channel_n whether_o it_o be_v do_v by_o art_n or_o nature_n and_o a_o violent_a cause_n as_o by_o wind_n inundation_n or_o the_o like_a 3._o if_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o river_n be_v obstruct_v or_o cease_v to_o send_v forth_o water_n the_o earth_n be_v fall_v in_o or_o condensated_a or_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o sand_n be_v drive_v by_o the_o wind_n into_o the_o fountain_n or_o adjacent_a place_n example_n of_o river_n who_o channel_n be_v exsiccate_v at_o this_o time_n either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n be_v every_o where_o obvious_a in_o writer_n yet_o not_o of_o great_a river_n but_o of_o small_a or_o of_o the_o part_n of_o any_o great_a river_n so_o a_o channel_n of_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o rhine_n which_o flow_v by_o leyden_n flow_v in_o time_n pass_v into_o the_o german_a ocean_n now_o for_o some_o age_n desert_v by_o the_o water_n at_o this_o day_n be_v land_n the_o rhine_n stagnate_v between_o leyden_n and_o the_o vicus_n cattorum_fw-la the_o shore_n be_v uncover_v from_o the_o water_n of_o river_n and_o that_o some_o river_n run_v in_o a_o more_o narrow_a channel_n than_o they_o do_v former_o be_v manifest_a from_o many_o example_n and_o from_o thence_o that_o some_o at_o this_o day_n be_v not_o navigable_a which_o former_o be_v may_v easy_o be_v collect_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n be_v diminish_v and_o none_o at_o all_o to_o be_v leave_v in_o their_o channel_n at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o as_o in_o the_o river_n scaldis_n therefore_o governor_n of_o commonwealth_n have_v a_o great_a care_n that_o the_o mud_n and_o sediment_n be_v draw_v from_o out_o the_o channel_n of_o river_n that_o they_o may_v remain_v navigable_a as_o be_v see_v in_o many_o place_n but_o great_a river_n can_v be_v dry_v up_o or_o change_v into_o land_n except_o in_o many_o age_n because_o that_o many_o lesser_a river_n flow_v from_o divers_a part_n make_v they_o of_o which_o though_o some_o may_v be_v dry_v up_o or_o change_v their_o course_n yet_o all_o do_v not_o suffer_v the_o same_o except_o in_o a_o long_a space_n of_o time_n and_o the_o channel_n be_v deep_a but_o one_o heap_n or_o ridge_n of_o sand_n may_v cause_v the_o river_n to_o run_v through_o another_o channel_n and_o the_o former_a to_o be_v dry_v up_o yet_o it_o take_v not_o away_o the_o river_n except_o the_o fountain_n or_o branch_n of_o it_o be_v obstruct_v therefore_o it_o be_v true_a that_o neither_o the_o nile_n tanais_n albis_n or_o the_o rhine_n or_o other_o river_n always_o flow_v or_o shall_v perpetual_o flow_v but_o that_o there_o be_v earth_n before_o and_o shall_v be_v afterward_o where_o they_o now_o flow_v proposition_n vi_o lake_n be_v dry_v up_o and_o change_v into_o land_n land_n lake_n dry_v up_o and_o change_v into_o land_n 1._o if_o that_o a_o lake_n be_v constitute_v from_o river_n that_o flow_v in_o that_o mutation_n be_v make_v by_o the_o abduction_n withdraw_a or_o cessation_n of_o the_o river_n and_o also_o by_o evaporation_n 2._o if_o that_o a_o lake_n receive_v water_n by_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n from_o the_o ocean_n or_o sea_n there_o will_v be_v a_o mutation_n of_o that_o lake_n after_o that_o those_o subterraneous_a passage_n be_v obstruct_v and_o so_o lake_n be_v first_o change_v into_o stand_a pool_n and_o marsh_n then_o at_o length_n into_o dry_a land_n it_o be_v evident_a say_v aristotle_n that_o because_o a_o force_n of_o water_n have_v bring_v in_o mud_n or_o something_o of_o that_o sort_n he_o speak_v of_o lake_n make_v of_o river_n therefore_o stand_v pool_n be_v make_v and_o the_o earth_n be_v dry_a and_o that_o their_o water_n be_v leave_v and_o stand_a in_o succession_n of_o time_n it_o be_v exsiccate_v and_o altogether_o vanish_v so_o the_o land_n that_o touch_v upon_o the_o lake_n maeotis_n by_o the_o soil_n bring_v down_o by_o the_o river_n be_v increase_v so_o much_o that_o ship_n now_o far_o less_o than_o those_o about_o 60_o year_n since_o for_o traffic_v sake_n enter_v into_o it_o there_o be_v many_o example_n find_v of_o small_a lake_n change_v into_o dry_a land_n especial_o in_o holland_n proposition_n vii_o strait_n be_v exsiccate_v and_o change_v into_o isthmuss_n or_o continent_n that_o happen_v streights_n streights_n when_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a sink_v of_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n make_v in_o a_o long_a time_n the_o channel_n of_o the_o straight_o be_v become_v so_o high_a that_o it_o deni_v a_o passage_n to_o the_o sea_n so_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o isthmus_n between_o africa_n and_o asia_n be_v a_o straight_a by_o which_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o red-sea_n be_v conjoin_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n in_o many_o strait_n at_o this_o day_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v find_v lesser_a than_o in_o former_a time_n which_o be_v a_o certain_a token_n that_o those_o strait_n shall_v have_v no_o water_n in_o they_o in_o the_o time_n to_o come_v and_o shall_v be_v change_v into_o a_o dry_a isthmus_n so_o the_o straight_a through_o which_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n make_v a_o gulf_n which_o the_o hollander_n call_v snyder-zee_a and_o the_o texell_n at_o this_o day_n receive_v no_o large_a land_n ship_n and_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v every_o year_n find_v lesser_a and_o the_o land_n high_o therefore_o where_o the_o water_n be_v at_o the_o texell_n there_o after_o some_o age_n will_v be_v dry_a land_n concern_v the_o vlier_n the_o same_o in_o time_n to_o come_v will_v also_o happen_v proposition_n viii_o the_o bay_n or_o gulf_n which_o the_o ocean_n make_v between_o the_o mid-land_n in_o course_n of_o time_n do_v become_v dry_a place_n land_n bay_n or_o gulf_n in_o time_n do_v become_v dry_a land_n this_o be_v do_v by_o a_o double_a cause_n 1._o if_o that_o the_o straight_a by_o which_o the_o bay_n be_v conjoin_v to_o the_o ocean_n become_v a_o isthmus_n or_o else_o be_v stop_v by_o sand_n and_o gravel_n which_o be_v do_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n for_o by_o this_o cause_n the_o bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o a_o part_n or_o member_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o body_n and_o shall_v become_v a_o lake_n and_o then_o a_o stand_a pool_n and_o marish_a and_o by_o exsiccation_n become_v earth_n and_o no_o water_n shall_v be_v see_v there_o 2._o if_o that_o the_o very_a channel_n of_o the_o bay_n become_v high_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o river_n flow_v into_o it_o and_z carrying_z sand_n along_o with_o it_o that_o it_o in_o time_n can_v receive_v the_o sea_n so_o by_o degree_n the_o sea_n will_v recede_v from_o the_o shore_n of_o that_o bay_n therefore_o the_o mediterranean_a the_o baltic_a the_o red_a persian_a and_o other_o sea_n that_o be_v bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n will_v cease_v in_o time_n to_o be_v sea_n and_o will_v be_v change_v into_o land_n which_o shall_v be_v full_o prove_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n ix_o the_o ocean_n for_o sake_v some_o shore_n or_o coast_n so_o that_o it_o become_v land_n where_o the_o ocean_n former_o be_v shore_n where_o the_o ocean_n former_o be_v be_v now_o land_n by_o its_o forsake_v the_o shore_n that_o happen_v for_o these_o cause_n 1._o if_o that_o the_o force_n of_o water_n be_v break_v at_o the_o shore_n by_o rock_n here_o and_o there_o on_o the_o coast_n or_o cliff_n in_o the_o sea_n for_o that_o
force_n be_v break_v the_o terrestrial_a part_n of_o the_o water_n subside_o and_o sink_v and_o augment_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o bank_n of_o sand_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o impetus_fw-la of_o the_o ocean_n be_v more_o and_o more_o break_a and_o therefore_o more_o terrestrial_a matter_n subside_v so_o that_o the_o ridge_n be_v augment_v they_o exclude_v the_o ocean_n or_o make_v the_o channel_n more_o shallow_a 2._o it_o conduce_v much_o to_o the_o augmentation_n of_o the_o shore_n if_o that_o the_o shore_n be_v sandy_a and_o stony_a that_o the_o ocean_n run_v by_o can_v separate_v or_o take_v away_o little_a with_o it_o so_o that_o when_o it_o can_v take_v away_o nothing_o it_o always_o leave_v some_o particle_n that_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n the_o shore_n become_v more_o high_a and_o force_n or_o stop_v the_o ocean_n from_o its_o accustom_a place_n 3._o if_o that_o another_o adjacent_a shore_n have_v less_o solid_a earth_n that_o be_v light_a and_o full_a of_o cavern_n for_o the_o ocean_n carry_v the_o dissolve_a and_o break_a part_n of_o earth_n to_o the_o vicine_fw-la shore_n 4._o if_o that_o great_a river_n discharge_v themselves_o by_o the_o shore_n into_o that_o sea_n for_o these_o river_n carry_v with_o they_o much_o sand_n and_o mud_n or_o gravel_n when_o that_o they_o arrive_v to_o the_o mouth_n and_o shore_n where_o they_o endeavour_v to_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n they_o leave_v it_o partly_o because_o the_o channel_n be_v there_o more_o broad_a and_o partly_o because_o that_o the_o sea_n resist_v the_o flux_n of_o they_o and_o this_o be_v chief_o observe_v in_o region_n which_o river_n overflow_v every_o year_n 5._o if_o that_o frequent_a wind_n blow_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o shore_n be_v rocky_a and_o firm_a not_o sandy_a 6._o if_o that_o the_o flux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v swift_a and_o vehement_a and_o the_o reflux_n slow_a and_o gentle_a for_o the_o gentle_a reflux_n take_v not_o away_o the_o matter_n that_o the_o swift_a flux_n bring_v but_o suffer_v it_o to_o sink_v if_o that_o the_o shore_n descend_v oblique_o into_o the_o sea_n for_o a_o long_a space_n and_o bend_v not_o down_o direct_o and_o perpendicular_o for_o so_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n decrease_v and_o leave_v the_o matter_n behind_o nile_n the_o land_n of_o egypt_n cause_v by_o the_o nile_n there_o be_v many_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o it_o be_v evident_a be_v former_o take_v up_o by_o the_o ocean_n where_o egypt_n be_v in_o time_n past_o be_v the_o sea_n as_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o by_o experience_n at_o this_o day_n for_o the_o nile_n flow_v from_o the_o remote_a region_n of_o aethiopia_n and_o every_o year_n enter_v the_o channel_n where_o it_o swell_v it_o expand_v itself_o through_o all_o egypt_n where_o when_o the_o force_n of_o the_o river_n cease_v the_o mud_n sink_v and_o also_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n which_o the_o swift_a course_n of_o the_o river_n bring_v in_o and_o so_o egypt_n become_v high_a and_o before_o that_o so_o much_o matter_n be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o nile_n than_o the_o sea_n cover_v the_o land_n of_o egypt_n but_o now_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o admit_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o height_n of_o this_o aristotle_n and_o other_o be_v witness_n his_o word_n be_v these_o this_o place_n and_o the_o whole_a region_n of_o egypt_n which_o be_v only_o make_v by_o the_o river_n seem_v always_o to_o become_v more_o dry_a and_o because_o that_o the_o marsh_n by_o degree_n dry_v up_o the_o adjacent_a place_n begin_v to_o be_v inhabit_v the_o length_n of_o time_n obliterated_a the_o begin_n of_o it_o therefore_o all_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o nile_n except_o that_o of_o canopus_n seem_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n and_o not_o by_o the_o river_n moreover_o all_o egypt_n ancient_o consist_v of_o a_o city_n call_v thebes_n as_o be_v very_o manifest_a which_o homer_n also_o declare_v 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that_o they_o send_v forth_o a_o branch_n which_o they_o receive_v into_o themselves_o in_o another_o place_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o wolga_n tanais_n and_o other_o place_n that_o this_o be_v not_o do_v by_o nature_n but_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o question_v the_o river_n ob_fw-la do_v the_o same_o these_o two_o river_n rengo_n and_o coanza_n make_v the_o isle_n loanda_n situate_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n which_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n in_o that_o place_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o bring_v great_a store_n of_o mud_n and_o rubbish_n with_o they_o they_o fall_v with_o a_o exceed_a force_n from_o mountainous_a place_n so_o that_o they_o lest_o this_o and_o as_o yet_o the_o same_o in_o their_o inlet_n and_o so_o in_o course_n of_o time_n make_v the_o island_n landa_n first_o make_v a_o sand-bank_n now_o most_o fertile_a and_o likewise_o populous_a and_o so_o we_o suppose_v that_o many_o sand-bank_n former_o make_v the_o 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by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o winter-wind_n from_o may_n to_o september_n be_v so_o obstruct_v with_o congest_a heap_n of_o sand_n that_o they_o hardly_o afford_v a_o passage_n to_o small_a vessel_n so_o these_o heap_n of_o sand_n shut_v up_o the_o port_n of_o cocin_n on_o those_o month_n so_o that_o neither_o small_a nor_o great_a vessel_n can_v pass_v for_o a_o continual_a rain_n on_o the_o mountain_n gatis_n and_o a_o frequent_a ecnephias_n or_o impetuous_a wind_n from_o a_o cloud_n break_v forth_o with_o a_o abundance_n of_o water_n from_o the_o cloud_n which_o be_v behold_v to_o hang_v as_o it_o be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o gatis_n send_v forth_o such_o a_o abundance_n of_o water_n and_o with_o that_o violence_n that_o it_o carry_v much_o sand_n with_o it_o to_o the_o shore_n where_o the_o ocean_n resist_v which_o sand_n when_o that_o the_o winter_n end_v be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o ocean_n and_o the_o port_n be_v open_v there_o be_v some_o land_n so_o nigh_o the_o shore_n that_o the_o flux_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v make_v they_o island_n and_o in_o the_o reflux_n they_o be_v in_o appearance_n part_n of_o the_o continent_n and_o if_o that_o the_o interpose_a channel_n acquire_v a_o great_a altitude_n in_o progress_n of_o time_n at_o length_n the_o flux_n of_o water_n be_v exclude_v and_o the_o island_n become_v part_n of_o the_o continent_n without_o reciprocal_a mutation_n and_o also_o the_o nile_n overflow_a egypt_n every_o year_n cause_v the_o city_n and_o hill_n of_o egypt_n then_o to_o seem_v island_n so_o the_o river_n wolga_n do_v so_o increase_v in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n and_o june_n that_o it_o cover_v the_o sand_n and_o island_n and_o many_o of_o the_o isle_n that_o adjoyn_v unto_o india_n become_v sands_n in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n where_o that_o the_o nile_n and_o the_o ganges_n do_v overflow_v the_o region_n proposition_n xiii_o there_o be_v yet_o another_o mode_n beside_o the_o two_o already_o relate_v by_o which_o island_n have_v a_o 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the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n now_o if_o that_o such_o a_o sand_n or_o earth_n adhere_v less_o firm_a at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o may_v be_v separate_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o that_o it_o be_v little_o light_a than_o the_o water_n or_o almost_o of_o the_o same_o levity_n therefore_o it_o will_v ascend_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o sudden_o a_o island_n will_v seem_v to_o spring_v up_o or_o a_o spirit_n or_o wind_n include_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n without_o any_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o endeavour_v to_o break_v forth_o may_v send_v forth_o such_o a_o island_n above_o the_o water_n for_o great_a be_v the_o force_n of_o wind_n include_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o require_v a_o large_a space_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o
earthquake_n by_o which_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o sometime_o mountain_n be_v send_v forth_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o sometime_o swallow_v up_o the_o same_o be_v manifest_a from_o warlike_a mine_n where_o the_o wind_n break_v up_o great_a tower_n and_o wall_n and_o carry_v they_o into_o the_o air._n if_o that_o therefore_o such_o a_o island_n of_o a_o sudden_a spring_a in_o the_o sea_n adhere_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o must_v necessary_o say_v that_o it_o be_v force_v upward_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o some_o subterraneous_a wind_n as_o some_o write_v that_o mountain_n sometime_o be_v thrust_v forth_o of_o the_o earth_n but_o if_o that_o it_o no_o long_o adhere_v to_o the_o bottom_n as_o well_o the_o wind_n as_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n may_v separate_v it_o from_o the_o bottom_n so_o that_o at_o length_n by_o its_o own_o levity_n it_o be_v carry_v upward_o to_o the_o superficies_n proposition_n fourteen_o whence_o another_o doubt_n do_v arise_v viz._n whether_o that_o there_o be_v certain_a island_n that_o swim_v on_o the_o sea_n as_o thales_n suppose_v the_o whole_a earth_n to_o swim_v on_o the_o ocean_n for_o the_o opinion_n of_o thales_n it_o be_v sufficient_o refute_v see_v that_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v find_v continuous_a to_o the_o land_n but_o reason_n persuade_v we_o that_o there_o may_v be_v swim_v island_n if_o that_o the_o land_n be_v light_a and_o sulphureous_a seneca_n add_v experience_n for_o he_o say_v that_o he_o see_v the_o isle_n catylias_n swim_v which_o have_v tree_n and_o bring_v forth_o grass_n and_o herb_n that_o the_o water_n sustain_v it_o and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o drive_v hither_o and_o thither_o by_o the_o wind_n but_o also_o by_o the_o air_n and_o that_o it_o continue_v not_o in_o one_o station_n either_o by_o day_n or_o by_o night_n moreover_o there_o be_v another_o island_n in_o the_o lake_n vadimon_n another_o in_o the_o lake_n station_n so_o the_o ancient_n relate_v that_o delos_n and_o all_o the_o cyclades_n former_o swim_v in_o the_o sea_n neither_o may_v you_o object_v why_o do_v not_o those_o island_n swim_v at_o this_o day_n for_o unto_o this_o the_o answer_n be_v easy_a that_o such_o a_o swim_a can_v continue_v long_o for_o see_v that_o those_o island_n almost_o touch_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n whilst_o that_o they_o be_v move_v hither_o and_o thither_o they_o be_v carry_v more_o or_o less_o elevate_v to_o the_o sand_n or_o channel_n especial_o if_o that_o they_o come_v in_o the_o midst_n between_o two_o sand_n that_o motion_n be_v stop_v and_o other_o collect_v earth_n be_v unite_v with_o this_o sand-bank_n or_o channel_n and_o so_o of_o swim_v island_n they_o become_v firm_a in_o fondura_fw-it a_o country_n in_o america_n at_o this_o day_n be_v a_o lake_n in_o which_o be_v many_o hill_n which_o be_v move_v to_o and_o fro_o with_o the_o wind_n in_o the_o great_a lake_n of_o scotland_n call_v loumond_n be_v a_o isle_n that_o swime_v and_o be_v move_v about_o although_o that_o it_o be_v apt_a for_o pasturage_n as_o boetius_fw-la write_v hitherto_o we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o the_o acid_n part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v extant_a on_o the_o superficies_n we_o shall_v now_o consider_v how_o the_o ocean_n and_o water_n may_v change_v their_o place_n and_o possess_v new_a proposition_n xv._o rivers_n possess_v certain_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o they_o possess_v not_o before_o and_o that_o for_o divers_a reason_n before_o certain_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o river_n possess_v which_o they_o possess_v not_o before_o 1._o when_o that_o they_o first_o arise_v from_o their_o fountain_n and_o receive_v a_o channel_n either_o from_o nature_n or_o by_o art_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n 2._o if_o that_o a_o river_n make_v another_o channel_n for_o itself_o or_o send_v forth_o a_o branch_n from_o itself_o which_o be_v most_o common_o do_v by_o man_n viz._n that_o they_o may_v bring_v part_n of_o the_o river_n unto_o city_n or_o into_o another_o river_n example_n of_o which_o we_o have_v allege_v in_o the_o forecited_a chapter_n 3._o if_o that_o river_n more_o and_o more_o possess_v the_o bank_n in_o progress_n of_o time_n which_o happen_v 1._o if_o that_o the_o channel_n become_v high_a from_o the_o sink_v down_o of_o the_o earth_n or_o sand._n 2._o if_o that_o it_o eat_v off_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bank_n by_o its_o swift_a course_n 3._o if_o that_o it_o be_v augment_v by_o another_o river_n and_o by_o a_o abundance_n of_o rain_n or_o a_o exhydria_n or_o impetuous_a wind_n accompany_v with_o a_o mighty_a fall_n of_o water_n 4._o if_o that_o they_o overflow_v the_o earth_n which_o if_o not_o go_v back_o again_o but_o do_v more_o and_o more_o augment_v they_o become_v lake_n or_o if_o they_o return_v to_o their_o ancient_a channel_n the_o water_n be_v effuse_v into_o the_o field_n become_v a_o marsh_n if_o that_o there_o be_v great_a abundance_n of_o it_o corollary_n it_o be_v probable_a therefore_o then_o that_o there_o be_v a_o time_n in_o which_o those_o tract_n of_o land_n which_o now_o the_o rhine_n elbe_n and_o the_o nile_n possess_v as_o also_o other_o river_n be_v dry_a and_o possess_v by_o the_o earth_n proposition_n xvi_o lake_n marsh_n and_o standing-pool_n occupy_v part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o before_o they_o possess_v not_o not_o lake_n marsh_n and_o pool_n possess_v part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o former_o they_o do_v not_o 1._o when_o that_o they_o first_o spring_v up_o and_o be_v augment_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n 2._o if_o that_o abundance_n of_o rain_n fall_v 3._o if_o that_o river_n bring_v store_n of_o water_n with_o force_n into_o the_o lake_n 4._o if_o that_o the_o channel_n become_v more_o high_a 5._o if_o that_o the_o lake_n be_v agitate_a by_o often_o and_o more_o vehement_a flood_n by_o degree_n do_v more_o eat_v the_o bank_n and_o cover_v the_o land_n with_o water_n so_o the_o lake_n of_o harlem_n within_o thirty_o or_o forty_o year_n have_v extend_v beyond_o its_o former_a bank_n about_o the_o space_n of_o the_o twenty_o part_n of_o a_o mile_n corollary_n therefore_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o those_o tract_n of_o land_n which_o now_o the_o lake_n zaire_n lemanus_n parina_n harlem_n maeotis_n or_o the_o marsh_n of_o westphalia_n and_o all_o other_o former_o possess_v be_v dry_a land_n proposition_n xvii_o the_o ocean_n possess_v part_n of_o the_o land_n which_o former_o it_o do_v not_o possess_v possess_v land_n possess_v by_o the_o ocean_n which_o former_o it_o do_v not_o possess_v this_o happen_v after_o various_a manner_n 1._o when_o that_o break_n through_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o land_n it_o make_v streights_n and_o gulf_n as_o the_o mediterranean_a the_o arabian_a that_o of_o bengala_n camboja_n and_o such_o like_a so_o the_o straight_a between_o sicily_n and_o italy_n between_o geilan_n and_o india_n between_o greece_n and_o euboeja_n between_o manilla_fw-la and_o magellan_n and_o also_o the_o danish_a etc._n etc._n neither_o be_v it_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n be_v so_o generate_v and_o that_o america_n be_v so_o divide_v from_o the_o old_a world_n or_o at_o least_o from_o europe_n which_o some_o do_v the_o more_o easy_o embrace_v that_o they_o may_v thence_o only_o deduct_v the_o original_a of_o the_o american_n nation_n from_o adam_n indeed_o the_o egyptian_a priest_n relate_v unto_o solon_n about_o six_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o dialogue_n of_o plato_n term_v timon_n that_o there_o be_v former_o opposite_a to_o the_o herculean_a streight_n of_o gibraltar_n a_o isle_n big_a than_o asia_n and_o europe_n together_o call_v atlantis_n and_o that_o part_n of_o it_o afterward_o by_o a_o great_a earthquake_n and_o a_o great_a deluge_n of_o one_o day_n and_o one_o night_n be_v swallow_v up_o in_o the_o ocean_n from_o which_o narration_n we_o may_v collect_v that_o in_o former_a time_n among_o the_o egyptian_n there_o be_v a_o fame_n especial_o among_o those_o that_o be_v learned_a of_o the_o separation_n of_o america_n from_o our_o world_n make_v many_o age_n before_o but_o it_o be_v far_o more_o likely_a that_o the_o north_n part_n of_o america_n in_o which_o be_v new_a france_n new_a england_n canada_n and_o the_o like_a do_v in_o former_a age_n adhere_v to_o ireland_n the_o ancient_n write_v that_o the_o strait_n of_o gibraltar_n be_v dug_n through_o by_o hercules_n 2._o when_o with_o a_o violent_a wind_n the_o ocean_n be_v force_v and_o overflow_v the_o land_n by_o break_v through_o or_o over_o the_o bank_n that_o be_v make_v by_o nature_n and_o art_n there_o be_v
many_o example_n of_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o ocean_n as_o former_o in_o thessaly_n and_o not_o long_o since_o in_o friezland_n and_o holsatia_n 3._o when_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o penetrate_v the_o firm_a land_n and_o make_v island_n by_o this_o mode_n we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o former_a proposition_n that_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o that_o sea_n have_v its_o original_n which_o interflow_v between_o those_o innumerable_a oriental_a isle_n and_o that_o which_o flow_v between_o the_o maldivian_n isle_n and_o india_n and_o also_o between_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n and_o camboja_n 4._o when_o it_o by_o degree_n eat_v and_o consume_v the_o coast_n or_o shore_n and_o so_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n cover_v some_o part_n of_o the_o shore_n and_o of_o the_o adjacent_a land_n so_o the_o baltic_a sea_n invade_v the_o coast_n of_o pomerania_n and_o destroy_v the_o famous_a town_n or_o empory_n of_o vinetam_n so_o take_v away_o the_o island_n from_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n it_o let_v in_o itself_o between_o these_o isle_n and_o the_o continent_n so_o the_o german_a ocean_n have_v possess_v the_o shore_n of_o holland_n near_o the_o village_n of_o the_o catti_n in_o a_o great_a space_n of_o land_n so_o that_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o british_a tower_n formerly_z a_o fortress_n or_o castle_n of_o the_o roman_n now_o lie_v inconspicuous_a be_v cover_v with_o water_n far_o from_o the_o shore_n in_o the_o sea_n the_o ocean_n have_v take_v from_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o island_n of_o ceilan_n the_o space_n of_o 20_o mile_n so_o that_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v far_o lesser_a than_o it_o be_v and_o there_o be_v many_o more_o example_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n corollary_n from_o hence_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o now_o the_o ocean_n be_v in_o time_n past_a be_v land_n and_o again_o shall_v be_v land_n to_o wit_n if_o that_o we_o do_v suppose_v that_o the_o earth_n have_v continue_v so_o many_o thousand_o year_n and_o shall_v yet_o continue_v concern_v this_o argument_n you_o may_v consult_v aristotle_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o meteor_n and_o the_o twelve_o chapter_n and_o stevinus_n in_o his_o geography_n if_o that_o you_o demand_v how_o the_o ocean_n shall_v occupy_v the_o place_n of_o mountain_n that_o then_o the_o mountain_n shall_v not_o be_v cover_v by_o the_o sea_n but_o shall_v then_o become_v either_o rock_n or_o island_n other_o earth_n be_v force_v unto_o they_o that_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o example_n of_o many_o island_n yea_o almost_o of_o all_o because_o that_o experience_n testify_v that_o almost_o all_o isle_n have_v mountain_n in_o the_o midst_n as_o ceilan_n sumatra_n java_n furthermore_o some_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o mountain_n as_o st._n helena_n ascension_n the_o hesperides_n and_o the_o like_a see_v therefore_o that_o those_o place_n of_o the_o ocean_n in_o which_o those_o isle_n lie_v in_o age_n to_o come_v shall_v be_v or_o already_o have_v be_v land_n than_o indeed_o the_o mountain_n of_o these_o isle_n shall_v be_v mountain_n of_o the_o continent_n proposition_n xviii_o whether_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v become_v dry_a or_o land_n or_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v all_o liquid_a or_o cover_v with_o water_n that_o the_o most_o part_n shall_v be_v of_o a_o earthy_a superficies_n at_o one_o time_n more_o than_o at_o another_o or_o that_o more_o shall_v be_v cover_v with_o water_n water_n of_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n whether_o it_o may_v become_v all_o land_n or_o all_o water_n 1._o that_o sometime_o the_o land_n shall_v possess_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o at_o another_o also_o that_o which_o be_v a_o consequence_n to_o the_o former_a that_o water_n at_o one_o time_n shall_v possess_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n more_o than_o at_o another_o have_v be_v sufficient_o show_v in_o the_o second_o proposition_n of_o this_o chapter_n 2._o whether_o the_o water_n or_o ocean_n can_v cover_v the_o whole_a earth_n so_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o earth_n or_o island_n above_o it_o and_o so_o cause_v a_o universal_a stand_v unto_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o a_o mode_n may_v be_v conceive_v and_o explain_v by_o which_o it_o may_v natural_o be_v do_v but_o yet_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o compaction_n of_o the_o land_n and_o altitude_n of_o the_o mountain_n it_o be_v scarce_o probable_a that_o any_o such_o thing_n will_v be_v the_o mode_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v do_v be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o explain_v in_o the_o second_o proposition_n for_o if_o that_o the_o ocean_n continual_o eat_v the_o land_n from_o the_o shore_n and_o lay_v it_o down_o in_o the_o profound_a part_n of_o its_o channel_n and_o do_v this_o in_o a_o perpetual_a course_n of_o time_n than_o it_o shall_v take_v away_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o superficies_n or_o extant_a part_n and_o itself_o shall_v cover_v all_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o mountain_n shall_v either_o be_v make_v rock_n or_o shall_v by_o degree_n sink_v and_o fall_v their_o foundation_n be_v consume_v by_o the_o vehement_a force_n of_o the_o water_n but_o this_o may_v be_v do_v more_o easy_o if_o that_o we_o will_v follow_v their_o opinion_n who_o attribute_v a_o great_a height_n to_o the_o ocean_n than_o to_o the_o land_n but_o we_o have_v in_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n sufficient_o confute_v that_o opinion_n 3._o whether_o that_o the_o land_n can_v so_o occupy_v the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o all_o the_o water_n and_o the_o whole_a ocean_n may_v be_v contain_v in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o in_o the_o subterraneous_a passage_n and_o cover_v by_o the_o earth_n unto_o this_o i_o answer_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a and_o that_o a_o mode_n may_v be_v conceive_v by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v do_v but_o yet_o scarce_o ever_o shall_v be_v now_o there_o be_v only_o one_o mode_n to_o be_v conceive_v viz._n that_o if_o now_o there_o be_v or_o may_v be_v so_o many_o cavity_n within_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o earth_n within_o the_o which_o the_o ocean_n may_v be_v contain_v for_o neither_o have_v it_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o any_o as_o hitherto_o that_o such_o cavity_n be_v not_o in_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v do_v 1._o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o 2._o by_o subterraneous_a wind_n proposition_n xix_o why_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n no_o island_n be_v find_v and_o no_o abundancy_n of_o isle_n but_o most_o at_o great_a continent_n or_o great_a island_n ocean_n no_o isle_n find_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o doubt_v for_o experience_n manifest_o prove_v it_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o vast_a pacifick_n ocean_n between_o africa_n and_o brasilia_n beside_o the_o isle_n of_o sancta_fw-la helena_n and_o that_o of_o the_o ascension_n few_o be_v find_v but_o about_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o continent_n or_o in_o the_o ocean_n not_o far_o from_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o great_a continent_n all_o island_n be_v those_o few_o only_o except_v which_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o this_o may_v especial_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o those_o numerous_a one_o that_o we_o term_v troop_n of_o isle_n which_o be_v all_o near_a the_o continent_n the_o troop_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o aegean_a sea_n adjoin_v to_o europe_n and_o asia_n the_o hesperide_n to_o africa_n the_o maldivian_n isle_n to_o india_n as_o also_o all_o the_o indian_a isle_n between_o asia_n and_o the_o south_n continent_n only_o the_o flandrian_a isle_n or_o azore_n seem_v to_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o ocean_n between_o the_o old_a world_n and_o america_n although_o that_o they_o be_v more_o near_o to_o that_o than_o to_o this_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o phenomenon_n or_o situation_n of_o the_o island_n without_o doubt_n be_v that_o they_o have_v a_o be_v from_o the_o irruption_n of_o the_o ocean_n into_o the_o continent_n by_o which_o violence_n the_o land_n of_o the_o continent_n be_v separate_v but_o because_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o so_o great_a that_o it_o can_v cover_v all_o the_o land_n intercept_v thence_o here_o and_o there_o between_o the_o continent_n and_o at_o the_o continent_n troop_n of_o island_n do_v arise_v also_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o some_o of_o they_o be_v generate_v by_o another_o mode_n viz._n because_o the_o ocean_n can_v carry_v the_o land_n separate_v and_o cut_v off_o any_o long_a space_n with_o it_o but_o suffer_v they_o by_o degree_n to_o subside_v
not_o a_o long_a distance_n from_o the_o shore_n which_o subsidency_n or_o sink_v continue_v for_o many_o age_n at_o length_n cause_v isle_n therefore_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v few_o island_n 1._o because_o that_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o shore_n than_o that_o any_o of_o the_o eat_v off_o part_n shall_v be_v carry_v thither_o 2._o because_o that_o the_o commotion_n and_o force_n of_o the_o water_n be_v great_a there_o which_o move_v the_o earth_n of_o the_o channel_n or_o rather_o promote_v the_o depth_n than_o suffer_v island_n to_o be_v generate_v there_o 3._o because_o there_o be_v no_o continent_n there_o therefore_o neither_o can_v troop_n or_o heap_n of_o island_n be_v according_a to_o the_o first_o mode_n by_o which_o we_o have_v show_v such_o heap_n of_o isle_n to_o be_v produce_v yet_o in_o time_n past_a when_o that_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o where_o it_o be_v now_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a that_o such_o isle_n be_v here_o and_o by_o degree_n be_v swallow_v by_o the_o ocean_n of_o absolute_a geography_n sect_n v._o contain_v a_o explication_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o the_o wind_n in_o three_o chapter_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o air._n proposition_n i._o from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o well_o dry_a as_o moist_a or_o from_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n vapour_n and_o fume_n do_v continual_o exhale_v into_o that_o space_n which_o be_v about_o the_o earth_n the_o cause_n be_v twofold_a first_o the_o celestial_a heat_n of_o the_o star_n especial_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n fume_n of_o vapour_n and_o fume_n the_o other_o be_v a_o terrestrial_a heat_n or_o subterranean_a or_o rather_o terrestrial_a fire_n or_o which_o be_v admix_v with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o we_o see_v that_o almost_o all_o body_n the_o least_o fire_n be_v move_v towards_o they_o send_v forth_o a_o fume_n see_v therefore_o that_o both_o the_o celestial_a and_o terrestrial_a heat_n be_v naught_o else_o but_o a_o certain_a fire_n therefore_o it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o vapour_n and_o fume_n shall_v be_v advance_v by_o it_o from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v evidence_v à _fw-la priori_fw-la experience_n also_o confirm_v the_o same_o for_o those_o that_o travel_n in_o the_o night_n time_n especial_o when_o the_o moon_n shine_v and_o that_o towards_o the_o water_n discover_v many_o vapour_n to_o wander_v and_o be_v advance_v about_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n also_o it_o be_v vulgar_o know_v that_o in_o the_o day_n the_o sun_n do_v raise_v many_o vapour_n also_o when_o that_o a_o mist_n arise_v upward_o which_o be_v a_o certain_a token_n of_o rain_n to_o follow_v proposition_n ii_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v a_o space_n about_o the_o whole_a earth_n in_o which_o the_o exhalation_n raise_v from_o the_o earth_n be_v always_o present_a and_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o that_o anything_o or_o body_n 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proceed_v from_o dry_a body_n so_o shall_v ammoniac_a vanish_v into_o smoke_n fire_n be_v place_v under_o it_o this_o also_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o divers_a region_n a_o different_a air_n be_v discover_v also_o that_o it_o rain_v in_o one_o place_n and_o not_o in_o another_o proposition_n v._o the_o least_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n and_o those_o all_o insensible_a repel_v or_o reflect_v the_o ray_n as_o a_o looking-glass_n but_o some_o of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n be_v sensible_a and_o compound_v do_v transmit_v many_o ray_n but_o reflect_v few_o other_o on_o the_o contrary_a transmit_v few_o ray_n and_o reflect_v more_o therefore_o the_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v divide_v into_o those_o that_o be_v opac_n and_o pellucid_a atmosphere_n the_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n these_o be_v those_o that_o transmit_v many_o ray_n the_o former_a be_v those_o that_o transmit_v few_o therefore_o because_o that_o the_o least_o particle_n both_o water_n and_o earth_n 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the_o upper_a place_n they_o be_v more_o subtle_a and_o light_a hence_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o member_n of_o the_o former_a proposition_n be_v manifest_a now_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o latter_a member_n be_v that_o the_o part_n in_o the_o middle_a air_n easy_o counite_v again_o and_o so_o become_v thick_a for_o the_o hot_a or_o calid_a particle_n be_v carry_v up_o with_o they_o have_v forsake_v they_o and_o the_o ray_n refract_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o that_o middle_a region_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o distance_n have_v no_o force_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o after_o rain_n the_o middle_a air_n be_v more_o serene_a because_o the_o more_o thick_a part_n be_v separate_v proposition_n viii_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o air_n be_v heat_v possess_v more_o space_n than_o before_o now_o by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o destitute_a of_o heat_n by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o it_o contract_v itself_o and_o occupi_v the_o lesser_a space_n before_o the_o air_n be_v heat_v possess_v 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particle_n of_o the_o air_n leave_v to_o themselves_o unite_v again_o or_o be_v mutual_o complicate_v within_o themselves_o corollary_n therefore_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n or_o atmosphere_n be_v not_o constant_a but_o decrease_v and_o increase_v viz._n at_o noonday_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v great_a at_o midnight_n least_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n moderate_a as_o in_o proposition_n fourteen_o proposition_n ix_o to_o make_v a_o thermometer_n thermoscope_n or_o weatherglass_n by_o which_o we_o may_v discover_v the_o mutation_n of_o the_o air_n in_o heat_n and_o cold_a take_v a_o glass_n of_o a_o oblong_a and_o cylindrical_a neck_n with_o the_o spherical_a small_a head_n l_o h_n weatherglass_n how_o to_o make_v a_o thermomemeter_n or_o weatherglass_n let_v this_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o table_n or_o board_n m_o n_o p_o q_o the_o head_n be_v erect_v let_v a_o vessel_n with_o water_n be_v place_v under_o the_o orifice_n which_o be_v best_a to_o be_v colour_v so_o fill_v that_o part_n of_o the_o pipe_n or_o neck_n l_o f_o may_v be_v hide_v in_o it_o now_o let_v the_o time_n of_o the_o moderate_a constitution_n of_o the_o air_n or_o at_o that_o time_n at_o who_o temperature_n you_o will_v compare_v the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n of_o the_o other_o day_n and_o at_o that_o time_n let_v the_o water_n be_v pour_v into_o the_o vessel_n so_o it_o will_v happen_v that_o the_o air_n become_v more_o frigid_a scheme_n sec_n scheme_n the_o water_n will_v ascend_v upward_o beyond_o f_o because_o that_o the_o air_n be_v condensated_a with_o cold_a which_o before_o fill_v up_o the_o space_n f_o a_n now_o possess_v less_o space_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o air_n be_v render_v more_o hot_a the_o water_n will_v descend_v from_o f_o towards_o l_o because_o that_o the_o
air_n f_o h_n be_v rarify_v now_o require_v more_o space_n now_o you_o will_v find_v the_o degree_n of_o accretion_n and_o diminution_n of_o the_o heat_n and_o cold_a if_o that_o you_o divide_v the_o line_n f_o a_o on_o the_o table_n into_o certain_a part_n of_o number_n or_o without_o put_v a_o vessel_n under_o set_v the_o glass_n l_o h_n even_o at_o the_o extremity_n l_o have_v a_o globe_n with_o a_o little_a hole_n from_o the_o side_n and_o let_v this_o globular_a vessel_n be_v fill_v with_o air_n for_o so_o also_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n will_v be_v show_v by_o the_o ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n proposition_n x._o the_o serene_a air_n may_v be_v carry_v so_o by_o a_o most_o vehement_a fire_n that_o it_o may_v occupy_v a_o space_n 70_o time_n great_a than_o it_o do_v before_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o may_v be_v so_o condense_v in_o a_o windgun_n that_o it_o may_v only_o possess_v a_o 60_o part_n of_o the_o former_a space_n but_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n bring_v not_o so_o great_a a_o rarification_n or_o the_o cold_a so_o great_a a_o condensation_n to_o the_o air_n the_o same_o be_v prove_v from_o that_o that_o if_o you_o take_v a_o aeolopile_n and_o heat_n it_o with_o fire_n so_o that_o it_o may_v then_o contain_v 13_o ounce_n but_o the_o same_o be_v cold_a and_o return_v to_o its_o former_a natural_a estate_n it_o will_v contain_v 13_o ounce_n a_o dram_n and_o a_o half_a therefore_o the_o space_n that_o the_o air_n occupy_v whilst_o that_o it_o be_v hot_a be_v great_a than_o the_o space_n that_o the_o air_n possess_v when_o refrigerated_a that_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o space_n be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o aeolopile_n that_o receive_v half_o a_o dram_n of_o water_n if_o that_o the_o whole_a receive_v 13_o ounce_n with_o half_a a_o dram_n and_o the_o part_n of_o this_o aeolopile_n be_v almost_o the_o 70_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a space_n in_o the_o aeolopile_n therefore_o the_o air_n be_v hot_a have_v possess_v a_o space_n 70_o 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because_o the_o thick_a vapour_n be_v attenuate_v but_o because_o that_o they_o either_o sink_v down_o into_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o be_v force_v into_o other_o place_n by_o the_o wind_n proposition_n xii_o why_o oftentimes_o in_o the_o great_a cold_a of_o the_o winter_n the_o air_n be_v yet_o subtle_a and_o serene_a when_o that_o yet_o the_o cold_a condensate_v and_o contract_v the_o air_n winter_n the_o air_n subtle_a and_o serene_a in_o the_o great_a cold_a of_o the_o winter_n cold_n be_v twofold_a moderate_a or_o extreme_a moderate_a cold_a render_v not_o the_o air_n serene_a but_o cloudy_a by_o reason_n that_o vapour_n be_v elevate_v but_o not_o discuss_v by_o that_o little_a heat_n which_o be_v mix_v or_o adjoin_v to_o that_o cold_a but_o a_o extreme_a cold_a make_v the_o air_n serene_a for_o a_o twofold_a reason_n 1._o because_o it_o render_v the_o grosser_n vapour_n of_o the_o air_n more_o gross_a and_o so_o cause_v they_o to_o fall_v and_o make_v the_o air_n more_o subtle_a 2._o because_o that_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v shut_v and_o bind_v up_o and_o the_o vapour_n themselves_o can_v exhale_v and_o render_v the_o air_n turbid_v the_o sea_n itself_o indeed_o be_v not_o bind_v up_o with_o ice_n yet_o the_o particle_n be_v so_o condensated_a with_o ice_n that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o apt_a for_o exhalation_n although_o it_o send_v forth_o many_o for_o the_o condition_n of_o it_o and_o the_o earth_n be_v different_a proposition_n xiii_o why_o the_o air_n be_v behold_v at_o the_o horizontal_n line_n appear_v more_o thick_a and_o cloudy_a than_o that_o in_o which_o we_o be_v the_o cause_n be_v twofold_a 1._o because_o that_o the_o air_n about_o the_o horizon_n be_v indeed_o more_o cloudy_a the_o other_o be_v a_o fallacy_n or_o deception_n of_o the_o sight_n or_o judgement_n from_o our_o sight_n for_o the_o eye_n apprehend_v the_o distance_n of_o column_n place_v in_o a_o long_a order_n and_o series_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o judgement_n suppose_v the_o remote_a column_n to_o be_v conjoin_v so_o also_o it_o apprehend_v not_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o horizontal_n air_n but_o imagine_v they_o conjoin_v but_o the_o eye_n behold_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o elevate_a air_n under_o great_a angle_n and_o therefore_o better_a apprehend_v it_o the_o same_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o air_n which_o appear_v cloudy_a to_o we_o remove_v from_o it_o when_o we_o come_v to_o it_o or_o be_v in_o it_o seem_v less_o misty_a or_o cloudy_a proposition_n fourteen_o whether_o that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o air_n above_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o place_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n and_o whether_o its_o figure_n be_v spherical_a atmosphere_n of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n that_o the_o altitude_n be_v not_o the_o same_o but_o divers_a in_o sundry_a place_n seem_v to_o follow_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v only_o vertical_a to_o one_o place_n at_o one_o time_n and_o it_o send_v forth_o oblique_a ray_n and_o therefore_o more_o weak_a unto_o other_o place_n by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o sun_n and_o near_o to_o the_o pole_n therefore_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v very_o different_a to_o the_o elevate_n of_o the_o vapour_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v raise_v to_o different_a altitude_n to_o wit_n in_o a_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a his_o altitude_n be_v the_o great_a in_o the_o opposite_a place_n the_o lesser_a in_o the_o place_n about_o the_o pole_n moderate_a so_o that_o the_o air_n receive_v a_o oval_a figure_n but_o the_o contrary_n be_v more_o probable_a viz._n that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o place_n for_o although_o that_o the_o vapour_n and_o air_n be_v more_o elevate_v in_o some_o place_n than_o in_o other_o yet_o because_o that_o the_o air_n be_v fluid_a and_o tend_v by_o its_o gravity_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o more_o elevate_a part_n of_o the_o air_n press_v down_o the_o air_n place_v under_o it_o and_o this_o thrust_v down_o another_o more_o depress_v until_o all_o the_o part_n acquire_v the_o same_o altitude_n and_o after_o the_o same_o mode_n the_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o air_n shall_v be_v demonstrate_v as_o in_o the_o thirteen_o chapter_n we_o have_v prove_v with_o archimedes_n concern_v the_o water_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o same_o hypothesis_n be_v prevalent_a here_o which_o we_o there_o assume_v to_o wit_n that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n less_o press_v be_v expel_v by_o that_o which_o be_v more_o press_v for_o every_o part_n be_v press_v by_o the_o air_n that_o be_v above_o it_o wherefore_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spherical_a not_o oval_a as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o but_o if_o the_o forementioned_a hypothesis_n be_v not_o grant_v the_o demonstration_n fall_v des_fw-mi cartes_n also_o make_v the_o air_n oval_n in_o figure_n for_o a_o peculiar_a reason_n see_v chapter_n fourteen_o proposition_n xv._o condensation_n or_o rarefaction_n of_o air_n change_v not_o its_o altitude_n altitude_n condensation_n of_o air_n change_v not_o its_o altitude_n because_o that_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n be_v not_o condense_v but_o only_o some_o part_n and_o at_o all_o time_n some_o part_n be_v condense_v sometime_o these_o sometime_o those_o wherefore_o the_o condensation_n or_o rarefaction_n of_o one_o time_n do_v no_o more_o alterare_fw-la the_o air_n than_o the_o condensation_n or_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o first_o time_n there_o only_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o difference_n that_o at_o one_o time_n there_o may_v be_v a_o great_a condensation_n or_o rarefaction_n than_o at_o another_o but_o this_o
r_o l._n and_o let_v the_o sign_n m_o r_o l_o be_n also_o give_v and_o you_o shall_v find_v according_a to_o the_o former_a rule_n of_o the_o whole_a sinus_n m_o r_o t_o viz._n if_o that_o or_o if_o be_v equal_a to_o m_o and_z be_v n_z n_z that_o the_o sign_n shall_v be_v therefore_o we_o shall_v have_v the_o sign_n of_o four_o angle_n l_o f_o t_o n_z f_z t_n l_o r_o t_o m_o r_o t_o now_o we_o know_v these_o to_o be_v proportional_a therefore_o as_o the_o sign_n t_o f_o l_o shall_v be_v to_o the_o sign_n t_o f_o n_z so_o the_o sign_n t_o r_o l_o shall_v be_v to_o the_o sign_n t_o r_o m._n as_o a_o to_o so_o to_o and_o therefore_o as_o b_o to_z c_o so_o be_v have_v +_o db_fw-ge −_o d_o v_o bb_n −_o aa_n to_o g_o f_o +_o ma_fw-fr −_o v_o g_o g_o f_o f_o −_o nn_n aa_n and_o b_o g_o f_o +_o c_o d_o b_o −_o b_o m_o a_o +_o c_o h_o a_o +_o b_o u_fw-la g_o g_o f_o f_o −_o n_z n_z a_o a_o equal_a to_o +_o d_o v_o bb_n aa_o for_o take_v and_o for_o −_o b_o m_o a_o +_o c_o h_o a_o place_n q_o q_o a._n and_o equal_a 2_o v_o and_o the_o division_n be_v make_v by_o and_o other_o sign_n be_v substitute_v it_o shall_v be_v equal_a to_z and_o equal_a to_o so_o a_o division_n again_o be_v make_v by_o tt_z −_o ss_z and_o other_o sign_n be_v substitute_v it_o shall_v be_v equal_a for_o by_o this_o equation_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o problem_n be_v determine_v and_o this_o very_a letter_n a_o that_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n t_o f_o l_o may_v be_v find_v as_o well_o by_o geometry_n as_o by_o the_o arithmetical_a analysis_n of_o vieta_n or_o also_o more_o easy_o if_o that_o the_o equation_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o a_o lesser_a power_n by_o the_o division_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v collect_v that_o two_o refraction_n may_v suffice_v to_o find_v out_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n t_o f_o and_o the_o very_a rule_n of_o proportion_n which_o i_o therefore_o take_v notice_n of_o 65._o see_v kepler_n in_o his_o epitome_n of_o astronomy_n page_n 65._o because_o 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l_o r_o from_o t_o r_o t_o l_o t_o l_o r_o the_o angle_n t_o r_o l_o shall_v be_v find_v then_o let_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n t_o f_o l_o t_o f_o n_z t_o r_o l_o t_o r_o m_o be_v take_v also_o let_v a_o four_o part_n proportional_a be_v take_v at_o the_o sign_n t_o f_o l_o t_o f_o n_z t_o r_o l._n if_o that_o therefore_o the_o sign_n t_o r_o m_o be_v equal_a to_o this_o four_o proportional_a part_n than_o the_o assume_v magnitude_n or_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n t_o f_o shall_v be_v true_a and_o legitimate_a but_o if_o the_o sign_n t_o r_o m_o be_v great_a than_o that_o four_o proportional_a the_o lesser_a sign_n t_o f_o shall_v be_v take_v but_o if_o that_o the_o minor_a be_v great_a than_o the_o major_n must_v be_v take_v and_o this_o must_v be_v do_v so_o long_o until_o the_o sign_n t_o r_o m_o be_v find_v equal_a unto_o the_o four_o find_v out_o proportional_a part_n example_n let_v the_o spica_fw-la virgin_n or_o any_o other_o star_n or_o the_o sun_n be_v place_v to_o be_v behold_v in_o the_o horizon_n l_o f_o when_o that_o it_o be_v yet_o depress_v 40._o 32_o minute_n viz._n in_o s._n therefore_o the_o refraction_n n_o f_o l_o be_v 32._o then_o when_o that_o the_o same_o star_n or_o the_o sun_n have_v the_o altitude_n g_o x_o 1_o degree_n 22_o min._n or_o the_o true_a altitude_n g_o s_o 1_o deg_fw-la than_o the_o refraction_n l_o m_o r_o be_v find_v 22_o minute_n the_o semidiameter_n t_o l_o be_v 860_o german_a mile_n let_v we_o put_v it_o to_o be_v 1000_o and_o the_o altitude_n o_o f_z let_v we_o suppose_v to_o be_v of_o such_o part_n s_o viz._n 5_o 10000_o or_o 1_o 3000_o of_o the_o whole_a semidiameter_n t_o l_o that_o be_v 〈◊〉_d of_o about_o one_o mile_n therefore_o the_o whole_a assume_v sign_n in_o the_o triangle_n t_o l_o f_o 10000000._o as_o f_o t_n be_v to_o t_o l_o so_o be_v the_o sign_n t_o f_o l_o 2001-2000-10000000-9995992_a sign_n 88_o deg_fw-la 22_o min._n 40_o second_n therefore_o t_n f_z n_z be_v 88_o deg_fw-la 54_o min._n 40_o second_n who_o sign_n 9998200._o again_o in_o the_o triangle_n t_o r_o l._n as_o t_o r_o be_v to_o t_o l_o so_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n t_o l_o r_o to_o the_o sign_n t_o r_o l._n 2001-2000-9997155-999-2159_a sign_n 87_o deg_fw-la 43_o min._n 40_o second_n thorefore_o t_n r_o m_o be_v 88_o deg_fw-la 5._o min._n 40._o second_n who_o sign_n 9994500._o let_v the_o four_o proportional_a part_n now_o therefore_o be_v find_v at_o the_o sign_n t_o f_o l_o t_o f_o n_z t_o r_o l_o viz._n as_o to_o so_o be_v to_o 9994366._o with_o this_o four_o number_n let_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n t_o r_o m_o which_o be_v 9994500_o be_v compare_v therefore_o we_o find_v that_o this_o sign_n be_v almost_o equal_a to_o that_o four_o part_n and_o therefore_o the_o assume_v altitude_n of_o the_o air_n â—_o 8_o of_o one_o mile_n do_v not_o much_o differ_v from_o the_o true_a altitude_n but_o if_o that_o you_o desire_v to_o have_v it_o more_o accurate_o you_o may_v take_v another_o altitude_n and_o work_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n until_o the_o sign_n t_o r_o m_o be_v more_o equal_a to_o this_o four_o proportional_a part_n or_o else_o apply_v the_o rule_n of_o falsehood_n or_o from_o the_o defect_n of_o two_o position_n to_o collect_v the_o true_a altitude_n as_o far_o as_o you_o may_v for_o you_o can_v well_o find_v it_o altogether_o accurate_a because_o that_o sign_n in_o little_a number_n do_v very_o much_o vary_v although_o at_o least_o there_o be_v only_o the_o escape_n of_o half_a a_o minute_n moreover_o the_o canon_n of_o sign_n ought_v to_o be_v most_o accurate_a we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n be_v the_o 2000th_o part_n of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o semidiameter_n be_v 1633190_o perch_n therefore_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n be_v 816_o perch_n wherefore_o one_o perch_n contain_v 12_o rhindlandish_a mile_n but_o half_a a_o german_a mile_n be_v more_o true_o take_v because_o that_o the_o 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seneora_n the_o crown_n of_o our_o bless_a lady_n or_o virgin_n mary_n and_o these_o they_o account_v of_o as_o a_o most_o certain_a sign_n of_o the_o tempest_n to_o cease_v the_o cause_n of_o those_o fire_n be_v a_o sulphureous_a part_n full_a of_o bitumen_n force_v downward_o through_o that_o great_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n and_o force_v or_o fire_v into_o one_o by_o agitation_n or_o congregation_n so_o we_o see_v by_o agitation_n that_o the_o butter_n of_o milk_n be_v separate_v from_o this_o phaenomenon_n be_v also_o collect_v that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n those_o violent_a tempest_n proceed_v from_o a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n rarefy_v and_o move_v the_o cloud_n proposition_n xvi_o why_o there_o be_v so_o frequent_a a_o calm_a in_o the_o sea_n near_o guinee_n and_o under_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n between_o america_n and_o africa_n ocean_n frequent_a '_o calm_v in_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o phaenomenon_n about_o wind_n 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del_fw-it majo_n with_o the_o southern-motion_n in_o the_o end_n of_o august_n in_o 35_o degree_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o tristian_a de_fw-fr cunha_n in_o may_n in_o the_o new_a moon_n the_o west-wind_n rage_v and_o shipwreck_n but_o in_o 33_o degree_n of_o the_o same_o meridian_n the_o north_n and_o north-east_n wind_n predominate_v 8._o in_o june_n and_o july_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o china_n at_o pulon_n timor_fw-la the_o west-wind_n be_v violent_a and_o dangerous_a 9_o between_o china_n and_o japan_n many_o storm_n be_v from_o the_o new_a moon_n of_o july_n to_o the_o twelve_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n 10._o there_o if_o in_o june_n other_o wind_n blow_v beside_o the_o motion_n sometime_o from_o this_o sometime_o from_o that_o quarter_n until_o that_o they_o be_v settle_v in_o the_o north-east_n quarter_n of_o a_o certain_a a_o storm_n follow_v the_o second_o book_n of_o general_n geography_n concern_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n depend_v on_o the_o apparent_a motion_n of_o the_o star_n chap._n xxii_o of_o thing_n requisite_a to_o be_v foreknow_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o geography_n itherto_o we_o have_v be_v employ_v in_o a_o absolute_a contemplation_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o now_o draw_v near_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o doctrine_n in_o which_o we_o shall_v consider_v those_o property_n or_o affection_n which_o happen_v to_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o apparent_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n neither_o will_v they_o be_v except_o this_o motion_n be_v evident_a the_o explication_n of_o which_o affection_n will_v with_o great_a right_n appertain_v unto_o geography_n if_o so_o be_v that_o same_o motion_n be_v attribute_v unto_o the_o earth_n itself_o of_o which_o we_o have_v treat_v in_o the_o six_o chapter_n now_o for_o the_o right_a knowledge_n of_o these_o affection_n these_o follow_a hypothesis_n and_o definition_n be_v necessary_a to_o be_v understand_v definition_n glâ—be_n a_o artificial_a terrestrial_a globe_n term_v a_o factitious_a glâ—be_n first_o the_o artificial_a terrestrial_a globe_n be_v term_v a_o factitious_a globe_n from_o who_o superficies_n the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o their_o situation_n aâ—_n 〈◊〉_d present_v as_o they_o have_v a_o existence_n in_o the_o earth_n itself_o according_a â—o_o the_o proportion_n of_o this_o superficies_n to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n consist_v a_o map_n a_o plain_a figure_n and_o of_o what_o line_n it_o consist_v a_o map_n or_o geographical_a card_n be_v a_o plain_a figure_n in_o which_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a superficies_n be_v represent_v and_o this_o again_o be_v either_o universal_a or_o particular_a the_o first_o exhibit_v the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o some_o one_o or_o other_o region_n some_o map_n consist_v of_o strait_a line_n and_o other_o of_o crooked_a these_o of_o straight_o be_v such_o in_o which_o the_o periphery_n or_o circumference_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a circle_n be_v represent_v by_o right_a line_n the_o other_o in_o which_o the_o same_o periphery_n be_v exhibit_v by_o crooked_a line_n but_o as_o for_o the_o composure_n of_o a_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o geographical_a map_n we_o shall_v take_v a_o occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o in_o the_o end_n of_o our_o book_n by_o reason_n the_o same_o can_v be_v understand_v before_o the_o doctrine_n which_o we_o now_o handle_v be_v well_o apprehend_v earth_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n second_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v two_o point_n diametrical_o opposite_a in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o same_o which_o remain_v immovable_a in_o the_o diurnal_a circumrotation_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o which_o be_v subject_v unto_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o apparent_a quotidian_n motion_n of_o the_o star_n but_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o diameter_n conjoin_v the_o pole_n or_o thus_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v that_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n about_o which_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o star_n or_o earth_n itself_o be_v perfect_v now_o the_o pole_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o extreme_a point_n of_o the_o axis_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o that_o pole_n which_o be_v subject_v to_o the_o constellation_n term_v the_o bear_n be_v call_v the_o arctic_a septentrional_n or_o northern_a pole_n the_o other_o be_v call_v the_o antarctic_a or_o southern_a pole_n these_o be_v by_o more_o facility_n explain_v by_o a_o artificial_a terrestrial_a globe_n than_o by_o word_n if_o the_o former_a be_v wheel_v round_o those_o two_o immovable_a point_n will_v appear_v which_o be_v the_o pole_n and_o the_o diameter_n imaginarily_o draw_v from_o one_o pole_n to_o the_o other_o through_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v the_o axis_n line_n the_o aequator_fw-la or_o aequinoctial_a line_n three_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o periphery_a or_o circumference_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n in_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n equal_o distant_a from_o both_o the_o pole_n or_o place_v in_o the_o middle_n between_o the_o pole_n or_o who_o pole_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v also_o term_v the_o aequinoctial_a line_n and_o that_o by_o mariner_n all_o the_o star_n in_o their_o diurnal_a motion_n make_v periphery_n equidistant_a or_o parallel_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la wherefore_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v the_o rule_n of_o diurnal_a motion_n parallel_n parallel_n four_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v say_v to_o be_v lesser_a periphery_n which_o be_v parallel_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o a_o artificial_a globe_n the_o aequator_fw-la by_o reason_n of_o its_o magnitude_n be_v more_o conspicuous_a than_o the_o other_o and_o its_o name_n be_v ascribe_v and_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o 360_o degree_n the_o parallel_n be_v also_o conspicuous_a which_o be_v likewise_o term_v the_o circle_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o place_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n map_n of_o map_n these_o may_v also_o be_v show_v in_o geographical_a map_n that_o be_v universal_a indeed_o in_o map_n of_o right_a line_n the_o pole_n be_v not_o represent_v but_o the_o extremity_n of_o every_o meridian_n be_v the_o pole_n but_o in_o map_n consist_v of_o crooked_a line_n the_o pole_n be_v those_o point_n in_o which_o the_o crooked_a line_n do_v meet_v the_o aequator_fw-la be_v transverse_a in_o both_o kind_n of_o map_n pass_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o they_o and_o have_v a_o great_a latitude_n than_o the_o other_o line_n and_o withal_o it_o be_v a_o strait_a line_n although_o in_o the_o particular_a map_n of_o asia_n and_o europe_n it_o be_v make_v crooked_a the_o parallel_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o strait-lined_n map_n be_v strait-lâ—â—â—s_a and_o in_o crooked-lined_n map_n they_o be_v crooked_a ecliptic_a the_o ecliptic_a five_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o the_o sun_n describe_v in_o his_o annual_a motion_n in_o truth_n it_o exi_v not_o in_o the_o earth_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o notable_a use_n it_o be_v mark_v in_o the_o artificial_a globe_n as_o also_o in_o geographical_a map_n tropic_n the_o tropic_n six_o the_o tropic_n be_v two_o parallel_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la which_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la by_o so_o great_a a_o interval_n as_o the_o great_a recess_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n or_o as_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o obliquity_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n be_v that_o which_o be_v interpose_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o pole_n arctic_a the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n be_v that_o which_o be_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o southern_a pole_n circle_n the_o polary_a circle_n in_o the_o globe_n and_o in_o map_n they_o be_v wont_v to_o be_v note_v by_o a_o double_a periphery_n and_o the_o same_o appellation_n be_v ascribe_v the_o polary_a circle_n be_v two_o parallel_n so_o call_v whereof_o one_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o pole_n arctic_a the_o other_o from_o the_o antarctic_a so_o many_o degree_n as_o the_o sun_n be_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o his_o great_a recess_n and_o the_o first_o be_v term_v the_o arctic_a circle_n and_o the_o other_o the_o antarctic_a the_o circle_n hitherto_o explain_v do_v not_o depend_v on_o certain_a place_n such_o as_o the_o follow_a do_v which_o in_o divers_a place_n be_v various_a and_o different_a meridian_n the_o meridian_n seven_o the_o meridian_n of_o any_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o line_n so_o term_v which_o pass_v through_o that_o place_n in_o which_o when_o the_o sun_n come_v the_o meridies_n be_v in_o that_o place_n now_o the_o meridies_n be_v that_o moment_n of_o the_o day_n which_o be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o
sun_n theorem_fw-la the_o meridian_n of_o every_o place_n pass_v through_o both_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o meridian_n be_v draw_v through_o every_o ten_o degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la which_o be_v the_o meridian_n of_o all_o those_o place_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v but_o instead_o of_o the_o meridian_n of_o all_o other_o place_n that_o do_v supply_v the_o place_n which_o be_v make_v of_o brass_n and_o in_o which_o the_o globe_n do_v hang._n for_o instance_n if_o that_o any_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v bring_v unto_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n that_o shall_v be_v the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n in_o map_n of_o straight_a line_n the_o meridian_n be_v straight_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o top_n or_o uppermost_a part_n unto_o the_o bottom_n in_o map_n of_o crooked_a line_n they_o be_v those_o crooked_a line_n which_o join_v in_o the_o pole_n norizou_n the_o norizou_n sight_o the_o horizon_n of_o any_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o great_a imaginary_a circle_n in_o the_o heaven_n which_o terminate_v the_o visible_a part_n of_o the_o heaven_n in_o that_o place_n it_o be_v also_o term_v the_o rational_a horizon_n that_o it_o may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o visible_a horizon_n which_o be_v improper_o so_o call_v it_o have_v no_o place_n in_o the_o artificial_a globe_n but_o a_o wooden_a circle_n in_o which_o the_o globe_n be_v sustain_v with_o its_o brazen_a meridian_n and_o serve_v instead_o of_o the_o horizon_n of_o any_o place_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v term_v the_o wooden_a horizon_n and_o simple_o the_o horizon_n these_o be_v the_o definition_n who_o knowledge_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o attain_v the_o follow_a doctrine_n beside_o which_o it_o behove_v we_o to_o borrow_v from_o astronomy_n the_o mode_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n star_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n the_o first_o and_o common_a motion_n be_v that_o by_o which_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o all_o the_o star_n seem_v to_o be_v carry_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n to_o arise_v to_o we_o to_o make_v the_o meridian_n and_o to_o set_v and_o that_o in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o four_o hour_n every_o one_o of_o the_o star_n and_o the_o sun_n every_o day_n by_o this_o their_o common_a motion_n seem_v to_o deseribe_v parallel_n circle_n unto_o the_o aequator_fw-la because_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v perform_v upon_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o same_o and_o therefore_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v the_o great_a circle_n of_o this_o motion_n and_o the_o rule_n and_o square_n by_o which_o we_o measure_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o other_o parallel_n in_o every_o hour_n they_o pass_v fifteen_o degree_n through_o the_o meridian_n both_o of_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o every_o other_o parallel_n for_o 360_o degree_n divide_v by_o 24_o the_o hour_n give_v unto_o every_o hour_n fifteen_o and_o therefore_o one_o hour_n and_o fifteen_o degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la make_v a_o equal_a proportion_n the_o horary_a circle_n show_v the_o hour_n which_o circle_n be_v affix_v unto_o the_o artificial_a globe_n be_v see_v in_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n where_o the_o pin_n or_o hand_n adher_v to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o it_o be_v turn_v about_o in_o the_o horary_a circle_n to_o show_v the_o hour_n sun_n the_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n second_o the_o proper_a and_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v also_o annual_a be_v that_o in_o which_o the_o sun_n or_o rather_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v from_o west_n to_o east_n or_o contrary_a to_o its_o first_o motion_n the_o time_n or_o number_n of_o the_o day_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n return_v unto_o the_o same_o point_n from_o whence_o it_o depart_v or_o in_o which_o it_o perform_v its_o whole_a period_n or_o circle_n be_v term_v a_o year_n now_o such_o a_o year_n be_v 361_o day_n and_o one_o four_o part_n of_o a_o day_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o way_n of_o this_o second_o solary_a motion_n be_v term_v the_o ecliptic_a as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o which_o be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o part_n which_o be_v call_v sign_n for_o astronomer_n have_v observe_v these_o constellation_n of_o the_o heaven_n through_o which_o this_o way_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v lie_v and_o from_o these_o constellation_n denominate_v the_o twelve_o part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o because_o that_o all_o constellation_n represent_v the_o form_n of_o animal_n therefore_o the_o ancient_n term_v that_o way_n or_o ecliptic_a weaven_n the_o zodiac_n zone_n or_o girdle_n in_o the_o weaven_n the_o zodiac_n yet_o those_o which_o speak_v more_o distinct_o call_v the_o zodiac_n a_o zone_n or_o girdle_n in_o the_o heaven_n who_o middle_a be_v the_o very_a ecliptic_a itself_o or_o path_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o the_o extreme_a part_n from_o both_o side_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v distant_a from_o it_o eight_o degree_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v a_o certain_a peculiar_a motion_n from_o east_n to_o west_n in_o which_o motion_n they_o do_v not_o describe_v the_o ecliptic_a itself_o but_o path_n decline_v somewhat_o from_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o declination_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o exceed_v not_o 8_o degree_n therefore_o they_o do_v attribute_v 16_o degree_n of_o latitude_n unto_o the_o zodiac_n viz._n eight_o from_o both_o part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a so_o that_o the_o zodiac_n be_v that_o space_n of_o the_o heaven_n in_o which_o the_o planet_n be_v always_o move_v neither_o do_v they_o ever_o move_v out_o of_o it_o and_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v the_o middle_a line_n of_o the_o zodiac_n which_o the_o sun_n pass_v through_o by_o a_o annual_a motion_n in_o which_o it_o always_o keep_v its_o fix_a course_n moreover_o the_o sign_n or_o constellation_n of_o the_o heaven_n through_o which_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o the_o zodiac_n pass_v be_v these_o march_v 21._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr zodiac_n the_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n ♈_o ♉_o ♊_o aries_n taurus_n gemini_fw-la june_n 21._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr ♋_o ♌_o â™_o cancer_n leo_n virgo_fw-la september_n 21._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr ♎_o â™_o â™_o libra_n scorpius_n sagitarius_n december_n 21._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr ♑_o â™’_o ♓_o capricorn_n aquarius_n pisces_fw-la moreover_o the_o ecliptic_a oblique_o cut_v the_o aequator_fw-la ecliptic_a ecliptic_a so_o that_o its_o great_a distance_n be_v twenty_o three_o degree_n and_o about_o thirty_o minute_n where_o therefore_o the_o ecliptic_a cut_v the_o aequator_fw-la which_o he_o do_v in_o two_o point_n in_o one_o of_o these_o be_v place_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o also_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o account_v of_o the_o sigus_fw-la in_o those_o point_v the_o sun_n then_o be_v in_o cause_v the_o equality_n of_o the_o day_n and_o night_n in_o all_o place_n as_o also_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o vernal_a and_o autumnal_a quarter_n we_o begin_v to_o number_v from_o that_o point_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n make_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o spring_n to_o we_o that_o be_v we_o be_v situate_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n arctic_a the_o first_o sign_n or_o first_o twelve_o part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v term_v aries_n the_o second_o taurus_n the_o three_o gemini_fw-la and_o so_o forth_o as_o aforesaid_a because_o about_o twenty_o age_n past_a those_o sign_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v in_o these_o very_a part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a every_o one_o of_o these_o twelve_o sign_n be_v divide_v into_o thirty_o degree_n for_o the_o whole_a ecliptic_a have_v three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o degree_n which_o be_v divide_v by_o 12_o make_v 30._o moreover_o see_v that_o the_o sun_n pass_v over_o the_o whole_a ecliptic_a that_o be_v 360_o degree_n in_o 365_o day_n and_o one_o four_o part_n of_o a_o day_n hence_o we_o collect_v that_o in_o every_o day_n he_o pass_v 59_o minute_n and_o 8_o second_o which_o be_v something_o less_o than_o a_o degree_n sun_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n now_o as_o the_o sun_n in_o a_o year_n time_n or_o 12_o month_n run_v over_o the_o whole_a ecliptic_a or_o 12_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n so_o also_o in_o every_o month_n he_o pass_v about_o one_o sign_n but_o his_o entrance_n into_o the_o sign_n be_v not_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o month_n but_o on_o the_o 21th_o day_n of_o every_o month_n and_o this_o be_v according_a to_o the_o gregorian_a calendar_n and_o on_o the_o 11_o day_n of_o every_o month_n according_a to_o the_o old_a julian_n account_n viz._n on_o the_o 21th_o of_o march_n he_o enter_v the_o sign_n of_o aries_n or_o the_o very_a section_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a with_o the_o aequator_fw-la then_o on_o the_o 21th_o of_o april_n he_o enter_v taurus_n and_o so_o on_o now_o
this_o his_o entrance_n do_v not_o happen_v on_o the_o 21th_o of_o every_o month_n but_o in_o some_o month_n before_o and_o in_o some_o after_o therefore_o when_o we_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o precise_a place_n of_o the_o sun_n we_o must_v look_v for_o it_o in_o a_o ephemerides_n or_o in_o our_o almanac_n the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v find_v also_o in_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n for_o every_o day_n of_o the_o year_n when_o one_o may_v search_v when_o the_o globe_n be_v at_o hand_n for_o it_o be_v a_o grand_a fault_n in_o a_o learned_a or_o know_a person_n to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n see_v that_o from_o thence_o all_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n also_o the_o day_n and_o night_n with_o many_o other_o thing_n do_v depend_v of_o all_o which_o there_o be_v great_a use_n in_o the_o life_n of_o man_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o latitude_n of_o place_n and_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n proposition_n i._o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o same_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la earth_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n or_o arch_n draw_v from_o the_o place_n give_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la measure_v this_o distance_n and_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o meridian_n of_o every_o place_n be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o aequator_fw-la therefore_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n be_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o that_o place_n intercept_v between_o the_o place_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la earth_n the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o be_v term_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o extension_n be_v in_o the_o superficies_n from_o one_o pole_n to_o the_o other_o as_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o extension_n of_o the_o same_o return_v from_o the_o west_n by_o the_o east_n unto_o the_o west_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o aequinoctial_a line_n proposition_n ii_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o any_o place_n or_o above_o the_o horizon_n of_o any_o place_n be_v call_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o celestial_a meridian_n of_o that_o place_n intercept_v between_o one_o or_o other_o celestial_a pole_n and_o the_o horizon_n of_o that_o place_n pole_n elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n it_o may_v also_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a meridian_n intercept_v between_o one_o or_o other_o of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o horizon_n for_o by_o this_o mode_n it_o may_v be_v more_o just_o desire_v if_o that_o the_o earth_n cause_n the_o first_o motion_n but_o astronomer_n for_o the_o most_o part_n apply_v the_o definition_n to_o the_o imaginary_a celestial_a pole_n proposition_n iii_o to_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n give_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o degree_n and_o minute_n if_o that_o the_o globe_n be_v great_a the_o same_o latitude_n in_o geographical_a map_n map_n for_o the_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n by_o a_o globe_n or_o by_o map_n in_o a_o globe_n let_v the_o place_n give_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o degree_n be_v number_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o the_o place_n they_o shall_v be_v the_o seek_v for_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n in_o geographical_a map_n if_o the_o map_n consist_v of_o right_a line_n let_v a_o right_a line_n be_v draw_v through_o the_o place_n give_v parallel_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la except_o it_o be_v already_o draw_v in_o the_o map_n or_o let_v a_o rule_n only_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o place_n so_o that_o it_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o so_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o line_n in_o the_o side-line_n of_o the_o map_n will_v show_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n but_o if_o the_o map_n be_v of_o crooked_a line_n so_o that_o no_o parallel_n can_v pass_v through_o by_o the_o place_n give_v one_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o map_n and_o the_o other_o foot_n in_o the_o place_n give_v and_o in_o this_o space_n the_o parallel_n of_o the_o place_n to_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o side-line_n again_o will_v show_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n if_o that_o the_o parallel_n be_v describe_v from_o the_o pole_n also_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o pole_n may_v be_v find_v out_o proposition_n iu._n the_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n so_o to_o constitute_v the_o globe_n that_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n may_v be_v the_o horizon_n of_o that_o place_n let_v the_o place_n give_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v 90_o degree_n be_v number_v from_o it_o towards_o the_o adjoin_a pole_n in_o the_o meridian_n let_v the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n be_v place_v in_o the_o crena_n of_o the_o horizon_n so_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n shall_v be_v the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n propose_v nevertheless_o in_o the_o corollary_n of_o the_o follow_a proposition_n we_o shall_v show_v a_o easy_a method_n of_o perform_v the_o fame_n proposition_n v._o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o altitude_n or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o that_o place_n this_o be_v show_v by_o the_o globe_n thus_o take_v a_o place_n as_o you_o please_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n then_o so_o place_v the_o globe_n that_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n may_v be_v the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n now_o let_v the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v number_v and_o they_o will_v be_v find_v equal_a scheme_n the_o theory_v show_v by_o a_o mathematical_a demonstration_n see_v scheme_n the_o theorem_fw-la be_v thus_o show_v by_o a_o mathematical_a demonstration_n let_v c_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n l_o and_z place_n in_o the_o superficies_n p_o the_o pole_n h_n p_o l_o z_o shall_v be_v the_o meridian_n and_o h_n z_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o horizon_n p_o h_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n qui_fw-fr t_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o the_o section_n of_o the_o meridian_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o p_o q_n shall_v be_v the_o quadrant_n of_o the_o meridian_n or_o of_o 90_o degree_n because_o that_o p_o be_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la for_o the_o former_a reason_n l_o h_n shall_v be_v the_o arch_n of_o 90_o degree_n because_o l_o be_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o horizon_n therefore_o l_o h_n be_v the_o arch_n of_o a_o equal_a arch_n p_o qui_fw-fr and_o the_o common_a part_n l_o p_o being_n take_v away_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o arch_n p_o h_o l_o q_o will_v be_v equal_a the_o latitude_n of_o any_o place_n be_v know_v you_o have_v also_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n for_o the_o same_o place_n now_o the_o distance_n of_o a_o place_n from_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la join_v together_o make_v 90_o degree_n wherefore_o one_o be_v know_v the_o other_o be_v also_o a_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n to_o elevate_v the_o pole_n so_o that_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o place_n require_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n this_o be_v the_o same_o with_o what_o be_v propound_v in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n viz._n to_o cause_n that_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n become_v the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n give_v first_o find_v out_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n and_o let_v the_o latitude_n be_v number_v from_o the_o pole_n in_o the_o meridian_n descend_v downward_o towards_o the_o horizon_n let_v the_o terminus_n of_o the_o numeration_n be_v constitute_v in_o the_o crena_n of_o the_o horizon_n so_o the_o pole_n will_v be_v elevate_v as_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n give_v require_v proposition_n vi_o a_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n or_o the_o latitude_n of_o any_o place_n be_v give_v to_o show_v all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o may_v have_v the_o same_o latitude_n or_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o to_o find_v all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o may_v have_v the_o distance_n give_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la place_n further_a rule_n to_o be_v observe_v concern_v the_o latitude_n of_o place_n in_o the_o globe_n let_v the_o place_n give_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n or_o let_v the_o latitude_n give_v be_v number_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o the_o meridian_n towards_o the_o pole_n then_o let_v a_o point_a chalk_n be_v apply_v unto_o the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n and_o turn_v the_o globe_n round_o so_o the_o chalk_n will_v describe_v the_o periphery_n which_o shall_v
depart_v from_o the_o meridian_n for_o that_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n proposition_n x._o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n situate_v under_o the_o aequator_fw-la have_v no_o latitude_n or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n but_o both_o the_o pole_n lie_v in_o their_o horizon_n latitude_n the_o place_n under_o the_o aequator_fw-la have_v not_o latitude_n the_o place_n under_o the_o pole_n have_v the_o latitude_n of_o 90_o degree_n viz._n the_o pole_n in_o the_o vertex_fw-la and_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o the_o horizon_n the_o place_n between_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la have_v a_o less_o latitude_n than_o ninety_o degree_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v evident_a therefore_o it_o need_v no_o explication_n proposition_n xi_o if_o we_o be_v either_o on_o the_o sea_n or_o land_n and_o know_v not_o the_o place_n where_o we_o be_v let_v the_o latitude_n be_v find_v to_o exhibit_v that_o parallel_n in_o the_o globe_n that_o we_o may_v be_v certain_a that_o we_o be_v in_o one_o point_n of_o it_o this_o be_v do_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o six_o proposition_n viz._n a_o parallel_n must_v be_v describe_v at_o the_o give_v or_o observe_v latitude_n and_o this_o be_v the_o parallel_n demand_v the_o same_o be_v also_o easy_a in_o map_n chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o zone_n and_o the_o celestial_a appearance_n in_o the_o divers_a zone_n proposition_n i._o from_o the_o proper_a or_o annual_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n there_o arise_v a_o certain_a division_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o five_o part_n or_o zone_n scheme_n the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o 5_o zone_n see_v scheme_n see_v that_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o always_o continue_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o decline_v from_o it_o describe_v by_o his_o motion_n a_o path_n which_o cut_v the_o aequator_fw-la so_o that_o his_o great_a declination_n be_v in_o 23½_n degree_n as_o well_o towards_o the_o north_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la as_o towards_o the_o south_n in_o which_o declination_n he_o describe_v the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n thence_o it_o be_v that_o he_o be_v not_o perpetual_o vertical_a to_o the_o place_n lie_v under_o the_o aequator_fw-la neither_o do_v he_o always_o keep_v one_o distance_n from_o other_o place_n for_o sometime_o he_o be_v more_o nigh_o and_o sometime_o more_o remote_a from_o a_o certain_a place_n and_o various_o change_v heat_n cold_a rain_n and_o other_o condition_n of_o the_o season_n these_o which_o we_o have_v now_o speak_v of_o may_v be_v show_v as_o well_o on_o the_o globe_n as_o in_o map_n a_o zone_n be_v term_v a_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n include_v within_o the_o tropic_a and_o the_o polary_a circle_n what_o a_o zone_n what_o and_o because_o there_o be_v two_o tropic_n and_o two_o polary_a circle_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o there_o be_v five_o zone_n viz._n 1._o torrid_a 2._o temperate_a and_o 2._o frigid_a zone_n torrid_a zone_n the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n zone_n temperate_a zone_n the_o temperate_a zone_n which_o lie_v between_o one_o of_o the_o tropic_n and_o the_o adjacent_a polary_a circle_n the_o northern_o temperate_a zone_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o the_o arctic_a circle_n the_o southern_o temperate_a zone_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o antarctic_a circle_n zone_n frigid_a zone_n the_o frigid_a or_o cold_a zone_n be_v those_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v about_o the_o pole_n even_o to_o the_o polary_a circle_n and_o they_o be_v as_o well_o northern_o as_o southern_o cold_a circle_n proposition_n ii_o in_o the_o place_n according_a to_o their_o latitude_n in_o what_o zone_n they_o be_v in_o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o latitude_n 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the_o isle_n of_o the_o indian_a sea_n java_n ceilan_n peruvia_n mexico_n great_a part_n of_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n the_o island_n of_o st._n helena_n brazil_n new_a guinee_n through_o place_n which_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n pass_v through_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n pass_v through_o these_o place_n viz._n through_o the_o confine_n of_o lybia_n and_o other_o place_n in_o the_o inland_a africa_n through_o syena_n in_o aethiopia_n thence_o pass_v the_o red_a sea_n beyond_o the_o mountain_n sinai_n and_o mecca_n the_o birth-place_n of_o mahomet_n it_o pass_v through_o arabia_n felix_n hence_o it_o enter_v the_o indian_a ocean_n and_o touch_v the_o border_n of_o persia_n and_o pass_v over_o cambaja_n india_n and_o the_o border_n of_o china_n until_o it_o come_v into_o the_o pacifick_n sea_n which_o be_v pass_v over_o it_o fall_v in_o with_o california_n into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mexico_n and_o again_o enter_v into_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n pass_v the_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n 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and_o pacifick_n ocean_n in_o the_o southern_a temperate_a zone_n few_o place_n lie_v and_o those_o not_o full_o know_v with_o a_o large_a portion_n of_o the_o sea_n viz._n part_n of_o the_o prominent_a part_n of_o africa_n monomotapa_n a_o great_a part_n of_o terra_fw-la magellanica_fw-la part_n of_o brazil_n chili_n the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o atlantic_a indian_a and_o pacifick_n ocean_n through_o place_n which_o the_o arctic_a and_o antarctic_a polary_n circle_n pass_v through_o the_o arctic_a polary_n circle_n pass_v almost_o through_o the_o middle_n of_o izland_n through_o the_o upper_a norway_n the_o north_n sea_n lapland_n the_o bay_n of_o russia_n samojeda_n tartary_n america_n septentrionalis_n and_o groenland_n the_o antarctic_a polary_n circle_n pass_v through_o terra_fw-la magellanica_fw-la of_o which_o we_o have_v little_a or_o no_o knowledge_n at_o this_o day_n zone_n place_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o cold_a northern_a and_o southern_a
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circumrotation_n let_v the_o two_o point_n of_o this_o parallel_n in_o the_o horizon_n be_v note_v and_o it_o will_v be_v manifest_a that_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o parallel_n above_o the_o horizon_n be_v great_a or_o lesser_a than_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o parallel_n lie_v hide_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n and_o so_o the_o day_n or_o stay_v of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n will_v be_v great_a or_o lesser_a than_o beneath_o it_o or_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n bring_v to_o the_o oriental_a horizon_n let_v the_o index_n be_v place_v above_o the_o 12_o hour_n of_o the_o horary_a circle_n and_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v round_o until_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v come_v to_o the_o occidental_a horizon_n the_o index_n in_o the_o circle_n will_v show_v the_o number_n of_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n then_o let_v the_o index_n be_v bring_v back_o to_o 12_o and_o the_o globe_n turn_v round_o until_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n pass_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n 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this_o on_o the_o globe_n take_v what_o place_n you_o please_v and_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v according_a to_o its_o latitude_n then_o according_a to_o the_o precede_a proposition_n find_v out_o the_o number_n of_o the_o hour_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n than_o any_o other_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v take_v for_o any_o day_n of_o the_o year_n let_v the_o number_n of_o the_o hour_n again_o be_v find_v for_o that_o day_n and_o it_o will_v be_v manifest_a that_o the_o number_n of_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n be_v great_a than_o the_o number_n of_o the_o hour_n of_o another_o day_n and_o because_o this_o other_o day_n be_v take_v at_o pleasure_n and_o in_o every_o day_n the_o same_o demonstration_n be_v in_o force_n therefore_o the_o day_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n be_v the_o long_a of_o all_o day_n and_o consequent_o the_o 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decrease_v of_o the_o day_n in_o the_o northern_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n take_v any_o northern_a place_n you_o please_v in_o the_o globe_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o pole_n arctic_a and_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o that_o place_n then_o take_v two_o or_o more_o of_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o he_o between_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n he_o quantity_n of_o the_o day_n may_v be_v find_v for_o these_o point_n or_o for_o the_o sun_n then_o in_o those_o point_n and_o it_o will_v be_v manifest_a that_o the_o day_n from_o the_o day_n of_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n being_n more_o remote_a will_v be_v great_a than_o that_o day_n which_o be_v more_o near_o to_o the_o same_o day_n of_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n the_o same_o way_n we_o must_v use_v in_o the_o day_n situate_v between_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n and_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n and_o in_o place_n 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find_v at_o the_o day_n take_v and_o note_v in_o the_o ecliptic_a of_o the_o globe_n then_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o one_o place_n take_v and_o let_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o day_n and_o the_o night_n or_o the_o stay_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o or_o beneath_o the_o horizon_n in_o that_o place_n at_o the_o assume_v day_n be_v find_v by_o the_o six_o proposition_n of_o this_o chap._n then_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o other_o place_n and_o let_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o day_n and_o night_n or_o stay_v of_o the_o sun_n above_o or_o beneath_o the_o horizon_n be_v find_v at_o the_o same_o assume_v day_n let_v this_o longitude_n so_o find_v be_v compare_v with_o the_o other_o and_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n will_v be_v manifest_a so_o that_o the_o place_n more_o remote_a have_v all_o the_o day_n of_o one_o half_a year_n long_o than_o the_o place_n more_o nigh_o on_o 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the_o aequator_fw-la note_v what_o have_v be_v say_v and_o show_v concern_v the_o long_a day_n that_o be_v true_a of_o all_o the_o day_n of_o one_o half_a of_o the_o year_n and_o be_v demonstrate_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n if_o instead_o of_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n the_o parallel_n of_o the_o place_n be_v take_v and_o therefore_o although_o general_n must_v be_v deliver_v general_o yet_o because_o the_o doctrine_n of_o climate_n especial_o require_v the_o explication_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o long_a day_n therefore_o we_o do_v not_o observe_v in_o this_o doctrine_n that_o law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d proposition_n x._o if_o so_o many_o place_n or_o parallel_n be_v so_o take_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o
the_o pole_n that_o the_o long_a day_n of_o one_o place_n exceed_v the_o long_a day_n of_o the_o vicine_fw-la place_n which_o be_v more_o nigh_o the_o aequator_fw-la every_o where_n equal_a in_o excess_n or_o that_o the_o long_a day_n equal_o may_v increase_v pole_n of_o parallel_n between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o pole_n these_o parallel_n shall_v not_o equal_o be_v distant_a one_o from_o another_o viz_o every_o vicine_fw-la couple_n but_o these_o which_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la shall_v have_v a_o less_o distance_n than_o those_o more_o near_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v show_v from_o the_o precedent_n for_o if_o these_o parallel_n shall_v be_v equal_o distant_a from_o one_o another_o viz._n every_o two_o vicine_fw-la the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n in_o these_o parallel_n will_v not_o augment_v by_o a_o equal_a increase_n as_o we_o have_v here_o show_v and_o it_o be_v now_o lay_v down_o that_o the_o 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itself_o in_o the_o globe_n or_o to_o exhibit_v those_o place_n where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v so_o great_a cancer_n for_o the_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n etc._n etc._n the_o long_a day_n in_o all_o northern_a place_n be_v when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o the_o long_a day_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n let_v the_o index_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o 12_o hour_n of_o the_o horary_a cycle_n let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o the_o index_n show_v that_o hour_n of_o the_o cycle_n from_o which_o the_o give_a number_n of_o the_o long_a day_n be_v denominate_v and_o then_o let_v the_o point_n of_o the_o tropic_a in_o the_o meridian_n be_v note_v then_o let_v the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o oriental_a horizon_n and_o the_o meridian_n in_o the_o crena_n be_v so_o move_v to_o the_o pole_n elevate_v or_o depress_v until_o the_o other_o note_a point_n of_o the_o tropic_a 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more_o arise_v not_o place_n further_n concern_v the_o latitude_n of_o place_n let_v the_o number_n of_o the_o day_n be_v divide_v in_o half_a and_o let_v so_o many_o degree_n be_v number_v in_o the_o ecliptic_a from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n as_o that_o divide_a or_o half_a number_n be_v or_o as_o many_o unite_v as_o this_o have_v the_o numeration_n may_v be_v make_v from_o both_o part_n of_o this_o begin_n let_v the_o term_n be_v be_v note_v with_o chalk_n if_o the_o day_n be_v more_o than_o thirty_o the_o number_n of_o the_o degree_n must_v be_v take_v lesser_a than_o a_o unite_n then_o let_v this_o note_a point_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o degree_n interrupt_v between_o that_o and_o the_o pole_n be_v number_v for_o these_o be_v the_o seek_v for_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n wherein_o so_o many_o day_n as_o be_v give_v the_o sun_n set_v not_o and_o in_o so_o many_o day_n rise_v not_o you_o shall_v find_v the_o very_a place_n and_o parallel_n in_o the_o globe_n if_o that_o you_o number_v the_o find_v out_o latitude_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n in_o the_o meridian_n and_o design_v the_o parallel_n by_o chaulk_n apply_v to_o the_o term._n for_o this_o be_v that_o seek_v for_o and_o it_o contain_v all_o the_o place_n seek_v for_o for_o the_o demonstration_n of_o this_o solution_n let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n find_v out_o and_o it_o will_v be_v manifest_a that_o the_o note_a degree_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a about_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n set_v not_o beneath_o the_o horizon_n but_o remain_v above_o it_o the_o sun_n therefore_o pass_v over_o these_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a set_v not_o now_o he_o pass_v through_o these_o point_n in_o so_o many_o day_n as_o be_v give_v as_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o connstruction_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n we_o shall_v show_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o solution_n concern_v the_o day_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o arise_v at_o all_o in_o the_o place_n parallel_n find_v corollary_n it_o be_v easy_a therefore_o to_o find_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o those_o place_n or_o climate_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n where_o the_o long_a day_n increase_v not_o by_o hour_n but_o by_o a_o number_n of_o whole_a day_n proposition_n xiii_o to_o frame_v or_o compose_v a_o table_n of_o the_o climate_n climate_n of_o the_o make_n a_o table_n of_o the_o climate_n this_o be_v call_v a_o table_n of_o climate_n in_o which_o at_o the_o beginning_n middle_a and_o end_n of_o every_o climate_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o là titude_n of_o the_o parallel_n and_o the_o very_a quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n be_v find_v note_v as_o also_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o climate_n or_o distance_n of_o the_o parallel_n the_o construction_n be_v easy_a for_o from_o the_o order_n of_o the_o climate_n the_o quantity_n for_o the_o long_a day_n for_o the_o beginning_n middle_a or_o end_n of_o every_o climate_n be_v find_v by_o add_v ¼_n of_o a_o hour_n to_o twelve_o hour_n by_o a_o continual_a succession_n then_o from_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n of_o every_o parallel_n be_v find_v out_o the_o elevation_n or_o latitude_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o every_o one_o of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o xi_o proposition_n last_o you_o have_v the_o interval_n or_o latitude_n of_o the_o climate_n if_o you_o take_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o beginning_n parallel_n from_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o end_a parallel_n all_o these_o be_v note_v in_o the_o table_n we_o shall_v have_v a_o table_n of_o the_o climate_n which_o i_o have_v hereunto_o annex_v a_o table_n of_o the_o climate_n and_o parallel_n climate_n
parallel_n long_a day_n elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o interval_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr hour_n min._n deg_fw-la min._n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o first_o the_o begin_n middle_a end_n &_o begin_n of_o the_o 2._o 12_o 0_o 0_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 12_o 15_o 4_o 15_o 0_o 1_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 12_o 30_o 8_o 25_o 8_o 25_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 12_o 45_o 12_o 30_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o second_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 13_o 0_o 16_o 25_o 8_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 13_o 15_o 20_o 15_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o three_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 13_o 30_o 23_o 50_o 7_o 25_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 13_o 45_o 27_o 40_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o four_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 14_o 0_o 30_o 20_o 6_o 30_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 14_o 15_o 33_o 40_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o five_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 14_o 30_o 36_o 28_o 6_o 8_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 14_o 45_o 39_o 2_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o six_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 15_o 0_o 41_o 22_o 4_o 52_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 15_o 15_o 43_o 32_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o seven_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 15_o 30_o 45_o 29_o 4_o 7_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 15_o 45_o 47_o 20_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o eighth_z the_o middle_a the_o end_n 16_o 0_o 49_o 1_o 3_o 31_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 16_o 15_o 50_o 33_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o nine_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 16_o 30_o 51_o 58_o 2_o 7_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 16_o 45_o 53_o 17_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o ten_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 17_o 0_o 54_o 27_o 2_o 49_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 17_o 15_o 55_o 34_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o eleven_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 17_o 30_o 56_o 37_o 2_o 10_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 17_o 45_o 57_o 32_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o twelve_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 18_o 0_o 58_o 29_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 18_o 15_o 59_o 14_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o thirteen_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 18_o 30_o 59_o 58_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 18_o 45_o 60_o 40_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o fourteen_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 19_o 0_o 61_o 18_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 19_o 15_o 61_o 55_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o fifteen_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 19_o 30_o 62_o 25_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 19_o 45_o 62_o 54_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o sixteenth_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 20_o 0_o 63_o 22_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 20_o 15_o 64_o 40_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o seventeen_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 20_o 30_o 64_o 6_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 20_o 45_o 64_o 30_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o eighteen_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 21_o 0_o 65_o 49_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 21_o 15_o 65_o 6_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o nineteenth_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 21_o 30_o 65_o 21_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 21_o 45_o 65_o 35_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o twenty_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 22_o 0_o 65_o 47_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 22_o 15_o 66_o 57_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o 21_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 22_o 30_o 66_o 6_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 22_o 45_o 66_o 14_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o 22d_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 23_o 0_o 66_o 20_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 23_o 15_o 66_o 25_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o 23d_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 23_o 30_o 66_o 28_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 23_o 45_o 66_o 30_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o 24_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 24_o 0_o 66_o 31_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o climate_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v extend_v no_o further_o because_o that_o in_o the_o follow_a place_n the_o long_a day_n do_v not_o increase_v by_o hour_n but_o by_o whole_a day_n or_o diurnal_a revolution_n and_o it_o be_v lose_v labour_n to_o compute_v they_o notwithstanding_o the_o follow_a canon_n will_v show_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o long_a day_n increase_v by_o whole_a month_n month_n 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n deg_fw-la min._n deg_fw-la min._n deg_fw-la min._n deg_fw-la min._n deg_fw-la min._n deg_fw-la min._n  _fw-fr 67_o 20_o 69_o 30_o 73_o 20_o 78_o 20_o 84_o 0_o 90_o 0_o proposition_n fourteen_o to_o explain_v the_o method_n of_o other_o geographer_n in_o reckon_n of_o the_o climate_n and_o make_v the_o table_n of_o the_o climate_n geographer_n the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o climate_n by_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n the_o ancient_a geographer_n especial_o the_o grecian_n who_o suppose_v only_o a_o small_a portion_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v inhabit_v because_o that_o as_o well_o the_o place_n northern_o as_o those_o of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n they_o deny_v as_o impossible_a to_o be_v inhabit_v therefore_o they_o divide_v only_o that_o portion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o they_o know_v into_o climate_n and_o so_o only_o number_v seven_o climate_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n arctic_a and_o name_v they_o from_o some_o note_a place_n through_o which_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o climate_n pass_v viz._n the_o first_o climate_n they_o call_v the_o climate_n through_o meroe_n which_o be_v a_o island_n and_o city_n in_o africa_n encompass_v by_o the_o nile_n the_o second_o through_o syene_n a_o city_n of_o egypt_n the_o three_o through_o alexandria_n in_o egypt_n the_o four_o through_o the_o island_n of_o rhodes_n the_o five_o through_o the_o hellespont_n other_o through_o rome_n the_o six_o through_o borysthenes_n a_o famous_a river_n of_o the_o european_a sarmatia_n the_o seven_o through_o the_o riphaean_a mountain_n of_o sarmatia_n the_o ancient_n number_v not_o the_o other_o climate_n from_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o south_n because_o all_o those_o place_n be_v unknown_a to_o they_o and_o many_o thought_n that_o the_o sea_n possess_v all_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o see_v it_o seem_v somewhat_o improbable_a to_o the_o latter_a these_o also_o number_v the_o climate_n from_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o they_o name_v they_o not_o from_o any_o note_a place_n for_o they_o have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o any_o but_o by_o the_o same_o appellation_n with_o those_o of_o the_o northern_a only_o prepose_v the_o preposition_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o the_o climate_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o if_o you_o shall_v say_v the_o climate_n opposite_a to_o the_o climate_n through_o meroe_n or_o syene_n etc._n etc._n ancient_n other_o climate_n add_v by_o the_o ancient_n but_o when_o through_o progress_n of_o time_n they_o discover_v many_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n lie_v towards_o the_o south_n pole_n to_o be_v inhabit_v many_o more_o climate_n be_v number_v and_o constitute_v some_o name_v the_o eight_o clime_n from_o the_o palus_n maeotis_n the_o nine_o from_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o ten_o the_o eleven_o and_o the_o rest_n from_o other_o place_n which_o denomination_n although_o not_o necessary_a for_o the_o construction_n of_o a_o table_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v add_v unto_o our_o table_n in_o those_o areae_fw-la where_o we_o have_v place_v the_o number_n of_o the_o climate_n for_o so_o the_o climate_n will_v stick_v close_o in_o our_o memory_n as_o also_o the_o place_n in_o every_o climate_n and_o we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o better_a comparison_n between_o the_o difference_n of_o cold_a and_o heat_n but_o this_o be_v better_a to_o leave_v to_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o reader_n and_o to_o those_o that_o be_v studious_a than_o to_o add_v it_o to_o it_o that_o so_o we_o may_v afford_v they_o a_o great_a occasion_n of_o contemplate_v the_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n may_v more_o easy_o commit_v they_o to_o memory_n climate_n where_o the_o ancient_n begin_v the_o climate_n you_o must_v also_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o ancient_n do_v not_o begin_v the_o numeration_n of_o the_o climate_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la itself_o as_o our_o table_n do_v but_o from_o the_o place_n or_o parallel_n where_o the_o long_a day_n consist_v of_o 12¾_n hour_n and_o therefore_o their_o first_o climate_n be_v the_o second_o in_o our_o table_n their_o second_o our_o three_o and_o so_o on_o for_o they_o suppose_v those_o place_n which_o we_o ascribe_v to_o the_o first_o climate_n can_v not_o possible_o be_v inhabit_v by_o man_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o excessive_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n latitude_n the_o first_o climate_n of_o 9_o degree_n of_o latitude_n that_o therefore_o they_o judge_v it_o not_o meet_v to_o reckon_v those_o place_n but_o see_v that_o experience_n have_v demonstrate_v the_o contrary_a we_o will_v observe_v their_o mode_n of_o name_v and_o constitute_v of_o those_o climate_n ptolemy_n begin_v the_o first_o climate_n from_o the_o parallel_n where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v 12¼_n hour_n or_o where_o the_o latitude_n or_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v four_o degree_n 15_o minute_n the_o matter_n be_v of_o no_o
great_a concernment_n yet_o it_o be_v better_a to_o begin_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la that_o all_o the_o place_n may_v lie_v in_o some_o climate_n proposition_n xv._o to_o show_v the_o use_n of_o the_o table_n of_o the_o climate_n 1._o the_o latitude_n of_o some_o place_n or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v give_v to_o know_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n in_o that_o place_n and_o the_o climate_n in_o which_o it_o lie_v let_v the_o give_v elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v seek_v in_o the_o table_n and_o on_o the_o opposite_a region_n we_o shall_v find_v both_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n as_o also_o the_o climate_n and_o the_o parallel_n if_o that_o the_o give_v elevation_n can_v be_v find_v in_o the_o table_n then_o take_v that_o elevation_n which_o be_v less_o near_o or_o the_o like_a which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o table_n climate_n from_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o long_a day_n of_o any_o place_n to_o know_v the_o latude_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o parallel_n and_o climate_n 2._o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o long_a day_n of_o any_o place_n be_v give_v which_o any_o person_n have_v observe_v or_o receive_v by_o relation_n to_o know_v from_o thence_o the_o latitude_n of_o that_o place_n the_o parallel_n and_o the_o climate_n in_o which_o that_o place_n lie_v enter_v the_o table_n with_o the_o latitude_n give_v and_o you_o shall_v see_v on_o the_o opposite_a region_n both_o the_o latitude_n and_o the_o place_n demand_v as_o also_o the_o climate_n and_o parallel_n 3._o a_o climate_n be_v give_v to_o determine_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o long_a day_n and_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n this_o be_v facile_a from_o the_o very_a sight_n of_o the_o table_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o light_n heatt_z cold_a rains_n in_o the_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o zone_n and_o other_o property_n of_o the_o zone_n proposition_n i._o these_o cause_n be_v efficacious_a to_o generate_v and_o procure_v light_a heatt_z cold_a and_o rain_n with_o other_o meteor_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o vicine_fw-la air._n heat_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o heat_n 1._o the_o more_o or_o less_o or_o no_o obliquity_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o or_o emit_v on_o any_o place_n for_o the_o ray_n fall_v perpendicular_a on_o any_o place_n cause_n great_a heat_n and_o the_o other_o ray_n slide_v oblique_o have_v for_o that_o very_a reason_n a_o less_o power_n of_o heat_n by_o how_o much_o the_o obliquity_n of_o they_o be_v the_o great_a that_o be_v by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o they_o decline_v from_o the_o perpendicular_a ray._n 2._o the_o diurnal_a stay_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n for_o the_o same_o heat_n make_v more_o hot_a and_o change_v the_o air_n in_o a_o long_a time_n than_o in_o a_o short_a 3._o the_o depression_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n be_v more_o or_o less_o in_o the_o night_n season_n for_o this_o difference_n of_o depression_n cause_v that_o either_o more_o or_o less_o light_a be_v perceive_v in_o the_o air_n also_o more_o or_o less_o heat_n rain_n thick_a cloud_n hitherto_o belong_v the_o twilight_n 4._o the_o more_o or_o less_o elevation_n of_o the_o moon_n above_o the_o horizon_n the_o more_o or_o less_o depression_n of_o the_o same_o beneath_o the_o horizon_n the_o more_o or_o less_o diurnal_a stay_n of_o the_o same_o above_o the_o horizon_n the_o cause_n be_v the_o same_o with_o those_o allege_v in_o the_o three_o forego_v paragraph_n air._n the_o planet_n and_o fix_a star_n raise_v vapour_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o air._n 5._o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o fix_a star_n especial_o of_o those_o more_o note_a one_o and_o of_o the_o five_o other_o planet_n saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n venus_n and_o mercury_n for_o they_o generate_v some_o light_n and_o heat_n in_o the_o air_n although_o it_o be_v but_o little_a and_o change_v the_o air_n divers_a way_n and_o raise_v vapour_n if_o that_o we_o may_v credit_v astronomer_n 6._o the_o propriety_n or_o species_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o every_o place_n for_o where_o the_o earth_n be_v more_o stony_a and_o rocky_a there_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v more_o cold_a than_o where_o it_o be_v sulphureous_a and_o fat_a and_o here_o again_o it_o be_v more_o fertile_a where_o there_o be_v much_o sand_n and_o no_o river_n there_o be_v great_a heat_n lake_n fume_n and_o mist_n proceed_v from_o lake_n 7._o lake_n or_o the_o sea_n adjacent_a from_o thence_o also_o fume_n and_o mist_n be_v raise_v more_o moist_a and_o frequent_a in_o the_o air_n and_o the_o ray_n be_v less_o powerful_o reflect_v from_o the_o sea_n than_o from_o the_o earth_n 8._o the_o situation_n of_o place_n for_o the_o sun_n act_v otherwise_o on_o mountain_n and_o mountainous_a place_n than_o on_o valley_n and_o plain_n moreover_o mountain_n hinder_v the_o free_a access_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o subject_a place_n for_o to_o they_o the_o vapour_n of_o the_o air_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n attract_v 20._o see_v chap._n 20._o whence_o the_o mountain_n change_v the_o season_n of_o the_o adjacent_a place_n as_o heatt_z rain_n and_o the_o like_a for_o these_o will_v be_v otherwise_o in_o the_o subject_a place_n if_o that_o the_o mountain_n be_v absent_a weather_n the_o wind_n cause_n difference_n in_o the_o weather_n 9_o the_o wind_n especial_o the_o general_a so_o the_o etesian_a wind_n temperate_a and_o allay_v the_o canicular_a heat_n a_o general_a wind_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n especial_o the_o subsolan_n wind_n in_o brasilia_n render_v the_o heat_n temperate_a when_o in_o africa_n which_o be_v occidental_a the_o heat_n be_v vehement_a because_o these_o place_n feel_v not_o so_o general_a a_o wind._n the_o northern_a wind_n be_v cold_a and_o dry_a the_o southern_a warm_a and_o moist_a in_o our_o place_n 10._o cloud_n rain_n and_o fog_n take_v away_o and_o diminish_v light_a and_o heat_n i_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v not_o many_o cause_n of_o this_o variety_n in_o light_n and_o heat_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v observe_v in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o also_o in_o the_o same_o place_n but_o yet_o in_o a_o different_a time_n or_o season_n proposition_n ii_o how_o be_v the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n spring_n summer_n autumn_n and_o winter_n to_o be_v define_v year_n the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n although_o in_o science_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o contend_v and_o dispute_v concern_v definition_n yet_o because_o certain_a homonyme_n or_o likeness_n do_v here_o occur_v without_o the_o explication_n of_o which_o there_o will_v arise_v much_o confusion_n in_o the_o follow_a doctrine_n therefore_o i_o will_v so_o propose_v this_o question_n that_o you_o may_v the_o more_o cautious_o avoid_v this_o homonyme_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v deceive_v and_o entangle_v by_o the_o same_o the_o question_n comprehend_v two_o difficulty_n first_o whether_o these_o season_n ought_v to_o be_v 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their_o negligence_n and_o sloth_n yet_o in_o one_o itinerary_n i_o have_v read_v that_o in_o one_o of_o the_o island_n which_o lie_v not_o far_o from_o the_o promontory_n of_o cape_n verd_fw-mi by_o name_n salinae_n or_o the_o hesperides_n in_o one_o of_o they_o i_o say_v call_v st._n vincent_n the_o latitude_n be_v 16_o degree_n the_o watery_a month_n that_o be_v winter_n be_v august_n september_n november_n december_n january_n even_o to_o february_n this_o time_n almost_o agree_v with_o the_o celestial_a cause_n for_o in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n june_n and_o july_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v very_o near_o or_o else_o vertical_a to_o that_o place_n therefore_o it_o make_v the_o celestial_a summer_n and_o here_o the_o terrestrial_a agree_v with_o it_o for_o than_o they_o have_v a_o great_a heat_n and_o dry_a air_n without_o rain_n in_o the_o month_n of_o february_n march_n and_o april_n be_v their_o spring_n be-because_a the_o sun_n be_v move_v from_o a_o moderate_a distance_n to_o 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towards_o the_o south_n and_o extend_v themselves_o from_o the_o promontory_n of_o cape_n verd_fw-mi to_o the_o curvature_n or_o bend_a part_n of_o africa_n that_o be_v from_o the_o west_n to_o east_n these_o region_n be_v term_v by_o one_o name_n guiny_n although_o other_o attribute_v this_o term_n only_o to_o one_o part_n now_o they_o lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a northern_a zone_n 3.4_o and_o more_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o these_o region_n there_o be_v a_o continual_a heat_n of_o the_o air_n without_o any_o intervening_a cold_a yet_o they_o attribute_v some_o month_n to_o the_o summer_n and_o some_o to_o the_o winter_n i_o think_v the_o same_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o former_a western_a coast_n for_o in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o shore_n call_v sierra_n leon_n which_o be_v remove_v above_o 9_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o north_n as_o also_o in_o many_o tract_n of_o guiny_n they_o ascribe_v the_o month_n march_v april_n may_n june_n and_o july_n to_o winter_n especial_o the_o three_o first_o by_o reason_n that_o on_o these_o month_n there_o fall_v frequent_a and_o almost_o continual_a rain_n hot_a or_o warm_a great_a thunder_n and_o lightning_n and_o so_o great_a storm_n rage_n without_o violent_a wind_n that_o none_o can_v easy_o conceive_v they_o 21._o see_v chap._n 21._o who_o have_v not_o have_v experience_n of_o they_o how_o they_o rage_v i_o have_v already_o speak_v also_o in_o these_o month_n the_o field_n lie_v barren_a but_o when_o these_o stormy_a month_n be_v expire_v than_o they_o dig_v up_o the_o dry_a earth_n which_o have_v suck_v up_o the_o great_a rain_n in_o the_o say_v wet_a month_n and_o mix_v stamp_v and_o bruise_a coal_n instead_o of_o manure_v and_o so_o for_o the_o space_n of_o 10_o day_n suffer_v the_o earth_n to_o putrify_v and_o then_o they_o sow_v their_o seed_n there_o be_v here_o so_o great_a a_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n join_v with_o humidity_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o propinquity_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o the_o fish_n which_o be_v take_v stink_n if_o keep_v undress_v half_a a_o day_n therefore_o in_o these_o place_n the_o winter_n shall_v be_v in_o april_n may_n and_o june_n when_o the_o storm_n and_o rains_n rage_n the_o spring_n in_o july_n august_n and_o september_n the_o summer_n in_o october_n november_n and_o december_n and_o the_o autumn_n in_o january_n february_n and_o march_v where_o the_o rain_n and_o storm_n do_v begin_v now_o all_o these_o time_n of_o the_o season_n in_o those_o place_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o celestial_a cause_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n june_n and_o july_n great_a heat_n ought_v to_o be_v there_o because_o then_o the_o sun_n be_v then_o vertical_a or_o near_o the_o vertex_fw-la which_o the_o heat_n or_o warmness_n of_o the_o rain_n also_o
that_o in_o those_o month_n it_o rain_v not_o but_o almost_o every_o day_n the_o cloud_n appear_v so_o thick_a as_o if_o it_o will_v immediate_o rain_v but_o there_o fall_v only_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o dew_n and_o that_o especial_o in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n july_n and_o august_n yet_o this_o mist_n be_v not_o unwholesome_a but_o be_v condenfed_a into_o dew_n and_o fall_v it_o irrigate_v the_o valley_n it_o do_v not_o rain_n at_o this_o time_n in_o the_o mountainous_a place_n but_o be_v a_o serene_a season_n this_o maritime_a peru_n be_v distinguish_v into_o valley_n and_o sandy_a place_n the_o valley_n be_v abundant_o fertile_a the_o sandy_a place_n which_o be_v between_o every_o valley_n be_v sterile_a also_o in_o the_o adjacent_a island_n it_o never_o rain_v but_o a_o dew_n only_o fall_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o gorgon_n which_o be_v remove_v three_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o south_n it_o rain_v for_o eight_o month_n almost_o continual_o with_o so_o great_a thunder_n and_o storm_n not_o to_o be_v parallel_v in_o may_n june_n july_n and_o august_n it_o be_v summer_n and_o dry_a contrary_a to_o the_o celestial_a course_n in_o some_o part_n of_o this_o torrid_a zone_n it_o be_v very_o cold_a for_o in_o the_o province_n of_o pastoa_n in_o the_o valley_n airssina_n both_o in_o summer_n and_o winter_n the_o season_n be_v very_o cold_a so_o that_o the_o fruit_n increase_v not_o in_o the_o region_n of_o cusco_n which_o lie_v almost_o in_o the_o middle_n between_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la hard_a frost_n and_o snow_n be_v also_o find_v from_o whence_o it_o be_v collect_v that_o peru_n be_v parch_v with_o no_o violent_a heat_n but_o rather_o enjoy_v a_o temperate_a air_n throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n except_v its_o sandy_a place_n and_o hill_n but_o the_o valley_n be_v most_o fertile_a and_o pleasant_a abound_v with_o tree_n and_o fruit_n their_o water_n they_o receive_v in_o the_o winter_n from_o the_o dew_n which_o i_o have_v say_v fall_v every_o day_n but_o in_o the_o summer_n from_o the_o flood_n which_o descend_v and_o rush_v from_o the_o mountain_n because_o in_o the_o mountainous_a region_n it_o be_v then_o winter_n and_o rain_v and_o from_o these_o torrent_n the_o inhabitant_n conduct_v the_o water_n by_o certain_a convoyance_n into_o the_o valley_n yet_o some_o valley_n be_v content_a only_o with_o the_o dew_n and_o yet_o produce_v abundance_n of_o fruit._n the_o cause_n of_o this_o diversity_n between_o the_o season_n of_o the_o mountainous_a and_o the_o plain_a peru_n and_o why_o it_o never_o rain_v in_o the_o level_a peru_n be_v difficult_a to_o declare_v for_o these_o mountainous_a part_n be_v so_o near_o to_o the_o level_n maritime_a peru_n that_o any_o one_o in_o the_o morning_n descend_v from_o these_o pluvial_a and_o rage_a shower_n in_o the_o evening_n may_v arrive_v at_o the_o level_a peruvia_n where_o there_o be_v no_o rain_n but_o a_o serene_a air._n the_o cause_n 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which_o be_v separate_v from_o peru_n by_o high_a ridge_n of_o mountain_n and_o vast_a space_n although_o it_o be_v infest_a with_o a_o unwholesome_a west_n wind_n and_o a_o mediterranean_a gale_n at_o midnight_n yet_o it_o be_v every_o where_o encompass_v with_o mountain_n near_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v so_o drive_v from_o the_o matutine_v gale_n that_o it_o can_v hardly_o penetrate_v to_o the_o sh_n as_o in_o these_o most_o delectable_a and_o constant_a season_n of_o the_o year_n there_o be_v no_o great_a mutation_n so_o they_o happen_v in_o the_o day_n and_o night_n season_v more_o evident_o because_o the_o day_n and_o night_n be_v not_o more_o equal_a in_o space_n than_o different_a in_o heat_n and_o cold_a for_o the_o sun_n ascend_v high_a after_o it_o have_v open_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o man_n it_o hide_v itself_o more_o profound_o and_o that_o by_o a_o equal_a interval_n whence_o the_o great_a condensation_n of_o the_o air_n effect_n the_o more_o extreme_a rorifluous_a part_n of_o the_o night_n hence_o a_o penetrate_a cold_a from_o the_o three_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n even_o to_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n strike_v the_o body_n so_o that_o that_o this_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v very_o noxious_a to_o those_o that_o be_v new_a comer_n into_o the_o land_n which_o he_o that_o shun_v not_o will_v hardly_o lead_v a_o good_a life_n in_o these_o or_o other_o part_n of_o the_o indies_n the_o brazilian_o therefore_o very_o cautious_o keep_v a_o continual_a fire_n in_o their_o habitation_n and_o near_o their_o rest_a place_n by_o the_o benefit_n of_o which_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o endure_v cold_a and_o drive_v away_o venomous_a infect_v moreover_o the_o direct_a ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o sun_n cause_v the_o short_a crepusculas_fw-la and_o make_v the_o night_n so_o even_o to_o the_o day_n that_o a_o hour_n difference_n can_v hardly_o be_v find_v the_o cold_a be_v more_o in_o the_o summer_n night_n than_o in_o the_o winter_n which_o be_v to_o be_v admire_v at_o and_o it_o be_v more_o mild_o discover_v in_o the_o latter_a than_o in_o the_o former_a the_o air_n be_v tranquillous_a the_o beginning_n of_o the_o wet_a season_n be_v in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n or_o april_n and_o be_v finish_v in_o august_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n return_v from_o cancer_n in_o part_n dissolve_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o rain_n into_o wind_n whence_o immediate_o proceed_v storm_n and_o tempest_n which_o by_o and_o by_o the_o spring_n season_n calm_o compose_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o tropic_n know_v no_o mutation_n about_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o sun_n twice_o come_v towards_o and_o depart_v back_o as_o many_o suppose_a but_o only_o go_v away_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n or_o capricorn_n there_o be_v only_o two_o time_n of_o the_o year_n whereof_o one_o be_v dry_a and_o hot_a call_v summer_n the_o other_o hot_a and_o moist_a like_a to_o summer_n with_o we_o in_o europe_n which_o suppli_v the_o place_n of_o winter_n and_o this_o be_v find_v most_o true_a in_o all_o the_o indies_n between_o both_o tropic_n for_o although_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o the_o winter_n and_o summer_n season_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o particular_a incidence_n of_o the_o place_n and_o also_o for_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a vicinity_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la do_v not_o happen_v in_o the_o same_o yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o year_n be_v accomplish_v in_o about_o six_o month_n incline_v to_o humidity_n and_o six_o to_o siccity_n and_o on_o that_o account_n as_o in_o the_o place_n of_o many_o city_n of_o asia_n and_o africa_n of_o the_o same_o latitude_n with_o we_o there_o be_v thence_o a_o great_a remission_n of_o the_o heat_n our_o here_o be_v little_o perceive_v although_o the_o sun_n pass_v the_o zenith_n of_o
the_o brazilian_o in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n and_o february_n and_o strike_v the_o earth_n with_o reflex_n ray_n at_o most_o acute_a angle_n which_o diversity_n of_o these_o region_n promise_v the_o inhabitant_n perpetual_a health_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o often_o calm_v and_o the_o air_n quell_v all_o noxious_a heat_n hence_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o dollect_v that_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n do_v not_o so_o much_o depend_v immediate_o on_o the_o sun_n and_o his_o motion_n as_o on_o the_o species_n of_o the_o wind_n the_o diversity_n of_o aspect_n of_o the_o star_n the_o quality_n and_o peculiar_a situation_n of_o the_o region_n moreover_o in_o these_o mediterranean_a region_n towards_o the_o west_n the_o night_n be_v more_o cold_a than_o in_o the_o maritime_a so_o much_o some_o time_n that_o the_o frost_n seize_v on_o the_o very_a hair_n of_o the_o people_n in_o the_o same_o month_n from_o the_o east_n about_o the_o ocean_n be_v summer_n and_o siccity_n brazilia_n no_o 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pleasant_a hill_n there_o be_v no_o mountain_n of_o any_o great_a height_n in_o the_o coast_n but_o yet_o some_o be_v discover_v afar_o off_o in_o the_o solitude_n among_o the_o barren_a hill_n yet_o not_o every_o where_n but_o with_o some_o interval_n of_o miles_n the_o valley_n be_v interpose_v every_o one_o irrigate_v with_o some_o small_a river_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n be_v not_o only_o fertile_a in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n but_o also_o in_o those_o of_o the_o summer_n the_o hill_n in_o the_o summer_n month_n be_v sterile_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o that_o they_o wither_v and_o grass_n do_v not_o only_o die_v on_o they_o but_o sometime_o the_o tree_n also_o it_o very_o seldom_o rain_v throughout_o the_o whole_a day_n and_o night_n and_o for_o some_o continual_a day_n very_o seldom_o without_o intermission_n the_o pluvial_a month_n do_v a_o little_a differ_v in_o the_o year_n 1640._o as_o mariner_n have_v observe_v there_o be_v 7_o pluvial_a month_n viz_o february_n march_n april_n may_n june_n july_n and_o august_n but_o most_o and_o almost_o continual_o from_o april_n may_n and_o june_n in_o the_o year_n 1642._o the_o most_o pluvial_a month_n six_o viz._n march_n april_n may_n june_n july_n and_o august_n but_o the_o account_n of_o the_o other_o year_n be_v not_o much_o different_a now_o these_o observation_n be_v to_o be_v take_v only_o for_o one_o place_n and_o not_o for_o all_o the_o place_n in_o brazilia_n hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o summer_n and_o winter_n of_o brazilia_n answer_v to_o the_o celestial_a account_n see_v that_o in_o the_o great_a distance_n of_o the_o sun_n they_o have_v rain_n and_o in_o the_o least_o and_o moderate_a towards_o the_o south_n they_o have_v heat_n yet_o there_o be_v not_o a_o few_o irregularity_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v to_o be_v seek_v from_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o earth_n october_n the_o six_o rainy_a month_n be_v may_n june_n july_n august_n september_n and_o october_n 18._o this_o be_v enough_o for_o the_o southern_a america_n in_o the_o northern_a it_o be_v otherwise_o for_o in_o the_o province_n of_o nicaragua_n it_o rain_v for_o six_o month_n and_o the_o other_o six_o month_n it_o be_v summer_n and_o dry_a weather_n so_o that_o passenger_n may_v travel_v in_o the_o night_n this_o now_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o celestial_a course_n for_o in_o the_o wet_a month_n for_o in_o may_n june_n and_o so_o on_o to_o november_n the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a or_o near_o the_o vertex_fw-la unto_o these_o place_n so_o that_o then_o they_o shall_v have_v summer_n and_o siccity_n and_o not_o rain_v in_o november_n and_o december_n it_o be_v very_o distant_a therefore_o they_o shall_v there_o have_v rain_n thus_o have_v we_o declare_v the_o season_n of_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o the_o whole_a torrid_a zone_n from_o which_o be_v compare_v one_o with_o another_o we_o collect_v 1._o that_o in_o some_o place_n the_o cold_a be_v scarce_o sensible_a in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o year_n and_o therefore_o the_o winter_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v define_v by_o the_o rain_n than_o by_o cold_a in_o those_o place_n 2._o in_o some_o place_n the_o cold_a be_v sufficient_o sensible_a 3._o in_o the_o night_n time_n especial_o in_o the_o last_o quarter_n the_o air_n be_v discover_v to_o be_v very_o cold_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n 4._o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o least_o cause_n of_o the_o tolerable_a heat_n and_o that_o those_o region_n be_v inhabit_v viz._n that_o no_o day_n be_v there_o long_o but_o almost_o equal_a to_o the_o night_n for_o if_o the_o day_n be_v as_o long_o there_o the_o sun_n remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n as_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o temperate_a and_o frigid_a zone_n then_o doubtless_o they_o will_v be_v uninhabited_a 5._o that_o the_o wind_n do_v much_o diminish_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n 6._o that_o place_n which_o lie_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o climate_n have_v the_o summer_n and_o winter_n in_o divers_a time_n although_o they_o be_v very_o near_o to_o one_o another_o 7._o that_o those_o place_n which_o have_v siccity_n and_o humidity_n contrary_a to_o the_o access_n and_o recess_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v so_o situate_v that_o on_o the_o east_n they_o have_v ridge_n of_o mountain_n and_o that_o they_o regard_v the_o west_n peru_n except_v 8._o that_o the_o season_n observe_v no_o certain_a rule_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n 9_o that_o although_o most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n divide_v the_o year_n into_o two_o season_n which_o be_v likewise_o observe_v by_o many_o writer_n to_o wit_n a_o pluvial_a and_o dry_a season_n yet_o it_o may_v apt_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o so_o that_o they_o may_v not_o only_o have_v a_o summer_n and_o a_o winter_n but_o also_o a_o spring_n and_o a_o autumn_n for_o as_o in_o our_o part_n the_o spring_n approach_v near_o the_o nature_n of_o summer_n and_o the_o autumn_n of_o winter_n so_o also_o the_o dry_a place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n may_v be_v divide_v 10._o and_o last_o in_o some_o place_n there_o be_v a_o continual_a harvest_n in_o some_o only_o in_o two_o part_n of_o the_o year_n and_o in_o other_o only_o in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o year_n proposition_n xii_o to_o show_v how_o the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n be_v make_v etc._n etc._n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n zone_n of_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n in_o place_n lie_v in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n 1._o in_o these_o place_n that_o cause_n which_o we_o have_v place_v in_o the_o first_o place_n among_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o season_n in_o the_o first_o proposition_n of_o this_o chapter_n be_v so_o potent_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o cause_n that_o that_o
the_o air_n than_o it_o will_v do_v without_o this_o refraction_n we_o shall_v anon_o allege_v a_o example_n of_o the_o appearancy_n of_o the_o sun_n proceed_v from_o refraction_n 4._o the_o full_a moon_n and_o near_o the_o full_a remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o many_o day_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v depress_v beneath_o it_o viz._n for_o so_o many_o more_o day_n by_o how_o much_o that_o place_n be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o high_o elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n as_o to_o cause_v any_o warmness_n but_o the_o full_a moon_n in_o those_o month_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n in_o a_o whole_a revolution_n the_o full_a moon_n be_v never_o above_o the_o horizon_n horizon_n the_o planet_n not_o always_o the_o same_o above_o horizon_n 5._o the_o fix_a star_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o always_o above_o the_o horizon_n but_o not_o the_o planet_n for_o saturn_n remain_v 15_o year_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n and_z 15_o beneath_o the_o same_o jupiter_n 6_o year_n beneath_o and_o 6_o above_o the_o same_o horizon_n mars_n 1_o year_n venus_n and_o mercury_n about_o half_a a_o year_n from_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v likely_a that_o there_o be_v great_a diversity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n and_o season_n in_o divers_a year_n 6._o the_o land_n in_o most_o place_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v stony_a rocky_a and_o as_o hard_o as_o flint_n in_o few_o place_n chalky_a sulphureous_a and_o fat_a in_o these_o place_n there_o be_v a_o moderate_a fertility_n in_o the_o other_o a_o sterility_n 7._o those_o region_n be_v encompass_v with_o the_o sea_n but_o for_o the_o mediterranean_a we_o as_o yet_o have_v no_o certain_a account_n 8._o some_o of_o the_o region_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n have_v mountain_n of_o a_o moderate_a height_n but_o most_o want_v they_o run_v on_o a_o plain_a for_o a_o long_a space_n 9_o the_o cold_a wind_n there_o frequent_o blow_v from_o the_o polary_n plaga_fw-la seldom_o the_o east_n wind_n and_o least_o of_o all_o the_o west_n in_o the_o cold_a arctic_a plaga_fw-la the_o north_n wind_n rage_n in_o the_o antarctic_a the_o south_n 10._o cloud_n and_o rain_n frequent_o perplex_v these_o region_n from_o these_o cause_n it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o collect_v what_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o season_n in_o these_o region_n be_v for_o in_o the_o winter_n time_n when_o the_o sun_n rise_v not_o for_o whole_a day_n it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n thick_a cloud_n frost_n and_o cold_a must_v render_v the_o land_n uninhabitable_a they_o be_v not_o altogether_o deprive_v of_o light_n for_o that_o time_n for_o the_o moon_n be_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o a_o long_a time_n give_v light_a and_o the_o twilight_n be_v daily_o afford_v from_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o vicine_fw-la horizon_n but_o the_o snow_n the_o stick_n close_o about_o the_o earth_n which_o can_v be_v discuss_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o therefore_o hinder_v the_o aspect_n of_o remote_a thing_n there_o be_v no_o fertility_n but_o all_o barren_a and_o uncultivated_a for_o that_o which_o some_o suppose_v by_o how_o much_o any_o region_n be_v near_a to_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o less_o it_o feel_v the_o intenseness_n of_o the_o cold_a and_o the_o field_n be_v find_v more_o fertile_a seem_v not_o probable_a to_o i_o when_o neither_o in_o nova_n zembla_n which_o be_v distant_a 16_o degree_n from_o the_o pole_n nor_o in_o spitzbirga_n which_o be_v only_o 8_o degree_n distant_a such_o a_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v but_o a_o roughness_n and_o hardness_n and_o almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n snow_n or_o at_o least_o shower_n and_o very_o cold_a wind_n neither_o be_v their_o opinion_n help_v by_o one_o example_n observe_v by_o mariner_n in_o a_o certain_a region_n 9_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o pole_n which_o most_o man_n suppose_v to_o be_v groenland_n for_o in_o this_o green_a grass_n be_v find_v and_o a_o air_n more_o warm_a than_o in_o nova_n zembla_n as_o be_v most_o certain_a the_o only_a animal_n peculiar_a to_o these_o northern_a region_n venison_n rhinoceros_n a_o kind_n of_o venison_n be_v the_o rhinoceros_n and_o this_o in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o month_n become_v exceed_o fat_a by_o feed_v on_o this_o grass_n nevertheless_o see_v that_o as_o yet_o not_o many_o region_n be_v hitherto_o find_v of_o this_o temperature_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n it_o be_v not_o expedient_a for_o we_o from_o this_o single_a example_n to_o make_v a_o general_a conjecture_n especial_o see_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o peculiar_a constitution_n be_v manifest_a for_o that_o land_n be_v full_a of_o marsh_n and_o sedgey_a and_o the_o grass_n by_o which_o the_o rhinoceros_n or_o dear_a be_v tender_v so_o fat_a be_v not_o a_o kind_n of_o terrestrial_a grass_n but_o sedge_n and_o osier_n but_o other_o herb_n be_v not_o there_o find_v or_o any_o tree_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o that_o land_n contain_v some_o fat_a and_o sulphureous_a substance_n which_o be_v mix_v which_o the_o water_n produce_v such_o a_o oil_n and_o fatten_v sedge_n but_o that_o the_o like_a earth_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o be_v observe_v but_o rather_o the_o contrary_n therefore_o in_o the_o winter_n in_o these_o place_n be_v little_a light_n but_o a_o incredible_a and_o great_a violence_n of_o cold_a snow_n shower_n and_o polary_a wind_n and_o this_o winter_n begin_v in_o the_o northern_a frigid_a zone_n when_o the_o sun_n first_o enter_v capricorn_n although_o also_o the_o autumn_n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o libra_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o capricorn_n be_v little_o different_a from_o this_o violent_a winter_n the_o spring_n indeed_o be_v less_o infest_a with_o this_o violence_n of_o the_o air_n yet_o it_o be_v without_o snow_n shower_n and_o cold_a polary_a wind_n yet_o the_o increase_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o day_n or_o rather_o the_o decrease_n of_o cold_a be_v discover_v at_o that_o time_n viz._n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o aries_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o cancer_n and_o in_o this_o vernal_a season_n or_o in_o the_o latter_a day_n of_o it_o the_o sun_n continue_v above_o the_o horizon_n in_o entire_a revolution_n and_o therefore_o then_o there_o be_v discover_v a_o moderate_a heat_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o of_o that_o force_n as_o to_o melt_v and_o dissolve_v the_o snow_n of_o all_o those_o place_n into_o water_n much_o less_o be_v it_o able_a to_o melt_v the_o ice_n whence_o mariner_n report_v that_o here_o be_v to_o be_v find_v snow_n and_o ice_n of_o a_o perpetual_a duration_n then_o the_o summer_n shall_v be_v from_o the_o go_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o cancer_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o libra_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o which_o the_o sun_n yet_o remain_v for_o whole_a day_n above_o the_o horizon_n and_o augment_v the_o heat_n by_o some_o accession_n so_o that_o june_n july_n and_o august_n be_v month_n of_o a_o tolerable_a air._n in_o some_o place_n among_o the_o mountain_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v intense_a but_o the_o shower_n and_o cloud_n do_v much_o hinder_v this_o benignity_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o especial_o the_o most_o sharp_a northern_a wind_n unto_o which_o sometime_o snow_n be_v adjoin_v so_o that_o no_o fruit_n or_o corn_n can_v here_o arrive_v to_o any_o maturity_n except_o in_o some_o place_n near_o the_o arctic_a circle_n chap._n xxvii_o of_o the_o shadow_n which_o the_o body_n erect_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o illuminate_v by_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v and_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n arise_v from_o thence_o see_v that_o the_o shadow_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o illuminate_v body_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v be_v carry_v into_o divers_a place_n and_o fall_v on_o the_o sense_n have_v much_o variety_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o man_n who_o be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o cause_n be_v strike_v with_o a_o admiration_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n divide_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v into_o three_o sort_n which_o division_n must_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o to_o its_o superficies_n so_o that_o they_o term_v some_o amphiscij_fw-la other_o heteroscij_fw-la and_o the_o rest_n periscij_fw-la the_o explication_n of_o which_o term_n see_v that_o they_o contain_v but_o small_a learning_n we_o shall_v say_v somewhat_o also_o concern_v shadow_n which_o although_o they_o do_v not_o pertain_v to_o geography_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o near_a affinity_n they_o may_v be_v propose_v in_o this_o chapter_n shadow_n of_o
hour_n of_o the_o cycle_n and_o let_v the_o note_a point_n of_o the_o parallel_n be_v turn_v to_o the_o meridian_n the_o index_n will_v show_v how_o many_o hour_n before_o and_o how_o many_o hour_n after_o noon_n the_o regress_n begin_v proposition_n xv._o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o shadow_n decrease_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n increase_v and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n decrease_v the_o shadow_n increase_v increase_v they_o decrease_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o meridies_n and_o from_o the_o meridies_n to_o the_o set_n the_o shadow_n again_o increase_v for_o the_o sun_n be_v more_o near_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o style_n by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o he_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n therefore_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n terminate_a the_o shadow_n become_v also_o more_o nigh_o the_o style_n and_o on_o that_o account_n the_o shadow_n become_v lesser_a moreover_o the_o sun_n have_v the_o great_a altitude_n in_o the_o meridies_n therefore_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o shadow_n than_o shall_v be_v lesser_a but_o in_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n there_o be_v no_o altitude_n therefore_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o shadow_n shall_v be_v infinite_a proposition_n xvi_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o style_n and_o the_o shadow_n be_v give_v to_o find_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n and_o thence_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n if_o that_o moreover_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n and_o day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v know_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o style_n the_o shadow_n and_o the_o ray_n terminate_a the_o shadow_n make_v a_o right_a angle_a triangle_n therefore_o let_v the_o proportion_n be_v institute_v according_a to_o the_o 15_o proposition_n of_o the_o second_o chapter_n as_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o shadow_n be_v to_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o style_n so_o be_v the_o whole_a sign_n to_o the_o tangent_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n which_o show_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o this_o altitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n 29._o see_v proposit_n 3._o chap._n 29._o and_o day_n of_o the_o year_n shall_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n be_v find_v out_o proposition_n xvii_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o earth_n be_v give_v and_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o earth_n to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o shadow_n which_o the_o whole_a earth_n cast_v towards_o heaven_n shadow_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o shadow_n the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v conical_a as_o the_o optic_n demonstrate_v and_o be_v easy_o show_v by_o a_o diagram_n therefore_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o this_o cone_n which_o cause_v the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v seek_v that_o be_v find_v by_o this_o proposition_n for_o as_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o earth_n be_v to_o the_o distance_n give_v so_o be_v the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o to_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o shady_a cone_n proposition_n xviii_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v give_v to_o find_v how_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v opscure_v how_o great_a the_o eclipse_n will_v be_v if_o that_o the_o moon_n remain_v in_o the_o ecliptic_a moon_n of_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n let_v the_o rule_n of_o three_o be_v institute_v according_a to_o this_o proportion_n as_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o shadow_n be_v to_o the_o excess_n of_o this_o longitude_n above_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n so_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v to_o that_o shady_a cone_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o that_o part_n where_o the_o moon_n enter_v it_o furthermore_o as_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v to_o the_o find_v out_o semidianeter_n of_o the_o shadow_n so_o be_v the_o whole_a sign_n of_o the_o canon_n to_o the_o tangent_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n of_o sight_n which_o the_o half_a diameter_n of_o shadow_n subtend_v to_o our_o eye_n which_o if_o it_o be_v double_v the_o angle_n of_o sight_n be_v account_v for_o the_o whole_a diameter_n of_o the_o shadow_n with_o this_o angle_n let_v the_o angle_n of_o sight_n or_o the_o apparent_a semidiameter_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v in_o opposition_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o in_o time_n of_o eclipse_n be_v compare_v from_o this_o comparation_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o obcsurity_n will_v be_v make_v manifest_a which_o if_o you_o desire_v to_o have_v in_o digit_n institute_v a_o rule_n of_o proportion_n after_o this_o manner_n as_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v to_o twelve_o digit_n so_o be_v the_o apparent_a diameter_n of_o the_o shadow_n or_o angle_n of_o sight_n to_o the_o ecliptic_a digit_n proposition_n xix_o by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n every_o day_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o from_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o both_o the_o meridian_n shadow_n as_o well_o as_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o hour_n be_v long_o for_o because_o the_o sun_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o those_o place_n therefore_o also_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n terminate_a the_o shadow_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o style_n and_o therefore_o the_o shadow_n be_v so_o much_o the_o long_o extend_v proposition_n xx._n if_o that_o the_o style_n be_v place_v in_o any_o plain_a after_o such_o a_o mode_n that_o it_o become_v part_n of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n or_o that_o it_o be_v parallel_n to_o that_o axis_n the_o shadow_n of_o that_o style_n shall_v fall_v on_o a_o certain_a hour_n on_o the_o very_a line_n of_o that_o plain_a in_o which_o this_o line_n be_v cut_v by_o the_o great_a horary_a circle_n whether_o of_o declination_n or_o from_o the_o meridian_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v at_o that_o hour_n hour_n a_o moment_n or_o small_a space_n of_o a_o hour_n for_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n or_o the_o style_n so_o place_v fall_v on_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horary_a or_o meridian_n circle_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v at_o that_o moment_n of_o time_n for_o neither_o can_v it_o fall_v beyond_o the_o plain_n see_v that_o the_o sun_n the_o opac_a body_n and_o the_o shadow_n be_v in_o one_o plain_n upon_o which_o the_o style_n be_v place_v wherefore_o see_v this_o style_n be_v upon_o this_o plain_a as_o also_o on_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o meridian_n which_o the_o sun_n keep_v for_o a_o moment_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o this_o shadow_n may_v fall_v on_o the_o common_a section_n of_o this_o plain_a or_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o meridian_n or_o of_o the_o horary_a circle_n for_o if_o any_o line_n be_v in_o two_o or_o more_o plain_n it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o common_a section_n of_o those_o plain_n proposition_n xxi_o to_o describe_v the_o aequinoctial_a night-dial_n night-dial_n aequinoctial_a night-dial_n a_o plain_a of_o wood_n paper_n brass_n or_o other_o metal_n must_v be_v erect_v above_o the_o horizon_n so_o many_o degree_n as_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n or_o so_o many_o degree_n as_o be_v in_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n before_o it_o be_v erect_v it_o be_v necessary_a to_o draw_v the_o line_n of_o the_o scioterick_n therefore_o let_v what_o point_n you_o please_v be_v take_v in_o that_o plain_a and_o let_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n be_v describe_v from_o it_o as_o from_o a_o centre_n let_v a_o line_n parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n be_v draw_v through_o that_o centre_n or_o let_v the_o line_n be_v parallel_n to_o the_o common_a section_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o horizon_n which_o shall_v be_v the_o line_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o hour_n of_o six_o in_o the_o evening_n and_o six_o in_o the_o morning_n let_v a_o line_n perpendicular_a to_o this_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o centre_n which_o shall_v be_v the_o shadow_n of_o the_o twelve_o hour_n then_o let_v both_o the_o quadrant_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n and_o every_o one_o of_o those_o three_o into_o two_o so_o that_o the_o six_o arch_n may_v be_v in_o every_o one_o of_o they_o whereof_o every_o one_o shall_v be_v of_o fifteen_o degree_n and_o let_v they_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o term_n or_o bound_n of_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o right_a line_n these_o shall_v be_v the_o line_n of_o the_o shadow_n for_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o remain_a hour_n which_o fall_v between_o twelve_o and_o six_o who_o number_n and_o order_n must_v be_v set_v down_o at_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o line_n draw_v the_o same_o
parallel_n direct_o ascend_v from_o the_o horizon_n to_o the_o meridian_n then_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o any_o other_o place_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o parallel_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o oblique_a to_o the_o horizon_n by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v that_o be_v by_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n become_v the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o near_o to_o the_o pole_n proposition_n vii_o by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o the_o other_o constellation_n require_v the_o great_a time_n to_o arise_v and_o set_v and_o they_o pass_v through_o the_o meridian_n of_o all_o place_n at_o a_o equal_a time_n let_v two_o place_n be_v take_v on_o the_o globe_n unequal_o distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v and_o observe_v separately_z for_o each_o of_o they_o how_o much_o time_n any_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n require_v to_o ascend_v above_o the_o horizon_n viz._n the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sign_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o oriental_a horizon_n let_v the_o index_n be_v place_v at_o the_o 12_o hour_n and_o the_o globe_n be_v turn_v round_o until_o the_o whole_a sign_n be_v rise_v the_o index_n will_v show_v the_o hour_n elapse_v in_o the_o space_n whilst_o the_o sign_n arise_v for_o by_o the_o comparison_n of_o the_o time_n the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n will_v be_v manifest_a proposition_n viii_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v give_v to_o find_v or_o show_v on_o the_o globe_n those_o place_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n arise_v in_o any_o give_a quarter_n globe_n to_o find_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o any_o quarter_n by_o the_o globe_n this_o problem_n and_o those_o that_o follow_v shall_v be_v propound_v and_o resolve_v concern_v the_o earth_n itself_o if_o that_o we_o will_v act_v according_a to_o art_n for_o these_o affection_n belong_v unto_o it_o but_o they_o be_v propound_v concern_v the_o globe_n because_o here_o it_o represent_v the_o earth_n although_o another_o method_n must_v be_v use_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o another_o construction_n which_o although_o it_o can_v only_o be_v comprehend_v by_o the_o mind_n be_v sufficient_a that_o it_o may_v hinder_v in_o the_o practice_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o obstacle_n this_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o problem_n the_o day_n and_o the_o quarter_n be_v give_v in_o which_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v observe_v to_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o that_o place_n or_o its_o parallel_n in_o any_o point_n of_o which_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o we_o be_v place_v 11._o see_v chap._n 23._o proposit_n 11._o the_o solution_n of_o which_o we_o have_v deliver_v in_o the_o 23_o chapter_n proposition_n 11._o proposition_n ix_o the_o day_n and_o the_o hour_n or_o part_n of_o the_o hour_n be_v give_v to_o show_v the_o place_n on_o the_o globe_n to_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v then_o vertical_a first_o let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o give_v day_n be_v find_v be_v note_v on_o the_o ecliptic_a of_o the_o globe_n and_o that_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n let_v a_o mark_n be_v make_v with_o a_o chalk_n on_o the_o supereminent_a point_n then_o let_v those_o place_n be_v find_v in_o who_o meridian_n the_o sun_n be_v at_o the_o give_v moment_n of_o time_n and_o let_v they_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n these_o be_v do_v that_o place_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o note_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n be_v the_o place_n which_o be_v demand_v viz._n that_o to_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a at_o the_o give_v moment_n of_o time_n proposition_n x._o note_v further_o note_v the_o day_n and_o the_o hour_n be_v give_v to_o show_v all_o the_o place_n on_o the_o globe_n from_o who_o vertex_fw-la the_o sun_n be_v distant_a the_o give_v degree_n at_o that_o hour_n but_o the_o give_v degree_n must_v not_o exceed_v a_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o or_o the_o day_n and_o the_o hour_n be_v give_v to_o show_v on_o the_o globe_n those_o place_n above_o who_o horizon_n the_o sun_n have_v the_o give_v altitude_n or_o the_o give_v depression_n beneath_o it_o but_o the_o altitude_n give_v must_v not_o exceed_v 90_o degree_n as_o likewise_o the_o depression_n let_v the_o place_n be_v find_v on_o the_o globe_n to_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a at_o the_o hour_n give_v and_o let_v this_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o quadrant_n be_v affix_v to_o the_o imminent_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n let_v the_o degree_n of_o distance_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la give_fw-mi be_v note_v and_o the_o quadrant_n be_v turn_v round_o the_o globe_n remain_v immovable_a all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o the_o note_a degree_n of_o the_o quadrant_n pass_v be_v those_o from_o who_o the_o sun_n have_v the_o give_v distance_n or_o above_o who_o horizon_n the_o sun_n have_v the_o give_v altitude_n proposition_n xi_o at_o the_o give_v hour_n of_o the_o day_n to_o show_v on_o the_o globe_n all_o plain_n unto_o which_o the_o sun_n rise_v and_o set_v and_o to_o which_o he_o be_v fix_v at_o the_o meridian_n and_o all_o that_o be_v illuminate_v and_o not_o illuminate_v day_n further_o concern_v the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n find_v out_o by_o the_o globe_n at_o any_o day_n or_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n let_v the_o place_n be_v find_v in_o the_o globe_n to_o which_o the_o sun_n at_o the_o time_n give_v be_v vertical_a and_o let_v the_o place_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o the_o pole_n elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o that_o place_n or_o let_v that_o place_n be_v place_v in_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o horizon_n so_o all_o those_o place_n which_o be_v discover_v under_o the_o semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n above_o the_o horizon_n shall_v have_v the_o meridies_n but_o those_o place_n which_o be_v behold_v in_o the_o oriental_a semicircle_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v those_o to_o which_o the_o sun_n than_o set_v but_o to_o those_o which_o lie_v in_o the_o occidental_a semicircle_n of_o the_o horizon_n the_o sun_n rise_v at_o the_o give_v time_n and_o all_o the_o place_n which_o be_v above_o the_o horizon_n be_v illuminate_v by_o the_o sun_n on_o the_o contrary_a all_o the_o place_n situate_v beneath_o the_o same_o then_o want_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o sun_n note_v that_o the_o problem_n must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n illustrate_v part_n of_o the_o earth_n somewhat_o big_a than_o the_o hemisphere_n which_o how_o big_a it_o be_v shall_v be_v discover_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n therefore_o we_o may_v show_v the_o place_n to_o which_o the_o sun_n rise_v or_o set_v when_o we_o have_v noon_n or_o midnight_n and_o contrariwise_o those_o in_o which_o he_o set_v when_o he_o arise_v to_o we_o who_o then_o have_v midnight_n or_o midday_n proposition_n xii_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o earth_n be_v give_v and_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v know_v to_o find_v out_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o sun_n illuminate_v scheme_n see_v scheme_n let_v the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o b_o a_o c_o a_o the_o centre_n a_o b_o c_o d_o e_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n s_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n s_o l_o s_o o_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sun_n l_o b_o o_o c_o the_o ray_n touch_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o earth_n for_o these_o distinguish_v the_o part_n illuminate_v from_o the_o part_n not_o illuminate_v therefore_o the_o arch_n b_o d_o c_o represent_v the_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n illuminate_v and_o the_o arch_n blc_n the_o part_n not_o illuminate_v let_v the_o tangent_n lb_n o_o c_o be_v extend_v until_o they_o concur_v in_o r_n and_z b_o n_n parallel_v to_o a_o s_n therefore_o in_o the_o triangle_n b_o n_o l_o let_v n_n l_o be_v give_v the_o excess_n s_o l_o above_o a_o b_o and_z b_o n_z of_o equal_a distance_n to_o a_o s_n the_o angle_n b_o n_o l_o be_v direct_a because_o that_o b_o l_o touch_v the_o circle_n wherefore_o in_o the_o triangle_n b_o l_o n_o let_v the_o angle_n n_o b_o l_o be_v find_v according_a to_o this_o proposition_n that_o as_o b_o n_n be_v to_o n_n l_o so_fw-mi be_v the_o whole_a sign_n to_o the_o tangent_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n n_o b_o l._n moreover_n the_o two_o angle_n l_o n_n b_o n_o b_o l_o be_v together_o equal_a to_o one_o straight_o or_o 90_o
the_o meridian_n or_o set_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n we_o must_v act_v with_o the_o other_o planet_n proposition_n xvii_o to_o show_v on_o the_o globe_n all_o those_o place_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n arise_v at_o the_o give_v hour_n and_o in_o which_o she_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n and_o to_o which_o she_o set_v if_o that_o the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v know_v hour_n by_o the_o globe_n be_v show_v all_o the_o place_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n arise_v and_o set_v at_o any_o hour_n let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o also_o of_o the_o moon_n be_v note_v on_o the_o ecliptic_a as_o aforesaid_a and_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o the_o index_n to_o the_o 12_o hour_n of_o the_o circle_n let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o hour_n be_v observe_v on_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v note_v or_o let_v a_o mark_n be_v make_v on_o the_o circle_n for_o they_o show_v how_o much_o late_a the_o moon_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n than_o the_o sun_n moreover_o the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v constitute_v in_o the_o meridian_n let_v the_o eminent_a point_n be_v note_v in_o this_o or_o let_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v describe_v this_o do_v let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o the_o index_n to_o the_o 12_o hour_n let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o the_o hour_n be_v find_v in_o which_o the_o moon_n touch_v the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n let_v the_o point_n also_o of_o the_o meridian_n be_v note_v which_o hang_v over_o the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n moreover_o let_v the_o place_n who_o hour_n be_v give_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n the_o index_n to_o the_o hour_n give_v let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o the_o index_n show_v the_o 12_o hour_n of_o noon_n or_o midnight_n so_o the_o place_n be_v those_o subject_n to_o the_o semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n make_v the_o meridies_n at_o the_o hour_n give_v let_v the_o index_n be_v reduce_v to_o 12_o and_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v again_o until_o the_o index_n come_v to_o the_o hour_n note_v before_o in_o the_o circle_n in_o this_o situation_n of_o the_o globe_n the_o place_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o note_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n be_v that_o to_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v then_o vertical_a therefore_o let_v this_o place_n be_v constitute_v in_o the_o globe_n in_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o horizon_n all_o the_o place_n be_v those_o subject_n to_o the_o superior_a semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n to_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v then_o in_o the_o meridian_n but_o those_o place_n which_o be_v discern_v in_o the_o oriental_a semicircle_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v those_o to_o which_o the_o moon_n than_o set_v last_o in_o those_o place_n which_o be_v discern_v in_o the_o occidental_a semicircle_n of_o the_o horizon_n the_o moon_n rise_v at_o the_o give_v moment_n of_o time_n after_o the_o same_o mode_n we_o act_n with_o saturn_n jupiter_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n if_o that_o their_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n be_v know_v proposition_n xviii_o the_o day_n or_o hour_n be_v give_v in_o which_o the_o ecliptic_a of_o the_o moon_n shall_v be_v or_o have_v be_v to_o exhibit_v on_o the_o globe_n all_o those_o place_n which_o have_v see_v it_o and_o in_o that_o species_n to_o who_o the_o moon_n shall_v in_o the_o meridian_n to_o who_o it_o shall_v arise_v and_o to_o who_o it_o shall_v set_v eclipse_v this_o problem_n little_o differ_v from_o the_o precedent_n but_o yet_o it_o have_v a_o more_o easy_a solution_n from_o the_o day_n give_v let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v find_v except_o it_o be_v already_o know_v and_o let_v the_o point_n opposite_a to_o it_o be_v note_v on_o the_o ecliptic_a of_o the_o globe_n for_o this_o be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n 28._o see_v proposition_n 6._o chapter_n 28._o let_v the_o place_n be_v find_v in_o the_o globe_n to_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a at_o the_o hour_n and_o let_v the_o antipode_n of_o this_o place_n be_v find_v according_a to_o the_o vi_o proposition_n of_o the_o xxviii_o chapter_n for_o this_o shall_v be_v the_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v eclipse_v shall_v be_v vertical_a let_v this_o place_n be_v constitute_v in_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o horizon_n the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v or_o depress_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n so_o all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o globe_n which_o be_v above_o the_o horizon_n may_v have_v see_v that_o eclipse_n and_o those_o which_o lie_v under_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n shall_v see_v it_o in_o the_o meridian_n those_o which_o lie_v under_o the_o oriental_a semicircle_n shall_v see_v it_o in_o the_o west_n or_o set_v with_o the_o eclipse_n but_o those_o which_o lie_v in_o the_o occidental_a semicircle_n of_o the_o horizon_n shall_v see_v it_o in_o the_o east_n or_o noon_n to_o arise_v eclipse_v but_o see_v that_o a_o eclipse_n be_v not_o perform_v in_o one_o moment_n of_o a_o hour_n but_o dure_v for_o some_o hour_n therefore_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o beginning_n middle_a and_o end_v and_o the_o moment_n of_o the_o hour_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v note_v therefore_o the_o consideration_n must_v be_v more_o especial_o concern_v the_o middle_a time_n of_o the_o eclipse_n moreover_o see_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v less_o than_o the_o earth_n it_o will_v illustrate_v a_o lesser_a part_n than_o the_o hemisphere_n be_v also_o it_o will_v be_v see_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o lesser_a part_n so_o that_o it_o will_v not_o be_v any_o more_o conspicuous_a to_o those_o which_o lie_v in_o the_o oriental_a semicircle_n of_o the_o horizon_n but_o to_o those_o in_o the_o occidental_a semicircle_n it_o have_v not_o yet_o appear_v but_o a_o certain_a circle_n parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n be_v to_o be_v see_v which_o terminate_v the_o part_n illustrate_v now_o how_o much_o this_o part_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o hemisphere_n or_o how_o great_a a_o portion_n it_o be_v of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v the_o enquiry_n of_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n xix_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o earth_n be_v give_v scheme_n see_v scheme_n and_o the_o distance_n of_o they_o to_o find_v out_o how_o long_o a_o portion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o moon_n at_o the_o full._n 11._o see_v proposition_n 11._o this_o problem_n must_v be_v solve_v by_o the_o same_o mode_n that_o we_o have_v use_v in_o the_o eleven_o proposition_n for_o let_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v s_o the_o great_a circle_n represent_v the_o superficies_n o_o f_o l_o h._n the_o centre_n of_o the_o moon_n a_o the_o great_a circle_n c_o p_o b_o q._n let_v the_o tangent_n l_o b_o o_o c_o be_v draw_v for_o these_o be_v the_o ultimate_a ray_n that_o can_v come_v from_o the_o moon_n to_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o the_o arch_n o_o h_n l_o will_v denote_v the_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o moon_n and_o who_o inhabitant_n may_v see_v the_o moon_n together_o which_o by_o how_o much_o lesser_a it_o be_v than_o the_o hemisphere_n we_o shall_v know_v if_o we_o find_v the_o angle_n h_o s_o l_o or_o the_o arch_n h_o l._n let_v b_o n_n be_v draw_v from_o b_o parallel_n to_o a_o s_n b_o he_o shall_v be_v equal_a to_o s_o n_n and_o n_n l_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n s_o l_o above_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o moon_n a_o b_o and_o b_o n_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a distance_n with_o a_o s_o but_o the_o the_o angle_n n_o l_o b_o be_v direct_a or_o of_o 90_o degree_n therefore_o in_o the_o triangle_n straight_a angle_n n_o b_o l_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o angle_n n_o b_o l_o by_o this_o proportion_n as_o n_z b_o be_v to_z n_o l_o so_fw-mi be_v the_o whole_a sign_n to_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n l_o b_o n_o who_o arch_n be_v that_o in_o which_o h_n l_o differ_v from_o the_o arch_n 90_o or_o from_o the_o quadrant_n of_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o great_a a_o interval_n be_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o earth_n distant_a from_o the_o great_a circle_n terminanate_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n illuminate_v by_o the_o moon_n let_v we_o suppose_v the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o moon_n to_o contain_v four_o part_n of_o such_o like_a the_o semidiamiter_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v 15_o or_o 4_o 15_o of_o the_o semidiamiter_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o the_o great_a distance_n of_o
collect_v the_o increase_n or_o decrease_v of_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o of_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o unequal_a increase_n of_o the_o day_n but_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la itself_o all_o day_n be_v equal_a and_o therefore_o here_o be_v no_o increase_n or_o decrease_v although_o the_o sun_n seem_v to_o stand_v about_o the_o day_n of_o the_o solstice_n that_o be_v a_o little_a change_v the_o meridian_n altitude_n now_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o great_a inequality_n of_o this_o increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o the_o day_n be_v to_o be_v find_v where_o the_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la if_o that_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o divers_a place_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o parallel_n elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n be_v consider_v in_o both_o situation_n proposition_n xxv_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o those_o situate_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o sun_n much_o soon_o depart_v from_o the_o vertex_fw-la than_o in_o place_n near_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n or_o capricorn_n zone_n of_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n let_v any_o degree_n in_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v note_v for_o example_n the_o five_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o another_o place_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v take_v for_o example_n one_o who_o latitude_n be_v 18_o degree_n let_v this_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n make_v a_o sign_n with_o a_o chalk_n in_o this_o and_o let_v 5_o degree_n from_o this_o towards_o the_o tropic_a be_v reckon_v on_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n and_o here_o again_o make_v a_o sign_n with_o a_o chalk_n we_o must_v show_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o few_o day_n be_v remove_v from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la 5_o degree_n in_o the_o meridies_n than_o from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o another_o place_n so_o many_o degree_n let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o some_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a come_v under_o some_o note_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n near_o to_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o let_v the_o degree_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a between_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n and_o libra_n and_o between_o that_o point_n and_o the_o arch_n here_o to_o be_v note_v then_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v again_o until_o some_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a pass_n through_o the_o note_v make_v in_o the_o meridian_n for_o the_o place_n and_o let_v this_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v note_v then_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v again_o until_o another_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a pass_n through_o by_o that_o point_n remove_v five_o degree_n which_o be_v note_v which_o must_v again_o be_v note_v and_o let_v the_o arch_n between_o the_o two_o last_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v reckon_v which_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v much_o big_a than_o that_o which_o be_v first_o note_v and_o thence_o the_o sun_n shall_v stay_v in_o this_o arch_n more_o day_n than_o in_o the_o former_a and_o therefore_o he_o more_o slow_o recede_v from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o second_o place_n than_o from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n take_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o three_o book_n of_o general_n geography_n to_o wit_n the_o comparative_a part_n of_o the_o affection_n from_o compare_v of_o place_n chap._n xxxi_o of_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n definition_n 1._o â—he_v circle_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o any_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n definition_n definition_n be_v a_o circle_n pass_v through_o that_o place_n and_o both_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v also_o term_v the_o meridian_n circle_n because_o the_o meridian_n of_o a_o place_n and_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o circle_n but_o they_o be_v only_o rational_o distinguish_v because_o the_o meridian_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n the_o circle_n of_o the_o longitude_n to_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o respect_n to_o the_o celestial_a motion_n but_o the_o use_n of_o the_o term_n meridian_n be_v more_o frequent_a and_o convenient_a and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v also_o use_v the_o word_n they_o be_v conspicuous_a in_o globe_n and_o map_n pass_v through_o every_o ten_o degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la 2._o the_o distance_n of_o a_o place_n from_o a_o certain_a meridian_n be_v term_v the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n or_o else_o it_o be_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o parallel_v intercept_v between_o the_o meridian_n of_o that_o place_n and_o a_o certain_a other_o meridian_n this_o meridian_n from_o which_o the_o meridian_n of_o other_o place_n be_v reckon_v from_o west_n towards_o the_o east_n be_v call_v the_o first_o meridian_n the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o be_v term_v its_o extension_n from_o west_n to_o east_n conceive_v according_a to_o the_o line_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o first_o meridian_n in_o the_o map_n and_o globe_n be_v notable_a above_o the_o rest_n for_o magnitude_n and_o colour_n and_o it_o be_v apparent_a to_o the_o eye_n 3._o the_o distance_n of_o one_o place_n from_o another_o be_v a_o very_a short_a line_n intercept_v between_o those_o two_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n 4._o any_o point_n in_o the_o globe_n and_o map_n be_v true_o say_v to_o represent_v and_o exhibit_v any_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n if_o that_o it_o have_v that_o situation_n and_o distance_n to_o the_o other_o point_n of_o the_o map_n such_o as_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o it_o ought_v to_o represent_v have_v to_o the_o other_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o other_o point_n of_o the_o earth_n proposition_n i._o nature_n have_v put_v no_o beginning_n or_o end_n to_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o of_o the_o extension_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n or_o according_a to_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o all_o and_o every_o one_o of_o the_o place_n may_v be_v take_v for_o a_o beginning_n and_o the_o first_o meridian_n may_v be_v place_v in_o they_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o this_o the_o matter_n must_v be_v more_o full_o search_v into_o etc._n no_o beginning_n or_o end_n of_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o earth_n etc._n etc._n because_o that_o some_o i_o know_v not_o upon_o what_o account_n suppose_v great_a mysterias_fw-la to_o lâ—e_z herein_o that_o every_o superficies_n as_o well_o plane_n as_o crooked_a as_o a_o line_n â—y_a one_o and_o a_o body_n by_o three_o be_v measure_v and_o terminate_v by_o two_o dimension_n or_o extension_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o principle_n of_o geometry_n and_o common_a use_n of_o which_o extension_n one_o be_v term_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o extension_n or_o figure_n and_o the_o other_o the_o latitude_n and_o the_o one_o be_v conceive_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o other_o neither_o do_v these_o extension_n differ_v in_o their_o nature_n but_o that_o which_o we_o take_v for_o longitude_n may_v also_o be_v take_v for_o latitude_n and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a but_o yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n if_o these_o two_o extension_n be_v unequal_a we_o take_v the_o long_a for_o longitude_n and_o the_o short_a for_o latitude_n but_o in_o ordinate_a figure_n as_o in_o the_o aequilateral_a triangle_n a_o quadrate_n and_o the_o like_a the_o two_o extension_n be_v equal_a neither_o be_v there_o any_o difference_n between_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n for_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a and_o latitude_n do_v not_o true_o differ_v from_o longitude_n which_o we_o so_o conceive_v in_o it_o for_o the_o more_o distinct_a cognition_n now_o those_o two_o extension_n in_o the_o spherical_a superficies_n be_v commodious_o so_o conceive_v as_o in_o other_o crooked_a superficies_n if_o that_o first_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o semicricle_n be_v take_v in_o it_o draw_v from_o one_o point_n to_o the_o opposite_a point_n and_o this_o line_n be_v make_v one_o extension_n of_o the_o superficies_n then_o for_o the_o other_o extension_n you_o shall_v take_v another_o periphery_n cut_v the_o former_a periphery_n in_o the_o middle_n at_o right_a angle_n for_o so_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n be_v take_v in_o all_o figure_n and_o this_o must_v be_v conceive_v to_o extend_v about_o the_o whole_a superficies_n until_o it_o return_v to_o itself_o that_o so_o a_o crooked_a superficies_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v extend_v into_o a_o plane_n because_o therefore_o the_o first_o assume_v periphery_n or_o extension_n be_v only_o the_o semicircle_n that_o shall_v be_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o globe_n the_o
have_v observe_v the_o beginning_n also_o in_o his_o map_n but_o see_v that_o there_o be_v other_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n where_o the_o magnetic_a needle_n do_v the_o same_o neither_o do_v it_o do_v it_o in_o all_o the_o meridian_n of_o this_o place_n therefore_o other_o geographer_n have_v not_o think_v that_o cause_n sufficient_a and_o some_o have_v place_v the_o first_o meridian_n in_o the_o brazilian_n shore_n the_o more_o modern_a especial_o the_o hollander_n have_v go_v back_o to_o the_o fortunate_a or_o canary_n isle_n have_v choose_v in_o one_o of_o they_o call_v teneriffe_n teneriffe_n the_o longitude_n by_o the_o hollander_n begin_v at_o teneriffe_n a_o mountain_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o high_a in_o the_o whole_a world_n call_v el_n pico_fw-la de_fw-fr teneriffe_n and_o from_o the_o meridian_n of_o this_o mountain_n they_o judge_v the_o numeration_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n ought_v to_o be_v begin_v because_o they_o think_v fit_a that_o a_o famous_a and_o durable_a place_n for_o all_o age_n may_v be_v best_a choose_v for_o this_o purpose_n concern_v which_o in_o age_n to_o come_v posterity_n shall_v not_o easy_o doubt_v and_o moreover_o that_o that_o assignation_n of_o ptolemy_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v for_o so_o many_o age_n shall_v not_o be_v desert_v on_o a_o trivial_a account_n canary_n the_o longitude_n by_o the_o french_a begin_v at_o the_o isle_n of_o fer_n in_o the_o canary_n the_o french_a at_o this_o day_n from_o the_o year_n 1634_o observe_v that_o for_o the_o first_o meridian_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o occidental_a part_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o fer_n one_o of_o the_o canary_n isles_n which_o beginning_n lewis_n the_o xiii_o king_n of_o france_n command_v his_o mariner_n and_o geographer_n to_o observe_v astronomer_n also_o take_v divers_a place_n for_o the_o first_o meridian_n for_o those_o who_o follow_v tycho_n be_v wont_a to_o place_v it_o at_o vranoburge_n situate_a in_o a_o island_n in_o the_o danish_a sea_n and_o at_o this_o place_n to_o compute_v their_o celestial_a motion_n and_o thence_o to_o other_o place_n other_o make_v other_o beginning_n as_o they_o follow_v this_o or_o that_o author_n of_o the_o ephemerides_n astronomer_n the_o longitude_n likewise_o begin_v in_o sundry_a place_n by_o astronomer_n for_o the_o writer_n of_o ephemerides_n as_o also_o the_o computer_n of_o the_o planetary_a table_n be_v wont_a to_o calculate_v the_o motion_n and_o appearance_n of_o the_o planet_n to_o the_o meridian_n of_o their_o own_o country_n as_o origanus_n to_o frankford_n maginus_fw-la to_o venice_n because_o that_o milan_n be_v a_o academy_n of_o the_o venetian_n ecstadius_n to_o stetin_n lansbergius_n to_o goesa_n in_o zealand_n reinholdus_n to_o regium_n a_o mountain_n of_o borusia_n but_o to_o speak_v free_o what_o i_o think_v all_o this_o dissent_n of_o author_n proceed_v from_o no_o sufficient_a cause_n so_o that_o those_o who_o first_o remove_v the_o ptolomaick-beginning_n out_o of_o its_o place_n be_v blame_v worthy_a but_o it_o be_v all_o one_o whatsoever_o beginning_n of_o this_o account_n be_v take_v in_o the_o earth_n whether_o the_o place_n be_v note_v or_o the_o ultimate_a to_o the_o occident_n or_o orient_a so_o that_o the_o situation_n and_o distance_n of_o the_o other_o place_n be_v accurate_o know_v at_o it_o yet_o this_o variety_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o meridian_n express_v the_o read_n of_o geographical_a writer_n with_o many_o confusion_n and_o difficulty_n yet_o because_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o loadstone_n be_v of_o great_a utility_n and_o that_o that_o declination_n increase_v even_o to_o a_o certain_a meridian_n and_o then_o again_o decrease_v i_o think_v it_o not_o altogether_o inconvenient_a for_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o load_n stone_n and_o the_o more_o easy_a comparison_n of_o the_o increase_n or_o decrease_v of_o it_o if_o that_o that_o be_v take_v for_o the_o first_o meridian_n in_o which_o the_o magnetic_a needle_n make_v little_a or_o no_o declination_n so_o that_o such_o a_o meridian_n may_v be_v give_v viz._n in_o all_o the_o place_n of_o which_o or_o the_o most_o at_o least_o the_o magnetic_a needle_n will_v do_v it_o but_o see_v that_o the_o hollander_n at_o this_o time_n take_v the_o mountain_n of_o teneriffe_n for_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o longitude_n and_o that_o they_o sail_v at_o this_o day_n into_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n therefore_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o acknowledge_v the_o same_o begin_n with_o they_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o diaries_n that_o they_o be_v wont_v to_o publish_v now_o you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o read_n of_o author_n where_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n or_o of_o a_o certain_a number_v meridian_n that_o then_o you_o ought_v to_o consider_v what_o beginning_n of_o longitude_n that_o author_n determine_v or_o through_o what_o place_n he_o bring_v his_o first_o meridian_n as_o you_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o the_o map_n which_o be_v use_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o book_n be_v the_o geographical_a description_n of_o the_o part_n and_o place_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o longitude_n i_o say_v of_o those_o place_n be_v take_v according_a to_o the_o french_a account_n begin_v at_o the_o isle_n of_o of_o fer_n be_v one_o of_o the_o canary_n isle_n they_o be_v compose_v by_o monsieur_n sanson_n geographer_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o who_o method_n be_v not_o convenient_a to_o be_v allow_v for_o to_o that_o the_o longitude_n of_o other_o place_n must_v be_v bring_v and_o inquire_v of_o proposition_n iii_o the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o any_o place_n or_o the_o distance_n of_o any_o place_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o a_o certain_a meridian_n be_v give_v which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o map_n or_o globe_n to_o exhibit_v the_o situation_n and_o point_n of_o that_o place_n on_o the_o map_n or_o globe_n or_o thus_o if_o that_o we_o be_v in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o world_n either_o at_o land_n or_o sea_n which_o be_v unknown_a unto_o we_o or_o who_o situation_n we_o be_v ignorant_a of_o to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o if_o we_o can_v find_v the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o this_o place_n thence_o to_o find_v out_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o distance_n from_o other_o place_n this_o be_v that_o problem_n for_o which_o a_o method_n be_v seek_v so_o anxious_o and_o with_o so_o great_a industry_n by_o which_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n at_o any_o time_n in_o which_o we_o be_v in_o it_o may_v be_v find_v and_o therefore_o although_o we_o shall_v first_o treat_v of_o the_o invention_n of_o this_o longitude_n yet_o i_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o premise_v the_o problem_n itself_o for_o which_o that_o longitude_n be_v seek_v for_o and_o that_o for_o this_o reason_n see_v that_o we_o must_v treat_v large_o of_o this_o longitude_n lest_o you_o shall_v be_v cloy_v not_o know_v to_o what_o end_n so_o great_a a_o labour_n be_v undertake_v and_o so_o many_o various_a way_n try_v know_v the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o place_n of_o great_a importance_n to_o mariner_n to_o know_v for_o mariner_n have_v sail_v far_o from_o the_o shoar_n and_o be_v in_o the_o ocean_n because_o they_o can_v accurate_o know_v the_o way_n of_o their_o voyage_n make_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o divers_a hindrance_n and_o note_v it_o in_o their_o map_n be_v often_o ignorant_a in_o what_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o be_v what_o situation_n this_o place_n have_v to_o those_o place_n whither_o they_o go_v or_o what_o place_n be_v to_o be_v go_v to_o if_o that_o they_o will_v avoid_v danger_n and_o therefore_o also_o they_o be_v ignorant_a unto_o what_o quarter_n they_o must_v direct_v their_o course_n unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o more_o ready_a a_o method_n than_o for_o to_o certain_o find_v the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n that_o be_v its_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o some_o certain_a meridian_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o mathematician_n have_v teach_v they_o with_o no_o great_a difficulty_n by_o divers_a way_n to_o find_v out_o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o day_n by_o the_o sun_n and_o in_o the_o night_n by_o the_o star_n such_o modes_n we_o have_v show_v before_o for_o those_o who_o think_v to_o know_v it_o only_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o compass_n sufficient_o discover_v their_o ignorance_n from_o which_o latitude_n be_v find_v they_o know_v in_o what_o parallel_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o be_v which_o indeed_o be_v no_o small_a part_n of_o the_o demand_n but_o see_v that_o the_o point_n of_o the_o parallel_n be_v infinite_a they_o do_v not_o yet_o know_v from_o the_o
34_o a_o 242_o 4_o lucida_n aquarii_n 31_o 24_o a_o 339_o 28_o arcturus_n bootis_n 21_o 4_o s_n 209_o 59_o lucida_n lyrae_fw-la 38_o 30_o s_n 206_o 17_o cauda_fw-la cygni_fw-la 44_o 3_o s_n 307_o 23_o capella_n 45_o 35_o s_n 72_o 44_o pes_fw-la orionis_n sinister_a 8_o 38_o a_o 74_o 29_o sirius_n canis_n major_n 16_o 13_o a_o 97_o 26_o humerus_fw-la dexter_n orionis_n 7_o 18_o a_o 84_o 7_o canis_fw-la minor_n 6_o 6_o s_n 110_o 17_o chap._n xxxii_o of_o the_o mutual_a situation_n of_o place_n and_o composition_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o map_n proposition_n i._o a_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o earth_n to_o find_v the_o situation_n of_o other_o place_n at_o that_o place_n etc._n of_o find_v of_o the_o situation_n of_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n etc._n etc._n now_o the_o situation_n of_o one_o place_n to_o the_o other_o be_v term_v that_o plaga_fw-la in_o which_o this_o lie_v at_o or_o a_o angle_n of_o position_n that_o be_v a_o angle_n which_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o give_v place_n make_v with_o a_o line_n or_o periphery_n draw_v from_o this_o place_n to_o the_o other_o for_o example_n if_o we_o be_v in_o amsterdam_n and_o desire_v to_o know_v in_o what_o situation_n other_o place_n lie_v unto_o it_o as_o rome_n leyden_n the_o hague_n or_o the_o like_a the_o first_o mode_n mode_n the_o first_o mode_n to_o those_o place_n that_o a_o prospect_n be_v grant_v from_o the_o place_n give_v their_o situation_n may_v exact_o be_v observe_v to_o this_o place_n by_o instrument_n let_v a_o geometrical_a instrument_n be_v place_v in_o a_o high_a tower_n or_o the_o place_n of_o the_o give_v place_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o meridian_n line_n be_v find_v let_v one_o rule_n of_o the_o instrument_n be_v apply_v unto_o it_o and_o the_o other_o have_v a_o perspective_n must_v be_v direct_v to_o the_o conspicuous_a place_n the_o arch_n of_o the_o periphery_a intercept_v between_o the_o two_o rule_n be_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o position_n of_o the_o place_n observe_v at_o this_o place_n and_o from_o thence_o his_o quarter_n shall_v be_v know_v so_o the_o situation_n or_o position_n of_o all_o other_o vicine_fw-la places_z shall_v be_v observe_v then_o let_v we_o go_v to_o these_o place_n and_o from_o they_o by_o the_o same_o mode_n we_o shall_v again_o discover_v the_o situation_n of_o other_o place_n and_o then_o we_o may_v so_o act_v over_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n except_o that_o other_o way_n be_v know_v by_o which_o we_o may_v come_v more_o easy_o to_o the_o demand_v place_n the_o second_o mode_n mode_n the_o second_o mode_n if_o that_o the_o propose_a place_n may_v be_v have_v on_o the_o globe_n let_v the_o place_n give_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o its_o latitude_n let_v the_o quadrant_n be_v affix_v to_o the_o vertex_fw-la and_o let_v it_o be_v apply_v to_o one_o and_o the_o other_o place_n who_o situation_n we_o desire_v to_o know_v at_o our_o place_n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o quadrant_n in_o the_o horizon_n will_v show_v the_o angle_n of_o position_n and_o the_o quarter_n seek_v for_o and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v say_v that_o rome_n constantinople_n lie_v from_o amsterdam_n towards_o this_o or_o that_o find_v out_o quarter_n which_o that_o we_o may_v conceive_v in_o the_o world_n we_o ought_v to_o know_v the_o meridian_n line_n or_o quarter_n of_o the_o north_n and_o south_n also_o the_o east_n and_o west_n aequinoctial_a for_o from_o these_o be_v well_o conceive_v of_o the_o intermedial_a quarter_n may_v easy_o be_v conceive_v here_o must_v be_v collect_v what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v quarter_n in_o the_o 20_o chapter_n 20._o see_v chap._n 20._o the_o three_o mode_n mode_n the_o three_o mode_n from_o map_n of_o straight_a line_n if_o that_o the_o place_n propound_v be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o they_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o discover_v the_o situation_n of_o those_o place_n to_o this_o by_o the_o eye_n for_o through_o the_o give_v place_n a_o right_a meridian_n line_n be_v conceive_v show_v the_o north_n and_o south_n and_o another_o line_n transverse_a or_o show_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o place_n which_o discover_v the_o eastern_a and_o western_a quarter_n from_o these_o the_o intermedial_a quarter_n in_o which_o every_o place_n be_v behold_v be_v easy_o discover_v or_o else_o they_o be_v more_o accurate_o know_v by_o line_n draw_v on_o the_o quadrant_n of_o the_o periphery_a if_o that_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o more_o accurate_a knowledge_n but_o yet_o this_o method_n be_v not_o complete_a except_o in_o particular_a map_n in_o map_n of_o crooked_a line_n the_o quarter_n or_o situation_n of_o place_n be_v not_o so_o a_o accurate_o seek_v as_o the_o other_o place_n the_o four_o mode_n mode_n the_o four_o mode_n the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o two_o place_n bege_v give_v the_o situation_n of_o one_o to_o the_o other_o be_v exact_o find_v by_o a_o trigonometrical_a compute_v both_o that_o which_o be_v vulgar_a as_o that_o which_o be_v logorithmetical_a or_o by_o a_o catholic_n planisphere_n or_o also_o by_o the_o globe_n for_o let_v a_o spherical_a triangle_n be_v have_v in_o which_o three_o thing_n be_v give_v viz._n the_o compliment_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o both_o place_n and_o the_o angle_n comprehend_v from_o these_o which_o be_v know_v from_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n now_o let_v the_o opposite_a angle_n or_o adjacent_a to_o either_o of_o the_o two_o side_n be_v seek_v for_o this_o will_v show_v the_o angle_n of_o position_n of_o one_o place_n to_o the_o other_o and_o the_o very_a quarter_n a_o diagram_n and_o the_o lively_a instruction_n of_o a_o tutor_n will_v make_v these_o more_o clear_a and_o hence_o appear_v the_o use_n of_o the_o table_n of_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o place_n the_o five_o mode_n from_o the_o give_a distance_n of_o a_o place_n from_o two_o place_n or_o from_o the_o give_v distance_n and_o latitude_n mode_n the_o five_o mode_n his_o quarter_n or_o situation_n to_o the_o other_o place_n be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o solution_n of_o the_o spherical_a triangle_n the_o six_o mode_n the_o latitude_n of_o two_o place_n be_v give_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o quarter_n of_o one_o be_v find_v to_o the_o other_o by_o a_o threefold_a method_n mode_n the_o six_o mode_n as_o have_v be_v say_v other_o thing_n give_v may_v be_v propound_v by_o which_o we_o may_v find_v out_o the_o quarter_n proposition_n ii_o a_o place_n be_v give_v on_o the_o earth_n or_o globe_n to_o exhibit_v all_o place_n which_o lie_v at_o the_o give_v place_n in_o some_o one_o give_v quarter_n or_o situation_n amsterdam_n of_o the_o know_v the_o place_n in_o the_o north-east_n quarter_n from_o amsterdam_n for_o example_n we_o desire_v to_o know_v all_o the_o place_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o north-east_n quarter_n from_o amsterdam_n let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o give_v place_n and_o let_v the_o place_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n let_v the_o quadrant_n be_v affix_v to_o the_o vertex_fw-la and_o leâ—_n the_o other_o extremity_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o give_v quarter_n of_o the_o horizon_n so_o we_o shall_v behold_v the_o half_a part_n of_o the_o place_n seek_v for_o viz._n those_o which_o be_v adjacent_a in_o the_o globe_n to_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o quadrant_n the_o other_o half_a part_n be_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n at_o the_o point_n opposite_a to_o the_o vertex_fw-la but_o the_o construction_n be_v more_o easy_a for_o the_o earth_n itself_o to_o wit_n let_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o great_a circle_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o place_n give_v which_o with_o the_o meridian_n of_o that_o place_n may_v make_v the_o give_v angle_n of_o the_o position_n all_o the_o place_n in_o the_o half_a periphery_n be_v those_o seek_v for_o proposition_n iii_o a_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o on_o the_o globe_n to_o exhibit_v all_o those_o place_n at_o which_o the_o give_v place_n have_v some_o one_o give_v situation_n or_o quarter_n amsterdam_n of_o the_o know_v the_o place_n which_o lie_v north-west_n to_o amsterdam_n for_o example_n we_o desire_v to_o know_v all_o the_o place_n unto_o every_o one_o of_o which_o amsterdam_n lie_v in_o the_o north-west_n quarter_n but_o the_o problem_n may_v with_o more_o delight_n be_v thus_o propound_v any_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n or_o on_o the_o globe_n be_v give_v as_o in_o amsterdam_n to_o show_v all_o those_o place_n from_o which_o whilst_o we_o desire_v to_o go_v to_o the_o give_v place_n amsterdam_n we_o must_v direct_v our_o course_n from_o every_o one_o of_o the_o place_n to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o give_v quarter_n the_o precede_a problem_n be_v local_o plain_a
because_o the_o place_n of_o the_o demand_v point_n be_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n which_o may_v be_v exhibit_v on_o a_o plain_a and_o be_v always_o situate_v in_o one_o plain_a but_o the_o present_a problem_n be_v solid_a or_o rather_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o superficies_n for_o the_o place_n of_o the_o demand_v point_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v not_o any_o periphery_n of_o the_o circle_n except_o when_o the_o quarter_n give_v be_v northern_o or_o southern_o but_o a_o certain_a peculiar_a crooked_a solid_a line_n that_o be_v which_o may_v not_o be_v on_o a_o plain_a but_o a_o crooked_a to_o wit_n a_o spherical_a superficies_n yet_o neither_o be_v it_o a_o loxodromical_a line_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o a_o peculiar_a chapter_n but_o a_o crooked_a line_n of_o its_o own_o kind_a terminate_v on_o both_o side_n now_o for_o the_o conceive_n of_o this_o line_n or_o the_o place_n themselves_o on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n let_v the_o give_v place_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n then_o if_o the_o quarter_n give_v be_v oriental_a it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o demand_v place_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o globe_n towards_o the_o west_n remove_v from_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o give_v place_n but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o if_o that_o the_o quarter_n give_v be_v occidental_a and_o if_o the_o quarter_n give_v be_v one_o of_o those_o which_o incline_v from_o the_o east_n or_o west_n towards_o the_o north_n the_o place_n demand_v shall_v lie_v between_o the_o south_n and_o the_o primary_n vertical_a of_o the_o give_v place_n but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o if_o the_o quarter_n give_v be_v one_o of_o those_o which_o incline_v from_o the_o east_n or_o west_n towards_o the_o south_n if_o the_o give_v quarter_n be_v of_o the_o eastern_a or_o western_a aequinoctial_a the_o place_n of_o the_o demand_v place_n shall_v be_v some_o one_o crooked_a line_n begin_v from_o the_o give_v place_n and_o terminate_v in_o the_o vicine_fw-la pole_n seat_v from_o the_o oriental_a part_n of_o the_o meridian_n if_o the_o give_v quarter_n be_v of_o the_o west_n but_o from_o the_o occidental_a if_o that_o the_o give_v quarter_n be_v of_o the_o east_n and_o must_v be_v conceive_v at_o this_o line_n so_o the_o place_n must_v be_v seek_v or_o exhibit_v from_o which_o amsterdam_n lie_v towards_o the_o western_a aequinoctial_o because_o the_o quarter_n or_o vertical_a quadrant_n respect_v the_o eastern_a or_o western_a aequinoctial_a fall_v in_o with_o the_o point_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la which_o be_v 90_o deg_fw-la absent_a from_o the_o meridian_n of_o every_o place_n therefore_o first_o let_v the_o point_n draw_v from_o the_o give_v place_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o aequinoctial_a quarter_n or_o point_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o the_o horizon_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o all_o the_o place_n seek_v ought_v so_o to_o be_v seat_v from_o the_o oriental_a part_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o amsterdam_n so_o that_o their_o quarter_n or_o primary_n vertical_a quadrant_n respect_v the_o west_n must_v cut_v the_o quadrant_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la between_o the_o point_n in_o the_o occident_n and_o the_o meridian_n therefore_o from_o every_o one_o of_o the_o point_n of_o this_o quadrant_n let_v the_o great_a periphery_n be_v conceive_v pass_v through_o amsterdam_n and_o the_o meridian_n draw_v from_o these_o point_v as_o from_o the_o pole_n in_o which_o the_o first_o conceive_v periphery_n every_o one_o cut_v their_o meridian_n be_v those_o demand_v they_o make_v such_o a_o crooked_a line_n as_o i_o have_v say_v which_o put_v itself_o into_o the_o pole_n neither_o be_v it_o infinite_a hence_o the_o difference_n be_v manifest_a between_o the_o crooked_a line_n and_o the_o loxodromic_a for_o this_o do_v not_o arise_v in_o journey_n institute_v towards_o the_o eastern_a or_o western_a aequinoctial_a all_o the_o kind_n of_o this_o of_o which_o we_o now_o do_v speak_v be_v such_o that_o be_v contain_v and_o run_v within_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o quadrant_n of_o the_o 2_o merid._n who_o distance_n do_v not_o exceed_v 90_o deg_fw-la but_o where_o any_o quarter_n be_v give_v intermedial_a between_o the_o cardines_fw-la for_o example_n place_n be_v seek_v from_o which_o amsterdam_n lie_v towards_o the_o south-west_n or_o in_o the_o quarter_n remove_v 45_o deg_fw-la from_o the_o meridian_n of_o every_o place_n towards_o the_o west_n from_o the_o south_n first_o therefore_o let_v another_o meridian_n from_o the_o oriental_a part_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v imagine_v for_o in_o this_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o place_n seek_v aught_o to_o be_v which_o with_o amsterdam_n make_v a_o angle_n of_o 45_o deg_fw-la or_o between_o which_o and_o that_o of_o amsterdam_n the_o intercept_a arch_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v 45_o deg_fw-la this_o shall_v be_v the_o term_n of_o the_o place_n seek_v for_o neither_o beyond_o it_o can_v any_o place_n be_v find_v in_o any_o meridian_n which_o do_v satisfy_v let_v a_o perpendicular_a periphery_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v draw_v from_o amsterdam_n into_o this_o meridian_n moreover_o because_o the_o quarter_n give_v seem_v to_o incline_v towards_o the_o south_n from_o the_o west_n thence_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o place_n demand_v shall_v be_v situate_v in_o the_o space_n of_o the_o triangle_n who_o side_n be_v now_o first_o draw_v perpendicular_a second_o part_n of_o this_o meridian_n be_v intercept_v between_o the_o draw_a periphery_n and_o the_o vicine_fw-la pole_n three_o part_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v between_o amsterdam_n and_o the_o adjacent_a pole_n in_o this_o space_n the_o crooked_a line_n all_o who_o point_n answer_v the_o demand_n be_v seat_v which_o creep_v forward_o from_o amsterdam_n with_o a_o crooked_a passage_n even_o to_o the_o pole_n for_o the_o description_n of_o it_o many_o meridian_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o which_o the_o great_a periphery_n draw_v to_o amsterdam_n may_v make_v with_o the_o meridian_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v draw_v and_o angle_n of_o forty_o five_o degree_n for_o our_o example_n so_o many_o point_n of_o this_o crooked_a line_n to_o be_v describe_v shall_v be_v find_v we_o have_v treat_v full_o of_o this_o crooked_a line_n in_o our_o book_n of_o crooked_a line_n here_o we_o have_v only_o touch_v what_o be_v proper_a to_o geography_n proposition_n iu._n the_o latitude_n of_o one_o place_n be_v give_v and_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o other_o place_n and_o the_o quarter_n in_o which_o this_o other_o place_n in_o seat_v from_o it_o to_o find_v the_o quarter_n of_o this_o other_o place_n in_o which_o the_o former_a place_n be_v seat_v at_o this_o other_o place_n it_o will_v be_v better_o understand_v by_o a_o example_n viz._n let_v the_o quarter_n be_v give_v in_o which_o the_o city_n of_o hamburgh_n be_v seat_v from_o amsterdam_n we_o seek_v the_o quarter_n in_o which_o amsterdam_n be_v seat_v from_o hamburgh_n the_o vulgar_a opinion_n be_v that_o the_o contrary_a quarter_n be_v to_o be_v take_v which_o be_v false_a and_o in_o this_o all_o mariner_n chart_n and_o all_o right_o line_v map_n do_v much_o err_v the_o solution_n be_v easy_a by_o a_o trigonometrical_a calculation_n or_o by_o the_o globe_n or_o by_o the_o plain_a sphere_n proposition_n v._o to_o make_v a_o terrestrial_a globe_n globe_n of_o the_o make_n a_o terrestrial_a globe_n so_o the_o vulgar_a speak_v very_o confuse_o by_o this_o problem_n but_o the_o distinct_a understanding_n of_o it_o be_v thus_o to_o be_v propound_v in_o a_o mathematical_a style_n any_o piont_n be_v give_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o any_o globe_n which_o be_v put_v to_o represent_v any_o place_n situate_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o in_o the_o give_v half_a periphery_n to_o find_v out_o any_o line_n and_o point_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o same_o globe_n which_o be_v so_o mutual_o seat_v to_o the_o give_v point_n and_o to_o themselves_o as_o the_o place_n and_o line_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v represent_v by_o they_o be_v situate_v to_o the_o place_n first_o take_v and_o mutual_a to_o themselves_o the_o first_o mode_n globe_n the_o first_o mode_n of_o make_v terrestrial_a globe_n the_o best_a most_o easy_a and_o exact_a method_n be_v that_o by_o which_o from_o the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n itself_o the_o place_n and_o point_v fight_v for_o or_o represent_v the_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v consign_v which_o although_o artificer_n do_v not_o use_v in_o make_v of_o terrestrial_a globe_n which_o be_v sell_v in_o a_o great_a number_n because_o that_o this_o may_v be_v do_v another_o way_n where_o from_o the_o abundance_n of_o their_o sale_n the_o cost_n and_o charge_n be_v sufficient_o
pay_v which_o be_v not_o of_o facility_n and_o lester_n expense_n for_o the_o make_n of_o one_o globe_n but_o most_o apt_a and_o prompt_a for_o the_o make_n of_o innumerable_a of_o the_o same_o magnitude_n and_o less_o expense_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o three_o place_n yet_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o constouction_n of_o it_o depend_v on_o this_o description_n conceive_v on_o the_o globe_n moreover_o where_o peculiar_a terrestrial_a globe_n be_v to_o be_v make_v in_o brass_n of_o a_o notable_a magnitude_n and_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v to_o be_v design_v on_o its_o superficies_n as_o brince_n that_o favour_v the_o mathematics_n be_v wont_a to_o have_v they_o holstein_n a_o great_a globe_n a_o prepare_v for_o frederick_n duke_n of_o holstein_n as_o for_o example_n frederick_n duke_n of_o holstein_n have_v order_v such_o a_o globe_n to_o be_v make_v who_o oavity_n be_v to_o be_v so_o great_a that_o one_o may_v commodious_o set_v in_o it_o and_o in_o the_o superficies_n all_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v to_o be_v paint_v in_o a_o golden_a colour_n or_o little_a star_n make_v be_v let_v in_o with_o a_o small_a instrument_n and_o the_o sun_n movable_a and_o to_o be_v turn_v in_o the_o zodiac_n and_o with_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o small_a instrument_n shall_v be_v wheel_v round_o in_o 24_o hour_n so_o that_o the_o spectator_n set_v within_o its_o cavity_n may_v see_v the_o star_n in_o one_o and_o another_o situation_n to_o arise_v ascend_v to_o the_o meridies_n to_o set_v even_o as_o we_o see_v the_o star_n to_o do_v in_o the_o heaven_n but_o the_o external_a superficies_n to_o come_v to_o our_o purpose_n shall_v exhibit_v all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o this_o globe_n shall_v be_v both_o celestial_a and_o terrestrial_a but_o when_o i_o say_v such_o place_n be_v to_o be_v engrave_v or_o paint_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o great_a globe_n artist_n can_v use_v their_o mode_n by_o apply_v of_o map_n make_v of_o paper_n 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the_o compliment_n of_o the_o latitude_n or_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o pole_n be_v take_v from_o the_o same_o point_n or_o from_o another_o point_n in_o the_o same_o periphery_a the_o term_n of_o this_o arch_n shall_v be_v the_o point_n which_o must_v represent_v the_o arctic_a and_o antarctick_a pole_n of_o the_o earth_n because_o it_o be_v so_o seat_v at_o the_o give_v point_n as_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v put_v to_o be_v represent_v from_o the_o point_n therefore_o we_o call_v this_o point_n the_o pole_n of_o the_o globe_n but_o the_o term_n of_o the_o arch_n first_o note_v show_v the_o point_n in_o which_o the_o aequator_fw-la cut_v the_o meridian_n of_o the_o give_v place_n and_o therefore_o from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o globe_n let_v a_o great_a periphery_n be_v draw_v by_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o compass_n from_o that_o pole_n to_o the_o mention_v term_v which_o shall_v be_v the_o line_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o the_o 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which_o the_o table_n of_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n which_o be_v to_o be_v use_v in_o the_o designation_n of_o place_n do_v acknowledge_v for_o the_o first_o or_o from_o whence_o they_o number_v the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o other_o place_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o place_n first_o give_v be_v not_o that_o which_o the_o table_n acknowledge_v let_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o first_o give_v place_n be_v take_v from_o the_o table_n and_o let_v so_o many_o degree_n be_v number_v from_o that_o point_n in_o the_o aequator_fw-la where_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o first_o place_n cut_v it_o the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n shall_v be_v the_o point_n for_o the_o first_o meridian_n of_o the_o table_n now_o unto_o what_o quarter_n the_o numeration_n must_v be_v make_v be_v know_v viz._n towards_o the_o west_n but_o what_o part_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o occidental_a quarter_n and_o what_o for_o the_o oriental_a quarter_n from_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o first_o place_n you_o shall_v thus_o know_v so_o place_v the_o globe_n that_o the_o semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n conta_v the_o first_o point_n may_v be_v uppermost_a the_o other_o beneath_o and_o regard_v the_o globe_n now_o the_o pole_n arctic_a shall_v be_v hear_v the_o antarctick_a more_o remote_a if_o that_o the_o place_n give_v near_o the_o arctic_a pole_n but_o if_o near_o the_o antarctick_a than_o the_o antarctick_a must_v be_v place_v near_o we_o so_o that_o hemisphere_n which_o be_v in_o our_o right_a hand_n must_v be_v take_v for_o the_o occidental_a place_n and_o the_o other_o for_o the_o oriental_a but_o in_o the_o section_n of_o the_o first_o meridian_n note_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la let_v those_o number_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la beginning_n from_o that_o section_n viz._n 10_o 20_o 30_o and_o so_o on_o and_o then_o so_o must_v it_o be_v do_v in_o represent_v for_o any_o other_o place_n let_v the_o 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other_o give_v than_o to_o be_v use_v for_o the_o make_n of_o a_o entire_a globe_n for_o it_o use_v the_o distance_n of_o place_n let_v the_o great_a periphery_n or_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o great_a periphery_n be_v draw_v through_o the_o globe_n and_o in_o this_o from_o the_o give_v point_n let_v the_o arch_n be_v take_v as_o much_o as_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o other_o place_n be_v from_o the_o place_n first_o give_v the_o term_n of_o the_o arch_n shall_v be_v other_o place_n then_o if_o you_o will_v design_n any_o three_o place_n take_v by_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o compass_n the_o distance_n of_o that_o three_o place_n from_o the_o other_o two_o even_o now_o design_v and_o from_o these_o as_o from_o centre_n let_v the_o arch_n be_v describe_v by_o these_o interval_n of_o the_o compass_n the_o point_n in_o which_o these_o arch_n mutual_o cut_v one_o another_o be_v the_o point_n of_o the_o three_o place_n but_o as_o i_o have_v say_v that_o this_o mode_n be_v not_o commodious_a 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globe_n the_o three_o mode_n of_o make_v of_o globe_n the_o three_o mode_n of_o exhibit_v and_o represent_v the_o superficies_n and_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o give_v globe_n be_v that_o which_o artificer_n use_v in_o the_o make_n of_o all_o globe_n both_o celestial_a and_o terrestrial_a except_o those_o great_a one_o of_o which_o i_o have_v now_o speak_v which_o have_v nothing_o of_o compendiousness_n or_o commendation_n from_o the_o facility_n if_o that_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v but_o only_o to_o be_v represent_v from_o one_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v do_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o same_o magnitude_n this_o practice_n have_v great_a prerogative_n before_o the_o other_o for_o the_o mode_n be_v thus_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o part_n or_o more_o if_o the_o globe_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o a_o large_a form_n through_o the_o meridian_n draw_v from_o pole_n to_o pole_n so_o that_o in_o any_o two_o meridian_n the_o 12_o part_n of_o a_o superficies_n be_v include_v from_o pole_n to_o pole_n then_o on_o a_o plain_n let_v the_o like_a figure_n be_v include_v in_o such_o a_o part_n of_o the_o 12_o in_o two_o arch_n which_o then_o in_o the_o globe_n make_v the_o half_a periphery_n of_o the_o meridian_n and_o in_o many_o meridian_n draw_v through_o every_o degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o divide_v into_o portion_n and_o segment_n of_o the_o parallel_n afford_v a_o kind_n of_o lettice_a work_n the_o portion_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v in_o the_o midst_n all_o the_o meridian_n end_n in_o the_o pole_n than_o c._n e_o meridian_n be_v take_v for_o the_o first_o which_o the_o table_n of_o longitude_n acknowledge_v let_v the_o degree_n be_v note_v from_o it_o in_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o number_n be_v ascribe_v so_o that_o the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n of_o every_o place_n may_v â—e_v account_v then_o in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o place_n represent_v the_o 12_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n let_v the_o place_n be_v note_v for_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n every_o one_o at_o his_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n which_o be_v extract_v from_o the_o table_n and_o the_o name_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o table_n and_o the_o tract_n of_o the_o river_n and_o bay_n draw_v as_o also_o of_o the_o land_n these_o be_v thus_o describe_v on_o paper_n or_o wood_n then_o make_v a_o incision_n and_o engrave_v according_a to_o that_o exemplar_n in_o plate_n of_o brass_n which_o then_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o print_n press_n which_o be_v afterward_o apply_v and_o join_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n so_o that_o its_o end_n may_v touch_v the_o axis_n or_o pole_n of_o the_o globe_n yet_o in_o many_o the_o paper_n do_v not_o touch_v the_o pole_n but_o be_v so_o make_v only_o to_o touch_v the_o arctic_a or_o antarctick_a circle_n and_o peculiar_a paper_n be_v take_v for_o the_o polary_a space_n for_o so_o they_o be_v more_o easy_o apply_v especial_o in_o great_a one_o so_o in_o the_o superficies_n of_o this_o globe_n all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v exhibit_v to_o which_o be_v then_o add_v a_o brass_n meridian_n and_o horizon_n with_o a_o foot_n horary_a circle_n and_o a_o index_n mode_n the_o thing_n worthy_a of_o note_n in_o this_o mode_n there_o be_v two_o thing_n in_o this_o description_n which_o require_v a_o more_o full_a explication_n all_o the_o rest_n i_o suppose_v to_o be_v plain_a and_o intelligible_a first_o after_o what_o mode_n these_o 12_o or_o 24_o part_n be_v to_o be_v describe_v according_a to_o the_o example_n of_o which_o the_o engrave_v in_o brass_n must_v be_v make_v second_o how_o plain_a paper_n can_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n the_o first_o be_v thus_o donâ—â—ommodiously_o enough_o for_o example_n let_v the_o 12_o portion_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n from_o the_o pole_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v apply_v to_o the_o globe_n first_o from_o the_o know_a diameter_n of_o the_o globe_n let_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o great_a periphery_n be_v find_v out_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o archimedes_n or_o the_o other_o proportion_n of_o the_o periphery_a to_o the_o diameter_n for_o example_n let_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v two_o foot_n and_o let_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o foot_n in_o the_o note_a paper_n be_v divide_v into_o 10_o digit_n and_o the_o 10_o digit_n into_o 10_o grain_n that_o there_o may_v be_v 100_o part_n in_o a_o foot_n let_v it_o be_v do_v so_o that_o as_o 7_o be_v to_o 22_o so_o 200_o be_v to_o 628_o 4_o 7_o part_n or_o 6_o 28_o 200_o foot_n for_o the_o periphery_a the_o four_o part_n of_o this_o that_o be_v the_o quadrant_n of_o the_o periphery_n shall_v be_v of_o 157_o 1_o 7_o hundred_o or_o 1_o 57_o 10071_o foot_n and_o the_o 12_o part_n of_o 52_o 19_o 21_o hundred_o or_o ½_n a_o 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of_o the_o parallel_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la which_o we_o have_v deliver_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o iv_o chapter_n 4._o see_v chap._n 4._o so_o the_o point_n be_v sign_v in_o every_o periphery_a and_o arch_a you_o please_v a_o line_n must_v be_v draw_v through_o they_o and_o part_n of_o the_o paper_n perminate_v by_o these_o line_n must_v be_v cut_v off_o for_o this_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o globe_n will_v possess_v 1_o 12_o of_o the_o hemisphere_n now_o the_o application_n be_v easy_o perform_v viz._n if_o that_o the_o portion_n be_v small_a for_o in_o these_o the_o distance_n between_o straight_a and_o crooked_a be_v little_o discover_v especial_o of_o the_o earth_n when_o the_o paper_n have_v first_o
place_n and_o situation_n and_o therefore_o very_a unlike_o figure_n arise_v thence_o in_o the_o table_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o according_a to_o the_o various_a situation_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o we_o attribute_v to_o it_o without_o the_o earth_n or_o without_o that_o part_n which_o it_o ought_v to_o represent_v there_o arise_v a_o various_a representation_n of_o that_o superficies_n on_o the_o table_n for_o as_o there_o exi_v another_o sort_n of_o frontispiece_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o a_o house_n when_o the_o eye_n may_v behold_v it_o from_o a_o situation_n direct_o opposite_a another_o from_o a_o oblique_a situation_n another_o from_o a_o upper_a place_n another_o from_o a_o long_a place_n and_o so_o change_v according_a to_o the_o various_a situation_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o tutor_n may_v explain_v by_o diagram_n so_o there_o arise_v a_o different_a position_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v represent_v on_o the_o table_n if_o that_o the_o eye_n be_v so_o constitute_v or_o conceive_v in_o the_o air_n in_o such_o a_o situation_n that_o it_o may_v hang_v over_o the_o aequator_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n and_o otherwise_o if_o that_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o exist_v in_o the_o pretend_a axis_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o in_o the_o semi-axis_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n and_o otherwise_o if_o it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v eminent_a over_o any_o other_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o both_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o parallel_n as_o well_o as_o the_o meridian_n obtain_v various_a representation_n because_o the_o ray_n draw_v from_o they_o exist_v in_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o eye_n perforate_v the_o table_n in_o divers_a point_n endue_v with_o a_o various_a situation_n which_o the_o reader_n may_v easy_o understand_v profitable_a the_o direction_n of_o a_o tutor_n very_o profitable_a if_o that_o they_o have_v the_o live_a information_n and_o direction_n of_o a_o tutor_n the_o other_o which_o i_o 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fall_v into_o e_o a_o if_o that_o need_n be_v to_o protract_v it_o but_o the_o more_o easy_a invention_n in_o practice_n be_v if_o that_o right_a line_n be_v draw_v from_o b_o through_o every_o degree_n of_o the_o quadrant_n b_o a_n b_o c_o even_a to_o the_o protend_v line_n a_o c_o which_o make_v these_o point_n a_o b_o c_o d_o e_o and_o the_o like_a so_o that_o 1_o a_o shall_v be_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o meridian_n through_o which_o the_o 1_o ought_v to_o pass_v and_o the_o 26_o of_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o the_o 2_o and_o so_o the_o 3_o c_o 4_o d_o etc._n etc._n if_o therefore_o 14_o 26_o 30_o 4d_o etc._n etc._n be_v bissect_v we_o have_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o meridian_n to_o be_v describe_v but_o the_o operation_n will_v be_v less_o obnoxious_a to_o error_n and_o more_o easy_a especial_o in_o great_a map_n by_o a_o canon_n of_o tangent_n for_o so_o we_o shall_v have_v no_o need_n to_o draw_v line_n for_o to_o divide_v e_o a_o e_o c_o e_o b_o e_o d_o into_z degree_n 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so_o on_o must_v be_v ascribe_v if_o the_o scrituation_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v put_v such_o that_o his_o intersection_n and_o that_o of_o the_o aequator_fw-la may_v hang_v over_o the_o place_n a_o in_o the_o first_o meridian_n than_o his_o projecture_n shall_v become_v a_o portion_n of_o the_o eclipse_n who_o two_o point_n be_v a_o c_o the_o three_o that_o in_o which_o the_o meridian_n 90_o cut_v the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n the_o other_o point_n shall_v be_v find_v by_o the_o same_o mode_n which_o we_o have_v explain_v in_o the_o first_o mode_n viz._n if_o that_o we_o have_v the_o declination_n and_o right_a ascension_n of_o the_o 15_o degree_n of_o aries_n the_o 1_o of_o taurus_n the_o 15_o of_o taurus_n and_o the_o like_a where_o the_o parallel_n of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o declination_n cut_v the_o meridian_n take_v for_o every_o right_a ascension_n those_o point_n of_o the_o section_n be_v the_o 15_o of_o aries_n the_o 1_o of_o taurus_n and_o so_o on_o 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almost_o show_v the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o every_o place_n and_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o pole_n as_o they_o lie_v in_o the_o earth_n defect_n the_o defect_n the_o defect_n be_v that_o first_o it_o have_v unequal_a degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la viz._n in_o how_o much_o they_o be_v more_o near_o the_o first_o meridian_n d_o a_o b_o or_o the_o opposite_a b_o c_o d_o by_z so_o much_o they_o be_v the_o great_a and_o therefore_o the_o equal_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o these_o table_n be_v also_o make_v unequal_a as_o in_o the_o precede_a mode_n this_o defect_n may_v be_v in_o part_n correct_v if_o the_o eye_n be_v remove_v far_o
from_o the_o earth_n viz._n the_o region_n about_o e_o be_v lesser_a about_o a_o c_o great_a than_o they_o ought_v by_o proportion_n to_o be_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o region_n about_o the_o pole_n b_o d_o be_v make_v big_a than_o they_o ought_v second_o the_o situation_n of_o one_o place_n to_o another_o can_v be_v commodious_o examine_v neither_o thence_o can_v we_o find_v the_o distance_n of_o place_n the_o three_o four_o and_o five_o mode_n of_o right_o line_v map_n place_n the_o 3d._n four_o 5_o mode_n of_o right_o line_v map_n see_v scheme_n in_o place_n there_o be_v sell_v by_o artificer_n universal_a geographical_a map_n of_o right_a line_n viz._n in_o which_o both_o the_o circle_n of_o longitude_n meridian_n and_o of_o latitude_n parallel_n be_v design_v by_o right_a line_n which_o be_v impossible_a according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n neither_o can_v there_o be_v any_o situation_n or_o position_n assign_v to_o the_o eye_n or_o glass_n that_o both_o 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in_o e_o b_o which_o show_v the_o 52_o deg_fw-la of_o the_o arch_n b_o c_o shall_v be_v the_o projecture_n of_o the_o arctic_a pole_n let_v the_o point_n in_o e_o d_o be_v note_v with_o the_o letter_n p_o which_o represent_v the_o 52_o deg_fw-la of_o the_o arch_n d_o c_o by_o account_v from_o c_o to_z d_o shall_v be_v the_o projecture_n of_o the_o intersection_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o meridian_n of_o london_n let_v the_o letter_n qui_fw-fr be_v note_v and_o from_o that_o towards_o the_o letter_n p_o let_v the_o number_n of_o the_o degree_n 1_o 2_o 3_o etc._n etc._n be_v ascribe_v also_o from_o q_o towards_o d_o and_z from_z b_o towards_z p_o viz._n 52_o 53_o 54_o 55_o etc._n etc._n then_o the_o point_n be_v take_v from_o p_o of_o the_o equal_a degree_n viz._n 99_o and_o 99_o also_o 88_o and_o 88_o let_v these_o be_v describe_v about_o these_o part_n as_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o periphery_n of_o the_o circle_n which_o shall_v represent_v the_o parallel_n or_o circle_n 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through_o three_o give_v point_n which_o shall_v represent_v all_o the_o meridian_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o arch_n to_o be_v describe_v be_v seat_v in_o the_o same_o k_o l_o viz._n those_o which_o be_v find_v by_o the_o former_a section_n but_o to_o be_v take_v with_o this_o condition_n that_o the_o most_o remote_a centre_n at_o l_o be_v choose_v for_o the_o near_a meridian_n from_o b_o d_o n_o towards_o a_o and_o for_o the_o second_o the_o second_o from_o this_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o latitude_n and_o the_o meridian_n be_v thus_o describe_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o inscribe_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n on_o a_o map_n and_o the_o situation_n of_o they_o all_o to_o london_n will_v be_v conspicuous_a moreover_o to_o affix_v the_o rule_n to_o the_o place_n of_o london_n the_o same_o part_n shall_v be_v bring_v in_o into_z which_z e_z b_o be_v divide_v and_o the_o number_n of_o degree_n must_v be_v ascribe_v so_o the_o rule_n be_v bring_v round_o unto_o every_o place_n we_o shall_v present_o know_v both_o how_o great_a a_o interval_n they_o lie_v from_o amsterdam_n and_o in_o what_o quater_fw-la they_o lie_v in_o respect_n of_o it_o now_o how_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o globe_n such_o a_o map_n shall_v be_v make_v we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o four_o mode_n of_o particular_a map_n the_o first_o mode_n of_o geographical_a particular_a map_n we_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o make_n of_o general_n or_o universal_a map_n now_o it_o be_v require_v that_o we_o shall_v teach_v the_o composition_n of_o particular_a or_o special_a map_n america_n of_o particular_a or_o special_a map_n as_o of_o asia_n africa_n europe_n america_n the_o part_n therefore_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o we_o will_v represent_v on_o the_o map_n be_v either_o great_a or_o small_a it_o great_a as_o asia_n africa_n europe_n america_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o institute_v a_o declination_n according_a to_o the_o modes_n explain_v for_o general_a map_n but_o in_o divers_a part_n sundey_a way_n be_v more_o commodious_a africa_n and_o america_n because_o the_o aequator_fw-la pass_v through_o they_o be_v not_o commodious_o exhibit_v by_o the_o first_o mode_n but_o most_o apt_o by_o the_o second_o the_o eye_n be_v place_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o aequator_fw-la above_o the_o middle_a meridian_n between_o the_o extreme_n which_o shut_v up_o africa_n or_o america_n therefore_o in_o these_o map_n the_o aequator_fw-la be_v a_o right_a line_n but_o the_o parallel_n and_o the_o meridian_n be_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o circle_n but_o to_o represent_v asia_n and_o europe_n the_o first_o and_o six_o mode_n be_v more_o commodious_a but_o for_o the_o polary_a land_n or_o frigid_a zone_n we_o have_v say_v that_o the_o first_o mode_n be_v most_o apt_a in_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o same_o first_o therefore_o a_o straight_a line_n must_v be_v draw_v upon_o the_o plain_a for_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n unto_o which_o we_o will_v have_v the_o eye_n hang_v over_o and_o that_o must_v be_v divide_v into_o degree_n according_a to_o the_o method_n explain_v in_o the_o precede_a modes_n and_o which_o shall_v be_v degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o number_n of_o which_o must_v be_v ascribe_v then_o from_o the_o table_n must_v be_v extract_v the_o latitude_n of_o both_o parallel_n viz._n that_o which_o terminate_v the_o region_n from_o both_o side_n which_o represent_v the_o pole_n the_o degree_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o these_o must_v be_v note_v in_o the_o right_a line_n or_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o through_o those_o point_n straight_o perpendicular_a line_n must_v be_v draw_v which_o enclose_v the_o map_n towards_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a quarter_n then_o parallel_n and_o meridian_n must_v be_v draw_v at_o every_o degree_n and_o the_o place_n inscribe_v until_o the_o map_n be_v perfect_v the_o second_o mode_n of_o describe_v particular_a map_n map_n the_o second_o mode_n of_o particular_a map_n artificer_n be_v wont_a to_o use_v another_o method_n in_o region_n not_o so_o large_a but_o only_o moderate_a or_o small_a first_o a_o tranverse_n line_n be_v draw_v in_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o table_n for_o the_o circle_n of_o latitude_n in_o which_o the_o end_n of_o the_o region_n respect_v the_o aequator_fw-la be_v to_o be_v draw_v in_o that_o so_o many_o part_n be_v take_v equal_o through_o how_o many_o deg_fw-la of_o longitude_n that_o region_n be_v extend_v from_o that_o part_n then_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o line_n a_o perpendicular_a be_v draw_v which_o have_v so_o many_o part_n as_o there_o be_v deg_fw-la of_o longitude_n between_o the_o bound_n of_o that_o region_n towards_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o pole_n but_o how_o great_a these_o part_n shall_v be_v be_v know_v from_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o deg_fw-la of_o the_o first_o circle_n which_o be_v great_a to_o the_o deg_fw-la of_o parallel_n which_o be_v represent_v from_o the_o low_a transverse_a line_n through_o the_o term_n of_o this_o perpendicular_a another_o perpendicular_a or_o parallel_v to_o the_o inferior_a line_n be_v draw_v in_o which_o so_o many_o deg_fw-la of_o longitude_n must_v be_v take_v as_o be_v in_o the_o low_a line_n and_o equal_a to_o they_o of_o the_o low_a line_n if_o these_o latitude_n be_v not_o much_o distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o mutual_a from_o themselves_o but_o if_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v great_a or_o if_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o ultimate_a latitude_n of_o the_o region_n be_v great_a above_o that_o which_o be_v more_o near_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o part_n to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o transverse_a line_n shall_v not_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o part_n of_o the_o inferior_a line_n but_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v lesser_a according_a to_o proportion_n which_o the_o degree_n of_o this_o more_o remote_a parallel_n have_v to_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o inferior_a line_n which_o proportion_n be_v know_v from_o the_o table_n we_o have_v place_v in_o the_o four_o chapter_n iu._n see_v chap._n iu._n after_o the_o part_n be_v thus_o take_v for_o the_o deg_fw-la of_o longitude_n in_o the_o superior_a and_o inferior_a line_n the_o right_a line_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v through_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o same_o number_n which_o right_a line_n shall_v represent_v the_o meridian_n line_n then_o through_o every_o deg_fw-la of_o its_o perpendicular_a which_o we_o have_v order_v to_o be_v erect_v from_o the_o middle_a point_n of_o the_o inferior_a line_n line_n parallel_n to_o that_o low_a line_n must_v be_v draw_v through_o the_o beginning_n of_o every_o degree_n which_o shall_v show_v the_o parallel_n of_o latitude_n in_o the_o last_o place_n place_n must_v be_v inscribe_v at_o the_o point_n in_o which_o the_o parallel_n of_o every_o
let_v the_o quadrant_n p_o q_n be_v divide_v into_o 90_o degree_n and_o let_v so_o many_o degree_n be_v take_v beneath_o q_o as_o much_o as_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o hemisphere_n be_v to_o be_v represent_v and_o through_o the_o term_n r_o let_v it_o be_v draw_v to_o qui_fw-fr m_o parallel_n at_o m_o o_fw-fr to_o wit_n r_o s_o moreover_o from_o o_o let_v right_a line_n be_v draw_v to_o every_o degree_n of_o the_o quadrant_n n_o q_n or_o n_n q_o r_o if_o a_o great_a portion_n than_o the_o hemisphere_n be_v to_o be_v exhibit_v which_o divide_v the_o right_a line_n m_o qui_fw-fr or_o s_o r_o into_o such_o part_n which_o in_o projecture_n shall_v show_v the_o degree_n then_o let_v a_o line_n be_v take_v how_o much_o we_o will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o most_o remote_a place_n from_o london_n in_o the_o table_n that_o be_v how_o much_o we_o will_v have_v to_o be_v half_o the_o table_n that_o line_n shall_v be_v divide_v as_o m_o qui_fw-fr or_o s_o k_o be_v divide_v and_o the_o part_n shall_v be_v note_v with_o number_n 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o etc._n etc._n for_o degree_n the_o distance_n take_v from_o this_o scale_n for_o every_o place_n from_o london_n if_o they_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o line_n of_o the_o quarter_n shall_v exhibit_v the_o point_n for_o the_o place_n and_o the_o map_n shall_v be_v make_v which_o we_o desire_v in_o the_o practice_n we_o may_v supersede_n from_o the_o pain_n of_o the_o line_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o quarter_n for_o it_o will_v be_v commodious_a to_o design_n a_o scale_n of_o degree_n in_o the_o rule_n who_o beginning_n if_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o london_n and_o the_o rule_n be_v bring_v round_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o periphery_a for_o the_o quarter_n of_o every_o place_n the_o point_n may_v present_o be_v note_v for_o any_o place_n account_v the_o distance_n on_o the_o rule_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o scale_n the_o practice_n will_v show_v this_o method_n easy_a the_o five_o mode_n concern_v sea_n map_n or_o chart_n chart_n the_o five_o mode_n treat_v of_o sea_n map_n or_o chart_n sea_n map_n or_o chart_n be_v of_o right_a line_n and_o have_v all_o their_o meridian_n parallel_n otherwise_o than_o the_o second_o mode_n have_v in_o the_o last_o member_n they_o be_v twofold_a as_o we_o have_v say_v that_o universals_z be_v twofold_a in_o the_o four_o and_o five_o mode_n of_o universals_z viz_o of_o equal_a degree_n of_o latitude_n or_o unequal_a degree_n the_o construction_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o universals_z the_o difference_n be_v only_o that_o they_o represent_v part_n and_o admit_v of_o divers_a nautick_n or_o sea_n compass_n of_o their_o use_n we_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n chart_n become_v of_o equal_a degree_n if_o that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n a_o little_a vary_v in_o latitude_n be_v to_o be_v represent_v such_o be_v the_o chart_n for_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a they_o be_v make_v of_o unequal_a degree_n if_o that_o the_o latitude_n be_v great_a chap._n xxxiii_o of_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n proposition_n i._n two_o point_n or_o place_n be_v give_v on_o the_o globe_n to_o draw_v a_o line_n or_o arch_n from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o which_o may_v be_v part_n of_o the_o great_a periphery_n of_o the_o globe_n or_o to_o describe_v on_o the_o superficies_n a_o periphery_a of_o the_o great_a circle_n which_o may_v pass_v through_o the_o two_o give_v point_n place_n concern_v the_o distance_n of_o place_n let_v we_o conceive_v two_o right_a line_n draw_v from_o one_o point_n to_o the_o other_o and_o from_o both_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o globe_n or_o earth_n which_o three_o line_n shall_v make_v a_o triangle_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v on_o one_o plain_n this_o plain_n protend_v may_v cut_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n the_o section_n shall_v be_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o great_a circle_n and_o the_o arch_n intercept_v between_o both_o place_n shall_v be_v that_o seek_v for_o or_o let_v the_o interval_n of_o the_o quadrant_n of_o the_o great_a periphery_n be_v take_v with_o the_o compass_n and_o one_o foot_n be_v fix_v on_o one_o of_o the_o give_v place_n let_v the_o arch_n be_v describe_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n then_o the_o other_o arch_n the_o foot_n be_v fix_v on_o the_o other_o give_v point_n the_o cannon_n section_n of_o these_o two_o arch_n shall_v be_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o periphery_a to_o be_v describe_v or_o in_o which_o if_o one_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n be_v design_v and_o the_o periphery_a describe_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n we_o shall_v have_v the_o arch_n demand_v intercept_v between_o the_o two_o give_v place_n proposition_n ii_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o place_n on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v very_o short_a or_o the_o short_a way_n from_o one_o place_n to_o the_o other_o be_v only_o one_o except_o the_o place_n of_o the_o antipode_n viz._n the_o arch_n of_o the_o great_a periphery_n which_o be_v intercept_v between_o those_o two_o place_n other_o the_o short_a distance_n of_o two_o place_n be_v a_o right_a line_n draw_v from_o one_o point_n to_o the_o other_o the_o short_a distance_n of_o these_o two_o point_n be_v a_o right_a line_n draw_v from_o one_o point_n to_o the_o other_o as_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o definition_n of_o archimedes_n and_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o deduct_v from_o other_o definition_n also_o the_o short_a distance_n of_o two_o place_n exist_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o right_a line_n which_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v draw_v from_o one_o place_n to_o the_o other_o but_o see_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o crooked_a convex_a thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o right_a line_n which_o be_v true_o the_o short_a distance_n of_o the_o two_o place_n may_v fall_v between_o the_o cavity_n of_o this_o superficies_n but_o we_o consider_v only_o those_o way_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o which_o be_v on_o the_o very_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o crooked_a line_n wherefore_o we_o add_v in_o the_o proposition_n the_o short_a distance_n on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n between_o these_o way_n or_o intercept_v line_n there_o be_v one_o which_o be_v short_a of_o all_o viz._n the_o arch_n of_o the_o great_a periphery_n intercept_v between_o any_o two_o point_n so_o draw_v as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n that_o therefore_o this_o arch_n or_o crooked_a intercept_a line_n be_v short_a than_o all_o the_o other_o crooked_a circular_a intercept_a line_n of_o which_o there_o be_v infinite_a be_v manifest_a from_o this_o geometrical_a theorem_n if_o the_o arch_n of_o two_o unequal_a periphery_n be_v take_v who_o subtended_a line_n be_v equal_a or_o the_o same_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o great_a periphery_n shall_v be_v lesser_a than_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o lesser_a periphery_n of_o the_o earth_n except_o that_o arch_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v of_o the_o great_a periphery_n but_o that_o this_o arch_n be_v also_o lesser_a than_o the_o other_o crooked_a not_o circular_a solid_a line_n as_o the_o helices_n such_o as_o may_v be_v infinite_o suppose_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n intercept_v between_o two_o place_n be_v show_v from_o other_o for_o this_o theorem_fw-la do_v not_o belong_v to_o geography_n but_o to_o geometry_n which_o also_o show_v only_o that_o one_o arch_n of_o the_o great_a periphery_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o not_o many_o proposition_n iii_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n be_v not_o change_v lesser_a itinerary_a distance_n of_o place_n may_v be_v great_a or_o lesser_a the_o itinerary_a distance_n of_o place_n may_v sometime_o be_v great_a and_o sometime_o lesser_a but_o the_o true_a and_o short_a geographical_a distance_n remain_v the_o same_o except_o you_o conceive_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v rend_v or_o tear_v but_o here_o we_o understand_v place_n to_o be_v the_o point_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v immovable_a and_o therefore_o the_o superficies_n intercept_v between_o two_o place_n become_v high_a the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n shall_v also_o be_v make_v great_a if_o more_o depress_v lesser_a proposition_n iu._n no_o map_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v distant_a a_o great_a interval_n than_o 2700_o german_a mile_n whereof_o 15_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o degree_n therefore_o because_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a the_o short_a arch_n can_v fall_v between_o two_o point_n of_o it_o degree_n fifteen_o german_n make_v a_o degree_n which_o be_v great_a than_o 180_o deg_fw-la that_o be_v than_o the_o semiperiphery_n of_o the_o great_a
which_o the_o other_o place_n be_v situate_v at_o the_o place_n which_o be_v represent_v from_o that_o bound_n and_o let_v the_o extension_n of_o the_o quadrant_n be_v note_v with_o chalk_n on_o the_o globe_n then_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o other_o bind_v and_o the_o quadrant_n be_v affix_v to_o that_o term_n the_o other_o extremity_n to_o the_o other_o give_v quarter_n the_o point_n in_o which_o the_o quadrant_n shall_v cut_v the_o arch_n mark_v with_o chalk_n shall_v represent_v the_o three_o place_n whence_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o take_v the_o distance_n from_o these_o two_o term_n chap._n xxxiv_o of_o the_o visible_a or_o sensible_a horizon_n a_o sensible_a horizon_n be_v a_o periphery_a on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o bound_v the_o prospect_n of_o the_o eye_n move_v round_o about_o or_o which_o terminate_v part_n of_o the_o superficies_n which_o the_o eye_n move_v about_o may_v see_v or_o from_o whence_o the_o ray_n may_v come_v to_o the_o eye_n his_o semidiameter_n be_v term_v the_o great_a arch_n of_o the_o earth_n intercept_v between_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o spectator_n and_o that_o periphery_n which_o therefore_o be_v perpendicular_a over_o it_o proposition_n i._o the_o extension_n or_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n various_o exi_v both_o according_a to_o the_o divers_a altitude_n of_o the_o eye_n as_o also_o from_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o take_v semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n what_o a_o sensible_a horizon_n what_o let_v the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v m_o p_o n_o q._n let_v t_o be_v the_o centre_n t_o p_o the_o semidiameter_n p_o o_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o eye_n let_v o_o be_v the_o eye_n let_v the_o tangent_n o_o n_n o_o m_o be_v draw_v from_o o_o and_o let_v we_o conceive_v the_o ray_n n_o o_fw-fr to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v carry_v about_o on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o to_o describe_v the_o periphery_a this_o shall_v be_v the_o sensible_a horizon_n his_o semidiameter_n p_o n_n p_o m_o for_o the_o ray_n n_o o_fw-fr m_o o_o be_v the_o last_o which_o from_o o_o can_v come_v to_o the_o eye_n from_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o we_o here_o suppose_v to_o be_v perfect_o round_a and_o it_o be_v manifest_a if_o we_o take_v the_o lesser_a or_o great_a altitude_n than_o p_o o_o that_o also_o the_o arch_n p_o n_o shall_v be_v great_a or_o lesser_a after_o the_o same_o mode_n if_o f_o p_o be_v make_v to_o be_v of_o more_o or_o few_o mile_n p_o n_o shall_v also_o be_v of_o more_o or_o few_o mile_n horizon_n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_n concern_v this_o horizon_n these_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o ancient_a author_n have_v follow_v divers_a opinion_n concern_v this_o horizon_n or_o extension_n of_o sight_n for_o macrobius_n assign_v to_o it_o the_o semidiameter_n p_o n_n of_o 180_o stadia_n that_o be_v 22_o ½_n mile_n eratosthenes_n 350_o stadia_n which_o make_v 44_o mile_n albertus_n magnus_n 1000_o which_o make_v 125_o mile_n proclus_n 2000_o stadia_n that_o be_v 250_o mile_n many_o assign_v 500_o stadia_n that_o be_v 62_o ½_n mile_n yet_o i_o suppose_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o these_o assignation_n not_o only_o to_o be_v those_o of_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v but_o the_o divers_a assume_v distance_n of_o the_o stadia_fw-la as_o shall_v be_v manifest_a from_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n ii_o the_o stature_n of_o a_o man_n be_v give_v from_o the_o foot_n to_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v give_v to_o find_v out_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n let_v p_o o_fw-fr be_v the_o stature_n of_o a_o man_n o_o the_o eye_n t_o p_o be_v the_o semidiameter_n o_o n_n be_v the_o ray_n touch_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n terminate_a the_o sensible_a horizon_n or_o the_o aspect_n therefore_o p_o n_n be_v the_o semidiameter_n the_o longitude_n of_o this_o be_v demand_v let_v p_o o_fw-fr be_v add_v for_o example_n of_o five_o foot_n to_o t_o p_o the_o semediameter_n 19598300_o so_o you_o shall_v have_v t_o o_fw-fr and_o in_o the_o triangle_n n_o t_o o_o beside_o t_o o_fw-fr and_o t_o n_n we_o know_v the_o angle_n t_o n_o o_o to_o be_v right_a or_o 90_o degree_n therefore_o n_n t_o o_fw-fr be_v find_v according_a to_o this_o proportion_n as_o t_o o_fw-fr be_v to_o t_o n_n so_o be_v the_o whole_a sinus_fw-la to_o the_o sinus_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n n_o o_fw-fr t_o who_o compliment_n at_o 90_o degree_n be_v the_o angle_n n_n t_o o_o or_o the_o arch_n n_o p_o which_o may_v be_v turn_v into_o mile_n corollary_n we_o therefore_o may_v thence_o know_v that_o if_o this_o or_o that_o quantity_n of_o the_o semidiameter_n t_o n_n or_o t_o p_o be_v take_v and_o another_o altitude_n of_o the_o eye_n o_o how_o great_a a_o variation_n there_o thence_o be_v of_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n proposition_n iii_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v give_v on_o a_o tower_n or_o mountain_n to_o find_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o last_o point_n unto_o which_o the_o eye_n extend_v itself_o or_o which_o the_o eye_n can_v see_v let_v p_o o_fw-fr be_v the_o give_v altitude_n of_o the_o tower_n in_o which_o the_o eye_n be_v place_v behold_v all_o round_a therefore_o in_o the_o triangle_n right_a angle_n n_n t_o o_o the_o give_v have_v themselves_o after_o the_o same_o mode_n as_o in_o the_o precede_a problem_n therefore_o the_o angle_n n_o t_o p_o and_o the_o arch_n n_o p_o shall_v be_v find_v after_o the_o same_o mode_n which_o we_o have_v use_v in_o the_o solution_n of_o the_o former_a proposition_n iv_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n be_v give_v or_o the_o great_a distance_n from_o which_o the_o eye_n be_v suppose_v to_o see_v to_o find_v out_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o eye_n eye_n of_o the_o find_n out_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o eye_n this_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o problem_n the_o great_a distance_n be_v give_v from_o which_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o mountain_n be_v see_v to_o find_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mountain_n in_o the_o triangle_n n_o t_o o_o let_v the_o right_a angle_n t_o n_o o_o be_v give_v and_o the_o angle_n n_o t_o o_o be_v know_v from_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n p_o n_n moreover_o let_v the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n t_o n_n be_v give_v therefore_o t_n o_o shall_v be_v find_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n as_o the_o whole_a sinus_fw-la be_v to_o the_o secant_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n n_o t_o o_o so_o be_v t_o n_n to_o t_o o._n from_o which_o if_o you_o subtract_v t_o p_o the_o remain_a number_n will_v show_v the_o seek_v for_o altitude_n of_o the_o eye_n proposition_n v._o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v give_v and_o of_o some_o erect_v scene_a magnitude_n as_o a_o tower_n the_o mast_n of_o a_o ship_n or_o a_o high_a mountain_n to_o find_v the_o distance_n of_o this_o from_o the_o eye_n that_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o ship_n eye_n to_o find_v the_o distance_n of_o a_o ship_n etc._n etc._n by_o the_o eye_n for_o example_n in_o the_o diagram_n in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n let_v p_o o_fw-fr be_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o eye_n in_o the_o ship_n tower_n or_o mountain_n let_v f_o s_n be_v the_o mast_n of_o another_o ship_n and_o let_v p_o be_v the_o point_n and_o f_o s_o the_o ship_n so_o seat_v that_o in_o p_o the_o first_o top_n of_o the_o mast_n s_o moi_fw-fr be_v see_v therefore_o the_o point_n s_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o line_n o_o n_n which_o be_v the_o tangent_fw-la draw_v from_o the_o eye_n o_o for_o whatsoever_o be_v seat_v beneath_o this_o o_o n_n x_o that_o can_v send_v forth_o no_o direct_a ray_n to_o the_o eye_n o_o but_o it_o must_v so_o draw_v near_o that_o the_o vertex_fw-la or_o point_n may_v fall_v into_o the_o right_a line_n o_o x._o therefore_o the_o distance_n f_o p_o be_v seek_v viz._n in_o which_o the_o first_o ray_n from_o s_n may_v come_v to_o the_o eye_n in_o the_o triangle_n n_o o_fw-fr t_o the_o angle_n n_o t_o o_o be_v find_v from_o the_o give_v n_n t_n t_o o_o and_o from_o the_o right_a angle_n t_o n_o o._n and_o again_o in_o the_o triangle_n right_a angle_n n_n t_o s_o n_o t_o t_o s_o be_v give_v and_o the_o right_a angle_n s_o n_o t_o the_o angle_n n_o t_o s_o shall_v be_v find_v out_o and_o so_o the_o whole_a angle_n o_o t_o s_o shall_v be_v have_v who_o measure_n be_v the_o arch_n p_o s_o the_o distance_n demand_v proposition_n vi_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v give_v and_o the_o distance_n from_o which_o first_o the_o
now_o this_o problem_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n line_n and_o the_o north_n and_o south_n quarter_n for_o these_o be_v know_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o know_v the_o rest_n first_o by_o the_o star_n viz._n in_o the_o night_n the_o bear_n or_o the_o helice_n and_o polary_a star_n so_o call_v in_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o vrsa_fw-la minor_n of_o great_a same_o among_o the_o ancient_n which_o show_v the_o north_n quarter_n whence_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v find_v for_o the_o face_n be_v turn_v to_o the_o north_n the_o east_n be_v at_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o west_n on_o the_o left_a the_o line_n of_o which_o quarter_n at_o right_a angle_n cut_v the_o line_n of_o the_o north_n and_o south_n and_o these_o cardinal_n quarter_n be_v find_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o find_v the_o intermedial_a quarter_n unto_o which_o purpose_n that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o description_n they_o have_v a_o circle_n make_v with_o the_o quarter_n who_o northern_a line_n be_v place_v above_o the_o northern_a line_n of_o any_o place_n the_o other_o quarter_n at_o one_o sight_n be_v discover_v but_o in_o the_o day_n they_o seek_v out_o the_o quarter_n by_o the_o rise_n or_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o xxviii_o chapter_n 28._o see_v chap._n 28._o 2._o the_o other_o method_n of_o the_o ancient_n for_o the_o know_v of_o quarter_n be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o situation_n or_o extension_n of_o the_o shore_n and_o one_o promontory_n to_o the_o other_o for_o see_v the_o quarter_n of_o this_o extension_n be_v know_v to_o they_o either_o from_o the_o map_n or_o from_o observation_n and_o experience_n they_o may_v in_o navigation_n by_o see_v they_o know_v the_o other_o quarter_n for_o one_o quarter_n be_v know_v all_o the_o rest_n be_v know_v therefore_o the_o ancient_n do_v not_o far_o depart_v from_o the_o coast_n viz._n that_o they_o may_v know_v the_o quarter_n by_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o know_a quarter_n of_o the_o extension_n of_o shore_n for_o they_o can_v not_o always_o use_v the_o method_n of_o the_o star_n and_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n 3._o the_o three_o method_n of_o the_o ancient_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o quarter_n be_v the_o observe_v course_n of_o the_o ship_n for_o go_v from_o any_o place_n and_o guide_v the_o ship_n to_o the_o know_a quarter_n they_o be_v able_a from_o the_o mutation_n of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o ship_n to_o know_v the_o quarter_n 4._o hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o dangerous_a and_o imperfect_a navigation_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v the_o ignorance_n of_o a_o method_n by_o which_o every_o where_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o vast_a ocean_n they_o may_v know_v the_o quarter_n and_o so_o that_o quarter_n unto_o which_o the_o ship_n be_v to_o be_v steer_v for_o as_o i_o have_v say_v the_o method_n by_o the_o star_n and_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v sun_n can_v be_v apply_v on_o all_o day_n and_o on_o the_o hour_n of_o every_o day_n for_o the_o mark_n from_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o shore_n fail_v in_o the_o mid_a sea_n in_o the_o night_n neither_o be_v it_o safe_a enough_o in_o the_o day_n time_n the_o three_o method_n from_o the_o observe_v course_n of_o the_o ship_n have_v not_o place_n when_o the_o ship_n be_v toss_v by_o boisterous_a wind_n and_o tempest_n from_o one_o quarter_n to_o another_o and_o in_o this_o casual_o lie_v the_o chief_a difficulty_n this_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o admonish_v concern_v the_o modes_n of_o the_o ancient_n for_o the_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n line_n and_o the_o north_n and_o south_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o imperfection_n of_o these_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o dangerous_a and_o small_a navigation_n of_o the_o ancient_n see_v that_o they_o be_v never_o able_a to_o commit_v themselves_o to_o the_o vast_a ocean_n and_o therefore_o never_o know_v those_o region_n between_o which_o the_o ocean_n be_v interpose_v of_o which_o the_o chief_a be_v all_o america_n never_o yet_o full_o know_v but_o at_o this_o day_n the_o method_n of_o know_v the_o quarter_n in_o all_o place_n and_o of_o find_v out_o the_o line_n of_o the_o north_n and_o south_n be_v facile_a by_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o admirable_a propriety_n which_o the_o loadstone_n and_o all_o iron_n touch_v by_o it_o have_v be_v find_v to_o have_v viz._n that_o all_o magnetick_n not_o hinder_v by_o other_o in_o any_o place_n direct_v their_o point_n almost_o to_o the_o same_o quarter_n for_o there_o be_v two_o opposite_a point_n in_o the_o loadstone_n whereof_o one_o always_o and_o in_o all_o place_n turn_v itself_o to_o the_o north_n or_o the_o adjacent_a quarter_n the_o other_o to_o the_o south_n and_o so_o also_o the_o other_o point_n of_o the_o magnes_n respect_v the_o other_o quarter_n viz._n every_o point_n its_o particular_a quarter_n but_o all_o of_o they_o be_v not_o consider_v but_o only_o those_o two_o point_n which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v do_v convert_v themselves_o to_o the_o north_n and_o south_n which_o be_v term_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o magnes_n one_o northern_a the_o other_o southern_a and_o the_o same_o virtue_n much_o to_o admiration_n be_v communicate_v to_o the_o needle_n but_o by_o a_o invert_v and_o contrary_a operation_n of_o nature_n for_o the_o end_n of_o the_o lamine_n or_o needle_n which_o be_v touch_v at_o the_o north_n pole_n of_o the_o magnes_n do_v not_o convert_v itself_o to_o the_o north_n but_o to_o the_o south_n and_o that_o end_n which_o be_v rub_v at_o the_o south_n pole_n of_o the_o loadstone_n turn_v not_o to_o the_o south_n but_o to_o the_o north._n these_o point_n of_o the_o needle_n be_v also_o term_v the_o pole_n loadstone_n the_o virtue_n of_o the_o loadstone_n although_o therefore_o the_o loadstone_n and_o the_o iron_n touch_v by_o it_o have_v very_o many_o notable_a property_n yet_o all_o may_v be_v refer_v to_o two_o species_n or_o head_n one_o be_v that_o virtue_n which_o do_v extract_v the_o iron_n the_o other_o by_o which_o in_o every_o place_n it_o direct_v the_o two_o point_n of_o its_o superficies_n to_o the_o north_n and_o south_n the_o former_a faculty_n the_o ancient_n be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o but_o only_o this_o latter_a see_v therefore_o the_o magnes_n have_v this_o property_n therefore_o by_o its_o help_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o find_v in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o sea_n where_o the_o north_n or_o south_n be_v whence_o all_o the_o other_o quarter_n be_v soon_o know_v for_o if_o those_o point_n of_o the_o north_n and_o south_n be_v note_v in_o any_o loadstone_n or_o the_o north_n and_o south_n pole_n and_o we_o have_v this_o magnes_n in_o the_o ship_n where_o we_o be_v in_o the_o sea_n when_o we_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o quarter_n the_o loadstone_n be_v hang_v by_o a_o cord_n that_o it_o may_v easy_o move_v itself_o will_v so_o direct_v its_o pole_n to_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o north_n and_o south_n that_o it_o will_v show_v the_o quarter_n demand_v but_o the_o magnetic_a needle_n be_v more_o easy_a for_o use_v who_o end_n be_v touch_v at_o the_o south_n pole_n of_o the_o magnes_n for_o if_o that_o this_o needle_n be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n upon_o a_o sharp_a perpendicular_a pin_n so_o that_o it_o can_v free_o turn_v round_o the_o needle_n rest_v will_v show_v by_o one_o of_o its_o end_n the_o north_n quarter_n and_o by_o the_o other_o the_o south_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o make_v a_o nautical_a instrument_n proposition_n ii_o to_o make_v a_o mariner_n compass_n compass_n of_o the_o make_n the_o mariner_n compass_n let_v the_o describe_v circle_n on_o any_o paper_n be_v divide_v into_o 32_o quarter_n or_o degree_n and_o let_v one_o of_o these_o deg_fw-la be_v take_v for_o the_o north_n quarter_n be_v ascribe_v with_o these_o appellation_n viz._n with_o a_o peculiar_a sign_n the_o flower_n de_fw-fr luce_n and_o the_o find_v out_o point_v for_o the_o other_o quarter_n viz._n south_n east_n west_n north-east_n north-west_n as_o we_o have_v propound_v they_o in_o the_o diagram_n in_o the_o xx_o chapter_n mariner_n term_v this_o chart_n the_o rose_n then_o let_v the_o magnetic_a needle_n be_v so_o affix_v beneath_o the_o chart_n that_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o needle_n may_v be_v beneath_o its_o centre_n and_o the_o north_n pole_n of_o the_o needle_n may_v be_v subject_v to_o the_o line_n of_o the_o paper_n unto_o which_o we_o ascribe_v the_o northern_a quarter_n moreover_o the_o paper_n be_v so_o make_v with_o the_o needle_n lie_v under_o let_v it_o be_v put_v upon_o the_o point_a pin_n that_o it_o may_v have_v a_o free_a circumrotation_n so_o the_o index_n of_o the_o
anthony_n and_o augustus_n on_o the_o other_o the_o chief_a place_n in_o this_o province_n be_v 1._o armiro_n now_o the_o seat_n of_o a_o turkish_a sangiac_n 2._o larissa_n seat_v on_o a_o fair_a river_n which_o at_o a_o small_a distance_n fall_v into_o the_o gulf_n of_o salonichi_n 3._o tricca_n and_o pharsalis_n epire._n province_n of_o epire._n the_o province_n of_o epire_n now_o call_v canina_n be_v very_o mountainous_a have_v for_o its_o chief_a place_n possess_v by_o the_o turk_n praveza_n and_o lartâ—_n both_o sea-town_n and_o the_o chief_a place_n in_o the_o venetian_n possession_n be_v torre_n de_fw-fr butrinto_n and_o perga_n both_o sea-town_n and_o place_n of_o good_a account_n opposite_a and_o nigh_o to_o which_o be_v the_o isle_n of_o corfou_n pindus_n mount_v pindus_n in_o this_o province_n be_v mount_n pindus_n sacred_a to_o apollo_n and_o the_o muse_n and_o here_o be_v also_o the_o acroceraunean_a hill_n so_o call_v for_o their_o be_v so_o subject_a to_o thunderclaps_a achaia_n province_n of_o achaia_n the_o province_n of_o achaia_n now_o call_v livadia_n wash_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o aegean_a sea_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o these_o part_n viz._n aetolia_n attica_n boeotia_n locris_n megaris_n doris_n and_o phocis_n in_o which_o part_n be_v several_a good_a city_n and_o town_n among_o which_o be_v 1._o athens_n now_o sitines_n more_o famous_a for_o its_o antiquity_n than_o any_o thing_n else_o be_v now_o scarce_o any_o other_o than_o a_o fisher_n town_n but_o former_o a_o large_a rich_a and_o stately_a city_n the_o nursery_n of_o learning_n and_o a_o place_n from_o whence_o all_o art_n and_o science_n spread_v themselves_o all_o over_o aeurope_n 2._o thebes_n now_o stives_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n gephisus_n famous_a for_o the_o war_n here_o make_v between_o polynices_n and_o eteocles_n son_n to_o prince_n oedipus_n it_o be_v sack_v by_o the_o macedon_n after_o which_o it_o be_v re-edify_v by_o cassander_n but_o of_o no_o account_n nor_o beauty_n to_o what_o it_o be_v former_o next_o to_o this_o city_n be_v the_o strait_n not_o above_o 25_o foot_n broad_a 3._o lepanto_n chief_a of_o aetolia_n seat_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o gulf_n so_o call_v and_o where_o augustus_n and_o anthony_n seek_v for_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o world_n and_o where_o more_o late_o be_v that_o signal_n battle_n between_o the_o confederate_a christian_n and_o the_o turk_n this_o city_n enjoy_v a_o good_a trade_n and_o afford_v several_a good_a commodity_n as_o silk_n oil_n cotton_n gall_n anniseed_n wax_v honey_n curran_n wine_n etc._n etc._n 4._o marathon_n of_o note_n for_o the_o victory_n of_o miltiades_n gain_v against_o the_o powerful_a army_n of_o darius_n which_o consist_v of_o 100000_o foot_n and_o 10000_o horse_n 5._o megara_n where_o euclid_n teach_v geometry_n 6._o platea_n nigh_o to_o which_o be_v fight_v a_o exceed_a great_a battle_n between_o the_o grecian_n and_o the_o persian_n 7._o delphos_n famous_a for_o the_o temple_n of_o apollo_n which_o be_v destroy_v by_o the_o phocian_o who_o take_v from_o it_o 60_o tun_n of_o gold_n 8._o sparta_n former_o of_o great_a account_n and_o 9_o micenae_n famous_a for_o the_o temple_n of_o juno_n as_o also_o for_o the_o habitation_n of_o agamemnor_n nigh_o to_o this_o city_n be_v the_o lake_n of_o lerno_n where_o hercules_n slay_v the_o lernian_a seven-headed_a hydra_n in_o this_o province_n be_v the_o famous_a temple_n of_o aesculapius_n where_o be_v also_o the_o mount_n helicon_n and_o parnassus_n much_o famous_v by_o the_o poet_n and_o here_o be_v also_o those_o pleasant_a arcadian_a plain_n and_o the_o place_n where_o the_o olympian_a game_n be_v solemnize_v with_o several_a other_o memorable_a place_n of_o antiquity_n morea_n peloponnesus_n or_o the_o morea_n peloponnesus_n now_o call_v morea_n be_v a_o peninsula_n bound_v with_o the_o sea_n except_o where_o it_o join_v to_o achaia_n by_o a_o isthmus_n of_o about_o six_o mile_n in_o breadth_n the_o whole_a peninsula_n be_v about_o 600_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o contain_v once_o many_o flourish_a province_n as_o arcadia_n argoris_n achaia_n propria_fw-la elis_n laconia_n and_o messenia_n but_o at_o present_v it_o be_v one_o sole_a turkish_a province_n the_o people_n be_v account_v the_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o grecian_n and_o give_v rule_n to_o the_o rest_n as_o subordinate_a unto_o they_o the_o chief_a place_n be_v 1._o corinte_n seat_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o acrocorinthian_a hill_n hard_o by_o the_o fountain_n pyrene_n a_o small_a town_n and_o of_o little_a note_n to_o what_o it_o be_v be_v out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o famous_a corinth_n which_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a strength_n and_o power_n 2._o misistra_n once_o of_o good_a account_n 3._o thalana_n nigh_o unto_o which_o be_v mount_n tenarus_n from_o whence_o hercules_n draw_v cerberus_n as_o also_o the_o lake_n lerna_n where_o the_o say_v hercules_n slay_v the_o monster_n hydra_n 4._o selassia_n where_o antigonus_n vanquish_v clâ—omenus_n 5._o nemaea_n where_o hercules_n slay_v the_o lion_n 6._o olympia_n very_o famous_a for_o the_o statue_n of_o jupiter_n olympicus_n which_o be_v 60_o cubit_n high_a and_o of_o a_o proportionate_a thickness_n be_v make_v of_o gold_n and_o ivory_n and_o in_o honour_n to_o this_o jupiter_n be_v the_o olympic_a game_n institute_v by_o hercules_n and_o perform_v on_o the_o plain_n of_o this_o city_n 7._o megalopolis_n the_o birth-place_n of_o that_o eminent_a historian_n polybius_n 8._o mantinaea_n nigh_o unto_o which_o the_o theban_a army_n which_o consist_v of_o 30000_o foot_n and_o 3000_o horse_n rout_v the_o army_n of_o the_o athenian_n and_o spartan_n which_o consist_v of_o 2000_o horse_n and_o 25000_o foot_n where_o that_o gallant_a leader_n epaminondas_n receive_v his_o death_n wound_n 9_o lacedaemon_n 10._o argos_n 11._o thebes_n now_o ruinate_v but_o the_o chief_a place_n for_o traffic_n now_o remain_v arâ—_n 12._o modon_n 13._o petras_n and_o 14._o coron_n all_o three_o city_n seat_v on_o the_o seashore_n subject_n to_o the_o same_o custom_n and_o find_v to_o afford_v divers_a good_a commodity_n the_o product_n of_o turkey_n the_o isle_n seat_v in_o the_o grecian_a or_o aegean_a ionian_a and_o adriatic_a sea_n in_o these_o sea_n there_o be_v several_a isle_n many_o of_o which_o be_v of_o good_a note_n and_o well_o frequent_v by_o merchant_n most_o of_o which_o be_v in_o part_n if_o not_o altogether_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n yet_o the_o venetian_n be_v not_o quite_o expunge_v but_o the_o turk_n have_v divide_v all_o or_o most_o of_o they_o into_o eight_o beglerbyats_n and_o 60_o and_o odd_a sangiacat_n that_o be_v into_o general_a and_o particular_a government_n the_o aegean_a or_o grecian_a isle_n negroponte_n isle_n of_o negroponte_n the_o chief_a of_o the_o aegean_a isle_n be_v 1._o negroponte_fw-la in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o turk_n in_o circuit_n 365_o mile_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n be_v 1._o negroponte_fw-la seat_v in_o a_o gulf_n so_o call_v 2._o caristo_n and_o dion_n a_o seaport_n town_n stalimene_n isle_n of_o stalimene_n 2._o stalimene_n of_o old_a lemnos_n about_o 100_o mile_n in_o circuit_n well_o people_v by_o grecian_n except_o three_o town_n which_o the_o turk_n keep_v strong_o fortify_v to_o keep_v they_o in_o awe_n it_o be_v chief_a town_n be_v lemnos_n or_o mirina_fw-la but_o of_o no_o great_a note_n here_o be_v a_o sovereign_a mineral_n against_o infection_n call_v terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la the_o earth_n thereof_o be_v make_v into_o small_a pellet_n and_o seal_v with_o the_o turk_n stamp_n and_o so_o disperse_v and_o sell_v to_o merchant_n for_o a_o excellent_a antidote_n cyclades_n isle_n of_o sporades_n and_o cyclades_n 3._o the_o sporades_n and_o cyclades_n be_v a_o great_a body_n of_o several_a small_a isle_n disperse_v about_o this_o sea_n or_o archipelago_n and_o lie_v so_o thick_a that_o they_o ofttimes_o become_v dangerous_a to_o seaman_n especial_o in_o storm_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o isle_n be_v 1._o milo_n so_o call_v for_o its_o abound_v in_o honey_n it_o be_v about_o 60_o mile_n in_o compass_n very_o fertile_a and_o afford_v store_n of_o grain_n and_o oil_n but_o no_o wine_n its_o chief_a place_n be_v so_o call_v 2._o tira_n 3._o tiresio_n 4._o nio_z 5._o stapalia_n about_o 50_o mile_n in_o circuit_n who_o chief_a place_n be_v so_o call_v 6._o morgo_v 7._o nicsia_n about_o 75_o mile_n in_o compass_n 8._o livila_n 9_o zinara_n 10._o raclia_n 11._o siphano_n 12._o micone_fw-it 13._o teno_n 14._o helena_n 15._o engia_n in_o a_o gulf_n so_o call_v all_o small_a isle_n 16._o fermenia_n about_o 60_o mile_n in_o circuit_n 17._o zea_n about_o 50_o mile_n in_o compass_n 18._o andri_n about_o 80_o mile_n in_o compass_n not_o far_o from_o negroponte_n and_o be_v find_v to_o afford_v the_o same_o commodity_n its_o chief_a place_n bear_v the_o same_o name_n 19_o coos_n more_o
together_o extend_v from_o about_o the_o 48th_o degree_n of_o latitude_n unto_o the_o 57th_o which_o be_v about_o 225_o french_a league_n and_o from_o the_o 38th_o of_o longitude_n unto_o the_o 61_o and_o have_v near_a as_o much_o continent_n again_o as_o france_n they_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o moscovy_n bound_n bound_n and_o part_n of_o the_o petit_fw-fr tartar_n on_o the_o south_n the_o mountain_n oâ—_n caprack_n and_o the_o river_n neister_n divide_v they_o from_o hungaria_n transilvania_n and_o moldavia_n on_o the_o west_n by_o germany_n and_o touch_v in_o part_n on_o the_o baltic_n sea_n and_o on_o the_o north_n they_o be_v bound_v part_n by_o livonia_n and_o moscovy_n inhabitant_n ancient_a inhabitant_n the_o ancient_a name_n of_o poland_n be_v sauromatia_n from_o its_o inhabitant_n the_o sauromatae_n afterward_o by_o lechius_n the_o first_o duke_n hereof_o in_o anno_fw-la 550_o it_o be_v call_v poland_n which_o signify_v a_o plain_a country_n as_o general_o it_o be_v it_o be_v make_v a_o kingdom_n by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o three_o anno_fw-la 1000_o boleslaus_n be_v duke_n and_o have_v ever_o have_v its_o duke_n and_o king_n elect_v by_o the_o state_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o vicinity_n to_o the_o turk_n general_o choose_v a_o warrior_n etc._n fertility_n commodity_n etc._n etc._n the_o country_n be_v plain_a well_o clothe_v with_o fir_n and_o other_o timber-tree_n the_o air_n be_v so_o cold_a that_o they_o have_v neither_o wine_n nor_o grape_n instead_o of_o which_o have_v store_n of_o barley_n they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o old_a drink_n of_o england_n viz._n ale_n the_o country_n be_v well_o furnish_v with_o grain_n and_o fruit_n but_o they_o be_v but_o lean_v their_o chief_a commodity_n be_v rich_a fur_n horse_n hony_n wax_n bow-stave_n buff-hides_a ambergreese_v flax_n linnen-cloth_n mast_n cordage_n board_n wainscot_n timber_n rozin_n tar_n and_o pith_n of_o both_o kind_n match_n iron_n stockfish_n salt_n dig_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n pot-ash_n rye_n in_o great_a plenty_n for_o which_o it_o have_v make_v dantzick_n famous_a it_o be_v well_o furnish_v with_o flesh_n fowl_n and_o fish_n and_o to_o waâ—ds_v the_o carpatian_n mountain_n of_o hungaria_n be_v find_v mine_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o also_o iron_n and_o brimstone_n to_o the_o r_n t_o worship_n full_a sr_n robert_n clayton_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n kt_n and_o alderman_n and_o lord_n mayr_n thou_o of_o anno_fw-la 1680_o this_o map_n be_v d_o d_o by_o r_n b_o p_o of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n where_o be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n withit_v palatinate_v the_o duchess_n of_o russia-noire_a cujavia_n mozovia_n prussia_n â—ia_n volhynia_n podolia_n &c_n &c_n design_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr sanson_n geographer_n to_o the_o french_a king_n king_n the_o revenue_n of_o the_o king_n the_o revenue_n of_o the_o king_n be_v not_o great_a for_o so_o large_a a_o country_n and_o that_o which_o be_v he_o receive_v from_o they_o quarterly_o the_o kingdom_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n every_o one_o of_o which_o keep_v the_o king_n and_o court_n a_o quarter_n which_o revenue_n be_v not_o certain_a but_o more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o his_o occasion_n by_o war_n marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n or_o the_o like_a place_n poland_n with_o its_o part_n and_o chief_a place_n the_o kingdom_n be_v divide_v throughout_o into_o palatinate_n and_o castlewicks_n poland_n take_v particular_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o high_a and_o low_a in_o the_o high_a be_v the_o palatinate_v of_o cracou_n sandomirz_n and_o lublin_n place_n of_o most_o note_n in_o these_o part_n be_v 1._o cracou_n or_o cracovia_n seat_v in_o a_o plain_a and_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o vistula_n dignify_v with_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o king_n it_o be_v in_o form_n round_o the_o house_n fair_a and_o lofty_a and_o build_v of_o freestone_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o city_n be_v a_o large_a quadrangle_n market-house_n where_o be_v seat_v the_o cathedral_n church_n and_o the_o senate-house_n for_o the_o citizen_n about_o which_o be_v several_a shop_n for_o merchant_n the_o city_n be_v encompass_v with_o two_o strong_a stone_n wall_n and_o a_o dry_a ditch_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o city_n be_v the_o king_n castle_n be_v fair_a well_o build_v and_o pleasant_o seat_v on_o a_o hill_n as_o also_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n lodging_n on_o the_o west_n be_v a_o chapel_n where_o the_o king_n be_v inter_v and_o on_o the_o north-side_n lodging_n for_o entertainment_n and_o feast_v the_o southside_n be_v without_o building_n but_o as_o to_o matter_n of_o trade_n this_o city_n be_v of_o small_a account_n also_o sandomirz_n and_o lublin_n both_o chief_a city_n of_o their_o palatinate_n be_v in_o the_o high_a polonia_n or_o poland_n poland_n lower_v poland_n in_o the_o low_a poland_n be_v the_o palatinate_v of_o posna_n kalisch_n sirad_n lencinâ—_n dobrzin_n ploczk_n and_o rava_n who_o chief_a city_n or_o place_n bear_v the_o same_o name_n and_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o their_o palatine_n beside_o which_o there_o be_v several_a other_o town_n of_o good_a note_n which_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o geographical_a table_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o chief_a posna_n and_o gnesna_n dignify_v with_o the_o see_v of_o a_o archbishop_n who_o during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la of_o the_o king_n hold_v the_o supreme_a authority_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o summon_v the_o diet_n to_o poland_n do_v also_o belong_v the_o dutchy_n of_o russia_n noire_n cujavia_n mazovia_n prussia_n and_o polaquie_n noire_fw-fr russia_n noire_fw-fr russia_n noire_n have_v for_o its_o chief_a place_n loewenberg_n and_o belz_n both_o chief_a of_o their_o palatinate_n oujavia_n have_v for_o its_o principal_a place_n brzesti_n and_o vladislau_n cujavia_n cujavia_n both_o chief_a of_o their_o castelwicks_n place_n mazovia_n with_o its_o place_n mazovia_n have_v only_o one_o palatinate_n viz._n czersk_n under_o which_o be_v comprise_v several_a city_n and_o castlewicks_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v warzaw_n one_o of_o the_o fair_a in_o the_o kingdom_n it_o ofttimes_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n a_o place_n note_v for_o its_o excellent_a metheglin_n here_o make_v prussia_n be_v consider_v in_o two_o part_n prussia_n prussia_n which_o be_v call_v royal_a and_o ducale_v prussia_n royal_a be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o have_v its_o palatinate_n in_o the_o city_n of_o 1._o dantzick_n seat_v on_o the_o vistula_n at_o its_o influx_n into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o great_a mountain_n which_o hang_v over_o it_o it_o be_v the_o fair_a best_a and_o of_o the_o great_a trade_n of_o any_o in_o prussia_n through_o this_o city_n run_v a_o river_n very_o commodious_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n whereon_o be_v many_o mill_n for_o the_o grind_n of_o corn_n which_o be_v here_o find_v in_o great_a plenty_n as_o also_o a_o water-mill_n for_o the_o conveyance_n of_o water_n in_o pipe_n to_o their_o house_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o great_a trade_n for_o corn_n with_o england_n and_o other_o part_n they_o have_v a_o great_a many_o granary_n or_o storehouse_n for_o the_o same_o which_o be_v hither_o bring_v they_o from_o poland_n 2._o elbin_n though_o but_o small_a yet_o a_o fair_a city_n and_o indifferent_o well_o frequent_v by_o the_o english_a merchant_n 3._o marienburg_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o dutch_a knight_n 4._o culne_v and_o 5._o thorn_n which_o though_o it_o have_v no_o palatinate_n be_v esteem_v by_o many_o next_o to_o dantzick_n prussia_n ducale_v belong_v to_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenbourg_n who_o hold_v it_o from_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n it_o have_v only_o one_o palatinate_n at_o koningsberg_n seat_v on_o a_o inlet_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o wash_v with_o the_o river_n pegel_n it_o be_v a_o fair_a city_n a_o famous_a mart_n and_o a_o good_a university_n and_o before_o its_o coast_n be_v gather_v great_a quantity_n of_o ambergriece_n this_o ambergriece_n be_v the_o juice_n of_o a_o stone_n grow_v like_o coral_n on_o a_o rock_n in_o the_o north-sea_n continual_o cover_v with_o water_n and_o in_o the_o month_n of_o september_n and_o december_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v rend_v from_o the_o rock_n and_o cast_v into_o the_o havens_n of_o the_o neighbour_a country_n polaqvie_n be_v a_o small_a province_n between_o the_o estate_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n polaquie_n polaquie_n and_o seem_v to_o have_v belong_v to_o mozavia_n bielsk_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o its_o palatinate_n and_o hitherto_o we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o estate_n of_o poland_n almost_o all_o on_o the_o vistula_n or_o the_o river_n that_o fall_v into_o it_o on_o which_o be_v seat_v the_o three_o fair_a city_n of_o these_o quarter_n viz._n cracow_n towards_o its_o spring_n
no_o great_a account_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o dangerous_a situation_n its_o chief_a place_n be_v niburg_n arroe_n a_o small_a isle_n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o sleswick_n arroe_n arroe_n it_o contain_v three_o town_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v kope_v fortify_v with_o a_o castle_n so_o call_v longland_n a_o indifferent_a long_a isle_n but_o not_o very_o broad_a longland_n longland_n its_o chief_a place_n be_v rudkope_v of_o some_o account_n laland_n not_o far_o distant_a from_o zealand_n abound_v in_o corn_n and_o chesuut_n laland_n laland_n freight_v therewith_o many_o vessel_n yearly_a it_o be_v very_o populous_a for_o the_o bigness_n contain_v 3_o town_n viz._n maxcow_n rodby_n and_o maribo_n beside_o a_o great_a many_o village_n and_o some_o castle_n falster_n a_o small_a isle_n fertile_a in_o corn_n seat_v near_o to_o laland_n falster_n falster_n its_o chief_a place_n be_v nikope_v of_o a_o pleasant_a situation_n and_o stubekope_v in_o the_o baltic_a and_o between_o the_o land_n of_o sweden_n be_v also_o several_a isle_n the_o chief_a among_o which_o be_v bornholme_n bornholm_n bornholm_n seat_v not_o far_o from_o gothland_n a_o isle_n very_o fertile_a feed_v abundance_n of_o cattle_n it_o have_v many_o gooâ—_n town_n and_o village_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v next_o rottonby_n and_o suomnecky_a gothland_n gothland_n gothland_n a_o indifferent_a large_a isle_n in_o form_n round_o and_o narrow_a noâ—_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o swede_n it_o yield_v white_a marble_n excellent_a for_o building_n the_o city_n of_o wisby_n seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o isle_n be_v once_o so_o famous_a foâ—_n traffic_n that_o it_o give_v maritime_a law_n to_o the_o baltic_a sea_n that_o which_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n possess_v as_o particular_o belong_v to_o thaâ—_n crown_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o scandinavia_n be_v part_n of_o the_o ancient_a gothland_n thâ—_n most_o southern_a of_o which_o that_o we_o be_v now_o treat_v of_o be_v divide_v into_o westro-gothland_n and_o ostro-gothland_n which_o be_v again_o subdivide_v into_o the_o province_n of_o hallandia_n which_o take_v up_o westro-gothland_n and_o into_o the_o province_n oâ—_n scania_n and_o bleck_v which_o take_v up_o ostro_fw-la gothland_n and_o first_o of_o hallandia_n hallandia_n hallandia_n hallandia_n now_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o swede_n this_o country_n oâ—_n province_n for_o fertility_n of_o soil_n sweetness_n of_o air_n store_n of_o fish_n plenty_n of_o leaâ—_n and_o brass_n mine_n and_o thickness_n of_o town_n and_o village_n which_o be_v well_o inhabit_v be_v not_o inferior_a to_o any_o it_o be_v chief_a place_n be_v 1._o warborg_n seat_v on_o thâ—_n seashore_n and_o defend_v by_o a_o strong_a castle_n build_v on_o the_o summit_n of_o a_o hill_n sâ—_n that_o it_o have_v a_o great_a command_n over_o the_o country_n 2._o laholm_n 3._o helmster_n 4._o falkenborg_n and_o 5._o hallandia_n or_o katterop_n scania_n scanrâ—_n scanrâ—_n or_o sconen_n have_v on_o the_o north_n hallandia_n and_o on_o all_o other_o part_n the_o sea_n also_o now_o in_o the_o swede_n possession_n it_o be_v about_o 70_o mile_n long_o and_o 48_o broad_a the_o pleasant_a country_n in_o all_o denmark_n most_o abundant_a iâ—_n fruit_n and_o rich_a in_o merchandise_n and_o on_o the_o seaside_n be_v sometime_o such_o great_a shoal_n of_o herring_n that_o they_o be_v find_v troublesome_a to_o vessel_n it_o be_v chieâ—_n place_n be_v 2._o lunden_n a_o inland_a city_n dignify_v with_o the_o sole_a or_o metropolitan_a archbishop_n of_o denmark_n the_o chief_a beauty_n in_o this_o city_n be_v the_o cathedral_n church_n a_o magnificent_a structure_n beautify_v with_o excellent_a piece_n of_o art_n thâ—_n chief_a whereof_o be_v the_o clock_n and_o the_o dial_n the_o clock_n be_v so_o compose_v bâ—_n artificial_a engine_n that_o whensoever_o it_o strike_v two_o horseman_n give_v one_o another_o as_o many_o blow_n as_o the_o clock_n strike_v time_n also_o upon_o the_o open_n of_o 〈◊〉_d door_n there_o be_v represent_v a_o theatre_n where_o the_o virgin_n mary_n be_v seat_v on_o 〈◊〉_d throne_n with_o christ_n in_o her_o arm_n to_o who_o the_o three_o king_n with_o their_o severâ—_n train_n come_v in_o order_n and_o with_o reverence_n present_v their_o gift_n to_o she_o during_o which_o time_n two_o trumpeter_n continual_o sound_a and_o next_o the_o dial_n wherâ—_n the_o year_n month_n week_n day_n and_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n throughout_o the_o year_n as_o also_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n through_o each_o degree_n of_o the_o zodiac_n thâ—_n movable_a and_o fix_a feast_n etc._n etc._n be_v to_o be_v distinct_o see_v be_v neat_o set_v forâ—â—_n in_o variety_n of_o delightful_a colour_n 2._o helsinborg_n fortify_v with_o a_o impregnablâ—_n castle_n and_o one_o of_o the_o fort_n defend_v the_o sound_n 3._o christiana_n a_o place_n 〈◊〉_d great_a strength_n and_o 4._o malbogen_fw-mi a_o port-town_n opposite_a to_o copenhagen_n blecklinge_n blecklinge_n blecklinge_n also_o belong_v to_o the_o swede_n have_v on_o the_o east_n anâ—_n south_n the_o baltic_a sea_n it_o be_v a_o mountainous_a and_o barren_a country_n and_o hatâ—_n for_o its_o chief_a place_n 1._o malinogia_n the_o birth-place_n of_o the_o famous_a mathematician_n gaspar_n bartholinus_n who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o inventor_n and_o maker_n of_o the_o afore_o say_v clock_n and_o dial._n 2._o colmar_n a_o important_a fortress_n against_o the_o swede_n until_o they_o gain_v the_o province_n the_o soil_n of_o denmark_n be_v natural_o better_a for_o pasture_n than_o tillage_n and_o feed_v such_o multitude_n of_o ox_n that_o at_o least_o 50000_o be_v say_v to_o be_v yearly_o send_v hence_o tâ—_n germany_n their_o other_o commodity_n be_v fish_n tallow_n furniture_n for_o ship_n armour_n ox-hides_a buck-skin_n wainscot_n fir-wood_n fur_n pipe-stave_n copper_n wheat_n rye_n etc._n etc._n a_o general_n map_n of_o scandinavia_n where_o be_v the_o estate_n and_o kingdom_n of_o danmarke_n norway_n and_o sweden_n by_o monsieur_n sanson_n to_o the_o r_n t_o worshippfull_a s._n r_o thomas_n fitch_n of_o eltham_n and_o mount_n mascall_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o north_n cray_n in_o kent_n k._n t_o this_o map_n d._n d_o by_z r._n b._n norway_n etc._n it_o be_v situation_n temperature_n fertility_n commodity_n etc._n etc._n the_o country_n of_o norway_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o lippia_n on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o dofrine_n mountain_n which_o divide_v it_o from_o sweden_n and_o on_o all_o other_o side_n with_o the_o sea_n on_o which_o with_o a_o disproportionate_a breadth_n it_o stretch_v its_o coast_n for_o 1300_o mile_n in_o length_n the_o country_n be_v extreme_o cold_a be_v partly_o under_o the_o freeze_a zone_n and_o partly_o so_o near_o it_o that_o it_o all_o suffer_v under_o the_o inclemency_n of_o bitter_a cold_n it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n mountainous_a full_a of_o vast_a wood_n and_o of_o a_o soil_n so_o barren_a and_o ungrateful_a to_o the_o husbandman_n afford_v so_o little_a corn_n that_o on_o many_o place_n the_o people_n live_v on_o dry_a fish_n instead_o of_o bread_n know_v to_o we_o by_o the_o name_n of_o stockfish_n but_o the_o rich_a sort_n of_o people_n buy_v corn_n of_o such_o merchant_n as_o come_v to_o trade_n with_o they_o the_o principal_a commodity_n that_o this_o country_n afford_v be_v great_a plenty_n of_o sir_n deal-board_n timber_n tar_n mast_n and_o furniture_n for_o ship_n also_o stockfish_n train-oyle_n rich_a fur_n copper_n pipe-stave_n etc._n etc._n which_o the_o inhabitant_n exchange_v for_o corn_n clothes_n kersey_n lead_v tinn_n stocking_n etc._n etc._n the_o country_n be_v exceed_o annoy_v with_o certain_a small_a beast_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o mouse_n by_o they_o call_v lemmers_n which_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n be_v so_o innumerable_a that_o like_a locust_n they_o devour_v all_o the_o verdure_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n die_v in_o heap_n which_o prove_v very_o noisome_a to_o the_o people_n infect_v the_o air_n and_o the_o sea_n be_v as_o bid_v trouble_v with_o whale_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a dealer_n punisher_n of_o theft_n and_o other_o vice_n and_o be_v account_v former_o great_a warrior_n viz._n norway_n divide_v into_o five_o government_n viz._n this_o kingdom_n be_v divide_v into_o five_o government_n which_o take_v their_o name_n from_o the_o place_n where_o the_o governor_n reside_v in_o all_o which_o the_o town_n be_v exceed_o thin_a and_o the_o house_n as_o poor_a the_o five_o part_n be_v as_o follow_v bahus_n belong_v to_o the_o swede_n be_v the_o most_o southward_o bahus_n bahus_n the_o chief_a place_n be_v bahus_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o governor_n to_o which_o be_v subject_a the_o town_n of_o congel_n seat_v on_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o some_o trade_n and_o marstrand_n seat_v in_o a_o demi-island_n of_o note_n for_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o herring_n here_o catch_v aggerhus_n
whole_a estate_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o moscovy_n be_v of_o a_o large_a extent_n thâ—â—_n any_o other_o in_o europe_n stretch_v itself_o 5_o or_o 600_o league_n in_o length_n and_o breadâ—â—_n reach_v from_o the_o 48th_o degree_n of_o latitude_n unto_o the_o 70th_o or_o 72_o and_o from_o the_o 50th_o of_o longitude_n unto_o the_o 100th_o and_o sometime_o to_o the_o 110th_o moscovy_n have_v its_o estate_n bound_v on_o the_o east_n by_o tartary_n and_o beyond_o the_o river_n volga_n and_o oby_n on_o the_o south_n by_o the_o caspian_a or_o euxine_a sea_n on_o the_o north_n by_o the_o septentrional_a or_o freeze_a ocean_n and_o on_o the_o west_n by_o norway_n the_o estate_n of_o sweden_n and_o poland_n commodity_n â—ts_n commodity_n the_o commodity_n that_o this_o empire_n yield_v be_v rich_a fur_n of_o divers_a sort_n pot-ash_n hemp_n flax_n honey_n wax_n cable_n yarn_n and_o other_o cordage_n feather_n '_o linen_n cloth_n both_o course_n and_o fine_a train-oyle_n rozin_n pitch_n caviar_n tallow_n iron_n salt_n sea-horse_n tooth_n astracan-hides_a tann'd-hides_a rawâ—hides_n dried-fish_n great_a increase_n of_o grain_n with_o many_o other_o good_a commoâ—dities_n here_o be_v great_a store_n of_o cattle_n elke_n stag_n bear_n wolf_n venison_n tiger_n lynx_n hare_n etc._n etc._n great_a plenty_n of_o fowl_n and_o fish_n common_a with_o we_o in_o england_n and_o the_o earth_n afford_v they_o plenty_n of_o fruit_n root_n and_o herb_n the_o air_n be_v exceed_o sharp_a and_o pierce_a in_o the_o winter_n and_o subject_a to_o exâ—cessive_v great_a frost_n but_o what_o with_o their_o warm_a clothing_n with_o fur_n and_o their_o stove_n in_o their_o house_n they_o endure_v it_o well_o enough_o and_o as_o their_o winter_n be_v thus_o cold_a their_o summer_n be_v as_o hot_a and_o troublesome_a the_o sun_n be_v as_o it_o werâ—_n above_o their_o horizon_n to_o the_o r._n t_o honorable_n s._n r_o edu_n dering_n of_o surrenden_n dering_n in_o kent_n bart_n one_o of_o the_o lord_n comissioner_n of_o his_o ma_n y_o treasury_n this_o map_n be_v most_o humble_o dedicate_v by_o richard_n brome_n 〈◊〉_d â—app_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o russia_n blanch_n or_o moscovia_n design_v by_o mouncr._n â—â—â—â—â—n_n geographer_n to_o the_o french_a king_n this_o country_n according_a to_o some_o be_v call_v the_o mother_n of_o rivers_n rivers_n rivers_n among_o which_o the_o volga_n the_o don_n or_o tana_n and_o the_o dovine_n or_o dwine_n be_v the_o most_o famous_a and_o especial_o the_o volga_n which_o be_v the_o great_a and_o noble_a in_o all_o europe_n both_o for_o its_o course_n and_o the_o force_n of_o its_o water_n run_v 7_o or_o 800_o league_n and_o receive_v abundance_n of_o other_o river_n inhabit_v moscovy_n ill_o inhabit_v moscovy_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v ill_o inhabit_a and_o especial_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o east_n these_o quarter_n be_v cold_a full_a of_o forest_n and_o some_o of_o their_o people_n idolater_n that_o which_o be_v towards_o sweden_n and_o poland_n be_v more_o frequent_v more_o civilise_v and_o its_o city_n and_o town_n better_o build_v that_o which_o lie_v towards_o the_o south_n and_o in_o all_o likelihood_n shall_v be_v the_o best_a be_v partly_o mahometan_n and_o often_o infect_v by_o the_o petit_fw-fr tartar_n but_o a_o word_n or_o two_o of_o its_o people_n about_o moscow_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o most_o civilise_a and_o ingenious_a people_n it_o be_v people_n the_o people_n be_v natural_o ingenious_a enough_o yet_o they_o addict_v themselves_o neither_o to_o art_n or_o science_n but_o chief_o to_o traffic_n and_o husbandry_n in_o which_o they_o be_v very_o subtle_a they_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v great_a liar_n perfidious_a treacherous_a distrustful_a crafty_a revengeful_a quarrelsome_a proud_a much_o addict_v to_o woman_n and_o strong_a drink_n but_o tobacco_n be_v forbid_v among_o they_o their_o house_n be_v but_o mean_a and_o as_o ill_o furnish_v content_v themselves_o to_o lie_v on_o mat_n or_o straw_n instead_o of_o bed_n they_o be_v gross_a feeder_n yet_o have_v wherewithal_o to_o feed_v delicious_o their_o habit_n which_o they_o seldom_o or_o never_o change_v be_v much_o the_o same_o with_o the_o ancient_a greek_n wear_v long_a robe_n of_o cloth_n satin_n silk_n habit._n their_o habit._n cloth_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n which_o be_v beset_v with_o pearl_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n by_o which_o together_o with_o their_o attendance_n they_o be_v know_v and_o under_o these_o robe_n they_o wear_v close_a goat_n and_o drawer_n begirt_a themselves_o with_o swash_n on_o their_o foot_n they_o wear_v buskin_n and_o on_o their_o head_n cap_n instead_o of_o hat_n adorn_v with_o pearl_n and_o precious_a stone_n which_o in_o their_o salutation_n they_o move_v not_o only_o bow_v their_o body_n they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n fat_a and_o corpulent_a esteem_v great_a belly_n and_o long_a and_o great_a beard_n for_o a_o comeliness_n the_o woman_n though_o indifferent_a handsome_a yet_o make_v use_n of_o paint_n in_o the_o performance_n of_o their_o nuptial_a rite_n they_o use_v many_o ceremony_n which_o be_v large_o treat_v of_o by_o adam_n olearius_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v the_o ambassador_n travel_n into_o moscovy_n and_o persin_n who_o description_n i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o wherein_o he_o say_v that_o young_a man_n and_o maid_n be_v debar_v the_o society_n of_o each_o other_o maiden_n not_o be_v allow_v the_o freedom_n of_o the_o street_n or_o society_n with_o man_n marriage_n their_o ceremony_n in_o marriage_n it_o happen_v that_o no_o marriage_n be_v make_v but_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o parent_n and_o the_o bargain_n be_v agree_v on_o by_o they_o the_o wedding-day_n be_v appoint_v the_o night_n before_o which_o the_o young_a man_n make_v his_o never_o yet_o see_v bride_n a_o present_a according_a to_o their_o quality_n he_o say_v further_a that_o there_o be_v two_o woman_n appoint_v by_o they_o who_o be_v to_o take_v order_n for_o the_o make_v the_o nuptial_a bed_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v make_v upon_o about_o 40_o sheaf_n of_o rye_n which_o be_v encompass_v with_o a_o great_a many_o barrel_n of_o wheat_n and_o other_o grain_n all_o thing_n be_v make_v ready_a the_o bridegroom_n late_o in_o the_o evening_n go_v to_o the_o bride_n accompany_v with_o his_o friend_n and_o relation_n together_o with_o the_o priest_n who_o be_v to_o marry_v they_o ride_v before_o they_o and_o be_v receive_v in_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o table_n where_o three_o dish_n of_o meat_n be_v bring_v but_o none_o eat_v thereof_o then_o after_o some_o ceremony_n the_o bride_n be_v bring_v in_o rich_o clad_v in_o a_o sit_v dress_n for_o that_o solemnity_n by_o the_o say_a woman_n who_o place_v she_o by_o the_o bridegroom_n and_o to_o prevent_v their_o see_v one_o another_o beside_o the_o vaâ—l_n over_o the_o bride_n face_n they_o be_v part_v by_o a_o piece_n of_o crimson_a tassety_n which_o be_v hold_v by_o two_o youth_n which_o do_v the_o say_a woman_n tie_v up_o her_o hair_n in_o two_o knot_n paint_v she_o put_v a_o crown_n neat_o make_v and_o gild_a on_o her_o head_n and_o habit_n she_o like_o a_o marry_a woman_n the_o other_o woman_n choose_v by_o they_o paint_v the_o bridegroom_n and_o whilst_o this_o be_v do_v the_o woman_n get_v up_o on_o bench_n and_o sing_v several_a song_n then_o after_o several_a ridiculous_a ceremony_n they_o go_v to_o the_o church_n and_o before_o the_o priest_n give_v they_o the_o benediction_n he_o carry_v they_o to_o the_o offer_v which_o consist_v of_o fry_v meat_n fish_n and_o pastry_n the_o benediction_n be_v give_v by_o hold_v image_n over_o their_o head_n and_o the_o priest_n take_v the_o bridegroom_n by_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o bride_n by_o the_o left_a and_o ask_v they_o three_o time_n if_o they_o will_v love_v one_o another_o as_o man_n and_o wife_n ought_v and_o whether_o it_o be_v by_o their_o consent_n to_o which_o both_o answer_n yes_o then_o all_o the_o people_n join_v hand_n and_o dance_n whilst_o they_o and_o the_o priest_n sing_v the_o 128_o psalm_n which_o end_v he_o put_v a_o garland_n of_o rue_n about_o their_o head_n say_v increase_n and_o multiply_v and_o then_o consummate_v the_o marriage_n say_v who_o god_n have_v join_v together_o let_v no_o man_n separate_v which_o be_v pronounce_v several_a wax-candle_n be_v light_v and_o the_o priest_n be_v present_v with_o a_o glass_n of_o claret_n and_o be_v pledge_v by_o the_o marry_a couple_n he_o throw_v down_o the_o glass_n and_o he_o and_o the_o bride_n tread_v it_o under_o their_o foot_n say_v may_v they_o thus_o fall_v at_o our_o foot_n and_o be_v tread_v to_o piece_n who_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o sow_v discontent_n betwixt_o we_o then_o after_o
inlet_n thereof_o a_o very_a good_a trade_a town_n and_o have_v a_o considerable_a market_n for_o all_o provision_n especial_o fish_n on_o thursdays_n st._n juâ—â—_n ivos_fw-la st._n ivos_fw-la or_o st._n ithes_n seat_v on_o a_o open_a bay_n so_o call_v chief_o frequent_v by_o fisherman_n for_o the_o take_n of_o pilchard_n and_o other_o fish_n which_o be_v here_o plentiful_o catch_v it_o be_v a_o town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o a_o major_n a_o justice_n and_o 12_o alderman_n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n and_o have_v 2_o market_n weekly_o viz._n on_o wednesdays_n and_o saturday_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o man_n live_v here_o to_o a_o very_a great_a age_n and_o be_v strong_a hardy_a and_o addict_v to_o wrestle_v pitch_v the_o bar_n and_o other_o boisterous_a sport_n more_o than_o any_o other_o english_a man_n by_o helford_n be_v a_o great_a rock_n lie_v upon_o the_o ground_n the_o top_n whereof_o be_v hollow_a and_o fill_v with_o water_n which_o ebb_v and_o flow_v as_o the_o sea_n do_v there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a rock_n in_o this_o shire_n call_v mainamber_n which_o rest_v upon_o other_o small_a rock_n which_o with_o the_o push_n of_o a_o finger_n may_v be_v move_v but_o can_v be_v move_v out_o of_o its_o place_n by_o all_o the_o art_n man_n can_v use_v describe_v country_n of_o cumberland_n describe_v cumberland_n a_o county_n far_o engage_v northwards_o be_v very_o mountainous_a and_o much_o incline_v to_o sterility_n yet_o not_o without_o many_o fertile_a valley_n both_o for_o tillage_n and_o pasturnge_n it_o have_v a_o air_n very_o sharp_a and_o will_v be_v more_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o high_a hill_n that_o break_v off_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a storm_n in_o the_o howel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v rich_a mine_n of_o copper_n in_o great_a plenty_n also_o those_o of_o iron_n lead_v black-lead_a â—oal_n and_o some_o of_o silver_n and_o the_o sea_n and_o large_a lake_n and_o meers_n plentiful_o furnish_v the_o inhabitant_n with_o fish_n and_o fowl_n and_o beside_o these_o commodity_n this_o county_n produce_v several_a manufacture_n among_o which_o heretofore_o fustian_n and_o now_o linnen-cloth_n and_o course_n broad-cloth_n in_o great_a plenty_n the_o mountain_n of_o most_o note_n be_v black-koum_a hard-knot_n wrey-nose_n skiddow_n and_o crossfell_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v well_o water_v with_o rivers_n and_o have_v many_o lake_n and_o meers_n this_o shire_n of_o all_o other_o in_o england_n show_v the_o most_o roman_a antiquity_n for_o be_v in_o the_o utmost_a limit_n of_o their_o possession_n it_o be_v always_o secure_v by_o their_o garrison_n and_o defend_v by_o that_o admirable_a wall_z call_v the_o pict_n wall_n which_o run_v from_o sea_n to_o sea_n about_o 100_o mile_n and_o be_v 8_o foot_n broad_a and_o 12_o foot_n high_a and_o have_v at_o every_o 1000_o pace_n a_o watch-tower_n erect_v in_o which_o soldier_n be_v keep_v and_o on_o this_o wall_n grow_v the_o vulnerary_a plant._n and_o be_v thus_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o scotland_n it_o be_v exceed_o strengthen_v with_o castle_n have_v about_o 25_o public_a one_o beside_o the_o house_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n which_o be_v general_o build_v castle-wise_a it_o be_v sever_v into_o 5_o waâ—ds_n in_o which_o be_v 58_o parish_n church_n beside_o divers_a chapel_n of_o ease_n and_o have_v 15_o market_n to_n carlisle_z a_o city_n of_o great_a antiquity_n carlisle_n carlisle_n and_o no_o less_o pleasant_o than_o commodious_o seat_v at_o the_o influx_n or_o meeting_n of_o several_a river_n viz._n the_o eden_n cauda_fw-la and_o petterill_a which_o on_o all_o part_n except_o the_o south_n encompass_v it_o and_o for_o its_o further_a defence_n it_o be_v fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a and_o large_a castle_n and_o citadel_n and_o fence_v about_o with_o a_o strong_a wall_n first_o build_v by_o egfrid_n king_n of_o northumberland_n which_o be_v deface_v by_o the_o dane_n and_o again_o rebuilt_a by_o king_n rufus_n its_o house_n be_v fair_a and_o well_o build_v be_v beautify_v with_o a_o cathedral_n church_n of_o curious_a workmanship_n it_o enjoy_v several_a immunity_n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o major_n 12_o alderman_n 2_o bailiff_n and_o other_o sub-officer_n it_o be_v a_o place_n well_o inhabit_v and_o trade_v unto_o chief_o for_o fustian_n and_o its_o market_n which_o be_v on_o saturday_n be_v very_o considerable_a for_o corn_n wool_n provision_n and_o several_a country_n commodity_n cockermouth_n seat_v between_o the_o derwent_n and_o the_o coker_n cockermouth_n cockermouth_n which_o almost_o encompass_v it_o over_o which_o be_v two_o fair_a stone-bridge_n and_o between_o two_o hill_n upon_o one_o of_o which_o stand_v the_o church_n a_o fair_a building_n and_o upon_o the_o other_o a_o spacious_a and_o stately_a castle_n it_o be_v a_o well_o inhabit_v borough_n town_n grace_v with_o fair_a building_n enjoy_v a_o good_a trade_n especial_o for_o course_n broad-clothâ—_a here_o make_v have_v the_o election_n of_o parliament_n man_n and_o its_o market_n which_o be_v on_o mondays_n be_v esteem_v the_o best_a in_o the_o county_n for_o corn_n next_o to_o perith._n here_o be_v a_o custom_n at_o their_o fair_n hold_v at_o whitsuntide_n and_o martlemass_n for_o the_o hire_v of_o servant_n to_o which_o end_n all_o such_o that_o want_v servant_n or_o service_n do_v hither_o come_v the_o like_a be_v observe_v at_o perith_n and_o most_o of_o the_o market-town_n in_o the_o county_n whithaven_n seat_v on_o a_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n whithaven_n whithaven_n indifferent_a commodious_a for_o ship_n which_o make_v it_o to_o be_v well_o inhabit_v and_o frequent_v by_o tradesman_n especial_o by_o fisherman_n and_o those_o that_o be_v relate_v to_o sea-affair_n who_o drive_v a_o good_a trade_n to_o ireland_n scotland_n chester_n bristol_n and_o other_o part_n have_v a_o custom-house_n and_o several_a vessel_n belong_v to_o the_o town_n who_o chief_a trade_n be_v for_o salt_n and_o coal_n here_o plentiful_o dig_v up_o it_o be_v market_n be_v keep_v thursdays_n kavenglass_n a_o well_o build_v maritime_a town_n couch_v betwixt_o the_o river_n irt_n ravenglass_n ravenglass_n esk_n and_o mite_n with_o which_o the_o sea_n do_v encompass_v 3_o part_n of_o it_o and_o be_v a_o good_a road_n for_o ship_n which_o make_v it_o to_o be_v a_o place_n of_o some_o trade_n and_o have_v a_o market_n on_o saturday_n keswick_n seat_v in_o a_o valley_n keswick_n keswick_n hem_v in_o with_o hill_n and_o the_o mountain_n call_v derwent_n fell_n wherein_o be_v good_a coppermine_n and_o not_o far_o from_o the_o town_n be_v dug_n up_o black-lead_a or_o wadd_a in_o great_a plenty_n the_o town_n be_v former_o of_o great_a account_n than_o now_o it_o be_v when_o the_o mineral-man_n have_v here_o their_o smelting-house_n be_v at_o present_a not_o very_o considerable_a it_o have_v a_o market_n on_o saturday_n chief_o for_o meal_n flesh_n butter_n and_o cheese_n perith_n seat_v on_o a_o hill_n call_v perith_n fall_v perith._n perith._n and_o near_o the_o river_n eimont_n and_o lowther_n a_o large_a well_o build_v and_o inhabit_v town_n esteem_v the_o second_o in_o the_o county_n although_o neither_o a_o borough_n nor_o town_n corporate_a it_o be_v adorn_v with_o a_o fair_a church_n and_o a_o large_a marketplace_n which_o every_o tuesday_n be_v very_o much_o resort_v unto_o be_v considerable_a for_o corn_n live_v cattle_n divers_a commodity_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o provision_n in_o great_a plenty_n describe_v derbyshire_n describe_v derbyshire_n a_o midland_n county_n but_o incline_v towards_o the_o north_n which_o make_v it_o to_o be_v of_o a_o sharp_a air_n especial_o upon_o the_o peak_n mountain_n the_o soil_n be_v general_o fertile_a chief_o the_o south_n and_o east_n part_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v enclose_v and_o improve_v yield_v good_a corn_n and_o grass_n and_o have_v also_o store_n of_o coal_n and_o ironstone_n the_o north_n and_o west_n part_n be_v very_o hilly_a and_o stony_a and_o not_o so_o fertile_a except_o in_o lead-oar_n in_o which_o it_o much_o abound_v yet_o not_o without_o some_o rich_a valley_n and_o on_o the_o hill_n be_v breed_v good_a though_o not_o large_a sheep_n in_o great_a abundance_n for_o fuel_n it_o be_v not_o behold_v to_o wood_n have_v such_o great_a plenty_n of_o coal_n that_o it_o supply_v the_o defect_n of_o divers_a neighbour_a county_n it_o be_v well_o water_v with_o rivers_n viz._n the_o trent_n derwent_n dove_n and_o wye_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o be_v pass_v over_o by_o about_o 21_o stone-bridge_n some_o of_o which_o be_v of_o considerable_a note_n as_o burton_n over_o the_o trent_n sustain_v by_o 35_o large_a stone-arche_n swarkeston-bridge_n over_o the_o fame_n river_n repute_v near_o a_o mile_n long_o but_o much_o of_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o causeway_n than_o a_o bridge_n monks-bridge_n over_o the_o dove_n and_o st._n marys-bridge_n at_o derby_n over_o the_o
from_o hence_o furnish_v with_o coal_n ramsey_n ramsey_n ramsey_n seat_v in_o the_o fenny_a part_n among_o rich_a ground_n both_o for_o tillage_n and_o pasturage_n and_o near_o the_o meers_n of_o ramsey_n and_o whitlesey_n which_o with_o the_o river_n that_o plentiful_o water_n it_o afford_v excellent_a fish_n and_o wild_a fowl_n in_o great_a plenty_n it_o be_v a_o good_a country_n town_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o great_a esteem_n for_o its_o rich_a abbey_n so_o call_v and_o its_o market_n on_o wednesdays_n be_v well_o frequent_v describe_v county_n of_o kent_n describe_v kent_z a_o county_n of_o a_o large_a extent_n and_o although_o very_a hilly_a for_o the_o generality_n be_v of_o a_o rich_a and_o fertile_a soil_n both_o for_o corn_n and_o pasture_n and_o be_v well_o store_v with_o cattle_n fish_n fowl_n and_o fruit_n the_o air_n be_v temperate_a and_o good_a except_o in_o the_o weald_n and_o marsh_n which_o be_v aguish_a it_o be_v well_o water_v with_o rivers_n many_o of_o which_o be_v navigable_a as_o the_o thames_n which_o wash_v its_o northern_a part_n the_o medway_n which_o in_o a_o manner_n divide_v the_o shire_n in_o the_o midst_n and_o be_v the_o station_n for_o his_o majesty_n navy_n royal_a which_o say_v river_n lose_v itself_o under_o ground_n and_o rise_v again_o near_a cox-heath_n beside_o 10_o other_o of_o considerable_a account_n which_o open_v with_o several_a creek_n and_o havens_n be_v find_v commodious_a for_o ship_n to_o ride_v in_o of_o which_o four_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o cinque_fw-fr port_n viz._n dover_n sandwich_n rumney_n and_o heath_n and_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o these_o river_n which_o be_v cross_v by_o divers_a bridge_n be_v seat_v several_a good_a to_n this_o county_n boast_v itself_o for_o be_v the_o first_o kingdom_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n of_o have_v a_o particular_a king_n to_o itself_o that_o it_o be_v never_o subdue_v but_o yield_v upon_o article_n to_o the_o norman_n and_o to_o keep_v their_o ancient_a custom_n that_o their_o king_n and_o commons_o among_o all_o the_o saxon_n be_v the_o first_o christian_n this_o county_n be_v enrich_v with_o two_o city_n and_o episcopal_a see_v be_v strengthen_v with_o several_a castle_n be_v grace_v with_o 4_o of_o the_o king_n palace_n beautify_v with_o many_o splendid_a building_n well_o replenish_v with_o gentry_n sufficient_o store_v with_o safe_a road_n and_o secure_a harbour_n for_o ship_n plentiful_o garnish_v with_o good_a town_n be_v a_o place_n of_o a_o considerable_a trade_n afford_v corn_n and_o other_o grain_n cloth_n and_o several_a drapery_n fullers-earth_n mad_a flax_n iron_n wood_n fruit_n both_o apple_n and_o cherry_n in_o great_a plenty_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o vicinity_n to_o france_n be_v well_o know_v and_o frequent_v by_o stranger_n as_o to_o its_o division_n it_o have_v 14_o bailywick_n 17_o franchise_n and_o liberty_n which_o have_v court_n of_o record_n to_o hold_v plea_n of_o all_o action_n real_a personal_a and_o mix_v and_o 14_o corporation_n for_o the_o name_n of_o all_o which_o see_v the_o volume_n of_o britannia_n pag._n 122._o late_o publish_v by_o i_o it_o be_v sever_v into_o 5_o lath_n and_o 64_o hundred_o in_o which_o say_v hundred_o be_v number_v 400_o and_o odd_a parish_n and_o have_v intercourse_n of_o traffic_n with_o 28_o market_n to_n place_n lath_z of_o sutton_n with_o its_o chief_a place_n the_o lath_n of_o sutton_n or_o sutton_n at_o hone_n be_v sever_v into_o 8_o hundred_o have_v two_o division_n of_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o for_o its_o chief_a place_n have_v sevenoke_n sevenoke_n sevenoke_n a_o town_n of_o good_a resort_n so_o call_v from_o its_o founder_n will._n sevenoke_n lord_n major_a of_o london_n anno_fw-la 1418._o who_o erect_v a_o free_a school_n and_o a_o hospital_n have_v a_o market_n on_o saturday_n which_o be_v well_o serve_v with_o corn_n and_o previsions_n dartford_n dartford_n dartford_n seat_v on_o the_o darent_fw-la not_o far_o from_o its_o influx_n into_o the_o thames_n and_o on_o the_o high_a road_n from_o london_n to_o canterbury_n it_o be_v a_o good_a large_a town_n full_a of_o inn_n and_o house_n of_o entertainment_n and_o have_v a_o market_n on_o saturday_n which_o be_v well_o store_v with_o corn_n and_o provision_n and_o be_v much_o frequent_v by_o corn-chandlers_n and_o meal-man_n greenwich_n greenwich_n greenwich_n a_o large_a well_o build_v and_o very_o pleasant_a town_n seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o thames_n be_v much_o inhabit_v and_o frequent_v by_o gentry_n and_o ennoble_v with_o a_o once_o stately_a palace_n of_o the_o king_n out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o which_o be_v now_o erect_v a_o curious_a pile_n of_o building_n and_o adjoin_v to_o this_o palace_n be_v a_o small_a but_o pleasant_a park_n which_o afford_v a_o delectable_a prospect_n and_o here_o it_o be_v that_o queen_n elizabeth_n with_o divers_a other_o prince_n be_v bear_v adjoin_v to_o greenwich_n be_v black-heath_n a_o place_n of_o note_n in_o former_a time_n for_o military_a affair_n and_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o here_o may_v be_v dug_n excellent_a sea-coal_n but_o be_v not_o encourage_v for_o fear_n of_o hinder_v the_o newcastle-trade_n eltham_n seat_v on_o the_o southside_n of_o shooters-hill_n among_o wood_n eltham_n eltham_n a_o well_o build_v town_n neat_o situate_v well_o inhabit_v by_o gentry_n and_o be_v once_o honour_v with_o a_o palace_n of_o his_o majesty_n say_v to_o be_v build_v by_o anthony_n beck_n patriarch_n of_o jerusalem_n who_o give_v it_o to_o queen_n eliantor_n wife_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o describe_v aylesford_n lath_n describe_v the_o lath_n of_o aylesford_n be_v of_o a_o large_a extent_n reach_v from_o north_n to_o south_n be_v servee_v into_o 15_o hundred_o be_v divide_v into_o 3_o division_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o have_v for_o its_o chief_a place_n rochester_n a_o ancient_a city_n and_o once_o large_a than_o now_o it_o be_v rochester_n rochester_n be_v at_o present_a but_o small_a have_v but_o one_o principal_a street_n which_o be_v of_o a_o good_a length_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n inhabit_v by_o tradesman_n and_o innkeeper_n and_o grace_v with_o well_o build_v house_n beside_o its_o cathedral_n build_v by_o ethelbert_n king_n of_o kent_n dedicate_v to_o st._n andrew_n a_o fair_a structure_n to_o which_o belong_v a_o deanary_n and_o 6_o prehendary_n it_o be_v a_o city_n no_o less_o pleasant_o than_o commodious_o seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o medway_n over_o which_o it_o have_v a_o stately_a stone-bridge_n sustain_v by_o divers_a arch_n which_o lead_v unto_o stroud_n a_o good_a fair_a and_o well_o inhabit_v thoroughfare_n town_n from_o london_n to_o canterbury_n as_o be_v rochester_n this_o city_n enjoy_v several_a immunity_n be_v dignify_v with_o the_o title_n of_o a_o earldom_n govern_v by_o a_o major_n court_n of_o alderman_n with_o other_o sub-officer_n have_v the_o election_n of_o parliament_n man_n be_v well_o resort_v unto_o and_o its_o market_n on_o friday_n be_v well_o serve_v with_o provision_n adjoin_v to_o this_o city_n be_v chetham_n also_o seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o medway_n a_o long_a thoroughfare_n town_n which_o be_v chief_o inhabit_v by_o seaman_n and_o those_o that_o have_v alliance_n thereunto_o and_o the_o more_o as_o be_v the_o station_n of_o the_o navy-royal_a and_o where_o there_o be_v a_o stately_a dock_n for_o the_o building_n and_o equip_v of_o his_o majesty_n ship_n gravesend_n gravesend_n gravesend_n seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o thames_n a_o place_n of_o great_a resort_n as_o be_v the_o common_a landing-place_n for_o stranger_n and_o seaman_n in_o their_o passage_n to_o london_n as_o likewise_o the_o accustomary_a place_n for_o the_o take_n of_o ship_n and_o the_o ready_a road_n to_o france_n which_o do_v occasion_n it_o to_o be_v well_o furnish_v with_o inn_n tavern_n and_o house_n of_o entertainment_n and_o its_o market_n on_o wednesdays_n and_o saturday_n to_o be_v 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and_o frequent_v town_n enjoy_v large_a immunity_n and_o send_v a_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o major_n 2_o bailiff_n 15_o common_a councillor_n a_o town_n clerk_n and_o other_o sub-officer_n and_o have_v a_o considerable_a market_n for_o corn_n and_o provision_n on_o saturday_n chepstow_n chepstow_n chepstow_n seat_v on_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n which_o be_v wash_v with_o the_o wye_n near_o its_o fall_n into_o the_o severn_n a_o town_n former_o very_o famous_a and_o of_o great_a resort_n be_v say_v to_o be_v raise_v out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o venta_n silurum_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o silures_n it_o be_v a_o large_a well_o build_v inhabit_v and_o frequent_v town_n and_o have_v a_o market_n on_o saturday_n which_o be_v very_o good_a for_o corn_n and_o provision_n and_o very_o considerable_a for_o swine_n carlion_n or_o caerleon_n a_o ancient_a and_o flourish_a city_n of_o the_o roman_n carlion_n carlion_n which_o be_v evidence_v by_o the_o 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a_o place_n of_o great_a strength_n it_o be_v a_o large_a town_n have_v well-built_a house_n enjoy_v a_o good_a trade_n for_o flanel_n and_o straw-hat_n here_o make_v in_o great_a plenty_n and_o its_o market_n which_o be_v on_o tuesdays_n be_v very_o considerable_a for_o cattle_n provision_n etc._n etc._n norfolk_n county_n of_o norfolk_n the_o county_n of_o norfolk_z be_v of_o a_o different_a soil_n but_o may_v be_v comprise_v under_o two_o head_n to_o wit_n champain_n and_o wood-land_n yet_o notwithstanding_o about_o the_o town_n it_o be_v of_o a_o claiey_n chalkey_n and_o fat_a earth_n and_o not_o without_o wood._n that_o which_o be_v comprise_v under_o the_o head_n of_o champain_n be_v along_o the_o seacoast_n and_o from_o thetford_n to_o burnham_n and_o so_o westward_n and_o afford_v great_a plenty_n of_o corn_n and_o on_o the_o heath_n great_a flock_n of_o sheep_n be_v feed_v the_o wood-land_n part_n be_v chief_o for_o graze_v yet_o not_o without_o corn_n ground_n the_o ancient_a 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populous_a city_n and_o enjoy_v a_o great_a trade_n especial_o for_o their_o stocking_n stuff_n and_o manufacture_n here_o make_v it_o be_v commodious_o seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o yare_a which_o sever_v it_o but_o be_v join_v together_o by_o several_a brige_n and_o in_o a_o pleasant_a valley_n it_o be_v about_o a_o mile_n and_o half_a in_o length_n and_o almost_o of_o the_o like_a breadth_n and_o be_v encompass_v with_o a_o wall_n except_o on_o the_o side_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n and_o have_v 12_o gate_n for_o entrance_n and_o for_o divine_a worship_n 32_o parish_n church_n besides_o chapel_n it_o be_v chief_a building_n be_v the_o cathedral_n the_o bishop_n palace_n the_o palace_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n the_o market-house_n the_o cross_n and_o the_o house_n of_o correction_n make_v of_o freestone_n here_o be_v a_o hospital_n where_o 100_o poor_a man_n and_o woman_n be_v maintain_v this_o city_n may_v not_o improper_o be_v call_v a_o orchard_n in_o a_o city_n or_o a_o city_n in_o a_o orchard_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o pleasant_a intermixture_n of_o the_o house_n with_o tree_n it_o be_v first_o govern_v by_o 4_o bailiff_n but_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o it_o be_v incorporate_v into_o a_o majoralty_n and_o make_v a_o county_n who_o limit_n extend_v to_o eatonbridge_n it_o enjoy_v several_a immunity_n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n and_o be_v the_o see_v of_o a_o bishop_n its_o market_n on_o wednesday_n friday_n and_o saturday_n be_v very_o great_a and_o well_o store_v with_o corn_n live_v cattle_n leathen_a yarn_n worsted_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o provision_n lynn_n lynn_n lynn_n or_o lynn_n regis_n seat_v almost_o at_o the_o influx_n of_o the_o owse_n into_o the_o washes_n a_o fair_a large_a and_o well-built_a borough_n town_n number_v 3_o parish_n church_n of_o good_a antiquity_n enjoy_v ample_a immunity_n which_o be_v grant_v they_o for_o their_o good_a service_n against_o the_o outlaw_a baron_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o major_n 12_o aldermon_n have_v a_o recorder_n swordbearer_n and_o other_o sub-officer_n send_v its_o representative_n to_o parliament_n for_o its_o defence_n be_v encompass_v about_o with_o a_o wall_n and_o a_o deep_a trench_n be_v well_o water_v have_v 2_o rivulet_n which_o run_v through_o the_o street_n which_o be_v pass_v over_o by_o 15_o bridge_n it_o be_v well_o inhabit_v by_o merchant_n and_o tradesman_n have_v a_o commodious_a haven_n and_o its_o market_n on_o tuesdays_n and_o saturday_n be_v well_o serve_v with_o commodity_n and_o provision_n yarmouth_n yarmouth_n yarmouth_n seat_v on_o the_o yare_a at_o its_o influx_n into_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a strength_n as_o well_o by_o nature_n as_o art_n be_v esteem_v the_o key_n of_o this_o ghost_n the_o town_n be_v large_a yet_o have_v but_o one_o church_n but_o that_o be_v so_o large_a that_o it_o serve_v for_o two_o minister_n its_o building_n be_v good_a it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o a_o great_a resort_n be_v well_o inhabit_v and_o trade_v unto_o and_o the_o more_o as_o be_v the_o ready_a passage_n to_o holland_n for_o the_o packet-boat_n and_o other_o vessel_n about_o this_o coast_n great_a abundance_n of_o herring_n be_v catch_v in_o september_n and_o as_o great_a quantity_n of_o mackerel_n in_o the_o summer_n season_n it_o be_v a_o town_n corporate_a have_v for_o its_o chief_a magistrate_n 2_o bailiff_n it_o enjoy_v several_a immunity_n and_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n it_o be_v market_n be_v on_o saturday_n which_o be_v very_o great_a for_o corn_n fish_n and_o provision_n windham_n windham_n windham_n seat_v in_o a_o dirty_a bottom_n have_v a_o indifferent_a good_a market_n for_o corn_n and_o provision_n on_o friday_n but_o chief_o for_o stocking_n wooden-spoon_n yapp_n and_o spindle_n which_o be_v here_o make_v and_o sell_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o great_a abundance_n swasham_n swasham_n swasham_n seat_v on_o a_o hill_n a_o large_a and_o well_o build_v town_n full_a of_o inn_n end_v well_o inhabit_v by_o shopkeeper_n who_o drive_v a_o good_a trade_n it_o be_v market_n which_o be_v on_o saturday_n be_v very_o well_o serve_v with_o corn_n and_o provision_n be_v esteem_v one_o of_o the_o best_a market_n town_n in_o the_o county_n north_n walsham_n walsham_n north_n walsham_n seat_v in_o a_o level_n not_o far_o from_o the_o sea_n a_o fine_a market_n town_n which_o on_o thursdays_n be_v well_o provide_v with_o corn_n flesh_n and_o other_o commodity_n describe_v county_n of_o northampton_n describe_v northampton_n a_o inland_a county_n of_o a_o fat_a and_o rich_a soil_n both_o for_o tillage_n and_o pasturage_n every_o way_n recompense_v the_o husbandman_n pain_n and_o industry_n both_o for_o its_o excellent_a grain_n and_o for_o feed_v and_o breed_n of_o store_n of_o sheep_n horse_n and_o cattle_n insomuch_o that_o here_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v less_o waste_a
at_o present_v the_o turk_n possess_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n and_o keep_v still_o or_o do_v not_o long_o since_o beglerby_n at_o erzerum_n car_n revan_n van_fw-mi schildir_n tefflis_n and_o derbent_a beside_o which_o there_o be_v many_o city_n of_o considerable_a note_n some_o of_o which_o the_o persian_n hold_v 1._o place_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n erzerum_fw-la on_o the_o euphrates_n near_o the_o black_a sea_n on_o which_o and_o not_o far_o from_o erzerum_n be_v trebisonde_v which_o facilitate_v a_o great_a trade_n between_o the_o east_n west_n and_o north_n for_o come_v from_o the_o indian_a ocean_n by_o the_o gulf_n of_o ormus_n and_o so_o up_o the_o euphrates_n they_o may_v receive_v pass_v by_o what_o come_v from_o the_o west_n to_o aleppo_n and_o carry_v it_o unto_o erzerum_fw-la from_o whence_o to_o trebisonde_v by_o land_n be_v not_o above_o 25_o or_o 30_o league_n 2._o gar_z char_n or_o likewise_o chissery_n be_v four_o or_o five_o day_n journey_n from_o erzerum_n towards_o the_o east_n on_o the_o river_n euphrates_n it_o have_v be_v take_v and_o retake_v divers_a time_n by_o the_o turk_n and_o persian_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o revan_n schilder_n and_o van_n this_o last_o be_v not_o great_a but_o well_o wall_v and_o with_o great_a ditch_n and_o have_v a_o castle_n who_o situation_n be_v such_o as_o render_v it_o almost_o inaccessible_a 3._o tefflis_n be_v likewise_o in_o some_o esteem_n at_o present_a but_o much_o more_o former_o under_o the_o name_n of_o artaxata_n which_o artaxias_n father_n of_o tigranes_n king_n of_o armenia_n cause_v to_o be_v build_v and_o fortify_v at_o the_o persuasion_n of_o hannibal_n 4._o derbent_v of_o great_a antiquity_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v its_o foundation_n lay_v by_o alexander_n the_o great_a who_o also_o erect_v that_o no_o less_o great_a than_o strong_a castle_n which_o be_v call_v kastow_n adjoin_v to_o the_o say_a city_n which_o be_v the_o great_a and_o most_o ordinary_a passage_n between_o turcomania_n persia_n and_o other_o southern_a province_n of_o asia_n to_o zuire_v the_o kingdom_n of_o astracan_a and_o other_o more_o northern_a estate_n of_o europe_n and_o asia_n it_o be_v situation_n be_v upon_o the_o utmost_a mountain_n which_o regard_v the_o taberestan_a or_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o all_o be_v so_o well_o fortify_v that_o the_o turk_n have_v take_v occasion_n to_o call_v the_o place_n demir_n or_o temir_n capi_n or_o the_o port_n of_o iron_n and_o the_o name_n of_o derbent_n signify_v a_o straight_a port_n and_o in_o all_o likelihood_n these_o be_v the_o caspiae_n porte_fw-fr so_o famous_a among_o the_o ancient_n because_o that_o in_o the_o black_a sea_n and_o the_o sea_n of_o tabarestan_n which_o be_v about_o 3_o or_o 400_o thousand_o pace_n it_o be_v all_o high_a mountainous_a and_o hard_o to_o be_v pass_v and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o passage_n they_o be_v infamous_a for_o robbery_n and_o incursion_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n or_o the_o prince_n which_o possess_v they_o make_v this_o city_n be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a strength_n be_v environ_v with_o two_o strong_a wall_n and_o fortify_v with_o tower_n and_o iron-gate_n be_v account_v the_o key_n or_o inlet_n to_o persia_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n 5._o bitlis_n and_o manuscute_fw-la belong_v to_o the_o curd_n who_o have_v here_o many_o and_o divers_a lord_n better_o affect_v to_o the_o persian_n than_o the_o turk_n bitlis_n be_v between_o two_o mountain_n water_v with_o a_o river_n which_o receive_v many_o fair_a fountain_n the_o house_n be_v build_v with_o stone_n which_o be_v rare_a in_o that_o country_n other_o be_v of_o nothing_o but_o wood_n and_o earth_n the_o castle_n be_v seat_v advantageous_o but_o i_o believe_v this_o place_n be_v not_o now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o turk_n and_o to_o speak_v truth_n we_o have_v at_o present_a little_a knowledge_n of_o any_o thing_n concern_v these_o quarter_n armenia_n be_v much_o better_o know_v and_o more_o famous_a in_o ancient_a time_n than_o at_o present_a under_o the_o name_n of_o turcomania_n armenia_n the_o bound_n of_o armenia_n its_o bound_n be_v very_o advantageous_a be_v quite_o encompass_v with_o high_a mountain_n large_a river_n and_o wash_v by_o divers_a sea_n and_o seat_v northwards_o of_o the_o caspian_a mountain_n which_o divide_v it_o from_o media_n now_o call_v seruan_fw-mi armenis_fw-la the_o mountain_n of_o armenis_fw-la this_o country_n be_v well_o replenish_v with_o mountain_n valley_n river_n and_o lake_n the_o mountain_n anti-taurus_n divide_v it_o east_n and_o west_n almost_o from_o one_o extremity_n to_o the_o other_o who_o most_o eastern_o point_n be_v call_v abus_n from_o whence_o the_o euphrates_n tigris_n and_o araxes_n take_v some_o of_o their_o stream_n the_o gordian_a mountain_n pour_v forth_o the_o great_a supply_n to_o tigris_n and_o the_o pariarde_n increase_v most_o the_o stream_n of_o euphrates_n araxes_n and_o farza_n armenia_n chief_z rivers_z in_o armenia_n farza_n turn_v his_o course_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o after_o have_v pass_v colchida_n and_o press_v through_o 100_o or_o 120_o bridge_n fall_v into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n araxes_n turn_v towards_o the_o east_n water_v the_o fair_a and_o rich_a plain_n of_o armenia_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n between_o media_n and_o albania_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o euphrates_n descend_v towards_o the_o west_n but_o approach_v the_o euxine_a sea_n it_o turn_v again_o towards_o the_o south_n and_o reunite_v its_o two_o channel_n into_o one_o traverse_n the_o anti-taurus_n and_o taurus_n divide_v armenia_n and_o mesopotamia_n from_o asia_n minor_n syria_n and_o arabia_n descend_v into_o chaldea_n where_o it_o water_v the_o ancient_a babylon_n and_o lose_v itself_o in_o the_o tigris_n this_o last_o descend_v from_o mount_n abus_n and_o the_o georgian_a mountain_n fall_v into_o divers_a lake_n lose_v itself_o and_o rise_v divers_a time_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n cut_v the_o mountain_n niphates_n separate_v mesopotamia_n from_o assyria_n wash_v ninive_n seleucia_n ctesiphon_n receive_v all_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o euphrates_n and_o discharge_v itself_o in_o the_o persian_a gulf_n armenia_n lake_n of_o most_o note_n in_o armenia_n the_o great_a lake_n of_o armenia_n be_v thospitis_n areessa_n and_o lychinte_n this_o last_o be_v towards_o the_o araxes_n and_o the_o caspian_a sea_n areessa_n be_v the_o same_o that_o pliny_n and_o solinus_n call_v arethusa_n thospitis_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n be_v another_o lake_n the_o tigris_n likewise_o cross_n after_o which_o it_o lose_v itself_o the_o second_o time_n the_o first_o have_v its_o water_n so_o as_o it_o will_v take_v spot_n out_o of_o clothes_n but_o be_v not_o good_a to_o drink_v armenia_n king_n of_o eminent_a note_n in_o armenia_n among_o the_o king_n of_o armenia_n which_o make_v themselves_o most_o know_v to_o the_o roman_n or_o parthian_n tigranes_n son-in-law_n to_o mithridates_n king_n of_o pontus_n have_v be_v the_o most_o famous_a this_o tigranes_n after_o have_v be_v a_o hostage_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o parthian_n regain_v his_o estate_n by_o their_o mean_n in_o recompense_n of_o which_o he_o give_v they_o 70_o valley_n on_o the_o confine_n of_o media_n and_o assyria_n but_o after_o he_o know_v and_o have_v gather_v together_o his_o power_n he_o retake_v all_o those_o valley_n beat_v the_o parthian_n out_o of_o they_o pillage_v assyria_n as_o far_o as_o ninive_n and_o arbela_n subject_v to_o himself_o a_o part_n of_o media_n and_o afterward_o all_o mesopotamia_n syria_n phoenicia_n and_o cilicia_n but_o whilst_o he_o believe_v himself_o above_o fortune_n mithridates_n his_o father-in-law_n be_v divers_a time_n defeat_v and_o drive_v from_o his_o realm_n of_o pontus_n by_o lucullus_n and_o the_o roman_n and_o retire_v himself_o into_o armenia_n to_o his_o son-in-law_n his_o refusal_n to_o abandon_v or_o deliver_v he_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o lucullus_n draw_v the_o roman_n into_o armenia_n where_o lucullus_n several_a time_n defeat_v tigranes_n take_v tigranocerta_n where_o be_v his_o regal_a diadem_n and_o likewise_o in_o a_o great_a set-battel_n where_o tigranes_n have_v 150000_o foot_n and_o 1000_o or_o 1200_o horse_n fly_v 100000_o foot_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o cavalry_n constrain_a he_o to_o yield_v to_o the_o roman_n the_o province_n of_o cilicia_n syria_n phoenicia_n and_o mesopotamia_n and_o content_v himself_o with_o armenia_n only_o but_o for_o the_o present_n let_v we_o lay_v aside_o history_n ptolemy_n the_o division_n of_o armenia_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n ptolemy_n divide_v armenia_n into_o four_o principal_a part_n and_o allot_v to_o the_o first_o 7_o region_n or_o province_n 6_o to_o the_o second_o 3_o to_o the_o three_o and_z 4_o to_o the_o four_o place_v in_o the_o first_o part_n 30_o city_n 27_o in_o the_o second_o 12_o in_o the_o three_o and_o 18_o in_o
and_o those_o estate_n which_o we_o will_v comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o sian_n be_v to_o the_o north_n of_o pegu._n we_o may_v consider_v they_o in_o two_o principal_a part_n of_o which_o one_o shall_v retain_v the_o name_n of_o sian_n and_o the_o other_o that_o of_o malacca_n this_o latter_a be_v a_o peninsula_n which_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o latitude_n unto_o the_o 11_o or_o 12_o from_o whence_o the_o first_o advance_v itself_o into_o the_o main_a land_n unto_o the_o 19_o or_o 20_o degree_n on_o this_o side_n the_o equator_fw-la extent_n it_o be_v extent_n they_o reach_v then_o each_o 250_o and_o together_o 4_o or_o 500_o league_n from_o south_n to_o north._n but_o the_o peninsula_n of_o malacca_n be_v very_o straight_o not_o be_v above_o 10_o or_o 12_o league_n broad_a in_o the_o isthmus_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o sian_n in_o other_o place_n 20_o 30_o 40_o and_o some_o time_n 80._o sian_n be_v almost_o of_o a_o equal_a length_n and_o breadth_n under_o the_o name_n of_o sian_n separate_v from_o the_o peninsula_n of_o malacca_n we_o comprehend_v the_o kingdom_n of_o sian_n martaban_n jangoma_n and_o camboya_n under_o the_o name_n of_o malacca_n those_o of_o tanacerin_n juncalaon_n singora_n queda_n pera_n patane_n pan_n malacca_n ihor_n and_o other_o as_o in_o the_o geographical_a table_n sian_a the_o chief_a place_n of_o the_o particular_a sian_a the_o kingdom_n of_o sian_n especial_o so_o call_v have_v several_a city_n of_o note_n viz._n first_o odiaa_o which_o some_o call_v sian_a the_o metropolis_n be_v a_o city_n of_o a_o large_a extent_n a_o place_n of_o so_o great_a strength_n that_o in_o 1567._o they_o stout_o defend_v themselves_o against_o a_o army_n of_o 1400000_o fight_a man_n which_o the_o king_n of_o pegu_n bring_v against_o they_o for_o twenty_o month_n together_o by_o reason_n of_o which_o together_o with_o several_a other_o mutation_n that_o have_v since_o happen_v among_o they_o the_o city_n have_v be_v much_o eclipse_v of_o its_o former_a beauty_n splendour_n and_o riches_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o commodious_a situation_n on_o the_o river_n menam_n be_v still_o a_o place_n of_o great_a trade_n and_o commerce_n be_v rich_a and_o populous_a the_o house_n be_v build_v very_o high_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o annual_a overflow_a of_o this_o river_n about_o the_o month_n of_o march_n so_o that_o it_o cover_v the_o earth_n for_o about_o 120_o mile_n in_o compass_n which_o render_v these_o country_n very_o fruitful_a as_o the_o nile_n do_v egypt_n during_o this_o inundation_n its_o inhabitant_n retire_v to_o the_o upper_a room_n of_o their_o house_n and_o to_o every_o house_n there_o be_v a_o boat_n or_o other_o vessel_n belong_v by_o which_o mean_n they_o negotiate_v their_o affair_n until_o the_o river_n return_v to_o her_o usual_a bound_n trade_n its_o commodity_n and_o trade_n the_o principal_a commodity_n of_o this_o city_n or_o indeed_o of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v cotton-linnen_n of_o several_a sort_n benjamin_n lacque_fw-la of_o which_o they_o make_v excellent_a hard_a wax_n also_o that_o costly_a wood_n which_o the_o portugal_n call_v palo_n dangula_n and_o calamba_n which_o be_v weigh_v against_o silver_n and_o gold_n for_o 〈◊〉_d perfume_v and_o the_o wood_n sapon_n use_v by_o dyer_n also_o spice_n some_o drug_n diamond_n gold_n camphora_n bezar-stone_n musk_n porcelaine_n and_o last_o that_o excellent_a wine_n or_o distil_v liquod_fw-la which_o they_o call_v nipe_n which_o they_o make_v of_o cocos_fw-la or_o indian_a nut_n be_v of_o great_a esteem_n over_o all_o india_n and_o elsewhere_o it_o be_v other_o place_n be_v bankock_n note_v for_o excellent_a pepper_n lugor_n seat_v on_o the_o seashore_n and_o socotay_n famous_a for_o have_v a_o temple_n only_o make_v of_o metal_n which_o be_v 80_o span_n high_a and_o answerable_a in_o length_n and_o breadth_n be_v adorn_v with_o abundance_n of_o idol_n build_v by_o one_o of_o their_o king_n at_o his_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n etc._n martaban_n its_o commodity_n etc._n etc._n the_o kingdom_n of_o martaban_n towards_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n be_v contiguous_a to_o pegu_n to_o which_o it_o have_v be_v subject_a at_o present_a be_v to_o sian_n this_o kingdom_n have_v many_o port_n frequent_v for_o trade_n for_o beside_o its_o grain_n fruit_n oil_n and_o medicinal_a herb_n it_o be_v rich_a in_o mine_n of_o gold_n silver_n iron_n lead_v steel_n and_o copper_n it_o have_v ruby_n lacques_n and_o benjamin_n etc._n etc._n and_o they_o make_v vessel_n of_o earth_n which_o they_o call_v martabanes_n of_o which_o some_o be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o hold_v a_o bushel_n this_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o porcelain_n varnish_v with_o black_a and_o wherein_o they_o keep_v water_n wine_n oil_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o liquor_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n they_o be_v esteem_v in_o all_o the_o east_n commodity_n jangoma_fw-it and_o its_o commodity_n jangoma_fw-it on_o the_o confine_n of_o pegu_n siam_n and_o brama_n have_v be_v subject_a or_o tributary_n sometime_o to_o one_o and_o sometime_o to_o another_o it_o have_v gold_n silver_n copper_n musk_n cotton_n of_o which_o they_o make_v manufacture_n pepper_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v people_n be_v more_o addict_v to_o horse_n than_o foot_n service_n camboja_n be_v the_o last_o and_o most_o southerly_a part_n of_o the_o peninsula_n camboja_n camboja_n which_o be_v between_o the_o gulf_n of_o sian_a and_o cochin-china_n the_o principal_a city_n be_v ravecca_n and_o camboja_n of_o which_o the_o kingdom_n take_v it_o name_n which_o be_v under_o the_o 10_o or_o 11_o degree_n of_o latitude_n and_o on_o the_o principal_a and_o most_o eastern_o branch_v of_o the_o river_n menam_n which_o as_o it_o be_v believe_v come_v from_o china_n but_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v from_o some_o region_n former_o subject_a to_o or_o which_o be_v part_n of_o china_n people_n it_o be_v people_n the_o people_n in_o their_o manner_n and_o custom_n resemble_v those_o of_o sian_a who_o subject_n they_o have_v be_v and_o who_o tributary_n yet_o late_o they_o be_v malacca_n etc._n peninsula_n of_o malacca_n its_o part_n commodity_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o peninsula_n of_o malacca_n be_v divers_a kingdom_n which_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o geographical_a table_n which_o all_o except_o the_o city_n of_o malacca_n be_v likewise_o tributary_n to_o that_o of_o sian_n tenasserin_n be_v a_o country_n of_o trade_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o archipelago_n which_o contain_v several_a island_n and_o of_o its_o isthmus_n which_o facilitate_v the_o transportation_n of_o merchant_n from_o one_o sea_n to_o another_o and_o of_o its_o port_n which_o be_v commodious_a it_o be_v other_o place_n be_v juncalaon_n zueda_n pera_n and_o malacca_n all_o which_o place_n afford_v nipe_n of_o burn_a wine_n commodity_n ihor_n its_o chief_a place_n and_o commodity_n ihor_n be_v beyond_o cape_n de_fw-fr sincapura_n and_o on_o the_o utmost_a point_n of_o the_o peninsula_n it_o be_v chief_a city_n be_v take_v and_o ruin_v by_o the_o portugal_n in_o 1603_o who_o take_v from_o thence_o 1500_o brass_n cannon_n the_o king_n of_o ihor_n for_o revenge_v besiege_v malacca_n in_o 1606_o with_o 60000_o man_n but_o be_v constrain_v to_o raise_v his_o siege_n there_o be_v some_o petty_a king_n which_o be_v his_o tributary_n pahang_n have_v lignum_fw-la aquila_n and_o calamba_n near_o to_o that_o of_o cochin-china_n of_o camphire_n like_v to_o that_o of_o borneo_n gold_n but_o of_o a_o low_a alloy_n than_o we_o petra_n porea_fw-la of_o near_a as_o much_o virtue_n as_o the_o bezoar_n against_o poison_n diamond_n nutmeg_n mace_n etc._n etc._n trade_n patane_n and_o its_o trade_n patane_n within_o few_o year_n be_v grow_v famous_a the_o kingdom_n be_v frequent_v by_o divers_a nation_n particular_o by_o the_o chinois_n who_o bring_v thither_o porcelaine_v divers_a manufacture_n and_o instrument_n of_o husbandry_n instead_o of_o which_o they_o carry_v back_o timber_n for_o building_n cordage_n make_v of_o cocos_fw-la rice_n and_o divers_a skin_n etc._n etc._n the_o pepper_n be_v excellent_a but_o dear_a than_o at_o bantam_n their_o saroyboura_a that_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o swallow_n nest_n which_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o in_o cochin-china_n be_v much_o seek_v after_o the_o soil_n be_v good_a produce_v fruit_n every_o month_n in_o the_o year_n their_o hen_n duck_n and_o goose_n often_o lay_v egg_n twice_o a_o day_n among_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o fowl_n they_o have_v white_a heron_n and_o turtle_n of_o various_a colour_n like_o paroquetoe_n patane_n singora_n brodelong_v and_o ligor_fw-la be_v on_o the_o same_o gulf_n which_o may_v be_v call_v also_o by_o patana_n and_o make_v part_n of_o that_o of_o sian_a patane_n and_o ligor_fw-la towards_o the_o two_o end_n singora_n and_o brodelong_v in_o the_o midst_n and_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o this_o gulf_n and_o these_o two_o last_o be_v head_n city_n of_o province_n
gueye_v timocove_n etc._n etc._n who_o have_v in_o part_n take_v and_o receive_v the_o manner_n and_o barbarousness_n of_o the_o tartar_n their_o neighbour_n place_n its_o part_n and_o chief_a place_n cochin-china_n likewise_o be_v divide_v into_o chiampaa_n and_o cochin-china_n chiampaa_o between_o camboja_n and_o cochin-china_n regard_v the_o isle_n of_o sonde_n towards_o the_o south_n the_o philippines_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o touch_v on_o tunquin_n to_o the_o north._n it_o be_v principal_a city_n bear_v the_o same_o name_n according_a to_o most_o author_n but_o according_a to_o other_o pulocacein_o it_o have_v nothing_o which_o be_v not_o common_a to_o cochin-china_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o cochin-china_n particular_o take_v be_v better_a know_v than_o all_o the_o neighbour_a country_n because_o it_o be_v whole_o upon_o the_o sea_n have_v 150_o league_n of_o coast_n and_o not_o above_o 40_o or_o 50_o in_o breadth_n between_o the_o mountain_n of_o kemois_n a_o barbarous_a people_n and_o the_o sea_n its_o province_n be_v descend_v from_o north_n to_o south_n sinuva_n cacciam_fw-la quangiva_fw-la quingin_n or_o pulacambis_n and_o ranran_n the_o two_o first_o touch_n upon_o tunquin_n the_o last_o touch_n on_o the_o kingdom_n of_o chiampaa_n the_o king_n make_v his_o ordinary_a residence_n in_o the_o province_n of_o sinuva_n or_o at_o cacciam_fw-la city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n with_o their_o province_n people_n it_o be_v fertility_n commodity_n temperature_n and_o people_n all_o the_o country_n be_v fertile_a abound_v in_o rice_n fruit_n and_o herb_n breed_v many_o fowl_n and_o beast_n and_o the_o sea_n excellent_a fish_n it_o produce_v cinnamon_n pepper_n lignum_fw-la aquilae_fw-la calamba_n and_o benjamin_n it_o be_v temperature_n be_v pleasant_a though_o under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o air_n healthful_a and_o the_o soil_n so_o abundant_a in_o all_o thing_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v no_o knowledge_n either_o of_o contagion_n or_o famine_n they_o have_v gold_n silver_n silk_n porcelain_n and_o divers_a other_o valuable_a commodity_n all_o sort_n of_o nation_n frequent_v its_o coast_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o goodness_n of_o its_o port_n and_o because_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v courteous_a liberal_a kind_a to_o stranger_n and_o faithful_a in_o their_o deal_n they_o be_v courageous_a and_o more_o warlike_a than_o those_o of_o tunquin_n or_o china_n handle_v all_o sort_n of_o arm_n with_o no_o small_a activity_n they_o be_v idolater_n christianity_n be_v introduce_v in_o 1620_o and_o begin_v to_o flourish_v but_o their_o king_n have_v of_o date_n very_o much_o persecute_v they_o among_o the_o particularity_n and_o rarity_n of_o the_o country_n we_o must_v place_v the_o lutt_n a_o inundation_n which_o in_o autumn_n cover_v with_o its_o water_n almost_o all_o the_o country_n it_o renew_v from_o 15_o to_o 15_o day_n remain_v only_o 3_o day_n at_o a_o time_n make_v the_o earth_n so_o fruitful_a that_o it_o bring_v forth_o its_o increase_n twice_o or_o thrice_o a_o year_n their_o saroyboura_a find_v several_a rarity_n here_o find_v or_o matter_n wherewith_o certain_a swallow_n make_v their_o nest_n which_o after_o those_o bird_n leave_v dry_a and_o harden_a they_o gather_v in_o great_a quantity_n which_o be_v steep_v and_o moisten_v in_o water_n serve_v for_o sauce_n to_o all_o sort_n of_o meat_n and_o as_o former_o manna_n communicate_v such_o a_o variety_n of_o taste_n that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v compose_v of_o cinnamon_n clove_n pepper_n and_o other_o spice_n their_o lignum_fw-la aquilae_fw-la and_o calamba_n come_v from_o the_o same_o tree_n the_o first_o from_o the_o trunk_n of_o a_o young_a tree_n the_o last_o from_o the_o trunk_n of_o a_o old_a tree_n but_o this_o last_o be_v much_o more_o esteem_v than_o the_o other_o both_o for_o its_o odour_n and_o virtue_n a_o pound_n of_o it_o on_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v beat_v down_o be_v worth_a 5_o ducat_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o port_n 15_o or_o 16_o and_o if_o transport_v to_o japan_n 200._o if_o some_o piece_n be_v find_v to_o make_v a_o whole_a pillar_n it_o be_v worth_a 3_o or_o 400_o ducat_n the_o pound_n the_o lignum_fw-la aquilae_fw-la among_o other_o thing_n serve_v to_o burn_v the_o dead_a body_n of_o their_o king_n prince_n and_o priest_n burn_v wood_n as_o heavy_a as_o iron_n and_o which_o consume_v not_o except_o burn_v among_o the_o wood_n they_o use_v for_o building_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n which_o they_o call_v uncorruptible_a whether_o in_o water_n or_o earth_n their_o tree_n they_o call_v thin_n the_o wood_n of_o the_o one_o be_v near_o as_o black_a as_o ebony_n the_o other_o near_o the_o colour_n of_o yew_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o take_v out_o of_o the_o bark_n be_v smooth_a and_o glib_a so_o solid_a and_o weighty_a that_o it_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n and_o serve_v also_o for_o anchor_n for_o ship_n they_o make_v pillar_n on_o which_o they_o erect_v their_o building_n and_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o lutt_n they_o drive_v joist_n and_o plank_n between_o those_o column_n and_o with_o cane_n and_o reed_n accommodate_v divers_a apartment_n which_o they_o take_v away_o in_o the_o time_n of_o those_o inundation_n that_o the_o water_n may_v run_v the_o free_a tunqvin_n the_o kingdom_n of_o tunqvin_n be_v part_n on_o the_o sea_n and_o part_n on_o the_o main_a land_n situation_n the_o kingdom_n of_o tunquin_n its_o bound_n extent_n and_o situation_n it_o bound_n on_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o gulf_n of_o cochin-china_n there_o where_o it_o divide_v china_n from_o cochin-china_n and_o have_v about_o 150_o league_n of_o coast_n on_o the_o land_n it_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o seventeen_o degree_n of_o latitude_n on_o this_o side_n the_o equator_fw-la unto_o the_o twenty_o three_o which_o be_v likewise_o 150_o league_n from_o north_n to_o south_n its_o breadth_n be_v only_o about_o 100_o league_n from_o east_n to_o west_n part_n its_o part_n this_o kingdom_n contain_v seven_o province_n of_o which_o the_o three_o most_o southern_o be_v bochin_n gehan_n and_o tinhoa_n the_o four_o most_o northern_o be_v beramar_n kedom_n kenam_n and_o kethay_n bochin_n touch_v on_o cochin-china_n and_o the_o two_o other_o advance_v along_o the_o gulf_n towards_o the_o north_n among_o the_o four_o last_o beramar_n and_o kedun_n be_v towards_o china_n kenan_n and_o kethay_n towards_o the_o people_n lay_v powerful_a the_o king_n very_o powerful_a the_o king_n of_o tunquin_n ordinary_o entertain_v a_o militia_n of_o 50000_o man_n take_v from_o the_o three_o southern_o province_n and_o pay_v by_o the_o four_o northern_a because_o these_o last_o late_o revolt_v and_o the_o other_o remain_v in_o obedience_n place_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n kecchio_n be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n where_o the_o king_n ordinary_o reside_v it_o be_v not_o above_o twenty_o mile_n in_o circuit_n but_o have_v a_o million_o of_o inhabitant_n some_o author_n will_v have_v it_o call_v tunquin_n that_o be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o west_n and_o that_o the_o kingdom_n take_v its_o name_n from_o it_o the_o land_n have_v beautiful_a plain_n and_o water_v with_o many_o great_a river_n which_o with_o the_o rain_n and_o melt_a of_o the_o snow_n which_o descend_v from_o the_o mountain_n that_o separate_v it_o from_o the_o lay_n the_o kingdom_n of_o ciocangue_n china_n and_o cochin-china_n make_v it_o fruitful_a by_o their_o inundation_n render_v it_o better_o and_o more_o abundant_a than_o cochin-china_n yet_o have_v it_o neither_o corn_n vines_n nor_o olive_n tree_n commodity_n it_o be_v fertiliy_v and_o commodity_n but_o they_o gather_v rice_n twice_o a_o year_n of_o which_o they_o make_v bread_n they_o fetch_v in_o wine_n and_o instead_o of_o oil_n make_v use_v of_o the_o matter_n take_v from_o swallow_n nest_n of_o which_o they_o have_v no_o less_o quantity_n than_o cochin-china_n they_o have_v neither_o ass_n nor_o sheep_n but_o many_o horse_n elephant_n and_o rhinocerote_n who_o flesh_n skin_n bone_n tooth_n nail_n and_o horn_n serve_v for_o antidote_n against_o poison_n they_o have_v so_o much_o pullain_n pigeon_n turtle_n and_o other_o fowl_n that_o they_o give_v they_o almost_o for_o nothing_o among_o their_o fruit_n they_o have_v fair_a pomegranate_n which_o beyond_o the_o ordinary_a excellency_n of_o that_o fruit_n have_v here_o a_o particular_a and_o delightful_a juice_n for_o fish_n they_o make_v account_n that_o in_o the_o season_n there_o daily_o go_v 10000_o bark_n out_o of_o their_o port_n to_o fish_n christianity_n they_o embrace_v christianity_n the_o catholic_n religion_n be_v so_o introduce_v here_o some_o year_n past_a that_o there_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v more_o than_o 200000_o christen_v soul_n 200_o great_a church_n and_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o chapel_n and_o oratory_n there_o have_v since_o happen_v divers_a change_n in_o these_o kingdom_n the_o portugal_n have_v several_a
they_o cross_v out_o it_o be_v other_o chief_a place_n be_v 1_o xauquin_n a_o maritime_a city_n 2_o luicheu_o also_o seat_v on_o the_o sea_n very_o commodious_a for_o traffic_n and_o opposite_a to_o the_o isle_n of_o aynan_n from_o which_o it_o be_v distant_a about_o 5_o league_n 3_o lampaca_n also_o seat_v upon_o the_o sea_n and_o 4_o nanhium_n seat_v far_o within_o land_n and_o among_o the_o mountain_n which_o part_n this_o province_n from_o chiamsi_n commodity_n the_o isle_n of_o aynan_n &_o its_o commodity_n the_o isle_n of_o aynan_n be_v also_o comprehend_v under_o this_o province_n and_o be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o the_o island_n that_o belong_v to_o china_n it_o be_v distant_a from_o amacao_n on_o the_o south_n 50_o or_o 60_o league_n it_o be_v almost_o as_o long_o as_o broad_a have_v 50_o league_n from_o south_n to_o north_n where_o it_o almost_o join_v upon_o the_o southern_a coast_n of_o china_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n regard_v cochinchina_n it_o abound_v in_o grain_n fruit_n tame_a and_o wild_a beast_n the_o sea_n have_v pearl_n lignum_fw-la aquilae_fw-la and_o calamba_n their_o craw-fish_n take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n die_v and_o grow_v hard_a like_o a_o stone_n which_o be_v reduce_v to_o powder_n serve_v for_o a_o remedy_n against_o many_o disease_n the_o earth_n have_v mine_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n care_v little_a in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o island_n the_o people_n be_v likewise_o half_a savage_n the_o chief_a city_n be_v kincenfen_n seat_v on_o the_o seashore_n and_o regard_v the_o province_n of_o canton_n city_n the_o province_n of_o quancy_n and_o its_o chief_a city_n the_o province_n of_o qvancy_n which_o purchas_n call_v guansa_n enjoy_v the_o same_o temperament_n with_o canton_n yield_v the_o same_o commodity_n and_o with_o the_o same_o plenty_n but_o be_v not_o so_o much_o frequent_v by_o mexchant_n nor_o have_v scarce_o any_o confluence_n of_o stranger_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o its_o river_n loose_a and_o discharge_v themselves_o all_o in_o the_o province_n and_o at_o the_o city_n of_o canton_n which_o force_v they_o to_o pass_v through_o the_o hand_n of_o those_o of_o canton_n to_o utter_v their_o merchandize_n and_o receive_v those_o of_o other_o in_o this_o province_n there_o be_v ten_o large_a city_n of_o which_o quancy_n be_v chief_a all_o well_o build_v and_o very_o populous_a beside_o about_o one_o hundred_o small_a one_o place_n the_o province_n of_o zunnan_n and_o its_o chief_a place_n the_o province_n of_o zunnan_n which_o purchas_n call_v vanam_fw-la be_v the_o last_o on_o the_o south_n coast_n where_o it_o be_v wash_v by_o the_o gulf_n of_o cochinchina_n and_o on_o the_o west_n where_o it_o touch_v on_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tunquin_n and_o on_o divers_a people_n beyond_o those_o mountain_n which_o enclose_v the_o west_n of_o china_n the_o woman_n have_v here_o the_o liverty_n to_o go_v in_o public_a to_o buy_v and_o sell_v which_o those_o of_o other_o part_n of_o china_n do_v not_o it_o have_v mine_n which_o yield_v a_o kind_n of_o amber_n red_a and_o less_o pure_a than_o we_o but_o which_o have_v some_o particular_a virtue_n against_o flux_n beside_o this_o it_o transport_v few_o merchandize_n into_o other_o place_n this_o province_n have_v likewise_o good_a store_n of_o small_a and_o great_a city_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o the_o province_n and_o hilan_n seat_v on_o a_o lake_n so_o call_v which_o be_v inform_v of_o a_o crescent_n place_n the_o province_n of_o chiamsi_n its_o trade_n &_o chief_a place_n the_o province_n of_o chiamsi_n which_o purchas_n call_v lansay_v be_v enclose_v with_o mountain_n which_o have_v their_o passage_n open_a to_o the_o neighbour_a province_n and_o particular_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o canton_n on_o the_o mountain_n of_o muilin_n there_o be_v a_o great_a concourse_n for_o the_o carriage_n of_o merchandize_n which_o be_v transport_v from_o canton_n to_o nanquin_n which_o be_v do_v by_o mount_v the_o river_n of_o canton_n unto_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n from_o whence_o the_o carriage_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o vessel_n be_v load_v and_o bear_v upon_o man_n back_n to_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o mountain_n where_o there_o be_v find_v another_o navigable_a river_n which_o cross_v the_o province_n kiamsi_n till_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o famous_a jamchuquiam_fw-la which_o lead_v to_o nanquin_n and_o the_o sea_n this_o province_n be_v so_o people_v that_o a_o part_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v constrain_v to_o spread_v themselves_o through_o all_o other_o province_n of_o china_n to_o seek_v their_o fortune_n it_o be_v in_o one_o of_o the_o city_n of_o this_o province_n that_o they_o make_v porcelain_n the_o water_n here_o be_v fit_a to_o give_v it_o perfection_n the_o earth_n be_v fetch_v from_o other_o place_n beat_v and_o fashion_v at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o tincture_n they_o most_o common_o apply_v be_v azure_a some_o lay_n on_o vermilion_n other_o yellow_a in_o this_o province_n be_v 12_o great_a city_n beside_o about_o sixty_o small_a one_o its_o chief_a city_n be_v call_v nanciam_fw-la seat_v on_o a_o lake_n as_o be_v quianhanfu_n and_o other_o it_o be_v other_o chief_a place_n be_v 1_o kienchan_n 2_o linbiang_n 3_o juencheu_fw-la 4_o nangam_fw-la commodity_n the_o province_n of_o huquam_fw-la and_o its_o commodity_n the_o province_n of_o huqvam_n be_v so_o abundant_a in_o rice_n that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o furnish_v a_o good_a part_n of_o china_n it_o be_v likewise_o rich_a in_o oil_n and_o fish_n the_o jamchuquian_a and_o many_o other_o river_n and_o lake_n cross_v it_o on_o all_o side_n and_o carry_v its_o commodity_n towards_o nanquin_n and_o to_o quincheu_o it_o be_v very_o populous_a contain_v 15_o great_a city_n and_o about_o 100_o small_a one_o the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v 1_o chingiang_n 2_o huchang_n 3_o suchang_n 4_o yocheu_o etc._n etc._n describe_v the_o povince_n of_o suchuen_n describe_v the_o province_n of_o suchven_n which_o mendoza_n call_v susuan_n purchas_n soin_fw-fr be_v one_o of_o the_o lesser_a province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v high_a situate_v and_o pour_v down_o its_o river_n into_o the_o neighbour_a province_n here_o be_v find_v good_a store_n of_o yellow_a amber_n and_o excellent_a rhubarb_n it_o be_v chief_a city_n be_v in_o number_n 8_o together_o with_o about_o 120_o lesser_a one_o all_o which_o be_v exceed_o populous_a the_o chief_a bear_v the_o name_n of_o the_o province_n place_n the_o province_n of_o quicheu_o and_o its_o chief_a place_n the_o last_o of_o the_o province_n i_o have_v to_o treat_v of_o be_v qvichev_n or_o likewise_o cutchev_n according_a to_o purchas_n it_o border_n on_o the_o people_n timocove_v gueyes_n the_o kingdom_n of_o ciocangue_n and_o the_o people_n call_v lay_v here_o be_v that_o famous_a lake_n câ—ncui-hai_a from_o whence_o come_v divers_a river_n which_o water_n china_n they_o make_v here_o quantity_n of_o arm_n of_o all_o sort_n to_o serve_v against_o those_o people_n which_o border_n upon_o they_o which_o once_o belong_v to_o china_n but_o which_o now_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v enemy_n to_o it_o this_o province_n be_v hilly_a and_o unever_o which_o make_v it_o not_o very_o fertile_a in_o corn_n fruit_n etc._n etc._n but_o it_o have_v abundance_n of_o quicksilver_n and_o also_o it_o breed_v the_o best_a horse_n of_o any_o province_n in_o all_o china_n city_n in_o this_o province_n be_v very_o few_o there_o be_v not_o above_o 15_o both_o small_a and_o great_a the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v 1._o quicheo_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n yanchuquianâ—_n 2._o rueyang_n 3._o hianchoau_n 4._o lipe_v 5._o cipan_n etc._n etc._n all_o these_o province_n or_o rather_o all_o these_o kingdom_n of_o china_n be_v govern_v by_o divers_a magistrate_n which_o those_o of_o europe_n call_v in_o general_a mandarin_n these_o be_v person_n that_o have_v patent_n who_o the_o king_n or_o chief_a officer_n of_o state_n do_v choose_v after_o knowledge_n of_o their_o capacity_n and_o honesty_n the_o degree_n give_v to_o student_n the_o general_a and_o particular_a government_n the_o charge_n of_o the_o militia_n the_o receipt_n of_o and_o management_n of_o revenue_n the_o building_n and_o repair_v of_o public_a building_n the_o civil_a and_o criminal_a justice_n be_v in_o their_o hand_n and_o there_o be_v appeal_n from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o according_a to_o the_o order_n and_o nature_n of_o affair_n the_o council_n of_o estate_n always_o reside_v near_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n and_o have_v a_o general_a eye_n over_o the_o kingdom_n but_o it_o shall_v suffice_v what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o china_n let_v we_o finish_v by_o say_v that_o we_o have_v describe_v it_o as_o it_o be_v before_o the_o tartar_n make_v a_o irruption_n in_o â—618_n these_o tartar_n keep_v it_o whole_o for_o some_o year_n since_o which_o
or_o god_n on_o a_o four_o square_a place_n cover_v with_o wire_n or_o fetissoe_n straw_n which_o the_o bird_n by_o they_o call_v god_n bird_n devour_v during_o which_o time_n the_o fetissero_n sit_v upon_o a_o stool_n with_o a_o pot_n of_o drink_n in_o his_o hand_n use_v several_a ceremony_n theirabode_n their_o marriage_n theirabode_n among_o their_o barbarous_a custom_n they_o have_v one_o very_o good_a and_o that_o be_v when_o their_o daughter_n be_v of_o a_o fit_a age_n to_o marry_v they_o put_v they_o into_o house_n which_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o monastery_n where_o for_o a_o year_n they_o be_v educate_v by_o old_a man_n of_o good_a repute_n among_o they_o and_o at_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o say_a year_n they_o be_v bring_v well_o habit_v according_a to_o their_o custom_n and_o accompany_v with_o music_n and_o dance_a and_o when_o a_o youngman_n make_v choice_n of_o any_o of_o they_o he_o bargain_v with_o her_o parent_n and_o satisfy_v the_o old_a man_n that_o educate_v she_o for_o his_o pain_n and_o charge_n which_o be_v not_o much_o and_o then_o take_v she_o to_o wife_n the_o portion_n be_v thus_o pay_v they_o meet_v one_o another_o naked_a and_o the_o woman_n swear_v to_o be_v faithful_a to_o the_o man_n both_o at_o bed_n and_o board_n and_o so_o the_o marriage_n be_v conclude_v but_o the_o man_n swear_v not_o be_v at_o liberty_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o least_o offence_n he_o may_v put_v she_o away_o or_o force_v she_o to_o pay_v a_o fine_a of_o so_o many_o potoe_n of_o gold_n and_o according_a to_o the_o ability_n of_o a_o man_n he_o may_v buy_v and_o keep_v as_o many_o wife_n as_o he_o please_v among_o which_o the_o elder_a be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o young_a the_o man_n never_o lie_v with_o any_o of_o his_o wife_n neither_o eat_v with_o they_o but_o on_o tuesdays_n which_o be_v their_o sabbath_n and_o although_o the_o husband_n command_v yet_o the_o wife_n be_v the_o purse-bearer_n until_o she_o be_v with_o child_n and_o ready_a to_o be_v deliver_v at_o which_o time_n be_v stark_o naked_a and_o in_o the_o field_n among_o the_o people_n she_o throw_v the_o bag_n to_o her_o husband_n until_o take_v a_o handful_n of_o manniget_n and_o a_o spoonful_n of_o oil_n she_o go_v abroad_o the_o next_o day_n as_o well_o as_o if_o she_o have_v not_o be_v with_o child_n or_o suffer_v any_o pain_n and_o then_o fea_v her_o neighbour_n circumcise_v the_o child_n and_o after_o it_o have_v lie_v sprawl_v upon_o the_o ground_n two_o or_o three_o day_n she_o take_v it_o and_o carry_v it_o on_o her_o shoulder_n child_n how_o they_o bring_v up_o their_o child_n like_o those_o which_o we_o call_v gipsy_n and_o be_v about_o four_o year_n of_o age_n the_o mother_n bring_v it_o to_o the_o father_n who_o teach_v it_o to_o swim_v make_v net_n fish_n and_o row_n give_v it_o nothing_o but_o what_o it_o can_v earn_v and_o when_o it_o can_v be_v master_n of_o so_o much_o gold_n as_o will_v purchase_v linen_n to_o make_v it_o a_o wastcloth_n it_o be_v rich_a in_o guiny_n there_o be_v several_a petty_a kingdom_n who_o make_v war_n one_o against_o the_o other_o war._n their_o war._n during_o which_o war_n they_o destroy_v and_o burn_v the_o country_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o enemy_n may_v find_v no_o succour_n remove_v their_o good_n to_o a_o neighbour_a kingdom_n with_o who_o they_o have_v peace_n and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n surround_v the_o king_n weapon_n their_o weapon_n for_o his_o defence_n and_o safeguard_n and_o thus_o they_o march_v their_o weapon_n be_v the_o bow_n and_o arrow_n with_o which_o they_o be_v so_o expert_a that_o they_o can_v shoot_v within_o the_o breadth_n of_o a_o shilling_n also_o they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o poniard_n the_o dagger_n the_o shield_n and_o turban_n in_o which_o war_n those_o they_o kill_v they_o eat_v those_o they_o take_v they_o make_v slave_n and_o such_o be_v those_o that_o the_o english_a dutch_a and_o other_o nation_n buy_v of_o they_o and_o who_o they_o subdue_v they_o take_v hostage_n from_o king_n the_o riches_n revenue_n state_n and_o power_n of_o their_o king_n their_o king_n be_v not_o over-rich_a that_o revenue_n which_o they_o have_v come_v from_o the_o custom_n and_o tithe_n upon_o good_n as_o also_o in_o the_o two_o ounce_n of_o gold_n pay_v by_o every_o man_n that_o lie_v with_o another_o wife_n likewise_o in_o fines_n levy_v for_o theft_n for_o their_o ransom_n and_o last_o in_o the_o sixpenny_n forfeiture_n for_o bring_v their_o weapon_n within_o any_o of_o their_o city_n neither_o do_v they_o live_v in_o great_a pomp_n and_o grandeur_n a_o poor_a cottage_n with_o we_o be_v with_o they_o a_o prince_n palace_n yet_o they_o be_v have_v in_o such_o reverence_n that_o none_o come_v to_o speak_v with_o they_o though_o of_o their_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n but_o must_v crawl_v upon_o the_o hand_n and_o knee_n and_o so_o deliver_v their_o business_n unto_o they_o but_o the_o white_a man_n be_v have_v in_o so_o much_o respect_n though_o never_o so_o poor_a that_o they_o sit_v cheek_n by_o jowl_n by_o their_o king_n upon_o the_o coronation_n day_n as_o also_o upon_o the_o quarter_n day_n when_o the_o king_n receive_v their_o custom_n they_o make_v a_o maguificent_a feast_n which_o last_v for_o two_o or_o three_o day_n at_o which_o time_n they_o have_v all_o the_o variety_n in_o their_o way_n as_o the_o country_n will_v afford_v and_o many_o of_o they_o be_v hold_v very_o powerful_a and_o here_o on_o this_o coastof_n guiny_n the_o dutch_a have_v be_v great_a trader_n have_v several_a hold_n and_o factory_n but_o of_o late_a in_o anno_fw-la 1663._o and_o 64_o the_o english_a have_v have_v many_o struggle_n with_o the_o dutch_a who_o they_o have_v pretty_a well_o subdue_v and_o have_v now_o settle_v their_o several_a factory_n and_o be_v incorporate_v into_o a_o society_n at_o london_n call_v the_o royal_a african_a company_n who_o have_v many_o factory_n and_o settlement_n drive_v a_o very_a considerable_a trade_n to_o the_o great_a benefit_n of_o the_o nation_n isle_n of_o st._n thomas_n etc._n etc._n between_o guiny_n and_o the_o low_a aethiopia_n be_v a_o guph_n where_o be_v the_o isle_n of_o st._n thomas_n prince_n island_n fernand_n poo_n annobon_n or_o bon_n anne_n and_o far_o in_o the_o great_a sea_n st._n matthew_n the_o ascension_n st._n helena_n etc._n etc._n these_o isle_n have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o day_n whereon_o they_o be_v discover_v that_o of_o the_o prince_n because_o its_o revenue_n be_v design_v for_o the_o prince_n of_o portugal_n that_o of_o fernand_n poo_n from_o he_o that_o discover_v it_o but_o of_o all_o these_o island_n that_o of_o st._n thomas_n be_v by_o much_o the_o great_a describe_v the_o island_n of_o st._n thomas_n describe_v and_o the_o best_a its_o form_n be_v almost_o round_o it_o be_v thirty_o other_o say_v forty_o other_o and_o with_o more_o apparent_a truth_n 60000_o pace_n diameter_n which_o be_v 180000_o pace_n or_o 65_o league_n circuit_n seat_v under_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o excessive_a heat_n which_o be_v there_o predominant_a the_o air_n be_v find_v very_o prejudicial_a and_o unhealthful_a to_o stranger_n especial_o to_o the_o european_n who_o scarce_o ever_o reach_v to_o the_o age_n of_o fifty_o year_n and_o the_o woman_n much_o less_o yet_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n live_v common_o 100_o year_n and_o without_o sickness_n they_o have_v no_o rain_n but_o only_o in_o march_n and_o september_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o dew_n which_o at_o all_o other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n fall_v the_o earth_n be_v well_o moisten_v so_o that_o it_o bring_v forth_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n root_n and_o potherb_n but_o their_o principal_a riches_n be_v their_o sugar_n of_o which_o they_o have_v sometime_o export_v 150000_o arrobe_n each_o arrobe_n be_v 32_o l._n weight_n which_o be_v five_o million_o of_o pound_n yearly_a also_o ginger_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v carry_v they_o in_o exchange_n for_o their_o commodity_n wine_n oil_n cheese_n stuff_n bead_n drinking-glass_n corn-flower_n and_o little_a white_a shell_n which_o serve_v for_o money_n in_o aethiopia_n as_o in_o guiny_n etc._n etc._n they_o trade_n in_o the_o neighbour_a coast_n where_o be_v the_o river_n of_o barca_n campo_n st._n benito_n st._n juan_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o corisco_n those_o grain_n and_o vine_n which_o they_o will_v have_v sow_o and_o plant_v have_v not_o thrive_v the_o earth_n be_v too_o fat_a they_o make_v their_o bread_n of_o divers_a root_n have_v their_o wood_n from_o palm-tree_n they_o feed_v much_o fowl_n have_v abundance_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o fish_n both_o great_a and_o small_a among_o other_o whale_n they_o have_v also_o great_a store_n of_o fourfooted_a beast_n among_o other_o their_o hog_n bear_v
the_o bell_n which_o be_v feed_v with_o sugarcane_n after_o the_o juice_n be_v draw_v out_o grow_v fat_a and_o become_v so_o excellent_a that_o their_o pullain_n be_v account_v for_o no_o value_n to_o they_o even_o for_o sick_a people_n the_o middle_n of_o the_o isle_n be_v fill_v with_o mountain_n which_o be_v load_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o tree_n which_o be_v always_o cover_v with_o cloud_n which_o so_o moisten_v the_o tree_n that_o from_o they_o â—alls_v so_o much_o fresh_a water_n as_o make_v many_o little_a stream_n which_o water_v all_o part_n of_o the_o island_n the_o portugal_n have_v build_v the_o city_n pavoasan_n contain_v about_o 〈◊〉_d or_o 800_o house_n and_o some_o fort_n to_o defend_v the_o port_n they_o have_v erect_v a_o bishopric_n and_o do_v allow_v of_o no_o religion_n but_o the_o christian_a this_o town_n be_v well_o frequent_v by_o portugal_n merchant_n who_o trade_n in_o the_o commodity_n aforesaid_a the_o inhabitant_n be_v negro_n and_o very_o black_a prince_n island_n have_v a_o little_a city_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n live_v convenient_o the_o isle_n be_v fruitful_a island_n prince_n island_n yield_a fruit_n sugar_n some_o ginger_n etc._n etc._n once_o take_v by_o the_o hollander_n who_o for_o some_o reason_n soon_o abandon_v it_o annobon_n the_o island_n of_o annobon_n the_o island_n of_o annobon_n yield_v sugar_n cotton_n cattle_n and_o excellent_a fruit_n especial_o large_a orange_n in_o this_o isle_n there_o be_v a_o town_n of_o 100_o or_o 120_o house_n of_o black_n who_o be_v govern_v by_o some_o few_o portugal_n helena_n the_o isle_n of_o st._n helena_n the_o island_n of_o st._n helena_n be_v first_o discover_v by_o the_o portugal_n upon_o the_o 21_o of_o may_n on_o which_o day_n be_v celebrate_v the_o memory_n of_o st._n helena_n the_o mother_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a from_o who_o it_o take_v its_o name_n this_o isle_n be_v so_o fertile_a that_o it_o be_v observe_v no_o place_n in_o all_o europe_n yield_v the_o like_a plenty_n for_o with_o manure_v and_o cultivate_v the_o earth_n it_o produce_v excellent_a fruit_n which_o be_v here_o find_v all_o the_o year_n it_o have_v great_a store_n of_o barbary_n hen_n feasant_n partridge_n pigeon_n quail_n peacock_n with_o several_a sort_n of_o small_a bird_n in_o great_a plenty_n it_o have_v also_o goat_n swine_n etc._n etc._n yet_o this_o isle_n be_v not_o inhabit_v but_o serve_v for_o the_o english_a portugal_n spaniard_n and_o hollander_n to_o refresh_v themselves_o in_o go_v but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o return_v from_o the_o indies_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o furnish_v ship_n with_o provision_n for_o their_o voyage_n here_o be_v salt_n to_o preserve_v the_o meat_n from_o stink_v and_o beside_o the_o air_n be_v so_o healthful_a that_o they_o often_o leave_v their_o sick_a people_n there_o who_o in_o a_o short_a time_n be_v restore_v to_o perfect_a health_n and_o by_o the_o next_o ship_n that_o put_v in_o there_o be_v take_v in_o again_o during_o which_o time_n they_o find_v wherewithal_o to_o feed_v they_o but_o some_o year_n ago_o the_o hollander_n ruin_v all_o that_o be_v good_a only_o to_o spite_v the_o spaniard_n who_o afterward_o do_v the_o same_o that_o the_o english_a hollander_n etc._n etc._n may_v have_v no_o profit_n by_o it_o this_o island_n be_v well_o furnish_v with_o good_a water_n which_o alone_o be_v a_o great_a refreshment_n to_o ship_n inhabit_v other_o isle_n not_o inhabit_v the_o island_n of_o fernand_n poo_n st._n matthews_n and_o ascension_n be_v also_o not_o inhabit_v and_o of_o no_o great_a account_n nor_o much_o know_v which_o we_o shall_v pass_v by_o say_v only_o that_o they_o have_v some_o fowl_n wild_a beast_n and_o their_o sea_n yield_v fish_n nubia_n bound_n nubia_n and_o its_o bound_n nubia_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n west_n and_o south_n almost_o every_o where_n with_o mountain_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o the_o desert_n of_o barca_n and_o egypt_n on_o the_o north_n from_o saara_n and_o the_o negro_n on_o the_o west_n and_o from_o the_o abyssins_n on_o the_o south_n the_o rest_n towards_o the_o east_n be_v hound_v in_o part_n by_o the_o nile_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o the_o isle_n of_o gueguere_fw-la in_o part_n by_o a_o imaginary_a line_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o divers_a province_n of_o which_o some_o belong_v to_o the_o turk_n who_o hold_v all_o that_o be_v on_o the_o red_a sea_n which_o they_o have_v take_v from_o the_o abyssins_n place_n it_o be_v length_n and_o breadth_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n nubia_n thus_o take_v make_v a_o long_a square_n who_o length_n from_o south-west_n to_o north-east_n be_v about_o 400_o league_n and_o its_o breadth_n from_o southeast_n to_o north-west_n almost_o every_o where_o 200_o league_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o nubia_n be_v cusa_n gualva_n dancala_n jalac_n and_o sula_n according_a to_o the_o arab_n of_o nubia_n moreover_n and_o in_o the_o same_o author_n i_o find_v that_o tamalma_n zaghara_n mathan_n angimi_fw-la nuabia_n tagua_n and_o some_o other_o fall_v likewise_o in_o nubia_n and_o by_o some_o author_n gorham_n which_o some_o will_v put_v among_o the_o negro_n shall_v be_v likewise_o in_o nubia_n because_o it_o be_v on_o the_o nile_n there_o where_o it_o can_v have_v no_o communication_n with_o the_o negro_n who_o ought_v to_o be_v upon_o and_o about_o the_o niger_n likewise_o damocla_n towards_o the_o negro_n and_o bugia_n towards_o egypt_n aught_o to_o be_v esteem_v in_o nubia_n gorham_n the_o city_n of_o gorham_n gorham_n be_v on_o the_o nile_n and_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o isle_n gueguere_fw-la sanutus_n make_v a_o kingdom_n a_o desert_n and_o a_o people_n of_o this_o name_n and_o extend_v they_o almost_o alâ—_n the_o length_n of_o the_o isle_n gueguere_fw-la not_o make_v any_o mention_n of_o the_o city_n of_o this_o name_n nor_o john_n leon_n of_o africa_n nor_o the_o arab_n of_o nubia_n nor_o vincent_n blank_a who_o say_v he_o have_v be_v in_o these_o quarter_n and_o speak_v only_o of_o the_o desert_n oâ—_n gorham_n other_o author_n make_v mention_n of_o this_o city_n and_o describe_v it_o on_o the_o nile_n sanutus_n say_v that_o there_o be_v find_v emerald_n in_o those_o mountain_n which_o bind_v gorham_n on_o the_o south_n except_o only_a gorham_n the_o arab_n of_o nubia_n observe_v the_o distance_n between_o all_o the_o other_o city_n which_o we_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o and_o say_v that_o tamalma_n have_v many_o inhabitant_n no_o wall_n make_v little_a account_n of_o mathan_n and_o angimi_fw-la moreover_o he_o esteem_v mathan_n the_o residence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o canem_fw-la who_o hold_v here_o many_o city_n make_v zaghara_n better_a and_o say_v it_o have_v some_o trade_n tagua_n and_o nubia_n more_o from_o which_o last_o the_o region_n and_o people_n take_v their_o name_n john_n leon_n and_o sanutus_n after_o he_o esteem_v dancala_n or_o dangala_n the_o chief_a of_o the_o kingdom_n seat_v on_o the_o nile_n and_o that_o it_o have_v about_o 10000_o family_n and_o he_o say_v its_o house_n be_v build_v with_o chalk_n and_o cover_v with_o lath_n or_o board_n the_o inhabitant_n civil_a and_o rich_a drive_v a_o good_a trade_n through_o all_o egypt_n even_o to_o cairo_n whither_o they_o carry_v arm_n clothes_n civet_n sanders_n and_o ivory_n they_o have_v a_o certain_a poison_n worth_a 100_o ducat_n a_o ounce_n which_o they_o sell_v only_o to_o stranger_n which_o promise_v not_o to_o use_v it_o in_o the_o country_n and_o also_o bugia_n seat_v on_o the_o nile_n a_o city_n of_o some_o account_n and_o trade_n as_o be_v jalac_n gualva_n and_o cusa_n also_o seat_v on_o the_o nile_n the_o empire_n of_o the_o abyssine_n or_o the_o high_a aethiopia_n wherein_o be_v comprehend_v divers_a kingdom_n country_n coast_n isle_n etc._n etc._n which_o may_v be_v consider_v as_o they_o lie_v northern_o and_o towards_o egypt_n as_o the_o kingdom_n of_o nubia_n with_o its_o estate_n and_o city_n of_o gorham_n jalac_n mathan_n gualva_n dancala_n cusa_n zaghara_n bugia_n angimi_fw-la tamalma_n sula_n tagua_n north-eastern_o and_o towards_o the_o red_a sea_n as_o the_o coast_n of_o adex_n which_o comprehend_v the_o kingdom_n of_o barnagasso_n suaquen_o ercocco_n carna_n corberia_n barva_n zama_n isle_n of_o bahia_n suaquem_fw-la mire_n macruma_n st._n peitre_n eastern_o and_o towards_o the_o sea_n of_o zanguebar_v as_o the_o coast_n of_o ajan_n which_o comprehend_v the_o kingdom_n of_o adea_n brava_n magadoxa_n barraboa_n quilmanca_n kingdom_n of_o adel_n adel_n zeila_n barbora_n meta._n isle_n of_o zocotora_fw-la the_o coast_n of_o zanguebar_v with_o its_o estate_n and_o city_n of_o mongale_n chelicia_n pate_n lamon_n angos_n mongalo_n melinda_n mombaze_n angos_n quiloa_n mozambique_n darcelum_n isle_n about_o the_o coast_n of_o zanguebar_v as_o monfia_n sanctus_n rochus_n zanzibara_n penda_n southern_o western_o and_o towards_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n
the_o first_o by_o 150_o portugal_n at_o the_o head_n of_o 8_o or_o 10000_o congolan_n which_o may_v make_v we_o judge_v of_o the_o goodness_n of_o their_o militia_n the_o kingdom_n be_v divide_v into_o province_n or_o mirinde_n which_o have_v each_o their_o soba_n which_o a_o 100_o year_n ago_o or_o little_o more_o be_v only_a governor_n for_o the_o king_n of_o congo_n now_o subject_a all_o to_o the_o great_a soba_n of_o angola_n who_o make_v only_o some_o present_n to_o the_o king_n of_o congo_n it_o be_v people_n use_v the_o same_o tongue_n money_n and_o arm_n with_o those_o of_o congo_n the_o empire_n of_o the_o monomotapa_a king_n the_o empire_n of_o the_o monomotapa_a its_o extent_n state_n and_o power_n of_o their_o king_n the_o monomotapa_a that_o be_v the_o emperor_n king_n or_o sovereign_n of_o motapa_n be_v according_a to_o vincent_n blanc_n call_v by_o his_o people_n tabaqui_n and_o possess_v a_o empire_n so_o great_a that_o it_o be_v make_v of_o 1000_o league_n circuit_n it_o be_v say_v by_o he_o that_o this_o prince_n deport_v himself_o with_o gravity_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o access_n to_o his_o person_n but_o with_o very_a great_a submission_n that_o he_o be_v always_o adorn_v with_o chain_n and_o precious_a stone_n like_v to_o a_o woman_n or_o rather_o like_o a_o spouse_n be_v please_v to_o receive_v present_n but_o give_v little_a keep_v a_o great_a seraglio_n of_o woman_n which_o it_o be_v forbid_v to_o approach_v and_o one_o part_n of_o his_o guard_n according_a to_o some_o be_v likewise_o compose_v of_o woman_n who_o be_v active_a at_o their_o arm_n and_o courageous_a he_o call_v his_o principal_a city_n madrogan_n which_o be_v the_o monomotapa_a of_o other_o where_o his_o royal_a palace_n be_v which_o be_v magnificent_a and_o great_a flank_v with_o tower_n without_o with_o four_o principal_a gate_n within_o hang_v with_o tapestry_n of_o cotton_n mix_v with_o gold_n and_o adorn_v with_o many_o rich_a and_o stately_a movable_n etc._n his_o habit_n etc._n etc._n this_o prince_n be_v always_o clothe_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o predecessor_n nor_o may_v he_o change_v any_o thing_n except_o the_o ornament_n of_o his_o neck_n and_o buskin_n he_o wear_v no_o foreign_a stuff_n for_o fear_n of_o poison_n and_o witchcraft_n his_o drink_n 〈◊〉_d wine_n of_o palm_n distil_v with_o manna_n amber_n and_o musk._n he_o spend_v much_o in_o odour_n and_o perfume_n make_v they_o be_v mix_v in_o those_o light_n which_o be_v carry_v before_o he_o and_o which_o serve_v where_o he_o be_v his_o court_n have_v a_o great_a many_o officer_n which_o serve_v with_o order_n and_o silence_n beside_o which_o they_o be_v throng_v with_o people_n his_o officer_n be_v easy_o know_v because_o they_o carry_v the_o talmassara_fw-it on_o their_o shoulder_n more_o or_o less_o enrich_v according_a to_o their_o condition_n or_o degree_n of_o place_n but_o all_o in_o the_o same_o fashion_n with_o the_o king_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v all_o black_a of_o a_o mean_a stature_n active_a and_o such_o good_a footman_n inhabitanâ—â—_n it_o be_v inhabitanâ—â—_n that_o they_o be_v say_v to_o outrun_v horse_n they_o be_v courageous_a addict_v to_o arm_n as_o also_o to_o trade_n the_o commonalty_n cover_v themselves_o but_o below_o the_o waist_n for_o which_o their_o apparel_n be_v make_v of_o skin_n of_o beast_n cotton_n cloth_n or_o the_o like_a but_o the_o better_a sort_n have_v clothes_n and_o stuff_n which_o be_v bring_v they_o from_o the_o indies_n the_o maid_n cover_v nothing_o of_o their_o body_n till_o they_o be_v marry_v their_o house_n be_v of_o wood_n or_o earth_n white_v fashion_v like_o a_o clock_n or_o rather_o like_o a_o bell._n those_o of_o the_o great_a lord_n be_v the_o high_a they_o have_v as_o many_o wife_n as_o they_o please_v but_o she_o who_o be_v the_o first_o espouse_v be_v always_o the_o chief_a and_o her_o child_n alone_o inherit_v the_o father_n good_n and_o estate_n the_o woman_n be_v here_o use_v very_o respectful_o none_o offer_v so_o much_o as_o to_o take_v the_o wall_n of_o they_o the_o maid_n be_v here_o not_o think_v fit_a to_o be_v marry_v till_o their_o menstrua_fw-la or_o natural_a purgation_n show_v their_o ability_n for_o conception_n which_o make_v they_o solemnize_v with_o a_o great_a feast_n their_o first_o flux_n they_o have_v no_o prison_n in_o all_o the_o country_n but_o all_o affair_n be_v determine_v and_o end_v on_o the_o place_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v convict_v of_o the_o fact_n or_o crime_n but_o above_o all_o offender_n those_o for_o theft_n adultery_n and_o witchcraft_n be_v the_o most_o severe_o treat_v and_o this_o sudden_a execution_n of_o criminal_n make_v the_o king_n to_o be_v reverence_v by_o his_o subject_n christianity_n find_v here_o some_o difficulty_n at_o the_o beginning_n at_o present_a it_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n who_o have_v likewise_o permit_v the_o portugal_n to_o work_v the_o mine_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o in_o this_o country_n be_v in_o great_a quantity_n and_o so_o rich_a that_o there_o be_v some_o who_o call_v this_o prince_n the_o emperor_n of_o gold_n not_o only_o the_o mine_n but_o likewise_o the_o river_n have_v gold_n in_o their_o sand_n among_o which_o those_o of_o do_v infantos_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n and_o of_o cuama_n towards_o their_o spring_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o lake_n zachaf_n but_o those_o of_o the_o country_n care_n for_o no_o more_o of_o it_o than_o be_v necessary_a to_o truck_v for_o what_o they_o have_v need_n of_o fertility_n it_o be_v fertility_n the_o wood_n have_v great_a store_n of_o elephant_n which_o yield_v they_o ivory_n as_o also_o other_o beast_n have_v rich_a pasture_n which_o be_v well_o furnish_v with_o cattle_n have_v grain_n fruit_n fowl_n be_v well_o water_v with_o many_o river_n in_o which_o be_v abundance_n of_o fish_n the_o air_n be_v temperate_a except_o that_o their_o winter_n be_v cold_a than_o may_v be_v expect_v in_o that_o climate_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o enclose_v it_o on_o all_o side_n and_o cross_v the_o country_n and_o their_o winter_n be_v in_o the_o same_o time_n when_o we_o have_v our_o summer_n to_o wit_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v about_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n king_n the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n the_o monomotapa_a be_v say_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o powerful_a prince_n of_o africa_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o greatness_n of_o his_o estate_n his_o riches_n and_o the_o great_a number_n of_o prince_n which_o hold_v of_o he_o or_o be_v under_o his_o dominion_n they_o yearly_o receive_v the_o fire_n which_o the_o monomotapa_a send_v they_o or_o upon_o refusal_n be_v account_v rebel_n but_o all_o these_o people_n though_o hardy_a and_o addict_v to_o arm_n be_v unexpert_a in_o they_o so_o that_o their_o number_n will_v do_v they_o little_a good_a if_o assault_v by_o the_o european_n they_o believe_v only_o in_o one_o god_n and_o punish_v with_o death_n idolater_n and_o sorcerer_n monomotapa_a the_o chief_a place_n in_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o monomotapa_a but_o a_o word_n or_o two_o of_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o this_o empire_n and_o first_o of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o province_n of_o butva_n who_o chief_a place_n be_v butua_n carma_n gallita_n zet_z seated_z a_o the_o lake_n zachaf_n dobdel_n calburas_n tialso_fw-la and_o zimbra_fw-la both_o under_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n bafat_n quiticu_n armeta_n maitagasi_n boro_n amara_fw-la giera_n and_o hagala_n most_o of_o which_o be_v city_n of_o some_o account_n and_o seat_v on_o rivers_n the_o chief_a place_n in_o monomotapa_a particular_o so_o call_v be_v monomotapa_a the_o chief_a of_o the_o empire_n zuggi_n jouros_n and_o mosata_n the_o chief_a in_o zefala_n bear_v the_o same_o name_n seat_v in_o a_o isthmus_n so_o call_v the_o chief_a in_o qviteva_n be_v cuama_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n so_o name_v abâ—â—â—_n the_o shoar_n of_o zefala_n be_v several_a isle_n among_o which_o three_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o vciqve_fw-la parvae_fw-la three_o of_o vciqve_fw-la majores_fw-la and_o two_o of_o spichellae_n and_o far_o a_o sea_n and_o towards_o the_o isle_n of_o madagascar_n be_v the_o isle_n of_o baixos_n de_fw-fr india_n the_o chief_a place_n of_o sedanda_fw-la be_v so_o call_v and_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o chicanga_n be_v zimbdos_n and_o buro_n and_o these_o be_v the_o part_n comprehend_v under_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o monomotapa_a monoemugi_a the_o empire_n of_o the_o monoemugi_a the_o monoemugi_a that_o be_v lord_n of_o emugi_n have_v his_o empire_n or_o estate_n between_o the_o abyssins_n the_o cafres_n the_o monomotapa_a and_o the_o zanguebar_v so_o that_o it_o be_v about_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o giaques_n or_o zaggaes_n which_o join_v to_o congo_n be_v likewise_o esteem_v subject_n to_o this_o empire_n he_o have_v often_o war_n
ill_o people_v they_o fish_n for_o pearl_n in_o mer_n vermejo_n and_o on_o the_o east_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o california_n and_o likewise_o along_o and_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o new_a granada_n or_o new_a mexico_n place_n mark_v de_fw-fr niza_n a_o franciscan_a his_o relation_n of_o this_o place_n mark_v de_fw-fr niza_n a_o franciscan_a make_v a_o voyage_n into_o these_o part_n in_o 1529_o and_o at_o his_o return_n recount_v marvel_n of_o what_o he_o have_v see_v and_o understand_v of_o people_n that_o wear_v about_o their_o head_n piece_n of_o mother_n of_o pearl_n of_o divers_a province_n rich_a in_o gold_n of_o city_n and_o house_n well_o build_v who_o gate_n be_v adorn_v with_o turquoise_n and_o other_o stone_n that_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o cibola_n be_v great_a than_o mexico_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o marata_n acu_fw-la and_o tonteac_n be_v likewise_o very_o rich_a and_o powerful_a cornada_n also_o the_o description_n of_o these_o part_n by_o vasque_n de_fw-fr cornada_n the_o relation_n of_o this_o friar_n cause_v mendoza_n viceroy_n of_o mexico_n to_o send_v vasque_n de_fw-fr cornada_n governor_n of_o new_a gallicia_n to_o search_v out_o the_o truth_n who_o far_o from_o find_v the_o riches_n he_o hope_v for_o find_v only_a people_n naked_a very_o poor_a rude_a and_o barbarous_a some_o city_n he_o find_v indifferent_o well_o build_v but_o sad_o furnish_v assure_v we_o that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o which_o the_o friar_n have_v make_v so_o much_o account_n of_o be_v almost_o all_o imaginary_a tonteac_n be_v only_o a_o lake_n about_o which_o there_o be_v some_o few_o habitation_n marata_n a_o thing_n invisible_a and_o acu_fw-la a_o beggarly_a town_n in_o esteem_n among_o they_o only_o gather_v some_o cotton_n possible_o the_o friar_n say_v more_o than_o he_o have_v see_v that_o he_o may_v incite_v the_o spaniard_n to_o send_v some_o colony_n hither_o and_o have_v the_o mean_n to_o convert_v those_o people_n and_o cornada_n less_o because_o he_o find_v not_o that_o present_a profit_n which_o he_o do_v in_o his_o government_n however_o it_o be_v this_o contrariety_n with_o those_o we_o have_v observe_v touch_v the_o city_n of_o granada_n and_o the_o province_n of_o quivira_n and_o anian_n may_v make_v we_o see_v how_o dangerous_a it_o be_v to_o trust_v those_o that_o come_v from_o part_n so_o remote_a and_o unknown_a whatever_o specious_a or_o fair_a habit_n they_o wear_v or_o whatever_o good_a tongue_n they_o have_v or_o whatever_o protestation_n they_o make_v of_o truth_n the_o audience_n of_o guatemala_n the_o audience_n of_o gvatemala_n be_v between_o the_o sea_n deal_v nort_n and_o shall_fw-mi and_o between_o divers_a isthmus_n and_o tongue_n of_o land_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o most_o southern_o part_v of_o america_n septentrionalis_n its_o province_n be_v guatemala_n province_n its_o province_n soconusco_n chiapa_n verapax_n honduras_n nicaragua_n costarica_n and_o veragua_n describe_v the_o province_n of_o guatemala_n with_o its_o city_n describe_v gvatemala_n and_o soconusco_n be_v on_o the_o mere_n del_fw-it shall_fw-mi chiapa_fw-la within_o land_n verapax_n and_o honduras_n on_o the_o mere_n del_fw-it nort_n castaria_n nicaragua_n and_o veragua_n on_o both_o sea_n guatemala_n have_v 150_o league_n along_o the_o coast_n and_o advance_v within_o land_n 30_o or_o 40_o league_n here_o be_v build_v the_o city_n of_o st._n jago_n of_o guatemala_n st._n salvador_n or_o curcatlan_n la_fw-fr trinidad_n or_o conzonate_a st._n michael_n and_o xeres_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr frontera_n or_o chuluteca_n they_o be_v all_o upon_o or_o little_a distant_a from_o the_o sea_n guatemala_n be_v more_o advance_v within_o land_n and_o yet_o the_o principal_a be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o court_n of_o audience_n in_o 1541_o this_o city_n be_v almost_o overwhelm_v by_o a_o deluge_n of_o boil_a water_n which_o descend_v from_o that_o vulcan_n which_o be_v above_o and_o near_o the_o city_n throw_v down_o and_o tumble_v over_o all_o that_o it_o meet_v with_o as_o stones_z tree_n and_o building_n where_o it_o stifle_v many_o people_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o widow_n of_o he_o who_o have_v conquer_v and_o so_o ill_o treat_v that_o province_n the_o city_n be_v rebuilt_a far_o to_o the_o east_n and_o may_v have_v near_o 100_o house_n about_o 1000_o inhabitant_n and_o its_o country_n about_o 25000_o indian_n tributary_n a_o certain_a private_a person_n have_v once_o a_o strange_a fancy_n come_v in_o his_o head_n thereof_o a_o strange_a fancy_n of_o a_o private_a person_n in_o these_o part_n and_o the_o event_n thereof_o that_o there_o be_v a_o very_a rich_a mine_n of_o gold_n in_o this_o vulcan_n of_o guatemala_n and_o that_o he_o need_v but_o to_o find_v some_o way_n to_o put_v down_o a_o cauldron_n and_o draw_v out_o what_o he_o can_v wish_v for_o as_o one_o do_v water_n out_o of_o a_o well_o he_o undertake_v the_o enterprise_n and_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v great_a chain_n of_o iron_n and_o a_o great_a cauldron_n so_o strong_a that_o he_o believe_v the_o fire_n can_v not_o damage_v it_o he_o cause_v a_o way_n to_o be_v make_v to_o carry_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n his_o chain_n caularon_n and_o machines_n which_o be_v to_o serve_v to_o let_v down_o and_o draw_v up_o his_o cauldron_n full_a of_o gold_n which_o he_o believe_v to_o coin_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o mountain_n but_o he_o find_v the_o fire_n so_o violent_a that_o in_o less_o than_o a_o moment_n of_o time_n he_o have_v neither_o chain_n nor_o cauldron_n which_o so_o perplex_v he_o with_o grief_n and_o shame_n to_o see_v his_o own_o folly_n have_v not_o only_o spend_v all_o his_o own_o estate_n but_o the_o best_a part_n of_o his_o friend_n so_o that_o he_o will_v have_v precipitate_v himself_o into_o the_o mountain_n have_v he_o not_o be_v hinder_v but_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o die_v for_o anger_n and_o grief_n trade_n the_o sertility_n of_o this_o province_n withit_v commodity_n and_o trade_n the_o country_n be_v cold_a than_o the_o situation_n may_v bear_v and_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n have_v excellent_a balm_n liquid_a amber_n bezoar_n salt_n grain_n be_v full_a of_o rich_a pasture_n which_o be_v well_o stook_v with_o cattle_n plenty_n of_o cotton_n wool_n excellent_a sulphur_n store_n of_o medicinal_a drug_n and_o abundance_n of_o fruit_n among_o other_o caâ—ao_n in_o such_o great_a plenty_n that_o it_o yearly_o lade_v many_o vessel_n which_o be_v transport_v to_o other_o place_n the_o country_n be_v more_o incline_v to_o mountain_n than_o plain_n but_o well_o water_v with_o rivers_n the_o people_n be_v pusillanimous_a and_o fearful_a inhabitant_n its_o inhabitant_n the_o man_n be_v expert_a at_o the_o bow_n and_o the_o woman_n at_o the_o distaff_n they_o be_v more_o civil_a and_o embrace_v christianity_n more_o than_o their_o neighbour_a country_n do_v and_o be_v willing_a to_o receive_v advice_n from_o the_o spaniard_n who_o be_v their_o master_n describe_v the_o province_n of_o soconusco_n describe_v soconusco_n have_v only_o the_o little_a city_n of_o guevetlan_n on_o the_o coast_n and_o nothing_o of_o particular_a or_o worthy_a to_o be_v note_v in_o it_o only_o it_o have_v some_o grain_n feed_v some_o cattle_n its_o river_n have_v fish_n and_o its_o people_n more_o barbarous_a and_o rude_a describe_v the_o province_n of_o chiapa_n describe_v chiapa_n be_v not_o over_o fertile_a in_o grain_n nor_o fruit_n but_o the_o country_n well_o clothe_v with_o lofty_a tree_n and_o some_o of_o which_o yield_v rozin_n other_o precious_a gum_n and_o other_o bear_v leave_n that_o when_o they_o be_v dry_v into_o powder_n make_v a_o sovereign_a plaster_n for_o sore_n the_o country_n be_v full_a of_o snake_n and_o other_o venomous_a creature_n place_n of_o most_o note_n in_o this_o province_n be_v 1._o crudad-real_a build_v by_o the_o spaniard_n situate_a in_o a_o round_a plain_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o hill_n place_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n and_o begird_v with_o mountain_n resemble_v a_o amphitheatre_n now_o the_o residence_n of_o a_o bishop_n and_o govern_v by_o city-magistrate_n by_o they_o call_v alcaid_n 2._o chiapa_n seat_v in_o the_o fruitfull_a valley_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n 3._o st._n bartholomew_n remarkable_a for_o have_v near_o it_o a_o great_a pit_n or_o open_v of_o the_o earth_n into_o which_o if_o any_o one_o cast_v a_o stone_n though_o never_o so_o small_a it_o make_v a_o noise_n so_o great_a and_o terrible_a as_o a_o clap_n of_o thunder_n 4._o casapualca_n a_o small_a town_n but_o famous_a also_o for_o a_o well_o it_o have_v who_o water_n be_v observe_v to_o rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o the_o flow_a and_o ebb_v of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o bishop_n of_o chiapa_n one_o be_v bartholomew_n de_fw-it las_fw-fr casas_n of_o the_o order_n of_o st._n dominique_n chiapa_n some_o memorable_a action_n of_o bartholomew_n de_fw-fr las_fw-fr casas_n bishop_n
of_o the_o same_o day_n after_o the_o sun_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n before_o the_o sun_n may_v be_v see_v i_o forbear_v to_o bring_v hither_o any_o more_o appearance_n but_o they_o be_v the_o principal_a from_o which_o i_o think_v a_o argument_n of_o great_a moment_n may_v be_v fetch_v for_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n when_o as_o by_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o may_v be_v so_o commodious_o declare_v that_o it_o shall_v rather_o be_v admire_v if_o the_o earth_n can_v not_o be_v move_v by_o such_o evident_a appearance_n these_o be_v the_o easy_a argument_n by_o which_o the_o copernican_n will_v evince_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o although_o they_o be_v not_o demonstrative_a yet_o they_o make_v this_o hypothesis_n more_o probable_a than_o that_o which_o determine_v the_o heaven_n to_o be_v move_v for_o one_o of_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v admit_v ptolomaians_n the_o reason_n of_o â—ome_o against_o the_o move_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o ptolomaians_n but_o these_o reason_n which_o some_o man_n to_o wit_n the_o ptolomaians_n allege_v to_o the_o contrary_a be_v easy_o dissolve_v which_o be_v these_o first_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v unfitting_a for_o motion_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o ponderosity_n second_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v natural_o move_v with_o a_o strait_a motion_n to_o the_o centre_n therefore_o a_o circular_a motion_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n thereof_o three_o if_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v move_v a_o stone_n cast_v down_o from_o a_o tower_n can_v not_o fall_v to_o the_o foot_n thereof_o four_o a_o bullet_n shoot_v out_o of_o a_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n towards_o the_o east_n at_o some_o mark_n it_o can_v not_o come_v home_o to_o it_o or_o hit_v it_o if_o the_o mark_n with_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o east_n or_o at_o least_o the_o hit_v the_o mark_n shall_v be_v more_o swift_a than_o if_o the_o bullet_n be_v shoot_v towards_o the_o east_n five_o neither_o the_o tower_n nor_o building_n can_v stand_v steadfast_a but_o will_v fall_v by_o reason_n of_o that_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n neither_o can_v man_n be_v without_o giidiness_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o whirl_a about_o of_o the_o earth_n six_o because_o we_o see_v that_o the_o star_n change_v their_o place_n but_o not_o the_o earth_n seven_o because_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o move_v eight_o because_o the_o holy_a scripture_n do_v confirm_v the_o stability_n or_o steadfastness_n of_o the_o earth_n copernican_n the_o aforesaid_a reason_n of_o the_o ptolomaians_n answer_v by_o the_o copernican_n yet_o indeed_o the_o copernican_n to_o these_o argument_n use_v to_o answer_v after_o this_o manner_n to_o the_o first_o they_o answer_v deny_v the_o whole_a earth_n to_o be_v heavy_a for_o ponderosity_n be_v a_o tendency_n of_o the_o part_n to_o their_o whole_a homogeneous_a of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o such_o a_o heaviness_n be_v also_o discover_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o neither_o the_o sun_n nor_o moon_n be_v say_v to_o be_v heavy_a to_o the_o second_o they_o answer_v that_o that_o right_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o the_o circular_a motion_n thereof_o do_v not_o hinder_v the_o straight_o carry_v of_o those_o part_n which_o be_v evidence_v by_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n to_o the_o three_o argument_n they_o reply_v in_o a_o threefold_a manner_n first_o that_o such_o heavy_a thing_n be_v not_o primary_o carry_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o be_v bear_v by_o a_o very_a short_a line_n to_o the_o superficies_n thereof_o as_o iron_n tend_v not_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o loadstone_n but_o to_o the_o loadstone_n second_o the_o whole_a air_n cleave_v to_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v move_v together_o with_o she_o therefore_o all_o such_o heavy_a thing_n be_v throw_v together_o downward_o get_v this_o circular_a motion_n and_o be_v move_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o vessel_n and_o three_o therein_o the_o opinion_n of_o gassendus_fw-la therein_o gassendus_fw-la by_o frequent_a experience_n have_v demonstrate_v that_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v cast_v from_o a_o move_a body_n that_o which_o be_v so_o cast_v be_v also_o move_v with_o that_o motion_n of_o the_o move_v body_n as_o for_o example_n a_o stone_n throw_v down_o from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mast_n of_o a_o ship_n move_v most_o swift_o be_v nevertheless_o not_o leave_v by_o the_o ship_n but_o fall_v down_o to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mast_n and_o from_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mast_n a_o bullet_n be_v shoot_v perpendicular_o out_o of_o a_o hand-gun_n fall_v again_o perpendicular_o therefore_o the_o allege_a objection_n be_v nothing_o worth_a to_o the_o four_o reason_n they_o answer_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o unto_o the_o three_o to_o the_o five_o they_o say_v that_o some_o such_o thing_n have_v no_o place_n because_o the_o motion_n be_v equal_a neither_o do_v it_o dash_v against_o another_o body_n and_o the_o building_n as_o it_o be_v heavy_a body_n and_o homogeneous_a or_o of_o like_a to_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v as_o in_o a_o ship_n for_o we_o find_v in_o a_o ship_n move_v very_o swift_o or_o slow_o the_o body_n set_v upright_o therein_o be_v not_o overthrow_v yea_o cup_n and_o pot_n full_a of_o wine_n or_o other_o liquor_n shed_v nothing_o thereof_o at_o all_o to_o the_o six_o we_o say_v that_o the_o change_n of_o the_o star_n place_n be_v not_o perceive_v but_o we_o find_v the_o change_n of_o their_o situation_n in_o respect_n of_o ourselves_o but_o this_o mutation_n of_o position_n may_v be_v observe_v and_o be_v whether_o we_o be_v move_v with_o the_o earth_n or_o the_o star_n be_v move_v we_o be_v steadfast_a or_o also_o both_o we_o and_o the_o star_n in_o the_o seven_o objection_n both_o the_o major_a and_o minor_a proposition_n be_v false_a or_o at_o least_o doubtful_a to_o the_o eight_o they_o reply_v first_o that_o the_o holy_a scripiure_fw-fr in_o physical_a or_o natural_a thing_n do_v speak_v according_a to_o appearance_n and_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o vulgar_a for_o example_n when_o the_o moon_n with_o the_o sun_n be_v call_v a_o great_a light_n because_o it_o be_v create_v to_o give_v light_n to_o the_o night_n moon_n of_o the_o moon_n whenas_o indeed_o the_o moon_n be_v not_o great_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o star_n and_o earth_n neither_o have_v she_o any_o light_n of_o she_o own_o proper_a nature_n nor_o do_v she_o give_v light_a in_o all_o night_n to_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o scripture_n say_v sun_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o the_o sun_n go_v to_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o he_o return_v to_o that_o end_n again_o when_o as_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v no_o such_o end_n or_o furthermost_a part_n so_o in_o the_o book_n of_o job_n a_o plane_n and_o square_a figure_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o earth_n under_o who_o pillar_n be_v set_v upon_o which_o it_o lean_v which_o indeed_o must_v not_o at_o all_o be_v so_o understand_v as_o the_o very_a vulgar_a well_o know_v there_o may_v more_o place_n be_v allege_v hither_o but_o these_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o holy_a scripture_n be_v not_o give_v to_o we_o thereby_o to_o play_v the_o philosopher_n but_o to_o practise_v piety_n second_o certain_a place_n of_o scripture_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v allege_v which_o speak_v not_o concern_v the_o immobility_n thereof_o but_o concern_v its_o constancy_n and_o durance_n as_o that_o place_n which_o we_o have_v bring_v hither_o out_o of_o job_n thus_o have_v we_o brief_o declare_v of_o what_o sort_n the_o motion_n may_v be_v which_o the_o copernican_n ascribe_v to_o the_o earth_n of_o which_o a_o more_o exquisite_a explication_n be_v usual_o give_v in_o astronomy_n but_o that_o be_v suppose_v all_o those_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v consider_v in_o a_o globe_n turn_v round_o about_o globe_n of_o the_o axil_n pole_n periphery_n parallel_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o globe_n to_o wit_n the_o axil_n about_o which_o it_o be_v turn_v be_v one_o of_o the_o diameter_n the_o pole_n be_v the_o extremity_n or_o two_o point_n which_o be_v not_o move_v the_o great_a circle_n or_o periphery_n according_a to_o which_o the_o circumrotation_n or_o wheel_v about_o be_v make_v and_o its_o parallel_n now_o let_v we_o see_v concern_v the_o swiftness_n of_o that_o motion_n the_o first_o motion_n by_o which_o the_o earth_n be_v turn_v round_o about_o his_o axil_n can_v be_v see_v and_o consider_v in_o the_o whole_a earth_n at_o once_o etc._n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n its_o difference_n swiftness_n etc._n etc._n but_o in_o divers_a