parallel_n long_a day_n elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o interval_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr hour_n min._n deg_fw-la min._n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o first_o the_o begin_n middle_a end_n &_o begin_n of_o the_o 2._o 12_o 0_o 0_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 12_o 15_o 4_o 15_o 0_o 1_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 12_o 30_o 8_o 25_o 8_o 25_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 12_o 45_o 12_o 30_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o second_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 13_o 0_o 16_o 25_o 8_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 13_o 15_o 20_o 15_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o three_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 13_o 30_o 23_o 50_o 7_o 25_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 13_o 45_o 27_o 40_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o four_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 14_o 0_o 30_o 20_o 6_o 30_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 14_o 15_o 33_o 40_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o five_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 14_o 30_o 36_o 28_o 6_o 8_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 14_o 45_o 39_o 2_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o six_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 15_o 0_o 41_o 22_o 4_o 52_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 15_o 15_o 43_o 32_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o seven_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 15_o 30_o 45_o 29_o 4_o 7_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 15_o 45_o 47_o 20_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o eighth_z the_o middle_a the_o end_n 16_o 0_o 49_o 1_o 3_o 31_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 16_o 15_o 50_o 33_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o nine_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 16_o 30_o 51_o 58_o 2_o 7_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 16_o 45_o 53_o 17_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o ten_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 17_o 0_o 54_o 27_o 2_o 49_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 17_o 15_o 55_o 34_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o eleven_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 17_o 30_o 56_o 37_o 2_o 10_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 17_o 45_o 57_o 32_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o twelve_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 18_o 0_o 58_o 29_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 18_o 15_o 59_o 14_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o thirteen_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 18_o 30_o 59_o 58_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 18_o 45_o 60_o 40_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o fourteen_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 19_o 0_o 61_o 18_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 19_o 15_o 61_o 55_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o fifteen_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 19_o 30_o 62_o 25_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 19_o 45_o 62_o 54_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o sixteenth_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 20_o 0_o 63_o 22_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 20_o 15_o 64_o 40_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o seventeen_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 20_o 30_o 64_o 6_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 20_o 45_o 64_o 30_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o eighteen_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 21_o 0_o 65_o 49_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 21_o 15_o 65_o 6_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o nineteenth_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 21_o 30_o 65_o 21_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 21_o 45_o 65_o 35_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o twenty_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 22_o 0_o 65_o 47_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 22_o 15_o 66_o 57_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o 21_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 22_o 30_o 66_o 6_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 22_o 45_o 66_o 14_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o 22d_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 23_o 0_o 66_o 20_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 23_o 15_o 66_o 25_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o 23d_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 23_o 30_o 66_o 28_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 23_o 45_o 66_o 30_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o 24_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 24_o 0_o 66_o 31_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o climate_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v extend_v no_o further_o because_o that_o in_o the_o follow_a place_n the_o long_a day_n do_v not_o increase_v by_o hour_n but_o by_o whole_a day_n or_o diurnal_a revolution_n and_o it_o be_v lose_v labour_n to_o compute_v they_o notwithstanding_o the_o follow_a canon_n will_v show_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o long_a day_n increase_v by_o whole_a month_n month_n 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n deg_fw-la min._n deg_fw-la min._n deg_fw-la min._n deg_fw-la min._n deg_fw-la min._n deg_fw-la min._n  _fw-fr 67_o 20_o 69_o 30_o 73_o 20_o 78_o 20_o 84_o 0_o 90_o 0_o proposition_n fourteen_o to_o explain_v the_o method_n of_o other_o geographer_n in_o reckon_n of_o the_o climate_n and_o make_v the_o table_n of_o the_o climate_n geographer_n the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o climate_n by_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n the_o ancient_a geographer_n especial_o the_o grecian_n who_o suppose_v only_o a_o small_a portion_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v inhabit_v because_o that_o as_o well_o the_o place_n northern_o as_o those_o of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n they_o deny_v as_o impossible_a to_o be_v inhabit_v therefore_o they_o divide_v only_o that_o portion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o they_o know_v into_o climate_n and_o so_o only_o number_v seven_o climate_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n arctic_a and_o name_v they_o from_o some_o note_a place_n through_o which_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o climate_n pass_v viz._n the_o first_o climate_n they_o call_v the_o climate_n through_o meroe_n which_o be_v a_o island_n and_o city_n in_o africa_n encompass_v by_o the_o nile_n the_o second_o through_o syene_n a_o city_n of_o egypt_n the_o three_o through_o alexandria_n in_o egypt_n the_o four_o through_o the_o island_n of_o rhodes_n the_o five_o through_o the_o hellespont_n other_o through_o rome_n the_o six_o through_o borysthenes_n a_o famous_a river_n of_o the_o european_a sarmatia_n the_o seven_o through_o the_o riphaean_a mountain_n of_o sarmatia_n the_o ancient_n number_v not_o the_o other_o climate_n from_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o south_n because_o all_o those_o place_n be_v unknown_a to_o they_o and_o many_o thought_n that_o the_o sea_n possess_v all_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o see_v it_o seem_v somewhat_o improbable_a to_o the_o latter_a these_o also_o number_v the_o climate_n from_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o they_o name_v they_o not_o from_o any_o note_a place_n for_o they_o have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o any_o but_o by_o the_o same_o appellation_n with_o those_o of_o the_o northern_a only_o prepose_v the_o preposition_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o the_o climate_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o if_o you_o shall_v say_v the_o climate_n opposite_a to_o the_o climate_n through_o meroe_n or_o syene_n etc._n etc._n ancient_n other_o climate_n add_v by_o the_o ancient_n but_o when_o through_o progress_n of_o time_n they_o discover_v many_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n lie_v towards_o the_o south_n pole_n to_o be_v inhabit_v many_o more_o climate_n be_v number_v and_o constitute_v some_o name_v the_o eight_o clime_n from_o the_o palus_n maeotis_n the_o nine_o from_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o ten_o the_o eleven_o and_o the_o rest_n from_o other_o place_n which_o denomination_n although_o not_o necessary_a for_o the_o construction_n of_o a_o table_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v add_v unto_o our_o table_n in_o those_o areae_fw-la where_o we_o have_v place_v the_o number_n of_o the_o climate_n for_o so_o the_o climate_n will_v stick_v close_o in_o our_o memory_n as_o also_o the_o place_n in_o every_o climate_n and_o we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o better_a comparison_n between_o the_o difference_n of_o cold_a and_o heat_n but_o this_o be_v better_a to_o leave_v to_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o reader_n and_o to_o those_o that_o be_v studious_a than_o to_o add_v it_o to_o it_o that_o so_o we_o may_v afford_v they_o a_o great_a occasion_n of_o contemplate_v the_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n may_v more_o easy_o commit_v they_o to_o memory_n climate_n where_o the_o ancient_n begin_v the_o climate_n you_o must_v also_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o ancient_n do_v not_o begin_v the_o numeration_n of_o the_o climate_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la itself_o as_o our_o table_n do_v but_o from_o the_o place_n or_o parallel_n where_o the_o long_a day_n consist_v of_o 12¾_n hour_n and_o therefore_o their_o first_o climate_n be_v the_o second_o in_o our_o table_n their_o second_o our_o three_o and_o so_o on_o for_o they_o suppose_v those_o place_n which_o we_o ascribe_v to_o the_o first_o climate_n can_v not_o possible_o be_v inhabit_v by_o man_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o excessive_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n latitude_n the_o first_o climate_n of_o 9_o degree_n of_o latitude_n that_o therefore_o they_o judge_v it_o not_o meet_v to_o reckon_v those_o place_n but_o see_v that_o experience_n have_v demonstrate_v the_o contrary_a we_o will_v observe_v their_o mode_n of_o name_v and_o constitute_v of_o those_o climate_n ptolemy_n begin_v the_o first_o climate_n from_o the_o parallel_n where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v 12¼_n hour_n or_o where_o the_o latitude_n or_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v four_o degree_n 15_o minute_n the_o matter_n be_v of_o no_o
these_o be_v the_o three_o sort_n of_o property_n to_o be_v declare_v in_o special_a geography_n although_o those_o terrestrial_a property_n which_o make_v up_o the_o three_o rank_n be_v not_o so_o right_o refer_v to_o geography_n but_o we_o must_v yield_v somewhat_o to_o custom_n and_o the_o profit_n of_o learner_n we_o will_v beside_o these_o join_v many_o chapter_n to_o particular_a geography_n concern_v the_o practice_n of_o geography_n but_o in_o general_n geography_n which_o we_o will_v unfold_v in_o this_o book_n first_o the_o absolute_a property_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o constitution_n be_v consider_v last_o in_o the_o comparative_a part_n those_o thing_n shall_v be_v propose_v which_o be_v offer_v unto_o we_o in_o the_o compare_v one_o place_n with_o another_o the_o principle_n of_o geography_n the_o principle_n which_o geography_n use_v for_o the_o confirm_v the_o truth_n of_o her_o proposition_n be_v threefold_a 1._o geometrical_a arithmetical_a and_o trigonometrical_a proposition_n 2._o astronomical_a precept_n and_o theorem_n although_o it_o may_v seem_v like_o a_o miracle_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o we_o dwell_v to_o use_v the_o celestial_a body_n which_o be_v so_o many_o thousand_o mile_n remote_a from_o we_o 3._o experience_n for_o indeed_o the_o great_a part_n of_o geography_n especial_o that_o which_o be_v particular_a be_v uphold_v by_o the_o only_a experience_n and_o observation_n of_o man_n who_o have_v describe_v every_o country_n the_o order_n of_o geography_n concern_v the_o order_n which_o i_o esteem_v sit_v to_o observe_v in_o this_o art_n of_o geography_n it_o have_v be_v already_o speak_v in_o the_o division_n and_o explication_n of_o the_o property_n thereof_o yet_o here_o meet_v we_o a_o certain_a difficulty_n concern_v the_o order_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o explication_n of_o these_o property_n forsooth_o whether_o to_o all_o country_n their_o own_o property_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v or_o whether_o the_o country_n themselves_o be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o property_n general_o explicate_v aristotle_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o history_n of_o live_v creature_n as_o also_o in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o the_o part_n of_o live_a creature_n move_v the_o like_a doubt_n and_o dispute_v it_o at_o large_a whether_o according_a to_o the_o single_a â—orts_n of_o live_a creature_n their_o property_n be_v single_o to_o be_v reckon_v up_o or_o else_o whether_o these_o property_n be_v general_o to_o be_v declare_v and_o the_o live_a creature_n in_o which_o the_o may_v be_v find_v be_v then_o to_o be_v subjoin_v the_o like_a difficulty_n occur_v also_o in_o other_o part_n of_o philosophy_n we_o in_o general_n geography_n have_v general_o unfold_v some_o property_n which_o in_o special_a geography_n we_o will_v apply_v to_o the_o application_n of_o single_a country_n the_o method_n of_o geography_n as_o touch_v the_o method_n and_o manner_n of_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o geographical_a tenant_n very_o many_o be_v prove_v in_o general_a geography_n by_o demonstration_n proper_o so_o call_v especial_o celestial_a property_n but_o in_o special_a geography_n the_o celestial_a property_n only_o except_v which_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v be_v in_o a_o manner_n declare_v without_o demonstration_n because_o experience_n and_o observation_n do_v confirm_v they_o neither_o can_v they_o be_v prove_v by_o any_o other_o mean_n also_o very_a many_o proposition_n be_v prove_v or_o rather_o demonstrate_v by_o the_o terrestrial_a artificial_a globe_n and_o also_o by_o geographical_a map_n and_o some_o of_o these_o proposition_n which_o be_v thus_o explain_v upon_o the_o globe_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v confirm_v by_o lawful_a demonstration_n again_o some_o proposition_n can_v in_o no_o wise_n be_v so_o prove_v but_o be_v therefore_o receive_v because_o we_o suppose_v that_o all_o place_n in_o the_o globe_n and_o map_n be_v so_o dispose_v even_o as_o they_o lie_v on_o the_o earth_n yet_o in_o these_o thing_n we_o will_v rather_o follow_v the_o description_n make_v by_o author_n of_o geography_n the_o globe_n and_o map_n serve_v for_o the_o clear_n and_o more_o easy_a comprehension_n thereof_o the_o original_a of_o geography_n the_o original_a of_o geography_n be_v not_o new_a nor_o bring_v into_o the_o world_n at_o one_o birth_n neither_o come_v she_o to_o we_o from_o one_o man_n but_o her_o principle_n and_o foundation_n be_v lay_v long_o ago_o yea_o many_o age_n since_o although_o ancient_a geographer_n be_v employ_v only_o in_o describe_v country_n which_o be_v the_o part_n of_o chorography_n and_o topography_n the_o roman_n be_v accustom_v when_o any_o country_n by_o they_o be_v subdue_v to_o show_v in_o their_o triumph_n the_o chorography_n thereof_o lively_o pencil_v and_o draw_v on_o a_o table_n and_o flourish_v with_o picture_n to_o the_o beholder_n there_o be_v beside_o at_o rome_n in_o lucullus_n his_o porch_n many_o table_n of_o geography_n expose_v to_o the_o view_n of_o all_o man_n the_o senate_n of_o rome_n about_o a_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n birth_n send_v surveyor_n and_o geographer_n into_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o world_n that_o they_o may_v measure_v out_o the_o earth_n but_o they_o come_v far_o short_a thereof_o neco_n king_n of_o the_o egyptian_n many_o age_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n command_v that_o the_o whole_a outer-side_n of_o africa_n shall_v be_v discover_v by_o the_o phoenician_n in_o three_o year_n space_n king_n darius_n command_v that_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n indus_n and_o the_o ethiopian_a eastern-sea_n shall_v be_v search_v out_o alexander_n the_o great_a in_o his_o voyage_n to_o asia_n take_v with_o he_o diognetus_n and_o beton_n as_o pliny_n note_v two_o surveyor_n and_o describer_n of_o his_o journey_n out_o of_o who_o annotation_n and_o journal_o geographer_n of_o succeed_a age_n take_v many_o thing_n imperfect_a ancient_a geography_n very_o imperfect_a but_o the_o geography_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v very_o lame_a and_o imperfect_a for_o first_o they_o know_v not_o america_n in_o the_o least_o 2._o the_o northern-land_n 3._o the_o south-land_n and_o magellan_n be_v utter_o unknown_a to_o they_o 4._o they_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v sail_v about_o or_o the_o main_a ocean_n with_o a_o continual_a trace_n do_v encompass_v it_o but_o yet_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n be_v of_o that_o opinion_n yet_o i_o utter_o deny_v they_o know_v it_o certain_o 5._o they_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v habitable_a 6._o they_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o true_a dimension_n of_o the_o earth_n although_o they_o write_v many_o thing_n in_o this_o business_n the_o excellency_n of_o geography_n first_o the_o study_n of_o geography_n be_v commend_v to_o we_o by_o the_o great_a worthiness_n thereof_o because_o it_o most_o of_o all_o become_v man_n be_v a_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o endue_v with_o reason_n above_o all_o live_a creature_n second_o it_o be_v also_o a_o pleasant_a thing_n and_o indeed_o a_o honest_a recreation_n to_o contemplate_v the_o kingdom_n and_o property_n of_o the_o earth_n three_o the_o commodity_n and_o necessity_n of_o it_o be_v notable_a insomuch_o as_o neither_o divine_n physician_n lawyer_n historian_n nor_o other_o professor_n can_v want_v the_o knowledge_n thereof_o but_o the_o excellency_n of_o geography_n have_v be_v sufficient_o handle_v i_o place_v hereunder_o a_o table_n which_o open_v the_o order_n in_o special_a geography_n to_o the_o observe_v the_o explication_n of_o single_a country_n special_a geography_n consider_v in_o every_o region_n ten_o terrestrial_a 1._o limit_n and_o circumscription_n 2._o longitude_n of_o place_n and_o situation_n 3._o figure_n 4._o magnitude_n 5._o mountain_n the_o appellation_n situation_n and_o altitude_n their_o property_n and_o thing_n contain_v in_o they_o 6._o mine_n 7._o wood_n and_o desert_n 8._o water_n the_o sea_n lakes_n marsh_n river_n their_o spring_n inlet_n tract_n and_o latitude_n the_o quantity_n of_o water_n the_o celerity_n the_o quantity_n the_o cataract_n 9_o fertility_n sterility_n and_o fruit_n 10._o the_o animal_n eight_o celestial_a 1._o the_o distance_n of_o place_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o pole_n 2._o the_o obliquity_n of_o motion_n above_o the_o horizon_n 3._o the_o quantity_n of_o day_n 4._o the_o clime_n and_o zone_n 5._o the_o heat_n the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o wind_n rain_n and_o other_o meteor_n 6._o the_o rise_n and_o stay_v of_o the_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n 7._o the_o star_n pass_v through_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n 8._o the_o celerity_n or_o quantity_n of_o their_o motion_n according_a to_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o copernicus_n ten_o human_a thing_n 1._o the_o stature_n life_n meat_n and_o drink_n and_o the_o original_a of_o the_o inhabitant_n 2._o the_o income_n art_n merchandise_n or_o traffic_n 3._o virtue_n and_o vice_n the_o genius_n and_o erudition_n 4._o
those_o under_o the_o seven_o which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o moon_n pass_v through_o germany_n the_o low_a country_n and_o england_n which_o say_v planet_n have_v their_o operation_n or_o influence_n on_o the_o inhabitant_n dwell_v under_o each_o of_o the_o say_a clime_n so_o that_o although_o the_o glorious_a and_o eternal_a luminary_n of_o heaven_n have_v a_o efficacious_a operation_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v a_o far_o great_a prevalency_n see_v that_o through_o the_o various_a situation_n of_o hill_n and_o valley_n we_o experimental_o find_v more_o great_a and_o different_a effect_n of_o the_o celestial_a ray_n which_o be_v also_o contemporate_v by_o the_o river_n and_o lake_n this_o can_v be_v deny_v by_o no_o man_n that_o nature_n be_v admirable_a in_o her_o work_n sometime_o as_o it_o be_v on_o set_v purpose_n delude_v the_o curiosity_n of_o humane_a wisdom_n by_o recede_v from_o the_o ordinary_a law_n of_o cause_n who_o can_v render_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n of_o that_o which_o be_v testify_v by_o mariner_n concern_v the_o region_n of_o maliapur_n in_o which_o be_v seat_v calicut_n a_o exceed_o high_a mountain_n top_v the_o cloud_n divide_v this_o province_n throughout_o and_o end_v in_o a_o promontory_n which_o be_v now_o call_v comorium_n which_o although_o it_o have_v the_o same_o altitude_n of_o the_o pole_n yet_o when_o the_o winter_n rage_v and_o the_o water_n swell_v on_o the_o one_o side_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o field_n and_o town_n be_v scorch_a with_o excessive_a heat_n and_o the_o sea_n calm_a wherefore_o this_o diversity_n which_o be_v discover_v in_o the_o climate_n the_o situation_n of_o province_n contemporation_n of_o the_o air_n and_o element_n do_v various_o discriminate_a the_o constitution_n of_o man_n and_o those_o constitution_n their_o nature_n for_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o mind_n follow_v the_o temperament_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o body_n the_o septentrional_a or_o northern_a people_n be_v remote_a from_o the_o sun_n and_o by_o consequence_n inhabit_v in_o cold_a country_n be_v sanguine_a robu_v full_a of_o valour_n and_o animosity_n hence_o they_o have_v always_o be_v victorious_a and_o predominant_a over_o the_o meridional_a or_o southern_a nation_n as_o the_o assyrian_n over_o the_o chaldean_n the_o mede_n over_o the_o assyrian_n the_o parthian_n over_o the_o grecian_n the_o turk_n over_o the_o arabian_n the_o goths_z over_o the_o german_n the_o romans_z over_o the_o african_n and_o the_o english_a over_o the_o french_z they_o love_v freedom_n and_o liberty_n as_o those_o also_o do_v which_o be_v mountaineer_n as_o the_o helvetian_o grison_n and_o cantabrians_n the_o nation_n proximate_v to_o the_o sun_n have_v their_o blood_n whole_o exsiccate_v by_o immoderate_a heat_n hence_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o place_n be_v melancholy_a and_o profound_a in_o the_o penetrate_a of_o the_o secret_n of_o nature_n for_o all_o the_o northern_a nation_n receive_v the_o mystery_n of_o the_o science_n from_o the_o egyptian_n and_o arabian_n the_o province_n which_o be_v immediate_o between_o both_o torrid_a zone_n enjoy_v a_o a_o benign_a heaven_n so_o that_o they_o flourish_n in_o religion_n justice_n and_o prudence_n the_o mutation_n of_o government_n the_o transmigration_n and_o emission_n of_o colony_n converse_n matrimony_n war_n and_o peace_n also_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o celestial_a sphere_n which_o drive_v from_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o zodiac_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n the_o heavenly_a image_n on_o these_o inferior_a body_n do_v change_n and_o alter_v the_o habit_n manner_n and_o also_o nature_n itself_o if_o we_o have_v recourse_n unto_o history_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o german_n note_v of_o old_a for_o lofty_a mind_n and_o the_o italian_n on_o the_o contrary_a too_o abject_a and_o low_a which_o difference_n now_o can_v be_v discern_v nation_n have_v sway_v and_o be_v predominate_a by_o turn_n and_o as_o long_o as_o the_o monarchy_n have_v have_v duration_n among_o they_o virtue_n have_v flourish_v art_n and_o arm_n have_v go_v hand_n in_o hand_n which_o afterward_o with_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v be_v smother_v in_o its_o ash_n and_o receive_v vivification_n in_o another_o place_n yet_o notwithstanding_o these_o obstacle_n every_o nation_n have_v certain_a propension_n and_o fix_a affection_n appropriate_v to_o every_o one_o which_o will_v adhere_v to_o foreigner_n if_o that_o they_o long_o remain_v among_o they_o the_o intelligent_a reader_n who_o desire_v a_o knowledge_n in_o these_o and_o other_o particular_n with_o a_o throughout_o prospect_n of_o the_o utility_n of_o cosmography_n and_o geography_n may_v consult_v the_o work_n itself_o richard_z blome_n the_o content_n of_o the_o section_n and_o chapter_n general_z geography_n which_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o iii_o part_n 1._o the_o absolute_a part_n divide_v into_o five_o section_n the_o first_o section_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v foreknow_v chap._n 1._o of_o the_o precognita_n pag._n 1_o ch._n 2._o thing_n necessary_a to_o geometry_n and_o trigonometry_n p._n 6_o the_o second_o section_n explain_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n chap._n 3._o of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n p._n 11_o chap._n 4._o of_o the_o dimension_n and_o magnitude_n of_o the_o same_o 15_o chap._n 5._o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o same_o p._n 23_o chap._n 6._o of_o its_o place_n in_o the_o system_fw-la of_o the_o world_n p._n 27_o chap._n 7._o of_o its_o substance_n and_o constitution_n p._n 30_o the_o three_o section_n in_o which_o the_o constitution_n and_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v explain_v chap._n 8._o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o water_n p._n 35_o chap._n 9_o of_o mountain_n in_o general_a p._n 40_o chap._n 10._o of_o the_o difference_n of_o mountain_n p._n 46_o chap._n 11._o of_o wood_n desert_n and_o mine_n p._n 54_o the_o four_o section_n of_o hydrography_n in_o which_o the_o water_n and_o their_o property_n be_v explain_v chap._n 12._o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o ocean_n throughout_o the_o earth_n p._n 57_o chap._n 13._o of_o the_o ocean_n and_o its_o part_n p._n 65_o chap._n 14._o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n especial_o of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n p._n 83_o chap._n 15._o of_o lake_n pool_n and_o marsh_n p._n 102_o chap._n 16._o of_o river_n p._n 108_o chap._n 17._o of_o mineral_n water_n bath_n spaw_n etc._n etc._n p._n 130_o chap._n 18._o of_o the_o mutation_n of_o dry_a place_n into_o watery_a and_o the_o contrary_a p._n 142_o the_o five_o section_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o wind_n chap._n 19_o of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o air_n p._n 154_o chap._n 20._o of_o the_o wind_n in_o general_a p._n 179_o chap._n 21._o of_o the_o difference_n of_o wind_n and_o of_o they_o in_o particular_a p._n 187_o 2._o the_o respective_a part_n explain_v the_o celestial_a affection_n chap._n 22._o of_o the_o celestial_a affection_n in_o general_a p._n 2â—3_n ch._n 23._o of_o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n and_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n p._n 207_o chap._n 24._o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o zone_n p._n 213_o chap._n 25._o of_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o day_n and_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o climate_n p._n 220_o chap._n 26._o of_o the_o light_n heatt_z cold_a rains_n with_o other_o property_n of_o the_o zone_n according_a to_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n p._n 231_o chap._n 27._o of_o shadow_n and_o the_o division_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o shadow_n p._n 259_o chap._n 28._o of_o the_o comparation_n of_o the_o celestial_a affection_n in_o divers_a place_n where_o be_v treat_v concern_v the_o antoeci_n perioeci_n and_o antipode_n p._n 269_o chap._n 29._o of_o the_o diversity_n of_o time_n in_o divers_a place_n p._n 275_o chap._n 30._o of_o the_o divers_a rise_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n and_o of_o the_o other_o appearance_n p._n 280_o 3._o the_o comparative_a part_n consider_v the_o affection_n which_o do_v arise_v from_o the_o compare_v of_o one_o place_n to_o another_o chap._n 31._o of_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n p._n 291_o chap._n 32._o of_o the_o situation_n of_o place_n one_o to_o another_o p._n 309_o chap._n 33._o of_o the_o mutual_a distance_n of_o place_n p._n 335_o chap._n 34._o of_o the_o visible_a horizon_n p._n 342_o chap._n 35._o of_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n in_o general_n and_o of_o the_o building_n of_o ship_n p._n 344_o chap._n 36._o of_o the_o lade_n or_o ballace_v of_o ship_n p._n 345_o chap._n 37._o of_o the_o directory_n of_o the_o nautick_a art_n in_o the_o first_o part_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o distance_n p._n 347_o chap._n 38._o thâ—â—â—â—ond_a part_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o quarter_n p._n 348_o chap._n 39_o the_o three_o part_n of_o histiodromia_n or_o the_o course_n of_o a_o ship_n p._n 353_o chap._n 40._o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o
aforesaid_a snellius_n make_v a_o hollandish_a mile_n to_o consist_v of_o 1500_o rhindlandish_a perch_n every_o perch_n be_v twelve_o foot_n long_o or_o to_o consist_v of_o 18000_o rhindlandish_a foot_n foot_n measure_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o division_n of_o a_o foot_n and_o these_o two_o measure_n to_o wit_n the_o perch_n and_o mile_n arise_v from_o the_o multiplication_n and_o aggregation_n of_o foot_n but_o the_o measure_n that_o arise_v from_o the_o division_n of_o a_o foot_n be_v a_o digit_fw-la or_o finger_n a_o palm_n or_o hand_n breadth_n and_o a_o grain_n a_o digit_fw-la be_v the_o twelve_o part_n of_o a_o foot_n a_o palm_n contain_v four_o digit_n and_o a_o grain_n be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o digit_fw-la but_o these_o be_v seldom_o use_v it_o be_v better_a to_o divide_v a_o foot_n into_o ten_o digit_n and_o then_o a_o digit_fw-la into_o ten_o grain_n and_o these_o measure_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o use_n of_o geography_n but_o there_o be_v other_o measure_n hereunto_o to_o be_v add_v which_o i_o have_v note_v in_o the_o scheme_n to_o wit_n those_o of_o the_o ancient_n as_o egyptian_n greek_n roman_n persian_n etc._n etc._n also_o thosr_n of_o late_a time_n as_o of_o the_o turk_n polander_n german_n moscovian_o italian_n spaniard_n french_a english_a etc._n etc._n the_o grecian_a stadium_n or_o furlong_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v 600_o greek_a foot_n which_o make_v 625_o roman_n or_o rhindlandinsh_fw-mi foot_n a_o german_a mile_n of_o which_o geographer_n allow_v fifteen_o to_o one_o degree_n contain_v 14000_o â—_o 19_o foot_n it_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v 4000_o pace_n that_o be_v 32_o stadia_n or_o furlong_n it_o be_v proportion_n to_o the_o rhindlandish_a mile_n be_v as_o 15_o to_o 19_o the_o italian_a or_o roman_a mile_n be_v a_o thousand_o pace_n or_o eight_o stadium_n a_o geometrical_a pace_n contain_v five_o foot_n a_o fathom_n be_v six_o foot_n which_o be_v report_v by_o some_o to_o have_v be_v the_o grecian_a pace_n a_o cubit_n be_v a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a parasange_n that_o be_v the_o persian_a mile_n be_v esteem_v to_o have_v contain_v 30_o stadium_n but_o it_o contain_v 3000_o persian_a pace_n schaenus_n the_o egyptian_a measure_n contain_v according_a to_o herodotus_n sixty_o stadium_n and_o according_a to_o pliny_n forty_o but_o peradventure_o the_o size_n thereof_o be_v divers_a according_a to_o the_o different_a place_n wherein_o it_o be_v use_v also_o either_o herodotus_n stadium_n differ_v from_o plinys_n or_o else_o their_o book_n be_v faulty_a the_o french_a league_n hold_v proportion_n to_o the_o rhindlandlish_n mile_n as_o 25_o to_o 19_o or_o else_o as_o 60_o to_o 19_o the_o spanish_a league_n hold_v proportion_n to_o the_o rhindlandish_a mile_n as_o 17_o ½_n to_o 19_o but_o because_o in_o divers_a place_n both_o of_o france_n and_o spain_n a_o different_a greatness_n of_o a_o league_n be_v observe_v therefore_o these_o thing_n be_v not_o altogether_o certain_a the_o english_a mile_n hold_v proportion_n to_o the_o rhindlandish_a mile_n as_o 55_o to_o 19_o or_o else_o as_o 16_o to_o 19_o but_o the_o english_a have_v three_o sort_n of_o miles_n to_o wit_n the_o great_a of_o which_o 27_o ½_n be_v equal_a to_o a_o degree_n the_o mean_a of_o which_o 50_o make_v a_o degree_n and_o the_o least_o of_o which_o 60_o or_o 55_o mile_n make_v a_o degree_n the_o danish_a or_o swedish_n miles_n hold_v proportion_n to_o the_o rhindlandish_a mile_n as_o 10_o to_o 19_o but_o in_o some_o place_n the_o dane_n and_o swede_n use_v the_o geâ—man_n mile_n the_o russian_a mile_n hold_v proportion_n with_o the_o rhindlandish_a mile_n as_o 80_o to_o 19_o the_o turkish_a mile_n or_o league_n be_v think_v to_o be_v equal_a with_o the_o italian_a mile_n insomuch_o that_o 60_o of_o they_o make_v a_o degree_n the_o arabian_a league_n former_o be_v the_o twenty_o part_n of_o a_o degree_n so_o that_o twenty_o five_o arabian_a league_n do_v equalise_v one_o degree_n or_o nineteeâ—â—_n hollandish_a miles_n but_o yet_o the_o arabian_n do_v also_o use_v another_o measure_n fifty_o five_o of_o which_o say_v to_o be_v a_o degree_n a_o hundred_o indian_a mile_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v equal_a to_o a_o degree_n although_o the_o indian_n common_o describe_v their_o distance_n by_o the_o journey_n of_o day_n and_o hour_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cambain_n and_o guzâ—â—ratta_n use_v a_o certain_a measure_n which_o they_o call_v cosa_n thirty_o of_o which_o make_v a_o degree_n those_o of_o the_o country_n sinae_n or_o china_n observe_v three_o journey-measure_n which_o they_o call_v li_n pu_o and_o vchan_n li_n be_v the_o space_n from_o whence_o the_o voice_n of_o a_o man_n cry_v aloud_o may_v be_v hear_v in_o a_o plain_a and_o in_o a_o calm_a air_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v three_o hundred_o geometrical_a pace_n pu_o contain_v li_z ten_o time_n so_o that_o twenty_o pu_n make_v a_o degree_n and_o ten_o pu_n make_v a_o vchan_n which_o they_o determine_v one_o day_n journey_n which_o be_v 30000_o pace_n the_o square_a rhinlandish_a mile_n consist_v of_o square_a foot_n the_o cubick_a rhindlandish_a mile_n consist_v of_o cubick_a foot_n but_o the_o account_n of_o a_o square_a rhinlandish_a mile_n arise_v from_o multiply_v the_o same_o mile_n into_o itself_o and_o the_o cubick_a mile_n be_v complete_a if_o the_o square_a mile_n be_v multiply_v by_o a_o simple_a mile_n the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v as_o touch_v square_a and_o cubick_a foot_n of_o absolute_a geography_n sect_n ii_o contain_v the_o general_n and_o absolute_a property_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n in_o five_o chapter_n chap._n iii_o concern_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n earth_n thing_n to_o be_v observe_v concern_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n figure_n be_v first_o the_o principal_a of_o all_o property_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o only_o in_o nobleness_n but_o also_o excel_v the_o rest_n in_o the_o profit_n and_o necessity_n thereof_o forasmuch_o as_o without_o it_o nothing_o can_v be_v full_o and_o solid_o demonstrate_v or_o know_v in_o geography_n and_o all_o thing_n therein_o follow_v do_v in_o a_o manner_n depend_v and_o proceed_v from_o she_o alone_o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o our_o discourse_n be_v to_o be_v begin_v at_o she_o but_o there_o have_v be_v divers_a opinion_n concern_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o indeed_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n that_o be_v man_n endue_v with_o no_o knowledge_n in_o geography_n do_v think_v that_o the_o earth_n extend_v itself_o in_o a_o vast_a and_o broad_a plain_n who_o boundary_a be_v a_o circular_a line_n but_o that_o the_o hill_n and_o valley_n meet_v and_o stop_v it_o lactantius_n and_o other_o father_n be_v of_o this_o opinion_n earth_n lactantius_n his_o opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o earnest_o defend_v and_o maintain_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v extend_v downward_o with_o infinite_a root_n and_o in_o that_o manner_n to_o have_v its_o foundation_n this_o they_o think_v be_v move_v thereto_o by_o certain_a place_n of_o holy_a scripture_n earth_n see_v lactantius_n in_o his_o 3d_o book_n chap._n 24._o and_o augustine_n in_o his_o 16_o book_n de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la chap._n 9_o the_o opinion_n of_o francis_n patric_n anaximander_n leucippus_n and_o other_o concern_v the_o earth_n either_o misinterpret_v or_o wrong_v understand_v this_o opinion_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n heraclitus_n although_o some_o man_n write_v that_o he_o attribute_v to_o the_o earth_n the_o shape_n of_o a_o boat_n or_o make_v hollow_a in_o the_o bottom_n furthermore_o of_o these_o of_o latter_a day_n francis_n patric_n no_o base_a philosopher_n do_v stiff_o maintain_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v extend_v on_o a_o plain_a foot_n peucer_n write_v that_o anaximander_n judge_v the_o form_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v like_o a_o rowling-pin_n but_o that_o be_v not_o likely_a see_v that_o he_o both_o assay_v the_o dimension_n or_o measure_v the_o earth_n and_o be_v skilful_a enough_o in_o astronomy_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o that_o age_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o at_o lacedaemon_n sit_v up_o and_o make_v heliotrope_n or_o sun-dial_n in_o which_o the_o top_n of_o the_o finger_n or_o stile_n of_o the_o dial_n with_o its_o shadow_n do_v mark_v out_o and_o show_v the_o day_n of_o the_o equinox_n and_o solstice_n 13._o see_v aristotle_n in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la ch_n 13._o leucippus_n be_v record_v to_o have_v think_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v shape_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o drum_n and_o there_o be_v other_o man_n which_o dare_v ascribe_v i_o know_v not_o what_o fond_a opinion_n to_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n but_o the_o true_a opinion_n maintain_v by_o almost_o all_o philosopher_n that_o be_v mathematician_n be_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o like_o a_o globe_n or_o sphere_n but_o the_o argument_n which_o
place_n it_o be_v also_o different_a to_o wit_n how_o much_o the_o near_o the_o place_n be_v to_o the_o equator_fw-la with_o so_o much_o the_o great_a swiftness_n and_o space_n it_o be_v move_v but_o the_o great_a motion_n be_v in_o the_o place_n that_o lie_v in_o the_o equator_fw-la for_o indeed_o because_o every_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n be_v roll_v about_o by_o the_o space_n of_o a_o whole_a periphery_n to_o wit_n by_o 360_o degree_n therefore_o the_o space_n of_o one_o hour_n be_v find_v if_o 360_o be_v divide_v by_o 24_o the_o quotient_n be_v fifteen_o which_o be_v so_o many_o degree_n these_o be_v the_o degree_n by_o which_o the_o place_n lie_v in_o the_o equator_fw-la or_o without_o it_o be_v turn_v about_o in_o one_o hour_n but_o they_o make_v if_o the_o place_n lie_v in_o the_o equator_fw-la two_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o german_a mile_n whence_o she_o will_v be_v turn_v in_o four_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n through_o one_o degree_n that_o be_v fifteen_o mile_n but_o the_o place_n lie_v without_o the_o equator_fw-la towards_o either_o of_o the_o pole_n be_v in_o the_o space_n of_o the_o same_o hour_n wheel_v about_o by_o so_o many_o degree_n but_o such_o as_o be_v much_o less_o forsooth_o the_o reason_n be_v the_o same_o between_o the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o motion_n and_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o place_n as_o be_v between_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o arch_n by_o which_o those_o place_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o pole_n for_o example_n the_o distance_n of_o amsterdam_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la pole_n the_o distance_n of_o amsterdam_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la or_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v 52_o degree_n 23_o minute_n so_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o pole_n be_v 37_o degree_n 37_o minute_n who_o sign_n be_v 61037._o let_v we_o take_v one_o place_n to_o be_v in_o the_o equator_fw-la who_o distance_n from_o the_o pole_n be_v 90_o degree_n his_o sign_n be_v 100000._o but_o the_o place_n under_o the_o equator_fw-la in_o four_o minute_n be_v carry_v through_o 15_o mile_n and_o in_o a_o hour_n be_v carry_v through_o 225_o mile_n wherefore_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o as_o 100000_o be_v to_o 61037_o so_o fifteen_o to_o nine_o mile_n or_o as_o 225_o to_o 135_o mile_n therefore_o amsterdam_n every_o hour_n by_o this_o motion_n be_v carry_v through_o 135_o mile_n but_o the_o discovery_n of_o this_o be_v much_o easy_a by_o the_o table_n which_o we_o have_v set_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o forego_n chapter_n for_o the_o division_n of_o 360_o degree_n be_v make_v by_o twenty_o four_o hour_n we_o find_v that_o any_o place_n every_o hour_n be_v move_v through_o fifteen_o degree_n of_o his_o own_o circle_n and_o therefore_o that_o it_o be_v move_v through_o one_o degree_n in_o four_o minute_n if_o we_o therefore_o enter_v that_o table_n with_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o distance_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la of_o that_o place_n propose_v we_o shall_v find_v the_o mile_n set_v down_o at_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o give_v elevation_n which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o place_n propose_v in_o the_o space_n of_o four_o minute_n for_o example_n at_o stockholme_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v about_o 60_o degree_n stockholme_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n at_o stockholme_n and_o in_o the_o table_n at_o the_o degree_n 60_o i_o find_v seven_o mile_n to_o answer_v with_o one_o degree_n therefore_o i_o say_v that_o stockholme_n be_v move_v about_o in_o four_o minute_n by_o so_o many_o mile_n periphery_n the_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n which_o be_v move_v with_o a_o equal_a swiftness_n and_o by_o equal_a periphery_n so_o great_a be_v the_o first_o motion_n consider_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o second_o motion_n be_v of_o the_o whole_a earth_n from_o place_n to_o place_n and_o all_o the_o part_n or_o place_n thereof_o be_v move_v with_o a_o equal_a swiftness_n and_o by_o equal_a periphery_n the_o quantity_n hereof_o depend_v of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o sun_n and_o be_v perform_v in_o a_o whole_a year_n space_n and_o thereby_o the_o earth_n every_o day_n move_v through_o about_o one_o degree_n concern_v the_o three_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n because_o it_o have_v a_o more_o hard_a consideration_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o be_v treat_v of_o by_o astronomer_n because_o in_o astronomy_n there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o suppose_v it_o indeed_o origanus_n have_v raise_v a_o controversy_n concern_v the_o second_o motion_n also_o think_v the_o first_o motion_n to_o be_v convenient_a for_o the_o earth_n but_o that_o the_o second_o shall_v be_v leave_v for_o the_o sun_n and_o fix_a star_n but_o the_o phaenomena_n or_o appearance_n in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o planet_n which_o we_o have_v allege_v before_o do_v sufficient_o enough_o maintain_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n chap._n vi_o concern_v the_o situation_n or_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o star_n the_o consideration_n of_o the_o earth_n situation_n in_o this_o whole_a system_a of_o the_o world_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o planet_n have_v a_o contemplation_n suitable_a to_o that_o which_o we_o have_v allege_v concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n for_o the_o common_a opinion_n of_o philosopher_n and_o astronomer_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n have_v decree_v universe_n the_o earth_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o philosopher_n and_o astronomer_n of_o ptolemy_n take_v up_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n the_o sun_n according_a to_o the_o copernican_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n that_o the_o earth_n take_v up_o the_o centre_n of_o this_o whole_a universe_n so_o that_o she_o be_v conversant_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o all_o the_o star_n and_o planet_n but_o they_o of_o copernicus_n his_o sect_n with_o the_o ancient_a pythagorean_n place_v the_o sun_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o all_o the_o star_n but_o they_o set_v the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v a_o planet_n between_o mars_n and_o venus_n and_o they_o think_v that_o she_o be_v carry_v there_o about_o the_o sun_n with_o a_o yearly_a course_n or_o space_n which_o be_v understand_v better_a by_o the_o diagram_n or_o description_n thereof_o yet_o notwithstanding_o therein_o do_v these_o two_o differ_v opinion_n agree_v that_o both_o confess_v that_o the_o centre_n of_o that_o first_o motion_n whereby_o the_o star_n seem_v to_o we_o in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o four_o hour_n to_o be_v carry_v about_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n for_o both_o astronomy_n and_o geography_n do_v want_v this_o supposition_n insomuch_o that_o whether_o you_o follow_v the_o ptolomaican_n or_o pythagorean_n opinion_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n the_o firmness_n and_o certainty_n of_o general_n astronomy_n and_o geography_n lose_v nothing_o for_o the_o difference_n of_o opinion_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o ptolomaians_n will_v have_v this_o motion_n to_o be_v in_o the_o star_n themselves_o but_o the_o pythogoreans_n be_v to_o be_v the_o earth_n the_o star_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n rest_v and_o never_o move_v neither_o of_o which_o be_v it_o necessary_a either_o for_o common_a astronomy_n or_o geography_n to_o determine_v copernican_n the_o place_v the_o sun_n earth_n and_o other_o planet_n according_a to_o the_o ptolomaians_n and_o copernican_n according_a to_o the_o ptolomaians_n this_n be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o planet_n to_o the_o earth_n and_o fix_a star_n the_o earth_n moon_n mercury_n venus_n sun_n jupiter_n saturn_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n according_a to_o the_o copernican_n such_o be_v the_o situation_n or_o place_n the_o sun_n be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o consistence_n or_o system_v of_o the_o world_n as_o the_o heart_n or_o fire_n next_o to_o he_o the_o orb_n of_o mercury_n venus_n the_o earth_n mars_n jupiter_n saturn_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n if_o you_o demand_v how_o much_o the_o earth_n and_o we_o be_v on_o the_o earth_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o planet_n you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o distance_n be_v not_o always_o the_o same_o but_o be_v change_v every_o day_n and_o therefore_o astronomer_n do_v reckon_v up_o three_o degree_n of_o distance_n viz._n the_o least_o the_o mean_a and_o the_o great_a the_o mean_a distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n be_v according_a to_o many_o astronomer_n this_o follow_v planet_n the_o mean_a distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o other_o planet_n the_o earth_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o moon_n with_o its_o sixty_o half_a diameter_n from_o mercury_n 110._o from_o venus_n seven_o hundred_o from_o the_o sun_n 1150._o from_o mars_n about_o five_o thousand_o from_o jupiter_n about_o 11000_o and_o from_o saturn_n 18000._o but_o yet_o indeed_o the_o distance_n
difference_n can_v little_o augment_v the_o altitude_n proposition_n xvi_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o air_n be_v not_o only_o the_o same_o in_o divers_a place_n but_o it_o remain_v the_o same_o and_o that_o constant_o at_o all_o time_n both_o winter_n and_o summer_n place_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v always_o the_o same_o in_o divers_a place_n for_o although_o that_o heat_n in_o the_o summer_n of_o our_o place_n may_v more_o elevate_v also_o our_o air_n more_o than_o in_o winter_n yet_o because_o that_o the_o winter_n be_v at_o the_o same_o in_o another_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o air_n be_v less_o raise_v in_o it_o wherefore_o part_n of_o our_o air_n shall_v be_v move_v towards_o the_o air_n of_o those_o place_n where_o the_o air_n be_v less_o elevate_v viz._n to_o the_o more_o depress_a place_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o fourteen_o proposition_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a whilst_o that_o the_o air_n of_o the_o place_n where_o we_o be_v be_v depress_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o winter_n part_n of_o this_o air_n where_o the_o summer_n or_o the_o great_a heat_n be_v shall_v be_v move_v towards_o our_o place_n viz._n until_o the_o whole_a air_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o same_o be_v the_o reason_n concern_v the_o day_n and_o the_o night_n for_o whilst_o that_o the_o air_n be_v depress_v and_o contract_v in_o the_o night_n to_o we_o in_o another_o place_n it_o be_v more_o rarefy_a and_o so_o be_v move_v towards_o the_o air_n of_o our_o place_n until_o it_o again_o make_v a_o spherical_a figure_n and_o because_o that_o all_o be_v equal_a on_o every_o side_n therefore_o the_o name_n altitude_n shall_v remain_v in_o every_o time_n but_o because_o that_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v more_o in_o one_o time_n and_o place_n than_o in_o another_o that_o difference_n see_v that_o it_o be_v very_o small_a can_v very_o little_o vary_v the_o altitude_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n the_o same_o be_v the_o account_n of_o rains_n or_o mist_n or_o vapour_n that_o be_v in_o we_o or_o in_o another_o place_n for_o to_o these_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n shall_v be_v less_o or_o more_o but_o i_o answer_v that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o time_n in_o which_o in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o rain_v not_o and_o that_o the_o mist_n fall_v not_o and_o therefore_o when_o that_o it_o rain_v in_o one_o place_n the_o air_n become_v not_o lesser_a than_o it_o be_v before_o because_o that_o before_o it_o rain_v in_o another_o place_n and_o so_o the_o reason_n be_v equal_a and_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o air_n be_v neither_o augment_v nor_o diminish_v proposition_n xvii_o by_o how_o much_o the_o air_n be_v more_o cold_a by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o it_o be_v condense_v and_o therefore_o for_o the_o most_o part_n more_o condense_v in_o the_o winter_n than_o in_o the_o summer_n to_o wit_n in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n also_o in_o the_o night_n than_o in_o the_o day_n now_o watery_a thick_a exhalation_n in_o the_o winter_n and_o the_o night_n cause_n and_o augment_v that_o condensation_n especial_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o evening_n condense_a the_o cold_o the_o air_n the_o more_o condense_a the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a from_o the_o precede_a proposition_n neither_o do_v it_o obstruct_v for_o that_o part_n of_o the_o more_o not_o air_n be_v move_v to_o the_o more_o cold_a as_o to_o a_o more_o depress_a place_n because_o that_o not_o that_o itself_o but_o another_o adjoin_a approachment_n by_o reason_n of_o continual_a protrusion_n and_o if_o that_o that_o happen_v yet_o in_o a_o cold_a place_n that_o become_v also_o cold_a proposition_n xviii_o there_o be_v three_o region_n vulgar_o make_v in_o the_o air_n whereof_o the_o middle_a be_v that_o in_o which_o the_o snow_n rain_n and_o hail_n be_v generate_v the_o first_o be_v that_o in_o which_o we_o be_v extend_v itself_o even_o to_o the_o middle_a region_n the_o three_o be_v that_o which_o begin_v the_o uttermost_a bind_v of_o the_o middle_a region_n and_o extend_v itself_o to_o the_o utmost_a superficies_n of_o the_o air_n even_o to_o the_o sublunary_a fire_n as_o the_o aristotelian_o affirm_v air._n three_o region_n in_o the_o air._n the_o middle_a region_n be_v more_o cold_a than_o the_o first_o and_o three_o which_o be_v reckon_v more_o hot_a but_o the_o three_o by_o reason_n that_o it_o contain_v more_o subtle_a fiery_a and_o sulphureous_a part_n of_o exhalation_n which_o fly_v to_o it_o about_o the_o place_n of_o the_o watery_a particle_n or_o be_v thrust_v down_o as_o more_o light_n the_o aristotelian_o say_v that_o it_o be_v hot_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o vicinity_n to_o the_o fiery-sphere_n but_o the_o first_o because_o that_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n fall_v be_v â—eaâ—_n there_o reflex_v and_o so_o duplicate_v the_o heat_n it_o happen_v that_o some_o particle_n of_o subterraneous_a fire_n exhale_v be_v in_o this_o region_n but_o the_o middle_a region_n iâ—_n more_o cold_a by_o reason_n that_o the_o reflect_a ray_n be_v there_o vicine_fw-la to_o those_o that_o fall_v in_o on_o the_o earth_n neither_o do_v they_o contain_v any_o fiery_a sulphureous_a particle_n but_o watery_a one_o for_o the_o sulphureous_a and_o fiery_a one_o that_o have_v carry_v up_o the_o watery_a one_o fly_v high_o proposition_n xix_o by_o how_o much_o that_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a recede_v to_o the_o pole_n or_o by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o distant_a the_o place_n of_o the_o air_n be_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o the_o rain_n snow_n hail_o begin_v to_o be_v generate_v the_o reason_n be_v that_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v fall_v more_o oblique_o on_o the_o place_n about_o the_o pole_n than_o on_o the_o place_n about_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o ray_n refract_v be_v much_o withdraw_v from_o those_o fall_n in_o and_o so_o cause_v lesser_a heat_n and_o for_o a_o lesser_a space_n than_o the_o ray_n under_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o so_o in_o a_o more_o near_a place_n the_o watery_a vapour_n may_v unite_v to_o generate_v watery_a meteor_n corollary_n the_o superficies_n terminate_a the_o first_o region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v of_o a_o oval_a figure_n or_o rather_o elliptical_a or_o sphere_n like_a protuberate_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n proposition_n xx._n by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v near_a the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o distance_n the_o region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v distant_a from_o that_o earth_n that_o begin_v the_o three_o or_o in_o which_o the_o more_o subtle_a and_o sulphureous_a particle_n be_v for_o there_o be_v the_o few_o and_o more_o subtle_a particle_n in_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v near_o the_o pole_n because_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n elicitate_v few_o from_o the_o earth_n therefore_o because_o that_o there_o be_v few_o particle_n of_o the_o three_o region_n under_o the_o frigid_a zone_n than_o in_o the_o temperate_a and_o in_o this_o few_o than_o in_o the_o torrid_a and_o yet_o the_o utmost_a bind_v of_o that_o three_o region_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n 16._o see_v proposition_n 16._o according_a to_o the_o sixteenth_o proposition_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o region_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v far_o more_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o in_o the_o torrid_a and_o temperate_a zone_n corollary_n the_o superficies_n terminate_a the_o second_o region_n of_o the_o air_n or_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o three_o be_v spherical_a and_o protuberate_v in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n all_o these_o must_v be_v show_v to_o youth_n by_o diagram_n proposition_n xxi_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n do_v not_o direct_o arrive_v at_o our_o eye_n from_o the_o aether_n through_o the_o air_n but_o where_o they_o enter_v the_o air_n they_o be_v withdraw_v or_o deflect_v a_o little_a from_o a_o direct_a passage_n which_o the_o skilful_a in_o the_o optic_n term_v to_o refract_v the_o ray_n and_o so_o those_o ray_n refract_v come_v to_o our_o eye_n and_o show_v we_o the_o star_n star_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n this_o part_n which_o treat_v of_o the_o refraction_n of_o light_n be_v the_o most_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o science_n of_o the_o optic_n for_o experience_n testify_v that_o ray_n proceed_v from_o any_o visible_a body_n if_o from_o one_o medium_n they_o fall_v in_o upon_o another_o that_o be_v
sea_n and_o the_o like_a be_v in_o guzurat_n but_o for_o very_a many_o month_n when_o it_o begin_v to_o blow_v in_o congo_n and_o guzurat_n in_o september_n it_o continue_v even_o to_o march_n the_o anniversary_n wind_n of_o the_o grecian_n which_o they_o call_v ornithia_n or_o the_o bridge_n wind_n this_o they_o say_v blow_v after_o the_o vernal_a aequinox_n the_o sun_n ascend_v to_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o european_n proposition_n v._o why_o the_o etesian_a wind_n blow_v not_o in_o italy_n france_n germany_n persia_n and_o other_o region_n especial_o see_v that_o they_o be_v more_o near_o the_o northern_a mountain_n from_o whence_o we_o assert_v the_o etesian_a wind_n of_o the_o grecian_n congo_n and_o guzurat_n do_v arise_v and_o blow_v mountain_n the_o etesian_a wind_n blow_v not_o in_o all_o region_n though_o near_o the_o northern_a mountain_n the_o question_n be_v of_o no_o small_a moment_n and_o i_o wish_v that_o we_o have_v more_o accurate_a observation_n concern_v this_o matter_n viz._n the_o notation_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o at_o that_o time_n be_v observe_v in_o each_o region_n whether_o in_o every_o year_n the_o same_o never_o return_v yet_o if_o that_o any_o thing_n must_v be_v say_v to_o the_o question_n these_o seem_v convenient_a 1._o we_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o north_n wind_n often_o blow_v in_o our_o canicular_a or_o dog_n day_n 2._o that_o it_o be_v discover_v less_o continual_a and_o in_o each_o year_n peradventure_o the_o cause_n be_v the_o often_o blow_v of_o other_o wind_n which_o hinder_v the_o discovery_n of_o the_o same_o 3._o we_o may_v say_v that_o the_o mountain_n from_o which_o this_o first_o resolution_n of_o the_o snow_n begin_v be_v situate_v direct_o from_o greece_n and_o therefore_o the_o first_o canicular_a wind_n be_v carry_v hither_o but_o the_o vapour_n be_v carry_v hither_o from_o the_o snow_n of_o the_o other_o mountain_n because_o that_o here_o they_o find_v a_o free_a passage_n make_v but_o i_o shall_v reject_v these_o my_o extemporay_a thought_n when_o that_o i_o shall_v see_v a_o better_a reason_n and_o more_o accurate_a observation_n proposition_n vi_o some_o wind_n be_v proper_a and_o almost_o perpetual_a to_o some_o place_n or_o tract_n of_o land_n other_o be_v cease_v time_n place_n which_o have_v a_o certain_a wind_n at_o a_o fix_a time_n those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v very_o few_o which_o have_v a_o certain_a wind_n at_o a_o fix_a time_n viz._n these_o 1._o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n especial_o of_o part_n of_o the_o pacifick_n and_o aethiopick_n sea_n situate_a in_o the_o zone_n enjoy_v a_o perpetual_a wind_n viz._n a_o oriental_a wind_n or_o its_o collateral_a which_o they_o call_v a_o general_n wind_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o second_o proposition_n where_o we_o have_v treat_v large_o of_o it_o yea_o this_o wind_n be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o proper_a wind_n but_o rather_o to_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v common_a to_o all_o place_n for_o although_o by_o accident_n it_o happen_v that_o it_o be_v not_o discern_v in_o all_o place_n viz._n because_o other_o wind_n blow_v more_o strong_a yet_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o some_o the_o cause_n be_v allege_v in_o the_o place_n cite_v 2._o on_o the_o coast_n of_o peru_n and_o part_n of_o chili_n and_o to_o the_o adjacent_a sea_n the_o south_n wind_n be_v almost_o perpetual_a and_o his_o collateral_a wind_n at_o the_o west_n it_o begin_v at_o the_o 46_o deg_fw-la of_o latitude_n and_o blow_v to_o panama_n the_o american_n isthmus_n and_o cause_v that_o in_o few_o day_n ship_n arrive_v from_o lima_n at_o panama_n lade_v with_o gold_n silver_n etc._n etc._n but_o it_o require_v many_o day_n sail_n from_o panama_n to_o lima._n but_o this_o wind_n blow_v not_o in_o the_o sea_n remote_a from_o the_o coast_n of_o peru_n it_o be_v difficult_a to_o render_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o wind_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o south_n land_n from_o whence_o it_o seem_v to_o blow_v be_v not_o yet_o know_v unto_o we_o yet_o i_o think_v it_o probable_a that_o because_o that_o mountain_n be_v find_v in_o it_o cover_v with_o perpetual_a snow_n therefore_o the_o wind_n be_v generate_v from_o a_o continual_a resolution_n of_o they_o but_o i_o will_v not_o infect_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o reader_n with_o these_o my_o suspicion_n or_o conjecture_n for_o peradventure_o the_o snow_n which_o be_v find_v all_o the_o year_n long_o in_o the_o high_a mountain_n at_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o these_o wind_n but_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o those_o mountain_n lie_v from_o the_o south_n towards_o the_o west_n decline_v from_o the_o south_n wherefore_o we_o shall_v leave_v this_o to_o a_o more_o diligent_a inquisition_n or_o a_o more_o full_a knowledge_n of_o the_o south_n continent_n 3._o at_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o land_n of_o magellan_n or_o del_n fugo_n about_o the_o straight_a le_fw-fr mair_n continual_a or_o at_o least_o very_a frequent_a western_o wind_n do_v blow_n and_o that_o with_o that_o force_n that_o they_o make_v the_o tree_n to_o bend_v towards_o the_o east_n from_o their_o perpendicular_a rectitude_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o those_o occidental_a wind_n so_o often_o blow_v but_o on_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o strait_n le_fw-fr mair_n at_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o south_n land_n the_o south_n wind_n blow_v i_o can_v render_v no_o other_o cause_n of_o those_o occidental_a wind_n but_o that_o i_o suppose_v they_o to_o be_v raise_v from_o snow_n and_o cloud_n in_o the_o south_n continent_n which_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o side_n of_o that_o occidental_a streight_n from_o the_o south_n towards_o the_o north._n but_o these_o be_v doubtful_a and_o more_o diligent_o to_o be_v inquire_v after_o 4._o on_o the_o malabarian_a coast_n of_o india_n for_o almost_o the_o whole_a year_n the_o north_n and_o north-east_n wind_n blow_v the_o cause_n proceed_v from_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o snow_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o asiatic_a sarmatia_n viz._n imaus_n or_o caucasus_n from_o the_o cloud_n on_o the_o other_o mountain_n of_o asia_n which_o be_v collect_v and_o press_v the_o subject_n air._n 5._o in_o the_o sea_n near_o to_o guinea_n the_o north_n west_n wind_n be_v frequent_a and_o in_o the_o remote_a sea_n the_o north_n east_n 6._o in_o the_o middle_a passage_n between_o japan_n and_o liampo_n a_o maritimate_a city_n of_o china_n even_o unto_o these_o be_v find_v occidental_a wind_n which_o blow_n in_o japan_n in_o november_n and_o december_n 7._o at_o the_o isle_n guotou_n not_o far_o from_o the_o isle_n do_v cavallos_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o china_n be_v a_o frequent_a south_n wind_n when_o that_o yet_o in_o the_o neighbour_a ocean_n a_o north_n wind_n be_v predominate_v proposition_n vii_o unto_o these_o periodical_a or_o state_a wind_n appertain_v those_o also_o that_o be_v term_v day_n wind_n which_o in_o some_o region_n and_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n blow_v for_o some_o hour_n every_o day_n call_v of_o day_n wind_n so_o call_v now_o they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v twofold_a and_o that_o only_a in_o some_o maritimate_a place_n for_o some_o blow_n from_o mediterranean_a place_n to_o the_o shore_n towards_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o on_o the_o contrary_a from_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o shore_n 1._o on_o the_o malabarian_a coast_n in_o the_o summer_n season_n viz._n from_o september_n to_o april_n the_o terrestrial_a wind_n or_o terrinhos_n do_v blow_n from_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n to_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n now_o these_o wind_n be_v eastern_a wind_n but_o from_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n to_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n the_o sea_n wind_n or_o viraconus_n to_o wit_n the_o west_n wind_n blow_v but_o this_o be_v very_o weak_a so_o that_o by_o its_o assistance_n the_o ship_n can_v hardly_o arrive_v at_o the_o shoar_n i_o suppose_v the_o cause_n of_o those_o oriental_a wind_n from_o twelve_o at_o night_n to_o twelve_o in_o the_o day_n partly_o to_o be_v a_o general_a wind_n and_o partly_o cloud_n on_o the_o mountain_n gatis_n but_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o occidental_a wind_n that_o blow_n from_o twelve_o in_o the_o day_n to_o twelve_o at_o night_n be_v the_o resolution_n of_o thick_a cloud_n cause_v by_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o cloud_n before_o by_o the_o oriental_a wind_n be_v force_v towards_o the_o west_n out_o of_o those_o name_v month_n the_o north_n wind_n predominate_v also_o the_o east_n and_o north-east_n neither_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o often_o tempest_n be_v these_o terrestrial_a and_o marine_a wind_n discern_v 2._o in_o musulipatan_n a_o city_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o charomandel_n these_o terrinhos_n begin_v to_o blow_v
depart_v from_o the_o meridian_n for_o that_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n proposition_n x._o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n situate_v under_o the_o aequator_fw-la have_v no_o latitude_n or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n but_o both_o the_o pole_n lie_v in_o their_o horizon_n latitude_n the_o place_n under_o the_o aequator_fw-la have_v not_o latitude_n the_o place_n under_o the_o pole_n have_v the_o latitude_n of_o 90_o degree_n viz._n the_o pole_n in_o the_o vertex_fw-la and_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o the_o horizon_n the_o place_n between_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la have_v a_o less_o latitude_n than_o ninety_o degree_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v evident_a therefore_o it_o need_v no_o explication_n proposition_n xi_o if_o we_o be_v either_o on_o the_o sea_n or_o land_n and_o know_v not_o the_o place_n where_o we_o be_v let_v the_o latitude_n be_v find_v to_o exhibit_v that_o parallel_n in_o the_o globe_n that_o we_o may_v be_v certain_a that_o we_o be_v in_o one_o point_n of_o it_o this_o be_v do_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o six_o proposition_n viz._n a_o parallel_n must_v be_v describe_v at_o the_o give_v or_o observe_v latitude_n and_o this_o be_v the_o parallel_n demand_v the_o same_o be_v also_o easy_a in_o map_n chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o zone_n and_o the_o celestial_a appearance_n in_o the_o divers_a zone_n proposition_n i._o from_o the_o proper_a or_o annual_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n there_o arise_v a_o certain_a division_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o five_o part_n or_o zone_n scheme_n the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o 5_o zone_n see_v scheme_n see_v that_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o always_o continue_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o decline_v from_o it_o describe_v by_o his_o motion_n a_o path_n which_o cut_v the_o aequator_fw-la so_o that_o his_o great_a declination_n be_v in_o 23½_n degree_n as_o well_o towards_o the_o north_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la as_o towards_o the_o south_n in_o which_o declination_n he_o describe_v the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n thence_o it_o be_v that_o he_o be_v not_o perpetual_o vertical_a to_o the_o place_n lie_v under_o the_o aequator_fw-la neither_o do_v he_o always_o keep_v one_o distance_n from_o other_o place_n for_o sometime_o he_o be_v more_o nigh_o and_o sometime_o more_o remote_a from_o a_o certain_a place_n and_o various_o change_v heat_n cold_a rain_n and_o other_o condition_n of_o the_o season_n these_o which_o we_o have_v now_o speak_v of_o may_v be_v show_v as_o well_o on_o the_o globe_n as_o in_o map_n a_o zone_n be_v term_v a_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n include_v within_o the_o tropic_a and_o the_o polary_a circle_n what_o a_o zone_n what_o and_o because_o there_o be_v two_o tropic_n and_o two_o polary_a circle_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o there_o be_v five_o zone_n viz._n 1._o torrid_a 2._o temperate_a and_o 2._o frigid_a zone_n torrid_a zone_n the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n zone_n temperate_a zone_n the_o temperate_a zone_n which_o lie_v between_o one_o of_o the_o tropic_n and_o the_o adjacent_a polary_a circle_n the_o northern_o temperate_a zone_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o the_o arctic_a circle_n the_o southern_o temperate_a zone_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o antarctic_a circle_n zone_n frigid_a zone_n the_o frigid_a or_o cold_a zone_n be_v those_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v about_o the_o pole_n even_o to_o the_o polary_a circle_n and_o they_o be_v as_o well_o northern_o as_o southern_o cold_a circle_n proposition_n ii_o in_o the_o place_n according_a to_o their_o latitude_n in_o what_o zone_n they_o be_v in_o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o latitude_n be_v less_o than_o 23_o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n they_o lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n those_o who_o latitude_n be_v 23_o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n they_o lie_v in_o the_o tropic_n viz._n in_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n those_o who_o latitude_n be_v great_a than_o 23_o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n and_o less_o than_o 66_o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n they_o lie_v in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n those_o who_o latitude_n be_v 66_o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n they_o lie_v in_o the_o polary_a circle_n viz._n in_o the_o term_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n those_o who_o latitude_n be_v great_a than_o 66_o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n they_o lie_v in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n these_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o tropical_a and_o polary_a circle_n which_o we_o have_v treat_v of_o in_o the_o 23th_o chapter_n proposition_n iii_o the_o aequator_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n pass_v through_o these_o place_n through_o place_n which_o the_o aequator_fw-la pass_v through_o through_o the_o island_n of_o st._n thomas_n in_o the_o great_a bay_n of_o africa_n which_o be_v call_v the_o aethiopian_a ocean_n through_o aethiopia_n through_o the_o indian_a ocean_n through_o the_o middle_n of_o sumatra_n through_o the_o chersonesus_n of_o malacca_n and_o other_o island_n in_o the_o indian_a ocean_n through_o the_o moluccas_n themselves_o and_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n through_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o province_n of_o peruana_n by_o the_o lake_n parima_fw-la through_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n even_o to_o the_o island_n of_o st._n thomas_n the_o aequator_fw-la divide_v the_o torrid_a zone_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n so_o that_o they_o may_v deserve_o be_v term_v two_o torrid_a zone_n one_o northern_a and_o the_o other_o southern_a these_o place_n lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n zone_n place_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o great_a part_n of_o africa_n the_o indian_a ocean_n abyssine_n part_n of_o arabia_n cambaja_n india_n the_o isle_n of_o the_o indian_a sea_n java_n ceilan_n peruvia_n mexico_n great_a part_n of_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n the_o island_n of_o st._n helena_n brazil_n new_a guinee_n through_o place_n which_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n pass_v through_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n pass_v through_o these_o place_n viz._n through_o the_o confine_n of_o lybia_n and_o other_o place_n in_o the_o inland_a africa_n through_o syena_n in_o aethiopia_n thence_o pass_v the_o red_a sea_n beyond_o the_o mountain_n sinai_n and_o mecca_n the_o birth-place_n of_o mahomet_n it_o pass_v through_o arabia_n felix_n hence_o it_o enter_v the_o indian_a ocean_n and_o touch_v the_o border_n of_o persia_n and_o pass_v over_o cambaja_n india_n and_o the_o border_n of_o china_n until_o it_o come_v into_o the_o pacifick_n sea_n which_o be_v pass_v over_o it_o fall_v in_o with_o california_n into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mexico_n and_o again_o enter_v into_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n pass_v the_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n it_o sweep_v the_o coast_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o cuba_n and_o thence_o return_v to_o the_o occidental_a shore_n of_o africa_n through_o place_n which_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n pass_v through_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n pass_v through_o very_a few_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n its_o great_a part_n lie_v in_o the_o sea_n the_o place_n through_o which_o it_o pass_v be_v through_o the_o tongue_n of_o africa_n through_o monomotapa_n madagascar_n the_o indian_a ocean_n new_a guinee_n the_o pacifick_n ocean_n peru_n brazil_n and_o through_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n zone_n place_n situate_a in_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a temperate_a zone_n many_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n lie_v in_o the_o northern_a temperate_a zone_n and_o those_o almost_o all_o know_v and_o inhabit_v viz._n all_o europe_n all_o asia_n except_o part_n of_o india_n malacca_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o indian_a ocean_n great_a part_n of_o america_n septentrionalis_n and_o part_n of_o the_o atlantic_a and_o pacifick_n ocean_n in_o the_o southern_a temperate_a zone_n few_o place_n lie_v and_o those_o not_o full_o know_v with_o a_o large_a portion_n of_o the_o sea_n viz._n part_n of_o the_o prominent_a part_n of_o africa_n monomotapa_n a_o great_a part_n of_o terra_fw-la magellanica_fw-la part_n of_o brazil_n chili_n the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o atlantic_a indian_a and_o pacifick_n ocean_n through_o place_n which_o the_o arctic_a and_o antarctic_a polary_n circle_n pass_v through_o the_o arctic_a polary_n circle_n pass_v almost_o through_o the_o middle_n of_o izland_n through_o the_o upper_a norway_n the_o north_n sea_n lapland_n the_o bay_n of_o russia_n samojeda_n tartary_n america_n septentrionalis_n and_o groenland_n the_o antarctic_a polary_n circle_n pass_v through_o terra_fw-la magellanica_fw-la of_o which_o we_o have_v little_a or_o no_o knowledge_n at_o this_o day_n zone_n place_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o cold_a northern_a and_o southern_a
great_a concernment_n yet_o it_o be_v better_a to_o begin_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la that_o all_o the_o place_n may_v lie_v in_o some_o climate_n proposition_n xv._o to_o show_v the_o use_n of_o the_o table_n of_o the_o climate_n 1._o the_o latitude_n of_o some_o place_n or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v give_v to_o know_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n in_o that_o place_n and_o the_o climate_n in_o which_o it_o lie_v let_v the_o give_v elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v seek_v in_o the_o table_n and_o on_o the_o opposite_a region_n we_o shall_v find_v both_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n as_o also_o the_o climate_n and_o the_o parallel_n if_o that_o the_o give_v elevation_n can_v be_v find_v in_o the_o table_n then_o take_v that_o elevation_n which_o be_v less_o near_o or_o the_o like_a which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o table_n climate_n from_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o long_a day_n of_o any_o place_n to_o know_v the_o latude_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o parallel_n and_o climate_n 2._o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o long_a day_n of_o any_o place_n be_v give_v which_o any_o person_n have_v observe_v or_o receive_v by_o relation_n to_o know_v from_o thence_o the_o latitude_n of_o that_o place_n the_o parallel_n and_o the_o climate_n in_o which_o that_o place_n lie_v enter_v the_o table_n with_o the_o latitude_n give_v and_o you_o shall_v see_v on_o the_o opposite_a region_n both_o the_o latitude_n and_o the_o place_n demand_v as_o also_o the_o climate_n and_o parallel_n 3._o a_o climate_n be_v give_v to_o determine_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o long_a day_n and_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n this_o be_v facile_a from_o the_o very_a sight_n of_o the_o table_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o light_n heatt_z cold_a rains_n in_o the_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o zone_n and_o other_o property_n of_o the_o zone_n proposition_n i._o these_o cause_n be_v efficacious_a to_o generate_v and_o procure_v light_a heatt_z cold_a and_o rain_n with_o other_o meteor_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o vicine_fw-la air._n heat_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o heat_n 1._o the_o more_o or_o less_o or_o no_o obliquity_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o or_o emit_v on_o any_o place_n for_o the_o ray_n fall_v perpendicular_a on_o any_o place_n cause_n great_a heat_n and_o the_o other_o ray_n slide_v oblique_o have_v for_o that_o very_a reason_n a_o less_o power_n of_o heat_n by_o how_o much_o the_o obliquity_n of_o they_o be_v the_o great_a that_o be_v by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o they_o decline_v from_o the_o perpendicular_a ray._n 2._o the_o diurnal_a stay_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n for_o the_o same_o heat_n make_v more_o hot_a and_o change_v the_o air_n in_o a_o long_a time_n than_o in_o a_o short_a 3._o the_o depression_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n be_v more_o or_o less_o in_o the_o night_n season_n for_o this_o difference_n of_o depression_n cause_v that_o either_o more_o or_o less_o light_a be_v perceive_v in_o the_o air_n also_o more_o or_o less_o heat_n rain_n thick_a cloud_n hitherto_o belong_v the_o twilight_n 4._o the_o more_o or_o less_o elevation_n of_o the_o moon_n above_o the_o horizon_n the_o more_o or_o less_o depression_n of_o the_o same_o beneath_o the_o horizon_n the_o more_o or_o less_o diurnal_a stay_n of_o the_o same_o above_o the_o horizon_n the_o cause_n be_v the_o same_o with_o those_o allege_v in_o the_o three_o forego_v paragraph_n air._n the_o planet_n and_o fix_a star_n raise_v vapour_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o air._n 5._o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o fix_a star_n especial_o of_o those_o more_o note_a one_o and_o of_o the_o five_o other_o planet_n saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n venus_n and_o mercury_n for_o they_o generate_v some_o light_n and_o heat_n in_o the_o air_n although_o it_o be_v but_o little_a and_o change_v the_o air_n divers_a way_n and_o raise_v vapour_n if_o that_o we_o may_v credit_v astronomer_n 6._o the_o propriety_n or_o species_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o every_o place_n for_o where_o the_o earth_n be_v more_o stony_a and_o rocky_a there_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v more_o cold_a than_o where_o it_o be_v sulphureous_a and_o fat_a and_o here_o again_o it_o be_v more_o fertile_a where_o there_o be_v much_o sand_n and_o no_o river_n there_o be_v great_a heat_n lake_n fume_n and_o mist_n proceed_v from_o lake_n 7._o lake_n or_o the_o sea_n adjacent_a from_o thence_o also_o fume_n and_o mist_n be_v raise_v more_o moist_a and_o frequent_a in_o the_o air_n and_o the_o ray_n be_v less_o powerful_o reflect_v from_o the_o sea_n than_o from_o the_o earth_n 8._o the_o situation_n of_o place_n for_o the_o sun_n act_v otherwise_o on_o mountain_n and_o mountainous_a place_n than_o on_o valley_n and_o plain_n moreover_o mountain_n hinder_v the_o free_a access_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o subject_a place_n for_o to_o they_o the_o vapour_n of_o the_o air_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n attract_v 20._o see_v chap._n 20._o whence_o the_o mountain_n change_v the_o season_n of_o the_o adjacent_a place_n as_o heatt_z rain_n and_o the_o like_a for_o these_o will_v be_v otherwise_o in_o the_o subject_a place_n if_o that_o the_o mountain_n be_v absent_a weather_n the_o wind_n cause_n difference_n in_o the_o weather_n 9_o the_o wind_n especial_o the_o general_a so_o the_o etesian_a wind_n temperate_a and_o allay_v the_o canicular_a heat_n a_o general_a wind_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n especial_o the_o subsolan_n wind_n in_o brasilia_n render_v the_o heat_n temperate_a when_o in_o africa_n which_o be_v occidental_a the_o heat_n be_v vehement_a because_o these_o place_n feel_v not_o so_o general_a a_o wind._n the_o northern_a wind_n be_v cold_a and_o dry_a the_o southern_a warm_a and_o moist_a in_o our_o place_n 10._o cloud_n rain_n and_o fog_n take_v away_o and_o diminish_v light_a and_o heat_n i_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v not_o many_o cause_n of_o this_o variety_n in_o light_n and_o heat_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v observe_v in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o also_o in_o the_o same_o place_n but_o yet_o in_o a_o different_a time_n or_o season_n proposition_n ii_o how_o be_v the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n spring_n summer_n autumn_n and_o winter_n to_o be_v define_v year_n the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n although_o in_o science_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o contend_v and_o dispute_v concern_v definition_n yet_o because_o certain_a homonyme_n or_o likeness_n do_v here_o occur_v without_o the_o explication_n of_o which_o there_o will_v arise_v much_o confusion_n in_o the_o follow_a doctrine_n therefore_o i_o will_v so_o propose_v this_o question_n that_o you_o may_v the_o more_o cautious_o avoid_v this_o homonyme_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v deceive_v and_o entangle_v by_o the_o same_o the_o question_n comprehend_v two_o difficulty_n first_o whether_o these_o season_n ought_v to_o be_v define_v from_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o his_o stay_n in_o certain_a sing_v of_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o zodiac_n astrologer_n according_a to_o astronomer_n and_o astrologer_n for_o so_o astronomer_n and_o astrologer_n common_o do_v say_v that_o that_o be_v the_o spring_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n to_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n that_o be_v summer_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n to_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n that_o be_v autumn_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n to_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n and_o that_o be_v winter_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n to_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n now_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o these_o definition_n be_v not_o general_a and_o agreeable_a to_o all_o place_n because_o they_o be_v only_o of_o force_n in_o the_o northern_a place_n situate_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n arctic_a and_o not_o in_o the_o southern_a so_o that_o for_o these_o definition_n the_o same_o person_n bring_v definition_n contrary_a to_o the_o former_a say_v that_o in_o these_o place_n the_o spring_n begin_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o libra_n proceed_v unto_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n the_o summer_n from_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n to_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n the_o autumn_n from_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n to_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n and_o the_o winter_n from_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n to_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n but_o from_o thence_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o those_o season_n can_v possible_o be_v define_v which_o be_v false_a and_o general_n ought_v to_o be_v define_v by_o general_n second_o definition_n so_o make_v can_v have_v place_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n
definition_n spring_n summer_n autumn_n and_o winter_n may_v be_v attribute_v to_o all_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n neither_o be_v it_o easy_a to_o find_v out_o any_o other_o mode_n of_o define_v they_o so_o that_o they_o may_v agree_v with_o all_o place_n now_o these_o definition_n be_v lay_v down_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o matter_n itself_o proposition_n iii_o the_o celestial_a summer_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o the_o pole_n arctic_a begin_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o june_n and_o end_n with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o libra_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o september_n and_o that_o together_o at_o once_o in_o all_o those_o place_n so_o that_o autumn_n be_v in_o those_o place_n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n unto_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n the_o winter_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n to_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n the_o spring_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n unto_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n year_n further_o concern_v the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v easy_o show_v by_o the_o antecedent_n definition_n and_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v on_o the_o globe_n and_o in_o universal_a map_n for_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n have_v the_o least_o distance_n in_o the_o meridies_n from_o the_o vertex_n of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o northern_a temperate_a and_o frigid_a zone_n after_o the_o same_o mode_n the_o sun_n in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o libra_n have_v a_o moderate_a distance_n from_o those_o vertex_n in_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n a_o great_a in_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n a_o moderate_a and_o he_o ascend_v to_o a_o more_o great_a which_o be_v apparent_a both_o from_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o from_o the_o globe_n and_o map_n therefore_o it_o be_v infer_v by_o the_o definition_n lay_v down_o before_o that_o the_o summer_n the_o winter_n and_o the_o spring_n of_o those_o place_n begin_z and_o end_v in_o those_o day_n we_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o summer_n of_o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o antarctic_a pole_n or_o those_o of_o the_o southern_a zone_n temperate_a and_o frigid_a begin_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n viz._n 21_o of_o december_n and_o end_n with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o march._n the_o autumn_n of_o those_o place_n begin_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n and_o end_n with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o june_n with_o this_o the_o winter_n of_o those_o place_n begin_v which_o end_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n viz._n 21_o of_o september_n and_o with_o this_o their_o spring_n begin_v and_o end_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n viz._n 21_o of_o december_n where_o the_o summer_n begin_v again_o these_o be_v show_v after_o the_o same_o mode_n by_o the_o definition_n deliver_v and_o by_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n by_o which_o we_o show_v the_o former_a because_o in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n the_o sun_n have_v the_o least_o distance_n from_o the_o vertex_n of_o those_o place_n in_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n a_o moderate_a and_o descend_v to_o the_o less_o in_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n the_o great_a in_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n a_o moderate_a and_o ascend_v to_o a_o great_a but_o the_o celestial_a summer_n spring_n autumn_n and_o winter_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n between_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n do_v not_o begin_v on_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n of_o the_o year_n but_o on_o divers_a day_n in_o every_o place_n of_o diverse_a parallel_n or_o of_o a_o diverse_a latitude_n of_o this_o zone_n now_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v threefold_a viz._n the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o northern_a place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o the_o southern_a place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n 1._o the_o place_n lie_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la have_v this_o peculiar_a to_o they_o that_o they_o enjoy_v two_o summer_n two_o winter_n two_o spring_n season_n and_o two_o autumn_n and_o that_o in_o every_o year_n so_o that_o in_o half_a a_o year_n they_o have_v or_o aught_o to_o have_v those_o four_o season_n according_a to_o our_o definition_n and_o the_o celestial_a law_n they_o have_v again_o the_o same_o four_o season_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n september_n half_n a_o year_n be_v from_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n viz._n one_o summer_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n to_o the_o second_o of_o taurus_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n to_o the_o 22_o of_o april_n autumn_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o taurus_n to_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n from_o the_o 22_o of_o april_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n zodiac_n the_o motion_n of_o â—he_n sun_n in_o the_o 12_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n winter_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n to_o the_o second_o of_o leo_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n to_o the_o 19_o of_o august_n the_o spring_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o 28_o degree_n of_o leo_n to_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n from_o the_o 19_o of_o august_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n the_o other_o summer_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o libra_n to_o the_o second_o of_o scorpio_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n to_o the_o 22_o of_o october_n the_o other_o autumn_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o scorpio_n to_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n from_o the_o 22_o of_o october_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n the_o other_o winter_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n to_o the_o 28_o of_o aquarius_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n to_o the_o 19_o of_o february_n the_o other_o spring_n be_v whilst_o the_o sun_n do_v move_v from_o the_o 28_o degree_n of_o aquarius_n to_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n from_o the_o 19_o of_o february_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o march._n all_o these_o be_v easy_o demonstrate_v from_o the_o definition_n lay_v down_o because_o that_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n and_o in_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n have_v the_o less_o distance_n in_o the_o meridies_n from_o the_o vertices_fw-la of_o the_o place_n lie_v under_o the_o aequator_fw-la for_o it_o have_v none_o because_o it_o be_v vertical_a unto_o they_o therefore_o then_o do_v the_o summer_n begin_v then_o in_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o taurus_n and_o the_o second_o of_o scorpio_n where_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v 11_o degree_n 45_o minute_n it_o acquire_v a_o mean_a distance_n depart_v to_o a_o great_a then_o therefore_o the_o autumn_n do_v begin_v moreover_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n he_o have_v a_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la therefore_o then_o do_v the_o winter_n begin_v final_o on_o the_o 28_o degree_n of_o leo_n and_o the_o 28_o of_o aquarius_n he_o receive_v a_o moderate_a distance_n from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la 10_o degree_n 45_o minute_n ascend_v towards_o the_o least_o and_o therefore_o then_o do_v the_o spring_n season_v begin_v these_o be_v understand_v more_o perspicuous_o from_o the_o globe_n therefore_o here_o these_o season_n may_v be_v distinguish_v thus_o according_a to_o the_o celestial_a law_n notwithstanding_o the_o terrestrial_a season_n be_v in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la otherwise_o observe_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n 2._o all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n lie_v under_o the_o torrid_a northern_a zone_n have_v the_o end_n of_o the_o autumn_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o winter_n together_o both_o at_o one_o time_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o december_n but_o they_o have_v not_o together_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o the_o summer_n and_o spring_n as_o also_o the_o autumn_n but_o different_a place_n have_v they_o in_o several_a day_n season_n other_o observation_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o season_n for_o the_o end_n of_o the_o
autumn_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o winter_n in_o those_o place_n be_v when_o the_o sun_n obtain_v the_o great_a distance_n that_o possible_o he_o can_v from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o those_o place_n as_o it_o be_v lay_v down_o in_o the_o definition_n and_o it_o be_v true_a concern_v all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a northern_a zone_n that_o the_o sun_n enter_v into_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n acquire_v the_o great_a distance_n in_o the_o meridies_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o those_o place_n because_o that_o in_o all_o the_o other_o day_n he_o be_v more_o near_o to_o those_o place_n therefore_o the_o sun_n be_v enter_v into_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o winter_n happen_v to_o all_o those_o place_n and_o also_o the_o end_n of_o autumn_n which_o be_v the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o proposition_n the_o other_o part_n be_v also_o easy_o prove_v for_o if_o these_o place_n be_v of_o a_o diverse_a latitude_n than_o the_o sun_n be_v not_o vertical_a in_o the_o meridies_n to_o those_o place_n in_o the_o same_o day_n but_o in_o diverse_a for_o than_o be_v the_o begin_n of_o the_o summer_n of_o any_o place_n of_o this_o torrid_a zone_n when_o the_o sun_n by_o his_o ascent_n from_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n come_v to_o that_o degree_n of_o the_o northern_a ecliptic_a that_o he_o be_v vertical_a to_o that_o place_n so_o that_o in_o divers_a day_n the_o beginning_n of_o summer_n may_v be_v in_o those_o divers_a place_n yet_o in_o all_o those_o place_n its_o beginning_n fall_v between_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n the_o summer_n shall_v also_o end_v in_o different_a day_n and_o the_o autumn_n begin_v because_o the_o sun_n in_o divers_a day_n come_v to_o his_o mean_a distance_n or_o to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o have_v a_o moderate_a distance_n from_o those_o place_n because_o these_o point_n be_v different_o seat_v between_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n and_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n notwitstand_v this_o beginning_n fall_v out_o between_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n after_o the_o same_o mode_n in_o divers_a day_n the_o winter_n shall_v have_v a_o end_n and_o the_o spring_n begin_v because_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a again_o of_o a_o moderate_a distance_n be_v divers_a from_o the_o vertices_fw-la of_o those_o place_n now_o the_o sun_n touch_v they_o cause_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o spring_n which_o yet_o happen_v in_o all_o between_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n 3._o all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n situate_v in_o the_o torrid_a southern_a zone_n have_v also_o the_o end_n of_o the_o autumn_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o winter_n together_o at_o one_o time_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o june_n but_o they_o have_v not_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o the_o spring_n as_o also_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o autumn_n together_o but_o divers_a place_n have_v it_o in_o different_a day_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o summer_n of_o all_o those_o place_n do_v fall_v between_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n the_o beginning_n of_o autumn_n and_o the_o end_n of_o summer_n between_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o the_o end_n of_o winter_n between_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n the_o part_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v prove_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o former_a for_o on_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n and_o therefore_o have_v the_o great_a distance_n that_o be_v possible_a from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o austrial_a torrid_a zone_n then_o therefore_o all_o of_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o beginning_n of_o winter_n but_o the_o begin_n of_o summer_n the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n shall_v happen_v on_o divers_a day_n because_o the_o sun_n in_o sundry_a point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a become_v vertical_a unto_o divers_a place_n and_o acquire_v also_o a_o moderate_a distance_n from_o those_o place_n in_o many_o place_n 4._o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n have_v something_o peculiar_a which_o lie_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o eight_o degree_n of_o latitude_n as_o well_o towards_o the_o north_n as_o south_n for_o the_o sun_n by_o his_o proper_a motion_n or_o by_o his_o access_n or_o recess_n make_v two_o summer_n in_o they_o two_o spring_n but_o yet_o but_o one_o autumn_n and_o one_o winter_n and_o that_o by_o a_o confuse_a kind_n of_o order_n viz._n this_o the_o spring_n the_o summer_n the_o spring_n the_o summer_n again_o then_o autumn_n and_o then_o winter_n latitude_n the_o place_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n have_v something_o peculiar_a to_o they_o which_o lie_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o 8_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o paradox_n be_v because_o the_o sun_n recede_v from_o the_o vertices_fw-la of_o those_o place_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o 8_o degree_n of_o the_o boreal_a or_o northern_a latitude_n where_o it_o make_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o first_o summer_n and_o go_v forward_o towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o cancer_n it_o acquire_v here_o a_o a_o moderate_a distance_n when_o it_o return_v from_o the_o vertices_fw-la towards_o those_o vertices_fw-la it_o shall_v not_o make_v autumn_n after_o that_o first_o summer_n but_o another_o spring_n see_v that_o it_o make_v the_o first_o before_o it_o begin_v the_o first_o summer_n where_o it_o obtain_v a_o mean_a distance_n between_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n for_o example_n let_v we_o take_v a_o place_n which_o be_v four_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la because_o therefore_o also_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o ten_o degree_n of_o aries_n decline_v and_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la four_o degree_n therefore_o he_o be_v in_o the_o ten_o of_o aries_n shall_v cause_v the_o beginning_n of_o summer_n in_o that_o place_n moreover_o the_o great_a distance_n which_o this_o place_n can_v have_v in_o the_o meridies_n be_v 27_o degree_n 30_o minute_n viz._n in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n where_o his_o declination_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v 30_o minnte_n 23_o degree_n to_o which_o let_v the_o northerm_n distance_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la 4_o degree_n be_v add_v therefore_o see_v his_o mean_a distance_n be_v 0_o degree_n let_v 0_o degree_n be_v his_o middle_a distance_n 13_o degree_n 45_o minute_n wherefore_o when_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o place_n take_v or_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o place_n 13_o degree_n 45_o minute_n then_o the_o sun_n shall_v make_v either_o spring_n or_o autumn_n in_o that_o place_n the_o spring_n if_o the_o sun_n be_v move_v from_o those_o point_n towards_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n but_o autumn_n if_o the_o sun_n tend_v from_o that_o point_n to_o a_o remote_a distance_n now_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o place_n assume_v 13_o degree_n 45_o minute_n be_v find_v to_o be_v four_o to_o wit_n the_o 25_o degree_n of_o libra_n the_o 3d_o degree_n of_o gemini_fw-la the_o 27_o of_o cancer_n and_o the_o 5_o of_o pisces_fw-la which_o be_v prove_v from_o the_o declination_n of_o these_o point_n because_o that_o therefore_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o the_o five_o degree_n of_o pisces_fw-la from_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n acquire_v here_o a_o middle_a distance_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n assume_v and_o tend_v towards_o the_o place_n he_o shall_v then_o make_v viz._n he_o be_v in_o the_o five_o degree_n of_o pisces_fw-la the_o beginning_n of_o the_o spring_n in_o that_o place_n which_o spring_n shall_v continue_v until_o the_o sun_n do_v come_v to_o the_o ten_o of_o aries_n where_o he_o shall_v become_v vertical_a to_o the_o place_n and_o that_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o summer_n when_o the_o sun_n by_o his_o motion_n have_v depart_v from_o the_o place_n to_o the_o three_o of_o gemini_fw-la again_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o moderate_a distance_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o meridies_n viz._n 13_o degree_n 45_o minute_n and_o then_o shall_v that_o summer_n have_v a_o end_n and_o the_o spring_n begin_v not_o the_o autumn_n because_o that_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o tend_v to_o the_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la from_o the_o three_o of_o gemini_fw-la but_o return_v to_o the_o least_o viz._n whilst_o he_o move_v through_o cancer_n and_o leo_n he_o come_v to_o the_o twenty_o of_o virgo_fw-la for_o then_o again_o he_o become_v vertical_a to_o the_o
again_o opposite_a four_o day_n of_o the_o year_n in_o two_o of_o which_o the_o sun_n shall_v obtain_v a_o middle_a distance_n from_o the_o place_n give_v if_o therefore_o the_o place_n give_v be_v north_n take_v two_o of_o those_o four_o day_n whereof_o one_o happen_v between_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n this_o shall_v be_v the_o entrance_n of_o the_o spring_n the_o other_o between_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n this_o shall_v be_v the_o entrance_n of_o autumn_n but_o if_o the_o place_n give_v be_v south_n from_o those_o four_o day_n you_o must_v take_v the_o day_n between_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n for_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o for_o the_o begin_n of_o autumn_n that_o which_o happen_v between_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n the_o beginning_n of_o winter_n shall_v be_v the_o 21_o of_o june_n if_o the_o place_n be_v south_n but_o if_o north_n the_o 21_o of_o december_n 3._o if_o the_o place_n give_v be_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o eight_o degree_n of_o latitude_n it_o shall_v have_v two_o summer_n and_o two_o spring_n season_n beside_o autumn_n and_o winter_n except_o peradventure_o we_o will_v cast_v away_o that_o second_o spring_n which_o be_v intermedial_a between_o the_o two_o summer_n as_o we_o say_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o precede_a proposition_n and_o attribute_v a_o continual_a summer_n to_o that_o time_n which_o if_o you_o do_v we_o must_v act_v no_o otherwise_o with_o the_o give_v place_n than_o in_o the_o former_a mode_n if_o we_o will_v attribute_v two_o summer_n and_o two_o spring_n to_o it_o as_o the_o definition_n of_o summer_n and_o spring_n accurate_o observe_v do_v require_v we_o shall_v first_o act_v by_o the_o first_o mode_n as_o in_o the_o former_a theorem_n viz._n we_o shall_v find_v the_o entrance_n of_o summer_n and_o winter_n and_o except_v the_o four_o day_n of_o moderate_a distance_n find_v in_o the_o table_n of_o those_o four_o those_o two_o which_o we_o advise_v to_o take_v in_o the_o former_a mode_n for_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n here_o again_o we_o shall_v take_v on_o the_o same_o condition_n but_o of_o the_o other_o two_o day_n that_o only_o which_o be_v proximate_a to_o the_o day_n of_o the_o summer_n shall_v be_v take_v for_o this_o will_v show_v the_o end_n of_o the_o summer_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o second_o spring_n but_o for_o the_o day_n of_o the_o second_o summer_n another_o day_n of_o the_o three_o remain_v shall_v be_v take_v in_o that_o area_n from_o which_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o first_o summer_n be_v take_v viz._n that_o which_o be_v distant_a by_o a_o equal_a number_n of_o day_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o capricorn_n if_o the_o place_n be_v south_n the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o summer_n so_o the_o day_n shall_v be_v find_v in_o which_o the_o summer_n the_o spring_n autumn_n and_o the_o winter_n do_v begin_v and_o end_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a stone_n proposition_n v._o in_o the_o place_n in_o the_o temperate_a and_o frigid_a zone_n the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n be_v almost_o equal_a or_o consist_v of_o a_o equal_a number_n of_o day_n but_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n they_o be_v unequal_a neither_o be_v only_o the_o time_n of_o the_o divers_a season_n unequal_a but_o also_o the_o time_n of_o the_o season_n in_o the_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o zone_n be_v unequal_a equal_a the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n in_o the_o place_n in_o the_o temperate_a and_o frigid_a zone_n be_v equal_a 1._o for_o the_o place_n of_o the_o temperate_a and_o frigid_a zone_n what_o i_o have_v say_v be_v easy_o demonstrate_v for_o see_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o every_o time_n of_o those_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o year_n run_v through_o three_o sign_n therefore_o the_o time_n of_o the_o spring_n summer_n autumn_n and_o the_o winter_n shall_v be_v equal_a or_o of_o equal_a day_n except_o some_o day_n viz._n five_o in_o which_o the_o summer_n and_o four_o in_o which_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o northern_a place_n exceed_v the_o autumn_n and_o the_o winter_n but_o in_o the_o southern_a place_n it_o be_v otherwise_o for_o autumn_n and_o winter_n exceed_v the_o spring_n and_o summer_n which_o as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o proceed_v from_o the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o sun_n 2._o in_o place_n lie_v under_o the_o aequator_fw-la there_o be_v two_o summer_n as_o also_o other_o season_n but_o hoth_v short_a as_o also_o both_o the_o spring_n viz._n each_o summer_n and_o each_o spring_n have_v only_o 32_o day_n which_o be_v 64_o day_n but_o the_o autumn_n and_o winter_n be_v long_o viz._n 55_o day_n which_o be_v 110_o day_n 3._o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n by_o how_o much_o the_o less_o they_o be_v remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o they_o have_v the_o long_a summer_n the_o less_o winter_n and_o more_o or_o less_o moderate_a autumn_n and_o spring_n for_o in_o place_n not_o remote_a above_o 10_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o summer_n continue_v six_o month_n now_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o summer_n autumn_n winter_n and_o spring_n be_v know_v by_o the_o precede_a proposition_n what_o have_v hitherto_o be_v say_v be_v only_o to_o be_v understand_v concern_v the_o celestial_a season_n that_o be_v those_o which_o depend_v on_o a_o celestial_a cause_n or_o from_o the_o access_n or_o recess_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o from_o this_o alone_o come_v not_o light_n heat_n and_o cold_a as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o some_o place_n before_o therefore_o we_o shall_v consider_v the_o other_o cause_n in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n vi_o in_o place_n of_o the_o tornid_a zone_n as_o the_o sun_n by_o day_n be_v very_o near_o the_o vertex_fw-la so_o on_o the_o contrary_a by_o night_n he_o be_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n zone_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a frigid_a and_o temperate_a zone_n and_o very_o much_o remove_v from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o those_o place_n so_o that_o those_o place_n by_o night_n lie_v almost_o in_o the_o middle_a shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n neither_o can_v the_o air_n possible_o any_o way_n be_v warm_v by_o the_o sun_n ray_n by_o frequent_a reflection_n in_o place_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n as_o the_o sun_n by_o day_n be_v not_o very_o nigh_o the_o vertex_fw-la so_o by_o night_n he_o do_v not_o profound_o remain_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n but_o for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o night_n do_v so_o turn_v round_o beneath_o the_o horizon_n that_o many_o ray_n from_o he_o by_o reflection_n do_v penetrate_v into_o the_o air._n in_o place_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n as_o the_o sun_n by_o day_n come_v to_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o those_o place_n by_o a_o moderate_a vicinity_n so_o by_o night_n by_o a_o easy_a distance_n he_o be_v depress_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n so_o that_o some_o ray_n at_o least_o be_v in_o the_o air._n to_o show_v this_o by_o the_o globe_n first_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o some_o place_n situate_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o rather_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v place_v in_o the_o horizon_n itself_o that_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la may_v be_v in_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o horizon_n or_o that_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n may_v become_v the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la then_o consider_v the_o depression_n of_o the_o parallel_n which_o the_o sun_n describe_v by_o his_o circumrotation_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o member_n of_o this_o proposition_n will_v appear_v then_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o place_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n or_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v place_v in_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o libra_n to_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n be_v consider_v it_o will_v again_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o be_v very_o little_o depress_v below_o the_o horizon_n and_o so_o we_o have_v show_v the_o second_o member_n or_o part_n of_o this_o proposition_n last_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o any_o place_n situate_v in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n and_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o parallel_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n again_o be_v consider_v the_o three_o part_n of_o this_o proposition_n will_v be_v prove_v proposition_n vii_o a_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o globe_n and_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n to_o find_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o crepusculum_fw-la or_o twilight_n in_o the_o place_n give_v at_o the_o day_n give_v that_o time_n be_v
distance_n from_o the_o place_n assume_v the_o spring_n when_o he_o go_v from_o a_o point_n of_o moderate_a distance_n towards_o the_o very_a vertex_fw-la of_o the_o pole_n or_o to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o be_v vertical_a to_o the_o place_n or_o to_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o place_n the_o summer_n where_o the_o sun_n go_v from_o this_o other_o point_n of_o middle_a distance_n to_o a_o point_n of_o great_a distance_n that_o be_v the_o first_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n or_o cancer_n 2._o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la itself_o the_o sun_n no_o day_n of_o the_o year_n remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n more_o or_o less_o hour_n than_o twelve_o and_o so_o many_o beneath_o the_o horizon_n in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n one_o hour_n or_o a_o hour_n and_o a_o half_a at_o the_o most_o viz._n in_o the_o extreme_a place_n of_o this_o zone_n about_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n when_o the_o day_n be_v at_o the_o long_a the_o sun_n remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n twelve_o hour_n and_o in_o the_o short_a day_n about_o eleven_o hour_n and_o in_o the_o intermedial_a day_n that_o time_n of_o the_o stay_n of_o the_o sum_n above_o and_o beneath_o the_o horizon_n do_v not_o much_o differ_v from_o twelve_o hour_n and_o therefore_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o night_n be_v not_o without_o cold_a and_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o day_n continue_v not_o long_o about_o the_o eveningtide_n 3._o in_o the_o night_n time_n the_o sun_n be_v profound_o depress_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n for_o that_o he_o illustrate_v the_o air_n with_o none_o of_o his_o ray_n nay_o not_o reflex_n this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o most_o dark_a night_n be_v there_o and_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o night_n be_v augment_v the_o air_n be_v condense_v and_o contract_v itself_o and_o be_v cold_a it_o descend_v towards_o the_o earth_n by_o its_o own_o ponderosity_n moreover_o in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n about_o the_o space_n of_o half_a a_o hour_n before_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o after_o his_o set_n those_o place_n have_v the_o light_n and_o heat_n of_o the_o twilight_n 4_o the_o moon_n almost_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o sun_n ascend_v direct_o from_o the_o horizon_n towards_o the_o meridian_n of_o those_o place_n yet_o a_o little_a more_o oblique_o because_o it_o depart_v from_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o therefore_o towards_o the_o torrid_a zone_n about_o five_o degree_n and_o it_o remain_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o sun_n a_o little_a above_o twelve_o hour_n above_o the_o horizon_n and_o be_v depress_v beneath_o it_o almost_o so_o many_o hour_n and_o that_o profound_o as_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o sun_n therefore_o with_o her_o direct_a ray_n or_o those_o near_a to_o the_o perpendicular_a she_o will_v augment_v the_o warmness_n of_o the_o night_n especial_o when_o she_o be_v vertical_a to_o any_o place_n and_o diminish_v it_o by_o her_o recess_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o her_o short_a stay_n above_o the_o horizon_n the_o effect_n of_o it_o be_v little_o discern_v in_o any_o place_n except_o when_o it_o be_v vertical_a to_o it_o 5._o all_o the_o star_n arise_v and_o set_v in_o place_n nigh_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o those_o star_n which_o be_v near_o the_o pole_n in_o place_n more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la do_v not_o arise_v and_o those_o be_v but_o very_o few_o and_o therefore_o they_o can_v cause_v little_a heat_n and_o light_n and_o that_o also_o insensible_a in_o the_o air._n 6._o in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n as_o in_o india_n and_o its_o isle_n in_o the_o tongue_n of_o africa_n and_o in_o mexico_n the_o earth_n be_v sulphureous_a which_o send_v forth_o more_o calid_a vapour_n whence_o it_o communicate_v a_o certain_a heat_n to_o the_o air_n and_o a_o peculiar_a property_n in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v sandy_a as_o in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o africa_n lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n in_o part_n of_o lybia_n and_o the_o land_n of_o the_o negro_n in_o many_o place_n of_o arabia_n in_o peru_n and_o in_o the_o place_n between_o peru_n and_o brazilia_n whence_o in_o these_o place_n a_o very_a great_a heat_n be_v raise_v by_o the_o sun_n because_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o sand_n do_v very_o long_o retain_v the_o heat_n receive_v from_o the_o sun_n and_o soon_o communicate_v the_o same_o to_o the_o vicine_fw-la air._n in_o other_o place_n the_o river_n be_v many_o and_o in_o those_o sandy_a one_o few_o there_o be_v many_o in_o abyssine_n in_o guiney_n congo_n india_n and_o in_o brazilia_n hence_o humid_a vapour_n be_v raise_v which_o do_v very_o much_o blunt_v the_o force_n of_o the_o sun_n ray_n and_o render_v his_o heat_n more_o tolerable_a 7._o the_o most_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n have_v the_o sea_n adjacent_a as_o india_n and_o its_o isle_n the_o tongue_n of_o africa_n guiney_n brazilia_n peru_n mexico_n some_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v mediterranean_n as_o the_o more_o inward_a africa_n the_o region_n between_o peru_n and_o brazilia_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o those_o place_n the_o heat_n and_o drought_n be_v great_a and_o in_o some_o or_o most_o of_o they_o the_o air_n be_v more_o moist_a and_o less_o fervent_a than_o can_v be_v cause_v by_o the_o sun_n except_o other_o cause_n happen_v 8._o most_o of_o the_o region_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n see_v that_o they_o be_v almost_o encompass_v by_o the_o sea_n have_v in_o the_o middle_a place_n more_o or_o lesser_a ridge_n of_o exceed_v high_a mountain_n as_o india_n and_o its_o isle_n the_o tongue_n of_o africa_n and_o peru_n these_o row_n of_o mountain_n do_v very_o much_o vary_v the_o light_n heat_n and_o ray_n of_o those_o place_n somewhere_o they_o hinder_v the_o oriental_a ray_n of_o the_o sun_n otherwhere_o the_o occidental_a moreover_o the_o humid_a vapour_n condense_v in_o the_o air_n be_v move_v to_o the_o vertices_fw-la of_o these_o mountain_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o twenty_o chapter_n whence_o rain_n and_o cloud_n proceed_v by_o which_o the_o heat_n and_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v very_o much_o obstruct_v and_o the_o celestial_a cause_n of_o the_o season_n be_v disturb_v there_o be_v few_o of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n which_o want_v those_o ridge_n as_o the_o inward_a africa_n mexico_n and_o the_o like_a 9_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o wind_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v various_a and_o notable_a for_o a_o general_a wind_n blow_v from_o the_o side_n plagas_fw-la of_o the_o east_n or_o from_o the_o east_n continual_o towards_o the_o west_n refrigerate_v the_o maritime_a place_n which_o regard_v the_o east_n as_o brazilia_n the_o oriental_a coast_n of_o africa_n but_o not_o so_o to_o those_o towards_o the_o west_n as_o guiney_n congo_n angola_n and_o the_o coast_n of_o peru._n some_o wind_n be_v appropriate_v as_o the_o south_n in_o peru_n which_o wind_n dispel_v vapour_n towards_o the_o plaga_fw-la in_o which_o they_o blow_v some_o be_v fix_v wind_n of_o which_o we_o have_v large_o treat_v in_o the_o one_o and_o twenty_o chapter_n now_o these_o wind_n do_v very_o much_o disturb_v the_o celestial_a cause_n of_o the_o season_n for_o they_o be_v almost_o as_o equal_o constant_a and_o observe_v order_n as_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n itself_o they_o bring_v down_o the_o air_n compel_v the_o vapour_n towards_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o by_o other_o mode_n alter_v the_o season_n ten_o anniversary_n rain_n be_v in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o take_v away_o the_o celestial_a cause_n see_v that_o they_o be_v as_o equal_o constant_a as_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n itself_o for_o those_o err_v who_o suppose_v that_o this_o our_o sublunary_a orb_n observe_v all_o with_o inconstancy_n and_o without_o order_n and_o that_o the_o celestial_a only_o have_v a_o constant_a motion_n see_v that_o the_o cause_n hitherto_o speak_v of_o be_v so_o various_a to_o be_v able_a to_o cause_v the_o heat_n and_o the_o property_n of_o the_o season_n and_o in_o one_o place_n some_o be_v from_o other_o cause_n in_o another_o other_o be_v of_o force_n or_o concur_v in_o divers_a season_n of_o the_o year_n or_o mutual_o impede_fw-la one_o another_o hence_o we_o discover_v why_o the_o cause_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o season_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v so_o various_a proposition_n xi_o how_o the_o spring_n summer_n autumn_n and_o winter_n terrestrial_a do_v behave_v themselves_o and_o in_o what_o month_n of_o the_o year_n they_o commence_v in_o the_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n zone_n of_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o season_n in_o place_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n we_o have_v say_v before_o and_o especial_o in_o the_o second_o proposition_n that_o
the_o air_n than_o it_o will_v do_v without_o this_o refraction_n we_o shall_v anon_o allege_v a_o example_n of_o the_o appearancy_n of_o the_o sun_n proceed_v from_o refraction_n 4._o the_o full_a moon_n and_o near_o the_o full_a remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o many_o day_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v depress_v beneath_o it_o viz._n for_o so_o many_o more_o day_n by_o how_o much_o that_o place_n be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o high_o elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n as_o to_o cause_v any_o warmness_n but_o the_o full_a moon_n in_o those_o month_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n in_o a_o whole_a revolution_n the_o full_a moon_n be_v never_o above_o the_o horizon_n horizon_n the_o planet_n not_o always_o the_o same_o above_o horizon_n 5._o the_o fix_a star_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o always_o above_o the_o horizon_n but_o not_o the_o planet_n for_o saturn_n remain_v 15_o year_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n and_z 15_o beneath_o the_o same_o jupiter_n 6_o year_n beneath_o and_o 6_o above_o the_o same_o horizon_n mars_n 1_o year_n venus_n and_o mercury_n about_o half_a a_o year_n from_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v likely_a that_o there_o be_v great_a diversity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n and_o season_n in_o divers_a year_n 6._o the_o land_n in_o most_o place_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v stony_a rocky_a and_o as_o hard_o as_o flint_n in_o few_o place_n chalky_a sulphureous_a and_o fat_a in_o these_o place_n there_o be_v a_o moderate_a fertility_n in_o the_o other_o a_o sterility_n 7._o those_o region_n be_v encompass_v with_o the_o sea_n but_o for_o the_o mediterranean_a we_o as_o yet_o have_v no_o certain_a account_n 8._o some_o of_o the_o region_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n have_v mountain_n of_o a_o moderate_a height_n but_o most_o want_v they_o run_v on_o a_o plain_a for_o a_o long_a space_n 9_o the_o cold_a wind_n there_o frequent_o blow_v from_o the_o polary_n plaga_fw-la seldom_o the_o east_n wind_n and_o least_o of_o all_o the_o west_n in_o the_o cold_a arctic_a plaga_fw-la the_o north_n wind_n rage_n in_o the_o antarctic_a the_o south_n 10._o cloud_n and_o rain_n frequent_o perplex_v these_o region_n from_o these_o cause_n it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o collect_v what_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o season_n in_o these_o region_n be_v for_o in_o the_o winter_n time_n when_o the_o sun_n rise_v not_o for_o whole_a day_n it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n thick_a cloud_n frost_n and_o cold_a must_v render_v the_o land_n uninhabitable_a they_o be_v not_o altogether_o deprive_v of_o light_n for_o that_o time_n for_o the_o moon_n be_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o a_o long_a time_n give_v light_a and_o the_o twilight_n be_v daily_o afford_v from_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o vicine_fw-la horizon_n but_o the_o snow_n the_o stick_n close_o about_o the_o earth_n which_o can_v be_v discuss_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o therefore_o hinder_v the_o aspect_n of_o remote_a thing_n there_o be_v no_o fertility_n but_o all_o barren_a and_o uncultivated_a for_o that_o which_o some_o suppose_v by_o how_o much_o any_o region_n be_v near_a to_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o less_o it_o feel_v the_o intenseness_n of_o the_o cold_a and_o the_o field_n be_v find_v more_o fertile_a seem_v not_o probable_a to_o i_o when_o neither_o in_o nova_n zembla_n which_o be_v distant_a 16_o degree_n from_o the_o pole_n nor_o in_o spitzbirga_n which_o be_v only_o 8_o degree_n distant_a such_o a_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v but_o a_o roughness_n and_o hardness_n and_o almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n snow_n or_o at_o least_o shower_n and_o very_o cold_a wind_n neither_o be_v their_o opinion_n help_v by_o one_o example_n observe_v by_o mariner_n in_o a_o certain_a region_n 9_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o pole_n which_o most_o man_n suppose_v to_o be_v groenland_n for_o in_o this_o green_a grass_n be_v find_v and_o a_o air_n more_o warm_a than_o in_o nova_n zembla_n as_o be_v most_o certain_a the_o only_a animal_n peculiar_a to_o these_o northern_a region_n venison_n rhinoceros_n a_o kind_n of_o venison_n be_v the_o rhinoceros_n and_o this_o in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o month_n become_v exceed_o fat_a by_o feed_v on_o this_o grass_n nevertheless_o see_v that_o as_o yet_o not_o many_o region_n be_v hitherto_o find_v of_o this_o temperature_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n it_o be_v not_o expedient_a for_o we_o from_o this_o single_a example_n to_o make_v a_o general_a conjecture_n especial_o see_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o peculiar_a constitution_n be_v manifest_a for_o that_o land_n be_v full_a of_o marsh_n and_o sedgey_a and_o the_o grass_n by_o which_o the_o rhinoceros_n or_o dear_a be_v tender_v so_o fat_a be_v not_o a_o kind_n of_o terrestrial_a grass_n but_o sedge_n and_o osier_n but_o other_o herb_n be_v not_o there_o find_v or_o any_o tree_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o that_o land_n contain_v some_o fat_a and_o sulphureous_a substance_n which_o be_v mix_v which_o the_o water_n produce_v such_o a_o oil_n and_o fatten_v sedge_n but_o that_o the_o like_a earth_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o be_v observe_v but_o rather_o the_o contrary_n therefore_o in_o the_o winter_n in_o these_o place_n be_v little_a light_n but_o a_o incredible_a and_o great_a violence_n of_o cold_a snow_n shower_n and_o polary_a wind_n and_o this_o winter_n begin_v in_o the_o northern_a frigid_a zone_n when_o the_o sun_n first_o enter_v capricorn_n although_o also_o the_o autumn_n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o libra_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o capricorn_n be_v little_o different_a from_o this_o violent_a winter_n the_o spring_n indeed_o be_v less_o infest_a with_o this_o violence_n of_o the_o air_n yet_o it_o be_v without_o snow_n shower_n and_o cold_a polary_a wind_n yet_o the_o increase_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o day_n or_o rather_o the_o decrease_n of_o cold_a be_v discover_v at_o that_o time_n viz._n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o aries_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o cancer_n and_o in_o this_o vernal_a season_n or_o in_o the_o latter_a day_n of_o it_o the_o sun_n continue_v above_o the_o horizon_n in_o entire_a revolution_n and_o therefore_o then_o there_o be_v discover_v a_o moderate_a heat_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o of_o that_o force_n as_o to_o melt_v and_o dissolve_v the_o snow_n of_o all_o those_o place_n into_o water_n much_o less_o be_v it_o able_a to_o melt_v the_o ice_n whence_o mariner_n report_v that_o here_o be_v to_o be_v find_v snow_n and_o ice_n of_o a_o perpetual_a duration_n then_o the_o summer_n shall_v be_v from_o the_o go_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o cancer_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o libra_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o which_o the_o sun_n yet_o remain_v for_o whole_a day_n above_o the_o horizon_n and_o augment_v the_o heat_n by_o some_o accession_n so_o that_o june_n july_n and_o august_n be_v month_n of_o a_o tolerable_a air._n in_o some_o place_n among_o the_o mountain_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v intense_a but_o the_o shower_n and_o cloud_n do_v much_o hinder_v this_o benignity_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o especial_o the_o most_o sharp_a northern_a wind_n unto_o which_o sometime_o snow_n be_v adjoin_v so_o that_o no_o fruit_n or_o corn_n can_v here_o arrive_v to_o any_o maturity_n except_o in_o some_o place_n near_o the_o arctic_a circle_n chap._n xxvii_o of_o the_o shadow_n which_o the_o body_n erect_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o illuminate_v by_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v and_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n arise_v from_o thence_o see_v that_o the_o shadow_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o illuminate_v body_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v be_v carry_v into_o divers_a place_n and_o fall_v on_o the_o sense_n have_v much_o variety_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o man_n who_o be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o cause_n be_v strike_v with_o a_o admiration_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n divide_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v into_o three_o sort_n which_o division_n must_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o to_o its_o superficies_n so_o that_o they_o term_v some_o amphiscij_fw-la other_o heteroscij_fw-la and_o the_o rest_n periscij_fw-la the_o explication_n of_o which_o term_n see_v that_o they_o contain_v but_o small_a learning_n we_o shall_v say_v somewhat_o also_o concern_v shadow_n which_o although_o they_o do_v not_o pertain_v to_o geography_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o near_a affinity_n they_o may_v be_v propose_v in_o this_o chapter_n shadow_n of_o
that_o day_n let_v the_o place_n be_v find_v in_o which_o the_o sun_n become_v vertical_a on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n give_v according_a to_o the_o 9th_o proposition_n in_o the_o 24_o chapter_n these_o shall_v be_v the_o place_n seek_v proposition_n viii_o a_o place_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v give_v to_o find_v the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n in_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o it_o be_v periscii_n let_v the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v find_v in_o which_o the_o sun_n set_v not_o in_o the_o give_v place_n according_a to_o the_o 10_o proposition_n of_o the_o 24_o chapter_n they_o be_v the_o day_n seek_v proposition_n ix_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v give_v to_o find_v out_o the_o place_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o which_o be_v periscii_n that_o day_n so_o that_o this_o day_n be_v the_o first_o day_n let_v those_o place_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v find_v in_o which_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o day_n give_v do_v not_o first_o begin_v to_o set_v they_o shall_v be_v the_o place_n seek_v for_o proposition_n x._o in_o place_n situate_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o meridian_n shadow_n fall_v half_o the_o year_n towards_o the_o north_n the_o other_o half_o towards_o the_o south_n and_o in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o equinox_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v amphiscii_n for_o because_o the_o sun_n in_o one_o half_a of_o the_o year_n recede_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o south_n the_o other_o half_o towards_o the_o north_n the_o shadow_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o quarter_n opposite_a to_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o one_o half_a year_n the_o meridian_n shadow_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o north_n and_o the_o other_o half_a to_o the_o south_n proposition_n xi_o to_o place_v a_o plain_a above_o the_o horizontal_n plain_n of_o our_o place_n in_o which_o the_o erect_a style_n perpendicular_a may_v be_v the_o amphiscii_n for_o some_o day_n of_o the_o year_n on_o some_o day_n of_o the_o year_n the_o meridian_n shadow_n may_v be_v carry_v to_o the_o north_n on_o other_o to_o the_o south_n that_o be_v in_o which_o the_o meridian_n shadow_n may_v be_v so_o cast_v as_o in_o some_o give_a place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n let_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n give_v of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v take_v from_o the_o latitude_n of_o our_o place_n if_o the_o latitude_n be_v cognominal_a but_o if_o they_o be_v of_o a_o diverse_a species_n let_v both_o the_o latitude_n be_v add_v and_o the_o remain_a degree_n keep_v then_o in_o the_o horizontal_n plain_a the_o meridian_n line_n be_v find_v and_o also_o the_o line_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la which_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o meridian_n line_n let_v some_o plain_n be_v erect_v above_o the_o line_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la that_o it_o may_v incline_v above_o the_o horizon_n so_o many_o degree_n as_o be_v keep_v before_o the_o style_n or_o pin_n erect_v in_o this_o plain_n shall_v cast_v such_o shadow_n as_o if_o they_o be_v erect_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n proposition_n xii_o in_o the_o place_n seat_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o shadow_n of_o the_o style_n perpendicular_o erect_v in_o the_o whole_a day_n of_o the_o aequinox_n remain_v in_o one_o right_a line_n whether_o before_o noon_n â—t_z be_v continual_o cast_v into_o one_o quarter_n of_o the_o west_n or_o after_o noon_n into_o a_o quarter_n of_o the_o east_n now_o in_o the_o other_o day_n of_o the_o year_n the_o shadow_n be_v carry_v round_o into_o the_o semicircle_n aequator_fw-la of_o place_n seat_v without_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o place_n situate_v without_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n whilst_o the_o sun_n be_v move_v in_o part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o lie_v between_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o any_o place_n and_o the_o vicine_fw-la tropic_n the_o shadow_n wander_v through_o the_o lesser_a part_n of_o the_o subject_a superficies_n in_o a_o semicircle_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n whilst_o the_o sun_n be_v move_v in_o a_o more_o remote_a circle_n from_o those_o or_o the_o zodiac_n the_o shadow_n steal_v by_o the_o lesser_a superficies_n in_o a_o semicircle_n and_o the_o greaten_v whilst_o the_o sun_n run_v through_o the_o near_a semicircle_n of_o the_o zodiac_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o aequinox_n the_o shadow_n of_o a_o erect_a style_n be_v carry_v round_o in_o a_o semicircle_n in_o all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n except_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o pole_n these_o be_v all_o render_v perspicuous_a partly_o from_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o globe_n and_o partly_o from_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o diagram_n proposition_n xiii_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n whilst_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a between_o the_o vicine_fw-la tropic_n and_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o place_n in_o those_o day_n the_o shadow_n of_o the_o erect_a style_n twice_o return_v back_o and_o go_v over_o the_o line_n leave_v behind_o viz._n once_o before_o noon_n and_o once_o after_o noon_n the_o sun_n also_o in_o these_o day_n will_v seem_v to_o inflect_v his_o course_n zone_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n take_v any_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n in_o the_o globe_n and_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v according_a to_o his_o latitude_n and_o let_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o place_n be_v describe_v which_o shall_v cut_v the_o ecliptic_a in_o two_o point_n i_o say_v that_o whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v in_o the_o intercept_a arch_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a between_o this_o parallel_n and_o the_o vicine_fw-la tropic_n in_o those_o day_n the_o sun_n will_v seem_v to_o be_v twice_o retrograde_a and_o go_v over_o the_o line_n leave_v behind_o let_v any_o of_o the_o point_n of_o that_o arch_n be_v take_v and_o let_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v describe_v viz._n which_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o that_o point_n describe_v by_o diurnal_a circumvolution_n for_o example_n take_v the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n or_o capricorn_n and_o another_o of_o their_o tropic_n for_o so_o there_o will_v be_v no_o need_n of_o the_o description_n of_o a_o parallel_n until_o it_o come_v to_o the_o point_n in_o which_o the_o quadrant_n touch_v the_o parallel_n the_o sun_n be_v in_o this_o seat_n or_o in_o this_o quarter_n will_v seem_v to_o bend_v his_o course_n towards_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o shadow_n shall_v begin_v to_o be_v retrograde_a from_o the_o line_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o meridian_n line_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n if_o that_o you_o apply_v the_o quadrant_n to_o the_o occidental_a part_n of_o the_o parallel_n you_o shall_v see_v in_o that_o point_n in_o which_o the_o quadrant_n touch_v the_o parallel_n that_o the_o sun_n go_v to_o the_o quarter_n he_o have_v leave_v and_o set_v in_o that_o quarter_n in_o which_o some_o hour_n before_o he_o be_v corollary_n therefore_o it_o be_v not_o against_o nature_n that_o the_o shadow_n shall_v go_v back_o on_o sun-dials_n but_o than_o it_o be_v miraculous_a if_o that_o it_o be_v do_v sudden_o in_o a_o note_a space_n also_o if_o it_o repeat_v the_o lineary_a hour_n viz._n if_o that_o the_o style_n be_v not_o perpendicular_a but_o parallel_n to_o the_o mundane_a axletree_n yea_o although_o it_o be_v perpendicular_a yet_o do_v not_o the_o line_n of_o the_o shadow_n itself_o show_v the_o hour_n but_o the_o line_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n part_n of_o which_o be_v conceal_v in_o the_o mind_n on_o the_o dial_n if_o that_o it_o be_v want_v proposition_n fourteen_o a_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o one_o day_n of_o those_o in_o which_o the_o sun_n seem_v to_o bend_v his_o course_n and_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o style_n seem_v to_o go_v back_o to_o find_v the_o quarter_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n then_o shall_v be_v and_o the_o hour_n when_o it_o shall_v be_v let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n give_v and_o let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v find_v at_o the_o give_v day_n and_o let_v it_o be_v note_v in_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o let_v the_o parallel_n be_v describe_v with_o chalk_n which_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o that_o point_n describe_v let_v the_o quadrant_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o vertex_fw-la and_o so_o turn_v about_o until_o it_o touch_v the_o describe_v parallel_n so_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o quadrant_n in_o the_o horizon_n shall_v show_v the_o place_n seek_v for_o now_o that_o the_o hour_n may_v be_v find_v let_v that_o point_n of_o the_o parallel_n be_v note_v in_o which_o the_o contact_n be_v make_v let_v the_o index_n be_v place_v at_o the_o twelve_o
place_n and_o situation_n and_o therefore_o very_a unlike_o figure_n arise_v thence_o in_o the_o table_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o according_a to_o the_o various_a situation_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o we_o attribute_v to_o it_o without_o the_o earth_n or_o without_o that_o part_n which_o it_o ought_v to_o represent_v there_o arise_v a_o various_a representation_n of_o that_o superficies_n on_o the_o table_n for_o as_o there_o exi_v another_o sort_n of_o frontispiece_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o a_o house_n when_o the_o eye_n may_v behold_v it_o from_o a_o situation_n direct_o opposite_a another_o from_o a_o oblique_a situation_n another_o from_o a_o upper_a place_n another_o from_o a_o long_a place_n and_o so_o change_v according_a to_o the_o various_a situation_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o tutor_n may_v explain_v by_o diagram_n so_o there_o arise_v a_o different_a position_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v represent_v on_o the_o table_n if_o that_o the_o eye_n be_v so_o constitute_v or_o conceive_v in_o the_o air_n in_o such_o a_o situation_n that_o it_o may_v hang_v over_o the_o aequator_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n and_o otherwise_o if_o that_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o exist_v in_o the_o pretend_a axis_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o in_o the_o semi-axis_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n and_o otherwise_o if_o it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v eminent_a over_o any_o other_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o both_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o parallel_n as_o well_o as_o the_o meridian_n obtain_v various_a representation_n because_o the_o ray_n draw_v from_o they_o exist_v in_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o eye_n perforate_v the_o table_n in_o divers_a point_n endue_v with_o a_o various_a situation_n which_o the_o reader_n may_v easy_o understand_v profitable_a the_o direction_n of_o a_o tutor_n very_o profitable_a if_o that_o they_o have_v the_o live_a information_n and_o direction_n of_o a_o tutor_n the_o other_o which_o i_o esteem_v fit_a for_o the_o reader_n consideration_n in_o this_o method_n for_o his_o better_a understanding_n be_v concern_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o variety_n in_o the_o magnitude_n of_o table_n and_o representation_n for_o we_o can_v show_v the_o same_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o body_n of_o the_o world_n as_o temple_n house_n and_o the_o like_a on_o a_o great_a or_o small_a table_n the_o cause_n be_v twofold_a first_o by_o how_o much_o the_o eye_n be_v place_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o earth_n or_o any_o object_n by_o so_o much_o the_o representation_n receive_v the_o lesser_a magnitude_n ziz_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o table_n or_o glass_n so_o remain_v 2._o how_o much_o the_o table_n or_o glass_n in_o which_o the_o representation_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o the_o perforation_n of_o the_o ray_n be_v near_o move_v to_o the_o eye_n by_o so_o much_o the_o representation_n or_o projecture_n receive_v the_o lesser_a form_n by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o to_o the_o object_n so_o much_o the_o great_a but_o if_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v remove_v in_o any_o kind_n from_o the_o object_n the_o table_n remain_v so_o that_o it_o be_v remove_v in_o the_o same_o line_n with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o so_o that_o it_o remain_v in_o one_o perpendicular_a line_n to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o projecture_n be_v not_o change_v but_o only_o the_o magnitude_n the_o similitude_n remain_v so_o also_o if_o that_o the_o table_n be_v any_o way_n move_v to_o the_o eye_n or_o remove_v towards_o the_o object_n all_o the_o projecture_n do_v become_v of_o a_o divers_a magnitude_n yet_o they_o remain_v mutual_o alike_o and_o represent_v all_o the_o place_n in_o a_o like_a situation_n so_o that_o the_o table_n shall_v observe_v the_o parallel_n situate_v from_o the_o eye_n in_o his_o access_n and_o recess_n but_o if_o the_o table_n receive_v another_o position_n and_o also_o if_o the_o eye_n be_v not_o only_o remove_v but_o also_o recede_v from_o that_o perpendicular_a line_n than_o the_o like_a projecture_n shall_v not_o arise_v and_o the_o place_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o like_a situation_n on_o the_o earth_n but_o beside_o a_o various_a magnitude_n there_o shall_v also_o be_v a_o notable_a dissimilitude_n in_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n one_o to_o the_o other_o but_o in_o the_o projecture_n of_o all_o body_n as_o also_o in_o the_o projecture_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v so_o wont_a to_o happen_v that_o we_o attribute_v such_o a_o situation_n to_o the_o table_n or_o glass_n that_o it_o may_v touch_v the_o body_n or_o superficies_n in_o that_o point_n to_o which_o the_o line_n draw_v be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o body_n or_o which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o to_o obtain_v the_o lesser_a or_o great_a projecture_n we_o remove_v the_o point_n of_o the_o eye_n more_o or_o less_o from_o the_o earth_n but_o then_o we_o conceive_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v very_o small_a this_o in_o general_a be_v explain_v concern_v the_o projecture_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o original_a of_o geographical_a map_n we_o shall_v show_v the_o method_n of_o do_v it_o where_o first_o we_o shall_v show_v whether_o these_o table_n shall_v be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n and_o whether_o all_o may_v be_v make_v according_a to_o they_o for_o the_o end_n of_o these_o table_n or_o map_n be_v to_o the_o life_n and_o exact_o as_o may_v be_v to_o express_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o it_o be_v demand_v and_o that_o not_o unadvised_o whether_o this_o may_v be_v do_v by_o another_o method_n which_o observe_v not_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n for_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n or_o contrary_a to_o they_o so_o that_o it_o exact_o represent_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n the_o table_n shall_v be_v account_v to_o be_v well_o do_v to_o that_o i_o answer_v that_o although_o certain_a table_n of_o some_o small_a province_n may_v be_v make_v and_o be_v also_o make_v by_o another_o method_n to_o wit_n by_o angle_n of_o position_n or_o also_o by_o distance_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o last_o place_n yet_o in_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o can_v be_v perform_v by_o a_o more_o commodious_a method_n than_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n although_o the_o true_a situation_n of_o the_o place_n may_v not_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o table_n make_v according_a to_o these_o rule_n map_n thing_n to_o be_v know_v about_o the_o make_n of_o these_o map_n for_o we_o must_v know_v that_o in_o make_v of_o these_o map_n we_o must_v attend_v to_o a_o threefold_a end_n 1._o that_o all_o the_o place_n must_v have_v such_o a_o situation_n and_o distance_n to_o the_o chief_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o parallel_n the_o meridian_n as_o they_o have_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o so_o that_o from_o those_o table_n the_o parallel_n of_o every_o place_n the_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la from_o the_o pole_n the_o zone_n the_o climate_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v behold_v because_o that_o from_o thence_o many_o property_n of_o the_o region_n and_o celestial_a appearance_n do_v depend_v 2._o that_o the_o magnitude_n of_o every_o region_n may_v have_v that_o proportion_n that_o they_o have_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o 3._o that_o every_o place_n may_v have_v the_o same_o situation_n to_o the_o other_o mutual_o which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o of_o these_o three_o requisite_n all_o map_n or_o table_n ought_v exact_o to_o perform_v the_o first_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n exact_o do_v because_o they_o be_v make_v from_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o place_n neither_o do_v the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n hinder_v the_o same_o but_o for_o the_o second_o they_o can_v accurate_o perform_v the_o same_o if_o that_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n be_v observe_v because_o the_o crooked_a path_n of_o the_o superficies_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o eye_n make_v the_o representation_n lesser_a in_o the_o glass_n than_o those_o part_n subject_v to_o the_o eye_n but_o yet_o that_o inequality_n be_v small_a and_o become_v insensible_a if_o that_o the_o eye_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v remote_a a_o infinite_a interval_n from_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o three_o requisite_a can_v be_v perform_v by_o no_o large_a table_n such_o be_v those_o of_o the_o whole_a earth_n also_o those_o of_o the_o 4_o quar_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o great_a province_n although_o they_o may_v accomplish_v it_o in_o the_o lesser_a region_n and_o the_o vulgar_a suppose_n
let_v they_o be_v draw_v to_o a_o c_o which_o show_v the_o semiperiphery_a of_o the_o aequator_fw-la right_a line_n parallel_v through_o every_o degree_n of_o the_o quadrant_n or_o quarter_n they_o show_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o the_o circle_n of_o latitude_n and_o the_o tropic_n and_o polary_a circle_n shall_v also_o be_v find_v out_o the_o part_n into_o which_o e_z b_o e_z d_o be_v divide_v through_o these_o that_o be_v draw_v be_v the_o meridian_n degree_n b_o d_o which_o be_v note_v 1_o 2_o 3_o and_o so_o on_o the_o same_o be_v take_v in_o the_o quadrant_n e_o a_o of_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o quadrant_n e_o c_o and_o the_o number_n 1_o 2_o 3_o be_v ascribe_v even_o to_o 180_o begin_v from_o the_o first_o point_n or_o next_o to_o the_o meridian_n b_o a_o d._n so_o the_o part_n a_o e_o c_o show_v the_o degree_n into_o which_o the_o semiperiphery_a of_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v divide_v through_o which_o the_o pole_n b_o d_o the_o semiellipsis_n must_v be_v draw_v for_o the_o meridian_n because_o through_o b_o d_o be_v the_o great_a axis_n of_o ellipsis_n which_o be_v to_o be_v draw_v but_o the_o semissis_fw-la e_o b_o or_o e_o d_o but_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o lesser_a semissis_fw-la be_v various_a in_o divers_a viz._n pair_n of_o e_o a_o intercept_v between_o e_o and_o the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o therefore_o from_o those_o give_v it_o be_v easy_a by_o a_o apt_a instrument_n to_o describe_v these_o ellipse_n which_o instrument_n be_v vulgar_a at_o this_o day_n neither_o be_v it_o difficult_a to_o make_v it_o yet_o the_o point_n of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o ellipsis_n may_v be_v easy_o find_v through_o which_o they_o must_v be_v draw_v with_o a_o free_a hand_n but_o it_o be_v better_a to_o delineate_v they_o with_o a_o instrument_n the_o circle_n of_o the_o latitude_n and_o the_o meridian_n be_v so_o describe_v all_o the_o place_n in_o this_o map_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v at_o these_o point_n in_o which_o the_o meridian_n and_o circle_n of_o latitude_n do_v meet_v and_o so_o the_o map_n shall_v be_v finish_v the_o ecliptic_a shall_v be_v represent_v by_o a_o straight_a line_n or_o by_o the_o ecliptic_a line_n by_o that_o method_n which_o we_o have_v explain_v in_o map_n of_o the_o second_o mode_n with_o little_a labour_n useful_a these_o map_n very_o useful_a map_n of_o this_o method_n be_v able_a to_o perform_v what_o the_o table_n of_o the_o precede_a modes_n do_v beside_o this_o they_o have_v this_o commodity_n that_o they_o apparent_o show_v the_o decrease_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o latitude_n in_o magnitude_n towards_o the_o pole_n if_o the_o division_n h_o g_o and_z h_z k_o can_v be_v make_v through_o the_o stroke_n of_o the_o line_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a distance_n of_o the_o eye_n d_o it_o will_v be_v easy_a by_o calculation_n to_o find_v out_o the_o parallel_n for_o every_o degree_n viz._n according_a to_o this_o proportion_n as_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o eye_n take_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o sinus_n of_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o be_v represent_v have_v themselves_o to_o the_o sinus_n of_o the_o same_o arch_n so_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o eye_n from_o the_o table_n to_o part_v the_o line_n h_o c_o or_o h_n k_o which_o shall_v only_o represent_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la for_o example_n let_v we_o put_v the_o eye_n d_o to_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n e_o 200_o semidiameter_n of_o it_o but_o the_o table_n or_o glass_n h_n k_o 100_o semidiameter_n therefore_o d_o e_z shall_v be_v 200_o and_o d_o h_n 100_o of_o such_o as_o e_z b_o or_o e_z a_o e_o c_o be_v 1._o we_o shall_v find_v first_o the_o longitude_n of_o g_o h_n k_o which_o ought_v to_o represent_v the_o semiperiphery_a of_o the_o aequator_fw-la a_o b_o c_o in_o this_o distance_n of_o the_o eye_n or_o glass_n and_o it_o shall_v be_v thus_o as_o d_o e_z be_v to_z e_z a_o so_o be_v d_o h_n to_z h_z s_n or_o h_n k._n 200_o 100_o 1_o to_o the_o semidiamiter_n of_o the_o earth_n ½_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a h_n k_o or_o h_n g_o oughts_z to_o be_v of_o half_a the_o longitude_n of_o the_o semidiamiter_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o in_o truth_n be_v over_o vast_a when_o we_o can_v exhibit_v no_o such_o line_n on_o any_o plain_a therefore_o for_o the_o earth_n itself_o we_o conceive_v a_o little_a earth_n or_o globe_n terrestrial_a lesser_a than_o usual_a who_o semidiameter_n if_o that_o it_o be_v of_o 2_o foot_n h_z g_z or_o h_n k_o shall_v be_v of_o 1_o foot_n viz._n if_o that_o the_o eye_n be_v put_v 200_o foot_n remote_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o that_o little_a earth_n but_o the_o glass_n 100_o but_o if_o you_o desire_v to_o know_v how_o much_o distance_n the_o eye_n ought_v to_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o very_a earth_n that_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la e_o a_o or_o e_o c_o may_v make_v the_o projecture_n h_o c_o of_o give_v magnitude_n for_o example_n of_o 1_o foot_n the_o semidiamiter_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la that_o be_v the_o semissis_fw-la of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v 19598300_o that_o may_v be_v find_v by_o this_o proportion_n yet_o suppose_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o glass_n from_o the_o eye_n viz._n h_o d_o 10000_o as_o h_n g_o to_z d_o h_n so_z e_z a_o to_z d_o e._n mile_n a_o holland_n mile_n 1_o to_o 100000_o so_o 19598300_o to_o 1959830000000_o foot_n wherefore_o 18000_o make_v a_o holland_n mile_n a_o vast_a distance_n but_o in_o practice_n we_o take_v not_o the_o earth_n its_o self_n but_o its_o type_n or_o little_a earth_n from_o which_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o suppose_v the_o eye_n remove_v by_o so_o great_a a_o interval_n but_o the_o projecture_n therefore_o be_v not_o vary_v the_o eight_o mode_n in_o which_o any_o give_a place_n in_o the_o earth_n receive_v the_o centre_n or_o middle_a place_n of_o the_o map_n if_o you_o please_v to_o have_v a_o map_n in_o which_o the_o situation_n of_o all_o place_n to_o our_o place_n or_o to_o any_o give_a place_n as_o also_o the_o distance_n of_o they_o from_o our_o place_n may_v be_v behold_v and_o find_v out_o a_o method_n be_v discover_v by_o which_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v so_o represent_v that_o any_o give_v place_n of_o it_o may_v possess_v the_o middle_a place_n or_o centre_n of_o the_o map_n and_o the_o other_o place_n may_v lie_v about_o it_o as_o a_o centre_n such_o map_n those_o people_n affect_v earth_n the_o chinese_n and_o ancient_a jew_n suppose_v their_o country_n to_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o be_v delight_v with_o a_o vain_a opinion_n that_o their_o country_n be_v situate_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n as_o the_o chineses_n and_o likewise_o the_o jew_n in_o time_n past_a but_o to_o describe_v such_o a_o map_n let_v we_o take_v london_n to_o possess_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o map_n we_o take_v his_o latitude_n or_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o '_o pole_n to_o be_v the_o 51_o ½_n degree_n the_o eye_n be_v place_v in_o the_o point_n opposite_a to_o the_o vertex_fw-la or_o in_o the_o nadir_n of_o the_o place_n the_o table_n or_o glass_n be_v the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n or_o another_o parallel_n to_o it_o if_o you_o please_v to_o represent_v a_o large_a portion_n than_o the_o hemisphere_n which_o be_v more_o commodious_a in_o this_o method_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o plain_a at_o least_o may_v pass_v through_o the_o depress_v pole_n therefore_o in_o the_o plain_a let_v the_o centre_n e_o be_v take_v for_o london_n and_o the_o describe_v periphery_n a_o b_o c_o d_o which_o show_v the_o horizon_n must_v be_v divide_v into_o four_o quarter_n and_o every_o one_o of_o these_o into_o 90_o degrre_n let_v the_o diameter_n b_o d_o be_v the_o meridian_n line_n b_o the_o north_n pole_n d_o the_o south_n diameter_n and_o the_o line_n of_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v aequinoctial_a show_v the_o primary_n vertical_a a_o the_o occident_n c_o the_o oriental_a cardo_n or_o show_v the_o place_n which_o be_v distant_a 90_o degree_n in_o the_o primary_n vertical_a point_n all_o the_o vertical_a point_n be_v represent_v in_o straight_a line_n draw_v through_o the_o centre_n e_o to_o every_o degree_n of_o the_o horizon_n but_o to_o shun_v confusion_n it_o be_v better_a to_o omit_v they_o and_o to_o adjoyn_v a_o circumductile_a rule_n to_o the_o paxil_n affix_v in_o e._n then_o let_v b_o d_o be_v divide_v into_o 180_o degree_n as_o in_o the_o former_a mode_n by_o draw_v right_a line_n from_o a_o to_o every_o degree_n of_o the_o semiperiphery_n b_o c_o d._n that_o point_n
wax_n commodity_n commodity_n and_o excellent_a warlike_a horse_n who_o mane_n be_v say_v to_o hang_v down_o to_o their_o foot_n their_o fruit_n be_v good_a and_o in_o great_a plenty_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v enrich_v with_o mine_n of_o several_a metal_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o northern_a temperate_a zone_n between_o the_o seven_o and_o 10_o climate_n which_o make_v the_o long_a day_n to_o be_v 17_o hour_n people_n it_o be_v people_n the_o people_n be_v well_o make_v and_o proportionate_a they_o be_v headstrong_a resolute_a in_o their_o opinion_n and_o of_o no_o ready_a wit_n they_o use_v the_o sclavonian_a language_n they_o be_v christian_n and_o follow_v the_o greek_a church_n the_o kingdom_n at_o present_a be_v divide_v into_o several_a province_n as_o in_o the_o geographical_a table_n of_o turkey_n in_o europe_n be_v set_v down_o all_o which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o grand_a signior_n transilvania_n province_n of_o transilvania_n the_o province_n of_o transilvania_n have_v for_o its_o chief_a place_n 1._o waranine_n far_o engage_v towards_o the_o west_n and_o it_o be_v a_o frontier_n town_n to_o hungaria_n and_o of_o some_o account_n and_o strength_n 2._o hermensted_n more_o towards_o moldavia_n 3._o weisenburg_n 4._o burges_n 5._o and_o hanyad_n bosnia_n province_n of_o bosnia_n the_o province_n of_o bosnia_n have_v for_o its_o chief_a place_n 1._o saraih_o the_o metropolitan_a city_n seat_v in_o a_o fruitful_a valley_n which_o on_o the_o north_n and_o south_n side_n be_v immure_v with_o ridge_n of_o pleasant_a hill_n of_o a_o easy_a ascent_n this_o city_n be_v say_v to_o contain_v about_o 80_o mescheetoe_n and_o about_o 20000_o house_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v but_o mean_o build_v 2._o bagnialuch_v once_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o bosnian_a king_n and_o 3._o jayeza_n the_o usual_a sepulchre_n of_o those_o king_n servia_n province_n of_o servia_n the_o province_n of_o servia_n who_o chief_a city_n be_v 1._o belgrade_n once_o the_o bulwark_n of_o christendom_n valiant_o resist_v the_o power_n of_o amurath_n the_o 6_o and_o mahomet_n the_o great_a but_o yield_v to_o solyman_n anno_fw-la 1520_o when_o this_o whole_a country_n become_v a_o turkish_a province_n 2._o stonebourgh_n once_o the_o seat_n of_o its_o despot_n and_o 3._o samandria_n bulgaria_n province_n of_o bulgaria_n the_o province_n of_o bulgaria_n have_v for_o its_o chief_a place_n 1._o sofia_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o beglerbeg_n of_o greece_n under_o who_o be_v 21_o sangiac_n seat_v almost_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o long_a and_o fruitful_a valley_n beautify_v with_o many_o fair_a hanes_n and_o bath_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o have_v hot_a fountain_n it_o be_v college_n be_v magnificent_a and_o its_o mescheetoe_n be_v many_o and_o beautiful_a especial_o that_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v the_o large_a and_o here_o the_o door_n of_o the_o house_n of_o the_o christian_n and_o jew_n be_v not_o above_o 3_o foot_n high_a which_o be_v so_o make_v to_o keep_v out_o the_o turkish_a horse_n who_o will_v else_o in_o their_o travel_n make_v they_o serve_v instead_o of_o stable_n so_o great_a be_v the_o slavery_n that_o they_o live_v under_o 2._o oesco_n 3._o novi_fw-la 4._o durostoro_fw-it and_o 5._o destor_n all_o which_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o danube_n 6._o proslavia_n seat_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o one_o of_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o danube_n at_o its_o fall_n into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n 7._o calutra_n and_o 8._o varna_n both_o seat_v on_o the_o euxine_a or_o black_a sea_n moldavia_n province_n of_o moldavia_n the_o province_n of_o moldavia_n who_o chief_a place_n be_v 1._o zuccania_n once_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o vaivod_n 2._o sotzowa_o and_o 3._o lazy_a both_o good_a city_n bessarabia_n country_n of_o bessarabia_n to_o the_o province_n of_o moldavia_n do_v belong_v the_o small_a country_n of_o bessarabia_n which_o lie_v between_o podolia_n and_o bulgaria_n and_o be_v commodious_o seat_v on_o the_o black_a sea_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n be_v kherman_n or_o moncastro_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o turkish_a sargiack_a seat_v on_o the_o river_n tyras_n not_o far_o from_o its_o influx_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o 2._o kilia_n also_o seat_v on_o the_o euxine_a sea_n walachia_n province_n of_o walachia_n the_o province_n of_o walachia_n be_v divide_v from_o bulgaria_n by_o the_o danube_n and_o be_v esteem_v the_o rich_a province_n in_o all_o dacia_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n be_v 1._o targovisco_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o vajuod_n 2._o domboviza_n and_o 3._o brailonum_fw-la greece_n greece_n the_o part_n of_o greece_n the_o rest_n of_o turkey_n in_o europe_n may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o greece_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o several_a part_n to_o wit_n romania_n which_o answer_v to_o the_o ancient_a thrace_n macedonia_n who_o divers_a part_n have_v receive_v divers_a name_n as_o that_o of_o jamboli_n of_o camenolitaria_n of_o migdonia_n or_o particular_a macedonia_n albania_n and_o thessaly_n which_o be_v now_o call_v junna_n epirus_n now_o canina_n achaia_n and_o aetolla_n now_o livadia_n and_o peloponnesus_n now_o the_o morea_n bound_n its_o bound_n greece_n esteem_v the_o mother_n of_o art_n and_o science_n have_v for_o its_o eastern_a bound_n the_o egean_a sea_n the_o hellespont_n propontis_n and_o thracian_a bosphorus_n and_o for_o its_o western_a the_o adriatic_a sea_n and_o italy_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o northern_a temperate_a zone_n under_o the_o 5_o and_o 6_o climate_n the_o long_a day_n be_v 15_o hour_n commoty_n it_o be_v sertllity_n and_o commoty_n the_o soil_n without_o doubt_n be_v very_o rich_a and_o fruitful_a and_o will_v be_v very_o prositable_a to_o the_o husbandman_n if_o pain_n be_v take_v in_o till_v it_o but_o the_o great_a turk_n seize_v on_o their_o estate_n when_o and_o as_o often_o as_o he_o please_v make_v they_o careless_a to_o cultivate_v it_o yet_o here_o be_v find_v several_a good_a commodity_n which_o be_v transport_v to_o other_o place_n as_o wine_n oil_n silk_n both_o raw_a and_o wrought_v into_o severai_fw-fr manufacture_n as_o velvet_n damask_n etc._n etc._n also_o gragram_n brimstone_n copper_n vitriol_n cotton_n sope_n carpet_n cute_v currant_n cuminseed_n anniseed_n etc._n etc._n greek_n the_o ancient_n and_o present_a greek_n the_o grecian_n though_o a_o scatter_a people_n since_o the_o turk_n become_v master_n of_o their_o country_n vet_z still_o retain_v their_o name_n religion_n custom_n and_o language_n as_o indeed_o they_o do_v in_o all_o other_o place_n where_o they_o live_v they_o be_v once_o a_o nation_n so_o excellent_a that_o their_o precept_n and_o example_n do_v yet_o remain_v as_o approve_a canon_n to_o direct_v the_o mind_n to_o virtue_n they_o be_v lover_n of_o freedom_n every_o way_n noble_a in_o matter_n of_o government_n famous_a in_o arm_n glorious_a in_o art_n admirable_a and_o to_o who_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n be_v hold_v barbarian_n but_o since_o they_o become_v under_o the_o turkish_a yoke_n for_o the_o generaliay_v their_o spirit_n be_v so_o low_a that_o their_o knowledge_n be_v turn_v into_o ignorance_n their_o liberty_n into_o content_a slavery_n their_o virtue_n into_o vice_n and_o their_o industry_n in_o art_n and_o science_n into_o idleness_n they_o be_v much_o addict_v to_o drink_v and_o dance_v for_o which_o they_o have_v the_o name_n of_o merry_a greek_n they_o be_v of_o a_o good_a proportion_n and_o of_o a_o swart_a complexion_n their_o woman_n be_v well_o favour_v brown_a and_o excessive_o amorous_a in_o matter_n of_o habit_n they_o differ_v little_a from_o those_o among_o who_o they_o live_v the_o christian_a faith_n be_v here_o establish_v by_o timothy_n to_o who_o st._n paul_n write_v two_o epistle_n the_o father_n which_o this_o church_n most_o adher_v unto_o be_v chrysostom_n basil_n and_o the_o two_o gregory_n and_o the_o church_n be_v govern_v by_o patriarch_n one_o of_o constantinople_n another_o of_o alexandria_n another_o of_o jerusalem_n and_o another_o of_o antioch_n free_o exercise_v their_o religion_n which_o differ_v much_o from_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n as_o i_o shall_v in_o place_n elsewhere_o take_v notice_n oâ—_n and_o have_v every_o where_o their_o temple_n and_o monastery_n if_o a_o patriarch_n die_v another_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o synod_n of_o bishop_n breed_v famous_a man_n here_o breed_v this_o country_n have_v breed_v several_a famous_a man_n as_o alexander_z the_o subverter_n of_o the_o persian_a monarchy_n xenophon_n plutarch_n herodotus_n and_o thucydides_n famous_a historiographer_n epaminondas_n pyrrhus_n miltiades_n and_o aristides_n captain_n plato_n aristotle_n socrates_n and_o theophrastus_n divine_a philosopher_n demosthenes_n aeschines_n and_o isocrates_n eloquent_a orator_n with_o several_a other_o too_o tedious_a to_o name_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o province_n romania_n province_n of_o romania_n romania_n particular_o so_o call_v a_o country_n of_o itself_o neither_o of_o a_o rich_a soil_n nor_o pleasant_a air_n more_o
church_n and_o a_o bulky_a tall_a steeple_n on_o a_o hill_n describe_v county_n of_o surrey_n describe_v surrey_n a_o county_n of_o a_o different_a soil_n not_o over_o fertile_a especial_o in_o the_o midst_n yet_o the_o part_n near_o the_o thames_n which_o be_v plain_a and_o champain_n be_v grateful_a to_o the_o husbandman_n and_o the_o part_n call_v holmesdale_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o aspire_a hill_n rivers_n park_n meadow_n grove_n and_o field_n be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a delight_n the_o air_n be_v very_o healthful_a it_o be_v garnish_v with_o the_o seat_n of_o several_a gentleman_n and_o be_v better_a store_v with_o game_n than_o grain_n here_o be_v seat_v 140_o parish_n church_n and_o have_v the_o accommodation_n of_o 9_o market_n to_n southwark_n or_o the_o borough_n of_o southwark_n southwark_n southwark_n on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o thames_n opposite_a to_o the_o city_n of_o london_n to_o which_o it_o be_v join_v by_o a_o stately_a stone-bridge_n and_o be_v a_o member_n thereof_o be_v annex_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o six_o but_o do_v still_o enjoy_v several_a of_o its_o ancient_a privilege_n as_o elect_v burgess_n hold_v of_o court_n within_o themselves_o etc._n etc._n it_o be_v a_o place_n which_o for_o largeness_n of_o good_a building_n and_o quantity_n of_o inhabitant_n may_v be_v range_v with_o city_n enjoy_v a_o good_a trade_n and_o be_v well_o resort_v unto_o croyden_n seat_v low_o near_o the_o springhead_n of_o the_o river_n wandle_n croyden_n croyden_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n begird_v with_o aspire_a hill_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v well_o clothe_v with_o wood_n of_o which_o great_a store_n of_o charcoal_n be_v make_v for_o which_o this_o place_n be_v of_o note_n it_o be_v a_o large_a town_n dignify_v with_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n be_v beautify_v with_o a_o large_a and_o fair_a church_n have_v a_o hospital_n for_o the_o relief_n of_o poor_a people_n and_o a_o free-school_n for_o the_o education_n of_o youth_n the_o town_n be_v large_a its_o house_n well_o build_v and_o its_o market_n which_o be_v on_o saturday_n be_v considerable_a and_o well_o serve_v with_o corn_n and_o provision_n from_o this_o town_n to_o farnham_n run_v the_o down_n call_v banstead-down_n which_o afford_v great_a diversion_n for_o hawk_v hunt_v and_o horserace_n kingston_n a_o large_a and_o ancient_a town_n corporate_a kingston_n kingston_n enjoy_v large_a immunity_n and_o be_v of_o chief_a note_n for_o be_v the_o place_n where_o upon_o a_o stage_n in_o the_o open_a marketplace_n stand_v the_o chair_n of_o majesty_n where_o aethelstan_n ethelred_n and_o edwin_n be_v crown_v king_n and_o receive_v their_o imperial_a sceptre_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v say_v the_o town_n take_v its_o name_n be_v before_o call_v moreford_n it_o be_v pleasant_o seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o thames_n over_o which_o it_o have_v a_o fair_a bridge_n which_o lead_v to_o kingstonwick_n in_o middlesex_n about_o a_o mile_n from_o hampton-court_n the_o palace_n of_o his_o majesty_n its_o house_n be_v well_o build_v and_o have_v several_a inn_n and_o tavern_n it_o be_v the_o usual_a place_n for_o the_o assize_n and_o its_o market_n on_o saturdays_n be_v very_o considerable_a for_o corn_n and_o provision_n reygate_n seat_v in_o the_o vale_n of_o homes_n dale_n reygate_n reygate_n of_o note_n for_o its_o bloody_a battle_n here_o seek_v against_o the_o dane_n in_o which_o they_o be_v vanquish_v and_o also_o for_o its_o ancient_a but_o ruinate_a castle_n where_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o large_a court_n there_o be_v a_o vault_n of_o a_o great_a depth_n and_o length_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o be_v a_o spacious_a room_n where_o according_a to_o report_n the_o baron_n meet_v in_o council_n in_o their_o war_n against_o king_n john_n here_o be_v fullers-earth_n dig_v up_o in_o great_a plenty_n it_o be_v a_o large_a borough_n town_n which_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n and_o have_v a_o very_a considerable_a market_n on_o tuesdays_n be_v well_o serve_v with_o corn_n and_o provision_n not_o far_o from_o this_o town_n be_v blechingley_n and_o gatton_n two_o ancient_a borough_n town_n which_o elect_v parliament_n man_n once_o place_n of_o good_a account_n especial_o gatton_n guildford_n no_o less_o pleasant_o than_o commodious_o seat_v on_o the_o river_n wey_n guildford_n guildford_n which_o be_v navigable_a for_o barge_n very_o commodious_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o the_o conveyance_n of_o their_o good_n by_o water_n to_o london_n it_o be_v a_o ancient_a borough_n town_n govern_v by_o a_o major_n and_o other_o sub-officer_n have_v the_o election_n of_o parliament_n man_n and_o be_v a_o place_n of_o a_o large_a extent_n when_o the_o english-saxon_a king_n have_v their_o palace_n here_o than_o now_o it_o be_v yet_o be_v it_o a_o fair_a neat_a well_o build_v and_o large_a town_n contain_v three_o parish_n church_n one_o of_o which_o be_v a_o fair_a structure_n it_o be_v a_o place_n well_o inhabit_v and_o frequent_v where_o the_o assize_n be_v oft_o keep_v and_o as_o seat_v on_o a_o high-road_n be_v well_o furnish_v with_o inn_n and_o tavern_n for_o the_o reception_n of_o traveller_n and_o its_o market_n which_o be_v on_o saturday_n be_v of_o good_a account_n and_o well_o serve_v with_o corn_n and_o provision_n farnham_n farnham_n farnham_n say_v to_o be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o great_a store_n of_o fern_n here_o grow_v it_o be_v a_o good_a town_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n wey_n of_o note_n for_o be_v the_o place_n where_o king_n elfred_n with_o a_o small_a power_n subdue_v the_o dane_n with_o a_o great_a slaughter_n and_o for_o its_o spacious_a castle_n high_o seat_v it_o have_v a_o great_a market_n on_o saturdays_n for_o all_o provision_n but_o chief_o oat_n and_o barley_n describe_v county_n of_o sussex_n describe_v sussex_n a_o large_a county_n in_o form_n long_o and_o narrow_a which_o with_o its_o extent_n bound_n division_n into_o rape_n situation_n etc._n etc._n may_v appear_v by_o the_o table_n the_o air_n though_o cloud_v with_o mist_n and_o thick_a vapour_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o sea_n yet_o be_v it_o good_a and_o healthful_a it_o be_v well_o water_v with_o rivers_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n which_o wash_v its_o southern_a part_n and_o although_o its_o sea-coast_n be_v of_o so_o large_a a_o extent_n yet_o it_o be_v but_o thin_a of_o harbour_n and_o those_o not_o very_o good_a be_v dangerous_a for_o entrance_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o rock_n and_o shelf_n the_o soil_n be_v fertile_a the_o sea-coast_n call_v the_o down_n be_v hilly_a but_o very_o pleasant_a and_o feed_v good_a store_n of_o cattle_n the_o north-part_n be_v overshadow_a with_o wood_n and_o grove_n where_o in_o time_n past_a be_v that_o famous_a wood_n andradswald_n be_v about_o 120_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o 20_o in_o breadth_n and_o in_o these_o part_n be_v many_o iron-mine_n the_o commodity_n that_o this_o county_n afford_v be_v iron_n unwrought_a and_o wrought_v into_o gun_n etc._n etc._n corn_n cattle_n sheep_n wool_n and_o wood._n this_o county_n be_v sever_v into_o 6_o rape_n all_o which_o traverse_v the_o shire_n and_o have_v each_o of_o they_o their_o particular_a river_n forest_n and_o castle_n and_o in_o these_o rape_n be_v 65_o hundred_o in_o which_o be_v number_v 312_o parish_n church_n and_o be_v trade_v unto_o by_o 16_o market_n to_n in_o chichester_n rape_n be_v 7_o hundred_o and_o its_o chief_a place_n be_v chichester_n chichester_n chichester_n seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o levant_n which_o at_o a_o small_a distance_n fall_v into_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v a_o indifferent_a large_a city_n contain_v 5_o or_o 6_o parish_n church_n beside_o its_o cathedral_n it_o be_v grace_v with_o good_a building_n and_o spacious_a street_n especial_o the_o 4_o which_o lead_v from_o the_o 4_o gate_n of_o its_o wall_n and_o cross_v one_o another_o at_o the_o marketplace_n which_o be_v a_o fair_a stone-building_n sustain_v with_o stone-pillar_n it_o be_v dignify_v with_o a_o episcopal_n see_v and_o seat_n of_o a_o bishop_n it_o be_v a_o city_n endow_v with_o many_o privilege_n elect_v parliament_n man_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o major_n alderman_n recorder_n with_o sub-officer_n be_v a_o place_n of_o pretty_a good_a trade_n and_o its_o market_n on_o wednesday_n and_o saturday_n be_v well_o provide_v with_o corn_n cattle_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o provision_n both_o flesh_n fish_n and_o fowl_n nigh_o unto_o this_o city_n be_v selsey-isle_n or_o rather_o a_o peninsula_n as_o be_v almost_o encompass_v with_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o arm_n and_o branch_n at_o present_a of_o chief_a note_n for_o its_o cockle_n and_o lobster_n here_o take_v in_o great_a plenty_n but_o in_o former_a time_n be_v of_o note_n for_o its_o city_n so_o call_v now_o devour_v by_o the_o sea_n where_o there_o be_v a_o episcopal_n see_v which_o afterward_o
at_o present_v the_o turk_n possess_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n and_o keep_v still_o or_o do_v not_o long_o since_o beglerby_n at_o erzerum_n car_n revan_n van_fw-mi schildir_n tefflis_n and_o derbent_a beside_o which_o there_o be_v many_o city_n of_o considerable_a note_n some_o of_o which_o the_o persian_n hold_v 1._o place_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n erzerum_fw-la on_o the_o euphrates_n near_o the_o black_a sea_n on_o which_o and_o not_o far_o from_o erzerum_n be_v trebisonde_v which_o facilitate_v a_o great_a trade_n between_o the_o east_n west_n and_o north_n for_o come_v from_o the_o indian_a ocean_n by_o the_o gulf_n of_o ormus_n and_o so_o up_o the_o euphrates_n they_o may_v receive_v pass_v by_o what_o come_v from_o the_o west_n to_o aleppo_n and_o carry_v it_o unto_o erzerum_fw-la from_o whence_o to_o trebisonde_v by_o land_n be_v not_o above_o 25_o or_o 30_o league_n 2._o gar_z char_n or_o likewise_o chissery_n be_v four_o or_o five_o day_n journey_n from_o erzerum_n towards_o the_o east_n on_o the_o river_n euphrates_n it_o have_v be_v take_v and_o retake_v divers_a time_n by_o the_o turk_n and_o persian_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o revan_n schilder_n and_o van_n this_o last_o be_v not_o great_a but_o well_o wall_v and_o with_o great_a ditch_n and_o have_v a_o castle_n who_o situation_n be_v such_o as_o render_v it_o almost_o inaccessible_a 3._o tefflis_n be_v likewise_o in_o some_o esteem_n at_o present_a but_o much_o more_o former_o under_o the_o name_n of_o artaxata_n which_o artaxias_n father_n of_o tigranes_n king_n of_o armenia_n cause_v to_o be_v build_v and_o fortify_v at_o the_o persuasion_n of_o hannibal_n 4._o derbent_v of_o great_a antiquity_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v its_o foundation_n lay_v by_o alexander_n the_o great_a who_o also_o erect_v that_o no_o less_o great_a than_o strong_a castle_n which_o be_v call_v kastow_n adjoin_v to_o the_o say_a city_n which_o be_v the_o great_a and_o most_o ordinary_a passage_n between_o turcomania_n persia_n and_o other_o southern_a province_n of_o asia_n to_o zuire_v the_o kingdom_n of_o astracan_a and_o other_o more_o northern_a estate_n of_o europe_n and_o asia_n it_o be_v situation_n be_v upon_o the_o utmost_a mountain_n which_o regard_v the_o taberestan_a or_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o all_o be_v so_o well_o fortify_v that_o the_o turk_n have_v take_v occasion_n to_o call_v the_o place_n demir_n or_o temir_n capi_n or_o the_o port_n of_o iron_n and_o the_o name_n of_o derbent_n signify_v a_o straight_a port_n and_o in_o all_o likelihood_n these_o be_v the_o caspiae_n porte_fw-fr so_o famous_a among_o the_o ancient_n because_o that_o in_o the_o black_a sea_n and_o the_o sea_n of_o tabarestan_n which_o be_v about_o 3_o or_o 400_o thousand_o pace_n it_o be_v all_o high_a mountainous_a and_o hard_o to_o be_v pass_v and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o passage_n they_o be_v infamous_a for_o robbery_n and_o incursion_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n or_o the_o prince_n which_o possess_v they_o make_v this_o city_n be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a strength_n be_v environ_v with_o two_o strong_a wall_n and_o fortify_v with_o tower_n and_o iron-gate_n be_v account_v the_o key_n or_o inlet_n to_o persia_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n 5._o bitlis_n and_o manuscute_fw-la belong_v to_o the_o curd_n who_o have_v here_o many_o and_o divers_a lord_n better_o affect_v to_o the_o persian_n than_o the_o turk_n bitlis_n be_v between_o two_o mountain_n water_v with_o a_o river_n which_o receive_v many_o fair_a fountain_n the_o house_n be_v build_v with_o stone_n which_o be_v rare_a in_o that_o country_n other_o be_v of_o nothing_o but_o wood_n and_o earth_n the_o castle_n be_v seat_v advantageous_o but_o i_o believe_v this_o place_n be_v not_o now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o turk_n and_o to_o speak_v truth_n we_o have_v at_o present_a little_a knowledge_n of_o any_o thing_n concern_v these_o quarter_n armenia_n be_v much_o better_o know_v and_o more_o famous_a in_o ancient_a time_n than_o at_o present_a under_o the_o name_n of_o turcomania_n armenia_n the_o bound_n of_o armenia_n its_o bound_n be_v very_o advantageous_a be_v quite_o encompass_v with_o high_a mountain_n large_a river_n and_o wash_v by_o divers_a sea_n and_o seat_v northwards_o of_o the_o caspian_a mountain_n which_o divide_v it_o from_o media_n now_o call_v seruan_fw-mi armenis_fw-la the_o mountain_n of_o armenis_fw-la this_o country_n be_v well_o replenish_v with_o mountain_n valley_n river_n and_o lake_n the_o mountain_n anti-taurus_n divide_v it_o east_n and_o west_n almost_o from_o one_o extremity_n to_o the_o other_o who_o most_o eastern_o point_n be_v call_v abus_n from_o whence_o the_o euphrates_n tigris_n and_o araxes_n take_v some_o of_o their_o stream_n the_o gordian_a mountain_n pour_v forth_o the_o great_a supply_n to_o tigris_n and_o the_o pariarde_n increase_v most_o the_o stream_n of_o euphrates_n araxes_n and_o farza_n armenia_n chief_z rivers_z in_o armenia_n farza_n turn_v his_o course_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o after_o have_v pass_v colchida_n and_o press_v through_o 100_o or_o 120_o bridge_n fall_v into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n araxes_n turn_v towards_o the_o east_n water_v the_o fair_a and_o rich_a plain_n of_o armenia_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n between_o media_n and_o albania_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o euphrates_n descend_v towards_o the_o west_n but_o approach_v the_o euxine_a sea_n it_o turn_v again_o towards_o the_o south_n and_o reunite_v its_o two_o channel_n into_o one_o traverse_n the_o anti-taurus_n and_o taurus_n divide_v armenia_n and_o mesopotamia_n from_o asia_n minor_n syria_n and_o arabia_n descend_v into_o chaldea_n where_o it_o water_v the_o ancient_a babylon_n and_o lose_v itself_o in_o the_o tigris_n this_o last_o descend_v from_o mount_n abus_n and_o the_o georgian_a mountain_n fall_v into_o divers_a lake_n lose_v itself_o and_o rise_v divers_a time_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n cut_v the_o mountain_n niphates_n separate_v mesopotamia_n from_o assyria_n wash_v ninive_n seleucia_n ctesiphon_n receive_v all_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o euphrates_n and_o discharge_v itself_o in_o the_o persian_a gulf_n armenia_n lake_n of_o most_o note_n in_o armenia_n the_o great_a lake_n of_o armenia_n be_v thospitis_n areessa_n and_o lychinte_n this_o last_o be_v towards_o the_o araxes_n and_o the_o caspian_a sea_n areessa_n be_v the_o same_o that_o pliny_n and_o solinus_n call_v arethusa_n thospitis_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n be_v another_o lake_n the_o tigris_n likewise_o cross_n after_o which_o it_o lose_v itself_o the_o second_o time_n the_o first_o have_v its_o water_n so_o as_o it_o will_v take_v spot_n out_o of_o clothes_n but_o be_v not_o good_a to_o drink_v armenia_n king_n of_o eminent_a note_n in_o armenia_n among_o the_o king_n of_o armenia_n which_o make_v themselves_o most_o know_v to_o the_o roman_n or_o parthian_n tigranes_n son-in-law_n to_o mithridates_n king_n of_o pontus_n have_v be_v the_o most_o famous_a this_o tigranes_n after_o have_v be_v a_o hostage_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o parthian_n regain_v his_o estate_n by_o their_o mean_n in_o recompense_n of_o which_o he_o give_v they_o 70_o valley_n on_o the_o confine_n of_o media_n and_o assyria_n but_o after_o he_o know_v and_o have_v gather_v together_o his_o power_n he_o retake_v all_o those_o valley_n beat_v the_o parthian_n out_o of_o they_o pillage_v assyria_n as_o far_o as_o ninive_n and_o arbela_n subject_v to_o himself_o a_o part_n of_o media_n and_o afterward_o all_o mesopotamia_n syria_n phoenicia_n and_o cilicia_n but_o whilst_o he_o believe_v himself_o above_o fortune_n mithridates_n his_o father-in-law_n be_v divers_a time_n defeat_v and_o drive_v from_o his_o realm_n of_o pontus_n by_o lucullus_n and_o the_o roman_n and_o retire_v himself_o into_o armenia_n to_o his_o son-in-law_n his_o refusal_n to_o abandon_v or_o deliver_v he_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o lucullus_n draw_v the_o roman_n into_o armenia_n where_o lucullus_n several_a time_n defeat_v tigranes_n take_v tigranocerta_n where_o be_v his_o regal_a diadem_n and_o likewise_o in_o a_o great_a set-battel_n where_o tigranes_n have_v 150000_o foot_n and_o 1000_o or_o 1200_o horse_n fly_v 100000_o foot_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o cavalry_n constrain_a he_o to_o yield_v to_o the_o roman_n the_o province_n of_o cilicia_n syria_n phoenicia_n and_o mesopotamia_n and_o content_v himself_o with_o armenia_n only_o but_o for_o the_o present_n let_v we_o lay_v aside_o history_n ptolemy_n the_o division_n of_o armenia_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n ptolemy_n divide_v armenia_n into_o four_o principal_a part_n and_o allot_v to_o the_o first_o 7_o region_n or_o province_n 6_o to_o the_o second_o 3_o to_o the_o three_o and_z 4_o to_o the_o four_o place_v in_o the_o first_o part_n 30_o city_n 27_o in_o the_o second_o 12_o in_o the_o three_o and_o 18_o in_o
shadow_n the_o shadow_n receive_v their_o denomination_n from_o the_o part_n or_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n into_o which_o they_o be_v cast_v as_o the_o oriental_a shadow_n which_o tend_v into_o the_o east_n from_o the_o sun_n place_v in_o the_o west_n contrariwise_o the_o occidental_a shadow_n which_o go_v into_o the_o western_a plaga_fw-la or_o quater_fw-la but_o here_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o meridian_n shadow_n which_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o meridian_n or_o which_o be_v cast_v from_o body_n perpendicular_o erect_v or_o seat_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o meridian_n the_o sun_n then_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n and_o this_o be_v two_o fold_n viz._n northern_a and_o southern_a the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v term_v heteroscij_fw-la where_o the_o meridian_n shadow_n of_o body_n erect_v be_v constant_o carry_v all_o day_n of_o the_o year_n to_o either_o pole_n the_o periscij_fw-la be_v those_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o the_o shadow_n of_o erect_a body_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n be_v carry_v about_o into_o all_o the_o plagas_fw-la of_o the_o horizon_n or_o where_o the_o meridian_n shadow_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n be_v cast_v to_o both_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o meridian_n the_o amphiscij_fw-la be_v those_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o the_o meridian_n shadow_n of_o the_o erect_a body_n in_o some_o day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v cast_v to_o the_o north_n and_o on_o othersom_a to_o the_o south_n proposition_n i._o the_o shadow_n of_o body_n erect_v above_o the_o horizontal_n plain_a fall_v upon_o the_o quarter_n opposite_a to_o it_o in_o which_o the_o sun_n exi_v dyall_v of_o shadow_n in_o reference_n to_o optic_n and_o dyall_v those_o that_o be_v verse_v in_o the_o optic_n and_o horology_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o a_o shadow_n a_o opac_n and_o luminous_a body_n be_v in_o one_o plain_a but_o the_o term_n or_o bind_v of_o the_o shadow_n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o opac_n and_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o one_o right_a line_n for_o because_o the_o opac_n the_o shadow_n and_o line_n conceal_v from_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o opac_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o shadow_n make_v a_o triangle_n now_o every_o triangle_n be_v in_o one_o plain_a therefore_o those_o three_o line_n shall_v be_v in_o one_o plain_a the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o line_n conjoin_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o opacity_n and_o the_o shadow_n moreover_o a_o erect_a body_n be_v right_a to_o the_o horizontal_n plain_a wherefore_o the_o plain_a draw_v through_o it_o viz._n that_o of_o the_o forementioned_a triangle_n be_v also_o straight_o to_o that_o horizontal_n plain_a and_o therefore_o seat_v in_o the_o vertical_a plain_n and_o because_o a_o body_n erect_v be_v seat_v as_o it_o be_v a_o vertex_fw-la between_o the_o sun_n and_o shadow_n therefore_o the_o sun_n and_o shadow_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o opposite_a quarter_n there_o be_v three_o part_n of_o this_o shadow_n which_o the_o style_v erect_v be_v illuminate_v from_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v viz._n a_o dense_n shadow_n a_o central_n and_o a_o shadow_n which_o be_v almost_o a_o dense_n shadow_n which_o a_o ray_n come_v from_o the_o uppermost_a edge_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v terminate_v a_o central_n shadow_n be_v that_o which_o be_v intercept_v between_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o superior_a edge_n and_o the_o centrel_n ray_n the_o penumbra_fw-mi be_v that_o which_o be_v intercept_v between_o the_o central_n ray_n and_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o low_a proposition_n ii_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o in_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n be_v heteroscij_fw-la heteroscij_fw-la the_o people_n in_o the_o tropic_n be_v heteroscij_fw-la for_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n that_o very_a day_n the_o body_n erect_v in_o any_o point_n of_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n do_v absorbe_v the_o shadow_n of_o the_o sun_n possess_v their_o meridian_n because_o that_o then_o the_o sun_n perpendicular_o from_o his_o vertex_fw-la hang_v over_o the_o horizon_n and_o therefore_o illuminate_v all_o part_n of_o it_o neither_o do_v any_o ray_n from_o the_o erect_a opac_n hinder_v like_o this_o which_o perpendicular_o fall_v on_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n and_o therefore_o lie_v in_o the_o very_a opac_n but_o in_o other_o day_n of_o the_o year_n because_o the_o sun_n decline_v from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o tropic_a towards_o the_o south_n therefore_o the_o shadow_n be_v cast_v in_o the_o meridies_n towards_o the_o north_n never_o towards_o the_o south_n on_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n every_o day_n it_o be_v cast_v towards_o the_o south_n except_o on_o one_o day_n in_o which_o there_o will_v be_v no_o shadow_n never_o towards_o the_o north._n proposition_n iii_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v amphiscii_n amphiscii_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v call_v amphiscii_n let_v any_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v take_v in_o the_o globe_n and_o let_v it_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o latitude_n which_o shall_v cut_v the_o ecliptic_a in_o two_o point_n be_v describe_v by_o chalk_n apply_v when_o therefore_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v in_o these_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a he_o shall_v describe_v by_o his_o circumvolution_n a_o parallel_n which_o shall_v direct_o hang_v over_o the_o parallel_n describe_v and_o therefore_o on_o those_o two_o day_n in_o which_o he_o obtain_v those_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a in_o the_o assume_v place_n and_o in_o all_o situate_v in_o the_o describe_v parallel_n he_o shall_v be_v vertical_a in_o the_o meridies_n and_o illustrate_v all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o horizon_n and_o therefore_o no_o shadow_n shall_v be_v cast_v on_o these_o two_o day_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n shall_v be_v amphiscii_n without_o any_o shadow_n but_o on_o the_o other_o day_n of_o the_o year_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o but_o the_o meridian_n shadow_n shall_v either_o be_v cast_v to_o the_o north_n or_o to_o the_o south_n to_o the_o north_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o lie_v in_o those_o two_o point_n before_o note_v towards_o the_o south_n on_o the_o contrary_a to_o the_o south_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o be_v situate_v from_o those_o two_o point_n towards_o the_o north._n proposition_n iu._n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n be_v heteroscii_n heteroscii_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n be_v call_v heteroscii_n for_o because_o the_o sun_n in_o all_o those_o day_n of_o the_o year_n in_o the_o meridies_n be_v move_v from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o north_n temperate_a zone_n towards_o that_o quarter_n to_o wit_n the_o south_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o south_n temperate_a zone_n towards_o the_o north_n it_o follow_v from_o the_o first_o proposition_n that_o the_o meridian_n shadow_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o north_n temperate_a zone_n bend_v to_o the_o same_o quarter_n all_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n viz._n the_o north_n on_o the_o contrary_a to_o the_o south_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o south_n temperate_a zone_n proposition_n v._o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v periscii_n periscii_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v call_v periscii_n for_o by_o reason_n that_o on_o some_o day_n of_o the_o year_n the_o sun_n set_v not_o in_o these_o place_n but_o move_v round_o about_o the_o horizon_n it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o the_o shadow_n shall_v be_v carry_v round_o into_o all_o quarter_n and_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o superior_a semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n the_o shadow_n be_v cast_v towards_o the_o north_n and_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o inferior_a semicircle_n the_o shadow_n be_v carry_v towards_o the_o southern_a quarter_n proposition_n vi_o a_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v give_v to_o find_v the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n in_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o place_n shall_v be_v without_o any_o shadow_n and_o in_o what_o day_n the_o shadow_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o north_n and_o in_o what_o to_o the_o south_n let_v the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n become_v vertical_a to_o the_o place_n give_v be_v find_v those_o shall_v be_v the_o day_n in_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o place_n shall_v be_v without_o a_o shadow_n for_o this_o use_v the_o mode_n in_o the_o three_o proposition_n proposition_n vii_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v give_v to_o find_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o globe_n who_o inhabitant_n be_v amphiscii_n