holy_a scripture_n and_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a â—hat_n many_o of_o those_o 〈◊〉_d people_n fetch_v their_o first_o original_n from_o they_o the_o second_a cause_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o industry_n and_o labour_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o tillage_n and_o manure_v of_o the_o ground_n wherein_o the_o southern_a inhabitant_n have_v be_v more_o deficient_a foâ—_n it_o be_v certain_a out_o of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n that_o noah_n ark_n wherein_o be_v thâ—_n seminary_n of_o mankind_n and_o almost_o all_o other_o liuâ—â—g_v 〈◊〉_d rest_v in_o â—he_n northern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n whence_o both_o man_n and_o beast_n begin_v to_o be_v propagate_v towards_o the_o southâ—punc_fw-la no_o far_o than_o necessity_n enforce_v the_o region_n inhabit_v gâ—â—wing_v daily_o more_o and_o more_o populous_a and_o as_o iâ—_n be_v groan_v to_o be_v deliver_v oâ—_n some_o of_o her_o child_n hence_o may_v be_v infer_v too_o consecâ—aries_n first_o that_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n be_v 〈◊〉_d soon_o and_o be_v now_o therefore_o â—ore_o populous_a than_o the_o southern_a second_o that_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a man_n which_o be_v best_a seat_v rathâ—r_n choose_v to_o keep_v their_o ancient_a habitation_n send_v such_o abroad_o who_o can_v either_o be_v best_a spare_v or_o have_v the_o small_a possession_n at_o home_n yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v but_o they_o retain_v with_o they_o a_o sufficient_a company_n and_o more_o than_o go_v away_o out_o of_o which_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o northern_a half_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v best_o inhabit_v shall_v be_v best_o manure_v and_o culture_v from_o whence_o the_o ground_n must_v in_o time_n prove_v more_o fruitful_a and_o commodious_a for_o habitation_n for_o as_o a_o fruitful_a country_n for_o want_n of_o the_o due_a manure_a and_o tillage_n do_v degenerate_a and_o wax_v barren_a so_o diverse_a barren_a and_o sterile_a country_n have_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v bring_v to_o fertility_n and_o make_v capable_a of_o many_o good_a commodity_n necessary_a for_o man_n life_n if_o i_o be_v curious_a to_o draw_v argument_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o heaven_n i_o can_v allege_v the_o greatness_n and_o multitude_n of_o star_n of_o the_o great_a magnitude_n in_o our_o northern_a hemisphere_n wherein_o the_o southern_a be_v deficient_a as_o also_o the_o long_o sojourn_v of_o the_o sun_n in_o our_o northern_a hemisphere_n but_o these_o as_o uncertain_a cause_n i_o pass_v over_o other_o reason_n may_v perchance_o be_v find_v out_o by_o those_o who_o be_v inquisitive_a into_o the_o secret_n of_o nature_n to_o who_o i_o leave_v the_o more_o exact_a search_n of_o these_o matter_n 4_o either_o hemisphere_n consist_v of_o 90_o degree_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n each_o of_o they_o contain_v 30_o degree_n 5_o of_o these_o part_n 30_o we_o allot_v for_o heat_n 30_o for_o cold_a and_o 30_o for_o temperature_n whereof_o the_o former_a lie_v towards_o the_o equatour_n the_o second_o towards_o the_o pole_n the_o three_o betwixt_o both_o the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o our_o former_a treatise_n divide_v the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o five_o zone_n which_o they_o suppose_v have_v also_o proportional_o divide_v the_o temper_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o heat_n and_o cold_a shall_v in_o rease_n or_o diminish_v which_o rule_n of_o they_o have_v be_v very_o certain_a be_v there_o no_o other_o cause_n concurrent_a in_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o air_n but_o only_o the_o heaven_n but_o since_o that_o many_o other_o concurrent_a cause_n as_o we_o have_v show_v mix_v themselves_o with_o these_o celestial_a operation_n and_o the_o experiment_n of_o navigatour_n have_v find_v out_o a_o disproportion_n in_o the_o quality_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o distance_n some_o late_a writer_n have_v seek_v out_o a_o new_a pertition_n more_o consonant_a to_o natural_a experience_n the_o whole_a latitude_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n consist_v of_o 90_o degree_n from_o the_o equatour_n to_o the_o pole_n they_o have_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n allow_v 30_o degree_n towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o heat_n 30_o degree_n towards_o the_o pole_n to_o cold_a and_o the_o other_o 30_o degree_n lie_v betwixt_o both_o to_o temperature_n these_o 30_o degree_n for_o imagination_n sake_n they_o have_v subdivide_v again_o each_o of_o they_o into_o two_o part_n contain_v 15_o degree_n a_o piece_n more_o particular_o to_o design_n out_o the_o special_a disposition_n of_o each_o region_n lie_v either_o northward_o or_o southward_o from_o the_o equatour_n which_o be_v the_o bind_v betwixt_o both_o hemisphere_n in_o the_o first_o section_n of_o 30_o degree_n lie_v northward_o from_o the_o equatour_n we_o comprehend_v in_o africa_n numidia_n nigritarum_fw-la regio_fw-la lybia_n guinia_n nubia_n egypt_n ethiopia_n superior_a in_o asia_n arabia_n india_n insulae_fw-la philippinae_fw-la in_o america_n nova_fw-la hispania_n hispaniola_n cuba_n with_o other_o part_n of_o america_n mexicana_n in_o the_o other_o extreme_a section_n from_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n to_o the_o pole_n we_o comprehend_v in_o europe_n groenland_n island_n friesland_n norwey_n suethland_n for_o the_o most_o part_n nova_fw-la zembla_n in_o asia_n a_o great_a part_n of_o scythia_n orientalis_n in_o america_n anian_n quivira_n with_o diverse_a other_o part_n of_o the_o north_n of_o america_n mexicana_n in_o the_o middle_n betwixt_o both_o betwixt_o 30_o and_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n we_o comprehend_v in_o africa_n barbary_n in_o europe_n all_o the_o kingdom_n except_o those_o north_n province_n before_o name_v and_o almost_o all_o asia_n except_o some_o place_n towards_o the_o south_n as_o arabia_n india_n and_o the_o philippinae_fw-la insulae_fw-la former_o place_v in_o the_o first_o section_n in_o like_a manner_n may_v we_o divide_v the_o southern_a hemisphere_n into_o three_o section_n in_o the_o first_o from_o the_o equatour_n 30_o degree_n we_o place_v in_o africa_n congo_n monomotapa_n madagascar_n in_o the_o southern_a tract_n beach_n and_o nova_fw-la guinia_n with_o many_o land_n thereunto_o adjoin_v as_o many_o of_o the_o philippinae_fw-la insulae_fw-la with_o insulae_fw-la solomonis_fw-la in_o america_n peru_n tisnada_n brasilia_n with_o the_o most_o part_n of_o that_o region_n which_o they_o call_v america_n peruana_n in_o the_o other_o extreme_a section_n from_o 60_o degree_n to_o the_o antarctike_a pole_n be_v couch_v the_o most_o part_n of_o that_o great_a land_n scarce_o yet_o discover_v call_v terra_fw-la australis_fw-la incognita_fw-la in_o the_o middle_a region_n betwixt_o both_o from_o 30_o to_o 60_o degree_n shall_v we_o find_v place_v in_o america_n the_o region_n of_o the_o pantagones_n in_o the_o southern_a continent_n maletur_fw-la javaminor_fw-la with_o many_o other_o in_o discover_v the_o quality_n of_o these_o several_a section_n or_o partition_n of_o the_o earth_n our_o chief_a discourse_n must_v be_v address_v to_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n as_o that_o be_v more_o discover_v and_o know_v among_o old_a and_o new_a writer_n by_o which_o according_a to_o the_o former_a proposition_n one_o may_v parallel_v the_o other_o concern_v which_o we_o will_v infer_v these_o proposition_n 1_o in_o the_o first_o section_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n the_o first_o 15_o degree_n from_o the_o equatour_n be_v find_v somewhat_o temperate_a the_o other_o 15_o about_o the_o tropic_n exceed_v hot._n that_o the_o region_n lie_v under_o the_o equatour_n be_v temperate_o hot_a contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n almost_o of_o all_o the_o ancient_n have_v be_v in_o part_n prove_v heretofore_o as_o well_o by_o reason_n as_o experiment_n for_o that_o all_o place_n by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o they_o approach_v the_o equatour_n by_o so_o much_o more_o shall_v be_v hot_a as_o some_o imagine_v diverse_a instance_n will_v contradict_v it_o be_v report_v by_o aluarez_n that_o the_o abyssine_a ambassador_n arrive_v at_o lisbon_n in_o portugal_n be_v there_o almost_o choke_v with_o extreme_a heat_n also_o pâ—rguer_n the_o german_n relate_v that_o he_o have_v feel_v the_o weather_n more_o hot_a about_o dantzicke_n and_o the_o baltic_a sea_n then_o at_o tholouse_n in_o a_o â—eruent_a summer_n the_o cause_n which_o we_o have_v before_o touch_v be_v chief_o two_o the_o first_o be_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v high_a in_o this_o orb_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o under_o the_o equatour_n and_o move_v more_o swift_o from_o they_o spend_v on_o they_o only_o twelve_o hour_n whence_o so_o great_a a_o impression_n of_o heat_n can_v be_v make_v as_o in_o other_o place_n for_o heat_n be_v a_o material_a quality_n must_v necessary_o require_v some_o latitude_n of_o time_n to_o be_v impress_v into_o the_o air_n or_o any_o other_o subject_n from_o the_o diminution_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o region_n must_v the_o air_n need_v receive_v into_o
shall_v also_o be_v diminish_v of_o the_o north_n part_n 50_o 11_o the_o magnetical_a variation_n have_v no_o certain_a pole_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n 63_o 12_o the_o point_n of_o variation_n as_o of_o direction_n be_v only_o respective_a not_o attractive_a 65_o 13._o the_o variation_n of_o every_o place_n be_v constant_a not_o variable_a 66_o 14_o the_o variation_n be_v great_a in_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n ibid._n 15_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o latitude_n not_o in_o equality_n of_o degree_n but_o in_o proportion_n 69_o 16_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n be_v cause_v not_o of_o the_o attractive_a but_o of_o the_o disponent_fw-la and_o conuersive_a virtue_n of_o the_o earth_n 70_o 17_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n have_v a_o variation_n 71_o chap._n iv._o of_o the_o total_a motion_n magnetical_a 1_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o her_o magnetical_a vigour_n be_v most_o firm_o seat_v on_o her_o axle_n who_o end_n or_o pole_n respect_v always_o the_o same_o point_n in_o the_o heaven_n without_o alteration_n 72_o 2_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n have_v a_o circular_a motion_n 76_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o site_n stability_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n 99_o 2_o the_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n may_v be_v reconcile_v as_o well_o with_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o apparence_n of_o the_o heaven_n 110_o 3_o the_o earth_n be_v firm_o seat_v and_o settle_v in_o her_o proper_a place_n 115_o 4_o the_o earthly_a globe_n compare_v in_o quantity_n with_o the_o firmament_n &_o supreme_a orb_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n 118_o 5_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n compare_v with_o the_o inferior_a orb_n have_v a_o sensible_a magnitude_n 121_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a spheare·_n 1_o a_o circle_n though_o imaginary_a in_o itself_o have_v his_o ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 123_o 2_o the_o distinction_n of_o a_o circle_n into_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o part_n have_v no_o certain_a ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n but_o only_o in_o conveniency_n 124_o 3_o by_o astronomical_a observation_n to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n 127_o 4_o to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n magnetical_o 129_o 5_o by_o the_o incision_n of_o a_o tree_n the_o meridian_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 131_o 6_o the_o meridian_n be_v find_v to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n 137_o 7_o without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o meridian_n to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n 138_o 8_o to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n magnetical_o 138_o 9_o the_o equatour_n be_v a_o unmoveable_a circle_n who_o pole_n never_o vary_v from_o the_o fixt-pole_n of_o the_o earth_n 140_o 10_o how_o to_o know_v the_o number_n of_o degree_n in_o a_o lesser_a circle_n answerable_a to_o the_o great_a 147_o 11_o the_o sensible_a and_o rational_a horizon_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v much_o different_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n all_o one_o 151_o 12_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n may_v be_v great_a or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o place_n 153_o 13_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v so_o place_v on_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o may_v behold_v the_o whole_a hemisphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o yet_o no_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 154_o 14_o from_o the_o horizontall_a circle_n be_v reckon_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o any_o place_n assign_v 155_o 15_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o horizon_n for_o any_o place_n assign_v 156_o 16_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o horizontall_a plain_a 157_o 17_o the_o distinction_n of_o orison_n ibid._n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o artificial_a representation_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o of_o the_o part_n whereof_o the_o globe_n be_v geographical_o compound_v 163_o 2_o the_o use_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n be_v to_o express_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o have_v a_o diverse_a situation_n as_o well_o one_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o as_o the_o heaven_n 166_o 3_o of_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n ibid._n 4_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o fabric_n of_o the_o artificial_a plain_a chart._n 168_o 5_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o fabric_n of_o the_o geographical_a planispheare_n with_o their_o several_a distinction_n 175_o 6_o of_o the_o magnetical_a terrella_n 182_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o the_o common_a measure_n by_o which_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v know_v be_v mile_n and_o furlong_n 187_o 2_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n 188_o 3_o by_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o observation_n of_o a_o eclipse_n or_o some_o know_a star_n the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v know_v 189_o 4_o by_o observation_n of_o the_o noone-shadowe_n the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 190_o 5_o the_o opinion_n of_o cosmographer_n concern_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v diverse_a which_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o their_o error_n in_o observe_v the_o distance_n of_o place_n experimental_o according_a to_o miles_n furlong_n and_o such_o like_a measure_n 192_o 6_o how_o by_o the_o know_a height_n of_o some_o mountain_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 197_o 7_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o plain_a and_o convey_v superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n 198_o 8_o of_o the_o number_n of_o square_a mile_n contain_v in_o the_o earth_n 200_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n 1_o of_o the_o temperate_a and_o untemperate_a zone_n 204_o 2_o the_o tâ—rride_a zone_n be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o next_o be_v the_o two_o temperate_a the_o cold_a zone_n be_v the_o least_o of_o all_o 207_o 3_o the_o zone_n wherein_o any_o place_n be_v seat_v may_v be_v know_v either_o by_o the_o globe_n or_o geographical_a table_n or_o else_o by_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n 208_o 4_o the_o zone_n and_o climate_n agree_v in_o form_n but_o differ_v in_o greatness_n number_n and_o office_n 211_o 5_o the_o iâ—â—ention_n compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o be_v not_o all_o of_o the_o same_o greatness_n 212_o 6_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o climate_n ibid._n 7_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o climate_n 213_o 8_o of_o the_o diversity_n betwixt_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a geographer_n concern_v the_o place_n and_o number_n of_o the_o climate_n 214_o 9_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o parallel_n for_o each_o place_n 217_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o right_n oblique_a and_o parallel_n sphere_n with_o their_o property_n and_o distinction_n 220_o 2_o of_o the_o amphiâ—cij_n heteroâ—cij_fw-la &_o periscij_fw-la with_o their_o properperty_n 226_o 3_o of_o the_o perioecj_n antoeâ—j_n and_o antipode_n with_o their_o accident_n 228_o 4_o how_o the_o perioecj_n antecj_n and_o antipode_n be_v distinguish_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o celestial_a apparence_n 231_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n 1_o place_n enjoy_v the_o same_o longitude_n be_v not_o always_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o first_o meridian_n and_o contrariwise_o 235_o 2_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n beget_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n 235_o 3_o of_o the_o lose_n or_o get_v of_o a_o day_n in_o the_o whole_a year_n in_o a_o voyage_n about_o the_o earthly_a globe_n 236_o 4_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n 240_o 5_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o a_o clock_n watch_n or_o hourglass_n 242_o 6_o by_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o some_o know_a star_n to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n 243_o 7_o by_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n motion_n to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n 246_o 8_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n 247_o 9_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o latitude_n 249_o 10_o by_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o find_v out_o the_o latitude_n 249_o 11_o by_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o a_o know_a star_n to_o know_v the_o latitude_n 250_o 12_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o latitude_n on_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n 252_o 13_o of_o the_o magnetical_a expression_n of_o the_o latitude_n 252_o chap._n xii_o of_o distance_n of_o place_n compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o 1_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o distance_n in_o longitude_n of_o two_o place_n under_o the_o equatour_n in_o the_o same_o hemisphere_n 254_o 2_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o
experimental_o according_a to_o miles_n furlong_n or_o such_o like_a measure_n how_o many_o author_n of_o great_a name_n and_o estimation_n have_v differ_v among_o themselves_o every_o man_n may_v inform_v himself_o out_o of_o this_o table_n here_o insert_v these_o difference_n we_o find_v diverse_o relate_v but_o of_o all_o other_o which_o author_n have_v set_v forth_o  _fw-fr author_n furlong_n mile_n  _fw-fr strabo_n and_o hipparchus_n 252000_o 31500_o  _fw-fr eratosthenes_n 250000_o 31250_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n contain_v according_a to_o possidonius_fw-la &_o the_o ancient_a arabian_n 240000_o 30000_o ptolemy_n 180000_o 22500_o  _fw-fr the_o late_a arabian_n 204000_o 25500_o  _fw-fr italian_n and_o german_n 172800_o 21600_o i_o prefer_v the_o judgement_n of_o mr_n robert_n hues_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v not_o ground_v on_o common_a tradition_n but_o industrious_o by_o himself_o derive_v out_o of_o the_o ancient_n by_o diligent_a search_n and_o examination_n as_o by_o one_o who_o judgement_n be_v arm_v as_o well_o with_o skill_n in_o the_o language_n as_o the_o knowledge_n of_o antiquity_n scorn_v to_o be_v injure_v by_o translation_n what_o shall_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o these_o difference_n be_v a_o matter_n which_o have_v stagger_v curious_a searcher_n into_o antiquity_n more_o than_o the_o former_a every_o opinion_n be_v support_v with_o the_o name_n and_o authority_n of_o such_o renown_a author_n may_v challenge_v a_o pitch_n above_o the_o measure_n of_o my_o decision_n only_o i_o may_v not_o be_v think_v over_o presumptuous_a to_o conjecture_v where_o i_o can_v define_v especial_o have_v so_o good_a a_o guide_n as_o my_o forename_a author_n to_o tread_v out_o the_o way_n before_o i_o wherefore_o suppose_v as_o a_o ground_n these_o author_n so_o much_o differ_v about_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o have_v be_v in_o some_o sort_n lead_v by_o reason_n the_o difference_n must_v needs_o arise_v out_o of_o one_o of_o these_o cause_n either_o the_o error_n or_o negligence_n of_o the_o observer_n in_o trust_v too_o much_o to_o other_o relation_n without_o any_o far_a search_n or_o else_o the_o defect_n in_o the_o mathematical_a ground_n out_o of_o which_o they_o derive_v their_o demonstration_n or_o the_o diversity_n of_o measure_n use_v in_o this_o work_n or_o final_o from_o the_o misapplication_n of_o these_o measure_n to_o the_o distance_n whence_o may_v arise_v some_o error_n out_o of_o the_o experimental_a measure_n of_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v doubt_v whether_o aristotle_n define_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v 400000_o furlong_n be_v not_o deceive_v by_o relation_n for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o avouch_v it_o from_o the_o mathematician_n of_o his_o time_n who_o authority_n and_o credit_n for_o aught_o we_o know_v deserve_v as_o well_o to_o be_v forget_v as_o their_o name_n but_o this_o answer_n may_v seem_v too_o sharp_a in_o the_o other_o for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o find_v they_o register_v for_o master_n in_o their_o science_n and_o such_o as_o can_v not_o easy_o be_v cozen_v by_o other_o imposture_n neither_o can_v we_o imagine_v the_o second_o to_o be_v any_o cause_n of_o their_o error_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n because_o the_o way_n these_o mathematician_n use_v in_o find_v out_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v by_o writer_n of_o good_a credit_n commend_v to_o posterity_n as_o warrantable_o ground_v on_o certain_a demonstration_n be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o we_o have_v show_v before_o which_o admit_v of_o no_o parallogisme_n in_o the_o three_o place_n we_o ought_v to_o examine_v whether_o the_o diversity_n of_o opinion_n concern_v this_o matter_n proceed_v from_o diversity_n of_o the_o measure_n which_o be_v use_v in_o this_o work_n nonnius_n and_o pâ—â—ceruâ—_n will_v needs_o persuade_v that_o the_o furlong_n whereby_o they_o measure_v the_o earth_n be_v not_o the_o same_o maurolycus_n and_o xilander_n talk_v of_o diverse_a kind_n of_o pace_n maurolycus_n labour_v to_o reconcile_v both_o but_o without_o effect_n first_o whereas_o they_o will_v have_v diverse_a kâ—nde_n of_o pace_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o can_v learn_v that_o the_o grecian_n ever_o measure_v their_o furlong_n by_o pace_n but_o either_o by_o foot_n or_o faddome_n a_o fathom_n which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o hand_n together_o with_o the_o breast_n betwixt_o contain_v six_o foot_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o measure_v well_o know_v unto_o our_o mariner_n in_o sound_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n this_o measure_n notwithstanding_o be_v by_o many_o translate_v a_o pace_n by_o what_o reason_n let_v any_o man_n judge_v xilander_n in_o translate_n strabo_n render_v it_o a_o ell_n second_o for_o a_o furlong_n it_o contain_v according_a to_o herodoiuâ—_n a_o ancient_a grecian_a writer_n 600_o foot_n which_o be_v also_o testify_v by_o suidas_n be_v much_o late_a a_o furlong_n contain_v 100_o faddome_n every_o fathom_n four_o cubit_n a_o cubit_n according_a to_o heron_n a_o foot_n and_o half_a or_o 24_o digit_n now_o for_o the_o variety_n of_o furlong_n it_o be_v true_a that_o censorinus_n make_v three_o kind_n for_o either_o it_o be_v call_v the_o italian_a consist_v of_o 625_o foot_n which_o be_v of_o most_o regard_n in_o measure_v the_o earth_n or_o the_o olympian_a of_o 600_o foot_n or_o the_o pythian_a contain_v 1000_o foot_n but_o to_o let_v pass_v this_o latter_a we_o shall_v find_v by_o serious_a consideration_n that_o the_o italian_a and_o olympian_a furlong_n differ_v only_o in_o name_n and_o be_v indeed_o the_o same_o for_o the_o italian_a contain_v 625_o roman_a foot_n according_a to_o pliny_n in_o his_o second_o book_n be_v squall_v to_o the_o olympian_a have_v 600_o grecian_a foot_n for_o a_o foot_n with_o the_o grecian_n exceed_v the_o roman_a foot_n by_o a_o twenty_o four_o part_n as_o much_o as_o be_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o 600_o and_o 625._o hence_o we_o see_v how_o little_a certainty_n can_v be_v expect_v of_o such_o as_o go_v about_o to_o reconcile_v these_o opinion_n out_o of_o the_o various_a use_n and_o acception_n of_o the_o measure_n the_o most_o probable_a assertion_n than_o be_v that_o the_o error_n be_v ground_v on_o this_o that_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n mention_v by_o the_o foresay_a author_n be_v not_o by_o themselves_o exact_o measure_v but_o take_v up_o upon_o trust_n on_o the_o relation_n of_o traveller_n wherein_o they_o may_v easy_o be_v mistake_v for_o instance_n we_o will_v take_v eratosthenes_n and_o possidonius_fw-la as_o of_o great_a credit_n who_o be_v notwithstanding_o tax_v for_o many_o error_n in_o their_o experimental_a observation_n whereas_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o ptolemy_n ground_v his_o opinion_n on_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n exact_o measure_v as_o be_v witness_v by_o his_o designation_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v discover_v and_o know_v eratosthenes_n for_o mistake_v in_o the_o measure_n of_o distance_n be_v much_o tax_v by_o hyparchus_n as_o we_o find_v in_o strabo_n for_o betwixt_o alexandria_n and_o carthage_n he_o reckon_v above_o 13_o thousand_o furlong_n whereas_o by_o a_o more_o diligent_a enquiry_n there_o be_v find_v to_o be_v but_o 9_o thousand_o likewise_o possidoniuâ—_n be_v know_v to_o be_v mistake_v in_o that_o he_o make_v the_o distance_n betwixt_o rhodes_n and_o alexandria_n to_o be_v 5000_o furlong_n whereas_o out_o of_o the_o relation_n of_o mariner_n some_o have_v make_v it_o 4000_o some_o 5000_o as_o it_o be_v witness_v by_o eratosthenes_n in_o strabo_n who_o notwithstanding_o say_v that_o he_o find_v by_o instrument_n that_o it_o be_v not_o above_o 3750_o and_o strabo_n wouâ—d_v have_v it_o somewhat_o less_o as_o 2640._o maurolycus_n go_v about_o to_o defend_v possidonius_fw-la against_o ptolemy_n bring_v nothing_o but_o frivolous_a reason_n unworthy_a so_o good_a a_o author_n out_o of_o all_o which_o have_v be_v speak_v our_o former_a corollary_n will_v be_v manifest_a that_o the_o diversity_n of_o opinion_n concern_v the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n arise_v from_o the_o experimental_a mistake_n in_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n where_o they_o trust_v to_o other_o man_n relation_n rather_o than_o their_o own_o knowledge_n 6_o the_o diameter_n be_v a_o right_a line_n pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o and_o measure_v the_o thickness_n of_o it_o the_o invention_n of_o which_o depend_v on_o these_o rule_n 1_o as_o 22_o be_v to_o 7_o so_o be_v the_o circumference_n of_o a_o circle_n to_o the_o diameter_n wherefore_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n multiply_v by_o 7_o and_o divide_v by_o 22_o will_v produce_v the_o diameter_n the_o exact_a proportion_n betwixt_o the_o circumference_n of_o a_o
tropic_n we_o account_v 23_o degree_n which_o add_v and_o resolve_v into_o mile_n will_v make_v the_o say_a sum_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o this_o zone_n be_v situate_a the_o great_a part_n of_o africa_n especial_o that_o of_o the_o abyssine_n which_o common_a opinion_n with_o little_a probability_n will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o empire_n of_o prester_n john_n also_o many_o land_n as_o java_n summatra_n taprobana_n beside_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o south_n of_o america_n call_v peruana_n it_o be_v imagine_v by_o the_o ancient_n as_o aristotle_n pliny_n ptolemy_n and_o many_o other_o philosopher_n poet_n and_o divine_n that_o this_o zone_n through_o extreme_a heat_n be_v altogether_o unhabitable_a for_o which_o cause_n they_o call_v it_o intemperate_a the_o reason_n of_o this_o conjecture_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o part_n in_o regard_n of_o that_o of_o the_o heaven_n for_o lie_v in_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o sun_n must_v of_o necessity_n cast_v his_o ray_n perpendicular_a that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o right_a angle_n now_o according_a to_o the_o ground_n of_o peripatetic_n philosophy_n the_o idol_n of_o this_o age_n the_o heat_n derive_v from_o the_o sun_n arise_v from_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n against_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n wherefore_o the_o heat_n be_v there_o conjecture_v to_o be_v great_a where_o the_o reflection_n be_v find_v to_o be_v great_a but_o the_o great_a reflection_n according_a to_o all_o mathematician_n must_v be_v in_o this_o torrid_a zone_n where_o the_o sun_n dart_v forth_o his_o ray_n at_o right_a angle_n which_o reflect_v back_o upon_o themselves_o which_o false_a conjecture_n be_v a_o long_a time_n continue_v by_o the_o exuberant_a description_n of_o poet_n and_o defect_n of_o navigation_n have_v as_o yet_o scarce_o pass_v her_o infancy_n but_o how_o far_o these_o surmise_n come_v short_a of_o truth_n we_o shall_v declare_v in_o our_o second_o part_n to_o which_o we_o have_v reserve_v those_o physical_a and_o historical_a discourse_n concern_v the_o quality_n and_o property_n of_o the_o earth_n 7_o the_o intemperate_a cold_a zone_n be_v those_o which_o be_v include_v betwixt_o the_o polar_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v northern_a contain_v in_o the_o arctic_a circle_n the_o other_o southern_a in_o the_o antarcticke_a these_o two_o zone_n be_v not_o make_v out_o of_o the_o combination_n of_o two_o circle_n as_o the_o former_a but_o by_o one_o circle_n with_o relation_n to_o the_o pole_n the_o greatness_n and_o extent_n of_o this_o zone_n be_v about_o 23_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a which_o resolve_v into_o italian-mile_n will_v produce_v 1380._o the_o northern_a cold_a zone_n contain_v in_o it_o groenland_n fineland_n and_o diverse_a other_o northern_a region_n whereof_o some_o be_v partly_o discover_v and_o set_v out_o in_o our_o ordinary_a map_n other_o some_o not_o yet_o detect_v for_o the_o other_o zone_n under_o the_o antarctic_a pole_n it_o consist_v of_o the_o same_o greatness_n as_o we_o know_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o globe_n have_v other_o such_o accident_n correspondent_a as_o the_o northern_a so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o respect_v the_o heaven_n for_o other_o matter_n they_o lie_v hide_v in_o the_o vast_a gulf_n of_o obscurity_n this_o port_n have_v never_o yet_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v expose_v herself_o to_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o christian_a world_n whether_o these_o two_o zone_n be_v without_o habitation_n by_o reason_n of_o intemperate_a cold_a as_o the_o other_o have_v be_v think_v by_o reason_n of_o too_o much_o heat_n we_o shall_v in_o due_a place_n examine_v 8_o the_o temperate_a zone_n be_v the_o space_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n &_o the_o polar_a circle_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v northern_a contain_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o arctic_a circle_n the_o other_o southern_a comprehend_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o antarcticke_a circle_n why_o these_o zone_n be_v term_v temperate_a diverse_a reason_n be_v allege_v 1_o because_o the_o sunbeam_n here_o be_v cast_v oblique_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o consequence_n can_v produce_v so_o much_o heat_n as_o in_o those_o place_n where_o they_o be_v dart_v perpendicular_o if_o we_o only_o consider_v the_o constitution_n and_o site_n of_o the_o heaven_n for_o as_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o prove_v this_o may_v sometime_o be_v alter_v by_o the_o disposition_n of_o some_o particular_a place_n 2_o it_o may_v be_v call_v the_o temperate_a zone_n because_o it_o seem_v mix_v of_o both_o extreme_n partake_v in_o some_o measure_n the_o both_o quality_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a the_o one_o from_o the_o torrid_a the_o other_o from_o the_o frigid_a zone_n 3_o because_o in_o these_o zone_n the_o distance_n betwixt_o summer_n and_o winter_n be_v very_o remarkable_a have_v a_o middle_a difference_n of_o time_n betwixt_o they_o as_o compound_v of_o both_o extreme_n these_o temperate_a zone_n include_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n and_o the_o polar_a circle_n be_v twofold_a as_o the_o circle_n the_o northern_a temperate_a zone_n comprehend_v of_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o arctic_a circle_n contain_v in_o it_o the_o upper_a and_o high_a part_n of_o africa_n stretch_v even_o to_o the_o mountain_n atlas_n moreover_o in_o it_o be_v place_v all_o europe_n even_o to_o the_o northern_a land_n in_o the_o arctic_a zone_n and_o a_o great_a part_n also_o of_o asia_n the_o other_o temperate_a zone_n lie_v towards_o the_o south_n be_v not_o so_o well_o know_v be_v far_o distant_a from_o our_o habitation_n and_o await_v as_o yet_o the_o far_a industry_n of_o our_o english_a and_o dutch_a navigator_n the_o breadth_n of_o this_o zone_n as_o the_o other_o contain_v about_o 43_o degree_n which_o be_v the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o tropic_n and_o the_o polar_a circle_n which_o multiply_v by_o 60_o will_v be_v resolve_v into_o 2580_o italian-mile_n 1_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o next_o be_v the_o two_o temperate_a zone_n the_o cold_a zone_n the_o least_o of_o all_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v find_v to_o be_v great_a as_o well_v in_o regard_n of_o longitude_n as_o latitude_n and_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o equatour_n into_o two_o half_n the_o next_o be_v the_o temperate_a but_o the_o two_o cold_a zone_n howsoever_o equal_v in_o diameter_n to_o the_o torrid_a be_v notwithstanding_o least_o of_o all_o where_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o every_o zone_n be_v of_o the_o same_o latitude_n from_o north_n to_o south_n begin_v where_o we_o will_v because_o it_o be_v contain_v betwixt_o two_o equidistant_a circle_n but_o all_o enjoy_v not_o the_o same_o longitude_n from_o east_n to_o west_n for_o the_o part_n of_o every_o zone_n by_o how_o much_o near_o they_o be_v to_o the_o equatour_n so_o much_o great_a longitude_n will_v they_o have_v by_o how_o much_o near_o the_o pole_n they_o be_v so_o much_o the_o less_o longitude_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o parallel_n towards_o the_o pole_n grow_v always_o lesser_o and_o lesser_a the_o invention_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o zone_n before_o mention_v may_v brief_o thus_o be_v perform_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v so_o much_o as_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o tropicke_n which_o be_v astronomical_o ground_v on_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v double_v this_o declination_n be_v by_o clavius_n and_o other_o find_v to_o be_v 23_o degree_n 30_o scrup_n which_o be_v double_v will_v produce_v 47_o which_o again_o multiply_v by_o 60_o and_o resolve_v into_o mile_n will_v amount_v to_o 2820_o though_o the_o odd_a scruple_n of_o many_o author_n be_v neglect_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o cold_a zone_n be_v also_o draw_v from_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o pole_n circle_n from_o the_o pole_n itself_o be_v just_a so_o much_o as_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a from_o the_o equatour_n to_o wit_n of_o 23_o degree_n 30_o scrup_n to_o which_o answer_n according_a to_o the_o former_a rule_n 1420_o italian-mile_n the_o invention_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n depend_v from_o the_o subtraction_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a from_o the_o equatour_n that_o be_v from_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v double_v from_o the_o whole_a quadrant_a in_o which_o subduction_n the_o residue_n will_v be_v 43_o to_o which_o will_v answer_v 2580_o italian-mile_n 1_o the_o zone_n wherein_o any_o place_n be_v seat_v may_v be_v know_v either_o by_o the_o globe_n or_o geographical_a table_n or_o else_o by_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n by_o the_o globe_n or_o universal_a map_n we_o may_v know_v it_o by_o the_o diligent_a observation_n of_o the_o four_o equidistant_a circle_n for_o if_o we_o
find_v it_o betwixt_o the_o two_o tropic_n we_o may_v without_o doubt_n think_v it_o to_o be_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n if_o betwixt_o the_o tropic_n circle_n and_o the_o polar_a it_o will_v be_v in_o the_o temperate_a if_o betwixt_o the_o polar_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n itself_o it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o cold_a zone_n by_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n it_o may_v be_v find_v this_o way_n seek_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n give_v in_o the_o table_n which_o if_o it_o be_v less_o than_o 23_o degree_n 30_o scruple_n the_o place_n be_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n if_o precise_o it_o be_v so_o much_o in_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n the_o place_n assign_v be_v under_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n which_o be_v the_o bind_v betwixt_o the_o torrid_a and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o northern_a temperate_a zone_n but_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o southern_a hemisphere_n it_o will_v be_v under_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n which_o end_v the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o begin_v the_o south_n temperate_a zone_n every_o place_n have_v more_o latitude_n than_o 23_o degree_n 30_o scruple_n yet_o less_o than_o 66_o degree_n 30_o minute_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n either_o northern_a or_o southern_a as_o the_o place_n be_v in_o the_o hemisphere_n if_o the_o place_n be_v precise_o of_o 66_o degree_n 30_o minute_n it_o will_v be_v just_o find_v to_o be_v under_o the_o polar_a circle_n either_o arctic_a or_o antarcticke_a final_o every_o place_n who_o latitude_n exceed_v the_o number_n of_o 66_o degree_n 30_o minute_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o cold_a zone_n either_o southern_a or_o northern_a if_o it_o reach_v just_a to_o 90_o degree_n it_o will_v be_v just_a under_o the_o pole_n itself_o 9_o of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n by_o zone_n we_o have_v speak_v we_o must_v in_o the_o next_o place_n deliver_v the_o distinction_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o climate_n 10_o a_o climate_n be_v a_o space_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v betwixt_o two_o parallel_n distant_a from_o the_o equatour_n towards_o either_o pole_n climate_n be_v so_o call_v because_o of_o their_o declaration_n from_o equatour_n for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v account_v as_o so_o many_o scale_n of_o ascent_n to_o or_o from_o the_o equatour_n some_o have_v define_v it_o from_o the_o use_n which_o be_v chief_o to_o distinguish_v the_o long_a time_n of_o the_o artificial_a day_n because_o at_o the_o point_n of_o every_o climate_n true_o take_v the_o long_a day_n be_v vary_v half_o a_o hour_n although_o this_o account_n agree_v not_o altogether_o with_o ptolemy_n and_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n before_o he_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o this_o distinction_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n into_o climate_n be_v somewhat_o a_o more_o subtle_a distinction_n than_o the_o former_a by_o zone_n for_o as_o much_o as_o that_o be_v make_v by_o the_o combination_n of_o such_o parallel_n as_o be_v principal_o name_v and_o of_o chief_a note_n as_o the_o tropic_n and_o polar_a circle_n but_o this_o indifferent_o respect_v all_o without_o difference_n this_o first_o beginning_n and_o measure_n as_o well_o of_o this_o as_o all_o other_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o equatour_n for_o that_o which_o be_v most_o perfect_a and_o absolute_a in_o every_o kind_a aught_o to_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o other_o but_o yet_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o although_o we_o begin_v our_o account_n of_o the_o climate_n from_o the_o equatour_n yet_o the_o equatour_n itself_o make_v no_o climate_n but_o only_o the_o parallel_n which_o be_v thereunto_o correspondent_a for_o as_o it_o be_v before_o show_v under_o the_o equatour_n itself_o the_o artificial_a day_n be_v all_o equal_a in_o length_n contain_v only_o twelve_o hour_n wherefore_o beginning_n from_o the_o equatour_n betwixt_o that_o and_o the_o three_o parallel_n we_o count_v the_o first_o climate_n from_o the_o three_o to_o the_o six_o the_o second_o climate_n and_o so_o all_o the_o rest_n make_v the_o number_n of_o the_o climate_n double_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o parallel_n so_o that_o one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o parallel_n which_o be_v the_o end_n and_o bind_v of_o one_o climate_n be_v the_o begin_n of_o the_o next_o whence_o we_o see_v that_o to_o the_o constitution_n of_o every_o climate_n three_o parallel_n concur_v whereof_o two_o be_v extreme_a comprehend_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o say_a climate_n and_o one_o divide_v it_o just_a in_o the_o midst_n a_o parallel_n therefore_o differ_v from_o a_o climate_n as_o a_o part_n from_o the_o whole_a be_v one_o circle_n correspondent_a to_o the_o equatour_n whereas_o a_o climate_n be_v a_o space_n contain_v in_o three_o parallel_n second_o as_o a_o parallel_n be_v conceive_v to_o add_v to_o the_o artificial_a day_n one_o quarter_n or_o four_o part_n of_o a_o hour_n so_o a_o climate_n make_v half_o a_o hour_n so_o that_o by_o how_o much_o any_o climate_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o equatour_n by_o so_o many_o half_a hour_n the_o long_a day_n of_o that_o climate_n go_v beyond_o the_o long_a day_n of_o the_o place_n under_o the_o equatour_n these_o climate_n therefore_o can_v be_v all_o of_o one_o equal_a quantity_n because_o the_o equatour_n be_v a_o great_a circle_n and_o comprehend_v the_o great_a space_n in_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o these_o climate_n near_o the_o equatour_n be_v make_v by_o the_o combination_n of_o great_a circle_n be_v great_a than_o those_o near_a the_o pole_n but_o because_o all_o climate_n be_v make_v by_o the_o combination_n of_o parallel_n we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o parallel_n to_o be_v know_v in_o cosmographie_n the_o first_o be_v those_o which_o do_v distinguish_v the_o latitude_n of_o place_n take_v their_o beginning_n from_o the_o equatour_n and_o be_v in_o a_o ordinary_a globe_n of_o map_n distinguish_v sometime_o by_o 10_o sometime_o by_o 15_o degree_n the_o second_o kind_n of_o parallel_n be_v those_o that_o make_v the_o zone_n which_o be_v indeed_o some_o special_a name_v parallel_n as_o the_o tropic_n and_o the_o polar_a circle_n the_o three_o sort_n be_v call_v artificial_a parallel_n because_o they_o show_v the_o distance_n of_o artificial_a day_n and_o night_n which_o be_v common_o note_v in_o the_o margin_n of_o a_o geographical_a map_n which_o last_o sort_n of_o parallel_n be_v here_o chief_o to_o be_v understand_v 1_o the_o zone_n and_o climate_n agree_v in_o form_n but_o differ_v in_o greatness_n number_n and_o office_n the_o climate_n be_v so_o call_v as_o we_o have_v say_v because_o they_o decline_v from_o the_o equatour_n and_o be_v space_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v two_o parallel_n in_o which_o the_o long_a day_n be_v vary_v by_o half_a a_o hour_n these_o agree_v with_o the_o zone_n in_o some_o sort_n for_o both_o of_o they_o be_v spread_v by_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o parallel_n circle_n compass_v it_o about_o as_o so_o many_o girdle_n nevertheless_o they_o differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o 1._o in_o greatness_n because_o the_o zone_n be_v great_a the_o climate_n lesser_a space_n in_o the_o earth_n 2._o in_o number_n because_o there_o be_v only_o five_o zone_n but_o many_o more_o climate_n 3._o in_o office_n use_n and_o effect_n because_o the_o zone_n be_v to_o distinguish_v the_o mutation_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o air_n and_o shadow_n according_a to_o diverse_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o climate_n be_v use_v to_o show_v the_o great_a difference_n of_o hour_n in_o the_o day_n to_o show_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n for_o place_n under_o the_o same_o climate_n have_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o day_n and_o night_n the_o same_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n whereas_o place_n seat_v under_o diverse_a climate_n have_v a_o great_a variation_n in_o the_o day_n and_o night_n and_o a_o diverse_a rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n for_o as_o often_o as_o the_o long_a or_o solsticiall_a day_n of_o one_o place_n differ_v from_o the_o long_a day_n of_o another_o by_o the_o space_n of_o half_a a_o hour_n a_o new_a climate_n be_v place_v wherefore_o under_o the_o equatour_n or_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o day_n be_v always_o equal_a to_o wit_n of_o 12_o hour_n which_o beginning_n from_o the_o equatour_n if_o we_o approach_v towards_o either_o pole_n so_o far_o as_o the_o great_a artificial_a day_n amount_v to_o 12_o ½_o we_o may_v assure_v ourselves_o that_o we_o be_v come_v to_o the_o first_o climate_n and_o so_o forward_o still_o the_o great_a day_n of_o our_o climate_n will_v by_o so_o much_o exceed_v the_o great_a day_n of_o the_o other_o as_o the_o climate_n differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o
and_o contrariwise_o from_o east_n to_o west_n the_o bound_n or_o limit_n of_o this_o longitude_n be_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n set_v no_o far_o distant_a than_o the_o half_a circle_n contain_v 180_o degree_n because_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earth_n lie_v at_o that_o time_n undiscovered_a the_o end_n of_o this_o space_n towards_o the_o east_n be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n at_o the_o far_a part_n of_o all_o india_n distant_a as_o we_o say_v from_o the_o fortunate_a land_n where_o ptolemy_n place_v the_o first_o meridian_n 180_o degree_n which_o be_v take_v in_o the_o meridian_n and_o resolve_v into_o miles_n according_a to_o our_o former_a rule_n will_v give_v 10800_o italian_a mile_n but_o this_o space_n delineate_v out_o by_o the_o ancient_n be_v very_o scant_o and_o narrow_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o part_n since_o found_v out_o be_v add_v to_o the_o former_a for_o beyond_o the_o bind_v set_v by_o ptolemy_n in_o the_o east_n it_o be_v manifest_v that_o 60_o degree_n be_v find_v out_o and_o make_v know_v a_o example_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o scythia_n without_o the_o mountain_n emaus_n which_o be_v know_v to_o extend_v itself_o 60_o degree_n eastward_o towards_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cathay_n discover_v by_o the_o portugal_n so_o that_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o earth_n eastward_o be_v full_o know_v so_o far_o as_o 240_o degree_n which_o be_v measure_v in_o the_o equatour_n will_v amount_v unto_o 14000_o mile_n moreover_o towards_o the_o west_n beyond_o the_o fortunate_a land_n it_o be_v know_v to_o stretch_v to_o the_o far_a border_n of_o america_n so_o that_o 340_o degree_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v full_o detect_v if_o not_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v only_o 20_o degree_n which_o be_v only_o deficient_a to_o make_v up_o the_o whole_a circle_n which_o we_o may_v the_o soon_o credit_v because_o our_o time_n have_v bring_v forth_o for_o aught_o any_o author_n have_v relate_v the_o most_o excellent_a navigator_n of_o all_o age_n which_o have_v sail_v the_o vast_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n round_o about_o and_o leave_v behind_o they_o a_o foundation_n whereon_o other_o may_v easy_o build_v but_o to_o let_v pass_v the_o general_n longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n betwixt_o the_o east_n and_o the_o west_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o longitude_n here_o mention_v be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o a_o more_o special_a sense_n for_o the_o distance_n of_o any_o place_n from_o the_o first_o meridian_n be_v place_v either_o in_o the_o canary_n as_o the_o ancient_n will_v have_v it_o or_o in_o one_o of_o the_o azore_n according_a to_o the_o latter_a geographer_n this_o than_o must_v be_v the_o bind_v from_o whence_o we_o must_v begin_v our_o account_n the_o subject_n wherein_o the_o number_n of_o degree_n may_v be_v take_v may_v be_v the_o equatour_n or_o parallel_n whence_o by_o some_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o equatour_n or_o parallel_n intercept_v betwixt_o the_o first_o meridian_n and_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o the_o place_n propose_v so_o that_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n such_o place_n as_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o meridian_n in_o the_o same_o hemisphere_n eastern_a or_o western_a have_v the_o same_o longitude_n which_o be_v the_o distance_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o west_n but_o place_n decline_v more_o towards_o the_o east_n have_v the_o great_a longitude_n but_o near_a to_o the_o west_n lesâ—e_n 1_o place_n enjoy_v the_o same_o longitude_n be_v not_o always_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o first_o meridian_n and_o contrariwise_o place_n equidistant_a from_o the_o first_o meridian_n have_v not_o always_o the_o same_o longitude_n the_o reason_n be_v evident_a out_o of_o that_o which_o have_v be_v often_o speak_v before_o because_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n be_v great_a of_o a_o lesser_a less_a according_a to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o circle_n now_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n measure_v in_o the_o equatour_n will_v answer_v to_o 60_o italian_a mile_n but_o in_o other_o parallel_n less_o 2_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n beget_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n those_o therefore_o which_o exact_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o same_o longitude_n have_v their_o noon_n at_o the_o same_o moment_n but_o where_o the_o longitude_n be_v different_a the_o noonetide_v be_v also_o different_a that_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n be_v vary_v according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n in_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o matter_n obvious_a to_o every_o man_n understanding_n out_o of_o two_o premise_a ground_n 1_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a 2_o that_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o diurnal_a course_n once_o in_o 24_o hour_n compass_v it_o round_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o place_n situate_v eastward_o see_v the_o sun_n soon_o than_o those_o which_o be_v place_v in_o the_o west_n and_o that_o with_o a_o proportional_a difference_n of_o time_n that_o to_o every_o hour_n in_o the_o sun_n motion_n be_v assign_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o correspondent_a mile_n which_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n express_v in_o a_o geographical_a globe_n or_o map_n wherein_o we_o shall_v find_v describe_v 12_o meridian_n which_o divide_v the_o whole_a compass_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n into_o 24_o equal_a part_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o betwixt_o each_o of_o the_o two_o near_o meridian_n be_v reckon_v 15_o degree_n which_o make_v one_o hour_n by_o which_o we_o may_v more_o easy_o understand_v how_o soon_o the_o noone-time_n happen_v in_o one_o city_n before_o another_o for_o if_o one_o city_n stand_v eastward_o from_o another_o the_o space_n of_o three_o of_o those_o foresay_a meridian_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o will_v enjoy_v noon_n three_o hour_n before_o the_o other_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o difference_n of_o time_n be_v the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n wherein_o to_o every_o hour_n the_o cosmographer_n have_v allot_v 15_o degree_n in_o the_o sun_n diurnal_a motion_n so_o that_o 15_o degree_n multiply_v by_o 24_o hour_n which_o be_v the_o whole_a natural_a day_n there_o will_v be_v produce_v 360_o which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o degree_n in_o the_o whole_a circle_n 3_o if_o two_o man_n from_o the_o same_o place_n travel_n the_o one_o eastward_o the_o other_o westward_o round_o about_o the_o earth_n and_o meet_v in_o the_o same_o place_n again_o they_o shall_v find_v that_o he_o which_o have_v go_v eastward_o have_v get_v and_o the_o other_o go_v westward_o have_v lose_v a_o day_n in_o their_o account_n this_o be_v without_o difficulty_n to_o be_v understand_v out_o of_o the_o change_n of_o longitude_n second_v by_o their_o travel_n vary_v perpetual_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o day_n for_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o he_o who_o from_o any_o place_n assign_v sail_v eastward_o move_v continual_o against_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v shorten_v somewhat_o of_o his_o day_n take_v away_o so_o much_o from_o it_o as_o his_o journey_n in_o proportion_n of_o distance_n have_v oppose_v and_o anticipate_v in_o the_o time_n the_o diurnal_a course_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o that_o daily_o gain_v something_o from_o the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n which_o must_v be_v elsewhere_o recompense_v it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o in_o the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o will_v amount_v to_o 24._o hour_n correspondent_a to_o the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o will_v make_v another_o day_n likewise_o if_o we_o suppose_v another_o in_o compass_v about_o the_o earth_n to_o go_v westward_o it_o can_v be_v otherwise_o imagine_v but_o that_o second_v the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o his_o own_o journey_n he_o will_v daily_o add_v somewhat_o to_o the_o length_n of_o his_o day_n answerable_a to_o his_o distance_n from_o the_o place_n wherein_o he_o begin_v to_o follow_v the_o sun_n in_o his_o course_n from_o east_n to_o west_n the_o daily_a addition_n to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n proportional_a to_o the_o longitude_n which_o he_o change_v the_o sun_n run_v a_o like_a course_n must_v daily_o diminish_v somewhat_o of_o the_o diurnal_a course_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o so_o at_o his_o journey_n end_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n answerable_a to_o 24._o hour_n in_o the_o sun_n course_n it_o will_v loose_v a_o whole_a day_n to_o demonstrate_v both_o these_o case_n we_o will_v imagine_v in_o supposition_n that_o of_o these_o two_o travailler_n go_v the_o one_o eastward_o the_o other_o westward_o the_o former_a shall_v take_v away_o from_o the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n or_o the_o latter_a add_v to_o it_o for_o every_o 15._o mile_n one_o minute_n then_o by_o the_o golden_a rule_n if_o 15._o mile_n either_o subtract_v or_o add_v one_o
expression_n and_o manner_n of_o description_n of_o region_n aswell_o in_o the_o find_n out_o the_o angle_n of_o position_n as_o translation_n of_o place_n former_o find_v out_o into_o the_o globe_n or_o chart._n chap._n 4._o special_a which_o contain_v the_o distinction_n of_o a_o place_n into_o sea_n who_o description_n be_v call_v hydrography_n in_o which_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o adjunct_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v either_o internal_a which_o be_v inbred_a in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o again_o be_v either_o absolute_a such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n without_o any_o comparison_n of_o it_o with_o the_o land_n here_o we_o observe_v in_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o figure_n and_o quality_n chap._n 5._o 2_o the_o motion_n natural_a and_o violent_a chap._n 6._o comparative_a which_o concern_v the_o depth_n situation_n and_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n chap._n 7._o external_a which_o concern_v sea-trafficke_n and_o merchandise_n chap._n 8._o land_n which_o we_o term_v pedography_n who_o accident_n be_v either_o natural_a which_o be_v again_o divide_v into_o perpetual_a such_o as_o ordinary_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n these_o again_o be_v either_o absolute_a wherein_o we_o have_v no_o respect_n unto_o the_o sea_n here_o we_o consider_v the_o nature_n 1_o of_o river_n fountain_n and_o lakeâ—_n chap._n 9_o 2_o of_o mountain_n vallieâ—_n and_o plaine-region_n woody_a and_o champion_n country_n chap._n 10._o comparative_a wherein_o we_o consider_v the_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o land_n chap._n 11._o casual_a which_o seldom_o fall_v out_o such_o as_o be_v inundation_n and_o earthquake_n chap._n 12._o civil_a which_o concern_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o any_o place_n in_o who_o we_o consider_v the_o original_a or_o offspring_n chap._n 13._o disposition_n which_o be_v vary_v either_o accorâ—â—â—â—_n 〈…〉_z 1_o site_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n chap._n 14._o 2_o soil_n chap._n 15._o geographie_n the_o second_o book_n chap._n i._o of_o topographie_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o former_a treatise_n by_o god_n assistance_n we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o spherical_a part_n of_o geography_n it_o will_v in_o the_o second_o place_n seem_v convenient_a to_o speak_v of_o the_o topical_a part_n of_o it_o 2_o the_o topical_a part_n teach_v the_o description_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o place_n the_o nature_n of_o topographie_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v in_o this_o second_o part_n be_v discover_v unto_o we_o not_o only_o in_o the_o name_n which_o promise_v a_o description_n of_o place_n but_o also_o in_o the_o difference_n set_v down_o by_o ptolemy_n himself_o betwixt_o the_o spherical_a and_o topical_a part_n the_o former_a of_o which_o he_o call_v geography_n and_o latter_a topographie_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v at_o large_a in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o our_o former_a book_n here_o only_o we_o will_v note_v this_o one_o distinction_n that_o tâ—â—ograhie_n may_v be_v tâ—ken_v either_o more_o general_o or_o special_o general_o we_o may_v take_v it_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o discover_v unto_o we_o either_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o all_o his_o part_n or_o at_o least_o some_o great_a and_o principal_a part_n such_o as_o be_v a_o empire_n region_n kingdom_n or_o such_o like_a more_o special_o and_o particular_o it_o have_v usual_o be_v take_v for_o the_o description_n of_o a_o very_a small_a place_n who_o situation_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v not_o note_v but_o of_o the_o part_v one_o to_o the_o other_o such_o as_o be_v city_n burrowes_n townes_n castle_n lake_n and_o river_n the_o former_a whereat_o we_o chief_o aim_v can_v well_o be_v perform_v without_o the_o use_n of_o the_o spherical_a part_n that_o latter_a we_o will_v more_o spare_o touch_v be_v a_o infinite_a task_n in_o the_o whole_a earth_n to_o descend_v to_o all_o particular_n which_o come_v in_o our_o way_n yet_o shall_v we_o not_o altogether_o omit_v or_o neglect_v such_o circumstance_n in_o their_o due_a place_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o we_o can_v leave_v the_o rest_n to_o such_o topographer_n who_o spend_v their_o stock_n in_o the_o description_n of_o some_o particular_a place_n or_o region_n whereof_o this_o our_o age_n have_v produce_v many_o deserve_a high_a commendation_n this_o science_n be_v ancient_o adorn_v by_o homer_n anâ—â—imander_n milesius_n haecataeus_fw-la democritus_n eudoxius_n dicaearchus_n euphorus_n as_o we_o find_v in_o straboes_n first_o book_n to_o which_o afterward_o succeed_v eratosthenes_n polybius_n possidonius_fw-la and_o diverse_a other_o which_o part_n require_v little_a or_o small_a knowledge_n in_o the_o science_n mathematical_a but_o challenge_v more_o affinity_n with_o the_o physical_a and_o political_a part_n of_o philosophy_n and_o therefore_o be_v more_o subject_n to_o popular_a understanding_n then_o the_o former_a and_o may_v without_o it_o afford_v some_o profit_n to_o the_o reader_n 3_o the_o topical_a part_n be_v either_o general_a or_o special_a the_o general_n be_v that_o which_o handle_v the_o general_a adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n 4_o a_o place_n be_v a_o superficial_a space_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n fit_v for_o habitation_n to_o the_o constitution_n of_o a_o place_n as_o it_o be_v here_o topographical_o take_v there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o concurrence_n of_o two_o thing_n which_o we_o may_v call_v matter_n and_o form_n the_o matter_n be_v the_o space_n contain_v or_o superficial_a platform_n of_o the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o dwell_v the_o form_n be_v the_o capability_n or_o aptness_n of_o it_o for_o habitation_n both_o which_o concur_v together_o be_v conceive_v to_o make_v a_o place_n such_o as_o we_o here_o topographical_o understand_v for_o here_o we_o understand_v not_o a_o place_n physical_o for_o the_o receptacle_n of_o a_o natural_a body_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o heaven_n and_o all_o the_o element_n be_v say_v to_o have_v their_o natural_a place_n neither_o yet_o geometrical_o for_o a_o plain_a whereon_o a_o line_n or_o figure_n may_v be_v draw_v but_o topographical_o for_o the_o upper_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n whereon_o people_n or_o other_o live_a creature_n may_v inhabit_v this_o place_n as_o appear_v by_o reason_n and_o holy_a scripture_n be_v more_o ancient_a than_o habitation_n for_o whereas_o in_o the_o first_o mass_n the_o earth_n be_v invelope_v with_o water_n on_o every_o side_n afford_v no_o place_n for_o dwell_v almighty_a god_n be_v say_v afterward_o to_o have_v separate_v and_o part_v the_o water_n from_o the_o dry_a land_n make_v the_o one_o a_o receptacle_n for_o fish_n and_o such_o creature_n of_o the_o deep_a the_o other_o for_o a_o dwell_a place_n for_o mankind_n and_o such_o creature_n as_o breath_n upon_o the_o land_n yet_o have_v he_o so_o provide_v in_o his_o divine_a wisdom_n that_o neither_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o land_n can_v well_o want_v the_o sea_n nor_o the_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o sea_n want_v the_o land_n the_o one_o appear_v in_o that_o we_o be_v enforce_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o only_o for_o â—ood_a and_o nourishment_n whereof_o a_o great_a part_n consist_v of_o fish_n but_o also_o for_o our_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n with_o foreign_a nation_n which_o be_v better_o effect_v by_o sea_n then_o land-voyage_n the_o latter_a be_v as_o easy_o show_v in_o that_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o sea_n derive_v not_o only_o their_o composition_n but_o also_o their_o proper_a nourishment_n from_o the_o land_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v more_o occasion_n to_o speak_v hereafter_o now_o we_o be_v moreover_o to_o consider_v that_o a_o place_n may_v be_v take_v in_o a_o double_a sense_n first_o more_o large_o for_o any_o place_n wherein_o a_o creature_n may_v live_v for_o long_a or_o short_a time_n second_o more_o strict_o for_o such_o a_o space_n of_o earth_n whereon_o mankind_n may_v convenient_o reside_v or_o dwell_v the_o former_a comprehend_v not_o only_o the_o land_n but_o also_o the_o water_n for_o experience_n show_v that_o man_n in_o ship_n may_v for_o a_o time_n reside_v and_o dwell_v on_o the_o back_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n but_o the_o latter_a betoken_v a_o continuance_n of_o habitation_n be_v only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o land_n which_o sense_n howbeit_o it_o be_v more_o consonant_n to_o the_o common_a use_n of_o speech_n yet_o for_o method_n sake_n we_o be_v enforce_v to_o use_v the_o former_a understand_v by_o habitation_n not_o only_o a_o place_n of_o convenient_a residence_n but_o any_o other_o whereon_o a_o creature_n for_o a_o time_n may_v breathe_v and_o live_v 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v everywhere_o habitable_a it_o be_v a_o ancient_a opinion_n as_o we_o have_v former_o touch_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o everywhere_o habitable_a namely_o in_o the_o intemperate_a zone_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o earth_n
geographie_n delineate_v forth_o in_o two_o book_n contain_v the_o spherical_a and_o topical_a part_n thereof_o by_o nathanael_n carpenter_n fellow_n of_o exeter_n college_n in_o oxford_n the_o second_o edition_n correct_v ecclesiast_n 1._o one_o generation_n come_v and_o another_o go_v but_o the_o earth_n remain_v for_o ever_o oxford_z print_v by_o john_n lichfield_n for_o henry_n cripps_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o henry_n curteyne_a anno_fw-la domini_fw-la m._n dc_o xxxv_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a william_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n lord_n chamberlaine_n to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n knight_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o chancellor_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n right_o honourable_a this_o poor_a infant_n of_o i_o which_o i_o now_o offer_v to_o your_o honourable_a acceptance_n be_v consecrate_v you_o in_o the_o first_o conception_n if_o the_o hasty_a desire_n i_o have_v to_o present_v it_o make_v it_o as_o a_o abortive_a brat_n seem_v unworthy_a my_o first_o wish_n and_o your_o favourable_a patronage_n impute_v it_o i_o beseech_v you_o not_o to_o self-will_a but_o duty_n which_o will_v rather_o show_v herself_o too_o officious_a then_o negligent_a what_o i_o now_o dedicate_v rather_o to_o your_o honour_n than_o my_o own_o ambition_n i_o desire_v no_o far_o to_o be_v account_v i_o than_o your_o generous_a approbation_n wish_v it_o no_o other_o fate_n then_o either_o to_o die_v with_o your_o dislike_n or_o live_v with_o your_o name_n and_o memory_n the_o general_a acclamation_n of_o the_o learned_a of_o this_o age_n acknowledge_v with_o all_o thankful_a duty_n as_o well_o your_o love_n to_o learning_n as_o zeal_n to_o religion_n have_v long_o since_o stamp_v i_o you_o this_o arrogant_a desire_n of_o i_o ground_v more_o on_o your_o heroic_a virtue_n than_o my_o private_a end_n promise_v i_o more_o in_o your_o honourable_a estimation_n than_o some_o other_o in_o your_o greatness_n the_o expression_n of_o myself_o in_o these_o faculty_n beside_o my_o profession_n indebt_v more_o to_o love_n than_o ability_n set_v my_o ambition_n a_o pinch_n high_o than_o my_o nature_n but_o such_o be_v the_o magnificent_a splendour_n of_o your_o countenance_n which_o may_v easy_o lend_v your_o poor_a servant_n so_o much_o light_n as_o to_o lead_v he_o out_o of_o darkness_n and_o as_o the_o sun_n reflect_v on_o the_o base_a earth_n at_o once_o both_o view_n and_o guild_v his_o imperfection_n my_o language_n and_o formality_n i_o owe_v not_o to_o the_o court_n but_o university_n whereof_o i_o can_v but_o expect_v your_o honour_n to_o be_v a_o impartial_a umpire_n be_v a_o most_o vigorous_a member_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o head_n of_o the_o other_o corporation_n if_o these_o fruit_n of_o my_o labour_n purchase_v so_o much_o as_o your_o honour_n least_o approbabation_n i_o shall_v hold_v my_o wish_n even_o accomplish_v in_o their_o end_n and_o desire_v only_a to_o be_v think_v so_o worthy_a in_o your_o honourable_a esteem_n as_o to_o live_v and_o die_v your_o honour_n in_o all_o duty_n and_o service_n to_o be_v command_v nathanael_n carpenter_n the_o analysis_n of_o the_o first_o book_n geography_n who_o object_n be_v the_o whole_a earth_n be_v either_o spherical_a which_o be_v twofold_a either_o primary_n which_o consider_v the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n either_o as_o it_o be_v natural_a wherein_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v two_o thing_n the_o principle_n whereof_o it_o consist_v to_o wit_n matter_n and_o form_n chapter_n 1._o propriety_n arise_v out_o of_o they_o which_o again_o be_v either_o real_a such_o as_o be_v assign_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o which_o be_v either_o elementary_a as_o the_o conformity_n of_o all_o the_o part_n concur_v to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o sphere_n chapter_n 2._o magnetical_a which_o be_v either_o partial_a as_o the_o coition_n direction_n variation_n declination_n chap._n 3._o totall_n as_o the_o verticity_n and_o revolution_n chap._n 4._o heaven_n wherein_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o site_n stability_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n chap._n 5._o imaginary_a such_o as_o be_v the_o circle_n and_o lineament_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o who_o invention_n and_o expression_n chap._n 6._o artificial_a in_o the_o artificial_a sphere_n represent_v the_o natural_a unto_o we_o which_o be_v either_o common_a or_o magnetical_a chap._n 7._o secondary_a which_o handle_v such_o matter_n in_o the_o sphere_n as_o secondary_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o first_o such_o be_v measure_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o diverse_a manner_n of_o invention_n chap._n 8._o distinction_n which_o be_v either_o space_n consider_v simple_o in_o themselves_o in_o which_o sort_n they_o be_v divide_v into_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n chap._n 9_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o suffer_v manifold_a distinction_n chap._n 10._o distance_n which_o be_v either_o simple_a wherein_o be_v consider_v the_o longitude_n &_o latitude_n of_o place_n chap._n 11._o comparative_a wherein_o two_o place_n differ_v either_o in_o longitude_n or_o latitude_n or_o both_o be_v consider_v chap._n 12._o topical_a libro_fw-la 2o._o of_o the_o special_a content_n of_o each_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o book_n according_a to_o the_o several_a theorem_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o matter_n and_o form_n 1_o in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v more_o earth_n than_o water_n pag._n 8_o 2_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n together_o make_v one_o sphere_n pag._n 10_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o conformity_n of_o part_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o the_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n do_v natural_o conform_v and_o dispose_v themselves_o as_o well_o to_o the_o production_n and_o generation_n as_o to_o the_o continuance_n and_o preservation_n of_o it_o pag._n 14_o 2_o all_o earthly_a body_n incline_v and_o approach_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v 16_o 3_o of_o two_o heavy_a body_n strive_v for_o the_o same_o place_n that_o always_o prevail_v which_o be_v heavy_a 22_o 4_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o earth_n enjoy_v the_o low_a place_n the_o next_o the_o water_n and_o the_o last_o the_o air_n ibid._n 5_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o a_o attractive_a but_o a_o mere_a respective_a point_n 25._o 6_o the_o same_o point_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o magnitude_n and_o weight_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 26_o 7_o every_o point_n or_o centre_n of_o a_o weighty_a body_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n by_o a_o right_a line_n 27_o 8_o a_o heavy_a point_n move_v towards_o the_o centre_n will_v move_v fast_o in_o the_o end_n then_o in_o the_o beginning_n 28_o 9_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o magnitude_n towards_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o mere_o natural_a but_o mix_v with_o a_o violent_a motion_n 29_o 10_o the_o line_n wherein_o the_o centre_n of_o two_o heavy_a body_n be_v move_v downeward_o be_v continue_v will_v meet_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n 31_o 11_o two_o heavy_a body_n of_o the_o same_o figure_n and_o matter_n whether_o equal_a or_o unequal_a will_v in_o a_o equal_a time_n move_v in_o a_o equal_a space_n 32_o 12_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v round_o and_o spherical_a 33_o 13_o the_o rugged_a and_o unequal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n hinder_v not_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o it_o 36_o 14_o the_o water_n concur_v with_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o globe_n be_v also_o spherical_a 38_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o partial_a magnetical_a affection_n in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v of_o a_o magnetical_a nature_n and_o disposition_n pag._n 46_o 2_o the_o magnetical_a motion_n be_v excite_v in_o a_o small_a and_o unperceivable_a difference_n of_o time_n 49_o 3_o the_o motive_n quality_n be_v spread_v spherical_o through_o every_o part_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n 49_o 4_o the_o motive_n quality_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n in_o other_o part_n so_o much_o the_o strong_a by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v situate_v near_o the_o pole_n 50_o 5_o magnetical_a body_n move_v not_o uncertain_o but_o have_v their_o motion_n direct_v and_o conform_v to_o certain_a bound_n 52_o 6_o the_o magnet_n communicate_v his_o virtue_n to_o iron_n or_o steel_n if_o it_o be_v touch_v with_o it_o 55_o 7_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n 56_o 8_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o loadstone_n turn_v to_o the_o north_n and_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n 57_o 9_o the_o contrary_a motion_n in_o magnet_n be_v the_o just_a confluxe_n and_o conformity_n of_o such_o body_n to_o magnetical_a union_n 59_o 10_o if_o any_o part_n southward_a of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v tear_v away_o or_o diminish_v so_o much_o
the_o persian_n be_v there_o observe_v a_o eclipse_n at_o the_o five_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n 4._o which_o selfsame_o eclipse_n be_v see_v in_o carthage_n at_o the_o second_o which_o to_o any_o man_n appear_v plain_o in_o this_o figure_n here_o insert_v in_o like_a manner_n a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o campania_n which_o be_v observe_v betwixt_o 8_o and_o 9_o be_v as_o pliny_n report_v see_v in_o armenia_n betwixt_o 10_o and_o 11_o of_o the_o clock_n 72._o whence_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o this_o difference_n of_o appearance_n arise_v from_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v itself_o betwixt_o these_o two_o place_n another_o reason_n to_o prove_v the_o spericall_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n wherein_o the_o obscure_a point_n be_v describe_v by_o a_o spherical_a figure_n which_o must_v needs_o argue_v that_o the_o body_n which_o cause_v the_o shadow_n be_v also_o round_o for_o as_o the_o opticke_n teach_v we_o the_o shadow_n be_v wont_a to_o follow_v and_o imitate_v the_o opacous_a body_n whence_o it_o proceed_v and_o all_o man_n confess_v that_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v make_v by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n betwixt_o the_o sun_n &_o moon_n intercept_n the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o shall_v illustrate_v &_o lighten_v the_o moon_n the_o three_o reason_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o absurdity_n which_o will_v follow_v shall_v we_o admit_v any_o other_o figure_n beside_o for_o grant_v it_o to_o be_v plain_a as_o some_o of_o the_o platonist_n have_v imagine_v it_o will_v necessary_o follow_v in_o reason_n 1_o that_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n will_v be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n 2_o that_o there_o will_v be_v the_o same_o face_n and_o appearance_n of_o the_o heaven_n in_o all_o place_n 3_o that_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n with_o other_o star_n will_v in_o all_o place_n arise_v alike_o at_o the_o same_o hour_n 4_o that_o all_o eclipse_n will_v appear_v to_o all_o place_n at_o the_o same_o hour_n 5_o that_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o day_n &_o night_n will_v be_v at_o all_o place_n 6_o that_o the_o shadow_n will_v be_v every_o where_o alike_o and_o one_o region_n will_v not_o be_v hot_a or_o cold_a than_o another_o all_o which_o will_v plain_o stand_v opposite_a to_o reason_n and_o experience_n as_o many_o or_o more_o will_v prove_v the_o absurdity_n of_o those_o that_o ascribe_v to_o the_o earth_n any_o other_o figure_n then_o spherical_a which_o i_o willing_o pass_v over_o as_o not_o will_v to_o fight_v with_o shadow_n and_o feign_v a_o opposition_n where_o i_o scarce_o find_v a_o adversary_n these_o reason_n be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a diverse_a other_o popular_a argument_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o final_a cause_n to_o countenance_v this_o assertion_n for_o no_o other_o figure_n can_v be_v assign_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o can_v more_o uphold_v the_o order_n of_o nature_n or_o speak_v the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o omnipotent_a creator_n 1_o because_o such_o a_o figure_n will_v best_o beseem_v the_o earth_n the_o seat_n and_o dwelling-place_n of_o all_o live_a creature_n which_o be_v most_o capable_a because_o otherwise_o the_o god_n of_o nature_n will_v seem_v to_o do_v something_o in_o vain_a and_o without_o cause_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o same_o capacity_n may_v be_v confine_v within_o strict_a bound_n now_o it_o be_v apparent_a to_o all_o mathematician_n that_o among_o all_o those_o figure_n which_o they_o call_v isoperâ—â—etrall_a a_o circle_n be_v the_o most_o capable_a and_o among_o the_o rest_n those_o which_o approach_v near_a unto_o a_o circle_n and_o as_o we_o esteem_v of_o a_o circle_n describe_v in_o a_o plain_a surface_n so_o must_v we_o judge_v in_o solide_n of_o a_o sphere_n which_o profitable_a geometry_n of_o nature_n we_o shall_v find_v instill_v into_o most_o live_a creature_n who_o by_o a_o certain_a natural_a instinct_n without_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n make_v their_o nest_n and_o resting-place_n of_o a_o spherical_a figure_n as_o most_o convenient_a and_o of_o great_a capacity_n as_o experience_n show_v we_o in_o the_o nest_n of_o bird_n and_o bee-hive_n wherein_o the_o cell_n be_v fashion_v round_o &_o spherical_a 2_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o holy_a scripture_n consonant_a to_o this_o opinion_n in_o diverse_a place_n but_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v impiety_n to_o use_v those_o sacred_a help_n in_o a_o matter_n out_o of_o controversy_n and_o need_v no_o such_o demonstration_n 2_o the_o rugged_a and_o unequal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n hinder_v not_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o it_o it_o be_v think_v by_o ignorant_a people_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o round_o because_o of_o the_o rugged_a and_o uneven_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o for_o somewhere_o it_o swell_v with_o great_a and_o high_a mountain_n rock_n and_o hill_n otherwhere_a it_o seem_v indent_v and_o as_o it_o be_v trench_v into_o valley_n &_o concavity_n all_o which_o seem_v to_o detract_v from_o a_o true_a spherical_a superficies_n because_o in_o such_o a_o one_o every_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o it_o shall_v be_v equal_a one_o to_o the_o other_o indeed_o that_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o absolute_o and_o geometrical_o round_a as_o a_o artificial_a sphere_n be_v confess_v by_o eratosthenes_n cite_v by_o strabo_n in_o his_o 1_o book_n of_o geographie_n whence_o pliny_n in_o his_o â—_o book_n cap._n 21._o say_v 1._o that_o the_o earth_n &_o water_n make_v one_o globe_n not_o so_o absolute_o round_a as_o the_o heaven_n but_o much_o different_a 〈◊〉_d also_o strabo_n confirm_v this_o proposition_n depend_v on_o these_o 3_o reason_n which_o follow_v will_v show_v that_o this_o inequality_n how_o great_a soever_o it_o seem_v to_o the_o sight_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a and_o bear_v no_o proportion_n with_o the_o huge_a vastness_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n the_o first_o be_v take_v from_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o the_o great_a and_o high_a mountain_n which_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o find_v to_o exceed_v 10_o mile_n although_o few_o mathematician_n will_v grant_v so_o much_o whereas_o the_o whole_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v no_o less_o thâ—n_n 7200_o english_a mile_n so_o that_o these_o hill_n compare_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v but_o â—s_v 10_o to_o 7200_o which_o indeed_o have_v no_o sensible_a proportion_n the_o second_o be_v take_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o interpose_a earth_n be_v describe_v by_o a_o spherical_a figure_n without_o any_o unequal_a or_o rugged_a part_n which_o no_o doubt_n will_v appear_v if_o these_o part_n challenge_v any_o due_a proportion_n or_o sensible_a quantity_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n three_o some_o have_v illustrate_v this_o by_o a_o round_a bowl_n or_o ball_n who_o external_a surface_n although_o unequal_a and_o indent_v here_o &_o there_o with_o scotch_n otherwhere_a swell_a with_o knob_n will_v notwithstanding_o be_v interpose_v betwixt_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o a_o wall_n or_o such_o place_n give_v a_o round_a or_o spherical_a shadow_n in_o the_o same_o wall_n or_o plain_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o little_a quantity_n of_o these_o small_a part_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n in_o like_a sort_n must_v we_o imagine_v the_o mountain_n and_o unequal_a part_n in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v no_o otherwise_o then_o as_o so_o many_o wart_n or_o pimple_n in_o the_o face_n of_o man_n which_o can_v alter_v his_o duâ—_n proportion_n or_o symmetry_n of_o the_o part_n 3_o the_o water_n concur_v with_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o globe_n be_v also_o spherical_a it_o be_v a_o proposition_n agree_v on_o by_o archimedes_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o ancient_a mathematician_n of_o any_o note_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n or_o any_o other_o liquor_n stand_v and_o subsist_v quiet_o of_o it_o self_n be_v spherical_a who_o centre_n will_v be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n which_o we_o be_v here_o to_o handle_v because_o it_o appertain_v to_o the_o make_v up_o of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n although_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n hereafter_o to_o speak_v special_o concern_v the_o water_n in_o hydrographie_n in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o treatise_n the_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o assertion_n beside_o those_o that_o in_o general_n prove_v the_o sphericity_n of_o the_o terrene_a globe_n be_v diverse_a 1_v it_o be_v observe_v that_o passenger_n in_o a_o ship_n launch_v out_o into_o the_o deep_a from_o some_o haven_n will_v first_o perceive_v the_o tower_n building_n castle_n promontory_n and_o tree_n stand_v
but_o after_o 10000_o pace_n it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o sight_n i_o will_v here_o ask_v the_o geographer_n quoth_v patricius_n whether_o in_o so_o short_a a_o distance_n wherein_o the_o bottom_n for_o the_o whole_a space_n surpass_v not_o two_o foot_n in_o depth_n the_o water_n can_v ascend_v to_o 72_o foot_n have_v it_o be_v my_o chance_n to_o have_v go_v with_o patricius_n over_o the_o lake_n i_o may_v perhaps_o by_o observation_n of_o this_o experiment_n have_v give_v a_o more_o probable_a conjecture_n of_o the_o cause_n nevertheless_o be_v unacquainted_a aswell_o with_o the_o place_n as_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o observation_n i_o may_v perhaps_o guess_v somewhat_o at_o his_o error_n first_o then_o whereas_o he_o aver_v that_o pass_v along_o for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o 1000_o pace_n a_o tower_n of_o 72_o foot_n high_a seem_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o midst_n which_o at_o 10000_o vanish_v out_o of_o sight_n i_o confess_v that_o in_o so_o short_a a_o space_n the_o swell_a of_o the_o water_n inter-posed_n can_v not_o be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o hinder_v the_o sight_n and_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o effect_n wherefore_o some_o other_o accidental_a cause_n must_v be_v seek_v out_o for_o the_o find_n out_o of_o which_o to_o come_v as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v make_v inquiry_n whether_o this_o passage_n of_o the_o boat_n be_v direct_o forward_o from_o the_o tower_n on_o the_o water_n no_o land_n inter-posed_n or_o indirect_o side-wise_a in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o shore_n may_v be_v place_v betwixt_o their_o sight_n and_o the_o tower_n mention_v the_o former_a no_o way_n can_v be_v imagine_v foras_fw-la much_o as_o it_o not_o only_o contradict_v the_o ground_n of_o our_o receive_a philosophy_n but_o also_o of_o patricius_n himself_o for_o give_v the_o earth_n a_o plain_a surface_n or_o angular_a or_o any_o other_o form_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o in_o so_o short_a a_o distance_n such_o a_o effect_n shall_v happen_v out_o of_o the_o figurature_n of_o the_o water_n if_o the_o passage_n be_v oblique_a or_o indirect_a in_o such_o wise_a as_o the_o shore_n may_v any_o way_n interpose_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o boat_n and_o the_o tower_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o imagine_v how_o such_o a_o experiment_n shall_v happen_v for_o the_o land_n by_o which_o the_o boat_n may_v be_v carry_v may_v have_v a_o ascent_n by_o such_o degree_n as_o the_o tower_n at_o 1000_o pace_n may_v be_v for_o the_o half_a of_o it_o obscure_v and_o at_o last_o be_v altogether_o take_v out_o of_o sight_n this_o reason_n then_o of_o patricius_n seem_v rather_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o land_n then_o the_o water_n the_o three_o reason_n of_o patricius_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o homogeneity_n of_o the_o water_n if_o the_o water_n say_v he_o have_v a_o round_a superficies_n the_o part_n of_o it_o will_v challenge_v the_o like_a figure_n because_o in_o homogeneal_a body_n the_o same_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v give_v of_o the_o whole_a and_o of_o the_o part_n but_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o spherical_a as_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o diverse_a instance_n 1_o because_o water_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o pot_n seem_v not_o to_o have_v any_o such_o spherical_a roundness_n for_o although_o at_o the_o brink_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v restrain_v above_o the_o pot_n yet_o no_o such_o swell_a appear_v in_o the_o middle_n 2_o that_o river_n be_v keep_v in_o by_o their_o bank_n which_o otherwise_o will_v flow_v abroad_o 3_o that_o river_n when_o by_o the_o melt_a of_o snow_n they_o swell_v so_o great_a as_o they_o can_v hardly_o be_v contain_v within_o their_o bank_n do_v not_o seem_v high_o in_o the_o middle_n then_o in_o other_o place_n 4_o if_o any_o man_n from_o one_o side_n of_o the_o river_n to_o the_o other_o level_v at_o any_o mark_n he_o may_v sure_o hit_v it_o which_o he_o shall_v not_o do_v if_o there_o be_v any_o spherical_a swell_n in_o the_o midst_n which_o may_v hinder_v the_o sight_n 5_o and_o last_o it_o seem_v so_o unlikely_a that_o the_o water_n shall_v rise_v in_o the_o midst_n that_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a it_o shall_v be_v more_o hollow_a in_o that_o we_o plain_o observe_v that_o all_o filth_n and_o rubbish_n carry_v from_o the_o bank_n into_o the_o river_n be_v wont_a to_o settle_v and_o swim_v in_o the_o midst_n notwithstanding_o all_o these_o argument_n of_o patricius_n our_o ground_n be_v yet_o unshake_a 1_n concern_v small_a drop_n and_o water_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o pot_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v round_o and_o spherical_a though_o not_o exact_o the_o reason_n whereof_o we_o shall_v declare_v hereafter_o this_o roundness_n i_o confess_v serve_v not_o any_o way_n to_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o assertion_n because_o the_o sphericity_n and_o roundness_n which_o we_o aver_v to_o be_v in_o water_n have_v for_o its_o centre_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o therefore_o in_o so_o small_a a_o arch_n or_o section_n as_o the_o breadth_n of_o a_o pot_n or_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n can_v possible_o have_v any_o sensible_a appearance_n or_o existence_n and_o we_o must_v needs_o confess_v that_o this_o experiment_n be_v very_o fond_o urge_v to_o this_o purpose_n by_o some_o of_o our_o geographer_n and_o such_o as_o stand_v not_o with_o any_o demonstration_n which_o grant_v sufficient_o answer_v all_o the_o reason_n last_o urge_v by_o patricius_n except_o the_o last_o for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o require_v in_o the_o water_n a_o sensible_a appearance_n of_o this_o roundness_n in_o every_o river_n or_o little_a parcel_n of_o water_n which_o can_v be_v admit_v touch_v the_o last_o thing_n which_o he_o urge_v that_o all_o the_o rubbish_n and_o filthy_a matter_n be_v from_o the_o bank_n carry_v into_o the_o middle_n whence_o he_o will_v infer_v the_o middle_a to_o be_v hollow_a and_o low_a we_o can_v answer_v diverse_a way_n 1_o that_o this_o experiment_n be_v not_o always_o certain_a because_o every_o man_n may_v oftentimes_o see_v the_o contrary_a to_o wit_n that_o such_o filthy_a rubbish_n rather_o use_v to_o cleave_v to_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n then_o to_o float_v into_o the_o midst_n 2_o that_o if_o any_o such_o thing_n happen_v it_o be_v because_o of_o the_o torrent_n which_o run_v violent_o from_o the_o bank_n into_o the_o midst_n carry_v with_o it_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v light_n the_o steepnesse_n of_o the_o place_n be_v great_a the_o current_n wide_o or_o swift_a but_o nothing_o here_o can_v be_v conclude_v to_o prove_v the_o water_n according_a to_o his_o natural_a force_n to_o be_v either_o plain_a or_o hollow_a in_o the_o midst_n which_o this_o adversary_n undertake_v to_o demonstrate_v chap._n iii_o of_o the_o partial_a magnetical_a affection_n in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o hitherto_o have_v we_o discourse_v of_o such_o affection_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n as_o be_v elementary_a and_o know_v heretofore_o to_o ancient_a philosopher_n it_o follow_v in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o we_o treat_v of_o magnetical_a affection_n to_o wit_n such_o as_o follow_v the_o magnetical_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o virtue_n and_o propriety_n of_o the_o loadstone_n many_o have_v write_v but_o few_o seek_v out_o the_o true_a nature_n the_o invention_n of_o it_o be_v attribute_v to_o a_o certain_a herdsman_n who_o have_v his_o shoe_n shod_a with_o iron_n and_o a_o iron-pike_n in_o his_o hand_n rest_v himself_o on_o a_o quarry_n of_o loadstone_n can_v hardly_o remove_v himself_o from_o thence_o but_o this_o seem_v rather_o a_o pleasant_a poetical_a invention_n than_o a_o true_a history_n have_v no_o good_a author_n to_o avouch_v it_o but_o to_o let_v pass_v the_o first_o invention_n be_v a_o matter_n rather_o indebt_v to_o chance_v then_o industry_n no_o small_a difficulty_n have_v discover_v themselves_o in_o the_o invention_n and_o find_v out_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o magnetical_a property_n somewhat_o i_o confess_v have_v be_v write_v of_o such_o magnetical_a affection_n as_o have_v be_v most_o know_v such_o as_o be_v the_o virtue_n attractive_a by_o which_o it_o draw_v to_o itself_o iron_n or_o steel_n as_o also_o the_o virtue_n directive_a by_o which_o a_o needle_n touch_v with_o the_o magnet_n direct_v and_o conform_v itself_o north_n and_o south_n the_o rest_n of_o magnetical_a propriety_n i_o find_v in_o ancient_a writer_n as_o little_o know_v as_o their_o cause_n &_o if_o any_o matter_n herein_o be_v broach_v it_o be_v mere_o conjectural_a and_o depend_v on_o no_o certain_a demonstration_n neither_o have_v we_o any_o certain_a or_o satisfactory_a knowledge_n of_o this_o thing_n until_o such_o time_n as_o it_o please_v god_n to_o raise_v up_o one_o of_o our_o countryman_n d._n gilbert_n who_o to_o his_o everlasting_a praise_n have_v tread_v out_o a_o new_a path_n to_o
his_o elementary_a constitution_n this_o reason_n will_v hardly_o admit_v of_o a_o solid_a answer_n for_o howsoever_o in_o the_o vast_a frame_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o addition_n or_o subtraction_n of_o some_o part_n will_v make_v but_o a_o insensible_a difference_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o be_v deny_v but_o the_o least_o weight_n whatsoever_o add_v or_o subtract_v will_v turn_v it_o from_o its_o equall-poyze_a nevertheless_o this_o i_o hold_v too_o absurd_a for_o a_o christian_n to_o believe_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o contradict_v the_o sense_n of_o holy_a scripture_n 104._o which_o aver_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v so_o settle_v on_o her_o foundation_n that_o she_o shall_v not_o at_o any_o time_n be_v remove_v or_o shake_v which_o motion_n as_o shall_v be_v prove_v in_o the_o second_o theorem_a i_o take_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o trepidation_n of_o the_o centre_n and_o the_o pole_n which_o by_o a_o metaphor_n be_v term_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o not_o of_o the_o circular_a motion_n as_o some_o have_v labour_v to_o wrest_v it_o wherefore_o nothing_o be_v here_o leave_v we_o to_o satisfy_v this_o doubt_n but_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o his_o magnetical_a verticity_n whereby_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n endow_v with_o a_o magnetical_a vigour_n and_o overswaying_a the_o elementary_a ponderosity_n of_o the_o earthly_a part_n be_v as_o it_o be_v so_o fast_o bind_v to_o respect_v the_o same_o point_n or_o pole_n in_o the_o heaven_n that_o the_o centre_n can_v no_o way_n be_v shake_v or_o move_v out_o of_o his_o place_n 3_o the_o magnetical_a revolution_n be_v a_o motion_n by_o which_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v round_o aristotle_n in_o his_o 1_o book_n de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la make_v 3_o kind_n of_o simple_a motion_n out_o of_o which_o he_o labour_v to_o deduce_v the_o number_n of_o simple_a body_n the_o first_o be_v the_o motion_n from_o the_o centre_n such_o as_o be_v of_o fire_n and_o air_n and_o all_o light_a body_n the_o second_o to_o the_o centre_n such_o as_o be_v of_o earth_n and_o water_n the_o three_o be_v round_o about_o the_o centre_n or_o middle_n which_o he_o ascribe_v to_o the_o heaven_n so_o that_o if_o this_o ground_n be_v true_a the_o earth_n can_v challenge_v to_o itself_o no_o other_o than_o the_o right_a motion_n whereby_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o whole_a return_v to_o it_o again_o but_o this_o opinion_n although_o popular_a and_o plausible_a have_v be_v contradict_v as_o well_o by_o ancient_a philosopher_n as_o modern_a for_o by_o long_a experience_n and_o diligent_a observation_n they_o have_v find_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o star-like_a vigour_n whereby_o she_o may_v have_v all_o her_o part_n unite_v together_o by_o reason_n of_o her_o gravity_n unto_o the_o centre_n and_o her_o place_n make_v sure_a by_o her_o magnetical_a pole_n move_v natural_o upon_o her_o own_o pole_n at_o least_o if_o so_o be_v she_o claim_v no_o other_o motion_n this_o opinion_n first_o blosome_v as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v gather_v in_o the_o school_n of_o pythagoras_n be_v cherish_v by_o heraclides_fw-la ponticus_n and_o ecphantus_n two_o famous_a pythagorean_n to_o which_o afterward_o join_v themselves_o nicetus_n syracusanus_fw-la and_o aristarchus_n samius_n all_o which_o have_v undertake_v to_o defend_v that_o the_o earth_n move_v circular_o and_o that_o this_o circumgyration_n of_o the_o earth_n cause_v the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n as_o well_o as_o of_o other_o star_n although_o in_o the_o manner_n they_o have_v not_o express_v themselves_o alike_o have_v enjoy_v as_o yet_o scarce_o the_o first_o dawn_n of_o knowledge_n but_o all_o this_o while_n philosophy_n content_v herself_o with_o the_o acquaintance_n of_o a_o few_o choice_a friend_n not_o dare_v to_o prostitute_v her_o treasure_n to_o popularity_n but_o when_o it_o happen_v in_o after_o time_n that_o she_o be_v teach_v the_o language_n of_o the_o vulgar_a and_o speak_v to_o the_o understanding_n of_o each_o mechanic_n she_o soon_o contract_v some_o stain_n and_o square_v herself_o rather_o to_o please_v the_o most_o than_o the_o best_a thus_o the_o multitude_n as_o a_o vast_a torrent_n prevail_v against_o the_o learned_a and_o cast_v into_o exile_n the_o invention_n of_o the_o ancient_n which_o their_o ignorance_n be_v ready_a to_o censure_v then_o understand_v yet_o be_v not_o the_o seed_n of_o this_o philosophy_n quite_o extinct_a but_o as_o forget_v for_o a_o time_n until_o there_o arise_v copernicus_n a_o man_n of_o incomparable_a wit_n who_o quicken_v and_o reviue_v it_o to_o his_o everlasting_a praise_n and_o our_o profit_n i_o will_v not_o here_o be_v mistake_v as_o though_o i_o strong_o apprehend_v these_o ground_n and_o reject_v all_o the_o principle_n of_o our_o peripatetic_n philosophy_n i_o only_o inveigh_v against_o their_o prejudicate_a ignorance_n which_o ready_a to_o lick_v up_o the_o dust_n under_o aristotle_n foot_n with_o a_o supercilious_a look_n contemn_v all_o other_o learning_n as_o though_o no_o flower_n of_o science_n can_v grow_v in_o another_o garden_n i_o confess_v this_o opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n circular_a motion_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o many_o and_o great_a exception_n and_o oppose_v by_o strong_a and_o weighty_a argument_n draw_v probable_o from_o the_o book_n of_o god_n the_o touchstone_n of_o sincere_a verity_n yet_o i_o hold_v it_o too_o strong_o fortify_v to_o be_v invade_v by_o popular_a argument_n draw_v from_o seem_a sense_n and_o bolster_v up_o with_o name_n and_o authority_n for_o i_o own_o part_n i_o confess_v not_o absolute_a subscription_n to_o this_o opinion_n yet_o can_v i_o not_o convenient_o leave_v it_o out_o because_o have_v undertake_v to_o insert_v this_o magnetical_a tract_n i_o will_v not_o willing_o mangle_v it_o in_o any_o part_n but_o show_v it_o whole_a and_o entire_a to_o the_o view_n of_o the_o judicious_a who_o herein_o may_v use_v their_o philosophical_a liberty_n to_o embrace_v or_o reject_v what_o they_o please_v if_o these_o ground_n seem_v true_a they_o will_v find_v acceptance_n if_o otherwise_o it_o can_v indamage_v truth_n to_o know_v her_o adversary_n wherefore_o i_o think_v no_o man_n will_v take_v it_o amiss_o that_o i_o insert_v this_o follow_a theorem_a 1_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n have_v a_o circular_a motion_n copernicus_n ascribe_v three_o motion_n to_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v in_o the_o space_n of_o 24_o hour_n about_o her_o own_o axle_n make_v the_o day_n and_o night_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v the_o diurnal_a the_o second_o be_v yearly_a wherein_o the_o centre_n itself_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v from_o west_n to_o east_n describe_v the_o circle_n of_o the_o sign_n the_o three_o be_v a_o motion_n of_o declination_n perform_v in_o a_o annual_a revolution_n reflect_v against_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o centre_n for_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v a_o convertible_a nature_n whereas_o if_o it_o shall_v remain_v fix_v there_o will_v appear_v no_o inequality_n of_o day_n and_o night_n spring_n autumn_n summer_n or_o winter_n i_o will_v not_o here_o curious_o distinguish_v the_o difference_n limit_n and_o period_n of_o these_o three_o motion_n but_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o skilful_a astronomer_n to_o who_o proper_o it_o appertain_v it_o be_v enough_o for_o i_o to_o show_v it_o probable_a that_o the_o earth_n shall_v challenge_v to_o itself_o a_o circular_a motion_n in_o prosecution_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v labour_v chief_o to_o establish_v that_o first_o motion_n which_o be_v of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n about_o her_o own_o axis_fw-la which_o be_v the_o easy_a both_o to_o believe_v and_o understand_v that_o i_o may_v the_o better_o express_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o opinion_n i_o will_v labour_v to_o prove_v these_o two_o point_n 1_o that_o this_o opinion_n be_v consonant_a to_o reason_n 2_o that_o it_o no_o way_n contradict_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n the_o former_a assertion_n we_o will_v again_o divide_v into_o 3_o article_n 1_o that_o the_o motion_n which_o we_o seek_v to_o establish_v in_o the_o earth_n can_v without_o much_o absurdity_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o heaven_n second_o that_o it_o no_o way_n contradict_v to_o nature_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o three_o that_o the_o argument_n produce_v against_o this_o opinion_n be_v not_o so_o strong_a but_o may_v be_v answer_v with_o probability_n first_o therefore_o find_v the_o daily_a rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o other_o star_n to_o arise_v from_o some_o motion_n we_o be_v to_o seek_v out_o the_o true_a subject_n of_o this_o motion_n it_o be_v agree_v upon_o by_o all_o that_o this_o subject_n must_v be_v the_o heaven_n which_o be_v carry_v in_o 24_o hour_n from_o east_n to_o west_n or_o the_o
not_o the_o same_o though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n neither_o will_v such_o a_o star_n to_o both_o place_n seem_v in_o the_o same_o point_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v except_o we_o admit_v a_o sensible_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o rational_a and_o sensible_a horizon_n and_o so_o grant_v the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o such_o orb_n some_o quantity_n and_o greatness_n this_o diversity_n of_o aspect_n which_o they_o call_v the_o parallax_n may_v be_v see_v in_o this_o figure_n let_v a_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n l_o the_o moon_n or_o other_o star_n to_o be_v observe_v egg_v the_o firmament_n or_o orb_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n suppose_v then_o the_o eye_n to_o be_v in_o the_o fix_a point_n m_o of_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n xmy_n the_o say_a planet_n will_v appear_v in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o firmament_n s_o according_a to_o opticall_a principle_n whereby_o all_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o place_n direct_o opposite_a suppose_v again_o the_o eye_n to_o be_v in_o the_o point_n p_o of_o another_o sensible_a horizon_n rpq_n the_o star_n l_o will_v no_o doubt_n appear_v in_o the_o opposite_a point_n t._n neither_o of_o which_o meet_v with_o the_o star_n in_o the_o right_a place_n for_o imagine_v the_o eye_n to_o be_v place_v in_o the_o centre_n a_o the_o place_n of_o the_o star_n will_v be_v v._o which_o be_v his_o true_a place_n these_o difference_n of_o sight_n can_v find_v no_o place_n if_o the_o earth_n be_v as_o a_o mere_a point_n and_o challenge_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n in_o respect_n of_o these_o inferior_a planet_n and_o yet_o experience_n of_o astronomer_n have_v sufficient_o confirm_v it_o but_o this_o be_v a_o point_n very_o curious_a and_o appertain_v to_o astronomy_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o their_o far_a industry_n who_o profession_n it_o undergo_v chap._n vi_o of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o all_z the_o property_n which_o agree_v by_o nature_n to_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n we_o have_v handle_v here_o we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o such_o as_o agree_v by_o virtue_n of_o our_o understanding_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v all_o the_o circle_n conceive_v to_o be_v in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n 2_o a_o terrestrial_a circle_n be_v a_o round_a line_n conceive_v in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n divide_v it_o into_o two_o part_n a_o circle_n be_v consider_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n either_o abstract_a from_o this_o or_o that_o sensible_a matter_n in_o which_o sort_n it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v teach_v in_o geometry_n to_o which_o proper_o appertain_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o fabric_n and_o measure_n of_o all_o magnitude_n especial_o of_o this_o be_v among_o all_o the_o most_o perfect_a and_o exact_a or_o else_o a_o circle_n be_v consider_v so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o have_v some_o ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o least_o by_o application_n of_o the_o celestial_a globe_n and_o so_o it_o come_v into_o the_o consideration_n of_o geography_n for_o conclusion_n demonstrate_v and_o prove_v in_o geometry_n be_v here_o to_o be_v admit_v as_o principle_n suppose_v not_o demonstrate_v a_o new_a which_o logic_n if_o clavius_n blancanus_n and_o other_o such_o writer_n have_v well_o learned_a they_o will_v not_o have_v stuff_v out_o their_o work_n with_o such_o heterogeneal_a mixture_n but_o have_v reduce_v every_o thing_n to_o his_o proper_a seat_n and_o science_n a_o circle_n as_o well_o by_o the_o geographer_n as_o astronomer_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o quadrant_n each_o quadrant_a into_o 90_o degree_n all_o which_o make_v up_o 360._o so_o that_o a_o degree_n be_v the_o 360_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n which_o i_o only_o mention_v as_o be_v of_o chief_a use_n with_o we_o yet_o suppose_v to_o be_v handle_v and_o teach_v in_o a_o high_a science_n 1_o a_o circle_n though_o imaginary_a in_o itself_o have_v his_o ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n as_o in_o logic_a man_n have_v invent_v certain_a intentional_a notion_n serve_v as_o so_o many_o instrument_n to_o direct_v and_o regulate_v our_o understanding_n in_o the_o apprehension_n of_o thing_n so_o in_o cosmographie_n can_v there_o not_o be_v want_v such_o imaginary_a sign_n and_o circle_n to_o confirm_v and_o aid_v our_o fantasy_n and_o as_o in_o logic_n such_o notion_n in_o themselves_o be_v mere_o imaginary_a and_o intentional_a yet_o may_v be_v term_v real_a so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o be_v ground_v in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o so_o may_v we_o speak_v of_o these_o circle_n conceive_v in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o terrene_a globe_n which_o we_o be_v not_o to_o conceive_v to_o be_v fictious_a and_o imaginary_a as_o if_o they_o have_v no_o ground_n at_o all_o in_o nature_n for_o although_o there_o be_v no_o such_o circle_n paint_v on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o find_v in_o a_o artificial_a sphere_n yet_o must_v we_o of_o necessity_n conceive_v such_o real_a respect_n to_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o as_o when_o a_o ship_n sail_n over_o the_o ocean_n it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o leave_v behind_o any_o visible_a mark_n or_o character_n in_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o in_o regard_n it_o make_v a_o real_a passage_n it_o will_v leave_v a_o line_n conceivable_a sign_v out_o unto_o we_o the_o true_a passage_n it_o be_v a_o matter_n which_o have_v not_o a_o little_a trouble_a cosmographer_n to_o find_v out_o the_o immediate_a and_o true_a subject_n or_o ground_n of_o these_o circle_n whether_o they_o shall_v be_v immediate_o take_v from_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o in_o the_o heaven_n the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n have_v acknowledge_v no_o other_o ground_n of_o these_o circle_n then_o the_o congruity_n and_o application_n of_o the_o celestial_a globe_n and_o his_o part_n with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o our_o magnetical_a philosopher_n more_o near_o search_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n have_v find_v these_o circle_n all_o except_o the_o horizon_n to_o wit_n the_o meridian_n and_o parallel_n to_o be_v immediate_o ground_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o who_o opinion_n we_o can_v reject_v as_o be_v support_v by_o experimental_a demonstration_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o particular_a 2_o the_o distinction_n of_o a_o circle_n into_o any_o certain_a number_n of_o part_n have_v no_o certain_a ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n but_o only_a inconueniency_n leave_v our_o judgement_n free_a to_o take_v such_o a_o number_n as_o may_v best_o serve_v our_o purpose_n some_o astronomer_n more_o curious_a than_o wise_a have_v go_v about_o to_o seek_v a_o ground_n of_o this_o distinction_n of_o a_o circle_n into_o 360_o part_n out_o of_o the_o sun_n course_n in_o the_o zodiac_n a_o circle_n say_v they_o by_o the_o open_n of_o the_o compass_n be_v describe_v in_o a_o plain_a be_v divide_v into_o six_o equal_a part_n now_o because_o the_o sun_n be_v the_o rule_n and_o measure_n of_o all_o perfect_a motion_n pass_v through_o one_o six_o part_n in_o 60_o day_n the_o whole_a circle_n be_v divide_v into_o 360_o for_o 60_o multiply_v by_o 6_o will_v produce_v that_o number_n but_o this_o reason_n seem_v to_o infer_v nothing_o concern_v any_o natural_a ground_n that_o this_o distinction_n shall_v find_v in_o the_o earth_n though_o it_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o argument_n of_o conveniency_n the_o number_n 360_o be_v fit_a for_o that_o calculation_n another_o reason_n very_o like_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v from_o the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o moon_n which_o happen_v 12_o time_n in_o a_o year_n and_o because_o from_o each_o conjunction_n to_o that_o which_o follow_v be_v spend_v 30_o day_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o zodiac_n be_v first_o divide_v into_o 12_o part_n which_o multiply_v by_o 30_o will_v produce_v 360._o this_o reason_n likewise_o prove_v only_o thus_o much_o that_o it_o be_v the_o fit_a number_n to_o calculate_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o ecliptic_a not_o that_o this_o division_n have_v any_o ground_n in_o nature_n more_o than_o other_o because_o be_v a_o continuate_a quantity_n according_a to_o philosophy_n it_o may_v suffer_v infinite_a division_n for_o it_o be_v in_o the_o beginning_n leave_v free_a to_o cosmographer_n to_o choose_v what_o number_n they_o please_v to_o express_v the_o part_n or_o section_n of_o a_o circle_n which_o they_o take_v as_o it_o seem_v not_o mere_o from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o from_o their_o conveniency_n and_o commodity_n find_v this_o number_n most_o commodious_a for_o the_o distinction_n of_o every_o circle_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o no_o number_n can_v be_v find_v which_o suffer_v more_o part_n and_o division_n than_o this_o for_o as_o much_o as_o in_o 60_o whereof_o
the_o supperficies_n to_o be_v first_o know_v both_o way_n shall_v be_v express_v in_o these_o proposition_n 1_o if_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sphere_n be_v multiply_v into_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o conuex_n superficies_n of_o the_o say_a sphere_n there_o will_v arise_v the_o whole_a solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o geometrician_n for_o a_o solid_a rectangle_n comprehend_v of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sphere_n and_o the_o three_o of_o the_o convex_a superficies_n of_o it_o will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o sphere_n itself_o as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v 40090_o 10_o 11_o furlong_n be_v multiply_v by_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o conuex_n superficies_n contain_v to_o wit_n 67352727_o 3_o 11_o there_o will_v arise_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o will_v contain_v 27002-3_a 06611570_o 3_o 11_o cubic_n furlong_n that_o be_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v comprehend_v so_o many_o cube_n cantain_v every_o side_n so_o many_o furlong_n as_o there_o be_v unity_n in_o the_o say_a number_n for_o the_o areae_fw-la or_o space_n comprehend_v of_o solid_a figure_n be_v measure_v by_o the_o cube_n of_o those_o line_n by_o who_o square_n the_o conuexe_n superficies_n of_o those_o line_n be_v measure_v 2_o if_o the_o great_a circle_n be_v multiply_v by_o â…”_n of_o the_o whole_a diameter_n the_o product_n will_v show_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o sphere_n this_o way_n be_v also_o demonstrate_v by_o clavius_n in_o the_o same_o tract_n of_o measure_v magnitude_n it_o may_v arithmetical_o be_v deduce_v in_o this_o sort_n if_o any_o sphere_n whatsoever_o have_v a_o diameter_n of_o 14_o palm_n and_o shall_v be_v multiply_v by_o 3_o 1_o 7_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n contain_v it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v 44_o who_o half_o be_v 22_o if_o it_o be_v multiply_v into_o the_o semidiameter_n 7_o there_o will_v arise_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n 154_o which_o number_n if_o we_o multiply_v by_o two_o three_o part_n of_o the_o diameter_n that_o be_v by_o 9â…“_n there_o will_v be_v produce_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o say_a sphere_n to_o wit_n consist_v of_o 1437_o â…”_n cubic_n palm_n in_o the_o like_a sort_n may_v we_o work_v by_o mile_n or_o furlong_n in_o measure_v the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n which_o be_v a_o more_o convenient_a measure_n for_o the_o massy_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n 1_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o have_v treat_v in_o our_o former_a chapter_n in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o must_v speak_v of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n which_o be_v either_o in_o regard_n of_o space_n or_o distance_n 2_o space_n be_v portion_n in_o the_o sphere_n bound_v by_o the_o parallel_n circle_n such_o as_o be_v the_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n 3_o these_o be_v again_o consider_v two_o way_n either_o in_o themselves_o or_o else_o in_o their_o adjunct_n or_o inhabitant_n belong_v to_o they_o 4_o a_o zone_n be_v a_o space_n include_v betwixt_o two_o lesser_a and_o name_v circle_n or_o else_o betwixt_o a_o lesser_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n the_o space_n into_o which_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v divide_v be_v either_o great_a or_o lesser_a the_o great_a be_v a_o hemisphere_n which_o arise_v out_o of_o one_o only_a circle_n by_o itself_o without_o the_o combination_n of_o more_o such_o be_v chief_o of_o three_o sort_n the_o first_o be_v make_v by_o the_o equatour_n which_o divide_v the_o whole_a globe_n into_o the_o north_n and_o the_o south_n hemisphere_n the_o second_o be_v of_o the_o meridian_n who_o office_n it_o be_v to_o part_v the_o earth_n into_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a hemisphere_n the_o three_o of_o the_o horizon_n which_o divide_v the_o sphere_n into_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a half_n but_o these_o part_n arise_v as_o i_o say_v out_o of_o one_o only_a circle_n be_v handle_v before_o with_o the_o circle_n themselves_o in_o this_o place_n we_o be_v to_o speak_v of_o such_o part_n as_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o combination_n and_o respect_n of_o circle_n one_o with_o another_o such_o as_o be_v the_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n a_o zone_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o girdle_n or_o band_n because_o by_o it_o the_o space_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v as_o it_o be_v with_o large_a band_n compass_v about_o the_o grecian_n have_v sometime_o give_v this_o name_n zone_n to_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o planet_n as_o theon_n alexandrinus_n in_o his_o comment_n on_o aratus_n in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o be_v say_v he_o in_o the_o heaven_n seven_o zone_n not_o contorminate_a with_o the_o zodiac_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v possess_v by_o saturn_n the_o second_o by_o jupiter_n etc._n etc._n but_o this_o acception_n of_o the_o name_n be_v far_o off_o from_o our_o purpose_n the_o name_n zone_n as_o it_o be_v with_o we_o in_o use_n be_v by_o the_o latin_a poet_n render_v sometime_o facia_n sometime_o plaga_fw-la both_o signify_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o thing_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o a_o space_n comprehend_v within_o two_o name_v and_o lesser_a parallel_n or_o at_o least_o betwixt_o such_o a_o parallel_n and_o the_o pole_n itself_o because_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o zone_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n these_o zone_n be_v in_o number_n five_o which_o division_n have_v be_v familiar_a with_o our_o latin_a poet_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o these_o verse_n of_o virgil._n quinque_fw-la tenent_fw-la coelum_fw-la zonae_fw-la quarum_fw-la una_fw-la corusco_fw-la semper_fw-la sole_fw-la rubens_fw-la &_o torrida_fw-la semper_fw-la ab_fw-la igne_fw-la quam_fw-la circum_fw-la extremae_fw-la dextrâ_fw-la laeuáque_fw-la trahuntur_fw-la caerule_n â_fw-la glacie_n concretae_fw-la atque_fw-la imbribus_fw-la atris_fw-la have_v inter_fw-la mediamque_fw-la dvae_fw-la mortalibus_fw-la aegris_fw-la munere_fw-la concessae_fw-la diuûm_fw-la etc._n etc._n five_o zone_n engird_v the_o sky_n whereof_o one_o fry_v with_o fiery_a sunbeam_n and_o all_o scorch_a lie_n about_o which_o the_o far_a off_o on_o either_o hand_n the_o blew-eyed_n ice_n and_o brackish_a shower_n command_v betwixt_o these_o two_o and_o the_o midst_n the_o god_n do_v give_v a_o wholesome_a place_n for_o wretched_a man_n to_o live_v which_o description_n of_o virgil_n little_o differ_v from_o that_o we_o find_v in_o ovid_n in_o these_o verse_n duae_fw-la dextrâ_fw-la coelum_fw-la totidemque_fw-la sinistrâ_fw-la parte_fw-la secant_fw-la zonae_fw-la quinta_fw-la est_fw-la ardentior_fw-la illis_fw-la sic_fw-la onus_fw-la inclusum_fw-la numero_fw-la distinxit_fw-la eodem_fw-la cura_fw-la dei_fw-la totidemque_fw-la plagae_fw-la tellure_n premuntur_fw-la quarum_fw-la quae_fw-la media_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la habitabilis_fw-la aestu_fw-la nix_n â—egit_fw-la alta_fw-la dvas_fw-la totidem_fw-la inter_fw-la utramque_fw-la locavit_fw-la temperiemque_fw-la dedit_fw-la mista_fw-la cum_fw-la frigore_fw-la flamma_n two_o girdle_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n on_o the_o left_a as_o many_o cut_v the_o sky_n more_o hot'_v the_o five_o so_o god_n divide_v with_o a_o equal_a hand_n into_o so_o many_o parcel_n cut_v the_o land_n the_o midst_n through_o heat_n afford_v no_o dweller_n ease_n the_o deep_a snow_n wrap_v up_o two_o but_o betwixt_o these_o and_o the_o other_o region_n be_v two_o place_n set_v where_o frost_n be_v mix_v with_o fire_n and_o cold_a with_o heat_n but_o because_o this_o enumeration_n and_o description_n of_o the_o zone_n set_v down_o by_o the_o poet_n seem_v too_o popular_a and_o general_a we_o will_v more_o special_o divide_v they_o according_a to_o the_o method_n of_o our_o time_n in_o this_o manner_n 5_o the_o zone_n be_v either_o untemperate_a or_o temperate_a the_o untemperate_a be_v again_o twofold_a either_o cold_a or_o hot_a 6_o the_o intemperate_a hot_a zone_n be_v the_o space_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o two_o tropic_n circle_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n how_o unapt_o these_o name_n of_o temperate_a &_o untemperate_a agree_v to_o the_o zone_n consider_v in_o their_o own_o nature_n we_o shall_v speak_v in_o our_o second_o part_n yet_o because_o i_o think_v it_o unfit_a to_o use_v other_o term_n than_o the_o ancient_n i_o will_v not_o coin_n new_a name_n this_o zone_n or_o space_n include_v betwixt_o the_o two_o tropic_n circumscribe_v within_o it_o two_o great_a circle_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o equatour_n run_v just_a in_o the_o midst_n neither_o incline_v to_o the_o north_n or_o south_n the_o other_o be_v the_o ecliptic_a oblique_o cross_v it_o and_o meeting_n the_o two_o tropic_n twice_o in_o a_o year_n in_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n the_o extent_n or_o breadth_n of_o this_o zone_n then_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o these_o two_o tropic_n to_o wit_n 47_o degree_n which_o make_v 2820_o mile_n because_o from_o the_o equatour_n to_o either_o
instrument_n or_o table_n and_o reduce_v they_o according_o to_o your_o chart_n which_o we_o suppose_v before_o mark_v out_o according_a to_o several_a degree_n as_o for_o example_n if_o we_o will_v set_v down_o in_o our_o chart_n the_o metropolis_n of_o france_n which_o be_v paris_n have_v recourse_n to_o my_o table_n i_o find_v it_o to_o have_v in_o longitude_n 23_o degree_n in_o latitude_n 48_o degree_n here_o to_o find_v out_o the_o say_a longitude_n you_o must_v extend_v a_o thread_n from_o the_o 23_o degree_n of_o the_o parallel_n ab_fw-la to_o the_o like_a degree_n in_o the_o parallel_n cd_o then_o hold_v it_o fast_o you_o must_v cross_v that_o thread_n with_o another_o extend_v from_o the_o meridian_n ac_fw-la to_o the_o meridian_n ad_fw-la in_o the_o point_n of_o 28_o degree_n the_o point_n wherein_o these_o two_o thread_n shall_v cut_v and_o cross_v one_o the_o other_o you_o may_v take_v for_o the_o true_a place_n of_o paris_n and_o mark_v it_o out_o in_o your_o chart_n in_o like_a sort_n you_o may_v proceed_v with_o all_o other_o place_n but_o if_o you_o be_v to_o describe_v a_o river_n in_o your_o chart_n it_o will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o take_v the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o beginning_n or_o fountain_n but_o of_o the_o end_n middle_a turn_n and_o angle_n town_n or_o city_n by_o which_o it_o pass_v bridge_n and_o other_o occurrent_a circumstance_n in_o like_a sort_n may_v you_o set_v down_o wood_n forest_n mountain_n lake_n and_o other_o place_n whatsoever_o 4_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o particular_a chart_n the_o accidental_a part_n we_o call_v the_o scale_n of_o miles_n which_o teach_v how_o many_o mile_n be_v contain_v betwixt_o any_o two_o place_n in_o the_o chart_n wherein_o we_o be_v to_o know_v two_o thing_n 1_o the_o fabric_n 2_o the_o use_n 1_o the_o fabric_n of_o the_o scale_n depend_v from_o the_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o any_o two_o place_n in_o the_o chart._n the_o practice_n be_v very_o easy_a and_o teach_v in_o these_o three_o rule_n 1_v you_o must_v search_v out_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o any_o two_o place_n whatsoever_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o region_n describe_v in_o your_o chart_n which_o you_o may_v do_v either_o experimental_o by_o your_o own_o knowledge_n or_o some_o certain_a relation_n of_o traveller_n 2_o then_o must_v you_o draw_v three_o parallel_n line_n contain_v two_o space_n one_o large_a the_o other_o lesser_a in_o some_o void_a space_n of_o your_o chart._n 3_o you_o must_v divide_v the_o say_a scale_n into_o so_o many_o mile_n as_o the_o say_v void_a space_n will_v give_v you_o leave_v according_a to_o the_o know_a distance_n first_o find_v out_o as_o for_o example_n the_o distance_n betwixt_o paris_n and_o roan_n be_v know_v to_o be_v 30_o french_a league_n which_o contain_v 60_o of_o our_o mile_n allow_v for_o every_o such_o league_n 2_o mile_n wherefore_o your_o parallel_n line_n be_v first_o draw_v as_o you_o see_v in_o the_o former_a chart_n divide_v your_o scale_n into_o 30_o part_n according_o and_o in_o the_o large_a space_n place_v your_o number_n as_o 10.20.30_o and_o so_o forth_o so_o far_o as_o your_o space_n will_v convenient_o extend_v 2_o the_o distance_n of_o any_o two_o place_n set_v down_o in_o the_o chart_n be_v take_v and_o apply_v to_o the_o scale_n will_v show_v how_o many_o mile_n it_o contain_v as_o for_o example_n i_o will_v willing_o know_v how_o many_o english_a mile_n be_v contain_v betwixt_o paris_n and_o orleans_n in_o my_o chart_n of_o france_n here_o i_o take_v with_o my_o compass_n the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o say_a city_n in_o the_o chart_n and_o apply_v that_o to_o the_o scale_n i_o find_v it_o to_o contain_v 50_o mile_n which_o be_v the_o true_a measure_n chap._n v._o of_o hydrography_n 1_o hitherto_o have_v we_o treat_v of_o the_o general_n adjunct_n and_o propriety_n of_o place_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o handle_v the_o distinction_n 2_o a_o place_n be_v general_o distinguish_v into_o water_n and_o land_n the_o description_n of_o the_o former_a be_v term_v hydrographie_n the_o other_o for_o distinction_n we_o call_v pedography_n 3_o hydrographie_n be_v a_o description_n of_o the_o water_n with_o the_o accident_n thereunto_o belong_v the_o water_n we_o consider_v not_o here_o mere_o physical_o as_o it_o be_v a_o element_n whereof_o mix_v body_n be_v compound_v but_o topographical_o as_o it_o bear_v a_o part_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n yet_o be_v we_o not_o so_o curious_a to_o exclude_v such_o physical_a problem_n and_o consideration_n as_o be_v most_o subject_a to_o sense_n which_o a_o topographer_n can_v well_o neglect_v be_v the_o mark_n and_o character_n design_v out_o special_a place_n to_o find_v out_o the_o original_n of_o the_o water_n we_o must_v first_o take_v as_o grant_v that_o almighty_a god_n as_o we_o read_v in_o the_o first_o of_o genesis_n in_o the_o beginning_n make_v a_o separation_n betwixt_o the_o water_n above_o the_o firmament_n and_o the_o water_n under_o the_o firmament_n whereof_o the_o former_a be_v term_v in_o the_o scripture_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o expansum_fw-la a_o thing_n stretch_v out_o or_o extend_v by_o these_o water_n above_o the_o firmament_n whether_o we_o ought_v to_o understand_v the_o cloudy_a vapour_n in_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n or_o the_o pure_a fluid_a and_o liquid_a body_n whereof_o the_o firmament_n consist_v i_o leave_v it_o to_o learned_a divine_n and_o critic_n expositor_n to_o dispute_v although_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o phrase_n if_o it_o be_v well_o render_v will_v seem_v to_o favour_v this_o opinion_n rather_o than_o the_o other_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o air_n can_v no_o way_n be_v say_v to_o be_v above_o the_o firmament_n except_o the_o hebrew_n term_n miscarry_v in_o the_o translation_n for_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o celestial_a orb_n which_o aristotle_n labour_v to_o confirm_v be_v find_v long_o since_o to_o thwart_v the_o observation_n of_o astronomer_n although_o it_o may_v thus_o be_v retain_v as_o useful_a supposition_n to_o settle_v imagination_n but_o to_o let_v this_o pass_v and_o come_v to_o the_o water_n under_o the_o firmament_n understand_v by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o collection_n of_o water_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o to_o have_v take_v their_o original_n from_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o water_n substance_n from_o the_o dry-land_n cause_v by_o god_n in_o the_o first_o creation_n testify_v by_o moses_n in_o 1_o gen_n which_o once_o grant_v as_o no_o christian_a can_v deny_v easy_o rebate_n the_o edge_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o ancient_a philosopher_n who_o contend_v out_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o drought_n and_o moisture_n to_o derive_v the_o beginning_n of_o this_o separation_n the_o dryness_n of_o the_o earth_n say_v they_o work_v by_o little_a and_o little_a diminish_v or_o at_o least_o resist_v the_o water_n so_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o altogether_o overwhelm_v the_o land_n but_o this_o reason_n be_v altogether_o deficient_a in_o nature_n because_o drought_n and_o moisture_n be_v no_o such_o quality_n to_o have_v such_o a_o operation_n and_o if_o any_o such_o there_o be_v betwixt_o drought_n and_o moisture_n the_o drought_n as_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n will_v rather_o draw_v moisture_n unto_o it_o than_o any_o way_n expel_v it_o or_o drive_v it_o away_o whence_o it_o be_v most_o evident_a that_o it_o be_v effect_v by_o no_o other_o mean_n then_o the_o immediate_a work_n and_o providence_n of_o god_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o live_a creature_n for_o before_o god_n say_v let_v the_o water_n be_v gather_v into_o one_o place_n the_o water_n be_v say_v to_o cover_v the_o whole_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o afterward_o at_o god_n appointment_n the_o water_n go_v back_o and_o show_v the_o dry-land_n but_o by_o what_o mean_v god_n separate_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o it_o be_v much_o controverse_v among_o divine_n and_o philosopher_n many_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v suffer_v to_o stand_v entire_a without_o alteration_n and_o that_o the_o water_n be_v elevate_v above_o it_o so_o that_o if_o they_o be_v suffer_v to_o flow_v abroad_o they_o may_v again_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o in_o the_o beginning_n but_o why_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v thus_o restrain_v be_v not_o agree_v among_o they_o for_o some_o thought_n that_o this_o be_v do_v by_o the_o miraculous_a power_n of_o god_n which_o restrain_v the_o flow_a abroad_o of_o the_o water_n beyond_o ordinary_a bound_n of_o which_o opinion_n be_v st_n jerome_n who_o ground_v his_o opinion_n as_o it_o seem_v on_o the_o authority_n of_o
to_o aristotle_n ground_n be_v by_o a_o tenne-fold_n proportion_v thin_a than_o the_o water_n moreover_o the_o air_n in_o these_o place_n seat_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o high_a than_o other_o place_n and_o by_o consequent_a near_a the_o sun_n shall_v rather_o be_v rarify_v and_o thicken_v because_o heat_n be_v the_o great_a cause_n of_o rarefaction_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o for_o the_o reason_n allege_v for_o these_o opinion_n they_o be_v draw_v only_o from_o the_o weakness_n of_o their_o assertion_n which_o hold_v that_o fountain_n be_v derive_v either_o from_o rain_n water_n or_o from_o the_o sea_n both_o which_o we_o have_v examine_v brief_o and_o whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o the_o school_n of_o conimbra_n not_o utter_o reject_v all_o the_o former_a opinion_n have_v undertake_v to_o forgo_v a_o opinion_n as_o it_o be_v partake_v of_o all_o pretend_v to_o say_v something_o more_o when_o indeed_o they_o produce_v nothing_o beside_o the_o former_a their_o assertion_n they_o have_v set_v down_o in_o eight_o proposition_n which_o i_o will_v faithful_o set_v down_o and_o then_o censure_n the_o first_o be_v that_o in_o subterranean_a place_n under_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v hide_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n distinguish_v into_o river_n pond_n and_o lake_n this_o they_o prove_v from_o the_o daily_a experiment_n of_o such_o as_o dig_v diverse_a well_n and_o deppe_a trench_n in_o the_o earth_n who_o many_o time_n under_o the_o earth_n find_v not_o only_o many_o river_n and_o pond_n but_o many_o time_n happen_v upon_o so_o great_a abundance_n of_o water_n that_o they_o can_v neither_o find_v the_o bottom_n or_o bound_n thereof_o to_o this_o they_o add_v a_o experiment_n of_o philip_n and_o macedon_n record_v by_o asclepiadorâ—â—_n who_o cause_v many_o man_n expert_a in_o dig_v of_o metal_n to_o be_v let_v down_o into_o a_o old_a and_o forsake_a mine_n to_o search_v out_o the_o vein_n of_o metal_n to_o see_v whether_o the_o covetousness_n of_o antiquity_n have_v leave_v any_o thing_n to_o posterity_n these_o man_n use_v great_a light_n be_v say_v to_o have_v find_v nothing_o there_o but_o great_a and_o vast_a river_n and_o great_a receptacle_n of_o water_n this_o they_o also_o labour_v to_o confirm_v by_o many_o and_o sudden_a eruption_n and_o break_v out_o of_o water_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o hereafter_o this_o first_o position_n howsoever_o in_o itself_o true_a enough_o seem_v little_a to_o the_o purpose_n but_o we_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o second_o which_o be_v this_o that_o when_o god_n in_o the_o three_o day_n of_o the_o creation_n separate_v the_o water_n into_o one_o place_n and_o hide_v it_o in_o the_o cavern_n and_o secret_a receptacle_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o same_o time_n disperse_v into_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n by_o diverse_a occult_a passage_n and_o channel_n whence_o come_v that_o great_a mass_n of_o water_n under_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v before_o mention_v this_o they_o seem_v to_o persuade_v by_o reason_n for_o say_v they_o as_o the_o wise_a architect_n of_o all_o for_o man_n sake_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o live_a creature_n for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n have_v discover_v the_o dry_a land_n by_o restrain_v all_o the_o water_n into_o one_o place_n so_o it_o be_v most_o necessary_a that_o he_o shall_v inward_o water_v the_o earth_n by_o which_o stone_n metal_n mineral_n &_o other_o such_o thing_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v in_o time_n grow_v and_o increase_v also_o that_o some_o water_n shall_v from_o hence_o break_v up_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n for_o diverse_a cause_n hereafter_o specify_v final_o as_o philo-iudaeus_a affirm_v for_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o otherwise_o may_v by_o drought_n be_v separate_v and_o divide_v the_o three_o proposition_n ground_v on_o the_o two_o former_a be_v this_o that_o many_o river_n and_o fountain_n in_o diverse_a place_n by_o god_n decree_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n by_o quantity_n of_o water_n hide_v in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o they_o prove_v by_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o utility_n of_o such_o fountain_n and_o river_n spring_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n four_o they_o defend_v that_o all_o fountain_n and_o current_n be_v not_o so_o make_v and_o appoint_v in_o the_o first_o creation_n because_o history_n &_o experience_n teach_v we_o that_o many_o have_v break_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n afterward_o whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v hereafter_o fiâ—tly_o they_o affirm_v that_o if_o the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n be_v understand_v of_o all_o fountain_n and_o flood_n it_o can_v be_v approve_v for_o asmuch_o as_o it_o seem_v sufficient_o declare_v in_o the_o three_o opinion_n how_o such_o river_n may_v be_v generate_v without_o such_o vapour_n as_o also_o because_o many_o argument_n and_o place_n of_o holy_a scripture_n seem_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_n as_o also_o the_o four_o river_n of_o paradise_n create_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n can_v be_v guess_v to_o draw_v their_o original_n from_o such_o vapour_n as_o aristotle_n imagine_v to_o which_o accord_n many_o ancient_a father_n upon_o these_o place_n recite_v in_o that_o opinion_n whereas_o all_o river_n be_v think_v to_o fetch_v their_o original_n from_o the_o sea_n six_o for_o the_o credit_n of_o their_o master_n aristotle_n they_o be_v constrain_v to_o aver_v that_o although_o his_o opinion_n can_v be_v verify_v of_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v restrain_v to_o some_o such_o perpetual_a current_n it_o may_v have_v probability_n for_o asmuch_o aswe_n be_v to_o believe_v that_o many_o such_o large_a cavern_n and_o hole_n be_v hide_v under_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o no_o small_a quantity_n of_o vapour_n may_v be_v engender_v this_o probability_n be_v great_a in_o those_o river_n which_o be_v lesser_a in_o quantity_n then_o the_o great_a for_o the_o reason_n before_o show_v seven_o they_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v absolute_o to_o be_v believe_v that_o not_o only_o great_a river_n and_o current_n be_v derive_v from_o subterranean_a water_n which_o have_v original_a from_o the_o sea_n but_o also_o less_o fountain_n and_o spring_n for_o the_o most_o part_n challenge_v the_o same_o beginning_n whence_o they_o labour_v to_o prove_v by_o this_o reason_n that_o in_o very_a few_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v find_v so_o perpetual_a and_o apt_a disposition_n of_o vapour_n under_o the_o ground_n as_o to_o nourish_v so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a current_n of_o water_n eight_o say_v they_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o water_n aswell_o proceed_v from_o rain_n as_o that_o which_o be_v generate_v of_o vapour_n in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n sometime_o may_v flow_v into_o fountain_n and_o river_n what_o concern_v torrent_n breed_v of_o rain_n they_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o first_o opinion_n for_o other_o they_o make_v it_o also_o probable_a because_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o vapour_n and_o air_n compass_v about_o with_o earth_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a environ_v it_o turn_v into_o water_n this_o be_v indeed_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o subtle_a jesuit_n of_o conimbra_n wherein_o although_o they_o give_v a_o flourish_n as_o if_o they_o will_v defend_v their_o master_n aristotle_n on_o who_o they_o comment_v yet_o mean_v they_o nothing_o less_o but_o indeed_o wary_o stick_v to_o the_o other_o of_o the_o divine_n and_o ancient_a father_n of_o the_o church_n touch_v the_o derivation_n of_o all_o 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o sea_n which_o opinion_n howsoever_o in_o itself_o most_o probable_a they_o know_v not_o how_o to_o manage_v and_o defend_v against_o opposition_n for_o whereas_o they_o suppose_v that_o in_o the_o first_o sepâ—â—tion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o dry-land_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n be_v disperse_v into_o diverse_a hollow_a place_n &_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o whence_o river_n be_v derive_v and_o make_v they_o have_v not_o in_o any_o probable_a manner_n express_v how_o this_o water_n shall_v perpetual_o flow_v and_o feed_v so_o many_o &_o great_a current_n for_o first_o i_o will_v ask_v of_o these_o learned_a father_n whether_o the_o water_n enclose_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n whence_o these_o spring_n be_v feed_v be_v high_o or_o low_a than_o the_o fountain_n arise_v out_o of_o they_o if_o it_o be_v high_a whether_o the_o river_n be_v continual_o nourish_v on_o the_o old_a store_n or_o a_o new_a supply_n be_v daily_o make_v that_o so_o great_a river_n shall_v be_v maintain_v so_o many_o thousand_o year_n out_o of_o the_o old_a provision_n be_v most_o improbable_a because_o the_o
there_o be_v any_o wind_n to_o drive_v and_o enrage_v the_o water_n be_v very_o unlikely_a because_o it_o be_v say_v that_o god_n cause_v a_o wind_n to_o pass_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o water_n cease_v so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o wind_n till_o the_o water_n sink_v last_o we_o may_v argue_v from_o a_o final_a cause_n that_o this_o inequality_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v before_o the_o flood_n because_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o all_o thing_n be_v in_o as_o good_a or_o better_a estate_n than_o now_o with_o we_o and_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v adorn_v with_o all_o variety_n of_o creature_n as_o well_o for_o profit_v as_o delectation_n now_o it_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o all_o commodity_n agree_v not_o to_o all_o place_n but_o some_o be_v find_v in_o the_o mountain_n at_o all_o sort_n of_o metal_n &_o mineral_n plant_n &_o vegetal_n for_o the_o most_o part_n prosper_v best_a in_o the_o valley_n and_o plain_n also_o that_o the_o mountain_n serve_v for_o a_o shelter_n to_o guard_v the_o valley_n from_o the_o rigour_n of_o cold_a and_o wind_n both_o for_o the_o better_a conveniency_n of_o man_n life_n and_o increase_v of_o fruit_n for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o it_o be_v far_o more_o probable_a that_o the_o great_a mountain_n be_v so_o create_v in_o the_o beginning_n and_o not_o make_v by_o the_o flood_n yet_o can_v we_o not_o deny_v but_o that_o some_o small_a hillock_n may_v be_v make_v by_o the_o flood_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n which_o have_v raise_v great_a fortress_n and_o bulwork_n which_o afterward_o decay_v be_v make_v great_a heap_n of_o earth_n as_o we_o see_v many_o in_o this_o land_n but_o this_o be_v of_o small_a note_n &_o not_o worthy_a consideration_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o great_a mountain_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o we_o especial_o treat_v 2_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n seldom_o exceed_v 10_o furlong_n this_o proposition_n depend_v on_o the_o authority_n of_o eratosthenes_n a_o famous_a mathematician_n who_o be_v employ_v by_o his_o king_n find_v out_o by_o dioptrick_n instrument_n the_o height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n not_o to_o exceed_v the_o quantity_n above_o specify_v cleomedes_n extend_v this_o a_o little_a far_o and_o will_v have_v some_o mountain_n to_o attain_v the_o height_n of_o 15_o furlong_n of_o which_o height_n he_o will_v have_v a_o high_a rock_n in_o bactriana_n call_v by_o strabo_n 11_o libro_fw-la sisimitrae_fw-la petra_n but_o yet_o if_o we_o credit_v pliny_n on_o dicaearchâ—â—_n who_o measure_v the_o mountain_n pelion_n account_v the_o high_a he_o find_v it_o not_o to_o exceed_v 1250_o pace_n which_o make_v 10_o furlong_n and_o solinus_n relate_v the_o mountain_n of_o thessaly_n to_o be_v high_a than_o elsewhere_o be_v to_o be_v find_v but_o this_o opinion_n howsoever_o support_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o famous_a mathematician_n have_v be_v call_v in_o question_n as_o well_o by_o modern_a as_o ancient_a writer_n many_o matter_n be_v miraculous_o or_o rather_o fabulous_o speak_v of_o the_o mountain_n athos_n in_o macedonia_n of_o cassius_n in_o syria_n and_o another_o of_o the_o same_o name_n in_o arabia_n of_o the_o mountain_n caucasus_n and_o other_o which_o history_n notwithstanding_o be_v relate_v by_o no_o mean_a author_n than_o aristotle_n mela_n pliny_n and_o solinus_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o imagine_v that_o these_o author_n may_v be_v deceive_v in_o those_o time_n either_o trust_n to_o other_o man_n relation_n or_o want_v mathematical_a instrument_n to_o search_v these_o matter_n of_o the_o mountain_n athos_n it_o be_v much_o wonder_v at_o that_o it_o shall_v cast_v a_o shadow_n from_o macedonia_n into_o the_o marketplace_n of_o myrhina_fw-la a_o town_n of_o the_o island_n lemnos_n distant_a from_o athos_n 86_o mile_n but_o this_o as_o our_o learned_a countryman_n mr_n hues_n well_o observe_v can_v be_v no_o great_a argument_n of_o such_o a_o miraculous_a height_n because_o the_o mountain_n athos_n situate_a east_n from_o lemnos_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o ptolemy_n table_n may_v without_o any_o great_a wonder_n cast_v a_o very_a long_a shadow_n the_o sun_n either_o rise_v or_o set_v other_o matter_n be_v relate_v of_o this_o mountain_n athos_n more_o strange_a than_o the_o former_a to_o wit_n that_o it_o shall_v in_o hight_v transcend_v the_o region_n of_o the_o rain_n and_o wind_n which_o they_o will_v strive_v to_o confirm_v out_o of_o a_o old_a tradition_n that_o the_o ash_n heap_v together_o on_o certain_a altar_n build_v on_o the_o top_n thereof_o be_v neuer_o blow_v away_o but_o remain_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v leave_v to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v out_o of_o strabo_n that_o they_o who_o inhabit_v the_o top_n of_o this_o mountain_n can_v see_v the_o sun_n 3_o hour_n before_o those_o who_o inhabit_v near_o the_o sea_n the_o like_a be_v report_v by_o aristotle_n of_o the_o mountain_n caucasus_n that_o for_o the_o extreme_a height_n the_o top_n of_o it_o enjoy_v the_o sunbeam_n a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o night_n little_o less_o be_v speak_v by_o pliny_n and_o solinus_n of_o the_o mountain_n cassius_n in_o syria_n and_o by_o pomponius_n mela_n of_o the_o mountain_n cassius_n in_o arabia_n but_o how_o fabulous_a and_o incredulous_a these_o thing_n be_v petrus_n nonius_n and_o other_o mathematician_n have_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n of_o geometry_n more_o absurd_a by_o far_o seem_v that_o which_o eustathius_n report_v of_o hercules_n pillar_n celebrate_v by_o dionysius_n perieges_fw-fr for_o their_o admirable_a height_n whereas_o they_o be_v find_v not_o to_o exceed_v 100_o ell_n make_v one_o furlong_n a_o height_n according_a to_o strabo_n not_o exceed_v the_o egyptian_a pyramid_n and_o come_v short_a of_o certain_a indian_a tree_n near_o the_o river_n hyarotes_n who_o meridian_n shadow_n reach_v 5_o furlong_n these_o error_n in_o the_o ancient_n may_v seem_v venial_a have_v they_o not_o be_v second_v by_o latter_a writer_n of_o the_o mountain_n tenariffe_n in_o the_o canary_n scaliger_n be_v bold_a to_o report_v out_o of_o other_o man_n relation_n that_o it_o rise_v in_o height_n above_o 15_o league_n which_o make_v 60_o mile_n but_o petricius_fw-la more_o bold_a than_o he_o will_v have_v it_o 70_o mile_n little_o less_o be_v speak_v of_o pico_n among_o the_o azoris_n inâ—ulâ—_n and_o the_o mountain_n andi_fw-la in_o peru_n but_o to_o confute_v these_o relation_n we_o will_v use_v this_o argument_n it_o be_v report_v by_o the_o spanish_a writer_n which_o have_v speak_v of_o this_o place_n that_o the_o top_n of_o these_o mountain_n scarce_o any_o one_o or_o two_o month_n in_o the_o year_n be_v free_a from_o snow_n now_o that_o snow_n shall_v be_v engender_v above_o 60_o or_o 70_o mile_n above_o the_o ordinary_a plain_a of_o the_o winter_n or_o earth_n be_v against_o the_o judgement_n of_o our_o best_a astronomer_n because_o as_o they_o have_v observe_v out_o of_o eratosthenes_n measure_n the_o high_a vapour_n seldom_o reach_v so_o far_o as_o 48_o mile_n in_o height_n every_o way_n from_o the_o earth_n this_o argument_n may_v as_o well_o serve_v to_o confute_v these_o ancient_a opinion_n before_o mention_v have_v they_o not_o be_v so_o fabulous_a as_o scarce_o to_o deserve_v any_o solid_a confutation_n 3_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o land_n above_o the_o sea_n in_o diverse_a place_n be_v more_o than_o the_o height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n above_o the_o ordinary_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o have_v probable_o show_v out_o of_o former_a ground_n that_o as_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o the_o hill_n and_o mountain_n in_o proportion_n answer_v to_o the_o whirlpool_n and_o extraordinary_a gulf_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o main_a ocean_n be_v far_o more_o below_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o those_o other_o whirlpool_n and_o holes_n extend_v themselves_o below_o that_o depth_n but_o to_o prove_v this_o by_o a_o more_o sensible_a argument_n we_o will_v compare_v the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o mathematician_n by_o experience_n have_v guess_v for_o it_o be_v find_v by_o mathematic_a instrument_n as_o we_o have_v prove_v in_o the_o precedent_n theorem_a that_o the_o high_a mountain_n seldom_o or_o never_o mount_v upward_o above_o ten_o furlong_n which_o be_v a_o english_a mile_n and_o a_o quarter_n but_o the_o height_n of_o the_o land_n in_o some_o place_n where_o appear_v no_o such_o hill_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v much_o more_o to_o prove_v which_o assertion_n we_o can_v have_v no_o fit_a argument_n than_o the_o fresh_a spring_n
be_v hard_a and_o more_o rocky_a than_o other_o as_o be_v more_o able_a to_o resist_v this_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n hence_o also_o it_o happen_v that_o old_a building_n be_v erect_v in_o the_o side_n of_o mountain_n have_v their_o foundation_n after_o a_o time_n uncover_v and_o be_v much_o subject_n to_o ruin_n a_o instance_n whereof_o may_v be_v give_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a capitol_n who_o foundation_n according_a to_o the_o relation_n of_o george_n agricola_n appear_v now_o plain_o above_o the_o ground_n which_o without_o question_n be_v heretofore_o deep_o root_v in_o the_o earth_n in_o plain_n and_o valley_n we_o find_v all_o thing_n to_o happen_v contrary_a wise_a to_o wit_n that_o all_o place_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o superficies_n be_v raise_v much_o high_a than_o they_o be_v in_o time_n past_a the_o reason_n whereof_o may_v easy_o be_v give_v out_o of_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o the_o earth_n carry_v by_o the_o wash_n of_o the_o rain_n from_o the_o topps_n of_o mountain_n into_o the_o valley_n whence_o we_o may_v perceive_v old_a house_n heretofore_o fair_o build_v to_o be_v now_o almost_o bury_v under_o ground_n and_o their_o window_n heretofore_o set_v at_o a_o reasonable_a height_n now_o grow_v even_o with_o the_o pavement_n so_o some_o write_v of_o the_o triumphal_a arch_n of_o septimius_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o capitol_n mountain_n in_o rome_n now_o almost_o cover_v with_o earth_n insomuch_o as_o they_o be_v enforce_v to_o descend_v down_o into_o it_o by_o as_o many_o stair_n as_o former_o they_o be_v use_v to_o ascend_v in_o like_a sort_n we_o see_v in_o old_a monastery_n &_o religious_a house_n their_o low_a room_n window_n &_o door_n very_o far_o couch_v under_o ground_n of_o which_o great_a inconvenience_n we_o can_v suspect_v the_o architect_n judgement_n but_o rather_o our_o forementioned_a cause_n from_o this_o bury_n of_o part_n of_o some_o house_n under_o ground_n it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o the_o far_o they_o be_v under_o ground_n so_o much_o ancient_a they_o be_v as_o we_o may_v observe_v here_o with_o we_o in_o oxford_n that_o our_o most_o ancient_a college_n have_v the_o window_n of_o their_o low_a room_n somewhere_o altogether_o choke_v up_o with_o earth_n without_o or_o at_o least_o half_a way_n in_o somuch_o as_o the_o flore_fw-la within_o be_v find_v to_o be_v far_o inferior_a in_o height_n to_o the_o street_n without_o this_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o architect_n who_o in_o dig_v up_o old_a foundation_n before_o they_o come_v to_o firm_a ground_n whereon_o to_o erect_v a_o building_n be_v enforce_v first_o to_o remove_v away_o the_o rubbish_n or_o as_o they_o term_v it_o the_o made-ground_n wherein_o oftentimes_o they_o find_v wood_n iron-instrument_n old_a coin_n with_o diverse_a other_o trash_n of_o this_o nature_n a_o instance_n we_o have_v in_o some_o of_o the_o low_a place_n in_o somersetshire_n where_o some_o upon_o occasion_n dig_v the_o earth_n somewhat_o deep_a have_v find_v great_a okes_n turn_v topsy_n turuie_o with_o their_o root_n upward_o to_o conjecture_v with_o some_o that_o this_o be_v cause_v by_o noah_n flood_n seem_v to_o be_v very_o improbable_a 1_o because_o as_o we_o have_v former_o show_v in_o this_o chapter_n the_o water_n in_o the_o deluge_n can_v not_o have_v so_o violent_a a_o motion_n to_o procure_v such_o a_o alteration_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n 2_o it_o can_v so_o well_o be_v imagine_v how_o such_o tree_n shall_v remain_v so_o long_a a_o time_n without_o putrefaction_n wherefore_o we_o can_v well_o cast_v it_o on_o any_o other_o cause_n than_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o earthly_a part_n bring_v by_o rain_n from_o the_o mountain_n into_o the_o valley_n and_o so_o by_o some_o land-flood_n which_o partake_v much_o of_o slimy_a and_o earthly_a matter_n disperse_v abroad_o upon_o the_o land_n about_o now_o on_o the_o contrary_a part_n we_o find_v in_o few_o place_n of_o mountain_n such_o made-ground_n which_o have_v before_o be_v move_v this_o will_v also_o appear_v out_o of_o the_o industry_n of_o our_o low-countreyman_a who_o by_o bay_v up_o the_o river_n into_o certain_a artificial_a channel_n the_o ground_n about_o have_v be_v much_o raise_v where_o on_o the_o contrary_a side_n the_o force_n of_o the_o water_n into_o high_a place_n oftentimes_o be_v find_v to_o fret_v through_o the_o earth_n and_o make_v it_o low_o what_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o effect_n of_o river_n and_o raine_n in_o diminish_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o exalt_v of_o the_o valley_n we_o may_v in_o some_o sort_n find_v in_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v low_a than_o the_o earth_n and_o many_o great_a river_n continual_o run_v from_o the_o earth_n into_o it_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o there_o be_v carry_v in_o their_o current_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o earth_n in_o so_o much_o as_o by_o the_o heap_v of_o sand_n and_o earthly_a rubbish_n the_o mouth_n of_o great_a river_n be_v in_o time_n choke_v up_o and_o commodious_a haven_n spoil_v and_o remove_v far_o into_o the_o land_n of_o which_o alternall_a transmutation_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o land_n wâ—_n shall_v speak_v hereafter_o &_o for_o present_a instance_n need_v to_o go_v no_o far_o than_o diverse_a town_n in_o devon_n which_o according_a to_o the_o relation_n of_o ancient_a man_n have_v heretofore_o be_v fair_a haven_n able_a to_o receive_v great_a ship_n to_o which_o notwithstanding_o at_o this_o time_n a_o small_a boat_n can_v arrive_v except_o in_o a_o full_a tide_n meteor_n the_o like_a whereof_o be_v report_v by_o aristotle_n 1_o of_o a_o place_n in_o egypt_n call_v delta_n make_v by_o the_o heap_v up_o of_o sand_n and_o slime_n bring_v by_o nilus_n from_o the_o ethiopian_a mountain_n 2_o of_o ammania_fw-la regio_fw-la which_o in_o time_n past_o be_v sea_n through_o the_o slime_n convey_v in_o the_o river_n become_v afterward_o as_o a_o stand_a pool_n which_o in_o process_n of_o time_n wax_v dry_a and_o join_v itself_o to_o the_o continent_n 3_o of_o maeotis_n palus_n that_o the_o dry_a land_n environ_v it_o round_o be_v so_o much_o increase_v that_o ship_n of_o that_o burden_n can_v arrive_v which_o can_v in_o time_n pass_v within_o 60_o year_n before_o which_o be_v also_o in_o some_o sort_n testify_v by_o polybius_n 4_o the_o like_a be_v relate_v of_o bosphorus_n thracius_n and_o many_o other_o place_n record_v by_o pliny_n 4._o of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o from_o these_o observation_n blancanus_n will_v infer_v these_o consectary_n 1_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o from_o the_o beginning_n endow_v with_o mountain_n 2_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o so_o continue_v until_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n â—nd_v unless_o the_o fire_n whereof_o the_o scripture_n speak_v shall_v prevent_v it_o the_o whole_a earth_n shall_v in_o the_o end_n be_v overwhelmed_n with_o water_n as_o in_o the_o beginning_n and_o so_o be_v make_v void_a of_o habitation_n but_o on_o such_o conjecture_n i_o dare_v not_o too_o bold_o venture_v be_v speculation_n build_v on_o no_o sufficient_a ground_n all_o which_o can_v hence_o warrantable_o be_v collect_v be_v express_v in_o our_o former_a theorem_a 2_o of_o the_o figurature_n of_o country_n in_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n we_o have_v speak_v it_o be_v requisite_a here_o we_o speak_v somewhat_o of_o wood_n and_o champion_n country_n 3_o a_o wood_n be_v a_o region_n or_o space_n of_o land_n beset_v with_o tree_n a_o champion_n region_n be_v a_o space_n of_o land_n either_o altogether_o void_a or_o scarce_o furnish_v with_o tree_n some_o critic_n here_o curious_o distinguish_v in_o latin_a betwixt_o sylva_n lucus_n and_o nemus_n by_o sylva_n understand_v a_o space_n beset_v with_o tree_n ordain_v to_o be_v cut_v down_o but_o lucus_n be_v a_o place_n where_o tree_n be_v not_o ordain_v to_o be_v cut_v down_o but_o reserve_v sacred_a for_o in_o such_o grove_n they_o do_v ancient_o use_v to_o offer_v sacrifice_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o diverse_a place_n out_o of_o the_o old_a testament_n where_o the_o heathenish_a manner_n of_o worship_v be_v forbid_v and_o sometime_o reprove_v in_o the_o king_n of_o juda_n and_o israel_n that_o which_o the_o latin_n call_v nemus_n be_v a_o grove_n or_o wood_n ordain_v only_o for_o pleasure_n and_o recreation_n but_o the_o discuss_n of_o these_o business_n rather_o belong_v to_o a_o grammarian_n then_o a_o geographer_n who_o take_v little_a notice_n but_o of_o those_o matter_n which_o most_o principal_o and_o remarkable_o belong_v to_o any_o region_n wherefore_o omit_v other_o curiosity_n we_o have_v distinguish_v only_o between_o a_o woody_n and_o a_o champion_n country_n whereof_o as_o we_o have_v define_v one_o be_v beset_v with_o a_o multitude_n of_o tree_n the_o other_o with_o few_o or_o none_o what_o concern_v a_o
geographer_n to_o observe_v in_o those_o matter_n shall_v general_o be_v comprise_v in_o this_o theorem_a 1_o wood_n in_o these_o day_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a nor_o so_o great_a as_o in_o ancient_a time_n we_o can_v imagine_v otherwise_o then_o that_o the_o earth_n soon_o upon_o the_o flood_n bear_v in_o her_o womb_n the_o seed_n of_o all_o vegetal_n be_v inward_o moisten_v and_o outward_o comfort_v with_o heat_n shall_v present_o abound_v with_o plant_n of_o all_o sort_n in_o so_o much_o as_o in_o a_o short_a time_n each_o thing_n propagate_a itself_o by_o communication_n of_o his_o own_o seed_n the_o whole_a earth_n be_v overgrow_v as_o one_o forest_n but_o afterward_o as_o man_n begin_v to_o spread_v and_o multiply_v on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n these_o wood_n and_o thicket_n begin_v to_o suffer_v chastisement_n under_o the_o hand_n of_o laborious_a husbandry_n for_o first_o to_o open_v a_o passage_n from_o one_o place_n unto_o another_o and_o that_o some_o parcel_n of_o ground_n shall_v as_o pasture_n be_v divide_v from_o woody_n acre_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o this_o great_a plenty_n of_o tree_n shall_v suffer_v a_o decrease_n yet_o little_o have_v this_o be_v note_v in_o so_o vast_a a_o store_n have_v not_o the_o invention_n of_o building_n of_o house_n by_o little_a and_o little_o turn_v great_a forest_n into_o city_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n owe_v not_o only_o their_o first_o original_n but_o also_o their_o daily_a reparation_n to_o tree_n and_o timber_n but_o above_o all_o the_o great_a devourer_n of_o wood_n and_o forest_n be_v fire_n a_o element_n feed_v and_o nourish_v almost_o of_o no_o other_o matter_n for_o to_o let_v pass_v the_o ordinary_a use_n of_o fire_n in_o every_o house_n and_o family_n which_o in_o so_o infinite_a a_o multitude_n of_o people_n in_o so_o many_o year_n since_o the_o flood_n must_v require_v a_o extraordinary_a proportion_n of_o wood_n and_o fuel_n how_o many_o art_n have_v be_v since_o invent_v depend_v only_o upon_o this_o element_n we_o will_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o art_n of_o liquefaction_n fine_v of_o gold_n and_o other_o metal_n find_v out_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o the_o covetousness_n of_o man_n have_v be_v as_o unsatiable_a as_o the_o fire_n to_o this_o which_o we_o have_v say_v may_v probable_o be_v oppose_v two_o thing_n first_o the_o power_n and_o inclination_n of_o every_o creature_n to_o multiply_v and_o propagate_v itself_o second_o the_o industry_n of_o mankind_n in_o second_v that_o inclination_n whence_o it_o may_v be_v conjecture_v that_o great_a wood_n shall_v by_o durance_n increase_v to_o a_o great_a quantity_n for_o the_o former_a no_o man_n will_v deny_v but_o that_o plant_n and_o tree_n leave_v to_o themselves_o will_v common_o propagate_v their_o kind_n nevertheless_o it_o can_v prevail_v so_o much_o as_o the_o other_o which_o procure_v the_o decrease_n first_o because_o the_o earth_n be_v dry_a now_o then_o soon_o upon_o the_o flood_n can_v so_o much_o further_a the_o growth_n of_o vegetal_n as_o then_o it_o do_v second_o because_o as_o we_o have_v say_v this_o growth_n in_o a_o populous_a country_n can_v be_v so_o great_a as_o the_o diminution_n since_o few_o or_o no_o house_n can_v want_v so_o necessary_a a_o element_n as_o fire_n to_o the_o second_o we_o answer_v that_o man_n industry_n have_v do_v somewhat_o in_o plantation_n of_o grove_n and_o such_o like_a but_o how_o little_a be_v this_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o huge_a and_o vast_a forest_n in_o time_n by_o man_n waste_v and_o consume_v we_o shall_v read_v of_o germany_n that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o caesar_n it_o seem_v a_o wild_a country_n have_v many_o great_a wood_n and_o forest_n but_o few_o city_n but_o now_o the_o case_n be_v alter_v we_o shall_v find_v the_o city_n both_o in_o number_n and_o greatness_n increase_v and_o the_o wood_n diminish_v two_o instance_n may_v suffice_v the_o one_o of_o the_o forest_n of_o ardenna_n in_o lutzemburg_n account_v in_o caesar_n time_n 500_o mile_n over_o now_o scarce_o 50._o the_o other_o of_o sylva_n hyrcinia_n which_o heretofore_o if_o we_o believe_v history_n reach_v so_o far_o as_o a_o man_n can_v travail_v in_o 60_o day_n but_o now_o be_v make_v the_o only_a limit_n or_o bind_v divide_v bohemia_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o germany_n the_o like_a may_v be_v observe_v almost_o of_o every_o other_o country_n reduce_v to_o civility_n 2_o place_n moderate_o situate_v towards_o the_o north_n or_o south_n pole_n abound_v more_o in_o wood_n then_o near_o the_o equatour_n this_o situation_n we_o understand_v to_o comprehend_v almost_o all_o the_o temperate_a zone_n reach_v either_o way_n so_o far_o as_o 60_o degree_n or_o there_o about_o the_o demonstration_n of_o this_o theorem_a depend_v of_o these_o two_o foment_n of_o all_o plant_n heat_v and_o moisture_n both_o which_o concur_v not_o only_o to_o the_o abundance_n and_o fertility_n but_o also_o to_o the_o greatness_n of_o all_o plant_n for_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o wheresoever_o these_o two_o vital_a succour_n be_v want_v or_o deficient_a there_o must_v be_v a_o great_a scarcity_n of_o tree_n fruit_n herbage_n and_o such_o like_a this_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o region_n far_o north_n near_o about_o the_o pole_n beyond_o 60_o degree_n have_v not_o only_a scarcity_n of_o tree_n but_o have_v they_o such_o as_o be_v of_o a_o far_o small_a quantity_n than_o other_o region_n lie_v more_o temperate_a for_o the_o internal_a and_o natural_a heat_n be_v almost_o extinguish_v with_o the_o extremity_n of_o cold_a and_o the_o moisture_n as_o it_o be_v dry_v up_o by_o the_o frosty_a disposition_n of_o the_o region_n to_o this_o cause_n may_v we_o ascribe_v that_o which_o geographer_n have_v deliver_v concern_v island_n that_o for_o want_v of_o timber_n they_o cover_v their_o house_n with_o fish-bone_n dig_v out_o house_n in_o the_o side_n of_o rock_n and_o mountain_n moreover_o that_o the_o mere_a defect_n of_o moisture_n may_v cause_v a_o scarcity_n of_o growth_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o many_o place_n 1_o because_o temperate_a region_n which_o be_v mountainous_a and_o lie_v high_o produce_v tree_n of_o small_a length_n bodin_n testify_v as_o a_o thing_n very_o remarkable_a that_o he_o have_v observe_v oak_n in_o france_n not_o exceed_v 3_o or_o 4_o foot_n but_o this_o be_v no_o great_a wonder_n with_o we_o in_o england_n since_o in_o the_o dry_a and_o barren_a plain_n about_o salisbury_n there_o be_v many_o example_n not_o much_o different_a all_o which_o we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o want_n of_o moisture_n on_o the_o other_o side_n as_o great_a or_o great_a a_o defect_n of_o heat_n &_o moisture_n be_v find_v near_o the_o equatour_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o external_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o in_o all_o plant_n and_o vegetal_n not_o only_o evaporate_v the_o moisture_n and_o by_o consequence_n cause_v drought_n but_o by_o the_o extraction_n of_o internal_a heat_n leave_v a_o great_a cold_n behind_o correspondent_a to_o that_o humour_n in_o a_o man_n which_o we_o call_v melancholy_a and_o choler-adust_a but_o this_o extremity_n of_o heat_n cause_v this_o defect_n of_o internal_a heat_n &_o moisture_n we_o place_v not_o direct_o under_o the_o equinoctial_a because_o we_o have_v show_v it_o to_o be_v more_o temperate_a but_o rather_o under_o the_o tropic_n which_o by_o experience_n be_v find_v scorch_v with_o great_a heat_n how_o subject_a these_o place_n under_o the_o tropicke_n be_v to_o this_o sterility_n we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o libya_n and_o numidia_n to_o confirm_v place_n by_o the_o report_n of_o traveller_n indigent_a not_o only_o of_o wood_n and_o tree_n but_o almost_o of_o all_o vital_a succour_n whereas_o the_o wood_n &_o forest_n disperse_v almost_o in_o every_o region_n of_o europe_n and_o the_o more_o temperate_a part_n of_o asia_n be_v celebrate_v of_o all_o writer_n yet_o whereas_o we_o have_v define_v the_o chief_a place_n for_o the_o growth_n of_o wood_n to_o be_v towards_o the_o north_n so_o far_o as_o 60_o degree_n or_o thereabouts_o we_o can_v warrant_v this_o as_o a_o absolute_a general_a observation_n because_o some_o place_n lie_v very_o low_a and_o subject_a to_o much_o moisture_n though_o situate_v more_o southerly_a may_v enjoy_v this_o proportion_n as_o we_o have_v former_o show_v of_o tree_n near_o the_o river_n hiarotis_n record_v by_o strabo_n to_o have_v their_o noon_n shadow_n of_o 5_o furlong_n as_o also_o of_o certain_a tree_n in_o america_n near_o rivo_n negro_n wherein_o as_o peter_n martyr_n write_v a_o king_n dwell_v with_o all_o his_o family_n but_o these_o place_n howsoever_o situate_a towards_o the_o south_n be_v as_o geographer_n deliver_v unto_o we_o most_o time_n of_o the_o year_n overwhelm_v with_o water_n consist_v all_o of_o marish_a
peninsula_n the_o most_o famous_a be_v africa_n scandia_n taurica_n chersonesus_n peloponnesus_n and_o america_n peruana_n that_o little_a parcel_n of_o land_n which_o join_v this_o peninsula_n with_o the_o main_a land_n we_o call_v a_o isthmus_n which_o be_v a_o narrow_a neck_n of_o land_n betwixt_o two_o sea_n join_v two_o continent_n such_o as_o be_v isthmus_n corinthiacus_n and_o isthmus_n cimbricus_fw-la more_o famous_a be_v those_o two_o narrow_a land_n whereof_o the_o one_o lie_v betwixt_o peruana_n and_o mexico_n in_o america_n the_o other_o divide_v africa_n from_o asia_n a_o promontory_n be_v a_o great_a mountain_n stretch_v itself_o far_o into_o the_o sea_n who_o extremity_n be_v call_v a_o cape_n or_o head_n of_o which_o the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n in_o africa_n 2._o the_o cape_n of_o s._n vincent_n in_o portugal_n 3._o the_o cape_n of_o comary_a in_o asia_n 4._o the_o cape_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr victoria_n in_o america_n our_o observation_n concern_v this_o distinction_n shall_v be_v comprise_v in_o this_o theorem_a 1_o peninsula_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n fret_v through_o the_o isthmus_n have_v oftentimes_o be_v turn_v into_o land_n and_o contrariwise_o sometime_o peninsula_n by_o diminution_n of_o the_o sea_n make_v of_o land_n this_o proposition_n be_v not_o hard_a to_o prove_v if_o any_o credit_n ought_v to_o be_v gruen_v to_o ancient_a writer_n for_o it_o be_v common_o relate_v that_o sicily_n be_v heretofore_o join_v to_o italy_n cyprus_n to_o syria_n euboea_n with_o boeotia_n besbicum_fw-la with_o bythinia_n all_o which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v land_n separate_v and_o divide_v from_o the_o continent_n the_o like_a have_v be_v conjecture_v of_o our_o britain_n which_o some_o imagine_v heretofore_o to_o have_v be_v join_v with_o the_o continent_n of_o france_n about_o dover_n and_o calais_n as_o may_v seem_v probable_o to_o be_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o correspondency_n of_o the_o cliff_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o this_o chapter_n before_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o soil_n the_o smallness_n of_o the_o distance_n and_o many_o more_o argument_n remember_v by_o we_o elsewhere_o also_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o the_o sea_n in_o some_o place_n leave_v his_o ancient_a bound_n have_v join_v some_o land_n to_o the_o land_n make_v peninsulas_fw-la of_o land_n in_o this_o sort_n if_o we_o believe_v antiquity_n be_v antissa_n join_v to_o lesbos_n zephirium_fw-la to_o halicarnassus_n ethusa_n to_o mindus_n promiscon_n to_o miletum_n narthucusa_n to_o the_o promontory_n of_o parthenius_n in_o these_o antiquity_n it_o behoove_v every_o man_n to_o judge_v without_o partiality_n according_a to_o reason_n not_o ascribe_v too_o much_o to_o fabulous_a narration_n wherein_o those_o age_n do_v abound_v neither_o yet_o show_v himself_o too_o incredulous_a for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o can_v charge_v these_o author_n with_o any_o manifest_a absurdity_n the_o special_a and_o particular_a argument_n by_o which_o we_o shall_v establish_v our_o assertion_n we_o must_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o method_n reserve_v to_o the_o special_a part_n where_o we_o shall_v treat_v ofspeciall_a country_n chap._n xii_o 1_o of_o the_o perpetual_a accident_n of_o the_o land_n we_o have_v speak_v somewhat_o it_o remain_v in_o this_o place_n we_o treat_v of_o the_o casual_a 2_o the_o casual_a i_o call_v such_o as_o happen_v not_o ordinary_o at_o all_o time_n such_o as_o be_v inundation_n and_o earthquake_n 3_o a_o inundation_n be_v a_o overwhelm_a of_o the_o land_n by_o water_n howsoever_o it_o be_v certain_a out_o of_o holy_a scripture_n that_o god_n have_v set_v the_o sea_n his_o certain_a bound_n and_o limit_n which_o it_o can_v pass_v yet_o the_o same_o god_n sometime_o to_o show_v his_o special_a judgement_n on_o some_o place_n or_o age_n have_v extraordinary_o permit_v the_o sea_n sometime_o to_o break_v his_o appoint_a limit_n and_o invade_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o land_n this_o we_o call_v a_o deluge_n or_o inundation_n the_o inundation_n which_o ever_o have_v be_v observe_v on_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o universal_a or_o particular_a a_o universal_a be_v that_o whereby_o the_o whole_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n whereof_o we_o have_v only_o two_o example_n the_o first_o be_v in_o the_o first_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n when_o as_o we_o read_v in_o the_o scripture_n the_o whole_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o invelope_v with_o water_n which_o cover_v the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n till_o such_o time_n as_o god_n by_o a_o supernatural_a hand_n make_v a_o separation_n of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o dry_a land_n but_o this_o be_v improper_o call_v a_o inundation_n because_o the_o same_o proper_o take_v imply_v as_o much_o as_o a_o overflow_a of_o that_o which_o be_v dry_a land_n before_o the_o second_o as_o we_o read_v in_o genesis_n happen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o noah_n when_o god_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o man_n drown_v the_o whole_a world_n break_v open_a the_o cataract_n of_o heaven_n and_o lose_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o deep_a particular_a inundation_n be_v such_o as_o be_v not_o over_o the_o whole_a earth_n but_o in_o some_o particular_a place_n or_o region_n such_o a_o deluge_n according_a to_o genebrardus_n happen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o enos_n wherein_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v drown_v the_o like_a iâ—_n speak_v of_o ogygeâ—_n king_n of_o athens_n that_o in_o his_o time_n happen_v a_o very_a great_a inundation_n which_o drown_v all_o the_o confine_n and_o coast_n of_o attica_n and_o achaia_n even_o to_o the_o aegean_a sea_n in_o which_o time_n it_o be_v think_v that_o buras_n and_o helice_n city_n of_o achaia_n be_v swallow_v up_o whereof_o ovid_n in_o his_o metamorphosis_n speak_v thus_o si_fw-mi quaeras_fw-la helicen_n &_o buran_n achaidos_fw-la urbes_fw-la inuenies_fw-la sub_fw-la aquis_fw-la buras_n and_o helice_n on_o achaiâ—n_n ground_n be_v seek_v in_o vain_a but_o under_o sea_n be_v find_v as_o famous_a be_v the_o inundation_n of_o thessaly_n in_o deucalion_n time_n mention_v not_o only_o by_o profane_a writer_n and_o poet_n but_o also_o by_o s._n augustin_n jerom_n and_o eusebius_n which_o will_v have_v it_o to_o happen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o cranaus_n who_o next_o after_o cecrops_n govern_v athens_n this_o inundation_n be_v exceed_v great_a extend_v itself_o not_o only_o over_o all_o thessaly_n and_o the_o region_n adjoin_v westward_o but_o overwhelm_v the_o great_a part_n of_o italy_n the_o same_o or_o other_o happen_v near_o the_o same_o time_n oppress_v egypt_n if_o eusebius_n may_v obtain_v credit_n hence_o some_o will_v have_v the_o people_n of_o italy_n to_o have_v be_v call_v vmbrij_fw-la as_o pliny_n and_o solinus_n report_n quia_fw-la ab_fw-la imbribus_fw-la dilwij_fw-la superfuissent_fw-la but_o this_o etymology_n seem_v too_o far_o fetch_v there_o be_v also_o two_o other_o notable_a inundation_n mention_v by_o ancient_a writer_n which_o fall_v out_o in_o egypt_n from_o the_o river_n of_o nilus_n whereof_o the_o first_o cover_v all_o the_o neither_o egypt_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o prometheus_n and_o hence_o as_o natalis_n come_v observe_v be_v the_o fable_n draw_v of_o the_o vulture_n light_v on_o prometheus_n liver_n afterward_o slay_v by_o hercules_n for_o as_o diodorus_n siculus_n observe_v the_o river_n nilus_n for_o the_o swiftness_n of_o his_o course_n be_v in_o ancient_a time_n call_v a_o eagle_n this_o river_n afterward_o do_v hercules_n by_o his_o great_a skill_n and_o judgement_n streiten_fw-ge and_o bind_v reduce_v it_o into_o narrow_a channel_n whence_o some_o greek_a poet_n turn_v hercules_n labour_v into_o fable_n feign_a that_o hercules_n slay_v the_o eagle_n which_o say_v on_o prometheus_n breast_n mean_v that_o he_o deliver_v prometheus_n out_o of_o that_o sorrow_n and_o loss_n which_o he_o and_o his_o people_n sustain_v by_o that_o inundation_n the_o second_o of_o these_o egyptian_a flood_n happen_v about_o pharus_n in_o egypt_n where_o alexander_n the_o great_a build_v alexandria_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v many_o more_o of_o lesser_a moment_n as_o well_o in_o ancient_a time_n as_o in_o our_o day_n as_o that_o of_o belgia_n in_o some_o part_n mention_v before_o on_o another_o occasion_n and_o not_o many_o year_n since_o in_o some_o part_n of_o somersetshire_n with_o we_o in_o britanny_n 1_o no_o universal_a inundation_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v natural_a the_o other_o may_v depend_v on_o some_o natural_a cause_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o inundation_n many_o dispute_n have_v be_v among_o natural_a philosopher_n some_o have_v trust_v so_o far_o to_o nature_n that_o they_o have_v ascribe_v not_o only_o particular_a inundation_n but_o that_o universal_a deluge_n in_o the_o time_n of_o noah_n to_o second_v cause_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v henricus_fw-la mecliensis_fw-la a_o scholar_n of_o
for_o the_o other_o invention_n of_o letter_n howsoever_o it_o be_v by_o the_o grecian_n ascribe_v to_o cadmus_n as_o the_o first_o inuentour_n because_o he_o be_v the_o man_n that_o first_o discover_v it_o to_o the_o grecian_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o it_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o seth_n and_o that_o print_n first_o come_v to_o we_o from_o this_o eastern_a part_n appear_v by_o john_n guttemberg_n who_o bring_v it_o first_o out_o of_o the_o eastern_a world_n which_o be_v conradus_n be_v instruct_v in_o bring_v the_o practice_n thereof_o to_o rome_n which_o afterward_o one_o gesnerus_fw-la a_o frenchman_n much_o better_v and_o perfect_v for_o howsoever_o among_o the_o europaean_n this_o invention_n seem_v but_o new_o bear_v yet_o the_o chinois_n have_v it_o before_o either_o the_o egyptian_n or_o phaenician_o when_o the_o grecian_n have_v neither_o knowledge_n nor_o civility_n which_o be_v witness_v above_o a_o hundred_o year_n go_v by_o the_o spaniard_n and_o portugall_n farther_o for_o the_o magnificence_n of_o those_o nation_n a_o argument_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o history_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a who_o find_v more_o stately_a building_n and_o city_n in_o the_o little_a kingdom_n of_o porus_n which_o lie_v side_n by_o side_n against_o the_o east-indies_n then_o in_o all_o his_o former_a travail_n for_o in_o alexander_n time_n learning_n &_o civility_n be_v not_o spread_v so_o far_o west_n as_o rome_n neither_o do_v he_o esteem_v of_o italy_n any_o otherwise_o then_o of_o a_o barbarous_a and_o uncivil_a place_n which_o make_v he_o to_o turn_v his_o army_n rather_o against_o babylon_n and_o the_o east_n which_o seem_v a_o far_o worthy_a prize_n moreover_o paulus_n venetus_n show_v that_o letter_n and_o discipline_n be_v first_o borrow_v from_o the_o eastern_a people_n without_o any_o return_n of_o interest_n a_o three_o reason_n may_v be_v from_o the_o extraordinary_a strength_n of_o those_o eastern_a people_n in_o most_o ancient_a time_n for_o it_o be_v report_v by_o diodorus_n siculus_n out_o of_o clesias_n that_o semiramis_n the_o wife_n of_o ninus_n not_o many_o descent_n from_o noah_n bring_v a_o army_n to_o invade_v india_n of_o three_o million_o beside_o horse_n and_o waggoner_n neither_o have_v staurobates_n her_o adversary_n small_a multitude_n to_o encounter_v she_o which_o extraordinary_a strength_n and_o multitude_n of_o man_n can_v not_o possible_o issue_v out_o of_o any_o colony_n send_v thither_o from_o the_o western_a part_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o they_o have_v their_o first_o offspring_n and_o original_n in_o those_o eastern_a part_n near_o india_n sundry_a other_o reason_n may_v be_v allege_v but_o these_o i_o suppose_v will_v suffice_v to_o fortify_v this_o assertion_n then_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o first_o plantation_n of_o nation_n begin_v in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o where_o we_o shall_v place_v and_o define_v this_o eastern_a part_n seem_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a difficulty_n than_o the_o other_o sr_n walter_n raleigh_n out_o of_o the_o premise_a argument_n will_v seem_v to_o prove_v that_o this_o first_o plantation_n be_v far_o â—ast_v as_o far_o as_o india_n near_o which_o he_o will_v have_v the_o ark_n to_o rest_v to_o wit_n on_o the_o mountain_n caucasus_n lie_v betwixt_o india_n &_o scythia_n notwithstanding_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o learned_a author_n i_o find_v that_o the_o most_o ancient_a writer_n have_v draw_v the_o original_n of_o all_o nation_n soon_o after_o the_o flood_n from_o the_o caldaean_o or_o at_o least_o among_o all_o make_v they_o the_o first_o for_o confirmation_n of_o which_o opinion_n they_o urge_v many_o strong_a argument_n in_o the_o first_o place_n they_o urge_v the_o testimony_n of_o moses_n in_o the_o 11_o of_o genesis_n where_o speak_v of_o the_o first_o assembly_n of_o people_n after_o the_o flood_n he_o relate_v that_o they_o come_v from_o the_o east_n into_o the_o plain_n of_o shinaar_n in_o which_o place_n stand_v babylon_n the_o chief_a seat_n of_o the_o caldaean_o to_o this_o they_o add_v the_o testimony_n of_o metasthenes_n herodotus_n câ—esias_n &_o xenophon_n which_o have_v afterward_o be_v second_v by_o diogenes_n laertius_n philo_n porphyry_n in_o a_o certain_a epistle_n to_o boethus_n clemens_n alexandrinus_n in_o stromatis_n eusebius_n de_fw-la euangelica_fw-la demonstratione_fw-la theodoretus_n lib_n 1._o de_fw-la graecarum_fw-la affectionum_fw-la ouratione_fw-la rabbi_n moses_n maymonis_fw-la filius_fw-la lib_n 3._o cap._n 30._o perplexorum_fw-la with_o almost_o all_o the_o interpreter_n of_o the_o hebrew_n all_o which_o with_o uniform_a consent_n have_v affirm_v that_o civility_n art_n and_o science_n derive_v their_o first_o descent_n from_o the_o caldaean_o hence_o they_o feign_v that_o prometheus_n be_v a_o caldaean_n for_o that_o he_o recall_v man_n from_o a_o wild_a life_n to_o a_o more_o civil_a conversation_n and_o teach_v the_o regular_a motion_n of_o the_o star_n and_o planet_n before_o unknown_a steal_v fire_n from_o heaven_n and_o animate_v man_n form_v out_o of_o clay_n with_o a_o celestial_a soul_n but_o above_o all_o which_o may_v be_v collect_v in_o this_o kind_n no_o small_a argument_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o mark_n and_o footstep_n of_o the_o hebrew_n and_o chaldy_n tongue_n which_o in_o no_o mixture_n of_o tongue_n or_o process_n of_o time_n can_v ever_o be_v abolish_v for_o this_o be_v the_o first_o of_o all_o other_o language_n be_v preserve_v by_o abraham_n and_o his_o posterity_n and_o challenge_v antiquity_n before_o ever_o the_o latin_a or_o grecian_a tongue_n have_v any_o memory_n in_o so_o much_o as_o all_o the_o ancient_a nation_n of_o the_o world_n be_v find_v in_o most_o of_o their_o original_a name_n of_o god_n people_n prince_n and_o place_n to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o hebrew_n or_o chaldey_n tongue_n differ_v only_o in_o dialect_n which_o without_o manifest_a wrest_n and_o absurdity_n can_v well_o be_v derive_v from_o other_o latter_a language_n the_o first_o father_n of_o the_o people_n of_o europe_n be_v japhet_n the_o son_n of_o noah_n according_a to_o the_o joint_a consent_n of_o hebrew_n grecian_n and_o latin_n to_o which_o allude_v the_o poet_n where_o he_o say_v audax_fw-la japetigenus_fw-la this_o name_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o japhet_n in_o hebrew_a signify_v asmuch_o as_o dilatation_n or_o enlargement_n whereas_o the_o greek_a etymologist_n ridiculous_o draw_v it_o from_o many_o other_o original_n in_o the_o like_a sort_n tacitus_n ignorant_a of_o the_o hebrew_n will_v have_v the_o people_n of_o palestine_n to_o be_v call_v judaei_n quasi_fw-la idaei_n from_o the_o mountain_n ida_n in_o crete_n from_o which_o he_o dream_v they_o be_v derive_v whereas_o the_o word_n in_o the_o chaldy_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o praiser_n in_o like_a manner_n jon_n or_o according_a to_o homer_n jaon_n suppose_v the_o first_o author_n of_o the_o jones_n will_v the_o grecian_n derive_v from_o a_o flower_n whereas_o the_o word_n in_o hebrew_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o deceiver_n whence_o daniel_n prophesy_v of_o alexander_n the_o great_a that_o the_o king_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v jaan_n or_o javan_n shall_v reign_v in_o assiria_n instance_n in_o this_o kind_n be_v infinite_a as_o of_o danaus_n draw_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d dan_n which_o signify_v a_o judge_n whence_o come_v dardanus_n which_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o judge_n of_o janus_n from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d jaijn_n signify_v wine_n in_o which_o sense_n he_o be_v by_o halicharnisseus_fw-la call_v oenotrius_n of_o achaeis_n which_o signify_v greece_n egypt_n which_o be_v straight_o or_o narrow_a nimrode_n rebellious_a ninus_n a_o son_n ninive_n the_o house_n of_o ninus_n solon_n quasi_fw-la solam_fw-la a_o peacemaker_n so_o cadmus_n suppose_v to_o be_v the_o father_n of_o letter_n and_o learning_n among_o the_o grecian_n signify_v in_o the_o original_n so_o much_o as_o a_o eastern_a man_n or_o a_o ancient_a man_n shall_v we_o run_v any_o further_a on_o this_o point_n we_o shall_v be_v think_v to_o write_v a_o dictionary_n for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o the_o ancient_a name_n among_o the_o grecian_n spring_v from_o the_o same_o fountain_n whence_o that_o egyptian_a priest_n have_v good_a reason_n to_o object_n to_o solon_n that_o the_o grecian_n seem_v child_n because_o they_o have_v nothing_o ancient_a among_o they_o but_o to_o better_a purpose_n a_o christian_a object_v to_o the_o grecian_n that_o moses_n the_o lawgiver_n to_o the_o christian_n be_v ancient_a than_o all_o the_o grecian_a god_n other_o reason_n be_v take_v from_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o hebrew_n out_o of_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v derive_v all_o the_o famous_a religion_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o to_o let_v pass_v the_o christian_n jewish_a &_o mahometan_a religion_n at_o this_o day_n flourish_v all_o of_o they_o challenge_v great_a antiquity_n and_o take_v a_o great_a