Selected quad for the lemma: earth_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
earth_n	air_n	time_n	water_n	2,905	5	6.1944	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54729	The first book of architecture, by Andrea Palladio. Translated out of Italian: with an appendix touching doors and windows, by Dr Le Muet architect to the French King: translated out of French by G.R. Also rules and demonstrations, with several designs for the framing of any manner of roofs either above pitch or under pitch, whether square or bevel, never published before. With designes of floors of variety of small pieces of wood, lately made in the pallace of the Queen Mother, at Sommerset-House; a curiosity never practiced in England before; Quattro libri dell'architettura. English	Palladio, Andrea, 1508-1580.; Le Muet, Pierre, 1591-1669. Divers traictez d'architecture pour l'art de bien bastir. aut; Richards, Godfrey.	1668 (1668)	Wing P205; ESTC R220416	50,205	249

winter_n and_o so_o they_o may_v be_v well_o make_v in_o the_o spring_n but_o if_o necessity_n force_v you_o to_o make_v they_o in_o the_o winter_n or_o summer_n cover_v they_o in_o winter_n with_o dry_a sand_n and_o in_o summer_n with_o straw_n when_o make_v they_o require_v a_o long_a time_n to_o dry_v and_o it_o be_v best_a that_o they_o dry_v in_o the_o shade_n so_o that_o not_o only_o the_o outside_n but_o the_o middle_n and_o all_o part_n may_v be_v equal_o harden_v which_o can_v be_v do_v in_o less_o than_o two_o year_n they_o be_v make_v big_a or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o building_n and_o the_o use_n to_o which_o they_o be_v intend_v therefore_o the_o ancient_n make_v their_o brick_n for_o public_a and_o great_a building_n large_a than_o for_o small_a and_o private_a the_o big_a sort_n ought_v to_o be_v hollow_v in_o many_o place_n that_o so_o they_o may_v dry_v and_o bake_v the_o better_a chap._n iu._n of_o sand._n there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o sand_n that_o be_v to_o say_v pit-sand_n river-sand_n and_o sea-sand_n pit-sand_n be_v of_o all_o the_o best_a and_o be_v black_a white_z red_z or_o cindry_a which_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o earth_n burn_v by_o fire_n enclose_v in_o the_o mountain_n and_o dig_v up_o in_o tuscany_n there_o be_v also_o dig_v in_o terra_n di_fw-it lavoro_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o baia_n and_o cuma_n a_o sand_n call_v by_o vitruvius_n pozzolana_n which_o sudden_o knit_v together_o in_o water_n and_o make_v build_v very_o strong_a it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o long_a experience_n that_o of_o all_o pit-sand_n the_o white_a be_v the_o worse_o and_o of_o river-sand_n that_o from_o the_o stream_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o fall_v of_o water_n be_v the_o best_a because_o it_o be_v more_o purge_v the_o sea-sand_n be_v worst_a of_o all_o and_o blacken_v and_o shine_v like_o glass_n but_o that_o be_v better_a which_o be_v near_a the_o shore_n and_o big_a the_o pit-sand_n because_o it_o be_v sit_v and_o tough_a but_o apt_a to_o cleave_v be_v therefore_o use_v in_o wall_n and_o long_a vault_n the_o river-sand_n be_v very_o good_a for_o the_o cover_n or_o rough-casting_a of_o wall_n sea-sand_n because_o it_o be_v soon_o wet_a and_o soon_o dry_a and_o moulder_n away_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o salt_n therefore_o be_v unfit_a to_o bear_v weight_n all_o sand_n be_v best_a in_o its_o kind_n if_o be_v squeeze_v and_o handle_v it_o crackle_v and_o if_o be_v put_v upon_o a_o white_a cloth_n it_o neither_o stain_v nor_o leave_v it_o foul_a that_o be_v bad_a which_o mingle_v with_o water_n make_v it_o dirty_a and_o muddy_a and_o which_o have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n be_v in_o the_o air_n sun_n moon_n and_o frost_n because_o it_o will_v retain_v much_o earth_n and_o rot_a humour_n apt_a to_o bring_v forth_o shrub_n and_o wild_a figtree_n which_o be_v great_o hurtful_a to_o building_n chap._n v._o of_o lime_n and_o how_o to_o work_v it_o have_v whereof_o lime_n be_v make_v be_v either_o dig_v out_o of_o the_o hill_n or_o take_v out_o of_o the_o river_n all_o stone_n of_o the_o hill_n be_v good_a which_o be_v dry_a without_o any_o moisture_n and_o brittle_a have_v no_o material_a in_o it_o which_o when_o it_o pass_v the_o fire_n shall_v leave_v the_o stone_n less_o therefore_o that_o lime_n will_v be_v best_a which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o hard_a sound_n and_o white_a stone_n and_o be_v burn_v remain_v a_o three_o part_n light_a than_o its_o stone_n there_o be_v also_o certain_a sort_n of_o stone_n the_o lime_n whereof_o be_v very_o good_a for_o the_o set_n of_o wall_n in_o the_o hill_n of_o milan_n they_o dig_v a_o rugged_a stone_n who_o lime_n be_v very_o good_a in_o work_n which_o lie_v open_a and_o in_o the_o water_n because_o it_o present_o harden_v and_o endure_v very_o long_o all_o dig_v stone_n be_v better_a to_o make_v lime_n than_o the_o gather_v and_o from_o a_o shady_a and_o moist_a pit_n rather_o than_o a_o dry_a the_o white_a be_v better_a to_o work_v then_o the_o brown_a stone_n which_o be_v gather_v in_o rivers_n and_o brook_n that_o be_v to_o say_v pebble_n make_v excellent_a lime_n and_o very_o white_a and_o neat_a work_n therefore_o it_o be_v general_o use_v for_o finish_v of_o wall_n all_o stone_n as_o well_o of_o the_o hill_n as_o river_n be_v soon_o or_o late_a burn_v according_a to_o the_o fire_n which_o be_v give_v they_o but_o ordinary_o they_o be_v burn_v in_o sixty_o hour_n be_v burn_v wet_v they_o but_o not_o pour_v on_o the_o water_n all_o at_o once_o but_o at_o divers_a time_n and_o frequent_o that_o they_o may_v not_o burn_v till_o they_o be_v well_o temper_v afterward_o put_v they_o in_o a_o moist_a and_o shady_a place_n without_o any_o mixture_n only_o cover_v they_o light_o with_o sand_n and_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o thorough_o they_o be_v steep_v so_o much_o the_o more_o tough_a and_o better_o they_o will_v be_v except_o those_o which_o be_v make_v of_o rough_a stone_n as_o the_o paduan_n because_o they_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v wet_a must_v be_v wrought_v otherwise_o they_o waste_v and_o burn_v away_o whence_o they_o will_v not_o hold_v but_o become_v useless_a for_o to_o make_v the_o mortar_n you_o must_v so_o mix_v the_o sand_n that_o take_v of_o pit-sand_n you_o must_v put_v three_o part_n thereof_o with_o one_o of_o lime_n if_o river_n or_o sea-sand_n two_o part_n thereof_o with_o one_o of_o lime_n chap._n vi_o of_o metal_n the_o metal_n use_v in_o building_n be_v iron_n lead_v and_o copper_n iron_n serve_v to_o make_v nail_n hinge_n and_o chain_n to_o fasten_v the_o door_n to_o make_v door_n themselves_o grate_v and_o the_o like_a work_n it_o be_v not_o where_o find_v and_o dig_v pure_a but_o when_o dig_v be_v purge_v by_o the_o fire_n to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v be_v so_o melt_v that_o it_o may_v run_v and_o that_o before_o it_o be_v cool_a the_o foulness_n may_v be_v take_v away_o but_o after_o it_o be_v purge_v and_o cool_v it_o heat_v well_o and_o become_v soft_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v wrought_v and_o beat_v out_o with_o a_o hammer_n but_o it_o will_v not_o easy_o melt_v if_o it_o be_v not_o put_v again_o into_o a_o furnace_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n if_o be_v red_a hot_a it_o do_v not_o work_v nor_o yield_v to_o the_o hammer_n it_o waste_v and_o be_v spoil_v it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o the_o goodness_n of_o iron_n if_o in_o the_o mass_n you_o see_v the_o vein_n continue_v straight_o without_o interruption_n and_o if_o the_o end_n of_o the_o piece_n be_v clean_a and_o without_o soil_n because_o the_o say_a vein_n show_v if_o the_o iron_n be_v without_o knot_n and_o puff_n and_o you_o may_v understand_v the_o middle_n by_o the_o end_n be_v wrought_v into_o plate_n square_a or_o any_o other_o figure_n if_o the_o side_n be_v even_o you_o may_v conclude_v it_o be_v all_o alike_o good_a have_v equal_o endure_v the_o hammer_n with_o lead_v they_o cover_v stately_a palace_n church_n tower_n and_o other_o public_a building_n and_o gutter_n and_o pipe_n to_o convey_v water_n and_o therewith_o they_o fasten_v the_o hinge_n and_o ironwork_n in_o the_o jaume_n of_o door_n and_o window_n there_o be_v three_o sort_n thereof_o white_a black_a and_o of_o a_o colour_n between_o both_o and_o by_o some_o call_v ash-colour_n the_o black_a be_v so_o call_v not_o because_o it_o be_v real_o black_a but_o because_o be_v white_a with_o some_o blackness_n in_o it_o therefore_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o white_a the_o ancient_n with_o reason_n give_v it_o that_o name_n the_o white_a be_v more_o perfect_a and_o precious_a than_o the_o black_a the_o ash-colour_n be_v between_o both_o lead_n be_v dig_v either_o in_o great_a lump_n find_v by_o themselves_o or_o in_o small_a piece_n which_o shine_v with_o a_o certain_a blackness_n or_o else_o in_o very_o thin_a flake_n among_o the_o rock_n marble_n and_o stones_n all_o sort_n of_o lead_n will_v easy_o run_v because_o with_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n it_o melt_v before_o it_o be_v red_a hot_a but_o put_v it_o into_o a_o very_a hot_a furnace_n it_o lose_v its_o nature_n and_o strength_n for_o one_o part_n be_v change_v into_o litharge_n and_o the_o other_o into_o dross_n of_o these_o sort_n of_o lead_n the_o black_a be_v soft_a and_o therefore_o easy_o wrought_v with_o the_o hammer_n and_o dilate_v much_o and_o be_v very_o heavy_a the_o white_a be_v hard_a and_o light_a the_o ash-colour_n be_v much_o hard_a than_o the_o white_a and_o of_o middle_a weight_n between_o both_o with_o copper_n sometime_o they_o cover_v public_a building_n and_o the_o ancient_n make_v nail_n or_o bolt_n which_o fasten_v in_o the_o stone_n above_o and_o below_o keep_v the_o stone_n from_o fall_v out_o

of_o order_n and_o the_o clasp_n or_o hook_n place_v to_o hold_v two_o stone_n together_o and_o they_o use_v these_o nail_n and_o clasp_n because_o that_o building_n which_o can_v possible_o be_v make_v without_o many_o piece_n of_o stone_n may_v by_o be_v thus_o join_v and_o bind_v together_o as_o it_o be_v become_v one_o stone_n and_o so_o more_o strong_a and_o durable_a they_o also_o make_v nail_n and_o clasp_n of_o iron_n but_o more_o often_o of_o copper_n because_o they_o will_v last_v long_o not_o be_v so_o subject_a to_o rust_v also_o they_o make_v letter_n for_o inscription_n which_o they_o place_v on_o the_o border_n of_o building_n and_o we_o read_v that_o of_o this_o metal_n be_v the_o hundred_o famous_a gate_n of_o babylon_n and_o in_o the_o isle_n of_o cade_n the_o two_o pillar_n of_o hercules_n eight_o cubit_n high_a that_o be_v esteem_v the_o best_a which_o burn_v and_o extract_v from_o mineral_n by_o fire_n be_v red_a incline_v to_o yellow_a of_o a_o good_a grain_n and_o full_a of_o hole_n for_o that_o be_v a_o sign_n it_o be_v well_o purge_v and_o free_a from_o dross_n copper_n may_v be_v heat_v like_o iron_n and_o make_v liquid_a so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v cast_v but_o in_o extreme_a hot_a furnace_n it_o will_v not_o endure_v the_o force_n of_o the_o flame_n but_o total_o consume_v although_o it_o be_v hard_a nevertheless_o it_o submit_v to_o the_o hammer_n and_o dilate_v itself_o into_o thin_a leave_n it_o be_v best_o preserve_v by_o tar_n and_o although_o it_o do_v not_o rust_n like_o iron_n yet_o it_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o rust_n which_o be_v call_v verdegreece_n especial_o if_o it_o touch_v sharp_a and_o liquid_a thing_n of_o this_o metal_n mix_v with_o tin_n or_o lead_v or_o latin_n which_o be_v also_o copper_n and_o colour_v with_o lapis_n calaminaris_n be_v make_v a_o metal_n common_o call_v brass_n which_o oftentimes_o architect_n do_v use_v as_o in_o base_n pillar_n capitel_n statue_n and_o such_o like_a in_o rome_n be_v four_o column_n of_o brass_n at_o st._n giovanni_n lateranno_n of_o which_o one_o only_a have_v its_o capitel_a and_o be_v make_v by_o augustus_n of_o metal_n which_o be_v take_v from_o the_o stem_n of_o ship_n which_o he_o take_v in_o egypt_n from_o m._n antonio_n there_o remain_v also_o in_o rome_n to_o this_o day_n four_o ancient_a gate_n which_o be_v those_o of_o the_o rotunda_n which_o former_o be_v the_o pantheon_n that_o of_o st._n adriano_n which_o be_v the_o temple_n of_o saturnus_n that_o of_o st._n cosmo_n and_o damiano_n which_o be_v the_o temple_n of_o castor_n and_o pollux_n or_o rather_o of_o romulus_n and_o remus_n and_o that_o which_o be_v in_o st._n agnes_n without_o the_o gate_n viminalis_fw-la but_o the_o most_o beautiful_a of_o all_o these_o be_v that_o of_o st._n maria_n rotunda_n wherein_o those_o ancient_n do_v endeavour_v to_o imitate_v by_o art_n that_o kind_n of_o corinthian_a metal_n in_o which_o the_o natural_a yellow_a of_o gold_n prevail_v for_o we_o read_v that_o when_o corinth_n be_v destroy_v and_o burn_v which_o now_o be_v call_v coranto_n thus_o they_o melt_v and_o mix_v in_o one_o mass_n gold_n silver_n and_o copper_n and_o fortune_n temper_v and_o make_v the_o mixture_n of_o three_o sort_n which_o afterward_o be_v call_v corinthian_n in_o one_o of_o they_o the_o silver_n prevail_v whence_o it_o remain_v white_a and_o very_o near_o it_o in_o lustre_n in_o another_o the_o gold_n prevail_v and_o remain_v yellow_a and_o of_o a_o gold_n colour_n and_o the_o three_o be_v where_o all_o these_o three_o metal_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a temperament_n and_o these_o species_n have_v be_v since_o divers_a way_n imitate_v hitherto_o i_o have_v discourse_v of_o those_o thing_n seem_v most_o necessary_a to_o be_v consider_v and_o prepare_v before_o building_n it_o now_o remain_v that_o something_o be_v say_v of_o foundation_n the_o material_n whereof_o be_v prepare_v the_o work_n may_v be_v proceed_v on_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o quality_n of_o ground_n wherein_o foundation_n be_v to_o be_v lay_v the_o base_a of_o the_o building_n be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v the_o foundation_n which_o be_v to_o say_v the_o part_n which_o be_v under_o ground_n uphold_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o building_n that_o be_v above_o ground_n therefore_o of_o all_o the_o error_n which_o do_v happen_v in_o building_n those_o be_v the_o most_o pernicious_a which_o be_v commit_v in_o the_o foundation_n because_o they_o bring_v with_o they_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o whole_a fabric_n nor_o can_v without_o great_a difficulty_n be_v amend_v whence_o the_o architect_n ought_v to_o use_v their_o utmost_a diligence_n because_o in_o some_o place_n they_o have_v a_o natural_a foundation_n and_o in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o use_v art_n a_o natural_a foundation_n be_v when_o we_o build_v on_o stone_n a_o soft_a sandy_a or_o moldr_a stone_n or_o gravel_n for_o these_o without_o dig_v or_o other_o help_n of_o art_n be_v of_o themselves_o excellent_a foundation_n and_o most_o fit_a to_o uphold_v the_o great_a building_n both_o on_o land_n and_o in_o water_n but_o if_o nature_n afford_v not_o a_o foundation_n it_o must_v be_v attempt_v by_o art_n and_o then_o the_o place_n you_o have_v to_o build_v on_o be_v either_o a_o solid_a earth_n or_o a_o gravelly_a sandy_a mossy_a soft_a and_o moorish_a place_n if_o the_o earth_n be_v fast_o and_o firm_a you_o may_v dig_v so_o far_o as_o to_o a_o discreet_a architect_n may_v seem_v requisite_a for_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o building_n and_o soundness_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o when_o you_o intend_v not_o to_o make_v cellar_n or_o other_o underground_o office_n your_o depth_n be_v to_o be_v a_o six_o part_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o build_n to_o know_v this_o firmness_n observation_n from_o the_o dig_v of_o well_n cistern_n and_o such_o like_a will_v help_v well_o and_o it_o be_v also_o know_v by_o herb_n grow_v there_o if_o they_o usual_o spring_v up_o only_o in_o firm_a and_o fast_o ground_n and_o beside_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o firm_a ground_n if_o a_o great_a weight_n throw_v thereon_o it_o neither_o sound_v nor_o shake_v and_o from_o the_o report_n of_o drum_n be_v set_v on_o the_o ground_n and_o light_o touch_v it_o do_v not_o resound_v again_o and_o if_o water_n put_v in_o a_o vessel_n do_v not_o shake_v the_o neighbour_a place_n will_v also_o give_v you_o to_o understand_v the_o fastness_n and_o firmness_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o if_o the_o place_n be_v sandy_a or_o gravelly_a observe_v whether_o it_o be_v on_o land_n or_o in_o water_n for_o if_o it_o be_v on_o land_n you_o must_v take_v notice_n what_o have_v be_v before_o direct_v concern_v fast_o ground_n and_o if_o you_o build_v in_o a_o river_n the_o sand_n and_o gravel_n be_v altogether_o useless_a because_o the_o water_n with_o its_o continual_a stream_n and_o flood_n often_o change_v its_o bed_n therefore_o dig_v till_o you_o come_v to_o a_o bottom_n sound_n and_o firm_a or_o if_o that_o be_v difficult_a dig_v somewhat_o in_o the_o sand_n and_o gravel_n and_o then_o place_n pile_n who_o end_n may_v reach_v to_o the_o sound_n and_o good_a earth_n and_o upon_o those_o you_o be_v to_o build_v but_o if_o you_o be_v to_o build_v upon_o a_o mossy_a and_o loose_a ground_n than_o you_o must_v dig_v till_o you_o find_v sound_a earth_n and_o therein_o also_o so_o much_o as_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o building_n require_v this_o sound_a ground_n and_o fit_a to_o uphold_v building_n be_v of_o divers_a sort_n for_o as_o alberti_n well_o say_v somewhere_o so_o hard_o as_o it_o be_v scarce_a to_o be_v cut_v with_o iron_n somewhere_o very_o stiff_o somewhere_o blackish_a somewhere_o whitish_a which_o be_v account_v the_o weak_a somewhere_o like_o chalk_n somewhere_o sandy_a of_o all_o these_o the_o best_a be_v that_o which_o be_v cut_v with_o most_o labour_n and_o when_o wet_a do_v not_o dissolve_v into_o dirt_n you_o shall_v not_o build_v upon_o a_o ruin_n or_o old_a foundation_n if_o first_o of_o all_o you_o know_v not_o its_o depth_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o bear_v the_o build_n but_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v soft_a and_o sink_v much_o as_o in_o moorish_a ground_n than_o you_o must_v place_v pile_n who_o length_n must_v be_v a_o eight_o part_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o in_o thickness_n a_o twelve_o part_n of_o their_o length_n the_o pile_n must_v be_v place_v as_o close_o as_o one_o can_v stand_v by_o the_o other_o and_o be_v to_o be_v ram_v in_o with_o blow_n rather_o quick_a then_o heavy_a so_o that_o the_o earth_n may_v the_o better_a consolidate_n and_o fasten_v you_o must_v place_v the_o pile_n not_o only_o under_o the_o out-wall_n upon_o the_o trench_n or_o guttur_n