to_o provide_v and_o how_o you_o may_v be_v furnish_v to_o serve_v your_o occasion_n the_o ground_n be_v in_o good_a season_n and_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n answer_v thereunto_o you_o may_v proceed_v thus_o the_o chief_a instrument_n which_o be_v useful_a for_o this_o work_n of_o plant_v be_v the_o blow_n and_o spade_n the_o blow_n will_v dispatch_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o ground_n in_o a_o day_n but_o the_o other_o will_v make_v the_o best_a work_n we_o shall_v compute_v the_o charge_n of_o both_o in_o his_o due_a place_n there_o be_v no_o certain_a rule_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o plow_a ground_n in_o all_o place_n alike_o for_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o climate_n of_o country_n where_o much_o heat_n or_o cold_a moisture_n or_o drought_n as_o be_v the_o earth_n or_o air_n so_o must_v the_o arborist_n alter_v his_o season_n strong_a or_o stiff_a ground_n will_v require_v great_a strength_n of_o cattle_n also_o the_o season_n must_v be_v early_o in_o the_o year_n in_o other_o country_n where_o the_o earth_n be_v warm_a rich_a and_o light_a the_o blow_n need_v not_o be_v of_o that_o strength_n which_o the_o former_a ground_n do_v require_v neither_o will_v the_o labour_n of_o man_n or_o beast_n be_v so_o much_o and_o in_o such_o country_n the_o season_n may_v be_v latter_a yet_o nevertheless_o for_o all_o these_o observation_n he_o that_o have_v much_o work_n to_o do_v must_v begin_v betimes_o especial_o if_o he_o have_v not_o a_o sufficient_a strength_n of_o man_n and_o cattle_n now_o the_o ploughman_n ought_v to_o be_v very_o careful_a in_o the_o plow_a of_o his_o ground_n how_o he_o shall_v lay_v his_o furrow_n either_o high_a round_a and_o close_o together_o or_o low_a and_o flat_a also_o what_o depth_n he_o shall_v plough_v they_o to_o raise_v and_o gain_v the_o great_a store_n of_o mould_n for_o that_o be_v very_o considerable_a in_o plant_v tree_n i_o shall_v not_o give_v particular_a direction_n or_o instruction_n in_o the_o rule_n of_o husbandry_n as_o concern_v the_o manner_n of_o plough_v sow_v and_o harrow_n all_o kind_n of_o earth_n and_o seed_n and_o the_o several_a way_n of_o lay_v the_o furrow_n as_o deep_a or_o shallow_a near_o together_o or_o more_o open_a and_o the_o reason_n of_o each_o several_a way_n as_o also_o the_o mean_n of_o improve_n barren_a ground_n by_o divers_a manure_n or_o help_n by_o fresh_a earth_n as_o sand_n on_o clay_n and_o clay_n on_o sand_n with_o many_o other_o mixture_n of_o earth_n also_o marel_v lime_a stable-dung_n mud_n out_o of_o pond_n and_o ditch_n old_a rag_n and_o many_o more_o sort_n as_o also_o by_o grub_v hack_v burn_v of_o bate_n or_o devonshire_v and_o the_o like_a improve_n of_o meadow_n and_o pasture_n by_o drain_n and_o water_v propagate_a plant_n for_o orchard_n and_o garden_n with_o the_o several_a way_n of_o graft_v and_o set_v slip_n and_o succour_n etc._n etc._n also_o sow_v set_v or_o plant_v seed_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o increase_v their_o production_n by_o several_a way_n of_o steep_v or_o soak_v in_o brine_n or_o other_o liquor_n also_o reap_v mow_v hedge_v delve_v house_n and_o stack_v corn_n and_o hay_n the_o season_n for_o gather_v and_o preserve_v or_o keep_v all_o sort_n of_o grain_n fruit_n and_o seed_n with_o many_o more_o particular_n for_o it_o be_v not_o my_o intent_n to_o speak_v any_o father_n of_o husbandry_n than_o will_v serve_v for_o this_o our_o present_a occasion_n of_o plant_v the_o best_a time_n to_o begin_v plough_v for_o the_o plant_n timber-tree_n will_v be_v about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o february_n or_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n if_o the_o land_n require_v twice_o plough_v which_o all_o hey_n or_o pasture-ground_n do_v for_o the_o swarth_a must_v be_v first_o break_v and_o tear_v to_o piece_n with_o the_o harrow_n or_o else_o cut_v with_o instrument_n for_o that_o purpose_n call_v hack_n make_v of_o iron_n therefore_o there_o must_v be_v a_o second_o plough_v which_o will_v by_o raise_v up_o new_a earth_n increase_n and_o make_v good_a store_n of_o mould_n again_o and_o by_o this_o twice_o plough_v the_o weed_n and_o grass_n will_v be_v wither_v and_o destroy_v which_o be_v great_a enemy_n to_o young_a plant_n as_o we_o have_v former_o declare_v now_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o plough_v suppose_v the_o land_n to_o be_v very_o good_a earth_n for_o the_o purpose_n intend_v and_o free_a from_o all_o water_n lie_v on_o the_o ground_n &_o other_o encumbrance_n with_o a_o strong_a blow_n the_o share_n be_v of_o a_o good_a sufficient_a length_n and_o the_o coulter_n somewhat_o bend_v throw_v down_o your_o furrow_n but_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v subject_a to_o water_n either_o by_o spring_n or_o flood_n in_o much_o rain_n than_o you_o shall_v lay_v the_o furrow_n more_o high_a near_o and_o close_o together_o and_o that_o every_o one_o of_o these_o land_n lie_v high_a in_o the_o midst_n observe_v to_o turn_v the_o swarth_a inward_o or_o downward_o unto_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o root_n of_o the_o grass_n and_o weed_n may_v be_v scorch_v and_o dry_v by_o the_o sun_n and_o wind_n and_o so_o wither_a and_o destroy_v but_o if_o you_o will_v be_v at_o the_o charge_n which_o be_v the_o best_a husbandry_n then_o with_o the_o hacker_n former_o mention_v you_o shall_v hew_v and_o cut_v to_o piece_n all_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v plough_v up_o also_o all_o balk_n that_o the_o blow_n have_v escape_v for_o by_o this_o work_n the_o weed_n and_o grass_n will_v soon_o wither_v and_o decay_v and_o make_v the_o mould_n fine_a after_o the_o hack_n you_o shall_v take_v a_o pair_n or_o two_o of_o strong_a iron_n harrow_n and_o with_o they_o go_v over_o the_o ground_n break_v the_o clod_n small_a in_o the_o month_n of_o august_n you_o shall_v begin_v to_o blow_n over_o that_o ground_n again_o which_o former_o you_o have_v plough_v still_o observe_v what_o quantity_n of_o land_n you_o have_v to_o plough_v and_o your_o own_o strength_n of_o man_n and_o cattle_n and_o according_o you_o may_v begin_v soon_o or_o late_a at_o this_o second_o plough_v let_v the_o furrow_n be_v make_v deep_a and_o great_a than_o at_o the_o first_o now_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v a_o stiff_a clay_n or_o such_o like_a than_o it_o will_v require_v to_o be_v hack_v again_o which_o will_v thorough_o break_v the_o clod_n and_o increase_v the_o mould_n and_o by_o make_v the_o furrow_n great_a and_o deep_a raise_v up_o more_o earth_n which_o have_v be_v untouched_a before_o this_o work_n be_v finish_v you_o may_v then_o sow_v and_o plant_v your_o seed_n but_o before_o you_o begin_v it_o must_v be_v consider_v what_o part_n of_o the_o land_n be_v most_o moist_a and_o dry_a also_o in_o what_o part_n be_v the_o best_a and_o deep_a mould_n and_o where_o it_o be_v most_o shallow_a and_o mean_a for_o you_o must_v order_n and_o dispose_v of_o your_o seed_n according_a to_o their_o several_a quality_n the_o elm_n will_v require_v the_o best_a and_o deep_a mould_n but_o bear_v no_o seedâ—_n therefore_o must_v be_v plant_v by_o plant_n or_o set_v the_o oak_n will_v require_v a_o moist_a deep_a earth_n but_o will_v not_o thrive_v if_o the_o water_n lie_v long_o on_o the_o ground_n the_o ash_n will_v require_v a_o more_o dry_a kind_n of_o earth_n and_o will_v grow_v in_o a_o shallow_a mould_n the_o beech_n will_v grow_v and_o thrive_v in_o a_o dryer_n shallow_a and_o mean_a earth_n than_o the_o ash_n and_o so_o have_v consider_v of_o these_o particular_n and_o find_v your_o ground_n to_o have_v these_o several_a sort_n of_o earth_n you_o must_v plant_v sow_n or_o set_v your_o seed_n and_o plant_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o they_o will_v best_o like_v or_o thrive_v but_o if_o thâ—re_o be_v no_o difference_n in_o the_o mould_n or_o earth_n than_o you_o may_v mix_v your_o seed_n and_o sow_v it_o together_o but_o if_o you_o set_v the_o seed_n than_o there_o may_v be_v a_o row_n of_o oak_n and_o a_o row_n of_o ash_n and_o another_o of_o beech_n or_o mix_v all_o of_o they_o in_o one_o row_n as_o best_o please_v you_o and_o thus_o may_v all_o other_o seed_n or_o set_v be_v sow_v or_o plant_v the_o fit_a time_n or_o season_n of_o the_o year_n for_o sow_v or_o plant_v this_o seed_n for_o tree_n be_v when_o it_o be_v full_a ripe_a and_o fall_v from_o the_o tree_n which_o be_v about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o october_n but_o it_o may_v be_v sow_v or_o set_v in_o other_o month_n if_o well_o preserve_v in_o sow_v of_o your_o seed_n be_v careful_a you_o do_v not_o sow_v too_o thick_a for_o the_o thin_a they_o be_v sow_v the_o better_a they_o will_v thrive_v one_o foot_n distance_n be_v the_o near_a they_o shall_v be_v sow_v or_o set_v if_o the_o plant_n
away_o without_o cut_v the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n or_o plant_n which_o will_v both_o hurt_v the_o tree_n and_o do_v little_a or_o no_o good_a unto_o the_o plant_n such_o as_o be_v grow_v out_o of_o the_o tawes_n may_v be_v take_v away_o and_o enlarge_v as_o you_o please_v with_o the_o tawes_n and_o not_o hurt_v the_o tree_n these_o sucker_n be_v the_o best_a and_o will_v soon_o become_v great_a tree_n slip_v be_v in_o use_n for_o want_v of_o other_o set_v but_o be_v the_o worst_a of_o all_o that_o have_v be_v mention_v because_o they_o have_v but_o little_a root_n and_o that_o which_o be_v receive_v a_o main_a wound_n will_v in_o short_a time_n destroy_v the_o tree_n for_o although_o it_o may_v grow_v 60_o or_o 80_o year_n yet_o it_o can_v well_o thrive_v for_o the_o root_n will_v be_v so_o weak_a that_o the_o sap_n will_v be_v unable_a to_o put_v forth_o new_a of_o any_o strength_n unless_o in_o a_o long_a time_n and_o every_o wind_n will_v endanger_v it_o by_o loosen_v the_o root_n or_o else_o it_o will_v be_v soon_o nip_v with_o frost_n or_o drought_n these_o slip_v be_v also_o sucker_n grow_v out_o of_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o tree_n to_o apply_v all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v of_o plant_n and_o set_v there_o be_v not_o one_o point_n more_o to_o be_v regard_v then_o the_o choice_n of_o those_o that_o be_v good_a the_o ground_n be_v well_o plough_v hack_v and_o harrow_v according_a to_o former_a direction_n the_o best_a time_n to_o transplant_v or_o remove_v young_a tree_n be_v at_o or_o sudden_o after_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o leaf_n about_o the_o change_n of_o the_o moon_n suppose_v at_o that_o time_n the_o sap_n to_o be_v most_o quiet_a the_o fall_n of_o the_o leaf_n be_v a_o rule_n in_o all_o country_n though_o there_o be_v difference_n in_o its_o happen_v as_o to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n as_o also_o in_o the_o time_n that_o be_v to_o be_v account_v before_o and_o after_o it_o in_o set_v your_o set_n or_o plant_n see_v that_o you_o have_v a_o special_a care_n not_o to_o go_v low_a than_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n you_o may_v not_o fear_v to_o set_v they_o as_o deep_a as_o that_o will_v well_o allow_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v former_o declare_v where_o the_o crust_n be_v shallow_a there_o it_o must_v be_v help_v by_o add_v good_a earth_n otherwise_o such_o ground_n or_o that_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n enclose_v will_v not_o be_v fit_a to_o plant_v in_o for_o in_o the_o crust_n or_o good_a earth_n the_o plant_n first_o shoot_v forth_o their_o root_n and_o thence_o draw_v their_o sap_n which_o do_v increase_v and_o strengthen_v they_o to_o enter_v and_o pierce_v far_o into_o the_o earth_n again_o in_o set_v let_v the_o mould_n be_v small_a and_o moist_a also_o shake_v the_o plant_n easy_o too_o and_o fro_o that_o the_o earth_n may_v run_v among_o the_o root_n and_o tawes_n then_o put_v it_o close_o a_o little_a tread_v it_o with_o your_o foot_n to_o keep_v out_o the_o air_n which_o be_v very_o hurtful_a after_o the_o plant_n be_v set_v if_o no_o rain_n fall_v they_o shall_v be_v water_v now_o and_o then_o which_o will_v make_v the_o earth_n yield_v sap_n and_o nourishment_n and_o cause_v the_o root_n to_o grow_v and_o spread_v abundant_o puddle-water_n will_v perform_v the_o work_n excellent_o be_v it_o not_o chargeable_a all_o parch_a and_o dry_a ground_n that_o will_v not_o keep_v moisture_n be_v very_o hurtful_a for_o young_a plant_n because_o every_o plant_n have_v a_o body_n pithy_a and_o porous_a that_o the_o nourish_a faculty_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v enter_v and_o pass_v through_o and_o feed_v all_o the_o part_n but_o dry_a earth_n can_v pass_v through_o the_o tawes_n and_o pore_n of_o a_o plant_n therefore_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o earth_n only_o nourish_v there_o be_v several_a opinion_n about_o remove_v tree_n and_o plant_n most_o of_o they_o argue_v from_o the_o rise_n descend_v and_o pride_n of_o sap_n some_o at_o the_o remove_n will_v mark_v the_o north-side_n and_o have_v the_o same_o set_v so_o again_o other_o there_o be_v that_o yet_o do_v it_o as_o happy_o observe_v no_o such_o rule_n at_o all_o there_o be_v some_o that_o be_v of_o opinion_n it_o be_v best_a to_o remove_v tree_n and_o plant_n before_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o leaf_n and_o say_v that_o the_o sap_n descend_v will_v make_v speedy_a root_n again_o there_o be_v other_o that_o say_v it_o be_v good_a to_o remove_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o summer_n and_o a_o last_o sort_n that_o strong_o affirm_v it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o remove_v till_o after_o the_o fall_n several_a country_n have_v several_a custom_n and_o fashion_n answerable_a to_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o live_v we_o shall_v therefore_o leave_v every_o one_o to_o their_o own_o opinion_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o wisdom_n for_o a_o man_n to_o bind_v himself_o more_o strict_o to_o that_o or_o this_o custom_n than_o reason_n shall_v be_v his_o warrant_n now_o we_o have_v good_a experience_n that_o it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o remove_v when_o the_o sap_n be_v not_o quiet_a by_o tree_n that_o be_v remove_v in_o the_o summer_n for_o they_o seldom_o live_v long_o or_o if_o they_o do_v live_v they_o thrive_v not_o for_o the_o life_n of_o the_o young_a plant_n shall_v scarce_o be_v save_v if_o remove_v in_o the_o pride_n of_o sap_n for_o every_o remove_n give_v a_o main_a check_n to_o the_o stir_a sap_n stay_v the_o course_n thereof_o in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o plant_n for_o as_o the_o blood_n in_o a_o man_n be_v always_o in_o motion_n and_o circulate_v although_o there_o be_v several_a kind_n of_o that_o motion_n as_o sometime_o very_o slow_a cool_a and_o quiet_a other_o time_n much_o stir_v and_o very_o hot_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o swiftness_n now_o if_o the_o blood_n which_o be_v the_o life_n alter_v the_o usual_a course_n disease_n follow_v and_o if_o it_o be_v stop_v it_o soon_o grow_v cold_a and_o if_o universal_o cold_a death_n follow_v so_o likewise_o sap_n be_v the_o blood_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o every_o remove_n in_o the_o pride_n of_o sap_n be_v a_o great_a stay_n or_o stoppage_n unto_o it_o like_o blood-letting_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n which_o be_v very_o dangerous_a and_o never_o use_v but_o in_o extremity_n and_o oftentime_o prove_v mortal_a as_o it_o have_v be_v say_v that_o drought_n and_o cold_a be_v great_a enemy_n to_o tree_n and_o plant_n by_o stay_v of_o the_o sap_n therefore_o in_o those_o country_n that_o lie_v far_a from_o the_o sun_n and_o that_o be_v subject_a to_o cold_a wind_n the_o sap_n do_v not_o rise_v nor_o be_v in_o pride_n so_o soon_o as_o in_o other_o country_n that_o lie_v more_o warm_a and_o moist_a also_o in_o those_o country_n that_o lie_v near_a to_o the_o sun_n the_o sap_n do_v rise_v and_o be_v in_o pride_n soon_o than_o in_o any_o of_o the_o former_a but_o do_v not_o continue_v long_o because_o of_o the_o excessive_a heat_n by_o this_o you_o see_v that_o one_o country_n climate_n or_o continent_n be_v not_o a_o rule_n for_o other_o to_o go_v by_o and_o as_o heat_n cold_a moist_a and_o dry_a altar_n in_o several_a country_n so_o they_o do_v likewise_o in_o any_o one_o of_o they_o for_o as_o be_v the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n either_o hot_a cold_a dry_a or_o moist_a so_o also_o the_o sap_n rise_v and_o be_v in_o pride_n early_o or_o late_a by_o that_o occasion_n in_o the_o same_o country_n there_o be_v many_o man_n of_o opinion_n that_o the_o sap_n lie_v still_o all_o the_o winter_n in_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n and_o that_o towards_o the_o spring_n it_o begin_v to_o stir_v and_o after_o make_v its_o appearance_n by_o leave_n and_o fruit_n or_o seed_v all_o the_o summer_n also_o that_o the_o sap_n rise_v and_o pass_v upward_o only_a between_o the_o bark_n and_o wood_n with_o several_a more_o opinion_n but_o because_o it_o be_v not_o my_o design_n to_o resolve_v question_n i_o forbear_v to_o mention_v any_o more_o at_o this_o time_n the_o sap_n as_o it_o be_v the_o blood_n and_o life_n of_o the_o tree_n have_v the_o spirit_n of_o seed_n include_v therein_o and_o because_o every_o body_n be_v compose_v of_o vapour_n be_v move_v towards_o a_o great_a company_n of_o its_o conaturals_n that_o vapour_n come_v forth_o when_o the_o seed_n be_v warm_v tend_v upward_o but_o because_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o seed_n be_v fat_a and_o glutinous_a the_o vapour_n be_v enfold_v therein_o carry_v it_o upward_o with_o it_o and_o a_o part_n thereof_o be_v turn_v into_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o plant_n or_o tree_n as_o cover_v of_o wound_n put_v forth_o of_o bud_n and_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o tree_n the_o
by_o cattle_n feed_v thereon_o the_o rich_a the_o land_n be_v the_o more_o cattle_n it_o will_v keep_v and_o the_o great_a number_n of_o cattle_n the_o great_a quantity_n of_o soil_n or_o dung_n come_v from_o they_o also_o the_o often_o or_o much_o feed_n and_o tread_v on_o the_o land_n will_v both_o sweeten_v the_o grass_n and_o destroy_v the_o moss_n which_o poor_a ground_n be_v subject_a to_o and_o all_o manner_n of_o weed_n for_o in_o green_a path_n that_o be_v often_o tread_v nor_o weed_n nor_o moss_n grow_v and_o cattle_n will_v feed_v on_o such_o path_n or_o place_n rather_o than_o on_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o field_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o better_a husbandry_n to_o kill_v weed_n and_o moss_n than_o to_o enrich_v the_o land_n and_o keep_v the_o grass_n short_a or_o low_o by_o cattle_n constant_o feed_v thereon_o three_o that_o the_o woodland_n be_v plant_v with_o the_o seed_n or_o plant_n of_o the_o ash-tree_n chesnut_n hasle-nut_n alder_a or_o withey_n because_o they_o be_v the_o quick_a grow_a plant_n and_o will_v produce_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o wood_n good_a for_o fire_v and_o other_o necessary_a use_n as_o hoop_n hop-pole_n etc._n etc._n but_o where_o the_o land_n be_v wet_a or_o moorish_a and_o can_v be_v drayn_v or_o lay_v dry_a in_o those_o place_n alder_a and_o withey_n be_v the_o best_a thrive_a plant_n or_o wood_n and_o in_o the_o wette_v part_n of_o all_o osier_n or_o alder_n those_o land_n that_o be_v plant_v for_o timber-tree_n as_o oak_n ash_n beech_n elm_n may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o by_o feed_v cattle_n so_o that_o they_o be_v keep_v from_o crop_v and_o rub_v against_o the_o tree_n while_o they_o be_v young_a but_o if_o the_o land_n be_v delve_v or_o plough_v and_o sow_v with_o corn_n than_o it_o must_v be_v well_o soil_v with_o good_a dung_n for_o else_o the_o blow_n will_v impoverish_v the_o ground_n and_o starve_v the_o tree_n now_o for_o the_o carry_v on_o so_o good_a and_o necessary_a a_o work_n if_o the_o rich_a will_v lend_v their_o purse_n and_o the_o poor_a their_o utmost_a labour_n and_o industry_n god_n will_v second_v all_o with_o such_o a_o increase_n that_o the_o money_n may_v be_v return_v again_o with_o interest_n and_o the_o poor_a plentiful_o provide_v for_o and_o as_o it_o be_v my_o great_a request_n to_o god_n that_o there_o may_v not_o be_v one_o family_n in_o england_n want_v bread_n so_o if_o it_o lay_v in_o my_o power_n every_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o england_n shall_v be_v improve_v that_o be_v capable_a of_o improvement_n for_o one_o foot_n square_a of_o good_a land_n may_v produce_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o pint_n of_o wheat_n which_o come_v to_o by_o the_o acre_n there_o be_v 43560_o square_a foot_n 170_o bushel_n 5_o quart_n yet_o he_o that_o be_v ingenious_a will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o liquor_n prepare_v wherein_o to_o steep_v or_o soak_v corn_n that_o it_o be_v after_o set_v or_o sow_v may_v bring_v forth_o or_o produce_v above_o 100_o for_o one_o so_o likewise_o earth_n may_v be_v enrich_v to_o produce_v the_o like_a increase_n yea_o wonderful_a crop_n beyond_o ordinary_a sense_n and_o reason_n therefore_o all_o hide_a benefit_n must_v be_v seek_v for_o ignorance_n and_o idleness_n be_v always_o enemy_n to_o thirst_n and_o those_o that_o be_v studious_a in_o natural_a cause_n know_v that_o by_o the_o exhalation_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o moistness_n richness_n and_o fatness_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o soil_n be_v draw_v forth_o therefore_o the_o careful_a husbandman_n will_v not_o spread_v his_o dung_n in_o the_o heat_n or_o middle_n of_o the_o summer_n except_o he_o cover_v it_o with_o earth_n by_o delve_v or_o plough_v now_o this_o richness_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o soil_n be_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n draw_v forth_o and_o rarify_v into_o air_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n the_o same_o be_v condense_v into_o water_n and_o become_v cloud_n which_o say_v water_n so_o condense_v be_v pour_v down_o again_o either_o into_o the_o sea_n to_o refresh_v and_o feed_v the_o creature_n therein_o or_o on_o certain_a land_n and_o all_o this_o do_v by_o the_o wise_a disposer_n who_o in_o exchange_n rain_v down_o cold_a thin_a and_o barren_a water_n as_o a_o token_n of_o his_o displeasure_n or_o else_o withhold_v the_o rain_n for_o earth_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o thicken_v and_o harden_a water_n water_n thicken_v air_n air_n subtilise_v water_n water_n liquify_v earth_n but_o now_o because_o these_o waste_a land_n overgrow_v with_o ling_n heath_n fur_n bush_n shrub_n and_o such_o like_a be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n poor_a clay_n or_o sand_n in_o some_o place_n mix_v with_o gravel_n therefore_o to_o all_o those_o who_o be_v resolve_v to_o be_v industrious_a and_o who_o it_o have_v please_v god_n to_o place_n upon_o such_o barren_a earth_n my_o advice_n be_v that_o after_o the_o land_n be_v cleanse_v according_a to_o former_a direction_n and_o also_o well_o plough_v and_o hack_v if_o it_o be_v a_o simple_a clay_n or_o mix_v with_o other_o earth_n and_o the_o clay_n most_o predominant_a and_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o too_o far_o that_o they_o thence_o fetch_v good_a store_n of_o the_o salt_n sand_n and_o with_o it_o cover_v their_o ground_n allow_v at_o least_o 200_o bushel_n for_o each_o or_o every_o acre_n after_o the_o land_n be_v thus_o sand_v then_o bestow_v about_o 70_o bushel_n of_o lime_n or_o else_o 100_o cartload_n of_o the_o best_a and_o fat_a marl_n on_o every_o acre_n so_o sand_v and_o put_v thereto_o 50_o or_o 60_o cartload_n of_o good_a dung_n likewise_o to_o every_o acre_n then_o have_v well_o spread_v and_o mix_v these_o several_a manure_n that_o they_o plough_n over_o the_o land_n again_o and_o after_o it_o be_v well_o hack_v with_o a_o pair_n of_o strong_a iron_n harrow_n go_v over_o the_o ground_n tear_v that_o which_o be_v plough_v and_o hack_v into_o small_a piece_n which_o will_v not_o only_o mix_v the_o several_a manure_n with_o the_o clay_n but_o also_o raise_v and_o increase_v good_a store_n of_o mould_n if_o the_o land_n lie_v so_o far_o remote_a from_o the_o sea_n that_o to_o fetch_v this_o salt_n sand_n will_v not_o equal_v the_o cost_n in_o such_o case_n they_o may_v lay_v other_o earth_n or_o the_o best_a and_o rich_a fresh_a sand_n only_o add_v a_o great_a quantity_n for_o of_o this_o sand_n every_o acre_n of_o land_n will_v require_v at_o least_o 100_o cartload_n and_o likewise_o they_o must_v add_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o lime_n and_o dung_n also_o 100_o cartload_n of_o marle_n or_o chalk_n now_o the_o wheat_n seedtime_n be_v at_o hand_n they_o must_v plough_v up_o their_o ground_n again_o and_o prepare_v the_o seed_n as_o follow_v make_v a_o strong_a brine_n of_o bay-salt_n and_o water_n put_v your_o wheat_n therein_o the_o quantity_n you_o intend_v to_o sow_v the_o next_o day_n let_v it_o so_o lie_v ten_o or_o twelve_o hour_n then_o drain_v the_o brine_n from_o it_o and_o have_v a_o tub_n or_o chest_n or_o such_o like_a put_v the_o say_a wheat_n therein_o with_o good_a store_n of_o the_o best_a lime_n stir_v and_o mix_v they_o well_o together_o and_o then_o sow_v the_o wheat_n thus_o lime_v now_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o land_n be_v sow_v forthwith_o cover_v the_o seed_n very_o close_o by_o well_a harrow_n it_o and_o no_o doubt_n with_o the_o blessing_n of_o god_n you_o will_v have_v a_o plentiful_a increase_n so_o that_o one_o year_n crop_n of_o wheat_n will_v pay_v all_o charge_n with_o interest_n but_o if_o the_o land_n you_o will_v improve_v be_v a_o barren_a sand_n then_o be_v cleanse_v plough_v and_o hack_v as_o be_v the_o clay_n you_o shall_v lay_v or_o bestow_v 200_o cartload_n of_o the_o best_a slimy_a or_o fat_a marl_n or_o mame_n on_o each_o or_o every_o acre_n of_o land_n and_o if_o you_o be_v near_o the_o sea_n then_o lay_v 50_o or_o 60_o bushel_n of_o salt_n sand_n on_o each_o acre_n for_o fresh_a sand_n avail_v little_a on_o this_o kind_n of_o land_n but_o if_o you_o can_v come_v by_o salt_n sand_n then_o on_o every_o acre_n of_o land_n you_o may_v lay_v 60_o or_o 70_o bushel_n of_o lime_n also_o 100_o cartload_n of_o good_a chalk_n all_o this_o be_v perform_v add_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o dung_n you_o need_v not_o fear_v lay_v too_o much_o at_o the_o first_o dress_n on_o poor_a land_n but_o if_o you_o can_v get_v any_o perfect_a and_o rich_a marle_n or_o mame_n then_o may_v you_o lay_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o rich_a clay_n or_o instead_o of_o clay_n a_o rich_a lome_n or_o which_o be_v better_o the_o earth_n call_v fuller_n earth_n then_o plough_n sow_n and_o harrow_n in_o the_o seed_n as_o you_o have_v be_v direct_v that_o
may_v be_v know_v as_o well_o by_o their_o several_a character_n as_o by_o the_o clime_n or_o situation_n of_o the_o continent_n some_o ground_n natural_o produce_v weed_n as_o mallow_n nettle_n dock_n hemlock_n or_o such_o like_a which_o general_o grow_v in_o every_o good_a and_o fruitful_a ground_n there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o ground_n that_o have_v a_o different_a face_n or_o character_n such_o as_o bear_v daisy_n clover_n charnock_n mustardseed_n rush_n etc._n etc._n this_o also_o may_v be_v a_o very_a good_a ground_n to_o plant_v in_o but_o this_o be_v ever_o to_o be_v observe_v where_o weed_n or_o grass_n do_v natural_o grow_v strong_a and_o big_a that_o earth_n be_v undoubted_o most_o rich_a and_o fruitful_a but_o although_o both_o these_o ground_n may_v be_v good_a for_o corn_n or_o grass_n yet_o the_o planter_n may_v be_v deceive_v by_o these_o outward_a face_n and_o character_n if_o he_o search_v not_o deep_o into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o many_o a_o tree_n of_o great_a bulk_n and_o worth_n be_v and_o have_v be_v see_v to_o grow_v in_o a_o barren_a earth_n for_o corn_n or_o grass_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a there_o be_v and_o have_v be_v see_v many_o small_a tree_n of_o little_a worth_n grow_v in_o strong_a ground_n as_o to_o the_o outward_a appearance_n and_o those_o small_a tree_n of_o the_o age_n or_o old_a than_o the_o other_o of_o great_a bulk_n for_o that_o ground_n may_v be_v good_a for_o corn_n and_o grass_n or_o the_o plant_n of_o small_a fruit-tree_n which_o have_v but_o six_o or_o seven_o inch_n of_o good_a earth_n or_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o six_o or_o seven_o inch_n deep_a another_o character_n of_o barren_a earth_n be_v when_o you_o see_v instead_o of_o grass_n which_o will_v be_v green_a rank_n and_o thick_a a_o pale_a thin_a small_a grass_n something_o bluish_a also_o much_o moss_n or_o when_o the_o ground_n be_v cover_v with_o heath_n fur_n whin_n gors_n and_o such_o like_a these_o be_v apparent_a sign_n of_o great_a barrenness_n especial_o if_o weed_n or_o rubbish_n be_v small_a for_o as_o before_o be_v mention_v what_o ever_o it_o be_v that_o number_n the_o ground_n the_o great_a and_o rank_a it_o be_v it_o argue_v the_o rich_a ground_n three_o there_o be_v other_o barren_a ground_n which_o may_v be_v so_o adjudge_v by_o the_o scite_fw-la or_o climb_v wherein_o they_o lie_v as_o when_o the_o ground_n be_v far_o remote_a from_o the_o sun_n or_o very_a near_o the_o border_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o storm_n and_o ill_a vapour_n arise_v from_o thence_o poison_n and_o starve_v the_o earth_n and_o be_v destructive_a to_o plant_n and_o tree_n also_o when_o the_o ground_n lie_v mountainous_a and_o high_a and_o very_o stony_a and_o rocky_a these_o be_v sign_n of_o barrenness_n yet_o the_o stony_a and_o rocky_a ground_n may_v have_v good_a earth_n underneath_o so_o that_o the_o rock_n be_v not_o a_o entire_a stone_n but_o have_v cleft_n and_o passage_n unto_o the_o earth_n to_o plant_v the_o seed_n or_o plant_n and_o be_v once_o plant_v and_o thrive_a will_v in_o time_n open_a a_o widen_v passage_n and_o produce_v a_o timber-tree_n of_o as_o great_a a_o bulk_n and_o worth_a as_o other_o ground_n void_a of_o stone_n and_o this_o experience_n tell_v we_o also_o that_o tree_n of_o small_a strength_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o oak_n be_v plant_v near_o a_o stone_n wall_n the_o root_n have_v so_o swell_v or_o increase_v make_v their_o own_o way_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o hard_a rock_n some_o depth_n under_o ground_n which_o the_o root_n can_v not_o enter_v that_o they_o have_v lift_v up_o the_o say_a wall_n &_o in_o few_o year_n throw_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n four_o there_o be_v another_o character_n or_o figne_n of_o barrenness_n which_o be_v to_o be_v adjudge_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o ground_n for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v to_o they_o that_o be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o world_n that_o a_o body_n be_v compose_v of_o all_o the_o element_n earth_n air_n fire_n water_n and_o although_o all_o these_o element_n be_v simple_a body_n of_o themselves_o yet_o in_o all_o body_n else_o be_v all_o the_o element_n for_o that_o water_n do_v evaporate_v into_o air_n and_o that_o water_n be_v make_v again_o of_o vapour_n the_o rain_n teach_v we_o and_o that_o earth_n and_o water_n also_o be_v rarify_v may_v be_v prove_v by_o many_o example_n and_o that_o fire_n the_o spirit_n infuse_v work_v by_o heat_n in_o all_o body_n be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v by_o this_o you_o see_v that_o the_o constitution_n of_o a_o body_n participate_v of_o the_o four_o element_n which_o be_v to_o say_v quality_n hot_a cold_a moist_a and_o dry_a but_o to_o return_v again_o from_o whence_o i_o digress_v the_o constitution_n of_o that_o ground_n where_o one_o of_o the_o four_o element_n do_v most_o predominate_a be_v a_o apparent_a sign_n of_o barrenness_n as_o when_o the_o ground_n be_v either_o extreme_o cold_a and_o moist_a or_o else_o hot_a and_o dry_a now_o these_o cold_a ground_n be_v general_o clay_v except_o such_o as_o be_v subject_a to_o inundation_n of_o water_n or_o land_n spring_n which_o be_v all_o cold_a and_o may_v be_v unfruitful_a these_o cold_a and_o barren_a clay_n as_o by_o the_o outward_a face_n and_o character_n judgement_n may_v be_v give_v general_o produce_v broom_n gorse_n moss_n shrub-bush_n and_o such_o like_a and_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o unfruitfulness_n be_v first_o from_o their_o tough_a nature_n and_o bindingness_n in_o the_o winter_n the_o pore_n be_v so_o close_v that_o the_o rain_n or_o snow_n fall_v and_o melt_v can_v soak_v into_o the_o earth_n far_o or_o deep_a than_o the_o pore_n be_v open_v by_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n and_o plant_n or_o corn_n and_o grass_n wherefore_o lie_v at_o the_o root_n it_o do_v benumb_v and_o chill_v they_o and_o thereby_o hinder_v the_o growth_n and_o endanger_v the_o stock_n through_o a_o extreme_a moistness_n and_o every_o extreme_a be_v death_n or_o dangerous_a second_o these_o barren_a earth_n will_v require_v much_o more_o dung_n than_o better_a earth_n and_o yet_o not_o last_v half_o the_o time_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o stiffness_n and_o bindingness_n of_o the_o clay_n the_o soil_n can_v incorporate_v with_o it_o so_o that_o both_o corn_n and_o weed_n will_v soon_o draw_v away_o or_o spend_v the_o substance_n thereof_o and_o that_o which_o remain_v good_a above_o will_v exhale_v or_o if_o the_o groundely_a steep_a than_o the_o rain_n will_v wash_v it_o away_o three_o if_o the_o spring_n or_o summer_n be_v very_o hot_a and_o dry_a the_o natural_a toughness_n of_o the_o clay_n do_v so_o fetter_v and_o lock_v the_o root_n or_o grain_n within_o the_o mould_n that_o it_o will_v not_o give_v they_o liberty_n to_o sprout_v or_o if_o it_o do_v yet_o the_o cold_a after_o much_o rain_n will_v present_o starve_v the_o root_n and_o make_v the_o stem_n utter_o unable_a to_o bring_v forth_o profitable_a fruit_n as_o i_o have_v former_o declare_v next_o unto_o the_o clay_n be_v marle_n and_o chalk_n ground_n they_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o clay_n marle_n be_v of_o several_a colour_n as_o be_v the_o clayes_n and_o sands_n chalk_n be_v only_o a_o kind_n of_o white_a marl_n for_o it_o be_v marle_n before_o it_o be_v chalk_n and_o both_o of_o they_o earth_n or_o clay_n at_o first_o only_a become_v harden_v and_o colour_v by_o accident_n as_o stone_n be_v coagulate_v with_o water_n and_o fire_n which_o we_o may_v well_o observe_v in_o brick_n and_o earthen_a pot_n for_o here_o art_n imitate_v nature_n as_o also_o that_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o calcination_n as_o lime_n stone_n flint_n and_o the_o like_a but_o because_o marle_n have_v its_o original_n from_o the_o clay_n i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o be_v adjudge_v by_o the_o outward_a appearance_n as_o the_o clay_n ground_n be_v except_v that_o there_o you_o will_v find_v no_o broom_n and_o gorse_n or_o such_o like_a weed_n for_o marle_n be_v a_o great_a enemy_n unto_o those_o kind_n of_o encumbrance_n as_o the_o barrennese_n of_o clay_n ground_n be_v know_v by_o the_o outward_a face_n and_o character_n so_o also_o be_v sand_n this_o earth_n be_v of_o several_a colour_n as_o the_o clay_n those_o sand_n that_o lie_v upon_o mountainous_a and_o rocky_a place_n be_v general_o barren_a which_o may_v be_v perceive_v by_o the_o small_a pale_a mossy_a and_o yellowish_a grass_n which_o they_o bear_v other_o sand_n that_o lie_v low_o in_o wet_a morish_a plain_n or_o bottom_n be_v general_o of_o colour_n blackish_a and_o produce_v a_o long_a sour_a unwholesome_a grass_n but_o where_o the_o ground_n lie_v dry_a the_o earth_n or_o sand_n will_v be_v very_o white_a or_o yellow_a and_o produce_v
a_o short_a small_a bluish_a mossey_a grass_n the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o unfruitful_a sand_n be_v much_o subject_n to_o heath_n fur_n brake_n and_o such_o like_a now_o a_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o unfruitfulness_n of_o this_o barren_a sandy_a ground_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o porousness_n or_o hollowness_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v say_v before_o for_o although_o it_o be_v well_o manure_v with_o soil_n or_o dung_n yet_o much_o rain_n or_o wet_v will_v wash_v down_o the_o dung_n low_a into_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o root_n of_o the_o corn_n or_o grass_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o plow-trenching_a in_o sandy_a country_n now_o the_o manner_n and_o way_n of_o plow-trenching_a have_v here_o mention_v it_o and_o because_o we_o may_v have_v occasion_n further_o to_o mention_v it_o in_o our_o after_o plant_v be_v as_o follow_v first_o the_o blow_n have_v cast_v up_o the_o furrow_n take_v a_o good_a stitch_n as_o they_o call_v it_o in_o husbandry_n after_o the_o blow_n there_o follow_v 12_o or_o 14_o man_n with_o spade_n who_o delve_n or_o dig_v a_o spit_n or_o spade_n deep_a in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o furrow_n where_o the_o blow_n have_v go_v which_o they_o cast_v or_o lay_v upon_o the_o earth_n or_o ridge_n which_o the_o blow_n first_o throw_v up_o then_o follow_v the_o next_o turn_n of_o the_o blow_n but_o that_o which_o be_v then_o cast_v up_o be_v throw_v into_o the_o trench_n the_o man_n leave_v to_o fill_v it_o again_o the_o man_n as_o before_o still_o follow_v the_o blow_n and_o dig_v or_o cast_v up_o out_o of_o this_o second_o furrow_n another_o spade_n depth_n of_o sand_n or_o earth_n which_o they_o cast_v on_o the_o second_o ridge_n of_o sand_n that_o be_v throw_v up_o by_o the_o blow_n and_o so_o a_o three_o and_o four_o ridge_n the_o delver_n follow_v the_o blow_n and_o the_o plough_v they_o during_o the_o day_n work_n by_o which_o you_o may_v perceive_v that_o the_o upper_a earth_n or_o sand_n be_v bury_v and_o the_o undermost_a or_o fresh_a sand_n lay_v uppermost_o so_o likewise_o in_o delve_v or_o more_o proper_o trench_v the_o ground_n be_v delve_v two_o spit_n deep_a the_o second_o spit_n or_o undermost_a earth_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o first_o spit_n or_o spadeful_a of_o earth_n by_o this_o piece_n of_o husbandry_n it_o be_v easy_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o this_o barren_a sandy_a ground_n be_v hollow_a loose_a and_o light_n the_o fatness_n or_o substance_n that_o shall_v nourish_v the_o root_n of_o the_o grain_n be_v by_o much_o rain_n within_o two_o year_n time_n wash_v or_o sink_v so_o deep_a into_o the_o earth_n that_o it_o will_v not_o serve_v for_o any_o other_o season_n or_o seed_n time_n without_o more_o soil_n or_o new_a trench_a and_o as_o much_o wet_a and_o rain_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o unfruitfulness_n of_o the_o hungry_a hollow_a barren_a sand_n so_o likewise_o be_v drought_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v loose_a and_o hollow_a the_o sun_n by_o his_o heat_n do_v draw_v up_o the_o moisture_n and_o richness_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o soil_n which_o the_o rain_n do_v leave_v a_o three_o sort_n of_o simple_a ground_n be_v barren_a and_o unfruitful_a be_v the_o gravel_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o it_o a_o hungry_a earth_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o gritty_a loose_a sand_n this_o ground_n if_o it_o lie_v high_a and_o mountainous_a than_o the_o outward_a face_n and_o character_n will_v appear_v as_o it_o do_v in_o the_o poor_a sand_n and_o clay_n one_o cause_n of_o its_o barrenness_n be_v from_o cold_a the_o gravel_n want_v good_a earth_n to_o warm_v and_o nourish_v that_o which_o shall_v grow_v in_o it_o also_o because_o in_o time_n of_o drought_n the_o sun_n will_v scorch_v and_o burn_v up_o the_o fruit_n thereof_o be_v it_o either_o corn_n or_o grass_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o this_o gravelly_a ground_n lie_v low_a than_o it_o be_v subject_a unto_o land-spring_n which_o within_o the_o earth_n wash_v away_o that_o substance_n and_o fatness_n from_o the_o root_n of_o corn_n and_o grass_n that_o shall_v be_v their_o nourishment_n also_o much_o rain_n do_v likewise_o wash_v away_o the_o fatness_n and_o goodness_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o roundness_n and_o hollow_a looseness_n of_o the_o stone_n so_o that_o what_o with_o the_o water_n within_o the_o ground_n and_o the_o water_n above_o also_o the_o heat_n and_o scorch_a of_o the_o sun_n which_o do_v dry_a up_o more_o easy_o its_o moisture_n this_o kind_n of_o earth_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v unfruitful_a neither_o be_v there_o any_o way_n to_o improve_v it_o but_o by_o gather_v out_o the_o stone_n lay_v store_n of_o good_a earth_n and_o soil_n in_o the_o room_n and_o make_v drayne_n to_o carry_v away_o the_o water_n i_o shall_v not_o advise_v any_o to_o begin_v this_o piece_n of_o husbandry_n because_o the_o charge_n will_v amount_v unto_o so_o much_o and_o better_a land_n may_v be_v purchase_v at_o a_o cheap_a rate_n now_o as_o by_o the_o outward_a face_n and_o character_n and_o by_o the_o clime_n and_o constitution_n of_o all_o simple_a ground_n do_v appear_v the_o richness_n and_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o poorness_n and_o barrenness_n of_o the_o other_o so_o likewise_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n there_o may_v be_v judgement_n give_v of_o all_o compound_v ground_n or_o mix_v earth_n as_o sand_n with_o gravel_n or_o clay_n or_o loom_n with_o gravel_n or_o sand_n or_o other_o earth_n by_o this_o which_o have_v be_v speak_v concern_v the_o nature_n of_o ground_n either_o simple_a or_o compound_n the_o husbandman_n may_v have_v true_a knowledge_n to_o order_n and_o dress_v his_o ground_n and_o by_o purge_v and_o cleanse_v the_o same_o from_o those_o fault_n that_o hinder_v the_o increase_n expect_v a_o large_a and_o ample_a crop_n of_o corn_n or_o grass_n but_o yet_o the_o honest_a arborist_n may_v be_v at_o a_o loss_n in_o plant_v of_o timber-tree_n if_o he_o go_v no_o deep_a than_o the_o outward_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o almost_o every_o ditcher_n can_v speak_v by_o experience_n in_o make_v of_o a_o ditch_n that_o the_o crust_n or_o good_a earth_n many_o time_n do_v lie_v but_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n deep_a and_o the_o next_o earth_n prove_v a_o hard_a hungry_a gravel_n about_o a_o spade_n depth_n more_o the_o next_o spade_n depth_n or_o under_o the_o gravel_n it_o may_v be_v shall_v rise_v a_o cold_a barren_a clay_n and_o under_o that_o 8_o or_o 10_o inch_n more_o a_o good_a loom_n or_o sand_n also_o in_o rich_a earth_n the_o crust_n may_v lie_v 17_o or_o 18_o inch_n deep_a and_o under_o that_o depth_n a_o hard_a gravel_n or_o rock_n of_o stone_n quarry_n of_o slate_n or_o such_o like_a there_o be_v as_o many_o face_n or_o character_n of_o good_a and_o bad_a earth_n under_o the_o ground_n as_o above_z or_o upon_o the_o superficies_n but_o this_o must_v be_v try_v by_o a_o instrument_n hereafter_o mention_v there_o be_v other_o ground_n that_o have_v no_o crust_n or_o good_a earth_n above_o but_o either_o a_o barren_a sand_n hungry_a gravel_n or_o cold_a clay_n and_o such_o like_a and_o yet_o within_o twelve_o inch_n depth_n have_v a_o very_a good_a earth_n and_o that_o there_o be_v several_a vein_n and_o sort_n of_o earth_n good_a and_o bad_a of_o all_o these_o quality_n he_o that_o dig_v mine_n and_o well_n can_v aver_v also_o that_o there_o be_v several_a vein_n of_o good_a and_o bad_a earth_n upon_o the_o ground_n gardener_n and_o plowman_n can_v testify_v there_o be_v likewise_o several_a sort_n of_o ground_n that_o may_v be_v good_a for_o corn_n and_o grass_n or_o small_a fruit-tree_n and_o bush_n yet_o not_o good_a for_o the_o plant_v of_o timber-tree_n first_o such_o ground_n that_o have_v a_o good_a crust_n or_o earth_n 12_o or_o 14_o inch_n deep_a and_o under_o this_o good_a earth_n a_o cold_a wet_a gravel_n be_v full_a of_o land-spring_n which_o be_v water_n run_v within_o the_o earth_n and_o show_v itself_o or_o be_v discover_v by_o break_v out_o or_o spew_v up_o in_o many_o place_n this_o and_o the_o like_a be_v not_o sound_a ground_n to_o plant_v timber_n tree_n in_o because_o after_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n have_v pass_v downward_o deep_a than_o the_o good_a earth_n the_o young_a and_o tender_a shoot_v of_o the_o root_n that_o the_o sap_n cause_v every_o year_n to_o spring_v forth_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o too_o much_o moisture_n and_o cold_a water_n within_o the_o earth_n chill_v and_o benumb_v so_o that_o they_o have_v not_o strength_n to_o enter_v the_o earth_n underneath_o the_o water_n or_o if_o they_o do_v the_o water_n follow_v also_o after_o do_v continual_o hinder_v they_o in_o their_o growth_n and_o keep_v they_o from_o thrive_a and_o so_o consequent_o the_o tree_n second_o such_o
ground_n as_o have_v the_o same_o or_o as_o good_a earth_n as_o before_o mention_v above_o but_o underneath_o a_o rock_n or_o quarry_n extend_v many_o yard_n or_o rod_n be_v also_o not_o proper_a for_o plant_v timber-tree_n for_o after_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n have_v grow_v deep_a into_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o crust_n or_o good_a earth_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o reach_v unto_o the_o rock_n they_o can_v enter_v and_o be_v only_o maintain_v by_o the_o upper_a root_n that_o spread_v along_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v never_o grow_v to_o any_o bulk_n not_o have_v sufficient_a nourishment_n for_o all_o the_o root_n and_o thereupon_o necessary_o want_v so_o much_o of_o their_o due_a growth_n and_o although_o such_o tree_n may_v thrive_v 50_o or_o 60_o year_n yet_o as_o they_o grow_v in_o height_n and_o greatness_n so_o much_o the_o more_o be_v they_o in_o danger_n of_o every_o wind_n because_o those_o root_n that_o shall_v grow_v deep_a into_o the_o earth_n not_o only_o to_o support_v the_o tree_n by_o nourishment_n and_o balance_v it_o by_o weight_n but_o as_o strong_a cordes_n to_o bind_v it_o fast_o unto_o the_o earth_n be_v altogether_o hinder_v and_o disappoint_v of_o their_o true_a use_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o rock_n or_o quarry_n also_o those_o root_n that_o touch_v the_o rock_n for_o want_v of_o entrance_n will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n perish_v and_o decay_v and_o not_o only_o to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o the_o growth_n but_o shorten_v the_o life_n of_o the_o tree_n this_o stoppage_n or_o decay_v of_o the_o root_n may_v be_v discern_v several_a way_n first_o the_o middle_a bough_n that_o general_o grow_v straight_o upward_o and_o proceed_v from_o the_o heart_n will_v decay_v at_o top_n which_o may_v be_v know_v by_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o leaf_n second_o the_o bark_n will_v grow_v black_a three_o the_o sap_n which_o be_v as_o the_o blood_n have_v not_o its_o natural_a course_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o stoppage_n of_o the_o root_n will_v break_v out_o into_o boyles_n which_o be_v great_a bunch_n in_o the_o bark_n body_n and_o limb_n of_o the_o tree_n all_o which_o evil_n will_v hinder_v the_o growth_n and_o increase_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o in_o time_n cause_n it_o to_o be_v hollow_a now_o since_o it_o concern_v every_o one_o that_o will_v be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o plant_v to_o search_v into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o not_o to_o be_v satisfy_v or_o trust_v to_o the_o outward_a face_n thereof_o there_o shall_v be_v provide_v for_o the_o same_o use_n or_o purpose_v a_o iron_n augar_n such_o as_o be_v use_v for_o the_o search_n after_o mine_n or_o mineral_n and_o although_o this_o way_n of_o search_v or_o try_v the_o goodness_n of_o the_o earth_n under_o ground_n will_v require_v labour_n and_o expense_n yet_o it_o will_v be_v of_o great_a concernment_n and_o singular_a use_n there_o be_v a_o vast_a difference_n between_o the_o plant_v and_o sow_v of_o corn_n and_o sow_v and_o plant_v seed_n or_o plant_n for_o tree_n for_o the_o husbandman_n in_o a_o year_n time_n after_o his_o seed_n be_v sow_v may_v know_v the_o goodness_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o amend_v the_o evil_n thereof_o or_o forbear_v far_a charge_n and_o let_v it_o rest_v for_o the_o feed_n of_o cattle_n whereas_o the_o planter_n must_v wait_v many_o year_n in_o expectation_n to_o know_v the_o goodness_n of_o his_o ground_n and_o only_o guess_v it_o at_o last_o without_o any_o certainty_n only_o by_o the_o growth_n or_o thrive_a of_o the_o tree_n plant_v have_v brief_o discourse_v of_o unfruitful_a ground_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o constitution_n and_o clime_n or_o situation_n of_o the_o country_n wherein_o they_o lie_v it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o speak_v of_o those_o rich_a and_o fruitful_a clayes_n in_o buckinghamshire_n leicestershire_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o the_o fruitful_a sand_n in_o surry_n middlesex_n and_o suffolk_n also_o those_o rich_a and_o fruitful_a gravels_n and_o compound_v or_o mix_v earth_n in_o berkshire_n and_o hartfordshire_n with_o many_o other_o shire_n all_o these_o fruitful_a soil_n if_o there_o be_v not_o those_o hindrance_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n former_o speak_v of_o will_v require_v no_o other_o charge_n then_o only_o the_o choice_n of_o good_a plant_n and_o care_n in_o plant_v they_o as_o for_o poor_a unfruitful_a ground_n have_v but_o a_o thin_a crust_n yet_o good_a earth_n at_o the_o depth_n of_o 18_o or_o 20_o inch_n the_o seed_n or_o plant_n that_o be_v to_o be_v plant_v in_o such_o ground_n be_v to_o be_v nourish_v and_o maintain_v until_o their_o root_n descend_v and_o reach_v unto_o that_o good_a earth_n therefore_o not_o only_o choice_a plant_n be_v to_o be_v provide_v but_o also_o good_a earth_n thereinto_o to_o set_v or_o plant_v the_o seed_n and_o plant_n but_o of_o this_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o you_o have_v more_o particular_a direction_n there_o be_v therefore_o not_o any_o of_o those_o land_n former_o speak_v of_o either_o fruitful_a or_o barren_a but_o may_v be_v very_o good_a for_o plant_v timber-tree_n except_o these_o few_o follow_v first_o all_o land_n that_o lie_v near_o the_o skirt_n and_o border_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o mist_n fog_n and_o wind_n that_o come_v thence_o will_v much_o endanger_v they_o and_o hinder_v their_o thrive_n second_o all_o high_a and_o dry_a mountain_n for_o they_o do_v not_o only_o want_v moistness_n of_o earth_n but_o be_v infest_a by_o great_a wind_n which_o frequent_o blow_v in_o such_o place_n and_o be_v very_o hurtful_a and_o although_o there_o be_v and_o have_v be_v see_v great_a tree_n grow_v on_o high_a hill_n yet_o it_o be_v my_o opinion_n they_o be_v not_o plant_v there_o by_o man_n but_o be_v the_o production_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o a_o effect_n of_o the_o first_o creation_n three_o all_o land_n that_o lie_v flat_a and_o be_v subject_a to_o inundation_n of_o water_n for_o want_v of_o a_o descent_n or_o current_n to_o carry_v they_o off_o some_o other_o way_n for_o although_o moist_a earth_n be_v good_a for_o tree_n yet_o too_o much_o moisture_n as_o water_n lie_v long_o on_o the_o ground_n or_o at_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n be_v dangerous_a if_o not_o mortal_a four_o all_o moorish_a wet_a ground_n for_o although_o there_o be_v and_o have_v be_v many_o great_a tree_n grow_v in_o such_o ground_n yet_o very_o seldom_o any_o sound_n well_o colour_v or_o long-lived_a timber-tree_n five_o all_o entire_a chalk_n ground_n for_o such_o ground_n be_v cold_a and_o dry_a and_o not_o good_a for_o tree_n but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o mixture_n of_o other_o earth_n with_o they_o than_o it_o may_v be_v good_a six_o all_o ground_n that_o be_v rocky_a or_o very_o stony_a either_o under_o or_o above_o the_o earth_n for_o although_o tree_n may_v thrive_v in_o such_o ground_n yet_o it_o will_v require_v much_o labour_n and_o charge_n and_o i_o be_o very_o dubious_a of_o any_o long_a thrive_a of_o tree_n so_o plant_v now_o the_o plot_n of_o ground_n that_o i_o shall_v make_v choice_n of_o to_o plant_v timber-tree_n in_o shall_v be_v low_a and_o plain_a but_o somewhat_o ascend_v towards_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o plot_n that_o so_o the_o flood_n after_o rain_n may_v run_v clean_o away_o yet_o slow_o not_o rise_v high_o if_o possible_a then_o may_v be_v convenient_a to_o water_v the_o whole_a from_o some_o spring_n or_o river_n that_o in_o the_o summer_n or_o drought_n it_o may_v be_v moisten_v cool_v and_o refresh_v and_o lay_v dry_a again_o at_o pleasure_n which_o will_v not_o only_o produce_v grass_n wonderful_o but_o make_v the_o plant_n and_o tree_n grow_v more_o in_o seven_o year_n than_o they_o will_v in_o other_o ground_n that_o have_v not_o these_o help_n and_o convenience_n in_o 15_o or_o 16_o year_n the_o soil_n or_o earth_n shall_v also_o be_v a_o rich_a and_o fruitful_a clay_n be_v now_o provide_v of_o a_o plot_n of_o ground_n to_o plant_v and_o have_v proportion_v the_o fence_n and_o compute_v the_o charge_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v the_o choice_n of_o seed_n and_o plant_n seed_n be_v only_o the_o image_n of_o the_o plant_n or_o tree_n gather_v together_o into_o a_o very_a small_a part_n of_o the_o matter_n plant_n be_v the_o production_n of_o seed_n for_o the_o universal_a spirit_n of_o life_n be_v infuse_v or_o put_v into_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o world_n by_o that_o great_a herbarist_n our_o eternal_a god_n and_o so_o insinuate_a itself_o through_o all_o the_o part_n thereof_o introduce_v into_o every_o creature_n it_o be_v own_o form_n now_o the_o spirit_n of_o life_n contract_v into_o this_o lesser_a form_n as_o aforesaid_a be_v the_o seed_n of_o all_o creature_n of_o what_o kind_n soever_o they_o be_v and_o whereby_o their_o several_a species_n
easy_o to_o be_v discern_v therefore_o their_o age_n be_v not_o certain_o know_v but_o from_o the_o time_n they_o be_v first_o set_v or_o planâ—ed_v or_o if_o you_o plant_v with_o slip_n or_o sucker_n you_o must_v reckon_v from_o the_o time_n the_o sap_n first_o put_v forth_o shoot_v for_o if_o you_o transplant_v tree_n and_o there_o be_v in_o the_o bark_n knot_n or_o boil_v they_o may_v be_v of_o great_a age_n and_o yet_o small_a of_o growth_n as_o knot_a cattle_n be_v starve_v at_o first_o yet_o may_v live_v possible_o but_o not_o thrive_v now_o if_o you_o can_v know_v the_o age_n of_o the_o tree_n you_o be_v to_o remove_v then_o let_v your_o choice_n be_v of_o such_o as_o be_v straight_o smooth_a and_o who_o bark_n be_v well_o colour_a without_o knot_n or_o boil_v second_o let_v the_o root_n carry_v proportion_n with_o the_o body_n and_o bough_n that_o be_v round_o and_o spread_a every_o way_n three_o let_v not_o the_o bowl_n or_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v above_o 8_o or_o 10_o inch_n about_o if_o possible_a for_o this_o size_n or_o greatness_n will_v endanger_v life_n and_o growth_n but_o the_o hazard_n will_v be_v much_o more_o if_o they_o be_v of_o great_a bulk_n because_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v taint_v with_o deadly_a wound_n either_o in_o the_o root_n or_o top_n or_o both_o and_o after_o that_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o good_a this_o evil_a in_o remove_v may_v be_v discern_v within_o few_o year_n by_o the_o tree_n bear_v a_o small_a hungry_a leaf_n also_o by_o the_o blackness_n of_o bough_n and_o bark_n again_o another_o danger_n in_o remove_v tree_n of_o such_o a_o age_n and_o greatness_n be_v that_o if_o they_o be_v not_o very_o well_o stake_v the_o wind_n by_o often_o shake_v the_o body_n will_v loosen_v the_o root_n and_o break_v the_o young_a taw_n or_o fibre_n which_o be_v not_o only_o the_o mouth_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o root_n whereby_o it_o suck_v and_o draw_v the_o moisture_n or_o nourishment_n from_o the_o earth_n but_o be_v as_o string_n or_o tie_n grow_v far_o into_o the_o earth_n fasten_v the_o root_n and_o so_o the_o tree_n and_o these_o be_v break_a will_n much_o hinder_v the_o thrive_a if_o not_o endanger_v the_o life_n of_o such_o tree_n therefore_o all_o such_o great_a plant_n or_o young_a tree_n transplant_v be_v only_o useful_a for_o ornament_n as_o walk_n and_o such_o like_a or_o pollard_n so_o call_v because_o of_o the_o often_o pole_v or_o lop_n of_o their_o head_n and_o usual_o grow_v in_o hedge-row_n or_o else_o in_o copice_n or_o other_o waste_a place_n for_o of_o such_o tree_n the_o top_n may_v be_v cut_v off_o at_o pleasure_n and_o the_o bowl_n or_o body_n leave_v at_o such_o a_o height_n as_o may_v be_v convenient_a for_o the_o place_n and_o use_v of_o the_o say_a tree_n although_o these_o tree_n may_v not_o grow_v to_o become_v good_a timber_n yet_o they_o may_v live_v bear_v arm_n and_o bough_n useful_a for_o plowboot_n houseboot_o and_o fire_v many_o hundred_o year_n and_o be_v it_o not_o for_o charge_n you_o may_v for_o these_o and_o such_o like_a use_n transplan_n or_o remove_v great_a tree_n than_o those_o last_o speak_v of_o the_o way_n and_o custom_n be_v to_o take_v up_o the_o whole_a root_n with_o the_o earth_n about_o they_o and_o so_o set_v or_o plant_v they_o where_o there_o be_v a_o deep_a and_o good_a mould_n for_o the_o root_n and_o earth_n will_v so_o balance_v the_o body_n and_o top_n that_o not_o any_o of_o the_o bough_n will_v require_v to_o be_v cut_v off_o only_o such_o as_o be_v useless_a which_o will_v be_v proyn_v betimes_o and_o although_o tree_n of_o such_o growth_n and_o greatness_n be_v remove_v they_o may_v thrive_v and_o grow_v for_o timber_n tree_n if_o the_o waste_a bough_n be_v careful_o take_v off_o and_o the_o wound_n not_o too_o great_a but_o recoverable_a many_o more_o observation_n may_v be_v add_v but_o these_o may_v suffice_v now_o in_o the_o plant_n or_o transplant_n those_o tree_n former_o mention_v there_o aught_o to_o be_v great_a care_n take_v than_o in_o young_a plant_n for_o there_o be_v great_a danger_n also_o the_o grow_a and_o thrive_v of_o they_o be_v more_o uncertain_a therefore_o we_o shall_v repeat_v over_o again_o some_o of_o our_o former_a direction_n first_o let_v the_o trench_n or_o hole_n you_o dig_v to_o set_v the_o tree_n in_o be_v so_o large_a every_o way_n that_o the_o root_n may_v lie_v at_o length_n and_o not_o be_v bruise_v or_o break_v by_o bend_v or_o force_v into_o the_o place_n second_o set_v such_o tree_n in_o the_o deep_a earth_n or_o crust_n and_o so_o deep_a as_o the_o good_a earth_n reach_v to_o prevent_v shake_v by_o wind_n also_o let_v the_o slope_n side_n of_o the_o wound_n be_v towards_o the_o south_n as_o for_o those_o fond_a opinion_n of_o several_a man_n that_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n only_o grow_v and_o thrive_v in_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o their_o element_n it_o be_v not_o deny_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o element_n for_o the_o root_n of_o all_o tree_n and_o plant_n as_o the_o water_n for_o fish_n but_o as_o water_n have_v several_a distinct_a taste_n smell_n colour_n and_o operation_n also_o several_a kind_n of_o fish_n haunt_v delight_n and_o thrive_v in_o those_o several_a water_n as_o some_o in_o salt_n sea_n other_o in_o fresh_a river_n other_o in_o muddy_a pool_n or_o pond_n as_o the_o carp_n bream_n chevin_n and_o other_o in_o shallow_a run_a gravelly_a stream_n as_o trout_n roch_n dace_n etc._n etc._n other_o in_o mud_n and_o hole_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o eel_n crawfish_n etc._n etc._n other_o in_o stony_a bottom_n under_o the_o water_n as_o lobster_n oyster_n crab_n etc._n etc._n so_o likewise_o the_o earth_n have_v several_a distinct_a taste_n colour_n smell_n and_o operation_n and_o also_o several_a kind_n of_o creature_n live_v therein_o and_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n and_o plant_n thrive_v and_o delight_v to_o grow_v in_o those_o several_a sort_n of_o earth_n and_o not_o only_o the_o root_n of_o several_a tree_n but_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o tree_n we_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o those_o root_n which_o grow_v in_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n most_o nourish_v the_o tree_n by_o produce_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o sap_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v other_o root_n also_o that_o grow_v downward_o beneath_o the_o crust_n or_o good_a earth_n through_o the_o several_a earth_n and_o be_v for_o special_a use_n as_o tie_n and_o stay_v to_o keep_v it_o up_o by_o bind_v it_o fast_o unto_o the_o ground_n as_o be_v say_v before_o and_o likewise_o to_o nourish_v and_o feed_v both_o body_n and_o bough_n also_o those_o root_n that_o run_v in_o the_o crust_n put_v forth_o other_o root_n downward_o deep_a into_o the_o earth_n for_o be_v it_o not_o so_o those_o great_a and_o mighty_a tree_n that_o lift_v up_o their_o head_n high_a into_o the_o air_n can_v not_o stand_v three_o let_v the_o earth_n be_v moist_a and_o mellow_a that_o so_o fall_v between_o the_o root_n it_o may_v the_o better_a hold_v they_o four_o in_o set_v be_v sure_a you_o shake_v the_o tree_n easy_o that_o the_o earth_n may_v fall_v and_o be_v disperse_v every_o where_o among_o the_o root_n and_o often_o tread_v it_o as_o you_o cast_v it_o on_o the_o root_n gentle_o with_o one_o of_o your_o foot_n hold_v the_o tree_n upright_o with_o your_o hand_n leave_v no_o hollowness_n or_o vacant_a place_n for_o the_o wind_n to_o get_v in_o which_o be_v very_o hurtful_a five_o let_v not_o your_o plant_n or_o tree_n be_v bind_v or_o tie_v to_o any_o stake_n or_o lean_a against_o any_o hold_n but_o about_o every_o tree_n set_v four_o stake_n let_v two_o of_o they_o be_v set_v deep_a into_o the_o ground_n the_o other_o two_o upon_o or_o very_o little_a within_o the_o earth_n that_o they_o may_v not_o reach_v the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n the_o 4_o stake_n may_v stand_v seven_o or_o eight_o inch_n from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o will_v be_v four_o or_o five_o foot_n high_a above_o the_o ground_n also_o brace_v above_o and_o below_o about_o a_o foot_n from_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n with_o brace_n to_o keep_v or_o join_v they_o fast_o each_o to_o other_o but_o if_o the_o plant_n or_o young_a tree_n be_v in_o danger_n of_o be_v bark_v by_o any_o cattle_n as_o deer_n goat_n hare_n coney_n or_o any_o other_o than_o you_o must_v board_v it_o between_o the_o stake_n or_o add_v more_o stake_n set_v they_o close_o to_o the_o ground_n but_o not_o drive_v they_o in_o about_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n above_o and_o below_o over_o against_o the_o brace_n there_o must_v be_v wind_v a_o good_a wisp_n role_n or_o rope_n of_o hay_n contain_v in_o thickness_n
although_o for_o man_n sin_n the_o earth_n be_v curse_v to_o bring_v brier_n and_o thorn_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o read_v that_o the_o life_n of_o vegetive_n be_v therefore_o shorten_v but_o that_o every_o plant_v according_a to_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o species_n by_o the_o good_a will_n and_o providence_n of_o god_n live_v to_o the_o time_n first_o appoint_v at_o the_o creation_n if_o man_n have_v not_o sin_v he_o have_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o mortality_n it_o be_v therefore_o resolve_v upon_o good_a reason_n that_o tree_n may_v live_v during_o the_o world_n or_o until_o the_o dissolution_n of_o all_o thing_n here_o below_o not_o come_v under_o man_n transgression_n for_o if_o man_n who_o body_n be_v nothing_o in_o a_o manner_n but_o tender_a rottenness_n have_v live_v above_o 900_o year_n much_o more_o may_v the_o oak_n live_v many_o thousand_o but_o second_o in_o all_o ancient_a history_n we_o read_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o england_n be_v much_o overgrow_v with_o wood_n and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o these_o wood_n have_v be_v cut_v down_o and_o destroy_v in_o all_o age_n and_o be_v waste_v to_o this_o day_n but_o we_o do_v not_o read_v of_o plant_v any_o except_o in_o these_o latter_a day_n by_o gentleman_n for_o their_o private_a occasion_n his_o majesty_n forest_n which_o be_v the_o ancient_a wood_n and_o woodland_n in_o england_n have_v not_o be_v plant_v nor_o ever_o be_v by_o man_n neither_o do_v we_o find_v that_o the_o old_a tree_n die_v and_o young_a grow_v up_o in_o their_o room_n nor_o that_o decay_a tree_n be_v cut_v down_o except_o some_o few_o for_o fire_v but_o the_o best_a and_o sound_a tree_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o or_o that_o such_o old_a like_o decay_a tree_n be_v the_o old_a tree_n and_o be_v so_o decay_v by_o reason_n of_o age_n but_o chief_o by_o be_v often_o lop_v shredded_a chip_v and_o cut_v either_o bough_n or_o root_n or_o by_o other_o accident_n as_o be_v overwhelm_v and_o oppress_v by_o bush_n or_o other_o tree_n grow_v too_o near_o they_o or_o otherlike_o which_o may_v shorten_v the_o life_n of_o the_o sound_a tree_n beside_o other_o encumbrance_n under_o ground_n as_o land-spring_n watercourse_n rock_n of_o stone_n or_o slate_n which_o they_o meet_v with_o in_o their_o subterranous_a passage_n three_o there_o be_v tree_n which_o be_v and_o have_v be_v ancient_a boundary_a tree_n or_o landmark_n many_o hundred_o year_n which_o now_o be_v and_o have_v be_v by_o the_o memory_n of_o the_o old_a man_n live_v grow_v like_o tree_n four_o it_o have_v be_v my_o observation_n in_o travel_v abroad_o that_o great_a wood_n or_o wood_n of_o great_a timber-tree_n have_v be_v so_o environ_v with_o bogs_n or_o moorish_a ground_n that_o not_o any_o engine_n cart_n or_o wagon_n can_v pass_v neither_o have_v it_o be_v know_v that_o any_o of_o those_o great_a tree_n have_v be_v fell_v or_o cut_v down_o other_o wood_n i_o have_v see_v contain_v many_o mile_n very_o rocky_a and_o they_o so_o high_a and_o rugged_a that_o not_o any_o cart_n or_o wagon_n can_v pass_v in_o many_o place_n and_o yet_o both_o these_o ground_n abound_v with_o tree_n of_o great_a bulk_n also_o other_o part_n of_o the_o country_n have_v be_v general_o full_a of_o wood_n and_o timber-tree_n and_o not_o much_o people_v nor_o ever_o be_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o cart_n wagon_n or_o other_o engine_n thereabouts_o in_o use_n to_o convey_v away_o timber_n and_o the_o wood_n and_o timber_n general_o use_v be_v young_a tree_n with_o which_o they_o build_v their_o cabin_n booth_n or_o house_n be_v but_o of_o one_o story_n frame_v in_o the_o wood_n and_o draw_v to_o the_o place_n where_o they_o make_v use_v of_o they_o be_v make_v fast_o on_o both_o side_n of_o a_o horse_n or_o else_o carry_v on_o man_n back_n i_o have_v travel_v through_o a_o great_a part_n of_o these_o wood_n and_o as_o i_o well_o remember_v the_o great_a part_n or_o quantity_n of_o the_o dead_a tree_n i_o then_o see_v be_v such_o as_o the_o wind_n blow_v down_o many_o of_o they_o lie_v rot_a on_o the_o ground_n for_o want_v of_o use_n the_o country_n be_v full_a and_o other_o that_o be_v stand_v but_o dead_a i_o find_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n young_a tree_n which_o do_v either_o grow_v out_o of_o the_o root_n of_o great_a tree_n or_o from_o seed_n fall_v in_o long_a grass_n and_o so_o grow_v altogether_o hinder_v the_o growth_n of_o each_o other_o and_o shorten_v their_o life_n i_o do_v not_o know_v any_o history_n that_o mention_n either_o the_o plant_n fell_n or_o cut_v any_o of_o these_o wood_n nor_o the_o old_a man_n then_o live_v in_o those_o part_n can_v inform_v i_o five_o of_o my_o own_o knowledge_n in_o lancashire_n shropshire_n and_o other_o part_n there_o be_v many_o firre-tree_n take_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n some_o of_o they_o 2_o or_o 3_o yard_n within_o the_o ground_n and_o by_o all_o probability_n they_o have_v lie_v there_o ever_o since_o the_o flood_n for_o no_o history_n nor_o any_o lease_n conveyance_n or_o deed_n in_o writing_n do_v mention_v any_o such_o tree_n grow_v in_o those_o part_n also_o they_o be_v find_v near_o the_o sea_n in_o moorish_a place_n which_o be_v not_o a_o proper_a place_n for_o the_o fir_n to_o grow_v in_o there_o have_v be_v many_o year_n since_o and_o of_o late_a several_a discovery_n of_o the_o say_a tree_n be_v find_v whole_a body_n and_o root_n and_o the_o timber_n very_o sound_a now_o if_o such_o tree_n have_v dure_v find_v so_o long_o after_o death_n much_o long_o may_v they_o have_v live_v if_o they_o have_v have_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o earth_n moisture_n in_o their_o root_n only_o there_o may_v be_v several_a reason_n for_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o firre-tree_n i_o shall_v but_o mention_v one_o at_o the_o deluge_n the_o water_n continue_v many_o month_n on_o the_o earth_n do_v much_o soften_v and_o mellow_v the_o ground_n and_o at_o the_o time_n appoint_v by_o the_o command_n of_o god_n the_o water_n be_v return_v into_o their_o channel_n by_o a_o strong_a wind_n as_o in_o gen._n 8._o verse_n 1._o which_o say_v wind_n after_o the_o water_n be_v something_o assuage_v do_v blow_v down_o several_a tree_n the_o fir_n be_v tall_a and_o the_o root_n run_v shallow_a within_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o soon_o blow_v down_o and_o leave_v float_v on_o the_o water_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o porousness_n and_o lightness_n now_o when_o the_o water_n be_v total_o assuage_v where_o the_o last_o wind_n leave_v they_o there_o those_o tree_n sink_v into_o the_o mud_n and_o every_o tide_n from_o the_o sea_n cast_v up_o earth_n or_o sand_n do_v cover_v they_o and_o the_o sea_n in_o after_o time_n fall_v off_o or_o leave_v those_o shore_n that_o earth_n become_v dry_a and_o produce_v grass_n moss_n weed_n and_o such_o like_a which_o do_v grow_v over_o and_o hide_v those_o tree_n until_o such_o time_n that_o this_o kingdom_n become_v more_o people_v and_o then_o these_o tree_n be_v discover_v as_o aforesaid_a many_o more_o proof_n there_o be_v which_o much_o strengthen_v my_o belief_n in_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o age_n of_o a_o oak_n but_o thus_o have_v we_o in_o a_o plain_a way_n and_o experimental_a give_v help_n and_o direction_n for_o the_o plant_n timber_n tree_n many_o more_o observation_n may_v have_v be_v add_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o seed_n and_o plant_n the_o several_a way_n of_o plant_v plow_a delve_v sow_v and_o set_v the_o different_a way_n of_o dress_v and_o proyn_v also_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o timber_n tree_n beside_o those_o before_o mention_v all_o sort_n of_o underwoods_n with_o their_o name_n and_o character_n but_o they_o be_v out_o of_o my_o road_n at_o this_o time_n i_o shall_v keep_v to_o my_o business_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o charge_n and_o profit_n in_o plant_v a_o thousand_o acre_n of_o land_n now_o the_o best_a figure_n for_o this_o plot_n of_o land_n for_o profit_n and_o pleasure_n be_v a_o quadrat_fw-la or_o four_o square_a of_o equal_a angle_n because_o it_o enclose_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o land_n with_o less_o charge_n than_o you_o can_v do_v in_o any_o other_o figure_n also_o the_o plant_n may_v be_v plant_v uniform_o and_o in_o order_n to_o perform_v this_o there_o must_v be_v provide_v two_o chain_n make_v of_o wyer_n each_o of_o they_o contain_v 22_o yard_n which_o be_v 4_o perch_n the_o breadth_n of_o a_o acre_n of_o land_n as_o it_o be_v usual_o measure_v for_o 40_o perch_n long_o and_o 4_o broad_a be_v a_o acre_n but_o if_o woodland_n measure_n than_o the_o chain_n must_v be_v 24_o yard_n in_o length_n one_o of_o the_o say_a chain_n must_v
devonshire_v or_o burn_v those_o land_n grow_v over_o with_o bush_n heath_n fur_n goss_n or_o such_o like_a also_o the_o way_n of_o improve_n all_o the_o say_v several_a sort_n of_o earth_n by_o lime_n marle_n mame_n dung_n and_o many_o other_o such_o like_a improvement_n likewise_o by_o plough_v delve_v trench_a or_o plow-trenching_a the_o say_a land_n and_o sow_v seed_n for_o corn_n or_o grass_n and_o of_o several_a observation_n and_o direction_n therein_o now_o consider_v that_o his_o majesty_n timber_n and_o wood_n stand_v and_o grow_v will_v not_o be_v a_o sufficient_a stock_n to_o mantain_n and_o keep_v in_o repair_v the_o royal_a navy_n for_o any_o long_a continuance_n of_o time_n to_o come_v without_o a_o supply_n by_o new_a plant_v those_o waist_n and_o vacant_a place_n that_o have_v no_o tree_n or_o very_o few_o grow_v i_o shall_v humble_o offer_v my_o judgement_n and_o experience_n in_o this_o thing_n and_o will_v lend_v my_o assistance_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o the_o ability_n god_n have_v give_v i_o for_o the_o plant_v and_o thus_o improve_n they_o and_o because_o his_o majesty_n forest_n and_o other_o waste_v land_n do_v much_o differ_v in_o goodness_n and_o largeness_n and_o also_o some_o of_o they_o be_v better_o replenish_v with_o timber_n tree_n than_o other_o and_o not_o know_v his_o majesty_n pleasure_n either_o what_o forest_n or_o part_n of_o the_o forest_n or_o what_o quantity_n of_o ground_n shall_v be_v plant_v i_o can_v set_v down_o the_o proportion_n but_o will_v suppose_v a_o thousand_o acre_n a_o skilful_a arborist_n will_v make_v choyc_a of_o such_o a_o soil_n where_o he_o may_v provide_v a_o strong_a and_o sufficient_a fence_n before_o he_o will_v be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o plant_v in_o the_o first_o place_n than_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v the_o make_v the_o fence_n about_o the_o plot_n of_o land_n before_o mention_v which_o be_v a_o thousand_o acre_n and_o although_o there_o be_v many_o figure_n of_o land_n i_o shall_v mention_v but_o one_o for_o it_o be_v not_o my_o intent_n to_o multiply_v word_n we_o will_v suppose_v the_o thousand_o acre_n to_o be_v a_o square_a piece_n of_o ground_n the_o square_a then_o of_o this_o plot_n or_o parcel_n of_o land_n be_v 400_o perch_n or_o pole_n land_n measure_n the_o pole_n or_o perch_n contain_v 16_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n for_o although_o there_o be_v divers_a opinion_n rise_v ground_v upon_o long_a custom_n in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o length_n of_o a_o perch_n yet_o there_o be_v but_o one_o true_a perch_n by_o statute_n appoint_v for_o the_o measure_v land_n which_o be_v as_o before_o mention_v but_o for_o wood_n measure_n or_o hedge_v and_o dich_v there_o be_v 18_o foot_n allow_v to_o the_o pole_n or_o perch_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o under_o wood_n which_o be_v thus_o measure_v for_o sale_n have_v in_o many_o place_n sundry_a gall_n or_o void_a place_n wherein_o grow_v little_a or_o no_o wood_n and_o to_o supply_v these_o defect_n the_o buyer_n claim_v this_o supply_n by_o measure_n what_o to_o make_v this_o fence_n of_o be_v the_o next_o to_o be_v consider_v and_o because_o my_o great_a care_n and_o endeavour_n be_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o majesty_n timber_n therefore_o i_o will_v not_o have_v one_o tree_n cut_v down_o or_o fell_v for_o this_o purpose_n although_o the_o pale_v thereof_o will_v be_v a_o sufficient_a fence_n but_o not_o of_o a_o very_a long_a continuance_n all_o fence_n therefore_o common_o be_v make_v of_o wood_n brick_n stone_n or_o earth_n as_o dry_a wall_n or_o ditch_n or_o earth_n compound_v there_o be_v other_o fence_n as_o mote_n or_o ditch_n of_o water_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v level_n and_o springy_a or_o the_o water_n bring_v from_o some_o spring_n oâ—_n river_n but_o of_o all_o other_o according_a to_o my_o judgement_n the_o white_a thorn_n hedge_n be_v the_o best_a for_o in_o 8_o or_o 9_o year_n it_o will_v make_v the_o best_a fence_n both_o for_o height_n to_o succour_v the_o young_a timber_n tree_n or_o plant_n for_o tree_n as_o also_o for_o strength_n to_o keep_v out_o all_o enemy_n to_o the_o say_a plant_n and_o although_o the_o plant_v of_o this_o thorn_n hedge_n be_v so_o well_o know_v to_o all_o husbandman_n that_o there_o will_v not_o seem_v to_o need_v many_o word_n to_o demonstrate_v it_o yet_o because_o i_o intend_v to_o direct_v you_o hereafter_o to_o plant_v timber_n tree_n the_o same_o way_n i_o shall_v take_v a_o little_a the_o more_o pain_n in_o it_o i_o shall_v not_o use_v much_o curiosity_n in_o please_v every_o man_n fancy_n in_o the_o make_v this_o fence_n as_o how_o many_o row_v of_o plant_n or_o set_v they_o upright_o or_o slope_v way_n or_o flat_a or_o the_o distance_n more_o or_o less_o but_o shall_v give_v you_o my_o particular_a opinion_n of_o it_o now_o to_o begin_v the_o work_n the_o ground_n be_v view_v proportion_v and_o measure_v that_o be_v to_o be_v plant_v we_o will_v suppose_v it_o as_o i_o say_v before_o to_o be_v a_o square_a piece_n of_o land_n and_o to_o contain_v a_o thousand_o acre_n the_o square_a than_o be_v 400_o perch_n the_o whole_a plot_n or_o the_o 4_o square_n contain_v 1600_o perch_n about_o which_o be_v the_o content_a of_o the_o fence_n but_o if_o the_o fence_n be_v measure_v by_o wood_n hedge_n or_o ditch_n measure_n allow_v 18_o foot_n to_o the_o perch_n then_o the_o one_o angle_n or_o square_n will_v contain_v but_o 366_o perch_n 12_o foot_n and_o the_o content_a of_o the_o whole_a fence_n by_o the_o say_a wood_n measure_n be_v 1466_o perch_n 12_o foot_n the_o fence_n must_v be_v thus_o make_v first_o i_o will_v advise_v the_o ditch_n to_o be_v 6_o foot_n wide_a or_o broad_a at_o top_n and_o 5_o foot_n deep_a slopewise_o so_o that_o the_o breadth_n at_o the_o bottom_n or_o low_a part_n of_o the_o ditch_n be_v but_o 3_o foot_n or_o there_o about_o according_a as_o the_o ground_n be_v stiff_a and_o bind_a or_o hollow_a light_n and_o looss_n for_o if_o it_o be_v a_o light_a ground_n the_o bank_n must_v be_v more_o slope_v or_o else_o it_o will_v founder_v and_o fall_v into_o the_o ditch_n again_o and_o the_o repair_n thereof_o will_v be_v the_o increase_n of_o charge_n in_o the_o next_o place_n care_n be_v to_o be_v have_v in_o provide_v plant_n wherein_o you_o may_v please_v to_o take_v these_o observation_n follow_v first_o that_o your_o plant_n be_v not_o too_o great_a nor_o too_o small_a for_o there_o be_v several_a opinion_n concern_v both_o these_o size_n the_o best_a size_n according_a unto_o my_o opinion_n be_v to_o have_v they_o about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o ordinary_a man_n little_a finger_n second_o that_o you_o have_v they_o draw_v or_o take_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n but_o a_o day_n or_o two_o before_o the_o plant_v if_o with_o convenience_n it_o may_v be_v the_o same_o day_n be_v better_a for_o although_o it_o be_v usual_a to_o have_v plant_n gather_v a_o week_n or_o more_o before_o they_o be_v plant_v yet_o it_o be_v a_o great_a evil_a and_o not_o to_o be_v approve_v of_o three_o in_o draw_v or_o take_v your_o plant_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n let_v not_o the_o bark_n or_o root_n be_v break_v or_o bruise_v 4_o in_o trim_v or_o prepare_v the_o plant_n for_o plant_v my_o advice_n be_v to_o cut_v off_o the_o top_n of_o the_o plant_n above_o 6_o inch_n from_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o root_n and_o let_v it_o be_v cut_v slope_n way_n with_o a_o sharp_a knife_n clean_a and_o handsome_a but_o cut_v not_o the_o root_n except_o there_o be_v a_o superfluous_a root_n that_o be_v break_v off_o from_o some_o other_o root_n or_o that_o be_v bruise_v break_a or_o part_n of_o it_o dead_a in_o such_o case_n you_o may_v see_v the_o chack_n or_o body_n of_o the_o plant_n be_v clean_o without_o shoot_n and_o although_o it_o have_v be_v and_o be_v a_o custom_n to_o cut_v and_o trim_v the_o root_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v allow_v of_o because_o every_o cut_n be_v a_o wound_n and_o the_o more_o wound_v the_o great_a danger_n the_o plant_n be_v thus_o proyn_v trim_v and_o fit_v for_o plant_v after_o the_o first_o turf_n lay_v with_o the_o grassy_a side_n downward_o and_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o turf_n or_o clod_n of_o earth_n which_o be_v the_o low_a pare_v plain_a near_o one_o three_o part_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o turf_n then_o lay_v on_o the_o plant_n in_o a_o rank_n or_o row_n contain_v in_o distance_n or_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o plant_n will_v be_v one_o foot_n of_o ground_n and_o this_o rank_a or_o row_n of_o plant_n to_o extend_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o angle_n or_o square_v and_o so_o of_o all_o the_o square_n in_o the_o lay_n of_o the_o plant_n
in_o the_o ground_n must_v be_v observe_v these_o 3_o rule_n first_o let_v the_o plant_n be_v lay_v slope_v or_o slope_n way_n that_o the_o top_n or_o head_n of_o the_o plant_n may_v lie_v 4_o or_o 5_o inch_n high_o than_o the_o root_n or_o the_o level_n of_o the_o lay_n of_o earth_n second_o let_v not_o the_o top_n or_o head_n of_o the_o plant_n lie_v above_o 2_o inch_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n three_o let_v the_o slope_n side_n that_o be_v cut_v lie_v downward_o or_o side_n way_n that_o the_o wound_a place_n may_v have_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o also_o that_o the_o water_n may_v not_o rest_v upon_o it_o for_o in_o winter_n the_o water_n be_v freeze_v on_o the_o place_n cut_v will_v be_v a_o great_a annoyance_n unto_o it_o and_o much_o rain_n often_o drop_v on_o the_o wound_n may_v penetrate_v the_o pith_n and_o cause_v hollowness_n may_v much_o endanger_v they_o after_o the_o first_o rank_n row_n or_o chess_n of_o the_o thorn_n plant_n lay_v or_o plant_v as_o aforesaid_a then_o there_o must_v be_v of_o the_o best_a earth_n lay_v on_o the_o root_n of_o the_o say_a plant_n to_o the_o quantity_n of_o 6_o or_o 7_o inch_n deep_a then_o a_o spadeful_a or_o spade_n depth_n of_o such_o earth_n as_o the_o ditch_n will_v afford_v or_o else_o another_o turf_n on_o the_o good_a earth_n this_o be_v perform_v and_o the_o ground_n prepare_v as_o be_v former_o direct_v then_o lay_v another_o row_n of_o plant_n of_o the_o same_o distance_n as_o the_o first_o yet_o not_o over_o against_o they_o but_o over_o against_o the_o middle_a space_n between_o the_o first_o plant_n order_v this_o second_o row_n of_o plant_n as_o the_o first_o and_o because_o the_o bank_n will_v be_v great_a there_o be_v much_o earth_n to_o be_v cast_v out_o of_o the_o ditch_n there_o may_v be_v another_o row_n or_o chess_n of_o plant_n lay_v above_o the_o second_o over_o against_o the_o middle_a distance_n between_o the_o second_o row_n still_o observe_v the_o distance_n of_o earth_n between_o and_o above_o the_o plant_n as_o you_o do_v in_o the_o first_o and_o the_o second_o row_v then_o cast_v or_o lay_v some_o of_o the_o best_a earth_n the_o ditch_n will_v afford_v as_o aforesaid_a on_o the_o root_n of_o this_o three_o and_o last_o row_n this_o do_v cast_v up_o all_o the_o earth_n out_o of_o the_o ditch_n on_o the_o last_o earth_n make_v the_o bank_n firm_a by_o clap_v or_o beat_v the_o earth_n close_o with_o the_o spade_n upon_o this_o bank_n must_v be_v make_v a_o dead_a hedge_n so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v make_v of_o dead_a wood_n as_o bush_n or_o frith_n which_o be_v all_o sort_n of_o small_a wood_n that_o be_v not_o thorn_n this_o hedge_n be_v to_o shroud_v or_o shelter_v the_o young_a plant_n as_o also_o to_o keep_v and_o preserve_v the_o bank_n from_o be_v tread_v upon_o and_o throw_v down_o by_o cattle_n now_o in_o plant_v this_o and_o all_o such_o like_a fence_n observe_v this_o rule_n mix_v not_o your_o white_a thorn_n with_o any_o other_o plant_n for_o although_o it_o be_v and_o have_v be_v a_o general_a custom_n in_o england_n to_o have_v several_a sort_n of_o wood_n grow_v in_o hedge-row_n yet_o it_o be_v my_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o plant_v at_o first_o but_o that_o this_o island_n ancient_o be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n overgrow_v with_o wood_n of_o all_o sort_n which_o of_o late_a year_n have_v be_v otherwise_o improve_v and_o convert_v into_o pasture_n and_o tillage_n the_o improver_n in_o the_o make_v the_o several_a boundary_n or_o enclosure_n trouble_v not_o themselves_o to_o do_v they_o all_o anew_o of_o any_o one_o kind_n of_o stuff_n but_o in_o their_o grub_v where_o they_o stand_v convenient_a for_o such_o use_n leave_v remain_v not_o only_o the_o stem_n and_o root_n of_o tree_n but_o several_a whole_a tree_n young_a and_o old_a which_o by_o their_o lop_n or_o top_v may_v serve_v for_o necessary_a reparation_n particular_o hedgeboot_n and_o plowboot_v when_o occasion_n shall_v serve_v little_o value_v the_o substantialness_n of_o their_o fence_n for_o the_o future_a so_o they_o will_v serve_v the_o present_a necessity_n for_o i_o do_v never_o yet_o see_v a_o sufficient_a strong_a fence_n of_o white_a thorn_n which_o be_v the_o best_a of_o all_o if_o thus_o plant_v by_o itself_o where_o there_o be_v tree_n or_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o plant_n grow_v or_o mix_v with_o they_o for_o tree_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o any_o kind_n of_o thorn_n to_o grow_v up_o with_o they_o and_o if_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o enmity_n between_o thorn_n themselves_o that_o the_o white_a and_o black_a will_v not_o thrive_v together_o as_o if_o they_o natural_o bear_v a_o antipathy_n to_o each_o other_o for_o their_o colour_n sake_n we_o shall_v not_o so_o much_o wonder_n if_o we_o more_o sensible_o perceive_v it_o when_o they_o be_v intermingle_v with_o other_o kind_n and_o that_o the_o white_a and_o black_a thorn_n do_v thus_o disagree_v have_v be_v my_o observation_n for_o a_o long_a time_n in_o several_a hedge-row_n where_o at_o first_o they_o be_v join_v but_o when_o they_o come_v to_o grow_v up_o the_o white_a have_v so_o overmastered_n the_o other_o that_o they_o have_v â—uite_o decay_v and_o leave_v a_o gap_n in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o forme_o grow_v have_v render_v the_o hedge_n thin_a full_a of_o brack_n and_o insufficient_a thus_o have_v you_o my_o judgement_n for_o the_o make_n of_o a_o good_a serviceable_a and_o profitable_a fence_n for_o within_o 10_o or_o 11_o year_n after_o the_o first_o plant_n the_o thorn_n will_v be_v grow_v to_o that_o height_n and_o bigness_n that_o cut_v they_o close_o near_o the_o ground_n with_o part_n of_o the_o offal_n or_o stuff_n may_v be_v make_v a_o sufficient_a dead_a hedge_n as_o before_o mention_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o ditch_n to_o shroud_v the_o second_o growth_n of_o the_o thorn_n and_o underwood_n it_o be_v suppose_v the_o young_a timber-tree_n will_v by_o that_o time_n be_v grow_v to_o the_o height_n and_o greatness_n they_o will_v not_o want_v the_o hedge_n to_o shelter_v they_o this_o first_o cut_v of_o the_o thorn_n hedge_n will_v cause_v the_o next_o growth_n to_o come_v more_o thick_a and_o make_v the_o fence_n much_o more_o strong_a than_o before_o the_o overplus_n of_o the_o offal_n which_o will_v be_v considerable_a may_v be_v make_v into_o brush_n faggot_n good_a for_o brew_v bake_v or_o be_v sell_v or_o use_v to_o make_v or_o mend_v other_o fence_n now_o the_o second_o cut_v of_o the_o quick_a or_o thorn_n hedge_n aforesaid_a you_o may_v begin_v soon_o than_o the_o first_o as_o within_z 8_o or_o 9_o year_n if_o the_o quicksets_a or_o plant_n do_v well_o thrive_v which_o they_o will_v the_o better_a do_v if_o you_o observe_v these_o rule_n follow_v first_o let_v the_o plant_n be_v well_o weed_v the_o first_o second_o and_o three_o year_n after_o plant_v second_o observe_v that_o they_o all_o grow_v alike_o and_o where_o they_o fail_v plant_v new_a plant_n in_o the_o vacant_a place_n which_o must_v be_v do_v betimes_o before_o the_o other_o plant_n grow_v too_o big_a for_o in_o dig_v or_o open_v the_o ground_n to_o set_v or_o put_v in_o the_o new_a plant_n you_o may_v cut_v break_v or_o bruise_v the_o root_n of_o the_o old_a which_o be_v hurtful_a or_o the_o root_n of_o the_o old_a be_v grow_v great_a and_o enter_v deep_a into_o the_o ground_n will_v so_o draw_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o they_o downward_o below_o the_o reach_n of_o the_o root_n of_o new_o young_a plant_n that_o they_o will_v thereby_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v starve_v or_o by_o over_o top_v they_o beside_o the_o keep_n away_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o they_o they_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o drop_v continual_o upon_o their_o cut_n or_o wound_n and_o so_o quite_o destroy_v they_o as_o for_o the_o plant_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o wood_n in_o hedg-row_n it_o be_v only_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o lop_v and_o shread_v of_o the_o say_a tree_n and_o regard_v not_o the_o strength_n and_o goodness_n of_o the_o fence_n for_o although_o by_o plash_v the_o bough_n of_o tree_n lay_v they_o along_o the_o hedge_n or_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o ditch_n deer_n and_o horse_n or_o such_o like_a cattle_n may_v be_v keep_v from_o leap_v over_o yet_o it_o be_v very_o weak_a to_o keep_v out_o swine_n or_o small_a cattle_n from_o creep_v under_o first_o because_o those_o bough_n can_v be_v lay_v very_o close_o and_o second_o they_o have_v not_o prickle_n or_o thorn_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v a_o guard_n against_o such_o a_o enemy_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o many_o man_n that_o plant_v tree_n in_o hedge-row_n do_v
in_o other_o ground_n else_o sell_v or_o bestow_v on_o your_o neighbour_n the_o plant_n which_o be_v leave_v must_v be_v remove_v and_o plant_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o plot_n this_o perform_v you_o will_v have_v remain_v 2560_o plant_n and_o you_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o alder_n and_o withey_n be_v not_o plant_v by_o seed_n but_o set_v or_o plant_n the_o ash_n chesnut_n alder_n and_o withey_n will_v serve_v for_o hop-pole_n the_o oak_n and_o have_v be_v the_o slow_a and_o small_a of_o growth_n and_o not_o useful_a for_o pole_n but_o for_o hoop_n and_o hurdle_n for_o sheep-pen_n and_o such_o like_a the_o chestnut_n ash_n and_o withey_n be_v likewise_o very_o good_a to_o make_v hoop_n for_o wet_a and_o dry_a cask_n as_o brewer_n grocer_n soap-boiler_n and_o many_o more_o trade_n now_o also_o all_o these_o will_v make_v many_o necessary_a implement_n of_o husbandry_n as_o ladder_n rail_n plow-stuff_n and_o handle_n for_o many_o tool_n beside_o fire_v the_o chestnut_n be_v special_a good_a timber_n for_o building_n and_o many_o other_o use_n also_o the_o oak_n and_o ash_n therefore_o there_o may_v be_v 20_o of_o these_o preserve_v to_o grow_v for_o great_a tree_n to_o make_v the_o great_a profit_n of_o this_o copice_n grove_n or_o under-wood_n be_v to_o keep_v it_o clean_o from_o all_o bush_n bramble_n and_o other_o wood_n which_o it_o may_v be_v subject_a unto_o if_o any_o old_a root_n of_o tree_n be_v in_o or_o near_o the_o ground_n also_o if_o any_o seed_n as_o acorn_n ashen_n key_n beech-mast_n slow_v and_o such_o like_v be_v bring_v in_o and_o scatter_a by_o rook_n and_o crow_n among_o the_o long_a grass_n or_o plant_n else_o by_o squirrel_n field-rat_n or_o mouse_n and_o hide_v in_o the_o ground_n or_o under_o root_n of_o tree_n or_o plant_n for_o if_o any_o of_o these_o seed_n be_v suffer_v to_o grow_v they_o will_v be_v encumbrance_n and_o much_o hinder_v those_o that_o be_v right_o plant_v these_o thing_n be_v observe_v and_o that_o you_o keep_v the_o plant_n clean_o by_o well_a weed_n about_o ten_o year_n after_o the_o plant_n this_o copice_n or_o grove_n may_v be_v fell_v and_o every_o sort_n of_o wood_n convert_v to_o their_o proper_a use_n as_o hop-pole_n hoop_n and_o other_o necessary_n of_o husbandry_n which_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n more_o particular_o hereafter_o to_o mention_v now_o in_o fell_v this_o wood_n be_v sure_a you_o cut_v it_o smooth_a and_o close_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o after_o the_o stuff_n be_v sell_v and_o dispose_v of_o be_v careful_a to_o cleanse_v the_o ground_n of_o all_o chip_n spray_n and_o small_a stick_n also_o see_v that_o you_o make_v the_o fence_n firm_a and_o strong_a that_o no_o cattle_n get_v in_o to_o tread_v on_o break_v or_o bruise_v the_o stock_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o when_o the_o sap_n put_v forth_o new_a shoot_v that_o they_o be_v not_o crop_v or_o bite_v which_o do_v not_o only_o hurt_v and_o spoil_v the_o crop_n for_o the_o next_o season_n of_o cut_v but_o be_v very_o hurtful_a unto_o the_o stock_n if_o you_o be_v careful_a to_o prevent_v these_o evil_n about_o 8_o year_n after_o the_o first_o cut_v you_o may_v cut_v again_o and_o then_o will_v there_o be_v all_o sort_n of_o stuff_n four_o or_o five_o for_o one_o that_o you_o have_v at_o first_o cut_v about_o 8_o year_n after_o this_o second_o fell_v it_o may_v be_v cut_v again_o and_o then_o the_o increase_n will_v be_v 7_o or_o 8_o fold_n thus_o will_v your_o wood_n increase_v unto_o a_o hundred_o year_n although_o not_o in_o quantity_n yet_o in_o goodness_n and_o greatness_n so_o that_o this_o acre_n of_o land_n shall_v be_v worth_a 10_o acre_n of_o the_o best_a wood_n land_n that_o be_v of_o its_o own_o grow_v or_o at_o a_o near_a distance_n plant_v and_o cumber_v with_o bush_n or_o other_o wood_n but_o little_a better_o now_o if_o you_o will_v plant_v a_o acre_n of_o land_n with_o oak_n elm_n beech_n and_o ash_n at_o a_o perch_n distance_n then_o may_v you_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o land_n for_o other_o use_n and_o preserve_v the_o plant_n in_o grow_v about_o 40_o year_n after_o plant_v you_o may_v fell_v or_o cut_v down_o the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o wood_n take_v the_o middle_a tree_n throughout_o the_o ground_n some_o of_o they_o may_v serve_v for_o small_a building_n also_o for_o lath_n other_o to_o make_v axe_n for_o cart_n also_o fellow_n and_o spoke_n for_o wheel_n tree-nail_n for_o build_a ship_n the_o elm_n stuff_n may_v be_v of_o use_n for_o ship_n also_o for_o the_o millwright_n and_o to_o make_v nave_n for_o wheel_n if_o not_o too_o small_a the_o ash_n for_o broad_a hoop_n for_o cooper_n set-work_n great_a vessel_n and_o fat_n be_v for_o brewer_n oar_n for_o boat_n useful_a piece_n for_o blow_n and_o cart_n and_o many_o more_o necessary_a use_n beside_o fire_v but_o if_o these_o tree_n appoint_v to_o be_v cut_v down_o may_v grow_v 40_o or_o 50_o year_n long_o than_o they_o may_v be_v convert_v to_o several_a use_n beside_o the_o last_o mention_v as_o for_o the_o build_n small_a ship_n tree-nail_n of_o all_o size_n plank_n inch-board_n quarter-board_n quarter_n bowl_n tray_n dish_n trencher_n and_o such_o like_a have_v discourse_v of_o sow_v set_v and_o plant_v seed_n and_o young_a plant_n for_o timber-tree_n and_o underwood_n in_o copice_n grove_n or_o spring_n ground_n we_o shall_v now_o proceed_v and_o give_v our_o advice_n for_o the_o transplant_n tree_n of_o great_a age_n and_o growth_n it_o be_v no_o certain_a rule_n to_o judge_v the_o age_n of_o a_o timber-tree_n by_o its_o bulk_n or_o greatness_n of_o body_n for_o there_o be_v many_o hollow_a tree_n and_o other_o not_o hollow_a yet_o unsound_a all_o of_o they_o much_o great_a in_o the_o girt_n or_o body_n than_o sound_a thrive_a tree_n which_o be_v twice_o the_o age_n of_o those_o great_a imperfect_a tree_n and_o worth_a five_o time_n the_o value_n again_o there_o be_v young_a tree_n call_v sucker_n that_o grow_v out_o of_o the_o root_n of_o old_a tree_n which_o both_o hinder_v their_o own_o and_o the_o other_o growth_n because_o the_o root_n be_v not_o able_a to_o maintain_v both_o so_o that_o a_o plant_v well_o plant_v and_o thrive_a will_v be_v a_o great_a tree_n and_o of_o better_a use_n and_o profit_n at_o 30_o year_n growth_n than_o those_o sucker_n will_v be_v at_o 50_o but_o if_o such_o sucker_n be_v take_v off_o in_o time_n and_o plant_v there_o will_v be_v a_o double_a profit_n for_o the_o tree_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v take_v will_v the_o better_o thrive_v and_o also_o the_o plant_n may_v grow_v to_o be_v a_o great_a tree_n three_o there_o be_v tree_n that_o grow_v out_o of_o or_o from_o among_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n that_o have_v be_v cut_v down_o many_o year_n the_o root_n of_o these_o young_a tree_n be_v much_o twist_v about_o and_o entangle_v among_o the_o other_o although_o dead_a yet_o as_o we_o have_v say_v former_o every_o touch_n either_o of_o bough_n or_o root_n be_v hurtful_a therefore_o such_o tree_n be_v much_o hinder_v in_o their_o growth_n and_o thrive_a also_o all_o tree_n that_o grow_v in_o hedge-row_n or_o thicket_n what_o ever_o the_o wood_n be_v as_o thorn_n or_o other_o wood_n such_o tree_n can_v thrive_v or_o be_v long_o live_v four_o some_o tree_n there_o be_v that_o grow_v and_o thrive_v for_o thirty_o or_o 40_o year_n and_o then_o be_v at_o a_o stand_v many_o year_n after_o which_o time_n they_o thrive_v again_o but_o general_o decay_v and_o die_v the_o reason_n be_v from_o some_o stoppage_n or_o obstruction_n within_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o root_n of_o those_o tree_n meet_v with_o as_o either_o some_o great_a land_n spring_n or_o current_n of_o water_n under_o ground_n or_o hard_o hungry_a gravel_n rock_n of_o stone_n quarreys_n of_o slate_n chalk_n and_o such_o like_a which_o the_o root_n of_o those_o tree_n do_v not_o reach_v unto_o until_o such_o a_o time_n of_o growth_n now_o if_o the_o current_n of_o water_n alter_v its_o course_n and_o the_o rock_n or_o quarreys_n be_v not_o great_a but_o that_o the_o root_n grow_v beyond_o they_o or_o through_o some_o cleft_n then_o such_o tree_n may_v thrive_v again_o although_o it_o have_v be_v say_v that_o the_o age_n of_o a_o tree_n can_v be_v judge_v by_o its_o bulk_n or_o greatness_n yet_o of_o those_o tree_n that_o have_v not_o be_v lop_v or_o remove_v you_o may_v know_v their_o age_n by_o reckon_v from_o the_o root_n up_o to_o the_o top_n twig_n every_o year_n growth_n be_v distinguish_v from_o other_o by_o a_o knot_n if_o the_o tree_n be_v not_o above_o 20_o year_n old_a yet_o this_o be_v not_o a_o certain_a rule_n for_o all_o tree_n the_o knot_n of_o some_o of_o they_o be_v not_o
hundred_o and_o 41_o set_v and_o at_o 2_o shilling_n 6_o penny_n the_o hundred_o they_o come_v to_o 160_o pound_n 16_o shilling_n 1_o farthing_n the_o charge_n of_o plant_v and_o weed_n the_o set_v as_o they_o have_v be_v value_v before_o be_v 300_o pound_n the_o total_a charge_n to_o plant_v a_o thousand_o acre_n of_o land_n equal_o with_o set_v or_o plant_n at_o a_o perch_n distance_n amount_v to_o 1546_o pound_n 14_o shilling_n 5_o penny_n half_a penny_n but_o if_o the_o say_v several_a sort_n of_o plant_n be_v equal_o plant_v allow_v only_o one_o single_a plant_n at_o this_o last_o distance_n before_o mention_v the_o land_n then_o will_v take_v up_o of_o oak_n ash_n beech_n or_o elm_n 32160_o single_a plant_n of_o each_o sort_n which_o amount_v in_o the_o whole_a for_o the_o 4_o several_a kind_n to_o 128640_o single_a plant_n or_o 1286_o hundred_o and_o 40_o plant_n and_o at_o 18_o penny_n the_o hundred_o they_o come_v to_o 96_o pound_n 9_o shilling_n 7_o penny_n farthing_n of_o chesnut_n plant_n 32161_o or_o 321_o hundred_o and_o 61_o plant_n and_o at_o 2_o shilling_n 6_o penny_n the_o hundred_o they_o come_v to_o 40_o pound_n 4_o shilling_n 2_o farthing_n the_o charge_n for_o set_v and_o weed_n these_o single_a plant_n have_v before_o be_v value_v at_o 125_o pound_n wheat_n now_o at_o this_o distance_n there_o may_v be_v 2_o bushel_n and_o a_o half_a of_o wheat_n sow_v between_o the_o plant_n on_o every_o acre_n of_o land_n than_o the_o thousand_o acre_n will_v take_v up_o 2500_o bushel_n and_o at_o 5_o shilling_n the_o bushel_n come_v to_o 625_o pound_n the_o charge_n for_o weed_n the_o wheat_n at_o 4_o penny_n the_o acre_n come_v to_o 16_o pound_n 13_o shilling_n 4_o penny_n the_o charge_n of_o reap_v the_o wheat_n gather_v the_o gripe_v bind_v the_o sheaf_n and_o carry_v the_o corn_n into_o the_o barn_n be_v value_v because_o this_o crop_n or_o increase_n be_v more_o than_o that_o sow_v in_o the_o last_o or_o three_o distance_n at_o 7_o shilling_n the_o acre_n and_o come_v to_o 350_o pound_n the_o charge_n of_o thrash_v and_o winnow_v the_o wheat_n value_v at_o 10_o shilling_n the_o load_n contain_v 40_o bushel_n and_o reckon_a 25_o bushel_n the_o increase_n or_o to_o grow_v on_o every_o acre_n of_o land_n come_v to_o 312_o pound_n 10_o shilling_n the_o charge_n in_o transport_v the_o say_a wheat_n to_o market_n at_o 5_o shilling_n the_o load_n come_v to_o 156_o pound_n 5_o shilling_n the_o total_a charge_n of_o sow_v the_o land_n with_o wheat_n between_o the_o plant_n at_o this_o distance_n amount_v to_o 1460_o pound_n 8_o shilling_n 4_o penny_n the_o total_a charge_n equal_o to_o plant_v with_o single_a set_v of_o oak_n ash_n beech_n elm_n and_o chestnut_n at_o 18_o foot_n distance_n also_o plough_v hack_v harrow_n and_o sow_v the_o land_n between_o the_o plant_n with_o wheat_n and_o all_o other_o charge_n about_o plant_n and_o corn_n amount_v to_o 2422_o pound_n 1_o shilling_n 11_o penny_n 3_o farthing_n you_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o where_o we_o speak_v of_o plant_v for_o uunder-wood_n or_o sow_v corn_n the_o whole_a enclosure_n of_o land_n be_v to_o be_v plough_v and_o the_o charge_n of_o plough_v hack_v sow_v and_o harrow_n be_v charge_v in_o every_o total_a account_n of_o plant_v seed_n or_o set_v for_o tree_n or_o under-wood_n the_o five_o distance_n the_o five_o and_o last_o distance_n which_o we_o intend_v to_o treat_v of_o concern_v plough_v and_o plant_v seed_n and_o plant_n be_v two_o perch_n contain_v 12_o yard_n or_o 36_o foot_n seed_n and_o set_v thus_o plant_v will_v not_o have_v only_o the_o benefit_n of_o air_n and_o sun_n and_o much_o earth_n for_o the_o sap_n to_o put_v forth_o their_o root_n in_o but_o save_o labour_n and_o cost_n and_o prevent_v many_o casualty_n in_o transplant_n a_o thousand_o acre_n plant_v according_a to_o former_a direction_n that_o be_v in_o a_o plot_n of_o ground_n 4_o foot_n square_a at_o this_o distance_n you_o may_v set_v 4_o seed_n the_o land_n will_v then_o take_v up_o of_o acorn_n 161604_o or_o 25_o bushel_n 1_o peck_n and_o 4_o acorn_n and_o at_o 2_o shilling_n the_o bushel_n they_o come_v to_o 2_o pound_n 10_o shilling_n of_o ashen-key_n 1_o bushel_n 5_o gallon_n 3_o pint_n and_o a_o half_a and_o 354_o single_a seed_n and_o at_o 12_o penny_n the_o bushel_n they_o come_v to_o 1_o shilling_n 8_o penny_n of_o beech-mast_n 2_o bushel_n 3_o quart_n half_a a_o pint_n and_o 204_o single_a seed_n and_o at_o 3_o shilling_n the_o bushel_n they_o come_v to_o 6_o shilling_n 1_o penny_n 3_o farthing_n of_o chestnut_n 1616_o hundred_o and_o 4_o nut_n and_o at_o 2_o penny_n the_o hundred_o they_o come_v 13_o pound_n 9_o shilling_n 4_o penny_n the_o charge_n of_o set_v the_o seed_n at_o this_o distance_n may_v reasonable_o amount_v to_o 6_o penny_n the_o acre_n and_o in_o the_o whole_a come_v to_o 25_o pound_n the_o weed_n of_o the_o plant_n be_v worth_a 12_o penny_n the_o acre_n and_o come_v to_o 50_o pound_n the_o total_a charge_n to_o plant_v with_o acorn_n at_o this_o distance_n amount_v to_o 777_o pound_n 10_o shilling_n the_o total_a charge_n to_o plant_v with_o ashen-key_n amount_v to_o 775_o pound_n 1_o shilling_n 8_o penny_n the_o total_a to_o plant_v with_o the_o beech_n seed_n amount_v to_o 775_o pound_n 6_o shilling_n 1_o penny_n 3_o farthing_n the_o total_a to_o plant_v with_o chestnut_n amount_v to_o 788_o pound_n 9_o shilling_n 4_o penny_n and_o if_o all_o these_o several_a sort_n of_o seed_n be_v equal_o plant_v the_o land_n will_v take_v up_o of_o acorn_n 40401_o or_o 6_o bushel_n 1_o peck_n 2_o quart_n and_o 1_o acorn_n and_o at_o 2_o shilling_n the_o bushel_n come_v to_o 12_o shilling_n 7_o penny_n half_a penny_n of_o beech-mast_n 5_o gallon_n and_o 401_o single_a seed_n and_o at_o 3_o shilling_n the_o bushel_n they_o come_v to_o 1_o shilling_n 10_o penny_n 2_o farthing_n of_o ashen-key_n 3_o gallon_n 1_o quart_n 3_o quarter_n of_o a_o pint_n and_o 276_o single_a seed_n and_o at_o 12_o penny_n the_o bushel_n they_o come_v to_o 5_o penny_n of_o chestnut_n 404_o hundred_o and_o 1_o nut_n and_o at_o 2_o penny_n the_o hundred_o they_o come_v to_o 3_o pound_n 7_o shilling_n 4_o penny_n the_o total_a charge_n to_o plant_v with_o the_o 4_o several_a sort_n of_o seed_n equal_o plant_v amount_v to_o 779_o pound_n 2_o shilling_n 3_o penny_n now_o if_o this_o land_n be_v plant_v with_o set_v according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o seed_n than_o it_o will_v take_v up_o of_o oak_n ash_n beech_n and_o elm_n plant_n of_o each_o or_o either_o of_o they_o 161604_o single_a set_v or_o 1616_o hundred_o and_o 4_o set_v and_o at_o 18_o penny_n the_o hundred_o they_o come_v to_o 121_o pound_n 4_o shilling_n 2_o farthing_n of_o chesnut_n set_v 1616_o hundred_o and_o 4_o set_v and_o at_o 2_o shilling_n 6_o penny_n the_o hundred_o come_v to_o 202_o pound_n 1_o penny_n the_o plant_v all_o the_o say_v set_v at_o this_o distance_n be_v worth_a 12_o penny_n the_o acre_n and_o come_v to_o 50_o pound_n the_o weed_n these_o plant_n be_v also_o worth_a 12_o penny_n the_o acre_n and_o come_v to_o 50_o pound_n the_o total_a to_o plant_v at_o this_o distance_n with_o oak_n ash_n beech_n and_o elm_n set_v amount_n to_o 921_o pound_n 4_o shilling_n 2_o farthing_n the_o total_a to_o plant_v with_o chesnut_n set_v amount_n to_o 1002_o pound_n 1_o penny_n and_o if_o all_o these_o several_a sort_n of_o plant_n be_v equal_o plant_v in_o the_o say_a quantity_n of_o acre_n than_o the_o land_n will_v take_v up_o of_o oak_n ash_n beech_n or_o elm_n of_o each_o sort_n 32321_o single_a set_v of_o they_o altogether_o 129284_o single_a set_v or_o 1292_o hundred_o and_o 84_o set_v and_o at_o 18_o penny_n the_o hundred_o they_o come_v to_o 96_o pound_n 19_o shilling_n 2_o penny_n of_o chesnut_n set_v 32320_o single_a set_n or_o 323_o hundred_o and_o 20_o set_v and_o at_o a_o shilling_n 6_o penny_n the_o hundred_o come_v to_o 40_o pound_n 8_o shilling_n the_o charge_n for_o plant_v and_o weed_n as_o above_o come_v to_o 100_o pound_n the_o total_a charge_n equal_o to_o plant_v the_o 5_o several_a sort_n of_o plant_n amount_n to_o 937_o pound_n 7_o shilling_n 2_o penny_n but_o if_o at_o this_o distance_n you_o plant_v only_o 1_o single_a set_v than_o the_o land_n will_v take_v up_o either_o of_o oak_n ash_n beech_n or_o elm_n 40401_o single_a set_v or_o 404_o hundred_o and_o 1_o set_v and_o at_o 18_o penny_n the_o hundred_o they_o come_v to_o 30_o pound_n 6_o shilling_n of_o the_o chestnut_n 40401_o single_a set_v or_o 404_o hundred_o and_o 1_o set_v and_o at_o 2_o shilling_n 6_o penny_n the_o hundred_o they_o come_v to_o 50_o