Selected quad for the lemma: earth_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
earth_n	air_n	heaven_n	see_v	2,778	5	3.5056	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A85532	The Antiquity & excellency of globes. What a globe is, and of the circles without the globe, what the horizon is with the things described thereon, also what the meridian is, the poles, axes, houre circle and index. Moreover of the circles which are described on the supersicies of the globes; of the equinoctiall circle, zodiack, and eccliptick, of the tropicks, what the artick and antartick circles are; of the verticall circles, and quadrant of latitude, of the zones and their numbers of climates and paralels. All which are proper to the celestiall and terrestriall globes, with their uses, profitable for all that would be instructed in geography.		1653 (1653)	Wing G1524; Thomason E689_27; ESTC R206953	18,791	33

these Zones remaine almost unhabitable and even as the word is frozen The names of all these set in the right place of each Zone you shall see in that Meridian going about America and Magellanica Of the Climates IN that great meridian going about Europe Asia and Africa are described the Climates Now a Climate is a space of the Earth included within the space of two Parellels The use of them is to shew the difference of length and shortnesse of dayes over all the world as you may see in the midst of every climate set the number of the houres of the longest day in the year under that Climate the longest day in one Climate differing halfe an hour from the longest in another so that there are four and twenty Climates consisting of forty eight Parallels ere the day come to be twenty foure hours in length which is twelve houres longer then the ordinary Aequinoctiall day is Now this is to be understood Under the Aequinoctiall line and thirteen degrees that is three Parallels on either side thereof the dayes exceed not the length of twelve hours but after in every Clime increase the length of halfe an houre so that there are numbred as is said before 48 Parallels which make twenty four Climates before the dayes become twenty foure houres long the which length they being grown to their increase is then by whole weeks and months till in the four twentieth Clime about the Pole the day is full halfe a year long And it is thus between the equator and the North Pole so it is between the said Aequator and South Pole wherfore there are 2 sorts of Climes that is 24 Northerne and as many Southerne The Climates Northward are thus named the first is Dia Meroes because the middle Parallel thereof passes through the middest of the Inland Island Meroe in the Continent of Africa the second is Dia Sienes the third Dia Alexandrias the fourth Dia Rhodos the fifth Dia Romes the sixth Dia Ponton the seventh Dia Boristhenes the eighth Dia Ripheos the ninth Per Dianam The South Climes hath the same names save only that the word Anti is thereunto added as Anti Dia Meroes the next Anti Dia Sienes and so along to the ninth Southward further then the ninth Clime on either side the Aequinoctiall they are not named but yet the Climes run on both wayes to the number of twenty four as is seen in the Meridian That there be but nine named the reason is because when these names were given no more then nine Climats were knowne to those of ancient times but since though the number of them be increased to twenty four the rest are not knowne by proper names but remaine innominate In the two opposite poynts of this Meridian are fastned the two ends of an iron pin passing through the body of the Globe and its centre one of which ends is called the Artick or North pole of the world and the other the Antartick or South Pole and the pin it selfe is called the Axis for the Axis of the world is the Diamiter about which it is turned and the extreame ends of the Axis are called the Poles To either of these Poles when need shall require there is a certaine brasse Circle or ring to be fastned which Circle is divided into twenty four equall parts according to the number of the hours day and night and it is therefore called the houre Circle and this Circle is to be applyed to either of the Poles in such sort as that the section where twelve is described may precisely agree with the points of midday and midnight in the superficies of the true Meridian There is also another little pinne to be fastned to the end of the Axis in the very Center of the howre Circle this pin is so made as it turns about and poynteth to every of the twenty four sections in the hour Circle according as the Globe it selfe is moved about so that you may place the point of it to what houre you please The use of this hour-circle and Index is to denote the houres of the rising and setting of the Sun and other stars which must be pactised after this manner First you mnst set the Globe to your elevation or pole and then apply the degree of the signe in which the Sun at that time is to the Meridian and the Index to that 12 houres which is uppermost and so having thus done you must turne the Globe about till the degree wherein the Sun is come to the Easterne side of the Horizon which done the Index will point out the houre of his rising and if you turne it about to the West side you shall in like manner have the howre of his setting There is also belonging to the Meridian a quadrant of Altitude being made of a long thin plate of steel or brasse and fashioned crooked so that it may be applyed to the convexe superficies of the Globe And having the fourth part of the Circle in length and this Quadrant is made in such sort as that it may be fastned on the Meridian and so be applyed to the Zenith of any place whatsoever being divided from one end to the other into 90 equall parts or degrees There is besides at the foot of the Globe a Marriners Compasse placed which serves to shew how to place the Globe rightly according to the four winds or quarters of the world Besides these circles expressed in the Globe there are also some certaine other circles in familiar use with the Practicall Astronomers which they call verticall Circles these are greater Circles drawn from the verticall point through the Horizon in what number you please the office of these Circles is supplyed by the helpe of a Quadrant of altitude which is a thin plate of brasse divided into 90 degrees this Quadrant must be applyed to the vertex of any place when you desire to use it so that the lowest end of it noted with the number of 90 may just touch the Horizon in every place this Quadrant is made moveable that so it may be fastned to the verticall point of any place Of the Figure of the heavenly Orbes and Elements THe whole world is divided into two parts viz. Elementall and Etheriall or Coelestiall parts The Elementall part is four-fold viz. Earth water Aire Fire as may be seen in that round figure of the frame of the Heavens and Elements one within another the inmost and middlemost Circle containing Earth and water intermixed together the next the three Regions of the Aire and immediately above that Orbe is the Element of Fire all which you may easily discerne by their severall names in their proper places The Etheriall or Celestiall parts do compasse the Elementall part and contain the ten upper Spheares viz. 1 The Moon 2 Mercury 3 Venus 4 Sol 5 Mars 6 Jupiter 7 Saturne 8 the starry Firmament 9 the Christaline Heaven having no stars at all the 10. is the

THE ANTIQUITY EXCELLENCY Of GLOBES What a Globe is and of the Circles without the Globe what the Horizon is with the things described thereon also what the Meridian is the Poles Axes Houre circle and Index Moreover of the Circles which are described on the superficies of the Globes of the Equinoctiall Circle Zodiack and Eccliptick of the Tropicks what the Artick and Antartick Circles are of the Verticall Circles and quadrant of Latitude of the Zones and their numbers of Climates and Paralels All which are proper to the Celestiall and Terrestriall Globes with their uses profitable for all that would be instructed in Geography He stretcheth out the North over the Empty place and hangeth the Earth upon nothing Job 26.7 LONDON Printed by M. S. and are to be sold by Tho. Jenner at the South-Entrance of the Old Exchange 1652. Geographie and the Principles thereof Certaine terms of Land and Water plainly defined and described THe Terrestriall Globe is defined to be a Spherical body proportionably composed of Earth and Water into which two parts it is divided Whereof the Earth comes first to view whose parts are either Reall Imaginary and the reall parts either Continents Islands Now a Continent is a great quantity of Land not interlaced or separated by the Sea in which many Kingdomes and Principalities are contained as Europe Asia Africa America An Island called in Latine Insula quasi in salo is a part of the earth environed round with waters as Britain Java St. Laurence Isle Burmudas These again are sub-divided into Peninsula Istmus Promontorium A Peninsula is almost an Island that is a tract of Land which being almost encompassed round by water is joyned to the firme Land by some little Istmus as Poloponnesus Taurica Cymbrica and Parvana An Istmus is a little narrow neck of Land which joyneth any Peninsula to the continent as the straights of Dariene in Peru and Corinth in Greece Promontorium Is some high mountaine which shooteth it self into the Sea the utmost end of which is called a Cape as that great Cape of good hope and Cape Verde in Africa Cape Comori in Asia and that of Saint Michaels Mount in Cornwall the North Cape up in Norway and divers others There are likewise other reall parts of the earth as mountains vallies fields plaines woods and the like The other generall part of the Globe is the water which is Divided into 1 Oceanus 2 Mare 3 Fretum 4 Sinus 1 Oceanus The Ocean is that generall collection of all waters which invironeth the whole world on every side 2 Mare the Sea is part of the Ocean to which we cannot come but through some strait as Mare Mediterraneum Mare Balticum and the like These two take their names Either from the adjacent places as the British Ocean the German Sea the Atlantick Sea Or from the first discoverer as Mare Magellanicum Davis and Forbishers straits c. Or from some remarkable accident as Mare Rubrum from the red colour of the sands Mare Aegeum Pontus Euxinus and the like 3 Fretum a Srait is a part of the Ocean restrained within narrow bounds and opening-a way to the Sea as the straits of Gibralter Hellespont Anian 4 Sinus a Creek is a crooked shoar thrusting out as it were two armes to imbrace the lovely presence of the Sea as Sinus Adriaticus Sinus Persicus and Corinthiacus To this also belong Rivers Brooks and Fountains which are engendred of congealed aire in the earths concavities and seconded by the Sea-waters creeping through hidden crannies thereof Thus much of the real parts of the Globe in generall Of the Circles of the Map and their uses THe Earth and Sea composed themselves in a Sphericall figure and is caused by the proper inclination of each part which being heavy falls from every point of the circumference and claps about the center there settlers as neer as it may towards his place of rest we may ilustrate both the figure and scituation by a familiar similitude to an ingenious apprehension Suppose we a knot to be knit in the midst of a Cord that hath many ends and those to be delivered to sundry men of equall strength to be drawne severall ways round from every part above and below and on each side Questionlesse while every man draws in the boes of the knots it must needs become round and whilst they continue to pluck with equall strength it must rest immoveable in the middle betwixt them since every strength that would destroy hath a strength equall to resist it so it is in the bosome of the earth where every part wheels upon equall priviledge of nature nor can any presse farther then the center to destroy this compacted figure for it must meet there with a body that will oppose it or if not yet could it not passe since every motion from the middle were to ascend which nature will not permit in a body of weight as the whole earth is The compasse of the whole is cast by our latest and most learned to be 21600 English miles which though none ever yet so pared as to measure them by the foot yet let not the ignorant reject this accompt since the rule by which they are led cannot faile for we see by continuall experience that the Sun for every degree in the heavens gains sixty miles upon the earth towards his Circuit round and after three hundred sixty degrees returneth to the same point in respect of us as before it was repeat the number of 60 so oft and you will finde the accompt just and so by proportion of the circumference to the diamiter which is tripla sesqui-septima the same which 22 hath hath to 7. We may judge likewise of the earths thicknesse to the center The whole diamiter must by rule be somewhat lesser then a third part of the circuit that in proportion to 21600 will be 6872. halfe the number will reach the middle of the world and that is 3436 in this report both of the quantity and forme of the earth we must not require such exactnesse as cannot vary a hairs breadth for we see the mountains of the earth oftentimes the waves of the sea make the superficies unequal it will be sufficient if there be no difference sensible to be reckoned in so great a bulk for let us rudely hew a ball out of rough stone still it is a ball though not so smooth as one of Christal or suffer a mote to fall upon a sphear of glass it changeth not its figure far lesse are the mountains which we see in respect of the whole lumpe What a Globe is A Globe we define to be an Analogicall representation either of the heavens or of the earth and we call it Anagolicall not onely in regard of its forme expressing the figure of the heavens as also of the terrestriall Globe consisting of the earth it selfe together with the interflowing seas but rather because that it representeth unto us in a just proportion

and distance each particular constellation in the Heavens and every severall region and tract of ground in the earth together with certain circles both greater and lesser invented by artificers for the more ready computation of the same The greater circles we call those which divide the whole superficies of the Globe into equall parts or halfs and those the lesser which divide the same into two unequall parts Besides the body of the Globe it selfe there is also annexed a certaine frame with necessary instruments thereto belonging The Fabrick of the frame is thus first of all there is a base or foot to rest upon on which there are raised perpendicularly six pillars or columnes of equall length and distance upon the top of which there is fastned to a levell a round plate orcircle of wood which they call the Horizon because that the uppermost superficies thereof performs the office of the true Horizon for it divideth the whole Globe into 2 equal parts whereof that which was uppermost representeth unto us the visible Hemisphere and the other that which is hid from us So likewise the circle which divideth that part of the world which we see from the other which we see not is called the Horizon and that point which is directly over our heads in our Hemisphere and is on every side equadistant from the Horizon is commonly called Zenith and that point which is opposite to it in the lower Hemisphere is commonly written Nadir these two points are called also the Poles of the Horizon Furthermore upon the superficies of the Horizon in a materiall Globe there are described first the twelve signes of the Zodiack and each of these is divided againe into thirty lesser portions so that the whole horizon is divided into 360 parts which they also call degrees and every degree is divided into sixty parts also each of them is called a scruple or minute and so by the like subdivision of minutes into sixty parts will arise seconds and of these thirds and likewise fourths and fifths c. but the like partition still of each into sixty parts There is also described upon the Horizon the Roman Calender and that three severall ways to wit the ancient way which is still in use with us here in England and the new way appointed by Pope Gregory 23 wherein the Aequinoxes and Solstice were restored to the same places they were in at the time of the Celebration of the counsell of Nice and in the third the said Aequinoctiall and Solsticall points are restored to the places they were in at the time of our Saviour Christs nativity The months in the Calender are divided into dayes and weeks to which are annexed as their peculiar characters the 7 first letters of the Alphabet The innermost border of the Horizon is divided into thirty two parts according to the number of the winds which are observed by our moderne Sea-faring-men in their Navigations by which also they are wont to designe forth the quarters of the Heavens and the Coasts of Countries the names of the windes are set downe both in English and Latine in the Horizon of the materiall Globes The use of the Horizon is manifold First it divides the heavens into 2 Hemisphears Secondly it shews what stars never set and what never rise from under the earth and so likewise what stars doe both rise and set Thirdly it sheweth the cause of the equality and inequality of the artisiciall days and nights Fourthly it conduceth to the finding out of the latitude of any place Fifthly it is the cause of the rectitude and obliquity of the Sphear whereof we have occasion to speake more largely hereafter There is also let into this Horizon two notches opposite one to the other a circle of brasse making right angles with the said Horizon and placed so that it may be removed at pleasure up and down by those notches as need shall require This Circle is called the Meridian because that one side of it which is in like manner divided into 360 degrees supplyeth the office of the true Meridian Now the Meridian is one of greater circles passing through the Poles of the world and also of the Horizon to which when the Sun in his daily revolution is arrived in the upper Hemisphere it is mid-day and when it toucheth the same in the lower Hemisphear it is midnight at the place whose Meridian it is The Meridian which comes first to be considered is a great Circle compassing round the Earth from Pole to Pole and is that which you see in the circumference of both Planisphears of the Map and wherein are written the names of the Zones and Climates This chief first fixed Meridian passeth through the Islands called Azores according to the ancient Cosmographers and there are two reasons why they did there begin to reckon the longitude of the Earth First for that at that time there was no land known further to the Westerne then that place Secondly Under that Meridian the Needle in the Marriners compasse had no variation but did point directly North and South There be also many Meridians according to the divers places in which a man lives the number of them equall to so many points as may be imagined in the Globe but the usuall setting them known to view is by ten degrees asunder and are those black lines which you see in both Planisphears running downe along from the North to the South Pole The use of the Meridian is to shew the longitude of any place Now the longitude of a Region City or Cape is the distance of it East from the first great Meridian and this longitude is measured and numbred in the Aequinoctiall line by Meridians from the generall and fixed Meridian into the East and containeth the whole compasse of the Earth viz. 360. degrees To prove this by example cast your eye on London and you shall see it something to the East of the second black Meridian passe downe with that black line to the Aequinoctiall and look as much East there as London is from that Meridian above then count the degrees of the Aequinoctiall from the first great Meridian to that place and that distance is the longitude of London which you may perceive to be 20 degrees and better And the like manner of working is to be made for all other places That line full of degrees crossing both Planisphears straight along in the middle and dividing the world into two halfs viz. North and South halfs is called the Aequinoctiall line or the Aequator either because it is of equall distance from both Poles of the world or else because the Sunne comming in this Circle makes the dayes and nights throughout the world of a length which happens upon the 10. or 11. of March and the 13 or 14. of September It passes through Abassia or Prester Johns Kingdome and Manicongo in Africa through the great Island Sumatra and the Maldive Isles of Asia and in