Selected quad for the lemma: earth_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
earth_n	air_n	heaven_n	see_v	2,778	5	3.5056	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A80180	The lighting colomne or sea-mirrour containing the sea-coasts of the northern, eastern and western navigation: setting forth in divers necessarie sea-cards all the ports, rivers, bayes, roads, depths and sands ... With the discoveries of the chief countries, and on what cours and distance they lay one from another ... As also the situation of the northernly countries, as islands, the strate Davids, the isle of Ian-Mayen, Bear-Island, Old-Greenland, Spitsbergen and Nova Zembla ... Gathered out of the experience and practice of divers pilots and lovers of the famous art of navigation. By Jan van Loon. Whereunto is added a brief instruction of the art of navigation, together vvith nevv tables of the suns declination, also an almanack extending untill the yeare 1661.	Colom, Jacob Aertsz, 1599-1673.	1654 (1654)	Wing C5401A; ESTC R230954	549,120	428

the_o light_v colomne_a or_o sea-mirrour_n contain_v the_o seacoast_n of_o the_o northern_a eastern_a and_o western_a navigation_n set_v forth_o in_o divers_a necessary_a sea-card_n all_o the_o port_n river_n bay_n roads_n depth_n and_o sand_n very_o curious_o place_v on_o its_o due_a polus-heighth_n furnish_v with_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o chief_a country_n and_o on_o what_o course_n and_o distance_n they_o lie_v one_o from_o another_o never_o heretofore_o so_o clear_o lay_v open_a and_o here_o and_o there_o very_o diligent_o better_v and_o augment_v for_o the_o use_n of_o all_o seaman_n as_o also_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o northern_o country_n as_o island_n the_o strate_n david_n the_o isle_n of_o jan-mayen_n bear-island_n old-greenland_n spitsbergen_n and_o nova_n zembla_n adorn_v with_o many_o sea-card_n and_o discovery_n gather_v out_o of_o the_o experience_n and_o practice_n of_o divers_a pilot_n and_o lover_n of_o the_o famous_a art_n of_o navigation_n by_o jan_n van_n loon_n whereunto_o be_v add_v a_o brief_a instruction_n of_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n together_o with_o new_a table_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n also_o a_o almanac_n extend_v until_o the_o year_n 1661._o at_o amsterdam_n print_v by_o john_n johnson_n bookseller_n dwell_v upon_o the_o water_n in_o the_o passe-card_n 1654._o a_o shall_z rt_v instruction_n in_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n the_o art_n of_o navigation_n be_v a_o science_n by_o which_o through_o certain_a rule_n you_o may_v steer_v a_o ship_n over_o the_o sea_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o and_o be_v not_o improper_o divide_v into_o two_o part_n to_o wit_n into_o ordinary_a and_o extraordinary_a navigation_n the_o ordinary_a navigation_n use_v no_o other_o instrument_n than_o the_o compass_n and_o sound_a plummet_n as_o principal_o consist_v in_o experience_n and_o practice_n in_o knowledge_n of_o land_n and_o corner_n how_o they_o be_v different_a in_o point_n and_o distance_n and_o be_v know_v from_o the_o sea_n in_o depth_n shoal_n quality_n of_o ground_n the_o run_v and_o fall_v of_o stream_n upon_o what_o point_n the_o moon_n make_v high_a water_n in_o every_o several_a place_n &_o such_o like_o which_o in_o part_n be_v learn_v from_o the_o information_n of_o experience_a pilot_n but_o most_o out_o of_o our_o own_o experience_n extraordinary_a navigation_n use_v beside_o the_o foresay_a ordinary_a practice_n divers_a other_o private_a instrument_n and_o rule_n which_o must_v be_v take_v out_o of_o astronomy_n and_o cosmography_n it_o be_v therefore_o needful_a that_o every_o pilot_n who_o will_v use_v and_o practice_n th●s_v extraordinary_a navigation_n must_v first_o of_o all_o be_v well_o instruct_v in_o the_o principales_fw-la of_o the_o same_o art_n that_o be_v that_o he_o know_v and_o understand_v the_o proportion_n and_o devision_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o world_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n especial_o the_o eight_o four_o and_o first_o together_o with_o the_o fabric_n of_o the_o instrument_n without_o which_o knowledge_n its_o impossible_a to_o accomplish_v happy_o great_a and_o never_o before_o seek_v out_o voyage_n over_o the_o vast_a sea_n and_o see_v that_o such_o knowledge_n may_v be_v attain_v out_o of_o good_a instruction_n we_o have_v here_o set_v down_o in_o this_o tractate_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o young_a seaman_n who_o be_v desirun_v to_o be_v pilot_n as_o clear_v and_o plain_a rule_n as_o the_o shortness_n hereof_o can_v suffer_v the_o first_o point_n of_o the_o sphere_n and_o the_o divers_a motion_n thereof_o a_o sphere_n proper_o be_v call_v a_o ball_n whole_o entire_a and_o round_o who_o superficies_n and_o outside_n be_v ever●_n where_o alike_o distant_a from_o its_o centre_n by_o that_o world_n sphoera_fw-la mundi_fw-la or_o sphere_n of_o the_o world_n we_o understand_v common_o the_o whole_a ball_n of_o the_o heaven_n with_o all_o that_o be_v therein_o contain_v and_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n elementary_a &_o celestial_a the_o elementary_a part_n have_v again_o 4_o part_n the_o first_o be_v the_o earth_n which_o with_o the_o water_n as_o the_o second_o make_v a_o complete_a ball_n upon_o which_o we_o dwell_v the_o three_o be_v the_o air_n encompass_v the_o earth_n and_o the_o four_o be_v the_o fire_n which_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o philosopher_n contain_v the_o space_n which_o be_v between_o the_o air_n and_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o moon_n from_o these_o element_n which_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v always_o subject_a to_o change_n together_o with_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o heaven_n arise_v and_o perish_v by_o a_o continual_a change_n and_o alteration_n of_o the_o one_o into_o the_o other_o all_o thing_n which_o we_o see_v and_o find_v upon_o earth_n the_o celestial_a part_n contain_v within_o in_o its_o hollowness_n the_o elementarye_n be_v pure_a shine_a separate_a and_o void_a of_o all_o change_n be_v divide_v into_o 8_o spear_n or_o round_a hollow_a ball_n which_o be_v call_v heaven_n whereof_o the_o great_a always_o contain_v one_o the_o other_o in_o manner_n of_o a_o ball_n the_o seven_o low_a have_n but_o every_o one_o one_o star_n or_o planet_n whereof_o the_o first_o next_z the_o earth_n be_v the_o heaven_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o second_o of_o mercury_n the_o three_o of_o venus_n the_o four_o of_o the_o son_n the_o five_o of_o mars_n the_o six_o of_o jupiter_n the_o seven_o of_o saturn_n and_o the_o eigth_n of_o all_o the_o fix_a star_n the_o number_n of_o these_o heaven_n be_v know_v by_o their_o course_n which_o we_o see_v in_o they_o round_o about_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la the_o moon_n run_v through_o her_o heaven_n by_o her_o own_o natural_a course_n from_o west_n to_o east_n in_o 27_o day_n 8_o hour_n mercury_n venus_n and_o the_o sun_n they_o in_o a_o year_n mars_n his_o in_o two_o year_n jupiter_n his_o in_o 12_o and_o saturn_n in_o 30_o year_n the_o eight_o heaven_n perfect_v its_o own_o course_n according_a to_o the_o affirmation_n of_o tycho_n brahe_n in_o 25400_o year_n these_o heaven_n be_v turn_v about_o all_o alike_o in_o four_o and_o twenty_o houwre_n on_o the_o pole_n about_o the_o axe_n of_o the_o world_n by_o the_o nine_o heaven_n which_o be_v call_v the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n that_o be_v the_o first_o mover_n by_o which_o motion_n in_o our_o sight_n be_v cause_v day_n and_o night_n and_o the_o daily_a rise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o heavenly_a light_n the_o second_o point_n of_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o water_n together_o make_v a_o round_a globe_n appear_v not_o only_o out_o of_o experience_n very_o clear_o but_o also_o out_o part_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o earth_n in_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o whatsoever_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n the_o moon_n be_v eclipse_v or_o touch_v by_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o shadow_n seem_v always_o round_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v four_o square_a three_o corn_v or_o of_o any_o other_o form_n than_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o moon_n shall_v be_v also_o four_o square_a three_o corner_a or_o some_o other_o form_n for_o of_o what_o proportion_n any_o body_n be_v such_o also_o must_v be_v the_o shadow_n thereof_o and_o see_v therefore_o that_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v always_o and_o on_o all_o side_n round_o the_o earth_n itself_o must_v alsoo_o be_v necessaril_o round_o that_o the_o heaven_n be_v round_o we_o mark_v from_o the_o eye_n but_o be_v most_o clear_o perceive_v from_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o heavenly_a light_n as_o of_o the_o son_n moon_n and_o star_n the_o three_o point_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o world_n that_o the_o earth_n stand_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o world_n may_v clear_o be_v understand_v by_o what_o be_v hereafter_o speak_v for_o if_o so_o be_v that_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n stand_v not_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o world_n but_o that_o the_o heaven_n be_v near_a it_o on_o one_o side_n it_o will_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o star_n in_o their_o daily_a course_n shall_v be_v near_o on_o one_o side_n of_o the_o earth_n then_o on_o the_o other_o and_o by_o that_o mean_n shall_v appear_v to_o our_o sight_n to_o be_v great_a on_o one_o side_n of_o the_o earth_n then_o on_o the_o other_o likewise_o if_o that_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n next_o to_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o boveus_n we_o shall_v then_o see_v less_o than_o half_a of_o the_o heaven_n according_a to_o instruction_n of_o the_o first_o figure_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a when_o that_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n far_o from_o we_o be_v above_o we_o we_o shall_v then_o see_v more_o than_o half_a of_o the_o heaven_n according_a to_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o second_o figure_n but_o stand_v upon_o the_o flat_a side_n

of_o the_o globe_n we_o see_v the_o star_n as_o well_o on_o the_o one_o side_n as_o on_o the_o other_o in_o whatsoever_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o it_o be_v always_o of_o one_o greatness_n and_o it_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o we_o always_o see_v the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o other_o half_o be_v hide_v from_o our_o eye_n from_o thence_o it_o appear_v plain_o according_a to_o the_o expression_n in_o the_o three_o figure_n that_o the_o earth_n stand_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o world_n from_o thence_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v mark_v that_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v no_o more_o to_o be_v liken_v by_o the_o heaven_n than_o a_o point_n without_o thickness_n for_o if_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o thickness_n in_o respect_n of_o heaven_n we_o shall_v stand_v upon_o the_o earth_n by_o that_o reason_n not_o see_v half_a of_o the_o heaven_n according_a to_o demonstration_n of_o the_o 4_o figure_n the_o four_o point_n of_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o earth_n although_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v say_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o extraordinary_a wideness_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o point_n nevertheless_o in_o respect_n of_o its_o self_n it_o be_v a_o great_a body_n have_v in_o its_o compass_n 5400_o dutch_a mile_n and_o that_o be_v know_v by_o this_o mean_n if_o you_o divide_v the_o whole_a circle_n of_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o 360_o part_n or_o degree_n and_o we_o find_v as_o well_o by_o navigation_n as_o by_o measure_v of_o land_n that_o such_o a_o degree_n or_o part_n contain_v fifteen_o such_o dutch_a miles_n 360_o such_o part_n be_v multiply_v by_o fifteen_o make_v out_o 5400_o duth_o mile_n the_o five_o point_n of_o the_o axis_n and_o pole_n or_o axepoint_n of_o the_o world_n in_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o world_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v a_o line_n go_v from_o one_o point_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o sphere_n as_o a_o diameter_n through_o the_o centre_n to_o another_o point_n right_o against_o it_o on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o line_n be_v call_v the_o axis_n and_o the_o outermost-end_n thereof_o or_o the_o foresay_a point_n the_o pole_n or_o axepoint_n of_o the_o world_n the_o one_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o be_v call_v the_o northern_a pole_n and_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o south_n call_v the_o southern_a pole_n upon_o which_o pole_n it_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o sphere_n be_v upon_o its_o axletree_n daily_o turn_v the_o demonstrastion_n the_o line_n a.g.b._n in_o this_o figure_n go_v from_o the_o point_n a_o through_o the_o centre_n g_o as_o a_o diameter_n to_o the_o point_n b_o right_n against_o it_o show_v the_o axel_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o point_n a_o and_o b_o the_o pole_n a_o to_o the_o north_n the_o northern_a and_o b_o to_o the_o south_n the_o southern_a pole_n the_o six_o point_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_a line_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o heaven_n every_o where_o equal_o distant_a from_o both_o the_o pole_n be_v imagine_v a_o great_a circle_n divide_v the_o whole_a sphere_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n which_o be_v call_v the_o aequinoctial_a because_o when_o the_o son_n come_v to_o or_o under_o that_o circle_n which_o come_v to_o pass_v the_o 21_o of_o march_n and_o the_o 23_o of_o september_n the_o day_n and_o night_n be_v in_o all_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o a_o equal_a length_n the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o circle_n be_v profitable_a above_o all_o thing_n in_o navigation_n to_o know_v thereby_o how_o far_o we_o go_v either_o to_o the_o northwards_o or_o southwards_o upon_o earth_n thereby_o also_o be_v reckon_v the_o time_n and_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n the_o declination_n of_o the_o sonn_n and_o star_n and_o more_o other_o profitable_a thing_n demonstration_n in_o the_o forego_n figure_n a_o and_o b_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n c_o d_o e_o f_o be_v the_o equinoctial_a line_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o heaven_n equal_o distant_a from_o both_o the_o pole_n a_o and_o b_o divide_v the_o whole_a sphere_n a_o c_o b_o e_o into_o two_o equal_a part_n as_o c_o a_o e_z the_o northern_a and_o c_o b_o e_o the_o southern_a part_n from_o hence_o be_v to_o be_v note_v see_v that_o the_o whole_a compass_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v divide_v into_o 360_o degree_n that_o the_o pole_n stand_v from_o one_o another_o 180_o degree_n and_o between_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o aequinoctial_a remain_v every_o where_n on_o both_o side_n 90_o degree_n this_o line_n be_v mark_v in_o the_o sea-card_n with_o a_o red_a line_n from_o east_n to_o west_n through_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o degree_n according_a as_o they_o be_v reckon_v as_o well_o towards_o the_o north_n as_o to_o the_o south_n the_o seven_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a line_n the_o ecliptic_a line_n lie_v awry_o over_o the_o equinoctial_a devide_v it_o in_o two_o point_n right_o over_o against_o one_o another_o in_o two_o equal_a part_n and_o be_v also_o divide_v by_o it_o in_o two_o equal_a part_n the_o one_o lie_v between_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o the_o north_n pole_n the_o other_o between_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o the_o south_n pole_n it_o be_v great_a declination_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o equinoctaill_n towards_o both_o the_o pole_n be_v 23_o degree_n 31½_n minute_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o equal_a part_n and_o to_o each_o of_o they_o a_o several_a sign_n apply_v the_o son_n go_v alongst_o this_o circle_n without_o ever_o go_v out_o of_o it_o and_o run_v through_o it_o with_o its_o own_o natural_a course_n every_o year_n once_o and_o even_o as_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n stand_v every_o where_o alike_o distant_a from_o the_o equinoctial_a even_o so_o have_v the_o ecliptic_a alsoo_o its_o two_o pole_n every_o be_v alike_o distant_a from_o the_o same_o demonstration_n in_o this_o figure_n as_o before_o be_v say_v a_o b_o be_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n c_o d_o e_o f_o the_o equinoctial_a g_o d_o h_o f_o the_o ecliptic_a line_n cut_v and_o divide_v the_o equinoctial_a and_o its_o self_n alsoo_o into_o two_o equal_a part_n in_o the_o points_z d_o and_o f_o which_o we_o call_v the_o equinoctial_a the_o one_o at_o d_o the_o spring_n equinoctial_a the_o other_o at_o f_o the_o autumn_n equinoctial_a the_o one_o half_n d_o h_o f_o the_o northern_a part_n lie_v between_o the_o equinoctial_a d_o e_z f_o and_o a_o the_o north_n pole_n at_o most_o decline_v towards_o f_o h_n 23_o degree_n and_o 31_o 2_o minute_n the_o other_o half_a f_o g_o d_o the_o southern_a part_n lie_v between_o the_o equinoctial_a f_o c_o d_o and_o the_o south_n pole_n b_o likewise_z at_z most_o decline_v as_o c_o g_z 23_o degree_n 31½_n minute_n the_o north_n part_n be_v divide_v into_o six_o sign_n which_o we_o call_v the_o northerly_a beginning_n at_o d_o with_o the_o kimbug_a sign_n towards_o the_o north._n aries_n taurus_n gemini_fw-la unto_o h._n the_o point_n of_o the_o far_a declination_n from_o thence_o with_o the_o descend_a sign_n of_o the_o north_n cancer_n leo_n virgo_fw-la to_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n in_o f._n the_o autumn_n equinoctial_a the_o southern_a part_n be_v also_o divide_v into_o six_o sign_n which_o we_o call_v the_o southerly_a beginning_n at_o f_o with_o the_o descend_a sign_n towards_o the_o south_n libra_n virgo_fw-la saggitarius_n until_o g_z the_o point_n of_o the_o sartk_a declination_n towards_o the_o south_n from_o thence_o further_o with_o klimb_v sign_n towards_o the_o north_n capricornus_fw-la aquarius_n pisces_fw-la as_o far_a as_o till_o you_o come_v to_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n in_o the_o spring_n equinoctial_a d._n the_o sun_n run_v through_o the_o three_o first_o northerly_a sign_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n new_a style_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n new_a still_o the_o other_o from_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n to_o the_o 23_o of_o september_n the_o first_o 3_o southerly_a sign_n from_o the_o 23_o of_o september_n to_o the_o 23_o of_o december_n and_o the_o other_o from_o the_o 23_o december_n till_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n again_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v m_o and_o n_o both_o of_o they_o stand_v every_o where_o alike_o distant_a from_o the_o ecliptic_a g_o h_n and_o so_o far_o from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n a_o and_z b_o as_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v far_a decline_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a at_o h_n e_o and_o c_o g._n the_o eight_o point_n of_o the_o coluri_n the_o coluri_n be_v two_o circkle_n go_v croswaye_v through_o both_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n divide_v each_o other_o into_o two_o part_n in_o the_o pole_n and_o together_o with_o they_o the_o whole_a globe_n equinoctial_a zodiac_n or_o ecliptic_a and_o all_o the_o parallel_n in_o 4_o equal_a part_n the_o

hour_n 8_o degree_n which_o make_v 36_o minute_n it_o be_v then_o 13_o hour_n 36_o minute_n from_o the_o noon_n tijde_v that_o be_v 1_o hour_n 36_o minute_n after_o midnight_n how_o to_o find_v the_o ascension_n on_o any_o day_n in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o star_n we_o have_v here_o adjoin_v 2_o table_n the_o one_o of_o the_o sun_n show_v from_o 5_o day_n to_o 5_o day_n the_o sun_n ascension_n out_o of_o which_o you_o may_v easy_o find_v the_o same_o in_o other_o day_n the_o other_o for_o thirty_o of_o the_o prime_a fix_a star_n both_o of_o they_o only_o by_o degree_n that_o be_v sufficient_a for_o this_o business_n the_o 18_o point_n a_o table_n of_o the_o right_n ascensum_fw-la of_o the_o sun_n the_o first_o number_n in_o the_o table_n show_v the_o day_n of_o the_o month_n the_o second_o of_o degree_n of_o the_o ascension_n of_o the_o sun_n on_o that_o day_n janu._n febr._n mart._n april_n may._n juni._n da._n deg_fw-la da._n deg_fw-la da._n deg_fw-la da._n deg_fw-la da._n deg_fw-la da._n deg_fw-la 5_o 287_o 5_o 319_o 5_o 346_o 5_o 14_o 5_o 42_o 5_o 73_o 10_o 292_o 10_o 324_o 10_o 351_o 10_o 19_o 10_o 47_o 10_o 78_o 15_o 297_o 15_o 329_o 15_o 355_o 15_o 24_o 15_o 52_o 15_o 83_o 20_o 303_o 20_o 334_o 20_o 360_o 20_o 28_o 20_o 57_o 20_o 88_o 25_o 308_o 25_o 339_o 25_o 4_o 25_o 33_o 15_o 62_o 25_o 94_o 31_o 314_o 28_o 342_o 31_o 10_o 30_o 38_o 31_o 68_o 31_o 99_o julius_n augu._n septe_n octo._n nove._n dece_fw-la da._n deg_fw-la da._n deg_fw-la da._n deg_fw-la da._n deg_fw-la da._n deg_fw-la da._n egg_n 5_o 104_o 5_o 135_o 5_o 164_o 5_o 191_o 5_o 220_o 5_o 251_o 10_o 109_o 10_o 140_o 10_o 168_o 10_o 195_o 10_o 225_o 10_o 257_o 15_o 114_o 15_o 145_o 15_o 173_o 15_o 200_o 15_o 231_o 15_o 263_o 20_o 119_o 20_o 149_o 20_o 177_o 20_o 205_o 20_o 236_o 20_o 268_o 25_o 124_o 25_o 154_o 25_o 182_o 25_o 210_o 25_o 241_o 25_o 274_o 31_o 130_o 31_o 159_o 30_o 187_o 31_o 215_o 30_o 246_o 31_o 281_o a_o table_n of_o the_o right_a ascension_n of_o the_o 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four_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n the_o visible_a be_v the_o uttermost_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n that_o our_o eye_n can_v reach_v or_o see_v when_o our_o eye_n be_v just_a on_o the_o flat_a or_o surface_n of_o the_o even_a water_n than_o the_o true_a and_o visible_a horizon_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o but_o our_o eye_n lift_v up_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n the_o sight_n fall_v over_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n every_o where_o low_o than_o waterpasse_a and_o thence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o visible_a horizon_n be_v low_a than_o the_o true_a although_o this_o be_v not_o much_o material_a in_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v recompense_v by_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o visible_a horizon_n we_o have_v add_v this_o table_n for_o those_o that_o desire_v to_o be_v exact_a where_o man_n may_v see_v how_o much_o the_o visible_a differ_v from_o the_o true_a that_o be_v change_v or_o alter_v by_o foot_n example_n the_o 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themselves_o they_o be_v divers_a thing_n yet_o they_o be_v always_o one_o like_a unto_o the_o other_o any_o country_n be_v situate_v under_o the_o breadth_n of_o 30_o degree_n lie_v also_o in_o the_o height_n 30_o degree_n which_o by_o seafaring_a man_n be_v take_v without_o difference_n but_o what_o it_o be_v or_o what_o it_o have_v in_o it_o or_o signify_v few_o man_n understand_v and_o yet_o it_o behoove_v a_o seafaring_a man_n that_o seek_v for_o the_o height_n of_o any_o country_n to_o be_v expert_a therein_o for_o that_o no_o man_n without_o it_o can_v well_o understand_v how_o many_o instrument_n whether_o it_o be_v astrolabium_fw-la or_o cross_a staff_n no_o nor_o the_o sea-compasse_n itself_o shall_v well_o be_v use_v for_o that_o these_o thing_n be_v all_o build_v upon_o one_o foundation_n and_o like_o a_o chain_n hang_v one_o upon_o the_o other_o but_o it_o may_v be_v that_o some_o man_n will_v object_v and_o say_v that_o there_o be_v many_o pilot_n which_o do_v not_o 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equinoctial_a that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o it_o have_v no_o breadth_n neither_o northward_a nor_o southward_a than_o you_o shall_v see_v that_o both_o the_o pole_n lie_v just_a with_o the_o horizon_n and_o that_o neither_o of_o they_o both_o be_v elevate_v above_o it_o nor_o depress_v under_o it_o and_o withal_o you_o shall_v see_v that_o they_o that_o dwell_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a have_v no_o height_n or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n nor_o yet_o any_o breadth_n but_o if_o you_o remove_v the_o man_n so_o much_o northward_o that_o he_o go_v ten_o degree_n upon_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v that_o he_o come_v ten_o degree_n upon_o the_o north_n breadth_n you_o shall_v see_v that_o the_o north_n pole_n shall_v be_v raise_v or_o elevate_v ten_o degree_n above_o the_o horizon_n in_o the_o north_n and_o the_o south_n pole_n shall_v go_v ten_o degree_n under_o the_o horizon_n and_o if_o you_o remove_v the_o man_n upon_o the_o earth_n more_o northerly_a as_o thirty_o forty_o or_o fifty_o degree_n the_o north_n pole_n will_v also_o be_v so_o much_o elevate_v and_o the_o south_n pole_n to_o the_o contrary_a so_o much_o depress_v under_o the_o horizon_n so_o that_o if_o you_o turn_v the_o man_n upon_o the_o earth_n to_o ninety_o degree_n than_o the_o north_n pole_n also_o will_v be_v elevate_v ninety_o degree_n that_o be_v the_o pole_n will_v stand_v right_a above_o his_o head_n and_o the_o equinoctial_a will_v join_v with_o the_o horizon_n in_o one_o circle_n that_o which_o thus_o be_v ●●id_v of_o the_o elevate_n of_o the_o north_n pole_n be_v also_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o south_n pole_n for_o if_o you_o likewise_o move_v the_o man_n upon_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o figure_n towards_o the_o south_n the_o south_n pole_n will_v be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n as_o much_o as_o the_o man_n in_o breadth_n go_v southward_a and_o the_o north_n p●le_n will_v go_v so_o much_o under_o the_o horizon_n one_o thing_n be_v herein_o to_o be_v note_v that_o as_o much_o as_o the_o pole_n rise_v above_o the_o horizon_n just_o so_o much_o the_o equinoctial_a go_v under_o it_o and_o when_o the_o pole_n go_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a rise_v again_o in_o equal_a proportion_n but_o above_o all_o you_o must_v mark_v that_o the_o number_n of_o the_o pole_n elevation_n add_v to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a always_o make_v even_o ninety_o degree_n so_o that_o when_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v 30_o degree_n in_o the_o north_n the_o equinoctial_a be_v elevate_v sixty_o degree_n in_o the_o south_n but_o if_o the_o south_n pole_n be_v elevate_v above_o your_o horizon_n twenty_o degree_n the_o equinoctial_a will_v be_v elevate_v in_o the_o north_n seventy_o degree_n which_o be_v clear_o understand_v and_o show_v in_o this_o manner_n we_o always_o see_v half_a the_o heaven_n above_o the_o horizon_n as_o aforesaid_a which_o be_v twice_o ninety_o degree_n from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o zenith_n or_o the_o point_n just_a over_o our_o head_n and_o fro●●he_a zenith_n to_o the_o horizon_n in_o the_o north_n now_o see_v 〈◊〉_d between_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o the_o pole_n there_o be_v always_o ninety_o degree_n as_o be_v show_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n it_o follow_v that_o which_o be_v beneath_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o equinoctial_a make_v also_o ninety_o degree_n therefore_o when_o we_o know_v the_o height_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o take_v it_o out_o of_o ninety_o that_o which_o rest_v over_o be_v always_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n this_o also_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o figure_n aforesaid_a the_o 29._o point_n concern_v the_o difference_n and_o agreement_n of_o the_o declination_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n these_o table_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n be_v

will_v use_v these_o table_n of_o declination_n without_o the_o foresay_a care_n and_o caution_n though_o he_o sail_v right_a and_o well_o shall_v nevertheless_o find_v 10_o minute_n difference_n the_o five_o example_n suppose_v 2_o ship_n be_v together_o depart_v from_o these_o land_n the_o one_o sail_v eastward_n and_o come_v according_a to_o his_o reckon_n upon_o the_o 26_o of_o september_n in_o the_o first_o year_n follow_v the_o leap-yeare_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o world_n i_o suppose_v 180_o degre●s_n in_o longitude_n distant_a from_o england_n end_n and_o find_v in_o these_o table_n the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n on_o that_o day_n 2_o degree_n 0_o minute_n the_o other_o ship_n sail_v westward_n and_o meet_v the_o first_o ship_n at_o the_o foresay_a place_n according_a to_o this_o reckon_n not_o upon_o the_o 26_o of_o september_n but_o upon_o the_o 25_o and_o find_v the_o declination_n in_o these_o table_n for_o that_o day_n 1_o degree_n 24_o minute_n and_o so_o differ_v as_o well_o in_o the_o time_n one_o day_n and_o accordingl_o in_o the_o declination_n 24_o minute_n which_o come_v to_o pass_v from_o this_o the_o first_o sail_v towards_o the_o sunrising_n 180_o degree_n have_v shorten_v his_o time_n 12_o hour_n the_o other_o sail_v with_o the_o son_n 180_o degree_n have_v lengthen_v his_o time_n 12_o hour_n &_o thereby_o have_v have_v one_o night_n less_o than_o the_o other_o whilst_o then_o the_o declination_n at_o that_o time_n increase_v in_o one_o day_n 24_o minute_n so_o must_v he_o that_o be_v sail_v eastward_n reckon_v 12_o minute_n declination_n less_o and_o he_o that_o be_v sail_v westward_n must_v reckon_v 12_o minute_n more_o as_o the_o table_n each_o and_o shall_v have_v one_o sort_n of_o declination_n to_o wit_n 1_o deg_fw-la 12_o m._n haved_z the_o 30._o point_n how_o to_o find_v the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n by_o the_o sun_n to_o find_v the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n by_o the_o sun_n one_o thing_n be_v special_o to_o be_v mark_v to_o wit_n whether_o you_o be_v northward_o or_o southward_o from_o the_o sun_n whether_o the_o sun_n stand_v northward_a or_o southward_o from_o you_o be_v easy_o know_v when_o you_o be_v in_o such_o a_o place_n upon_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v far_o from_o the_o line_n or_o from_o the_o sun_n but_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v near_o almost_o above_o your_o head_n than_o you_o can_v well_o see_v it_o with_o your_o eye_n therefore_o set_v a_o compass_n before_o you_o that_o you_o may_v see_v where_o north_n and_o south_n be_v then_o take_v your_o astrolabium_fw-la and_o set_v it_o so_o that_o the_o one_o edge_n thereof_o stand_v right_a south_n and_o the_o other_o north_n and_o then_o you_o shall_v see_v at_o a_o hair_n breadth_n whether_o the_o sun_n be_v at_o the_o height_n stand_v northward_o or_o southward_o from_o the_o head_n point_n or_o zenith_n if_o then_o you_o will_v seek_v the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n when_o you_o be_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o be_v when_o the_o sun_n be_v southward_o from_o you_o then_o take_v the_o just_a height_n first_o and_o as_o much_o as_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v northward_o take_v it_o out_o of_o your_o height_n and_o that_o which_o rest_v be_v the_o height_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a in_o the_o south_n which_o substract_v out_o of_o ninety_o as_o in_o the_o former_a point_n be_v declare_v than_o you_o have_v the_o height_n of_o the_o north_n pole_n example_n in_o this_o figure_n let_v p_o be_v the_o north_n pole_n and_z g_z the_o south_n pole_n e_z h_z the_o equinoctial_a a_o b_o the_o horizon_n z_o the_o zenith_n and_o d_o the_o sun_n let_v the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n b_o d_o bee_n sixty_o degree_n above_o the_o horizon_n the_o northerly_a declination_n d_o e_z 8_o degree_n if_o then_o you_o take_v d_o e_z 8_o degree_n from_o b_o d_o the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n there_o will_v rest_v b_o e_o 52_o degree_n which_o be_v the_o height_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a which_o take_v out_o of_o 90_o degree_n rest_v 38_o degree_n for_o the_o height_n of_o the_o north_n pole_n a_o p_o as_o in_o the_o 7_o point_n be_v show_v if_o the_o declination_n be_v southerly_a then_o add_v unto_o the_o height_n aforesaid_a take_v and_o then_o if_o the_o addition_n be_v less_o than_o 90_o then_o look_v upon_o the_o height_n of_o the_o line_n in_o the_o south_n which_o take_v out_o of_o 90_o as_o aforesaid_a it_o leave_v you_o the_o height_n of_o the_o north_n pole_n example_n let_v the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v d_o b_o 40_o degree_n the_o southerly_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n e_o d_o 20_o degree_n then_o add_v e_z d_o 20_o degree_n to_o d_o b_o 40_o degree_n it_o make_v e_z b_o 60_o degree_n the_o height_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a which_o substract_v from_o 90_o as_o e_z g_z the_o distance_n between_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o the_o south_n pole_n then_o there_o will_v rest_v 30_o for_o g_o b_o that_o be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o south_n pole_n be_v go_v under_o the_o horizon_n as_o before_o be_v show_v so_o much_o as_o the_o one_o pole_n be_v under_o the_o horizon_n just_o so_o much_o be_v the_o other_o above_o it_o the_o north_n pole_n p_o shall_v here_o be_v elevate_v thirty_o degree_n but_o if_o the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v add_v unto_o the_o declination_n make_v more_o than_o 90_o degree_n than_o you_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v northward_o from_o your_o head_n just_a so_o much_o as_o the_o aforesaid_a addition_n be_v more_o than_o 90_o and_o so_o consequent_o the_o south_n pole_n also_o shall_v be_v so_o much_o elevate_v example_n look_v into_o the_o figure_n next_o follow_v wherein_o let_v the_o height_n be_v d_o b_o 80_o degree_n and_o the_o southerly_a declination_n e_o d_o 18_o degree_n then_o if_o you_o add_v e_z d_o 18_o degree_n to_o b_o d_o 80_o degree_n the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n there_o will_v be_v 98_o degree_n for_o b_o e_o see_v then_o that_o from_o the_o horizon_n b_o to_o the_o zenith_n z_o that_o be_v the_o point_n in_o heaven_n right_a above_o our_o head_n be_v just_a 90_o degr_n as_o in_o the_o 22_o point_n be_v teach_v it_o follow_v that_o e_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v 8_o degree_n northwards_o from_o the_o zenith_n z_o and_o so_o 82_o degr_n elevate_a in_o the_o north_n above_o the_o horizon_n when_o e_z a_o be_v take_v out_o of_o 90_o there_o rest_v 8_o degree_n for_o the_o height_n of_o the_o south_n pole_n g_z above_o the_o horizon_n b_o than_o you_o must_v understand_v that_o you_o be_v between_o the_o line_n and_o the_o sun_n how_o you_o shall_v find_v the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n when_o you_o be_v southward_a from_o the_o sun_n when_o you_o perceive_v that_o you_o be_v southward_a from_o the_o sun_n that_o be_v when_o the_o sun_n stand_v northward_o from_o you_o first_o as_o aforesaid_a take_v the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n then_o if_o the_o declination_n be_v southwards_o take_v it_o out_o of_o your_o height_n which_o you_o have_v find_v and_o then_o you_o shall_v have_v the_o height_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a which_o substract_v from_o 90_o it_o show_v under_o what_o height_n you_o be_v southward_a from_o the_o line_n example_n behold_v the_o figure_n above_o stand_v let_v a_o d_o be_v the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o 64_o degree_n the_o southerly_a declination_n e_o d_o 16_o degree_n which_o substract_v from_o a_o d_o the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n there_o remain_v for_o a_o e_o 48_o degree_n the_o height_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a in_o the_o north_n which_o substract_v out_o of_o 90_o then_o the_o height_n of_o the_o south_n pole_n g_o b_o will_n be_v 42_o degree_n if_o the_o declination_n be_v northerly_a then_o add_v it_o to_o the_o height_n find_v out_o if_o then_o the_o addition_n be_v less_o than_o 19_o it_o show_v you_o the_o height_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a which_o take_v out_o from_o 90_o you_o find_v the_o height_n of_o the_o south_n pole_n example_n look_v on_o the_o figure_n with_o his_o circle_n as_o it_o follow_v here_o after_o let_v a_o d_o the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o north_n be_v 50_o degree_n and_o d_o e_o the_o northerly_a declination_n 15_o degr_n then_o add_v e_z d_o 15_o to_z d_o a_o 50_o degree_n t●en_o you_o have_v 65_o degr_n for_o a_o e_o be_v the_o height_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a then_o g_z b_o the_o height_n of_o the_o south_n pole_n be_v 25_o deg_fw-la for_o as_o in_o the_o 27_o point_v it_o be_v show_v the_o height_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a e_o a_o with_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n g_o b_o always_o make_v 90_o degree_n but_o if_o the_o height_n and_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o

that_o will_v anchor_v upon_o the_o ballast_n plate_n let_v he_o bring_v the_o flat_a steeple_n which_o stand_v a_o little_a to_o the_o northwards_o or_o the_o eastward_n of_o hull_n to_o the_o high_a point_n of_o pawl_v and_o keep_v they_o so_o stand_v until_o that_o he_o come_v to_o the_o plate_n there_o it_o be_v best_o for_o to_o anchor_v upon_o it_o from_o the_o north_n point_n of_o the_o humber_n call_v spurn_v head_n to_o flambrough_n head_n head_n flambrough_n head_n the_o course_n be_v northnorthwest_o nine_o or_o ten_o league_n betwixt_o they_o it_o be_v shoal_n water_n of_o six_o seven_o and_o eight_o fathom_n deep_a flambrough_n head_n have_v many_o white_a spot_n and_o chalk_v hill_n especial_o upon_o the_o north_n side_n towards_o fyley_n flambrough_n have_v a_o head_n or_o pier_n a_o league_n to_o the_o westward_n of_o it_o on_o the_o south_n side_n lie_v a_o little_a town_n call_v burlington_n burlington_n burlington_n which_o have_v also_o a_o pier_n you_o may_v anchor_v there_o in_o the_o bay_n in_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n three_o league_n by_o west_n flambrough_n head_n lie_v fyley_n fyley_n fyley_n in_o a_o round_a bay_n to_o the_o southwards_o of_o a_o point_n that_o lie_v out_o which_o have_v a_o pier_n or_o head_n where_o you_o may_v lie_v within_o it_o but_o it_o fall_v there_o dry_a at_o low_a water_n without_o the_o head_n of_o fyley_n lie_v a_o rock_n under_o water_n call_v fyley_n bridge_n bridge_n fyley_n bridge_n betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o pier_n you_o may_v well_o lie_v a_o float_n with_o a_o ship_n of_o a_o hundred_o last_n in_o five_o fathom_n at_o low_a water_n and_o have_v shelter_n for_o a_o north-east_n &_o east_n wind_n from_o the_o point_n of_o fyley_n to_o scharbrough_n it_o be_v northwest_n two_o league_n scharbrough_n scharbrough_n scharbrough_n have_v 2_o peer_n or_o head_n where_o you_o may_v run_v within_o they_o at_o high_a water_n from_o the_o southwards_o but_o at_o low_a water_n it_o fall_v there_o also_o dry_a man_n come_v in_o there_o from_o the_o southwards_o from_o scharbrough_n the_o coast_n lie_v alongst_o by_o robbinhoods_n bay_n bay_n robbinhoods_n bay_n until_o before_o whidbye_o most_o northwest_n but_o past_o whidbie_n the_o land_n fall_v in_o westnorthwest_n &_o by_o little_a &_o little_o more_o westerly_a unto_o the_o tee_n robbenhood_n bay_n be_v a_o good_a road_n for_o a_o southsouthwest_n and_o west_n wind_n there_o man_n lie_v in_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n whidby_n whidby_n whidby_n be_v a_o tide_n haven_n which_o fall_v dry_a at_o low_a water_n at_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o haven_n run_v off_o a_o riff_o of_o rock_n where_o of_o you_o must_v take_v heed_n for_o to_o sail_v in_o there_o you_o must_v run_v in_o betwixt_o the_o two_o beakon_n until_o that_o you_o come_v in_o betwixt_o the_o two_o land_n and_o anchor_n there_o from_o whidbie_n to_o the_o teese_n the_o coast_n lie_v most_o westnorthwest_n and_o west_n and_o by_o north_n about_o seven_o league_n betwixt_o both_o lie_n huntley_n foot_n &_o redcliffe_n huntley_n huntleyfoot_n huntleyfoot_n foot_n be_v a_o high_a hill_n lie_v on_o the_o sea_n side_n about_z 4_o league_n to_o the_o eastwarde_n of_o the_o tee_n redcliffe_n redcliffe_n redcliffe_n lie_v about_o half_a way_n betwixt_o huntleyfoote_n and_o the_o tee_n it_o be_v a_o cliff_n of_o such_o very_a red_a earth_n that_o when_o the_o sun_n do_v shine_v against_o it_o it_o be_v to_o see_v to_o like_v red_a cloth_n these_o two_o be_v very_o good_a mark_n for_o to_o know_v this_o coast_n by_o close_o to_o the_o southwards_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o teese_n lie_v three_o riffe_n which_o lie_v about_o a_o half_a league_n eastnortheast_n into_o sea_n which_o be_v very_o foul_a and_o stony_a and_o fall_v dry_a at_o low_a water_n upon_o the_o north_n side_n they_o be_v very_o flat_a so_o that_o you_o may_v sound_v about_o by_o they_o in_o five_o six_o &_o seven_o fathom_n but_o on_o the_o south_n side_n be_v so_o steep_a that_o come_n near_o they_o and_o sound_v in_o thirteen_o and_o fourteen_o fathom_n you_o shall_v be_v upon_o they_o before_o you_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o heave_v the_o lead_n the_o second_o time_n a_o league_n and_o half_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o teese_n lie_v hartlepoole_n upon_o a_o point_n that_o lie_v out_o almost_o like_o a_o island_n for_o to_o go_v in_o there_o you_o must_v run_v into_o a_o bite_v to_o the_o southwards_o of_o the_o town_n with_o in_o a_o head_n until_o you_o come_v against_o the_o town_n there_o you_o shall_v lie_v dry_a at_o low_a water_n about_o half_a way_n betwixt_o hartlepoole_n hartlepoole_n hartlepoole_n &_o the_o teese_n run_v off_o also_o a_o riff_o of_o rock_n thwart_v from_o the_o shore_n a_o good_a way_n into_o sea_n come_v no_o near_o in_o then_o 5_o or_o 6_o fathom_n there_o stand_v a_o mill_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o town_n hartlepoole_n if_o you_o keep_v that_o to_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o town_n hartlepoole_n than_o you_o 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shoal_a at_o low_a water_n no_o more_o than_o five_o foot_n but_o it_o flow_v there_o with_o a_o common_a tide_n at_o least_o 2_o fathom_v up_o and_o down_o a_o south-west_n moon_n make_v there_o full_a sea_n if_o when_o you_o come_v from_o the_o southwards_o you_o will_v sail_v into_o the_o teese_n then_o bring_v the_o innermost_a of_o the_o 2_o firebeakon_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o north_n side_n at_o least_o a_o handspike_n length_n or_o the_o length_n off_o a_o capstane_n bar_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o other_o and_o run_v so_o westward_n towards_o they_o until_o that_o the_o two_o firebeakon_n on_o the_o south_n side_n be_v one_o in_o the_o other_o then_o sail_v in_o right_a with_o they_o as_o have_v be_v say_v until_o that_o the_o 2_o firebeakon_n on_o the_o north_n side_n come_v one_o in_o the_o other_o when_o you_o have_v they_o one_o the_o other_o run_v in_o right_a with_o they_o until_o that_o you_o come_v by_o the_o north_n shore_n &_o then_o close_o alongst_o by_o it_o when_o as_o that_o you_o come_v so_o far_o in_o past_a the_o first_o fire_n beacon_n to_o weet_v that_o you_o may_v see_v hartlepoole_n betwixt_o the_o 2_o firebeakon_n there_o you_o may_v anchor_v in_o three_o 4_o or_o five_o fathom_n or_o when_o hartlepoole_n come_v betwixt_o the_o foresay_a firebeakon_n then_o go_v southsouthwest_n until_o that_o you_o come_v by_o the_o south_n shore_n there_o it_o be_v also_o good_a anchor_a further_o it_o be_v pilot_n water_n unto_o stockton_n for_o there_o within_o the_o deep_n do_v shift_v oftentimes_o and_o that_o in_o short_a time_n 3_o 4_o or_o 5_o time_n in_o a_o summer_n he_o that_o will_v sail_v in_o there_o with_o northerly_a wind_n and_o a_o flood_n must_v reckon_v well_o his_o

fareway_n it_o be_v uneven_a for_o to_o sound_v sometime_o man_n have_v two_o and_o twenty_o three_o &_o twenty_o &_o sometime_o again_o eight_o and_o twenty_o nine_o and_o twenty_o &_o thirty_o fathom_n all_o black_a mingle_a ground_n sometime_o stone_n so_o great_a as_o pease_n of_o colour_n like_o black_a earth_n when_o howbrough_n be_v northnortheast_n 7_o league_n from_o you_o there_o it_o be_v fifteen_o fathom_n deep_a stony_a ground_n from_o thence_o on_o north-east_n 2_o league_n there_o it_o be_v twenty_o fathom_n deep_a foul_a stony_a ground_n near_o about_o the_o place_n so_o far_o from_o land_n that_o you_o can_v see_v gotland_n be_v bank_n where_o it_o be_v not_o deep_a than_o twelve_o fathom_n the_o like_a uneven_a ground_n be_v also_o thwarte_a of_o the_o southend_a of_o oeland_n as_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o former_a but_o betwixt_o they_o both_o be_v deep_a water_n if_o you_o come_v in_o the_o farewaye_n from_o rye_n to_o brontholm_n betwixt_o the_o south_n end_n of_o gotland_n and_o oeland_n and_o must_v lie_v by_o with_o contrary_a wind_n when_o you_o be_v in_o ten_o or_o twelve_o fathom_n and_o then_o sail_v towards_o oeland_n you_o shall_v get_v deep_a water_n if_o you_o lie_v by_o betwixt_o oeland_n and_o reefcoll_a and_o that_o reefcoll_a come_v to_o be_v southsoutheast_n and_o south_n and_o by_o east_n from_o you_o so_o far_o without_o the_o land_n that_o you_o can_v see_v it_o than_o you_o shall_v get_v also_o the_o like_a uneven_a ground_n of_o ten_o and_o twelve_o fathom_n red_a gross_a stony_a sand_n &_o also_o blackish_a gross_a sandy_a stone_n ground_n if_o you_o be_v near_a to_o oeland_n you_o shall_v get_v in_o ten_o or_o twelve_o fathom_n pit_n in_o the_o tallow_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v that_o those_o ground_n off_o oeland_n do_v run_v over_o unto_o or_o near_o reefcoll_a the_o like_a ground_n and_o unevenesse_n do_v seem_v to_o lie_v over_o the_o sea_n also_o from_o the_o south_n end_n of_o gotland_n towards_o rosehead_n for_o when_o the_o south_n end_n of_o gotland_n come_v to_o be_v about_o north_n from_o you_o although_o it_o be_v fourteen_o or_o sixteen_o league_n from_o you_o you_o shall_v find_v depth_n of_o sixteen_o &_o twenty_o fathom_n soft_a ground_n like_v as_o off_o from_o oeland_n but_o if_o gotland_n be_v more_o easterly_a or_o westerly_a from_o you_o you_o shall_v have_v deep_a water_n when_o you_o be_v about_o a_o league_n by_o west_n the_o south-west_n point_n of_o gotland_n so_o that_o it_o be_v southeast_n or_o eastsoutheast_n from_o you_o about_o a_o league_n than_o the_o karels_n lie_v about_o north_n from_o you_o which_o you_o may_v even_o see_v in_o clear_a weather_n there_o abouts_o it_o be_v shoal_n water_v a_o good_a way_n off_o from_o the_o shore_n when_o the_o west_n point_n or_o steep_a point_n be_v about_o north_n from_o you_o a_o little_a to_o the_o eastward_n or_o to_o the_o westward_n of_o it_o there_o be_v ten_o twelve_o fourteen_o sixteen_o and_o eighteen_o fathom_n deep_a a_o great_a way_n from_o the_o land_n but_o when_o that_o point_n come_v to_o be_v north-east_n eastnortheast_n or_o east_n from_o you_o there_o it_o be_v above_o forty_o fathom_n deep_a betwixt_o the_o south-west_n point_n of_o gotland_n and_o the_o north_n point_n of_o oelandt_n it_o be_v also_o very_o deep_a so_o that_o there_o you_o can_v cast_v ground_n with_o forty_o fathom_n when_o you_o be_v northwest_n and_o northwest_n and_o by_o north_n about_o two_o league_n from_o houbrough_n there_o you_o have_v great_a red_a stone_n sand_n &_o black_a stone_n in_o it_o so_o great_a as_o bean_n betwixt_o gotland_n and_o the_o sweed_n schare_n in_o the_o farewaye_o it_o be_v four_o and_o thirty_o and_o six_o and_o thirty_o and_o eight_o and_o thirty_o fathom_n deep_a and_o close_o by_o gotland_n five_o and_o twenty_o fathom_n when_o the_o tower_n of_o houbrough_n be_v westnorthwest_o from_o you_o so_o far_o as_o you_o may_v see_v it_o from_o the_o poop_n there_o it_o be_v thirty_o and_o one_o and_o thirty_o fathom_n deep_a but_o be_v northnorthwest_o from_o you_o it_o be_v shoaler_n five_o and_o twenty_o and_o six_o and_o twenty_o fathom_n betwixt_o howbrough_n and_o eastergore_fw-la lie_v a_o bank_n of_o four_o and_o twenty_o fathom_n gross_a red_a sand_n so_o far_o without_o the_o land_n that_o you_o can_v see_v the_o land_n out_o of_o the_o top_n to_o the_o eastward_n of_o it_o lie_v another_o bank_n of_o fourteen_o fathom_n gray_a and_o white_a sand_n when_o you_o be_v over_o it_o you_o shall_v have_v no_o ground_n in_o forty_o fathom_n two_o league_n without_o the_o land_n by_o west_n eastergore_o there_o it_o be_v about_o one_o &_o thirty_o fathom_n soft_a ground_n he_o that_o sail_v from_o brontholm_n alongst_o by_o oeland_n towards_o eastergore_fw-la let_v he_o not_o spare_v his_o lead_n but_o sound_v often_o for_o these_o aforesaid_a bank_n and_o ground_n thereby_o you_o may_v well_o make_v some_o reckon_n if_o you_o shall_v make_v reckon_v to_o come_v by_o night_n with_o gotland_n on_o the_o southeast_n side_n and_o have_v no_o good_a sight_n then_o come_v no_o near_o the_o land_n about_o the_o north_n end_n or_o south_n end_n also_o by_o eastergore_fw-la then_o in_o twenty_o or_o four_o and_o twenty_o fathom_n and_o so_o you_o can_v take_v no_o hurt_n by_o night_n by_o day_n you_o may_v come_v near_o enough_o to_o it_o at_o many_o place_n in_o seven_o eight_o or_o ten_o fathom_n how_o these_o land_n do_v lie_v one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o from_o other_o land_n from_o houbrough_n to_o eastergore_fw-la north-east_n 12_o or_o 13_o leag_n from_o eastergore_fw-la to_o farosound_n north_n &_o by_o east_n 7_o leag_n from_o farosound_n to_o gotsche_n sand_n northnortheast_n and_o north_n and_o by_o east_n 6_o league_n from_o houbrough_n to_o the_o karels_n northnorthwest_n 7_o leag_n from_o the_o karels_n to_o wisbuy_v north-east_n 7_o league_n from_o the_o karels_n to_o gotsche_n sand_n northe_o 21_o or_o 22_o leag_n from_o houbrough_n to_o the_o north_n end_n of_o oeland_n northwest_n 14_o league_n from_o the_o karels_n to_o the_o sweede_n jonckurow_v west_n and_o by_o north_n 13_o league_n from_o the_o karels_n to_o the_o channel_n of_o stockholme_n north_n a_o little_a more_o westerly_a 23_o league_n from_o the_o karels_n to_o boeckschaer_n north-east_n northerly_a 46_o league_n from_o gotsche_n sand_n to_o boeckschaer_n north_n east_n and_o by_o north_n a_o little_a more_o northerly_a 20_o or_o 21_o league_n from_o gotsche_n sand_n to_o the_o south_n point_n of_o the_o alands_n haff_o north_n and_o by_o east_n 33_o or_o 34_o league_n from_o gotsche_n sand_n to_o wttoy_n north-east_n and_o by_o east_n 36_o league_n from_o gotsche_n sand_n to_o dagerorte_a eastnortheast_n 26_o leag_n from_o gotsche_n sand_n to_o derwinde_n southeast_n 31_o or_o 32_o league_n from_o eastergore_fw-la to_o dagerorte_fw-la north-east_n and_o by_o east_n 39_o league_n from_o eastergore_fw-la to_o derwinda_n east_n and_o by_o south_n 29_o league_n from_o eastgore_n to_o quinsbrough_n deep_a south_n and_o by_o east_n 52_o league_n from_o eastergore_fw-la to_o rose-head_n south_n and_o by_o west_n 45_o league_n from_o houbrough_n to_o hondsorte_v eastnortheast_n &_o north_n east_n and_o by_o east_n 50_o league_n from_o houbrough_n to_o lyserorte_v east_n and_o by_o north_n somewhat_o easterly_a 40_o league_n from_o houbrough_n to_o derwinda_n east_n somewhat_o northerly_a 37_o league_n from_o houbrough_n to_o dermemell_v southeast_n 37_o league_n from_o houbrough_n to_o quinsbrough_n deep_a southsoutheast_n 48_o league_n from_o houbrough_n to_o rosehead_n south_n 35_o league_n from_o the_o north_n end_n of_o gotland_n to_o derwinda_n eastsoutheast_n somewhat_o southerly_a 28_o or_o 29_o league_n from_o scheggens_n to_o the_o sweede_v jofuer_o northnortheast_n 7_o league_n from_o the_o swedens_fw-fr joufer_n to_o idesound_v the_o channel_n off_o westerwyke_n or_o silbuy_v north_n and_o by_o west_n somewhat_o westerly_a 7_o league_n from_o the_o swede_n joufer_n to_o northeroorden_n the_o north_n end_n of_o oeland_n east_n and_o by_o north_n 3_o or_o 4_o league_n from_o northeroorden_n to_o the_o channel_n of_o westerwyke_a north_n west_n 8_o league_n from_o northeroorden_n to_o the_o barsound_a north_n and_o by_o west_n 15_o league_n from_o northeroorden_n to_o the_o havering_n or_o the_o channel_n off_o nycop_v north_n 18_o or_o 19_o league_n from_o northeroorden_n to_o hartsoe_n north_n and_o by_o east_n 20_o or_o 21_o league_n from_o northeroorden_n to_o landsoort_n northnortheast_n a_o little_a more_o northerly_a 21_o or_o 22_o league_n from_o hever_v to_o landsoort_n east_n and_o by_o north_n 6_o or_o 7_o league_n how_o these_o land_n do_v show_v themselves_o at_o sea_n west_n point_n houbrough_n thus_o show_v the_o west_n point_n or_o northwest_n point_n of_o gotland_n when_o you_o come_v from_o the_o southwards_o when_o gotschen_n sand_n be_v