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bottom_n of_o the_o stem_n we_o set_v it_o to_o freeze_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n for_o some_o hour_n with_o the_o stop_n of_o the_o stem_n which_o be_v draw_v out_o into_o a_o very_a slender_a pipe_n almost_o at_o right_a angle_n with_o the_o stem_n open_a and_o there_o leave_v it_o for_o some_o hour_n and_o the_o water_n be_v rise_v betwixt_o six_o and_o a_o half_a and_o seven_o inch_n this_o we_o do_v in_o order_n to_o another_o experiment_n but_o then_o easy_o and_o nimble_o seal_v up_o the_o slender_a pipe_n above_o mention_v that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o stem_n may_v not_o be_v heat_v we_o let_v it_o continue_v in_o the_o snow_n sometime_o add_v fresh_a for_o about_o 24._o hour_n to_o observe_v to_o what_o degree_n the_o water_n by_o expand_v itself_o will_v compress_v the_o imprison_a air._n the_o length_n of_o the_o cylinder_n of_o
he_o inform_v i_o that_o it_o be_v their_o usual_a way_n to_o turn_v water_n and_o snow_n into_o ice_n by_o pour_v a_o convenient_a proportion_n of_o that_o liquor_n into_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o snow_n and_o have_v also_o inquire_v 〈◊〉_d ice_n have_v not_o the_o like_a operation_n he_o tell_v 〈◊〉_d that_o it_o be_v usual_a and_o he_o have_v see_v it_o practise_v in_o 〈◊〉_d to_o cement_v ice_n to_o building_n and_o other_o thing_n and_o also_o to_o case_n over_o body_n as_o it_o be_v with_o ice_n by_o gradual_o throw_v water_n upon_o they_o but_o i_o doubt_v whether_o that_o effect_v be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v bare_o to_o the_o contiguity_n of_o the_o ice_n because_o i_o learn_v of_o he_o that_o this_o way_n of_o increase_a ice_n be_v practise_v in_o very_o frosty_a weather_n when_o water_n thin_o spread_v upon_o almost_o any_o other_o body_n will_v be_v freeze_v by_o the_o vehement_a sharpness_n of_o the_o air._n 7._o the_o glaciation_n that_o nature_n unguided_a by_o art_n be_v wont_a to_o make_v begin_v at_o those_o part_n of_o body_n at_o which_o they_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o usual_o happen_v that_o they_o freeze_v from_o the_o upper_a towards_o the_o low_a part_n but_o how_o far_o in_o earth_n and_o water_n the_o most_o considerable_a body_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v freeze_v the_o frost_n will_v pierce_v downward_o though_o for_o some_o hint_n it_o will_v afford_v worth_a the_o know_n be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v define_v because_o the_o deepness_n of_o the_o frost_n may_v be_v much_o vary_v by_o the_o degree_n of_o coldness_n in_o the_o air_n by_o which_o the_o glaciation_n seem_v to_o be_v produce_v as_o also_o by_o the_o great_a or_o 〈◊〉_d duration_n of_o the_o frost_n by_o the_o loose_a or_o close_a texture_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o juice_n wherewith_o the_o earth_n be_v imbue_v and_o by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o subjacent_a and_o more_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n some_o of_o which_o send_v up_o either_o actual_o warm_a or_o potential_o hot_a and_o resolve_v steam_n such_o as_o those_o that_o make_v corrosive_a liquor_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o the_o frost_n will_v not_o seize_v upon_o or_o at_o lest_o can_v continue_v over_o mine_n and_o i_o have_v see_v good_a large_a scope_n of_o land_n where_o vast_a quantity_n of_o good_a limestone_n lie_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n on_o which_o i_o have_v be_v assure_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o the_o snow_n will_v not_o lie_v there_o be_v divers_a other_o thing_n that_o may_v vary_v the_o depth_n to_o which_o the_o frost_n can_v penetrate_v into_o the_o ground_n i_o say_v into_o the_o ground_n because_o in_o most_o case_n it_o will_v pierce_v deep_o into_o the_o water_n but_o yet_o that_o we_o may_v not_o leave_v this_o part_n of_o the_o history_n of_o cold_a altogether_o uncontribute_v to_o we_o will_v add_v some_o of_o our_o note_n whereby_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o in_o our_o climate_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d less_o into_o the_o ground_n than_o many_o be_v please_v to_o think_v 8._o the_o note_n i_o find_v about_o this_o matter_n be_v these_o that_o follow_v which_o i_o 〈◊〉_d unaltered_a because_o it_o be_v tedious_a and_o not_o worth_a while_n to_o add_v the_o way_n we_o employ_v and_o the_o caution_n we_o use_v in_o make_v the_o observation_n but_o we_o shall_v rather_o intimate_v that_o the_o follow_a trial_n be_v make_v in_o a_o village_n about_o two_o mile_n from_o a_o great_a city_n i._n jan._n 22._o after_o four_o night_n of_o frost_n that_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o for_o very_o hard_a we_o go_v into_o a_o orchard_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v level_a and_o not_o cover_v with_o grass_n and_o find_v by_o dig_v that_o the_o frost_n have_v scarce_o pierce_v into_o the_o ground_n three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a and_o in_o a_o garden_n near_o the_o house_n we_o find_v not_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v freeze_v more_o than_o two_o inch_n beneath_o its_o surface_n ii_o nine_o or_o ten_o night_n successive_a frost_n freeze_v the_o grasless_a ground_n in_o the_o garden_n about_o six_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a or_o better_a in_o depth_n and_o the_o grasless_a ground_n in_o the_o orchard_n where_o a_o wall_n 〈◊〉_d it_o from_o the_o south_n sun_n to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o about_o eight_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a or_o better_o february_n the_o 9_o we_o dig_v in_o a_o orchard_n near_o a_o wall_n that_o respect_v the_o north_n and_o find_v the_o frost_n to_o have_v 〈◊〉_d the_o ground_n 〈◊〉_d a_o foot_n and_o two_o inch_n at_o least_o above_o a_o foot_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o eight_o day_n since_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d inch_n and_o a_o half_a a_fw-la slender_a pipe_n of_o glass_n about_o 18._o inch_n long_o and_o seal_v at_o one_o end_n be_v thrust_v over_o night_n into_o a_o hole_n purposely_o make_v with_o a_o spit_n straight_o down_o into_o the_o ground_n the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o water_n be_v in_o the_o same_o level_n with_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n the_o next_o morning_n the_o tube_n be_v take_v out_o the_o water_n appear_v freeze_v in_o the_o whole_a capacity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n but_o a_o little_a more_o than_o three_o inch_n but_o from_o this_o stick_n of_o ice_n there_o reach_v downward_o a_o part_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o ice_n of_o about_o six_o inch_n in_o length_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n remain_v 〈◊〉_d though_o it_o be_v a_o exceed_a sharp_a night_n precede_v by_o a_o constitution_n of_o the_o air_n that_o have_v be_v very_o lasting_a and_o very_o bitter_a the_o earth_n in_o the_o garden_n where_o this_o trial_n be_v make_v we_o guess_v to_o be_v freeze_v eight_o or_o ten_o inch_n deep_a as_o it_o be_v in_o another_o place_n about_o the_o same_o house_n but_o be_v this_o tube_n have_v not_o be_v in_o the_o ground_n the_o ambient_fw-la air_n will_v have_v freeze_v it_o quite_o through_o 9_o another_o note_n much_o of_o the_o same_o import_n we_o find_v in_o another_o place_n of_o our_o collection_n find_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o mildness_n of_o our_o climate_n i_o be_v scarce_o to_o hope_v for_o any_o much_o deep_a congelation_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n i_o apply_v myself_o to_o inquire_v of_o a_o ingenious_a man_n that_o have_v be_v at_o musco_n whether_o he_o have_v observe_v any_o thing_n there_o to_o my_o present_a purpose_n as_o also_o to_o find_v in_o captain_n james_n voyage_n whether_o that_o inquisitive_a navigator_n have_v take_v notice_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o may_v inform_v i_o how_o far_o the_o cold_a be_v able_a to_o freeze_v the_o earth_n or_o water_n in_o the_o island_n of_o charleton_n where_o that_o quality_n may_v probable_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v have_v as_o large_a a_o sphere_n of_o activity_n as_o in_o almost_o any_o part_n of_o the_o habitable_a world_n and_o by_o my_o inquiry_n i_o 〈◊〉_d that_o even_o in_o freeze_a region_n themselves_o a_o congeal_a degree_n of_o cold_a pierce_v nothing_o near_o so_o deep_a into_o the_o earth_n and_o sea_n as_o one_o will_v imagine_v for_o the_o traveller_n i_o speak_v with_o tell_v i_o that_o in_o a_o garden_n in_o musco_n where_o he_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o thing_n i_o inquire_v about_o he_o find_v not_o the_o ground_n to_o be_v freeze_v much_o above_o two_o foot_n deep_a and_o in_o captain_n james_n journal_n the_o most_o that_o i_o find_v and_o that_o too_o where_o he_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o prodigious_o tall_a ice_n they_o have_v in_o january_n concern_v the_o pierce_a of_o the_o frost_n into_o the_o ground_n be_v this_o that_o the_o ground_n at_o 63._o tenfoot_o deep_a be_v freeze_v whence_o by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v gather_v how_o much_o sharp_a cold_n may_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v reign_v in_o that_o island_n than_o even_o in_o russia_n and_o as_o for_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o water_n he_o do_v in_o another_o place_n occasional_o give_v we_o this_o memorable_a account_n of_o it_o where_o he_o relate_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o break_n up_o the_o ice_n in_o the_o freeze_a sea_n that_o surround_v the_o island_n we_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o it_o be_v first_o to_o be_v note_v say_v he_o that_o it_o do_v 86._o not_o freeze_v natural_o above_o six_o foot_n the_o rest_n be_v by_o accident_n such_o be_v that_o ice_n that_o you_o may_v see_v here_o six_o fathom_n thick_a this_o we_o have_v manifest_a proof_n of_o by_o our_o dig_v the_o ice_n out_o of_o the_o ship_n and_o by_o dig_v to_o our_o anchor_n before_o the_o ice_n break_v up_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o account_n not_o concern_v our_o present_a purpose_n i_o forbear_v to_o annex_v only_o take_v notice_n that_o notwithstanding_o our_o late_o mention_a experiment_n of_o freeze_a water_n in_o
as_o it_o can_v to_o its_o temper_n and_o consequent_o to_o the_o same_o temper_n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a and_o then_o with_o the_o warmth_n of_o one_o hand_n the_o include_v ice_n be_v loosen_v from_o the_o glass_n as_o it_o be_v take_v out_o and_o a_o ruler_n divide_v into_o inch_n and_o eight_o be_v lay_v alongst_o it_o with_o a_o knife_n a_o little_a warm_v the_o ice_n be_v soon_o and_o yet_o not_o careless_o divide_v into_o several_a small_a cylinder_n of_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n a_o piece_n and_o these_o cylinder_v thus_o reduce_v to_o as_o sensible_a a_o equality_n as_o we_o can_v be_v nimble_o and_o careful_o put_v into_o the_o several_a liquor_n hereafter_o to_o be_v mention_v and_o while_o we_o ourselves_o watch_v very_o attentive_o till_o each_o of_o these_o icy_a cylinder_n be_v quite_o and_o yet_o but_o just_o dissolve_v we_o cause_v other_o to_o keep_v time_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o pendulum_n who_o vibration_n be_v each_o a_o second_o minute_n or_o 60._o part_n of_o a_o common_a minute_n whereof_o 60._o go_v to_o make_v a_o hour_n and_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o those_o we_o appoint_v to_o watch_v the_o vibration_n of_o the_o pendulum_n notwithstanding_o the_o quickness_n of_o its_o motion_n because_o it_o be_v fit_v to_o a_o little_a instrument_n purposely_o contrive_v for_o such_o nice_a observation_n wherein_o a_o long_a index_n move_v upon_o a_o divide_a dyal_n plate_n do_v very_o manifest_o point_v out_o the_o number_n of_o the_o diadrome_n make_v by_o the_o pendulum_n 3._o this_o experiment_n be_v afterward_o repeat_v twice_o with_o cylinder_n of_o ice_n each_o of_o they_o a_o inch_n long_o and_o though_o the_o success_n of_o these_o trial_n be_v various_a enough_o yet_o we_o shall_v subjoin_v both_o the_o last_o as_o be_v make_v with_o more_o advantage_n than_o the_o first_o that_o the_o more_o light_a may_v be_v gather_v from_o they_o and_o that_o at_o least_o we_o may_v discover_v how_o difficult_a it_o be_v to_o make_v such_o experiment_n in_o this_o matter_n as_o that_o all_o the_o nice_a circumstance_n of_o they_o may_v safe_o be_v rely_v on_o i._o trial._n 1._o oil_n of_o vitriol_n where_o a_o cylinder_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o iuch_n long_o be_v put_v into_o last_v 5._o minute_n 2._o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o which_o the_o ice_n sink_v last_v 12._o minute_n 3._o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la last_v 12_o ½_o minute_n 4._o water_n last_v about_o 12._o minute_n 5._o oil_n of_o turpentine_n last_v not_o good_a 44._o minute_n 6._o air_n last_v 64._o minute_n ii_o trial._n 1._o in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n where_o a_o inch_n of_o cylindrical_a ice_n last_v 3._o minute_n 2._o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n last_v 13._o minute_n 3._o in_o water_n last_v 26._o minute_n 4._o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n last_v 47._o minute_n 5._o in_o salad_n oil_n last_v 52._o minute_n 6._o in_o the_o air_n last_v 152._o minute_n 4._o we_o likewise_o think_v it_o worth_a try_v whether_o there_o will_v be_v any_o difference_n and_o how_o much_o difference_n there_o will_v be_v in_o the_o duration_n of_o piece_n of_o ice_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n and_o figure_n some_o of_o they_o make_v of_o common_a water_n and_o other_o of_o freeze_a wine_n milk_n oil_n urine_n and_o other_o spirituous_a liquor_n these_o several_a piece_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v thaw_v in_o the_o same_o air_n or_o other_o ambient_fw-la liquor_n 5._o we_o also_o try_v whether_o motion_n will_v impart_v a_o heat_n to_o ice_n by_o nimble_o rub_v a_o strong_a piece_n of_o ice_n upon_o a_o plate_n of_o ice_n and_o though_o this_o seem_v to_o hasten_v the_o dissolution_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o icy_a plate_n where_o the_o altrition_n have_v be_v make_v yet_o we_o be_v unwilling_a to_o determine_v the_o matter_n till_o further_a and_o exacter_n trial_n have_v be_v make_v 6._o and_o this_o bring_v into_o my_o mind_n a_o experiment_n that_o have_v by_o some_o be_v think_v very_o strange_a the_o occasion_n i_o remember_v be_v that_o i_o receive_v the_o last_o winter_n the_o honour_n of_o a_o visit_n from_o a_o nobleman_n of_o great_a eminency_n and_o learning_n who_o chance_v to_o come_v in_o while_o i_o be_v make_v some_o trial_n with_o ice_n will_v needs_o know_v what_o i_o be_v do_v with_o it_o but_o the_o presence_n of_o a_o very_a fair_a lady_n in_o who_o hymen_n have_v make_v he_o happy_a and_o of_o some_o other_o company_n of_o that_o sex_n that_o he_o bring_v along_o with_o he_o invite_v i_o to_o give_v he_o the_o answer_n that_o i_o think_v will_v be_v most_o suit_v and_o acceptable_a to_o his_o company_n i_o merry_o tell_v he_o that_o i_o be_v try_v how_o to_o heat_v a_o cold_a liquor_n with_o ice_n and_o to_o satisfy_v he_o that_o be_v no_o impossibility_n i_o hold_v out_o a_o open_a mouth_a glass_n full_a of_o a_o certain_a liquor_n which_o for_o some_o just_a reason_n i_o do_v not_o describe_v but_o do_v plain_o teach_v it_o in_o a_o opportuner_n place_n and_o desire_v they_o to_o feel_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o actual_o cold_a and_o when_o they_o be_v satisfy_v it_o be_v so_o i_o choose_v among_o the_o piece_n ofice_n that_o lie_v by_o i_o that_o i_o judge_v by_o the_o eye_n to_o be_v fit_a for_o my_o purpose_n for_o every_o piece_n be_v not_o so_o for_o a_o reason_n i_o elsewhere_o show_v and_o throw_v it_o into_o this_o liquor_n it_o do_v not_o only_o in_o a_o trice_n vanish_v in_o it_o but_o the_o lady_n i_o be_v mention_v see_v the_o liquor_n smoke_n and_o advance_v hasty_o to_o try_v whether_o it_o be_v real_o warm_a find_v it_o so_o hot_a that_o she_o be_v quick_o fain_o to_o let_v it_o alone_o and_o have_v almost_o burn_v her_o tender_a hand_n with_o which_o she_o have_v in_o spite_n of_o my_o 〈◊〉_d wasion_n take_v hold_v of_o the_o glass_n which_o her_o lord_n himself_o can_v 〈◊〉_d endure_v to_o hold_v in_o he_o but_o this_o experiment_n which_o for_o the_o main_a i_o have_v repeat_v before_o competent_a witness_n though_o it_o be_v not_o impertinent_a to_o the_o history_n of_o cold_a yet_o i_o shall_v not_o build_v much_o upon_o it_o because_o how_o strange_a soever_o many_o have_v be_v please_v to_o think_v it_o i_o shall_v elsewhere_o show_v that_o i_o make_v use_v of_o a_o certain_a unperceivable_a slight_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n do_v as_o well_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o liquor_n and_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o ice_n contribute_v to_o the_o suddenness_n and_o surprizingness_n of_o the_o effect_n 7._o but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o duration_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a i_o think_v those_o much_o mistake_v who_o imagine_v that_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a do_v continual_o depend_v upon_o the_o actual_a presence_n and_o influence_n of_o the_o manifest_a efficient_n as_o the_o light_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v upon_o the_o sun_n or_o fire_n or_o other_o luminous_a body_n upon_o who_o removal_n it_o immediate_o cease_v for_o when_o cold_a agent_n have_v actual_o bring_v a_o dispose_v subject_n to_o a_o state_n of_o congelation_n though_o the_o manifest_a efficient_a cause_n cease_v from_o act_v or_o perhaps_o from_o be_v the_o effect_n may_v yet_o continue_v for_o in_o most_o case_n if_o a_o certain_a texture_n be_v once_o produce_v in_o a_o body_n it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o constancy_n of_o nature_n that_o it_o persevere_v in_o that_o state_n till_o it_o be_v forcible_o put_v out_o of_o it_o by_o some_o agent_n capable_a to_o overpower_v it_o and_o though_o we_o usual_o see_v ice_n and_o snow_n as_o it_o be_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n to_o melt_v away_o when_o the_o frosty_a constitution_n of_o the_o air_n cease_v yet_o the_o cause_n of_o that_o may_v be_v not_o bare_o the_o cessation_n of_o frosty_a weather_n but_o that_o those_o easy_o dissoluble_a body_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o free_a air_n which_o be_v heat_v by_o the_o sun_n beam_n and_o perhaps_o by_o calorifick_a expiration_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v furnish_v with_o a_o actual_a cause_n upon_o who_o account_n it_o destroy_v the_o texture_n of_o the_o ice_n and_o snow_n but_o even_o here_o above_o ground_n if_o snow_n be_v well_o compact_v into_o great_a mass_n in_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o closeness_n of_o the_o little_a icickle_n but_o little_a air_n be_v allow_v to_o get_v between_o they_o i_o have_v see_v such_o mass_n of_o snow_n last_o so_o long_o not_o only_o in_o thaw_v but_o in_o rainy_a weather_n as_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o and_o if_o such_o snow_n or_o ice_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o place_n where_o it_o may_v be_v fence_v from_o the_o sun_n and_o other_o external_a enemy_n though_o the_o place_n it_o be_v lodge_v in_o be_v not_o any_o thing_n near_o cold_a enough_o to_o produce_v ice_n yet_o it_o will_v as_o some_o trial_n
quality_n there_o will_v be_v no_o cause_n to_o bring_v in_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la upon_o who_o account_n particular_a body_n must_v be_v cold_a since_o to_o make_v this_o or_o that_o body_n so_o it_o suffice_v that_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o fire_n or_o some_o other_o agent_n whatever_o it_o be_v that_o agitate_a more_o vehement_o its_o part_n before_o do_v now_o either_o cease_v to_o agitate_v they_o or_o agitate_v they_o but_o very_o remissly_a so_o that_o till_o it_o be_v determine_v whether_o can_v be_v a_o positive_a quality_n or_o but_o a_o privative_a it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o contend_v what_o particular_a body_n ought_v to_o be_v esteem_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la in_o the_o sense_n above_o specify_v 4._o second_o though_o it_o be_v take_v for_o grant_v not_o only_o by_o the_o school_n but_o by_o their_o adversary_n the_o chemist_n that_o heat_n and_o moisture_n dryness_n and_o gravity_n and_o i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o other_o quality_n must_v have_v each_o of_o they_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o a_o principal_a subject_n to_o reside_v in_o upon_o who_o account_n and_o by_o participation_n of_o which_o that_o quality_n belong_v to_o the_o other_o body_n wherein_o it_o be_v to_o be_v meet_v with_o though_o this_o be_v so_o i_o say_v yet_o we_o have_v chemist_n elsewhere_o full_o enough_o manifest_v that_o this_o fundamental_a notion_n upon_o which_o much_o of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o quality_n be_v both_o by_o aristotelian_o and_o vulgar_a chemist_n superstruct_v be_v but_o a_o unwarrantable_a conceit_n and_o therefore_o not_o sufficient_a for_o a_o wary_a naturalist_n to_o build_v the_o notion_n of_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la upon_z there_o be_v indeed_o many_o quality_n as_o gravity_n and_o figure_n and_o motion_n and_o colour_n and_o sound_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o no_o true_a and_o genuine_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d can_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v ever_o yet_o discover_v be_v assign_v and_o because_o heat_n and_o cold_a be_v look_v upon_o as_o diametrical_o opposite_a quality_n we_o may_v consider_v that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o heat_n since_o stone_n and_o metal_n and_o plant_n and_o animal_n and_o very_o few_o except_v all_o consistent_a body_n we_o be_v conversant_a with_o may_v by_o motion_n be_v bring_v to_o heat_n which_o to_o attribute_v to_o the_o participation_n of_o some_o portion_n or_o other_o of_o the_o imaginary_a element_n of_o fire_n be_v not_o only_o precarious_a be_v affirm_v by_o many_o and_o flame_n prove_v by_o none_o but_o erroneous_a or_o at_o least_o needless_a as_o we_o have_v more_o at_o large_a declare_v in_o other_o paper_n 5._o a_o three_o thing_n that_o induce_v i_o to_o question_v whether_o there_o be_v a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la be_v that_o among_o those_o body_n that_o the_o chief_a sect_n of_o philosopher_n whether_o ancient_n or_o modern_a have_v pitch_v upon_o there_o be_v not_o any_o that_o seem_v clear_o to_o deserve_v the_o title_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o to_o make_v this_o appear_v we_o must_v distinct_o though_o as_o brief_o as_o our_o design_n will_v permit_v consider_v those_o four_o several_a body_n which_o we_o have_v at_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o section_n take_v notice_n of_o to_o stand_v in_o competition_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o philosopher_n for_o the_o title_n of_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 6._o first_o than_o plutarch_n and_o other_o contend_v that_o it_o be_v the_o earth_n but_o to_o omit_v other_o argument_n we_o see_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v freeze_v not_o by_o its_o own_o cold_a but_o by_o its_o vicinity_n to_o the_o air_n as_o may_v be_v argue_v by_o this_o viz._n that_o the_o congeal_a cold_a even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n affect_v but_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o it_o border_n on_o the_o air_n and_o seldom_o pierce_v above_o a_o few_o foot_n or_o at_o most_o yard_n beneath_o that_o part_n wherein_o the_o earth_n be_v expose_v and_o immediate_o contiguous_a to_o the_o air_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o what_o we_o have_v former_o deliver_v concern_v the_o small_a depth_n to_o which_o frost_n reach_v in_o the_o ground_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v protect_v from_o the_o air_n though_o by_o so_o cold_a a_o body_n as_o water_n it_o may_v be_v keep_v unfrozen_a all_o the_o winter_n long_o as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o that_o remarkable_a practice_n in_o the_o great_a salt-marsh_n of_o the_o french_a island_n of_o xaintonge_n where_o as_o a_o diligent_a writer_n of_o that_o country_n very_o well_o verse_v in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o french_a salt_n inform_v we_o when_o once_o the_o season_n of_o coagulate_a salt_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v quite_o past_a the_o owner_n be_v careful_a by_o open_v certain_a sluice_n to_o overflow_v all_o the_o bank_n and_o dam_n that_o make_v and_o divide_v the_o salt-pond_n and_o serve_v for_o the_o workman_n to_o pass_v to_o commum_fw-la and_o fro_o for_o say_v my_o author_n in_o his_o own_o language_n if_o they_o leave_v those_o marsh_n or_o salt-work_n uncovered_v the_o frost_n will_v make_v such_o havoc_n among_o they_o that_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o make_v they_o up_o again_o every_o year_n but_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o water_n they_o be_v preserve_v or_o keep_v in_o repair_n from_o year_n to_o year_n which_o practise_v i_o the_o rather_o mention_v because_o the_o hint_n it_o afford_v as_o it_o be_v considerable_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n so_o it_o may_v on_o some_o occasion_n be_v applicable_a to_o practice_n useful_a to_o humane_a society_n 7._o beside_o the_o earth_n be_v according_a to_o those_o we_o reason_n with_o the_o cold_a heavy_a and_o solid_a of_o element_n it_o be_v not_o so_o probable_a as_o to_o excuse_v they_o from_o the_o need_n of_o prove_v it_o that_o those_o excessive_o cold_a agent_n that_o freeze_v the_o cloud_n into_o snow_n and_o hail_n shall_v be_v 〈◊〉_d exhalation_n carry_v up_o to_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n especial_o since_o it_o must_v be_v do_v by_o agent_n either_o hard_a to_o be_v guess_v at_o or_o considerable_o hot_a and_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o if_o elementary_a corpuscle_n steam_v from_o the_o earth_n have_v such_o a_o congeal_a cold_a where_o they_o be_v disunite_v and_o but_o intersperse_v among_o the_o particle_n of_o air_n the_o mass_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o whence_o those_o exhalation_n be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v shall_v not_o be_v able_a also_o to_o congeal_v water_n since_o the_o terrestrial_a corpuscle_n be_v more_o thick_o set_v and_o unite_v in_o a_o clod_n of_o earth_n then_o in_o a_o equal_a portion_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n it_o seem_v that_o where_o the_o frigorifick_a matter_n be_v more_o dense_a the_o cold_a shall_v be_v more_o vehement_a as_o philosopher_n observe_v that_o heat_n be_v more_o intense_a in_o a_o glow_a bar_n of_o iron_n than_o a_o equal_a portion_n of_o the_o flame_n of_o kindle_a straw_n 8._o but_o not_o to_o repeat_v what_o we_o former_o mention_v about_o cold_n be_v a_o privation_n there_o be_v another_o argument_n against_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la and_o that_o be_v take_v from_o the_o subterraneal_a fire_n which_o break_v forth_o in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o in_o aetna_n vesuvius_n hecla_n the_o pico_n of_o tenariffe_n etc._n etc._n seem_v to_o argue_v a_o subterraneal_a fire_n upon_o who_o existence_n not_o only_o many_o chemist_n build_v great_a matter_n but_o even_o divers_a philosopher_n have_v adopt_v it_o and_o the_o learned_a gassendus_fw-la himself_n seem_v so_o far_o to_o countenance_v it_o as_o to_o employ_v it_o as_o one_o argument_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v natural_o neither_o hot_a nor_o cold_a the_o mention_n of_o this_o subterraneal_a fire_n bring_v into_o my_o mind_n some_o thing_n that_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o among_o good_a though_o not_o classic_a author_n and_o among_o man_n that_o have_v be_v either_o digger_n of_o or_o conversant_a in_o mine_n not_o improper_a to_o be_v here_o take_v notice_n of_o for_o though_o i_o do_v not_o now_o intend_v to_o declare_v my_o opinion_n about_o the_o central_n fire_n either_o of_o the_o chemist_n or_o cartesian_o and_o though_o the_o example_n new_o mention_v and_o such_o other_o seem_v to_o i_o but_o very_o inconsiderable_a in_o reference_n to_o the_o whole_a earth_n yet_o it_o be_v observable_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v so_o much_o subterraneal_a heat_n or_o warmth_n at_o least_o general_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o for_o even_o where_o there_o appear_v no_o manifest_a sign_n of_o subterraneal_a fire_n i_o have_v know_v those_o that_o be_v wont_a to_o go_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o deep_a mine_n complain_v that_o a_o very_a
little_a exercise_n will_v put_v they_o into_o a_o great_a sweat_n and_o a_o learned_a and_o experience_a french_a doctor_n that_o have_v write_v in_o his_o own_o language_n of_o stone_n and_o jewel_n affirm_v that_o in_o such_o mine_n the_o subterraneal_a vapour_n and_o exhalation_n be_v visible_o so_o abundant_a and_o likewise_o so_o hot_a that_o the_o mine-man_n be_v constrain_v which_o a_o person_n i_o speak_v with_o affirm_v to_o i_o touch_v himself_o to_o work_v in_o their_o shirt_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a heat_n they_o there_o feel_v and_o though_o i_o will_v have_v be_v glad_a to_o know_v whether_o those_o deep_a place_n will_v have_v appear_v as_o hot_a when_o judge_v of_o by_o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n as_o they_o do_v to_o the_o mine-mens_n sensory_n because_o of_o some_o little_a doubt_n i_o harbour_v whether_o much_o of_o that_o copious_a sweat_v and_o seem_a heat_n may_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o dampish_a air_n and_o its_o 2._o unfitness_n for_o respiration_n yet_o because_o a_o virtuoso_fw-la that_o have_v a_o lead-mine_a of_o his_o own_o in_o which_o he_o wrought_v himself_o for_o curiosity_n answer_v i_o that_o he_o be_v not_o wont_a to_o find_v any_o difficulty_n of_o breathe_v in_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v so_o apt_a to_o sweat_v and_o since_o i_o find_v not_o that_o other_o have_v complain_v of_o have_v their_o respiration_n incommodate_v in_o such_o place_n unless_o by_o accidental_a damp_n my_o scruple_n be_v much_o abate_v and_o the_o rather_o because_o the_o author_n late_o mention_v ibid._n express_o affirm_v that_o the_o sudorific_a heat_n if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o well_o in_o summer_n 〈◊〉_d in_o winter_n which_o prevent_v the_o ascribe_v of_o it_o to_o antiperistasis_n and_o in_o other_o place_n than_o mines_n it_o be_v general_o observe_v that_o well_n and_o spring_n freeze_v not_o if_o the_o place_n whence_o the_o water_n be_v draw_v be_v very_o deep_a but_o as_o we_o have_v observe_v elsewhere_o that_o it_o oft_o come_v up_o smoke_v and_o as_o it_o be_v reak_a which_o argue_v that_o at_o the_o least_o the_o earth_n wherein_o it_o be_v harbour_v or_o through_o which_o it_o pass_v be_v if_o not_o warm_a free_a from_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o may_v be_v expect_a in_o the_o earth_n if_o it_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la nor_o can_v it_o be_v reasonable_o pretend_v that_o the_o subterraneal_a heat_n come_v from_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n since_o learned_a man_n have_v observe_v that_o 2._o those_o heat_n not_o the_o earth_n above_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n deep_a even_o in_o southern_a country_n and_o though_o we_o shall_v allow_v they_o to_o pierce_v three_o time_n as_o far_o yet_o that_o will_v not_o be_v considerable_a to_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o mine_n above_o mention_v and_o if_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o its_o own_o nature_n cold_a and_o receive_v the_o heat_n it_o disclose_v only_o from_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n the_o deep_a man_n dig_v the_o lesser_a of_o heat_n and_o steam_n they_o will_v meet_v with_o whereas_o the_o above_o cite_a french_a minerallist_n affirm_v that_o the_o low_a they_o go_v the_o more_o vapour_n exhalation_n and_o heat_n they_o find_v 9_o but_o because_o this_o learned_a man_n deliver_v this_o circumstance_n in_o a_o dogmatical_a rather_o than_o a_o historical_a way_n i_o will_v add_v somewhat_o out_o of_o a_o relation_n whence_o i_o have_v air._n elsewhere_o take_v other_o particular_n make_v by_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d likewise_o that_o have_v 〈◊〉_d curiosity_n to_o descend_v himself_o into_o the_o deep_a mine_n of_o hungary_n some_o of_o which_o that_o he_o go_v down_o into_o may_v be_v collect_v by_o his_o narrative_a to_o have_v three_o or_o four_o 〈◊〉_d fathom_n that_o be_v eighteen_o or_o twenty_o four_o hundred_o foot_n of_o perpendicular_a depth_n this_o author_n than_o relate_v that_o after_o he_o have_v descend_v about_o 180._o or_o a_o hundred_o fathom_n he_o come_v into_o a_o very_a warm_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o last_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o mine_n and_o be_v so_o 〈◊〉_d both_o winter_n and_o summer_n that_o the_o laborors_n be_v wont_n to_o work_v in_o it_o without_o their_o clothes_n and_o he_o be_v scarce_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o heat_n of_o it_o although_o the_o external_a air_n be_v very_o hot_a the_o weather_n be_v very_o fair_a and_o the_o month_n july_n fodiatur_fw-la he_o add_v that_o he_o have_v demand_v of_o the_o overseer_n of_o the_o mine_n whence_o this_o heat_n come_v he_o be_v answer_v to_o that_o and_o several_a other_o question_n that_o it_o come_v from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o in_o all_o deep_a mine_n after_o one_o be_v past_o the_o cold_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n one_o come_v into_o a_o region_n that_o be_v perpetual_o warm_a and_o that_o where_o ever_o they_o dig_v the_o ground_n after_o they_o be_v come_v to_o such_o a_o depth_n which_o he_o elsewhere_o mention_n to_o be_v about_o 80._o or_o a_o hundred_o fathom_n they_o feel_v no_o more_o any_o cold_a but_o a_o perpetual_a heat_n how_o deep_a soever_o they_o dig_v etc._n yet_o without_o observe_v that_o after_o they_o be_v once_o into_o that_o warm_a region_n they_o find_v the_o heat_n sensible_o increase_v the_o near_o they_o approach_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n unless_o by_o accident_n they_o happen_v to_o dig_v through_o vein_n of_o hot_a mineral_n and_o these_o answer_n subjoin_v my_o author_n i_o receive_v not_o in_o one_o mine_n alone_o or_o from_o a_o single_a overseer_n but_o in_o all_o the_o mine_n and_o from_o all_o the_o master_n of_o they_o so_o that_o if_o these_o be_v not_o mistake_v we_o may_v safe_o conclude_v that_o as_o far_o as_o experience_n can_v inform_v we_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o its_o lowermost_a part_n where_o it_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v cold_a be_v every_o where_o and_o that_o considerable_o hot_a i_o say_v if_o these_o mine-man_n be_v not_o mistake_v because_o have_v be_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o mine_n myself_o though_o i_o find_v it_o acknowledge_v that_o it_o be_v still_o warm_a in_o the_o bottom_n of_o deep_a one_o yet_o i_o confess_v i_o somewhat_o suspect_v by_o what_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o this_o degree_n of_o heat_n which_o our_o french_a physician_n find_v in_o the_o hungarian_a mine_n may_v be_v rather_o in_o great_a part_n from_o the_o peculiar_a nature_n of_o those_o place_n or_o of_o the_o mineral_n generate_v there_o then_o bare_o as_o he_o and_o those_o that_o inform_v he_o suppose_v from_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o depth_n beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o i_o know_v several_a mixture_n beside_o those_o that_o be_v common_a of_o body_n neither_o of_o they_o actual_o hot_a which_o will_v produce_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o very_o credible_a eye_n witness_n affirm_v that_o in_o some_o part_n of_o england_n they_o dig_v up_o good_a store_n of_o a_o kind_n of_o mineral_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v of_o a_o vitriolate_a nature_n which_o by_o the_o bare_a addition_n of_o common_a water_n will_v grow_v hot_a almost_o to_o ignition_n so_o that_o the_o hungarian_a mine_n be_v deep_a and_o as_o appear_v by_o our_o author_n narrative_a be_v not_o 〈◊〉_d of_o water_n enough_o to_o make_v a_o subterraneal_a spring_n in_o the_o mine_n its_o self_n beside_o what_o water_n may_v plentiful_o ascend_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n and_o moisten_v the_o oar_n it_o may_v be_v suspect_v that_o either_o the_o water_n or_o some_o appropriate_v mineral_n spirit_n or_o juice_n of_o which_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v contain_v divers_a that_o we_o know_v nothing_o of_o may_v produce_v together_o with_o the_o mineral_n a_o warm_a steam_n which_o for_o want_v of_o sufficient_a vent_n in_o those_o narrow_a and_o close_a place_n may_v heat_v they_o considerable_o which_o conjecture_n may_v be_v countenance_v by_o these_o three_o circumstance_n that_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o our_o author_n narrative_a one_o that_o the_o smoke_n that_o copious_o ascend_v out_o of_o the_o mine_n by_o the_o perpendicular_a grove_n be_v not_o bare_o hot_a but_o consist_v of_o stink_a exhalation_n which_o be_v so_o saline_a and_o fret_v as_o oftentimes_o to_o corrode_v and_o spoil_v both_o the_o wooden_a ladder_n or_o stair_n and_o the_o iron_n instrument_n of_o the_o digger_n the_o other_o that_o the_o overseer_n themselves_o of_o the_o mine_n tell_v morinus_n as_o we_o late_o see_v that_o they_o in_o some_o place_n meet_v with_o vein_n of_o hot_a mineral_n which_o make_v it_o hot_a than_o the_o bare_a vicinity_n of_o those_o place_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v have_v do_v and_o last_o
i_o shall_v content_v myself_o to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o obvious_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o cold_a that_o in_o river_n pond_n and_o other_o receptacle_n of_o water_n the_o congelation_n begin_v at_o the_o top_n where_o the_o liquor_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o immediate_a contact_n of_o the_o air_n which_o sufficient_o argue_v that_o the_o air_n be_v cold_a than_o the_o water_n since_o it_o be_v able_a not_o only_o sensible_o to_o refrigerate_v it_o but_o to_o deprive_v it_o of_o its_o fluidity_n and_o congeal_v it_o into_o ice_n whereas_o if_o the_o water_n itself_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la either_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v at_o least_o as_o to_o the_o major_a part_n of_o it_o always_o congeal_v or_o we_o may_v just_o demand_v a_o reason_n why_o when_o it_o do_v freeze_v the_o glaciation_n shall_v not_o begin_v in_o the_o middle_n or_o at_o the_o bottom_n as_o soon_o as_o at_o the_o top_n if_o not_o soon_o and_o our_o argument_n against_o the_o precedency_n of_o the_o water_n in_o point_n of_o coldness_n may_v be_v strengthen_v by_o this_o that_o frost_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v hard_a when_o the_o air_n be_v very_o clear_a and_o free_a from_o aqueous_a vapour_n whereas_o in_o rainy_a weather_n wherein_o such_o vapour_n most_o abound_v the_o cold_a be_v wont_a to_o be_v far_o more_o remiss_a to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v what_o we_o late_o deliver_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o navigator_n that_o even_o in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n the_o main_a sea_n where_o yet_o the_o water_n be_v in_o the_o great_a mass_n and_o so_o most_o likely_a as_o well_o as_o advantage_v to_o disclose_v its_o nature_n never_o freeze_v though_o the_o strait_o and_o bay_n and_o gulf_n be_v freeze_v over_o which_o argue_v that_o the_o great_a degree_n of_o cold_a be_v rather_o to_o be_v assign_v to_o the_o air_n or_o to_o the_o earth_n then_o to_o the_o water_n which_o by_o the_o practice_n former_o mention_v of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o french_a salt_n marsh_n appear_v to_o be_v when_o it_o be_v of_o a_o considerable_a depth_n fit_a to_o preserve_v body_n from_o congelation_n then_o to_o congeal_v they_o which_o instance_n i_o the_o rather_o repeat_v because_o it_o seem_v to_o argue_v that_o the_o water_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o dispose_v to_o receive_v any_o very_a intense_a degree_n of_o cold_a at_o a_o remote_a distance_n from_o the_o air_n for_o though_o navigator_n tell_v we_o of_o exceed_v thick_a piece_n of_o ice_n yet_o as_o we_o have_v already_o elsewhere_o note_v we_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o congeal_a cold_n have_v pierce_v any_o thing_n near_o so_o much_o as_o that_o thickness_n amount_v to_o from_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n direct_o downward_o for_o though_o it_o be_v no_o great_a matter_n if_o it_o do_v in_o comparison_n of_o that_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o though_o the_o water_n be_v natural_o cold_a the_o sharp_a air_n be_v unable_a to_o congeal_v yet_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o prove_v that_o those_o thick_a mass_n of_o ice_n be_v not_o solid_a and_o entire_a piece_n but_o rather_o heap_n of_o many_o 〈◊〉_d and_o other_o fragment_n of_o ice_n which_o run_v upon_o one_o another_o or_o slide_v under_o one_o another_o be_v by_o the_o congelation_n of_o the_o intercept_a water_n and_o perchance_o half_o thaw_v snow_n as_o it_o be_v cement_v together_o into_o misshapen_v and_o unwieldy_a mass_n which_o conjecture_n agree_v very_o well_o with_o that_o observation_n of_o the_o ingenious_a captain_n james_n which_o he_o deliver_v in_o these_o word_n it_o seldom_o rain_v after_o the_o middle_n of_o september_n but_o snow_n and_o that_o snow_n will_v not_o melt_v on_o the_o land_n nor_o sand_n at_o low_a water_n when_o it_o snow_v which_o it_o do_v very_o often_o the_o sand_n be_v all_o cover_v over_o with_o it_o which_o the_o half_a tide_n carry_v 〈◊〉_d ous_o twice_o in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n into_o the_o great_a bay_n which_o be_v the_o common_a rendezvous_n of_o it_o every_o low_a water_n be_v the_o sand_n leave_v clear_a to_o gather_v more_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o it_o thus_o do_v it_o daily_o gather_v in_o this_o manner_n till_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o octob._n and_o by_o that_o time_n have_v it_o bring_v the_o sea_n to_o that_o coldness_n that_o as_o it_o snow_v the_o snow_n will_v lie_v upon_o the_o water_n in_o flake_n without_o change_v its_o colour_n but_o with_o the_o wind_n be_v wrought_v together_o and_o as_o the_o winter_n go_v forward_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n or_o more_o in_o one_o night_n which_o be_v carry_v with_o the_o half_a tide_n meet_v with_o some_o obstacle_n as_o it_o soon_o do_v and_o then_o it_o crumple_v and_o so_o run_v upon_o itself_o that_o in_o few_o hour_n it_o will_v be_v five_o or_o six_o foot_n thick_a the_o half_a tide_n still_o flow_v carry_v it_o so_o fast_o away_o that_o by_o december_n it_o be_v grow_v to_o a_o infinite_a multiplication_n of_o ice_n thus_o far_o this_o navigator_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v another_o passage_n out_o of_o one_o of_o his_o countryman_n mr._n hudson_n famous_a for_o the_o northern_a discovery_n that_o bear_v his_o name_n by_o which_o add_v to_o what_o have_v be_v elsewhere_o deliver_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n we_o may_v be_v invite_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o vast_a hill_n and_o island_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v to_o be_v meet_v with_o about_o the_o strait_o of_o weigat_n and_o elsewhere_o be_v not_o generate_v of_o the_o sea_n itself_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v no_o marvel_n say_v he_o that_o there_o be_v so_o much_o ice_n in_o the_o sea_n towards_o the_o pole_n so_o many_o sound_v and_o river_n be_v in_o the_o land_n of_o nova_n zembla_n and_o newland_n to_o engender_v it_o beside_o the_o coast_n of_o pechora_n russia_n and_o greenland_n with_o lappia_n as_o by_o proof_n i_o find_v by_o my_o travel_n in_o these_o part_n 15._o but_o for_o all_o this_o i_o think_v not_o fit_a as_o do_v the_o ingenious_a gassendus_fw-la and_o some_o other_o to_o make_v the_o water_n indifferent_a as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a for_o as_o i_o former_o note_v concern_v the_o earth_n so_o i_o must_v now_o represent_v touch_v the_o water_n that_o set_v aside_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v but_o adventitious_a where_o it_o do_v operate_v and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d many_o vast_a portion_n of_o that_o element_n which_o it_o 〈◊〉_d not_o 〈◊〉_d reach_v the_o insensible_a part_n of_o water_n be_v much_o less_o agitate_a than_o those_o of_o our_o sensory_n temperate_o dispose_v and_o consequent_o may_v in_o regard_n of_o we_o be_v judge_v cold_a for_o though_o water_n be_v a_o liquor_n i_o ready_o allow_v it_o a_o various_a motion_n of_o its_o component_a corpuscle_n that_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v a_o body_n fluid_fw-la yet_o such_o a_o agitation_n which_o be_v sufficient_a for_o fluidity_n may_v be_v and_o often_o be_v far_o more_o remiss_a then_o that_o of_o the_o spirit_n blood_n and_o other_o liquor_n of_o so_o hot_a a_o sanguineous_a animal_n as_o man_n as_o we_o see_v that_o urine_n though_o after_o it_o have_v be_v long_o omit_v it_o continue_v a_o fluid_a body_n yet_o its_o part_n be_v far_o less_o agitate_a than_o they_o be_v when_o it_o come_v hot_a and_o reek_v out_o of_o the_o bladder_n 16._o and_o upon_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v what_o by_o inquiry_n i_o have_v learn_v that_o except_o the_o part_n somewhat_o near_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n which_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o neighbour_a lower_v region_n of_o the_o air_n may_v give_v some_o warmth_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v very_o cold_a for_o be_v very_o well_o acquaint_v with_o one_o that_o for_o some_o time_n get_v a_o livelihood_n by_o go_v down_o into_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o fetch_v up_o what_o can_v be_v recover_v out_o of_o shipwrack_a vessel_n i_o purposely_o inquire_v of_o he_o what_o cold_a he_o feel_v under_o water_n and_o he_o more_o than_o once_o tell_v i_o that_o though_o near_a the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n the_o cold_a be_v very_o moderate_a yet_o when_o he_o be_v necessitate_v to_o descend_v a_o great_a depth_n he_o find_v it_o so_o great_a that_o he_o can_v not_o very_o long_o support_v it_o and_o particular_o he_o tell_v i_o that_o have_v occasion_n to_o descend_v about_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o fathom_n deep_a which_o be_v nothing_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o many_o sea_n to_o fasten_v rope_n to_o the_o ordinance_n of_o a_o great_a ship_n that_o be_v some_o year_n since_o cast_v away_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o one_o of_o the_o northern_a country_n though_o the_o engine_n that_o be_v let_v down_o
with_o he_o supply_v he_o so_o well_o with_o air_n that_o he_o be_v not_o incommodate_v in_o point_n of_o respiration_n and_o though_o he_o feel_v no_o other_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v dissuade_v his_o tarry_n long_a yet_o the_o cold_a be_v so_o great_a and_o troublesome_a that_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v it_o above_o two_o or_o three_o hour_n but_o be_v constrain_v to_o remount_v to_o a_o mild_a as_o well_o as_o a_o high_a region_n i_o wish_v several_a time_n he_o have_v have_v with_o he_o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n for_o ordinary_a thermometer_n will_v on_o that_o occasion_n have_v be_v unserviceable_a to_o prevent_v some_o little_a doubt_n that_o may_v be_v make_v whether_o the_o intense_a cold_a he_o feel_v may_v not_o be_v only_o and_o chief_o in_o reference_n to_o his_o body_n which_o may_v be_v so_o alter_v and_o dispose_v by_o this_o new_a briny_a ambient_fw-la as_o to_o make_v such_o a_o disturbance_n in_o the_o course_n or_o texture_n of_o his_o blood_n as_o that_o which_o make_v aguish_a person_n so_o cold_a at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o fit_a though_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la body_n continue_v the_o same_o but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o only_a person_n that_o find_v the_o sea_n exceed_o cold_a for_o i_o remember_v 1._o beguinus_n relate_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o marseillian_a knight_n that_o be_v overseer_n of_o the_o coral-fishing_a in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tunis_n that_o have_v upon_o that_o coast_n let_v down_o a_o young_a man_n to_o feel_v whether_o coral_n be_v hard_a or_o soft_a as_o it_o grow_v in_o the_o water_n when_o this_o man_n be_v come_v about_o eight_o fathom_n near_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o feel_v it_o exceed_o cold_a to_o which_o we_o shall_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o a_o sober_a traveller_n josephus_n acosta_n who_o tell_v 11._o we_o that_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n remarkable_a that_o in_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o water_n can_v be_v make_v hot_a by_o the_o violence_n 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and_o 〈◊〉_d somewhat_o strange_a to_o i_o that_o chemist_n who_o make_v such_o frequent_a solution_n of_o nitre_n and_o ofrentimes_o with_o less_o water_n then_o be_v sufficient_a to_o dissolve_v it_o all_o so_o that_o by_o consequence_n the_o proportion_n of_o the_o nitre_n to_o the_o water_n must_v have_v run_v through_o almost_o all_o the_o possible_a measure_n of_o proportion_n shall_v never_o so_o much_o as_o by_o chance_n as_o i_o can_v hear_v have_v observe_v any_o such_o matter_n and_o that_o which_o make_v i_o thus_o interpret_v gassendus_fw-la his_fw-la meaning_n though_o in_o one_o of_o the_o two_o passage_n wherein_o he_o set_v down_o this_o experiment_n he_o mention_n also_o snow_n or_o ice_n to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o nitre_n be_v that_o in_o the_o first_o of_o those_o two_o passage_n he_o ascribe_v the_o congelation_n to_o
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come_n in_o of_o clear_a and_o frosty_a weather_n the_o atmosphere_n will_v very_o early_o appear_v sensible_o heavy_a than_o before_o and_o continue_v so_o as_o long_o as_o the_o cold_a and_o clear_a weather_n last_v yet_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o consideration_n and_o trial_n that_o breed_v some_o scruple_n in_o i_o i_o refer_v the_o matter_n to_o more_o frequent_a and_o last_a observation_n than_o i_o yet_o have_v be_v able_a to_o make_v in_o which_o it_o will_v concern_v those_o that_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o prosecute_v such_o trial_n not_o only_o to_o consider_v whether_o or_o no_o the_o increase_a gravity_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v not_o proceed_v from_o some_o other_o cause_n than_o the_o come_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n into_o the_o air_n but_o to_o have_v a_o special_a care_n that_o their_o barascope_n be_v more_o careful_o free_v from_o the_o air_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o lurk_v in_o quick_a silver_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o other_o liquor_n than_o those_o in_o the_o 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because_o the_o cold_a by_o condense_v precipitate_v the_o vapour_n that_o thicken_v the_o air_n and_o by_o freeze_a the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n keep_v in_o the_o steam_n that_o will_v else_o arise_v to_o thicken_v the_o air_n not_o to_o dispute_v 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v not_o also_o somewhat_o repress_v the_o vapour_n that_o will_v be_v afford_v by_o the_o water_n itself_o since_o some_o of_o our_o navigator_n observe_v that_o even_o when_o it_o be_v not_o cold_a enough_o to_o freeze_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o will_v so_o far_o chill_a and_o infrigidate_v it_o that_o the_o snow_n will_v lie_v on_o it_o without_o melt_v 19_o i_o remember_v a_o swedish_n extraordinary_a ambassador_n and_o a_o very_a know_a person_n who_o i_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v particular_o acquaint_v with_o will_v say_v when_o he_o see_v a_o frosty_a day_n accompany_v with_o great_a clearness_n that_o it_o then_o look_v like_o a_o swedish_n winter_n where_o when_o once_o the_o frosty_a 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and_o other_o star_n i_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o work_n of_o no_o small_a difficulty_n and_o that_o will_v require_v much_o consideration_n as_o well_o as_o time_n wherefore_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v two_o or_o three_o narrative_n supply_v i_o by_o navigator_n without_o add_v at_o present_a any_o thing_n to_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n 21._o the_o first_o be_v that_o famous_a observation_n of_o the_o dutch_a in_o nova_n zembla_n who_o take_v great_a pain_n to_o evince_v by_o several_a circumstance_n some_o of_o they_o high_o probable_a that_o they_o be_v not_o mistake_v in_o their_o account_n of_o time_n according_a to_o which_o they_o conclude_v that_o they_o see_v the_o sun_n who_o they_o have_v lose_v sight_n of_o eleven_o week_n before_o about_o fourteen_o day_n soon_o than_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v appear_v to_o they_o which_o difference_n have_v be_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v to_o the_o contrary_a by_o all_o that_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o ascribe_v to_o the_o strange_o 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may_v be_v very_o warrantable_o question_v for_o it_o be_v evident_a in_o water_n we_o expose_v to_o freeze_v in_o large_a vessel_n that_o the_o congelation_n begin_v at_o the_o surface_n where_o the_o liquor_n be_v 〈◊〉_d to_o the_o air_n and_o thence_o as_o the_o cold_a continue_v to_o prevail_v the_o ice_n increase_v and_o thicken_v downward_o and_o therefore_o we_o see_v that_o frog_n retire_v themselves_o in_o frosty_a weather_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o ditch_n whence_o i_o have_v have_v many_o of_o they_o take_v out_o very_o brisk_a and_o vigorous_a from_o under_o the_o thick_a ice_n that_o cover_v the_o water_n and_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o a_o observe_a person_n that_o at_o least_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v usual_a in_o winter_n for_o shoal_n of_o fish_n to_o retire_v to_o those_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n if_o not_o of_o river_n also_o where_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o summer_n beside_o if_o rivers_n be_v freeze_v at_o the_o 〈◊〉_d we_o must_v very_o 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which_o can_v not_o be_v do_v if_o the_o water_n they_o stand_v under_o freeze_v as_o well_o at_o the_o bottom_n as_o at_o the_o top._n but_o i_o find_v that_o that_o which_o deceive_v our_o watermen_n be_v that_o they_o often_o observe_v flake_n of_o ice_n to_o ascend_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o rivers_n to_o the_o top_n and_o indeed_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o after_o the_o hard_a frost_n have_v continue_v a_o while_n these_o emergent_a piece_n of_o ice_n do_v very_o much_o contribute_v to_o the_o freeze_a over_o of_o rivers_n for_o come_v in_o some_o of_o the_o narrow_a part_n of_o they_o to_o be_v stop_v by_o the_o superficial_a ice_n that_o reach_v on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o river_n a_o good_a way_n from_o the_o bank_n towards_o the_o middle_n those_o flat_a icy_a body_n be_v easy_o cement_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o cold_a and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o contiguous_a water_n to_o one_o another_o and_o by_o degree_n straighten_n and_o at_o length_n choke_v up_o 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the_o river_n whereas_o a_o large_a piece_n of_o ice_n may_v carry_v up_o and_o support_v body_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o a_o great_a 〈◊〉_d in_o case_n the_o ice_n itself_o be_v proportionable_o great_a so_o that_o the_o aggregate_v of_o the_o ice_n and_o heavy_a body_n 〈◊〉_d not_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o water_n on_o which_o occasion_n i_o remember_v that_o captain_n james_n hall_n in_o a_o voyage_n extant_a in_o purchas_n relate_v that_o upon_o a_o large_a piece_n of_o ice_n in_o the_o sea_n they_o find_v a_o great_a stone_n which_o they_o judge_v to_o be_v three_o hundred_o pound_n weight_n but_o of_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o watermen_n we_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o then_o that_o this_o have_v be_v discourse_v but_o upon_o no_o great_a information_n though_o the_o best_a we_o can_v procure_v so_o that_o for_o further_a satisfaction_n it_o be_v to_o be_v desire_v that_o either_o by_o send_v down_o a_o diver_n or_o by_o let_v down_o some_o instrument_n fit_a 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expectation_n the_o tinct_a spirit_n that_o reach_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o pipe_n or_o thereabouts_o will_v be_v retract_v upon_o the_o refrigeration_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o ball_n and_o according_o the_o spirit_n do_v in_o very_o few_o minute_n ascend_v in_o that_o short_a pipe_n above_o a_o inch_n high_o than_o a_o mark_n whereby_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o its_o former_a station_n and_o will_v perhaps_o have_v ascend_v much_o more_o if_o the_o application_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n have_v be_v continue_v by_o which_o and_o another_o succeed_a experiment_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o condensation_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold_a be_v not_o always_o effect_v by_o their_o proper_a gravity_n only_o which_o ordinary_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v the_o part_n fall_v close_o together_o but_o whether_o in_o our_o case_n the_o contraction_n be_v assist_v by_o some_o little_a tenacity_n in_o the_o liquor_n or_o by_o the_o spring_n of_o some_o little_a aerial_a or_o other_o spirituous_a and_o elastic_a particle_n from_o which_o the_o instrument_n be_v not_o perfect_o free_v when_o it_o be_v seal_v up_o or_o which_o happen_v to_o be_v generate_v within_o it_o afterward_o will_v be_v among_o orhe_a thing_n more_o proper_o inquire_v into_o in_o another_o place_n where_o we_o may_v have_v occasion_n to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o experiment_n there_o be_v a_o famous_a tradition_n that_o in_o muscovy_n and_o some_o other_o cold_a country_n it_o be_v usual_a out_o of_o pond_n and_o river_n to_o take_v up_o good_a number_n of_o swallow_n enclose_v in_o piece_n of_o ice_n and_o that_o the_o benumb_v bird_n upon_o the_o thaw_v of_o the_o ice_n in_o a_o warm_a room_n will_v come_v to_o
that_o aphoristical_a say_n of_o hypocrates_n ventres_fw-la hyeme_n esse_fw-la calidiores_fw-la together_o with_o the_o observation_n whereon_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v ground_v i_o will_v not_o now_o examine_v whether_o any_o argument_n for_o the_o contrary_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o heat_n and_o thirst_v man_n feel_v in_o summer_n and_o the_o refreshment_n they_o then_o find_v by_o drink_n and_o fruit_n and_o other_o aliment_n that_o be_v actual_o cold_a for_o that_o which_o i_o principal_o intend_v to_o say_v be_v this_o that_o i_o much_o more_o doubt_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n deliver_v in_o the_o aphorism_n then_o that_o in_o case_n it_o be_v true_a it_o may_v be_v make_v out_o without_o the_o help_n of_o antiperistasis_n in_o the_o vulgar_a and_o scholastic_a notion_n of_o that_o term._n 24._o i_o consider_v then_o first_o that_o the_o proof_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v bring_v of_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o man_n stomach_n in_o winter_n be_v that_o man_n be_v wont_a to_o have_v then_o a_o great_a appetite_n to_o their_o meat_n but_o though_o i_o pay_v so_o much_o respect_n to_o the_o great_a hypocrates_n as_o to_o allow_v the_o aphorism_n in_o a_o sense_n yet_o i_o admit_v it_o to_o be_v true_a but_o upon_o a_o hypothesis_n that_o i_o do_v not_o admit_v to_o be_v so_o for_o the_o aphorism_n suppose_v that_o the_o digestion_n of_o meat_n in_o the_o stomach_n be_v make_v by_o heat_n and_o consequent_o that_o the_o strong_a digestion_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v in_o winter_n be_v a_o argument_n of_o the_o stomach_n be_v then_o hot_a then_o at_o other_o season_n of_o the_o year_n but_o the_o erroniousness_n of_o this_o supposition_n i_o think_v i_o need_v not_o solemn_o prove_v to_o eleutherius_fw-la who_o i_o doubt_v not_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o several_a thing_n in_o nature_n that_o agree_v not_o with_o it_o and_o particular_o of_o the_o strong_a concoction_n that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o stomach_n of_o divers_a ravenous_a fish_n who_o stomach_n and_o blood_n be_v yet_o as_o i_o have_v purposely_o observe_v sensible_o cold_a but_o if_o it_o shall_v in_o some_o case_n prove_v true_a that_o there_o be_v real_o in_o man_n body_n a_o far_o great_a heat_n in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n yet_o this_o will_v not_o infer_v a_o antiperistasis_n in_o the_o sense_n wherein_o i_o oppose_v it_o for_o the_o vital_a heat_n lodge_v in_o the_o heart_n always_o generate_a out_o of_o the_o blood_n and_o juice_n that_o continual_o circulate_v through_o that_o part_n great_a store_n of_o spirit_n and_o warm_a exhalation_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o transpire_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o skin_n in_o much_o great_a quantity_n then_o notwithstanding_o the_o affirmation_n of_o sanctorius_n any_o thing_n but_o my_o own_o trial_n can_v have_v persuade_v i_o these_o warm_a steam_n find_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o skin_n straighten_a and_o shut_v up_o grow_v more_o and_o more_o copious_a in_o the_o body_n and_o thereby_o heat_v the_o stomach_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o internal_a part_n of_o it_o and_o perhaps_o also_o the_o same_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n or_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n that_o produce_v cold_a in_o winter_n may_v by_o shut_v in_o certain_a kind_n of_o effluvia_fw-la or_o perhaps_o alter_v the_o motion_n or_o texture_n of_o the_o blood_n reduce_v it_o to_o such_o a_o disposition_n as_o that_o the_o appetite_n shall_v be_v increase_v as_o well_o as_o the_o concoction_n in_o the_o stomach_n promote_v by_o the_o stomachical_a menstruum_fw-la or_o ferment_n which_o either_o be_v new_o generate_v in_o winter_n or_o more_o copious_o supply_v by_o the_o circulate_v of_o the_o blood_n to_o the_o stomach_n in_o that_o season_n then_o in_o other_o and_o to_o show_v that_o a_o good_a appetite_n may_v be_v procure_v by_o agent_n endow_v with_o very_o distinct_a and_o contrary_a quality_n do_v not_o we_o see_v that_o spicy_a sauce_n wine_n and_o vinegar_n do_v all_o of_o they_o in_o most_o man_n beget_v a_o appetite_n though_o the_o two_o former_a be_v confess_o hot_a and_o the_o latter_a cold_a and_o so_o wormwood_n and_o juice_n of_o lemon_n have_v both_o of_o they_o frequent_o relive_v dull_a and_o weak_a stomach_n though_o the_o one_o be_v confess_o a_o hot_a simple_a and_o the_o other_o a_o cold_a and_o in_o some_o case_n either_o the_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n themselves_o and_o perhaps_o some_o other_o unknown_a to_o we_o that_o they_o may_v bring_v along_o with_o they_o may_v so_o solicit_v the_o stomach_n as_o to_o breed_v a_o eager_a appetite_n not_o precise_o by_o their_o be_v cold_a or_o hot_a but_o by_o their_o peculiar_a nature_n as_o we_o have_v instance_n of_o some_o that_o in_o these_o part_n by_o walk_v on_o the_o snow_n procure_v to_o themselves_o a_o bulimus_fw-la and_o the_o learned_a fromundus_n relate_v how_o he_o himself_o by_o walk_v long_o on_o the_o snow_n be_v surprise_v with_o such_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d take_v notice_n that_o the_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o faint_a be_v in_o the_o stomach_n and_o that_o he_o find_v by_o his_o own_o experience_n that_o that_o part_n be_v discompose_v convel_v and_o provoke_v to_o cast_v to_o which_o he_o add_v what_o make_v much_o for_o my_o present_a purpose_n that_o he_o now_o think_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o bulimia_fw-la to_o consist_v in_o certain_a steam_n that_o do_v peculiar_o affect_v the_o stomach_n which_o they_o gnaw_v and_o distend_v and_o just_o before_o he_o observe_v that_o strain_v to_o fetch_v deep_a cough_n be_v a_o present_a remedy_n in_o this_o distemper_n by_o discharge_v the_o stomach_n and_o lung_n of_o those_o snowy_a spirit_n which_o be_v either_o attract_v in_o respiration_n or_o have_v some_o other_o way_n insinuate_v themselves_o into_o those_o part_n so_o that_o beside_o the_o cold_n abstract_o consider_v the_o stomach_n may_v be_v peculiar_o affect_v by_o other_o either_o attribute_n or_o concomitant_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n that_o grow_v powerful_a in_o frosty_a weather_n with_o which_o it_o well_o agree_v that_o divers_a have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o bulimias_n in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n though_o in_o our_o warm_a climate_n such_o man_n endure_v nothing_o near_o so_o great_a a_o cold_a nor_o be_v so_o much_o inconvenience_v by_o it_o as_o multitude_n of_o other_o that_o in_o nova_n zembla_n and_o other_o gelid_a region_n never_o complain_v of_o have_v contract_v even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n any_o such_o disease_n 25._o another_o argument_n that_o be_v specious_a enough_o urge_v in_o favour_n of_o antiperistasis_n be_v borrow_v from_o the_o production_n of_o hail_n which_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v generate_v in_o summer_n only_o not_o in_o winter_n and_o according_a to_o aristotle_n and_o the_o school_n be_v make_v in_o the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o air_n by_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o fall_a drop_n of_o rain_n so_o high_o intend_v by_o the_o warmth_n it_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o air_n near_o the_o earth_n as_o to_o congeal_v the_o water_n wherein_o it_o be_v harbour_v but_o though_o i_o free_o confess_v to_o you_o that_o i_o think_v the_o generation_n of_o hail_n difficult_a enough_o to_o be_v solid_o explicate_v yet_o i_o scruple_n not_o to_o reject_v the_o receive_a doctrine_n about_o it_o for_o several_a reason_n of_o which_o i_o will_v now_o name_v four_o 26._o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v not_o universal_o true_a as_o be_v suppose_v and_o the_o aristotelian_a doctrine_n require_v that_o hail_n fall_v not_o but_o in_o summer_n or_o very_o hot_a weather_n for_o i_o have_v myself_o observe_v it_o within_o this_o twelve_o month_n to_o hail_v at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o november_n and_o that_o when_o some_o frosty_a day_n have_v precede_v and_o when_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o weather_n be_v complain_v of_o nay_o the_o long_a shower_n of_o hail_n that_o either_o i_o or_o some_o other_o remember_v ourselves_o to_o have_v ever_o know_v i_o observe_v to_o fall_v about_o a_o week_n before_o the_o end_n of_o january_n on_o a_o night_n precede_v by_o a_o very_a frosty_a day_n which_o itself_o be_v precede_v by_o a_o sharp_a fit_a of_o frosty_a weather_n and_o here_o i_o must_v notpreter_n mit_fw-fr this_o circumstance_n that_o when_o the_o tedious_a shower_n be_v over_o there_o come_v to_o the_o house_n where_o i_o than_o be_v a_o maid_n that_o be_v servant_n to_o one_o of_o my_o domestic_n and_o relate_v to_o her_o master_n and_o other_o how_o she_o be_v for_o a_o good_a while_n mislead_v out_o of_o the_o beat_a way_n where_o the_o storm_n find_v she_o by_o a_o ignis_fw-la fatuus_fw-la which_o she_o follow_v till_o by_o its_o pass_v over_o a_o place_n where_o she_o find_v a_o unpassable_a hedge_n it_o both_o show_v she_o that_o she_o be_v out_o of_o her_o way_n
and_o that_o it_o be_v no_o candle_n though_o she_o have_v so_o confident_o think_v it_o one_o that_o she_o call_v out_o to_o the_o party_n she_o presume_v it_o to_o be_v carry_v by_o i_o will_v leave_v themistius_n to_o unriddle_v how_o the_o nocturnal_a air_n can_v kindle_v a_o fiery_a meteor_n by_o its_o coldness_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n congeal_v the_o fall_a drop_n of_o water_n into_o ice_n by_o its_o warmth_n and_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o other_o observation_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n have_v be_v often_o make_v though_o perhaps_o seldom_o record_v for_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o very_a few_o week_n of_o the_o storm_n some_o servant_n of_o i_o affirm_v themselves_o to_o have_v observe_v it_o to_o hail_v two_o or_o three_o time_n beside_o that_o already_o mention_v 27._o next_o if_o aristotle_n have_v right_o assign_v the_o cause_n of_o hail_n it_o be_v somewhat_o strange_a it_o shall_v not_o fall_v far_o more_o frequent_o in_o summer_n and_o especial_o in_o hot_a climate_n than_o it_o do_v consider_v how_o often_o in_o all_o probability_n the_o drop_n of_o rain_n fall_v cold_a out_o of_o the_o second_o region_n into_o the_o warm_a air_n of_o the_o first_o and_o more_o strange_a it_o be_v that_o even_o in_o those_o part_n of_o egypt_n where_o it_o rain_v frequent_o enough_o and_o plentiful_o for_o so_o prosper_n alpinus_n that_o live_v long_o there_o assure_v we_o it_o do_v though_o not_o about_o grand_a cairo_n yet_o about_o alexandria_n and_o 〈◊〉_d sium_fw-la it_o shall_v never_o hail_v no_o more_o than_o snow_n as_o the_o same_o learned_a physician_n a_o witness_n above_o exception_n affirm_v beside_o whereas_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o snow_n be_v generate_v in_o the_o upper_a region_n of_o the_o air_n and_o hail_n always_o in_o the_o low_a my_o own_o observation_n have_v afford_v i_o many_o instance_n that_o seem_v to_o contradict_v the_o tradition_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o great_a grain_n of_o hail_n that_o beside_o a_o hard_a transparent_a icy_a shell_n there_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o snowy_a pith_n of_o a_o soft_a and_o white_a substance_n and_o this_o snowy_a part_n be_v most_o common_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o icy_a which_o make_v i_o call_v it_o pith_n but_o sometime_o otherwise_o and_o last_o whereas_o the_o favourer_n of_o antiperistasis_n will_v have_v the_o drop_n of_o rain_n in_o their_o descent_n to_o be_v congeal_v apart_o in_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n not_o to_o urge_v how_o little_a the_o irregular_a and_o angular_a figure_n we_o often_o meet_v with_o in_o hail_n do_v countenance_v this_o doctrine_n hail_o often_o fall_v in_o grain_n too_o great_a by_o odds_o to_o be_v fit_a to_o comply_v with_o aristotle_n conceit_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v the_o grain_n of_o hail_n i_o have_v observe_v myself_o to_o be_v of_o a_o bigness_n unsuitable_a to_o this_o opinion_n divers_a learned_a eye-witness_n have_v inform_v i_o of_o their_o have_v observe_v much_o great_a than_o those_o i_o have_v do_v and_o particular_o a_o eminent_a virtuoso_fw-la of_o unquestionable_a credit_n affirm_v both_o to_o i_o and_o to_o a_o assembly_n of_o virtuoso_n that_o he_o have_v some_o year_n ago_o at_o lion_n in_o france_n observe_v a_o shower_n of_o hail_n many_o of_o who_o grain_n be_v as_o big_a as_o ordinary_a tennis-ball_n and_o which_o do_v the_o window_n and_o tile_n a_o mischief_n answerable_a to_o that_o unusual_a bulk_n and_o bartholinus_n affirm_v that_o he_o himself_o observe_v in_o another_o shower_n of_o hail_n grain_n of_o a_o more_o unwonted_a size_n a_o single_a grain_n weigh_v no_o less_o than_o a_o whole_a pound_n but_o though_o this_o itself_o be_v little_a in_o comparison_n of_o what_o i_o remember_v i_o have_v somewhere_o meet_v with_o in_o learned_a author_n yet_o it_o may_v abundant_o suffice_v to_o disprove_v the_o vulgar_a conceit_n about_o the_o generation_n of_o hail_n till_o we_o meet_v in_o these_o country_n with_o shower_n of_o rain_n who_o single_a drop_n prove_v to_o be_v of_o such_o a_o bigness_n which_o i_o presume_v those_o that_o ascribe_v hail_n to_o antiperistasis_n will_v not_o easy_o show_v we_o 28._o i_o come_v now_o to_o consider_v the_o last_o and_o indeed_o the_o chief_a example_n that_o be_v give_v of_o antiperistasis_n namely_o the_o coldness_n of_o cellar_n and_o other_o subterraneal_a vault_n in_o summer_n and_o their_o heat_n in_o winter_n and_o as_o the_o argument_n wont_a to_o be_v draw_v from_o hence_o consist_v of_o two_o part_n i_o will_v examine_v each_o of_o they_o by_o its_o self_n 29._o and_o first_o as_o to_o the_o refresh_a coldness_n that_o subterraneal_a place_n be_v wont_a to_o afford_v we_o in_o summer_n i_o both_o deny_v that_o they_o be_v then_o cold_a than_o in_o winter_n and_o i_o say_v that_o though_o they_o be_v that_o coldness_n will_v not_o necessary_o infer_v a_o antiperistasis_n 30._o we_o must_v consider_v then_o that_o in_o summer_n our_o body_n have_v for_o many_o day_n if_o not_o some_o week_n or_o perhaps_o month_n be_v constant_o environ_v with_o a_o air_n which_o at_o that_o season_n of_o the_o year_n be_v much_o hot_a then_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v in_o winter_n or_o in_o other_o season_n our_o sense_n may_v easy_o impose_v upon_o we_o and_o we_o may_v be_v much_o mistake_v by_o conclude_v upon_o their_o testimony_n that_o the_o subterraneal_a air_n we_o then_o find_v so_o cool_a be_v real_o cold_a than_o it_o be_v in_o winter_n or_o at_o the_o spring_n as_o they_o that_o come_v out_o of_o hot_a bath_n think_v the_o air_n of_o the_o adjoin_a room_n very_o fresh_a and_o cool_v which_o they_o find_v to_o be_v very_o warm_a when_o come_v out_o of_o the_o open_a air_n they_o go_v through_o those_o warm_a room_n to_o the_o bath_n and_o the_o deepness_n and_o retiredness_n of_o these_o subterraneal_a cave_n keep_v the_o air_n they_o harbour_v from_o be_v any_o thing_n near_o so_o much_o affect_v with_o the_o change_n of_o the_o season_n as_o the_o outward_a air_n that_o be_v free_o expose_v to_o the_o sun_n warm_v beam_n which_o pierce_v with_o any_o sensible_a force_n so_o little_a a_o way_n into_o the_o ground_n that_o digger_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o observe_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v dry_v and_o discolour_a by_o they_o beyond_o the_o depth_n of_o a_o very_a few_o foot_n and_o i_o have_v find_v that_o in_o very_o shallow_a mine_n not_o exceed_v six_o or_o seven_o yard_n in_o depth_n though_o the_o mouth_n be_v wide_a and_o the_o descent_n perpendicular_a enough_o the_o air_n be_v cool_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n so_o that_o the_o free_a air_n and_o our_o body_n that_o be_v always_o immerse_v in_o it_o be_v much_o warm_a in_o summer_n then_o at_o other_o time_n and_o the_o subterraneal_a air_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o remoteness_n from_o those_o cause_n of_o alteration_n continue_v still_o the_o same_o or_o but_o very_o little_o change_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n there_o shall_v appear_v a_o difference_n as_o to_o sense_n when_o our_o body_n pass_v from_o one_o of_o they_o to_o another_o 31._o and_o suppose_v but_o not_o yield_v that_o the_o air_n of_o cellar_n and_o vault_n be_v real_o cold_a in_o summer_n then_o in_o winter_n that_o be_v be_v discover_v to_o have_v a_o great_a coldness_n not_o only_o as_o to_o our_o sense_n of_o feeling_n but_o as_o to_o weather-glass_n yet_o why_o shall_v we_o for_o all_o that_o have_v recourse_n for_o the_o solution_n of_o the_o difficulty_n to_o a_o antiperistasis_n which_o it_o be_v much_o hard_a to_o understand_v then_o to_o find_v out_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n which_o seem_v in_o short_a to_o be_v this_o that_o whereas_o which_o i_o shall_v soon_o have_v occasion_n to_o manifest_v there_o be_v warm_a exhalation_n that_o in_o all_o season_n be_v plentiful_o send_v up_o by_o the_o subterraneal_a heat_n from_o the_o low_a to_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n these_o steam_n that_o in_o winter_n be_v in_o 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then_o in_o summer_n for_o the_o instance_n produce_v by_o carneades_n seem_v plain_o enough_o to_o manifest_v the_o contrary_a and_o my_o own_o observation_n make_v in_o a_o cellar_n with_o a_o seal_a wether_n glass_n do_v keep_v i_o from_o dissent_v from_o carneades_n as_o to_o that_o point_n i_o will_v therefore_o make_v a_o distinction_n of_o subterraneal_a place_n for_o some_o be_v deep_a as_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o cellar_n other_o deep_a yet_o as_o the_o hungarian_a mine_n mention_v by_o carneades_n out_o of_o morinus_n and_o some_o again_o be_v but_o shallow_a as_o many_o ordinary_a cellar_n and_o vault_n of_o these_o three_o sort_n of_o subterraneal_a place_n the_o deep_a of_o all_o do_v not_o as_o far_o as_o the_o authority_n of_o mineralist_n above_o allege_v may_v be_v rely_v on_o for_o i_o be_o yet_o inquire_v further_o grow_v hot_a and_o cold_a according_a to_o the_o several_a season_n of_o the_o year_n as_o the_o vulgar_a doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n require_v 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i_o have_v often_o observe_v hasty_o and_o considerable_o alter_v and_o that_o without_o any_o constant_a and_o manifest_a cause_n at_o least_o that_o i_o can_v hitherto_o discover_v so_o that_o the_o erroneous_a estimate_n that_o may_v be_v hereby_o suggest_v of_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n can_v scarce_o possible_o be_v avoid_v without_o the_o help_n of_o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n where_o the_o include_v liquor_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o the_o heat_n and_o cold_a not_o pressure_n of_o the_o air._n so_o that_o to_o apply_v this_o to_o zucchius_n his_o experiment_n unless_o he_o have_v be_v aware_a of_o this_o and_o unless_o i_o know_v that_o he_o have_v divers_a time_n make_v his_o observation_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n it_o may_v be_v suspect_v that_o he_o may_v accidental_o find_v the_o water_n in_o his_o common_a weatherglass_n for_o such_o a_o one_o it_o appear_v he_o use_v as_o probable_o know_v no_o other_o to_o be_v high_o when_o he_o look_v on_o it_o in_o summer_n then_o when_o he_o look_v on_o it_o in_o winter_n not_o because_o real_o the_o subterraneal_a air_n be_v cold_a in_o the_o former_a season_n then_o in_o the_o latter_a but_o because_o the_o atmosphere_n chance_v then_o to_o be_v heavy_a and_o when_o i_o remember_v in_o how_o few_o hour_n i_o have_v sometime_o and_o that_o not_o long_o since_o observe_v the_o quicksilver_n both_o in_o a_o good_a barometer_n and_o even_o in_o a_o unseal_v weatherglass_n furnish_v with_o quicksilver_n to_o rise_v almost_o a_o inch_n perpendicular_o without_o any_o manifest_a cause_n proceed_v from_o cold_a i_o can_v think_v it_o impossible_a that_o in_o long_a wether_n glass_n furnish_v only_o with_o water_n or_o some_o such_o liquor_n the_o undiscerned_a alteration_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n pressure_n cold._n may_v produce_v very_o notable_a one_o in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n in_o such_o instrument_n but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o that_o a_o jealous_a man_n may_v suspect_v for_o zucchius_n have_v for_o aught_o appear_v make_v his_o observation_n but_o in_o one_o place_n we_o be_v not_o sure_a but_o that_o may_v be_v one_o of_o those_o whereof_o there_o may_v be_v many_o on_o which_o the_o subterraneal_a exhalation_n have_v a_o peculiar_a and_o not_o languid_a influence_n as_o carneades_n have_v towards_o the_o close_a of_o his_o discourse_n make_v probable_a out_o of_o the_o relation_n of_o olaus_n magnus_n and_o martinius_n touch_v the_o great_a and_o sudden_a thaw_n that_o sometime_o begin_v from_o the_o bottom_n and_o thereby_o argue_v their_o be_v produce_v by_o copious_a steam_n that_o ascend_v from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n which_o may_v be_v further_o confirm_v by_o what_o he_o former_o note_v of_o the_o sudden_a damp_n that_o happen_v in_o many_o mine_n but_o that_o which_o be_v of_o the_o most_o importance_n about_o our_o present_a inquiry_n remain_v yet_o to_o be_v mention_v which_o be_v that_o have_v have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o inquire_v whether_o no_o body_n else_o have_v make_v experiment_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n i_o find_v that_o the_o learned_a maignan_n have_v the_o same_o curiosity_n that_o zucchius_n have_v but_o with_o very_o differ_v success_n and_o therefore_o though_o this_o inquisitive_a person_n do_v admit_v in_o his_o disputation_n about_o antiperistasis_n a_o notion_n that_o i_o confess_v cold._n i_o can_v approve_v since_o to_o ascribe_v as_o he_o do_v a_o fuga_fw-la contrarii_fw-la to_o cold_a and_o hot_a spirit_n be_v in_o my_o apprehension_n to_o turn_v inanimate_a body_n into_o intelligent_a and_o design_v being_n yet_o he_o do_v just_o and_o rational_o reject_v with_o carneades_n the_o vulgar_a doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n and_o confirm_v his_o rejection_n of_o it_o by_o two_o experiment_n for_o first_o he_o say_v that_o he_o find_v with_o a_o thermometer_n that_o when_o
in_o winter_n a_o cold_a northerly_a wind_n freeze_v the_o water_n without_o door_n it_o be_v not_o less_o cold_a in_o wine-cellar_n than_o it_o be_v at_o the_o same_o season_n and_o at_o the_o same_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n in_o his_o study_n only_o the_o paper-shuts_a of_o his_o window_n that_o regard_v likewise_o the_o north_n be_v put_v to_o and_o though_o if_o he_o have_v say_v nothing_o else_o i_o shall_v have_v suspect_v that_o this_o may_v have_v proceed_v from_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o cellar_n he_o make_v his_o trial_n in_o yet_o he_o prevent_v that_o suspicion_n by_o take_v notice_n in_o one_o clause_n of_o his_o relation_n that_o the_o cellar_n be_v of_o the_o very_o best_a of_o their_o kind_n in_o which_o in_o summer_n the_o great_a cold_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v feel_v but_o his_o next_o experiment_n be_v yet_o more_o considerable_a which_o i_o shall_v therefore_o deliver_v in_o his_o own_o word_n that_o follow_v expertus_fw-la ego_fw-la sum_fw-la say_v he_o thermometro_n fidelissimo_fw-la &_o à _fw-la praecedente_fw-la hyeme_fw-fr in_fw-la sequentem_fw-la drebell_n aestatem_fw-la prorsus_fw-la invariato_fw-it instructo_fw-la etiam_fw-la tali_fw-la aquâ_fw-la nempe_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la ipsum_fw-la ex_fw-la praescripto_fw-la trebellii_n it_o a_o comparata_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la exhaletur_fw-la neque_fw-la minuatur_fw-la expertus_fw-la inquam_fw-la sum_n in_o supradictis_fw-la optimis_fw-la cellis_fw-la vinariis_fw-la maximum_fw-la quod_fw-la ardentissima_fw-la aestate_fw-la fuit_fw-la frigus_fw-la non_fw-la adaequasse_fw-la illud_fw-la quod_fw-la ibidem_fw-la erat_fw-la brumali_fw-la tempore_fw-la ut_fw-la dixi_fw-la in_o superiori_fw-la experimento_fw-la siquidem_fw-la in_o tubo_fw-la vitrei_fw-la thermometri_n quatuor_fw-la circiter_fw-la palmos_fw-la longo_fw-la &_o in_o octo_fw-la gradus_fw-la graduumque_fw-la minuta_fw-la diviso_fw-la aqua_fw-la byeme_n ascendit_fw-la ad_fw-la gradus_fw-la 7._o cum_fw-la semisse_fw-la aestate_fw-la autem_fw-la vix_fw-la gradum_fw-la sextum_fw-la super_fw-la avit_fw-la cum_fw-la tamen_fw-la ad_fw-la sensum_fw-la multo_fw-la magis_fw-la vigeret_fw-la frigus_fw-la istud_fw-la 〈◊〉_d thus_o far_o this_o learned_a as_o well_o as_o resolute_a author_n who_o seem_v by_o the_o mathematical_a part_n of_o his_o perspectiva_fw-la horaria_fw-la to_o be_v a_o accurate_a and_o industrious_a maker_n of_o observation_n we_o may_v oppose_v his_o new_o recite_v experiment_n to_o that_o of_o zucchius_n which_o it_o flat_o contradict_v and_o therefore_o since_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o cellar_n be_v of_o great_a moment_n in_o experiment_n of_o this_o nature_n since_o also_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o the_o place_n or_o soil_n where_o the_o cellar_n or_o other_o cavity_n happen_v to_o be_v may_v in_o some_o case_n not_o be_v inconsiderable_a and_o since_o last_o neither_o zucchius_n nor_o maignan_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v aware_a of_o the_o differ_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n in_o the_o self_n same_o place_n as_o not_o have_v see_v the_o xviii_o of_o our_o physicomechanical_a experiment_n before_o which_o i_o never_o see_v nor_o hear_v of_o any_o thing_n publish_v or_o otherwise_o write_v to_o that_o purpose_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v excuse_v if_o i_o retain_v some_o scruple_n about_o the_o historical_a question_n i_o have_v be_v consider_v till_o the_o experiment_n have_v be_v careful_o make_v for_o a_o competent_a space_n of_o time_n in_o several_a place_n and_o that_o not_o with_o common_a wether_n glass_n like_o those_o use_v by_o my_o two_o learned_a author_n wherein_o the_o liquor_n may_v be_v make_v to_o rise_v and_o fall_v by_o the_o differ_a gravity_n of_o the_o air_n but_o with_o seal_a thermoscope_n wherein_o the_o alteration_n may_v more_o safe_o be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v only_o from_o its_o heat_n and_o cold_a and_o to_o conclude_v since_o carneades_n have_v specious_o enough_o answer_v the_o other_o observation_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v produce_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o aristotelian_a antiperistasis_n if_o maignans_n relation_n be_v better_o warrant_v by_o future_a experiment_n then_o that_o of_o zucchius_n it_o will_v very_o much_o disfavour_v the_o whole_a doctrine_n itself_o which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v devise_v but_o to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n to_o which_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v apply_v consider_v man_n will_v be_v but_o little_a invite_v to_o embrace_v it_o if_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v as_o little_a certain_a as_o what_o be_v propose_v in_o the_o hypothesis_n be_v intelligible_a finis_fw-la a_fw-la examen_fw-la of_o mr._n hobs_n doctrine_n touch_v cold._n 1._o mr._n hobs_n theory_n concern_v cold_a do_v to_o i_o i_o confess_v appear_v so_o inconsiderate_o pitch_v upon_o and_o so_o slight_o make_v out_o that_o i_o shall_v not_o think_v it_o merit_v especial_o in_o a_o historical_a treatise_n a_o particular_a or_o solicitous_a examination_n but_o that_o in_o propose_v it_o he_o scruple_n not_o to_o talk_v to_o his_o reader_n of_o his_o demonstration_n and_o the_o preferrence_n he_o be_v wont_a to_o give_v himself_o above_o the_o eminent_a as_o well_o of_o modern_a as_o of_o ancient_a writer_n have_v have_v no_o small_a effect_n upon_o many_o who_o not_o know_v how_o indulgent_a some_o writer_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v to_o the_o issue_n of_o their_o own_o brain_n as_o such_o be_v apt_a to_o mistake_v confidence_n for_o evidence_n and_o may_v be_v modest_a enough_o to_o think_v that_o their_o not_o discern_v a_o clearness_n in_o his_o explication_n and_o reason_n be_v rather_o the_o fault_n of_o their_o understanding_n then_o of_o his_o doctrine_n mr._n hobbs_n deliver_v his_o theory_n in_o the_o seven_o first_o article_n of_o the_o 28._o chapter_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o his_o element_n but_o because_o the_o whole_a discourse_n be_v too_o long_o to_o be_v here_o transcribe_v and_o because_o in_o the_o 2_o 3_o and_o 4._o section_n that_o which_o he_o 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air_n turn_v into_o ice_n as_o well_o as_o many_o other_o liquor_n be_v 21._o the_o reason_n why_o cold_a be_v wont_a to_o be_v more_o remiss_a in_o rainy_a or_o cloudy_a weather_n then_o in_o that_o which_o be_v more_o clear_a be_v not_o better_o give_v by_o mr._n hobbs_n then_o by_o some_o other_o that_o have_v write_v before_o he_o for_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o i_o have_v see_v great_a frost_n and_o last_a enough_o in_o cloudy_a and_o sometime_o very_o dark_a weather_n that_o which_o he_o talk_v of_o the_o wind_n be_v more_o strong_a in_o clear_a weather_n then_o in_o cloudy_a be_v of_o no_o great_a importance_n since_o common_a experience_n show_v that_o in_o clear_a weather_n the_o air_n may_v be_v very_o cold_a and_o the_o frost_n very_o great_a where_o no_o wind_n be_v feel_v to_o rake_v as_o he_o will_v have_v it_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n nor_o do_v experience_n bear_v witness_n to_o what_o he_o not_o wary_o enough_o pronounce_v that_o the_o less_o the_o 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