to_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o they_o to_o premise_v something_o concerning_o the_o original_a of_o they_o in_o general_a and_o the_o rather_o because_o there_o have_v be_v great_a controversy_n betwixt_o the_o stoic_n and_o peripatetic_n about_o the_o cause_n of_o they_o now_o the_o several_a opinion_n concerning_o the_o original_a of_o last_a spring_n which_o be_v call_v fontes_n perennes_fw-la may_v be_v reduce_v to_o three_o head_n for_o either_o they_o proceed_v from_o rain-water_n or_o they_o be_v generate_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n flow_v from_o the_o sea_n through_o subterraneal_a channel_n if_o any_o shall_v object_v as_o some_o have_v do_v and_o say_v they_o may_v come_v from_o subterraneal_a lake_n let_v i_o demand_v of_o they_o whether_o those_o sake_n proceed_v not_o from_o some_o of_o the_o three_o former_a and_o whether_o they_o will_v not_o in_o time_n be_v exhaust_v if_o otherwise_o argument_n for_o the_o first_o opinion_n alleadgedand_v answer_v arg._n they_o that_o contend_v for_o the_o first_o opinion_n such_o as_o be_v albertus_n magnus_fw-la georgius_n agricola_n etc._n etc._n affirm_v that_o in_o those_o country_n where_o there_o fall_v but_o little_a rain_n the_o spring_n be_v few_o and_o small_a and_o that_o in_o winter_n time_n all_o spring_n flow_v more_o plentiful_o than_o in_o summer_n and_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o wetnes_n of_o the_o season_n and_o what_o become_v say_v they_o of_o all_o the_o rain_n if_o it_o sink_v not_o into_o the_o earth_n and_o there_o maintain_v spring_n sol_fw-la 1._o the_o assertion_n concerning_o the_o increase_n of_o spring_n in_o winter_n be_v not_o universal_o true_a for_o st._n mugnus_fw-la well_o in_o yorkshire_n as_o i_o be_v most_o credible_o inform_v by_o the_o woman_n that_o have_v look_v to_o it_o and_o be_v the_o keeper_n of_o it_o for_o these_o many_o year_n last_o past_a begin_v to_o rise_v high_a about_o may_n and_o to_o fall_v low_a about_o october_n beside_o divers_a more_o spring_n which_o in_o several_a county_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v dry_v up_o all_o the_o winter_n and_o flow_v a_o new_a towards_o the_o summer_n and_o pliny_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o certain_a spring_n in_o cydonia_n before_o lesbon_n that_o flow_v only_o at_o the_o spring_n many_o more_o of_o this_o nature_n may_v be_v produce_v if_o there_o be_v occasion_n 2._o if_o that_o be_v grant_v to_o be_v true_a which_o they_o say_v yet_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o rain_n be_v the_o material_a cause_n of_o spring_n although_o at_o that_o time_n they_o break_v forth_o which_o be_v before_o dry_v up_o for_o their_o dry_n up_o be_v not_o occasion_v for_o want_v of_o rain_n to_o supply_v they_o but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o dryness_n of_o the_o earth_n towards_o its_o superficies_n which_o attract_v to_o itself_o and_o drink_v in_o for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o its_o drought_n the_o water_n of_o the_o spring_n which_o it_o do_v again_o let_v go_v when_o it_o have_v drink_v plentiful_o of_o the_o shower_n from_o heaven_n now_o that_o the_o dry_a earth_n will_v drink_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o dry_n up_o of_o river_n in_o a_o long_a drought_n by_o the_o dryness_n of_o the_o earth_n although_o the_o fountain_n which_o be_v the_o head_n of_o those_o river_n flow_v plentiful_o at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o some_o do_v although_o other_o some_o be_v dry_v up_o and_o as_o for_o those_o spring_n which_o break_v forth_o only_o after_o great_a rain_n they_o be_v cause_v from_o the_o rain_n which_o be_v drink_v up_o by_o some_o boggy_a spongious_a earth_n and_o be_v drain_v from_o thence_o or_o which_o be_v sink_v into_o some_o cavern_n or_o hollow_a place_n near_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o some_o secret_a passage_n thither_o and_o there_o be_v collect_v in_o some_o considerable_a quantity_n imitate_v a_o spring_n as_o long_o as_o it_o last_v 3._o the_o grate_a part_n of_o shower_n of_o rain_n fall_v upon_o high_a place_n run_v down_o from_o thence_o into_o plain_n and_o from_o plain_n through_o small_a channel_n or_o trench_n into_o river_n and_o that_o rain_n which_o fall_v upon_o any_o place_n from_o whence_o it_o can_v in_o some_o such_o manner_n be_v convey_v away_o remain_v upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n till_o it_o be_v exhale_v by_o the_o sun_n as_o we_o see_v in_o divers_a place_n beside_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o rain_n sink_v so_o far_o into_o the_o earth_n as_o to_o supply_v spring_n and_o that_o because_o it_o be_v general_o observe_v by_o all_o that_o dig_v in_o the_o earth_n that_o rain_n wett_v not_o the_o earth_n above_o ten_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o reason_n hereof_o seneca_n the_o philosopher_n give_v in_o his_o three_o book_n naturalium_fw-la quaestionum_fw-la chap._n 7._o where_o he_o say_v that_o when_o the_o earth_n be_v satiate_v with_o shower_n it_o then_o receive_v in_o no_o more_o and_o this_o we_o see_v by_o daily_a experience_n beside_o when_o we_o dig_v a_o well_n although_o it_o be_v in_o a_o soft_a place_n we_o dig_v sometime_o one_o two_o or_o three_o hundred_o foot_n deep_a before_o we_o come_v at_o quick_a spring_n and_o that_o the_o rain_n shall_v sink_v so_o deep_a it_o be_v no_o way_n probable_a nay_o although_o there_o be_v hallow_v vein_n and_o chink_n in_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o many_o will_v have_v it_o pass_v to_o a_o great_a depth_n for_o who_o can_v easy_o conceive_v that_o those_o vein_n and_o cranny_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o grant_v to_o be_v in_o every_o place_n where_o there_o be_v spring_n be_v easy_o stop_v with_o dust_n or_o dirt_n which_o the_o rain_n carry_v with_o it_o when_o it_o be_v fall_v on_o the_o earth_n or_o swell_v up_o and_o contract_v as_o we_o see_v they_o be_v in_o summer_n time_n with_o rain_n after_o a_o long_a drought_n argument_n for_o the_o second_o opinion_n allege_v and_o answer_v arg._n they_o that_o contend_v for_o the_o second_o opinion_n such_o as_o seneca_n etc._n etc._n affirm_v that_o spring_n be_v generate_v chief_o of_o earth_n change_v into_o water_n and_o that_o because_o all_o element_n be_v mutual_o transmutable_a into_o one_o the_o other_o and_o some_o as_o aristotle_n and_o h._n ab_fw-la here_o be_v that_o spring_n be_v generate_v of_o the_o air_n shut_v up_o in_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o the_o coldness_n thereof_o condense_v into_o water_n sol_fw-la 1._o it_o be_v more_o probable_a according_a to_o reason_n and_o experience_n that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o density_n of_o the_o earth_n water_n shall_v more_o easy_o be_v convert_v into_o earth_n than_o the_o earth_n into_o water_n 2._o it_o be_v to_o be_v wonder_v at_o that_o see_v that_o ten_o part_n of_o air_n if_o not_o many_o more_o serve_v for_o the_o make_n of_o one_o part_n of_o water_n conteinable_a in_o the_o same_o space_n there_o shall_v be_v so_o much_o space_n in_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o contain_n of_o so_o much_o air_n as_o serve_v for_o the_o make_n of_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n as_o spring_v daily_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n beside_o so_o much_o air_n be_v spend_v there_o will_v of_o necessity_n follow_v a_o vacuum_n for_o where_o shall_v there_o be_v so_o many_o and_o great_a cranny_n or_o hole_n to_o let_v the_o air_n into_o the_o earth_n fast_o enough_o but_o if_o there_o be_v yet_o how_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o so_o much_o air_n can_v be_v corrupt_v in_o such_o a_o moment_n the_o whole_a elementary_a air_n be_v of_o its_o own_o nature_n most_o subtle_a and_o not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v such_o abundance_n of_o water_n as_o all_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v amount_v to_o now_o although_o this_o answer_n be_v according_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o common_a philosopher_n and_o sufficient_a for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o this_o objection_n yet_o helmont_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o any_o such_o supposition_n viz._n that_o air_n and_o water_n can_v at_o all_o be_v mutual_o transmute_v into_o one_o the_o other_o it_o be_v true_a say_v he_o that_o water_n can_v easy_o be_v turn_v into_o a_o vapour_n and_o the_o say_a vapour_n into_o water_n again_o but_o this_o vapour_n be_v nothing_o else_o material_o and_o formal_o but_o a_o congery_n of_o atom_n of_o water_n sublime_v and_o air_n will_v not_o in_o cold_a or_o heat_n yield_v water_v any_o more_o than_o it_o contain_v in_o it_o the_o vapour_n viz._n of_o rarefy_a water_n for_o say_v he_o if_o those_o two_o element_n be_v so_o mutual_o convertible_a one_o species_n must_v be_v transmute_v into_o another_o and_o the_o air_n that_o be_v make_v out_o of_o water_n may_v be_v again_o reduce_v into_o the_o same_o numerical_a waterwhich_v it_o be_v before_o its_o rarefaction_n but_o this_o can_v be_v
enjoy_v what_o be_v attract_v and_o over_o and_o above_o that_o none_o or_o at_o least_o not_o so_o much_o as_o will_v suffice_v for_o the_o make_n of_o spring_n 5._o neither_o be_v there_o such_o vein_n in_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o the_o water_n shall_v pass_v as_o clothe_v wine_n through_o crooked_a pipe_n or_o crane_n wt al_a wine-cooper_n and_o vintner_n use_n for_o the_o draw_n of_o wine_n out_o of_o one_o vessel_n into_o a_o other_o through_o which_o the_o wine_n be_v once_o suck_v run_v continual_o till_o all_o be_v run_v forth_o for_o the_o vein_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o whole_o and_o throughout_o full_a as_o of_o necessity_n they_o must_v be_v before_o water_n will_v ascend_v through_o they_o for_o preservation_n of_o its_o continuity_n and_o the_o avoid_n of_o a_o vacuum_n 6._o neither_o be_v the_o water_n raise_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o helmont_n sabulum_fw-la or_o virgin-earth_n which_o he_o say_v be_v a_o certain_a sand_n continue_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o divers_a place_n even_o to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o same_o and_o to_o the_o top_n of_o some_o mountain_n which_o sand_n have_v in_o it_o a_o vitality_n and_o in_o which_o as_o in_o a_o vital_a abode_n and_o natural_a place_n the_o water_n while_o it_o remain_v be_v live_v and_o enjoy_v common_a life_n and_o know_v neither_o superiority_n or_o inferiority_n of_o place_n any_o otherwise_o than_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o vein_n which_o flow_v upward_o to_o the_o head_n and_o downward_o to_o the_o foot_n but_o moreover_o he_o add_v that_o when_o this_o water_n be_v let_v out_o of_o its_o natural_a abode_n viz._n the_o virgin_n earth_n as_o blood_n out_o of_o a_o vein_n it_o then_o do_v like_o a_o heavy_a thing_n hasten_v to_o its_o centre_n or_o iliad_v viz._n the_o sea_n now_o for_o the_o confirm_n of_o this_o vitality_n in_o water_n he_o bring_v in_o this_o distich_n of_o the_o poent_n undas_fw-la spiritus_fw-la intus_fw-la alit_fw-la vasti_fw-la quoque_fw-la marmoris_fw-la aequor_fw-la mens_fw-la agitat_fw-la molem_fw-la totam_fw-la diffusa_fw-la per_fw-la artus_fw-la and_o he_o further_o add_v that_o the_o sea_n have_v in_o it_o a_o kind_n of_o life_n because_o though_o the_o wind_n cease_v yet_o it_o have_v its_o spontaneous_a motion_n and_o observe_v its_o tide_n according_a to_o certain_a observation_n that_o it_o have_v of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n as_o if_o it_o will_v rise_v to_o meet_v she_o now_o let_v we_o observe_v the_o weight_n of_o helmont_n argument_n and_o that_o indeed_o be_v little_a or_o none_o as_o i_o conceive_v for_o first_o he_o do_v not_o any_o way_n demonstrate_v that_o continuation_n of_o his_o virgin-earth_n from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n much_o less_o the_o vitality_n thereof_o second_o for_o the_o vitality_n of_o water_n he_o only_o quote_v a_o poetical_a fiction_n and_o three_o for_o the_o spontaneous_a flow_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v no_o more_o a_o demonstrative_a reason_n for_o the_o vitality_n thereof_o than_o the_o loadstone_n attract_v iron_n a_o reason_n of_o the_o vitality_n of_o the_o same_o 7_o neither_o be_v it_o raise_v upon_o that_o account_n of_o condensation_n and_o rarefaction_n which_o the_o learned_a doctor_n flood_n endeavour_v to_o demonstrate_v by_o the_o experiment_n of_o his_o weatherglass_n the_o air_n and_o water_n say_v he_o fill_v up_o all_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o world_n so_o that_o in_o what_o hemisphere_n the_o air_n by_o reason_n of_o cold_a be_v condense_v there_o the_o water_n be_v rarefy_v and_o swell_v as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o weatherglass_n where_o the_o water_n be_v rarify_v and_o raise_v high_a when_o the_o air_n be_v with_o cold_a most_o condense_v as_o also_o in_o the_o swell_n of_o spring_n in_o frosty-weather_n now_o although_o this_o his_o experiment_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a glass_n do_v pretty_o illustrate_v the_o business_n of_o condensation_n and_o rarefaction_n in_o close_a vessel_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o demonstrate_v sufficient_o the_o raise_n of_o water_n from_o the_o deep_a subterraneal_a channel_n to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o be_v apparent_a as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o chapter_n that_o some_o spring_n swell_v more_o in_o summer_n than_o in_o winter_n second_o if_o spring_n do_v rise_v high_a in_o time_n of_o frost_n than_o in_o hot_a season_n it_o be_v only_o either_o because_o some_o subterraneal_a vapour_n which_o can_v not_o evaporate_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v constring_v with_o cold_a be_v condense_v into_o water_n and_o so_o make_v for_o the_o present_a some_o small_a addition_n to_o spring_n or_o because_o the_o subterraneal_a water_n be_v rarify_v and_o swell_v by_o that_o heat_n which_o be_v occasion_v through_o the_o aforesaid_a bind_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o spring_n be_v hot_a in_o frosty_a weather_n than_o in_o summer_n and_o three_o because_o the_o water_n of_o that_o weatherglass_n if_o it_o be_v open_a at_o the_o top_n as_o the_o vein_n of_o fountain_n be_v will_v not_o observe_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o season_n so_o as_o to_o rise_v or_o fall_v according_o for_o that_o in_o a_o close_a glass_n it_o arise_v only_o ad_fw-la evitandum_fw-la vacuum_fw-la and_o now_o rather_o than_o nature_n shall_v suffer_v a_o vacuum_n by_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v vapour_n and_o fume_n will_v proceed_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n nay_o the_o next_o adjacent_a warm_a air_n will_v come_v in_o as_o a_o supply_n to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n soon_o than_o water_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v rarify_v which_o will_v not_o in_o a_o open_a glass_n be_v raise_v at_o all_o though_o the_o weather_n be_v never_o so_o cold_a by_o these_o seven_o negative_n it_o appear_v how_o the_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o ascend_v i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o demonstrate_v how_o they_o do_v ascend_v to_o the_o head_n of_o spring_n it_o be_v absurd_a to_o think_v be_v the_o same_o which_o aristotle_n himself_o and_o his_o follower_n grant_v that_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o be_v elevate_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o cavern_n to_o the_o head_n of_o spring_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o water_n be_v elevate_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n now_o this_o elevation_n be_v do_v by_o the_o force_n of_o heat_n resolve_v the_o water_n into_o vapour_n and_o if_o so_o why_o then_o may_v not_o the_o other_o be_v do_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n viz._n by_o heat_n neither_o be_v it_o any_o matter_n whether_o that_o heat_n be_v above_o or_o beneath_o the_o water_n if_o so_o be_v it_o force_v they_o into_o vapour_n and_o make_v they_o ascend_v as_o high_a as_o be_v requisite_a they_o shall_v but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v very_o cold_a and_o it_o be_v coldness_n that_o condense_v vapour_n into_o water_n but_o now_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o these_o vapour_n pass_v be_v warm_a as_o be_v agree_v by_o most_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o there_o must_v be_v cold_a for_o the_o condense_n of_o vapour_n into_o water_n it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o there_o be_v a_o more_o remiss_a degree_n of_o heat_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o head_n of_o a_o alembic_n and_o the_o cover_n of_o a_o seethe_a pot_n the_o interior_a superficies_n thereof_o be_v full_a of_o drop_n while_o they_o themselves_o be_v warm_a now_o for_o the_o make_n of_o a_o vapour_n of_o any_o liquid_a matter_n heat_n be_v altogether_o and_o absolute_o necessary_a according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o and_o for_o much_o vapour_n there_o be_v much_o heat_n and_o a_o considerable_a proportion_n of_o humour_n require_v but_o see_v abundance_n of_o water_n come_v from_o the_o sea_n into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o subterraneal_a heat_n which_o must_v be_v in_o like_o proportion_n be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o spring_n be_v next_o and_o diligent_o to_o be_v inquire_v into_o now_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v hot_a it_o be_v know_v by_o daily_a experience_n and_o lucilius_n baldus_n say_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v new_o dig_v be_v hot_a and_o smoke_v and_o that_o out_o of_o deep_a well_n be_v draw_v warm_a water_n and_o especial_o in_o winter_n season_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a bind_v the_o earth_n and_o keep_v in_o the_o heat_n but_o how_o this_o heat_n come_v to_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n he_o speak_v like_o a_o stoic_a and_o say_v it_o be_v in_o it_o as_o natural_o as_o vital_a heat_n be_v in_o animal_n but_o this_o opinion_n be_v not_o so_o probable_a as_o that_o of_o the_o peripatetic_n who_o say_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o
burn_v in_o the_o very_a cavity_n and_o cavern_n of_o they_o the_o cavity_n themselves_o consist_v of_o a_o bituminous_a matter_n for_o bitumen_n and_o these_o thing_n which_o be_v make_v of_o it_o be_v kindle_v burn_v in_o water_n by_o which_o also_o the_o say_a fire_n be_v cherish_v this_o you_o may_v see_v in_o naphtha_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o bitumen_n for_o if_o you_o put_v but_o a_o drop_n thereof_o into_o water_n and_o put_v fire_n to_o it_o you_o will_v see_v it_o burn_v and_o continue_v burn_v so_o long_o that_o you_o will_v wonder_v at_o it_o which_o can_v not_o be_v unless_o it_o be_v feed_v by_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o water_n which_o it_o do_v attract_v and_o transmute_v into_o its_o own_o nature_n the_o like_o you_o may_v see_v in_o champhir_n and_o other_o kind_n of_o bitumen_n pliny_n also_o affirm_v that_o these_o be_v some_o certain_a burn_n in_o the_o earth_n which_o sometime_o cast_v out_o bitumen_n and_o be_v increase_v by_o rain_n and_o fallopius_n say_v that_o in_o the_o territory_n of_o mutina_n be_v a_o short_a plat_n of_o ground_n out_o of_o which_o come_v fire_n and_o smoke_n and_o the_o ground_n be_v all_o like_o dust_n which_o if_o you_o kindle_v you_o can_v quench_v again_o with_o water_n so_o that_o these_o kind_n of_o fire_n be_v perpetual_a and_o very_o long_o last_v in_o water_n and_o have_v it_o not_o be_v observe_v that_o a_o fiery_a bituminous_a matter_n do_v sometime_o flow_v out_o of_o hot_a spring_n pliny_n make_v mention_v that_o in_o the_o city_n somosata_n of_o comaganes_n a_o certain_a lake_n send_v forth_o burn_a mud_n and_o plato_n make_v mention_n of_o the_o like_a concerning_o a_o spring_n in_o sicilia_n and_o agricola_n report_v another_o upon_o his_o credit_n fallopius_n also_o say_v that_o in_o many_o place_n where_o the_o earth_n be_v dig_v deep_a there_o be_v ash_n and_o calcine_v stone_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o fire_n and_o that_o in_o the_o territory_n of_o modena_n bolonia_n florence_n and_o other_o place_n as_o in_o italy_n etc._o etc._o there_o be_v find_v spring_n and_o several_a place_n cast_v out_o fire_n but_o as_o to_o spring_n this_o happen_v only_o where_o the_o bituminous_a matter_n be_v very_o near_o the_o spring_n head_n and_o as_o high_a and_o where_o the_o vein_n be_v more_o open_a now_o than_o the_o manner_n of_o spring_n be_v cause_v by_o this_o bituminous_a fire_n be_v this_o viz._n see_v art_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n imitate_v nature_n the_o thing_n be_v even_o the_o same_o in_o a_o hot_a spring_n as_o in_o a_o distil_a vessel_n or_o a_o seethe_a pot_n cover_v with_o a_o lid_n only_o there_o be_v this_o difference_n that_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o these_o the_o fire_n be_v put_v on_o the_o out_o side_n but_o here_o the_o fire_n be_v within_o the_o cavern_n itself_o through_o which_o the_o water_n pass_v and_o that_o either_o lie_v in_o the_o bottom_n or_o stick_v to_o the_o side_n thereof_o as_o therefore_o in_o these_o artificial_a vessel_n the_o water_n be_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o fire_n resolve_v into_o a_o vapour_n be_v force_v upward_o to_o the_o cover_n or_o head_n thereof_o where_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o less_o degree_n of_o heat_n it_o be_v condense_v into_o drop_n and_o return_v to_o its_o self_n and_o into_o its_o own_o nature_n again_o so_o even_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n water_n in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v heat_v by_o the_o bituminous_a fire_n with_o which_o it_o be_v mix_v be_v by_o the_o heat_n thereof_o force_v into_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o vapour_n which_o ascend_v through_o the_o cranine_n vein_n and_o fibre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v there_o for_o the_o great_a part_n turn_v into_o water_n do_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o vapour_n yet_o very_o hot_a break_v forth_o in_o fountain_n viz._n very_o hot_a and_o very_o full_a of_o spirit_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o boil_v if_o the_o fountain_n be_v near_o to_o the_o cavern_n or_o only_o warm_a if_o more_o remote_a and_o as_o these_o spring_n differ_v in_o their_o heat_n according_a to_o their_o nearness_n or_o remoteness_n to_o their_o fire_n so_o also_o in_o their_o bituminous_a odour_n and_o taste_v for_o as_o in_o distil_a water_n their_o empyreuma_n vanish_v in_o length_n of_o time_n so_o in_o these_o in_o length_n of_o course_n so_o that_o these_o fountain_n which_o be_v very_o remote_a from_o this_o bituminous_a fire_n be_v neither_o hot_a nor_o have_v any_o bituminous_a odour_n and_o as_o by_o this_o natural_a distillation_n water_n be_v the_o best_a way_n procolate_v from_o its_o sea_n saltness_n so_o also_o do_v it_o become_v thereby_o less_o obnoxious_a to_o putrefaction_n for_o we_o know_v that_o distil_a water_n last_v long_a ob._n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o if_o the_o matter_n preserve_v this_o fire_n be_v bitumen_n than_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o almost_o the_o whole_a world_n shall_v be_v bitumen_n because_o ever_o since_o and_o before_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n these_o hot_a bath_n be_v and_o be_v like_a to_o continue_v for_o ever_o and_o therefore_o there_o must_v be_v that_o element_n for_o ever_o which_o must_v preserve_v that_o fire_n sol._n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o there_o must_v at_o present_a be_v so_o much_o bitumen_n as_o will_v maintain_v the_o fire_n so_o long_o for_o it_o be_v perpetual_o generate_v and_o as_o long_o as_o there_o shall_v be_v sic_fw-la city_n and_o humidity_n in_o the_o earth_n there_o will_v be_v bitumen_n generate_v and_o do_v not_o we_o see_v that_o metal_n be_v generate_v a_o new_a in_o the_o same_o place_n out_o of_o which_o they_o have_v former_o be_v dig_v witness_v the_o profit_n which_o fallopius_n say_v the_o duke_n of_o florence_n have_v by_o it_o and_o the_o testimony_n of_o learned_a sendivogius_n who_o say_v that_o there_o have_v be_v metal_n find_v in_o mountain_n where_o former_o there_o have_v be_v none_o if_o so_o then_o much_o more_o may_v sulphur_n and_o bitumen_n be_v generate_v a_o new_a ob._n if_o it_o shall_v be_v grant_v that_o bitumen_n be_v generate_v a_o new_a yet_o if_o that_o be_v the_o aliment_n of_o the_o fire_n the_o fire_n will_v change_v its_o place_n because_o the_o bitumen_n be_v consume_v one_o part_n after_o another_o and_o so_o by_o consequence_n the_o bath_n will_v not_o be_v so_o equal_o hot_a as_o before_o the_o fire_n be_v by_o this_o mean_n more_o remote_a from_o the_o fountain_n sol._n the_o flame_n be_v feed_v two_o way_n either_o when_o the_o flame_n follow_v the_o matter_n as_o when_o the_o fire_n burn_v wood_n or_o when_o the_o matter_n follow_v the_o flame_n as_o in_o a_o lamp_n in_o which_o the_o oil_n follow_v the_o flame_n not_o the_o flame_n the_o oil_n and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o the_o fire_n be_v always_o in_o one_o place_n neither_o do_v that_o withstand_v it_o which_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n in_o sulphur_n which_o be_v burn_v part_n after_o part_n the_o fire_n follow_v of_o it_o for_o you_o must_v know_v that_o in_o the_o earth_n where_o there_o be_v a_o great_a heat_n the_o bitumen_n and_o sulphur_n be_v melt_v and_o by_o this_o mean_n follow_v the_o flame_n as_o i_o say_v before_o of_o oil._n ob._n if_o bitumen_n feed_v the_o fire_n of_o these_o bath_n than_o the_o water_n thereof_o will_v have_v the_o odour_n taste_n and_o colour_n of_o bitumen_n but_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o have_v not_o sol._n though_o all_o bath_n be_v heat_v by_o bitumen_n yet_o some_o immediate_o as_o those_o which_o do_v pass_v through_o the_o place_n where_o it_o burn_v and_o these_o only_o have_v the_o taste_n and_o odour_n of_o the_o same_o and_o some_o mediate_o as_o those_o that_o pass_v through_o place_n as_o rock_n etc._n etc._n heat_v by_o bitumen_n burn_v under_o they_o as_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o empedocles_n and_o vitruvius_n neither_o do_v i_o by_o this_o distinction_n contradict_v what_o i_o say_v before_o concerning_o the_o water_n be_v distil_v up_o by_o that_o fire_n only_o which_o burn_v in_o the_o cavern_n and_o vein_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v for_o in_o this_o place_n i_o speak_v only_o of_o the_o water_n be_v heat_v this_o mediate_a heat_n not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o distil_v they_o to_o any_o considerable_a height_n ob._n it_o be_v very_o improbable_a that_o any_o subterraneal_a fire_n can_v burn_v within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o want_n of_o air_n as_o we_o see_v in_o cup_a glass_n where_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v apply_v the_o fire_n go_v out_o beside_o the_o fuliginous_a vapour_n will_v recoil_v and_o choke_v the_o fire_n for_o there_o be_v few_o or_o no_o vent_n and_o exhalation_n see_v sol._n there_o be_v not_o any_o such_o great_a want_n
unless_o you_o will_v grant_v that_o which_o all_o philosopher_n deny_v viz._n that_o a_o privatione_fw-la ad_fw-la habitum_fw-la datur_fw-la regressuc_fw-la last_o for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o his_o opinion_n he_o bring_v in_o a_o experiment_n viz._n air_n shut_v up_o in_o a_o iron_n pipe_n of_o a_o ell_n long_o may_v be_v compress_v by_o force_n that_o it_o will_v be_v contain_v within_o the_o space_n of_o five_o finger_n which_o when_o it_o expand_v itself_o drive_v out_o the_o pellet_n with_o which_o it_o be_v stop_v at_o the_o one_o end_n with_o a_o sound_n like_o to_o that_o of_o a_o gun_n which_o will_v not_o be_v if_o the_o air_n thus_o compress_v can_v have_v be_v turn_v into_o water_n by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o iron_n argument_n confirm_v the_o three_o opinion_n and_o objection_n make_v against_o it_o answer_v the_o three_o opinion_n be_v the_o most_o ancient_a of_o all_o and_o be_v hold_v by_o plato_n and_o thales_n himself_o one_o of_o the_o first_o philosopher_n in_o greece_n and_o not_o so_o only_o but_o be_v also_o assert_v in_o sacred_a writ_n viz._n eclesiastes_n chap._n i._n vers._n 7._o where_o the_o wise_a of_o man_n affirm_v that_o all_o the_o river_n run_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o yet_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o full_a unto_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o the_o river_n come_v thither_o they_o return_v again_o the_o reason_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v many_o but_o the_o chief_a be_v these_o two_o first_o because_o there_o be_v not_o anybody_o beside_o the_o vast_a ocean_n that_o can_v afford_v near_o such_o a_o abundance_n of_o water_n as_o spring_v from_o the_o earth_n second_o because_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v not_o increase_v by_o that_o multitude_n of_o water_n that_o flow_v daily_o into_o it_o as_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v unless_o they_o do_v by_o occult_a cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n return_v to_o their_o fountain_n as_o be_v declare_v in_o the_o fore_o cite_v place_n by_o the_o wise_a of_o philosopher_n neither_o be_v aristotle_n impute_v the_o waste_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o sun_n and_o wind_n of_o any_o force_n to_o persuade_v to_o the_o contrary_a for_o although_o this_o kind_n of_o waste_v may_v be_v grant_v in_o part_n yet_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v according_a to_o his_o judgement_n his_o whole_a element_n of_o water_n have_v be_v long_o since_o consume_v obj._n see_v the_o sea_n according_a to_o its_o situation_n be_v low_a than_o spring_n for_o the_o course_n of_o water_n be_v downward_o how_o then_o do_v the_o water_n thereof_o ascend_v so_o high_a as_o the_o head_n of_o spring_n especial_o those_o in_o high_a mountain_n and_o hill_n sol._n i_o shall_v first_o show_v after_o what_o manner_n it_o do_v not_o ascend_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o for_o there_o be_v divers_a opinion_n concerning_o the_o cause_n of_o its_o ascent_n 1._o it_o be_v not_o force_v upward_o by_o a_o spirit_n or_o breath_n that_o be_v in_o the_o water_n itself_o as_o pliny_n and_o vallesius_n suppose_v for_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v grant_v that_o there_o be_v any_o such_o intrinsical_a impulsive_a spirit_n or_o breath_n in_o water_n as_o it_o can_v not_o rational_o be_v for_o it_o be_v not_o observe_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v move_v any_o other_o way_n but_o by_o tempest_n sometime_o and_o the_o moon_n by_o way_n of_o tide_n yet_o that_o can_v not_o though_o assist_v extrinsecal_o by_o strong_a wind_n blow_v contrary_o and_o that_o in_o a_o open_a sea_n force_v they_o to_o the_o height_n of_o spring_n much_o less_o can_v it_o alone_o in_o subterraneal_a crooked_a channel_n 2._o neither_o do_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o earth_n force_v it_o up_o as_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o bodinus_fw-la and_o thales_n for_o the_o earth_n see_v it_o be_v a_o solid_a and_o firm_a body_n do_v not_o lie_v upon_o and_o press_v the_o water_n but_o contrary_o the_o water_n the_o earth_n neither_o be_v the_o earth_n hold_v up_o by_o the_o water_n but_o the_o water_n by_o the_o earth_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o all_o river_n lake_n pit_n and_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o when_o it_o be_v in_o channel_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o if_o they_o shall_v not_o at_o any_o time_n be_v quite_o full_a as_o it_o sometime_o happen_v the_o upper_a part_n alone_o prove_v empty_a which_o will_v not_o be_v if_o the_o water_n be_v press_v by_o the_o earth_n but_o contrary_o 3._o neither_o do_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o sea_n force_v itself_o up_o as_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o seneca_n who_o suppose_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v out_o of_o its_o place_n viz._n above_o its_o place_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o air_n and_o so_o above_o the_o head_n of_o spring_n towards_o which_o it_o force_v itself_o by_o its_o natural_a descent_n and_o so_o rise_v up_o again_o as_o high_a as_o the_o level_n of_o the_o water_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v but_o he_o prove_v it_o not_o only_o he_o assert_v it_o but_o doctor_n jorden_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o bath_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n as_o touch_v the_o sea_n be_v high_o than_o the_o earth_n though_o he_o hold_v that_o the_o natural_a place_n of_o the_o water_n be_v above_o the_o earth_n seem_v to_o give_v some_o plausible_a account_n of_o it_o for_o say_v he_o although_o near_o the_o coast_n it_o be_v depress_v and_o low_a than_o the_o shore_n yet_o there_o be_v reason_n for_o that_o because_o it_o be_v terminate_v by_o the_o dry_a and_o solid_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o see_v in_o a_o cup_n or_o bowl_n of_o water_n fill_v to_o the_o top_n we_o may_v put_v in_o a_o great_a bulk_n of_o silver_n in_o piece_n and_o yet_o the_o water_n will_v not_o run_v over_o but_o be_v heighten_v above_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o bowl_n the_o like_a say_v he_o we_o may_v see_v in_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n put_v upon_o a_o table_n where_o the_o edge_n or_o extremity_n of_o the_o water_n be_v terminate_v by_o the_o dry_a substance_n of_o the_o table_n be_v depress_v and_o low_a than_o the_o middle_a like_o a_o half_a globe_n but_o take_v away_o the_o termination_n by_o moisten_v the_o table_n and_o the_o drop_n sink_v even_o to_o a_o evenness_n and_o whereas_o we_o see_v say_v he_o that_o river_n run_v downward_o towards_o the_o sea_n per_fw-la declive_a it_o do_v not_o prove_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v low_a than_o the_o land_n but_o only_o near_o the_o shore_n where_o it_o be_v thus_o terminate_v and_o in_o lieu_n of_o this_o it_o have_v scope_n enough_o assign_v it_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o globe_n and_o so_o to_o be_v as_o high_a as_o the_o land_n if_o not_o high_a now_o if_o i_o shall_v grant_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v high_a in_o the_o middle_a than_o the_o high_a place_n of_o the_o land_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o improbable_a that_o it_o shall_v force_v itself_o to_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n soon_o than_o into_o river_n which_o be_v far_o low_o than_o the_o head_n of_o spring_n and_o more_o open_a than_o the_o narrow_a channel_n and_o vein_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o it_o must_v pass_v to_o the_o spring_n and_o for_o that_o similitude_n of_o his_o concerning_o the_o termination_n of_o water_n by_o dryness_n it_o will_v not_o hold_v water_n nay_o it_o rather_o make_v against_o he_o than_o for_o he_o for_o he_o say_v that_o this_o termination_n be_v take_v away_o by_o moisture_n now_o let_v i_o demand_v of_o he_o or_o of_o those_o of_o his_o judgement_n whether_o or_o no_o many_o great_a river_n terminate_v in_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a moisture_n for_o the_o take_v away_o of_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o water_n make_v by_o the_o dryness_n of_o earth_n and_o so_o to_o make_v the_o globous_a sea_n to_o sink_v to_o a_o evenness_n 4._o and_o as_o the_o water_n be_v not_o elevate_v by_o any_o of_o the_o three_o foregoing_a way_n of_o impulse_n or_o force_v so_o neither_o be_v it_o by_o any_o of_o these_o two_o way_n of_o attraction_n viz._n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o planet_n or_o by_o the_o earth_n suck_v it_o in_o as_o a_o sponge_n do_v water_n from_o beneath_o and_o send_v it_o to_o high_a place_n for_o the_o first_o there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o attractive_a virtue_n demonstrate_v and_o if_o there_o be_v it_o will_v as_o well_o and_o promiscous_o extend_v a_o like_a to_o valley_n and_o low_a country_n where_o we_o see_v few_o fountain_n as_o well_o as_o to_o high_a mountain_n and_o hill_n from_o whence_o proceed_v the_o great_a spring_n as_o to_o the_o second_o a_o attractive_a virtue_n if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o here_o attract_v to_o this_o end_n that_o the_o subject_n wherein_o it_o be_v may_v consume_v retain_v or_o
itself_o and_o natural_o cold_a because_o dense_a and_o heavy_a but_o hot_a accidental_o only_a now_o the_o great_a question_n will_v be_v from_o whence_o this_o heat_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v proceed_v i_o will_v first_o show_v from_o whence_o it_o do_v not_o proceed_v and_o thereby_o confute_v the_o opinion_n of_o some_o 1._o it_o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o sun_n as_o many_o imagine_v suppose_v that_o all_o heat_n in_o the_o world_n come_v from_o thence_o and_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v beat_v upon_o by_o the_o sunbeam_n do_v thereby_o receive_v into_o itself_o a_o certain_a heat_a virtue_n but_o this_o be_v very_o improbable_a see_v that_o they_o that_o dig_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n observe_v that_o the_o heat_a power_n of_o the_o sun_n although_o in_o most_o hot_a season_n do_v not_o penetrate_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n above_o six_o foot_n deep_a do_v not_o we_o see_v how_o a_o thin_a wall_n or_o bough_n of_o tree_n in_o a_o arbour_n keep_v off_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n though_o never_o so_o great_a to_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v cold_o two_o foot_n deep_a in_o summer_n than_o in_o winter_n 2._o it_o proceed_v not_o from_o a_o antiperistasis_n of_o the_o cold_a air_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o this_o have_v place_n no_o further_o than_o the_o heat_a power_n of_o the_o ray_n come_v beside_o the_o natural_a cold_a of_o the_o solid_a and_o dense_a earth_n must_v of_o necessity_n have_v great_a power_n to_o repel_v upward_o than_o the_o adventious_a of_o the_o soft_a thin_a and_o light_a air_n to_o force_v downward_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o indeed_o in_o all_o reason_n shall_v be_v generate_v but_o a_o little_a way_n within_o the_o earth_n of_o its_o own_o accord_n be_v very_o light_o ascend_v upward_o through_o the_o passage_n make_v by_o the_o sun_n and_o this_o we_o know_v that_o after_o a_o long_a summer_n day_n it_o be_v before_o the_o next_o morning_n almost_o vanish_v though_o never_o so_o great_a much_o less_o will_v it_o be_v preserve_v till_o and_o through_o the_o winter_n it_o must_v then_o of_o necessity_n be_v another_o kind_n of_o heat_n and_o it_o be_v such_o that_o towards_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v cold_a as_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o its_o original_n or_o beginning_n and_o be_v in_o summertime_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o sun_n open_v the_o earth_n and_o make_v vent_n easy_o expire_v and_o be_v therefore_o less_o perceive_v but_o in_o winter_n frost_n be_v restrain_v from_o exhale_v and_o be_v condense_v as_o may_v easy_o be_v perceive_v in_o deep_a well_n now_o to_o know_v from_o what_o principle_n this_o heat_n have_v its_o original_n or_o rise_v we_o must_v examine_v whence_o proceed_v the_o heat_n in_o hot_a bath_n for_o there_o the_o subterraneal_a heat_n offer_v itself_o more_o conspicuous_a and_o apparent_a to_o our_o view_n but_o concerning_o the_o original_a of_o the_o heat_n of_o subterraneal_a water_n there_o be_v as_o much_o doubt_n as_o of_o the_o generation_n of_o those_o water_n themselves_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n endeavour_v to_o prove_v how_o heat_n do_v not_o come_v thereby_o confute_v the_o opnion_n of_o some_o and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v which_o way_n it_o may_v proceed_v probable_o 1._o it_o be_v not_o cause_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o that_o partly_o for_o the_o reason_n above_o mention_v as_o also_o because_o then_o those_o water_n will_v be_v hot_a in_o summertime_n than_o in_o winter_n 2._o it_o be_v not_o from_o the_o agitation_n of_o wind_n in_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o fountain_n for_o if_o so_o than_o they_o be_v vent_v forth_o the_o heat_n will_v present_o be_v extinguish_v 3._o it_o come_v not_o from_o sulphur_n calx_fw-la viva_fw-la as_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o many_o learned_a as_o seneca_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o because_o neither_o do_v sulphur_n at_o all_o heat_n unless_o it_o be_v actual_o hot_a nor_o calx_fw-la viva_fw-la unless_o while_o it_o be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o that_o vast_a quantity_n which_o will_v in_o a_o little_a time_n be_v resolve_v and_o the_o sudden_a remarkable_a change_n that_o will_v be_v in_o hot_a spring_n 4._o it_o proceed_v not_o according_a to_o doctor_n jordens_n opinion_n from_o the_o fermentation_n that_o be_v in_o the_o generation_n of_o metal_n and_o mineral_n cause_v by_o the_o agent_n spirit_n act_v upon_o the_o patient_a matter_n and_o so_o produce_v a_o actual_a heat_n for_o ex_fw-la motu_fw-la fit_fw-la calor_fw-la say_v all_o philosopher_n which_o serve_v as_o a_o instrument_n to_o further_a this_o work_n of_o generation_n for_o if_o it_o be_v so_o than_o the_o heat_n in_o bath_n will_v in_o time_n cease_v for_o he_o himself_o say_v that_o this_o ferment_a heat_n continue_v no_o long_o till_o the_o generation_n of_o they_o be_v finish_v which_o be_v do_v in_o some_o determinate_a time_n but_o we_o see_v that_o the_o hot_a bath_n continue_v for_o ever_o neither_o do_v it_o suffice_v that_o he_o say_v that_o generation_n of_o metal_n be_v not_o terminate_v with_o one_o production_n but_o the_o mineral_n seed_n gather_v strength_n by_o enlarge_v itself_o and_o so_o it_o continual_o proceed_v to_o subdue_v more_o matter_n under_o its_o government_n so_o as_o where_o once_o a_o generation_n be_v begin_v it_o continue_v many_o age_n and_o seldom_o give_v over_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o iron_n mine_n of_o illua_n the_o tin_n mine_n in_o cornwall_n the_o lead_v mine_n at_o mendip_n and_o the_o peak_n which_o do_v not_o only_o stretch_v further_o in_o extent_n of_o ground_n than_o have_v be_v observe_v heretofore_o but_o also_o be_v renew_v in_o the_o same_o ground_n which_o have_v be_v former_o wrought_v i_o say_v his_o say_n thus_o do_v not_o suffice_v for_o though_o it_o be_v so_o as_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o it_o may_v yet_o notwithstanding_o he_o do_v not_o say_v that_o generation_n of_o metal_n continue_v in_o one_o place_n except_o any_o ground_n be_v dig_v first_o and_o so_o space_n and_o place_n leave_v for_o new_a matter_n to_o come_v as_o be_v not_o in_o our_o bath_n and_o so_o by_o consequence_n the_o flow_n of_o hot_a water_n will_v cease_v in_o that_o place_n where_o the_o say_a generation_n be_v not_o continue_v and_o if_o that_o generation_n be_v extend_v further_o yet_o so_o also_o and_o according_o be_v the_o heat_n diminish_v unless_o it_o break_v forth_o continual_o in_o new_a place_n but_o we_o see_v hot_a spring_n continue_v many_o year_n together_o in_o one_o place_n at_o a_o constant_a heat_n beside_o if_o this_o opinion_n be_v true_a than_o where_o we_o see_v metal_n and_o mineral_n generate_v there_o also_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v hot_a bath_n but_o we_o see_v it_o be_v not_o so_o i_o shall_v now_o moreover_o demand_v of_o he_o how_o that_o crude_a metalline_a matter_n be_v before_o any_o the_o say_a fermentation_n sublime_v from_o the_o central_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o superficies_n thereof_o if_o not_o by_o a_o subterraneal_a fire_n all_o these_o be_v exclude_v it_o remain_v now_o that_o we_o consider_v of_o a_o subterraneal_a fire_n only_o for_o it_o seem_v impossible_a that_o so_o great_a and_o durable_a a_o heat_n shall_v be_v cause_v or_o preserve_v by_o any_o other_o power_n whatsoever_o than_o that_o of_o fire_n and_o of_o this_o opinion_n be_v empedocles_n a_o ancient_a greek_a philosopher_n and_o also_o seneca_n but_o both_o these_o differ_v among_o themselves_o as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o heat_n proceed_v from_o this_o fire_n and_o indeed_o from_o other_o author_n that_o seem_v to_o be_v more_o anthentick_a the_o one_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o the_o fire_n be_v under_o the_o place_n through_o which_o the_o water_n run_v and_o so_o like_o fire_n under_o a_o still_a force_n up_o the_o water_n by_o way_n of_o a_o vapour_n the_o other_o that_o the_o heat_n proceed_v from_o some_o occult_a remote_a burn_a and_o pass_v through_o the_o vein_n and_o fibre_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o it_o meet_v with_o the_o water_n and_o distil_v they_o up_o to_o the_o head_n of_o the_o fountain_n but_o agricola_n except_v against_o these_o two_o way_n as_o be_v very_o impropable_a the_o first_o because_o the_o earth_n where_o the_o fire_n be_v can_v not_o endure_v the_o fire_n so_o long_o be_v of_o a_o calcinable_a and_o cumbustible_a nature_n the_o second_o because_o by_o this_o way_n such_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n can_v not_o be_v so_o heat_v as_o to_o be_v turn_v into_o a_o vapour_n so_o sudden_o by_o so_o small_a a_o degree_n of_o heat_n there_o can_v therefore_o no_o other_o reason_n be_v give_v for_o these_o hot_a spring_n than_o the_o fire_n which_o
of_o air_n in_o the_o earth_n nay_o there_o be_v such_o a_o plenty_n of_o it_o there_o that_o many_o learned_a philosopher_n be_v nay_o aristotle_n himself_o of_o opinion_n that_o all_o spring_n be_v generate_v of_o subterraneal_a air_n 2._o air_n be_v not_o the_o aliment_n of_o fire_n for_o say_v the_o lord_n bacon_n in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-la vita_fw-la et_fw-la morte_fw-la flamma_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la aer_fw-la accensus_fw-la flame_n be_v not_o kindle_v air_n nay_o but_o unctuous_a vapour_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o matter_n that_o be_v burn_v so_o that_o whereas_o without_o air_n fire_n go_v out_o and_o be_v extinguish_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o fuliginous_a vapour_n want_v evaporation_n do_v recoil_v upon_o the_o fire_n and_o choke_v it_o now_o this_o bituminous_a fire_n be_v not_o be_v of_o a_o sulphureous_a nature_n very_o fuliginous_a and_o beside_o what_o smoke_n or_o fume_n or_o vapour_n there_o come_v from_o it_o be_v subtle_a and_o penetrate_v and_o either_o evaporate_v through_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n insensible_o or_o incorporate_v themselves_o with_o some_o suitable_a subject_n that_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o be_v of_o themselves_o condense_v into_o some_o unctuous_a matter_n adhere_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o cavern_n into_o which_o they_o be_v elevate_v so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o fuliginousness_n of_o vapour_n more_o or_o less_o recoil_v the_o fire_n be_v more_o or_o less_o choke_v nay_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v historian_n there_o have_v be_v burn_a lamp_n close_o shut_v up_o in_o glass_n for_o fiftheen_n hundred_o year_n together_o in_o old_a sepulchre_n now_o they_o burn_v without_o air_n and_o be_v not_o extinguish_v by_o reason_n the_o aliment_n of_o it_o be_v a_o naphtha_n or_o bituminous_a matter_n which_o be_v so_o pure_a that_o it_o breed_v no_o fuliginous_a vapour_n to_o choke_v the_o fire_n thereof_o 3._o where_o this_o fire_n be_v very_o great_a there_o be_v a_o great_a vent_n and_o exhalation_n but_o where_o but_o little_a little_a be_v the_o vent_n and_o insensible_a and_o in_o most_o place_n the_o fire_n be_v not_o great_a extensive_o but_o intensive_o because_o it_o be_v keep_v within_o a_o narrow_a compass_n as_o in_o small_a cavern_n and_o vein_n of_o the_o earth_n q_o how_o come_v this_o bitumen_n to_o be_v kindle_v in_o the_o earth_n sol._n it_o be_v agree_v by_o all_o that_o be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o bitumen_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o subterraneal_a fire_n that_o hot_a and_o dry_a exhalation_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v shut_v up_o and_o not_o find_v any_o place_n to_o break_v forth_o be_v agitate_a attenuate_v rarify_v and_o so_o inflame_v and_o be_v inflame_v kindle_v the_o bitumen_n now_o last_o let_v no_o man_n wonder_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v so_o great_a a_o force_n of_o fire_n contain_v in_o the_o earth_n as_o to_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o generation_n of_o so_o many_o spring_n that_o flow_v from_o thence_o daily_a see_v pliny_n and_o many_o other_o philosopher_n wonder_v so_o much_o on_o the_o other_o side_n when_o they_o consider_v of_o the_o subterraneal_a fire_n and_o break_v forth_o into_o a_o exclamation_n say_v it_o be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o miracle_n that_o all_o thing_n be_v not_o every_o day_n burn_v up_o and_o can_v the_o burn_n of_o the_o aetnean_a visuvian_n nymphean_a mountain_n convince_v we_o a_o little_a of_o this_o but_o for_o the_o further_a confirmation_n of_o this_o opinion_n let_v we_o a_o little_a consider_v whence_o the_o wind_n proceed_v and_o what_o they_o be_v and_o be_v they_o not_o a_o hot_a and_o dry_a exhalation_n now_o that_o this_o proceed_v from_o and_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n most_o agree_v and_o that_o it_o enter_v not_o first_o into_o the_o earth_n be_v very_o probable_a for_o how_o can_v a_o hot_a dry_a light_a exhalation_n who_o nature_n and_o property_n be_v to_o ascend_v descend_v into_o the_o earth_n in_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o to_o cause_v such_o great_a and_o last_a wind_n as_o many_o time_n happen_v it_o must_v therefore_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n original_o and_o be_v stir_v up_o by_o some_o great_a heat_n in_o the_o same_o and_o what_o shall_v we_o think_v of_o the_o dry_a exhalation_n or_o spirit_n which_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o great_a quantity_n and_o endeavour_v to_o break_v forth_o through_o obstruct_a passage_n cause_v great_a earthquake_n whereby_o city_n town_n and_o country_n have_v be_v overthrow_v to_o say_v nothing_o of_o those_o dreadful_a noise_n sometime_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n whence_o i_o say_v these_o great_a exhalation_n i_o say_v great_a because_o i_o confess_v that_o some_o little_a quantity_n of_o they_o may_v be_v cause_v by_o certain_a fermentation_n in_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v raise_v if_o not_o from_o some_o great_a heat_n of_o fire_n within_o the_o earth_n never_o any_o one_o yet_o can_v rational_o determine_v and_o caesius_n affirm_v that_o at_o a_o certain_a village_n call_v tripergulus_n about_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n since_o after_o fiftteen_a day_n earthquake_n the_o earth_n open_v and_o wind_n smoke_n and_o very_o great_a fire_n break_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o same_o also_o pumice-stone_n and_o abundance_n of_o ash_n in_o so_o much_o as_o they_o make_v a_o mountain_n and_o about_o that_o place_n be_v many_o hot_a spring_n also_o in_o apulia_n be_v a_o hot_a bath_n call_v tribulus_fw-la where_o there_o be_v abundance_n of_o ash_n and_o calcine_v stone_n and_o about_o the_o lake_n lucrinus_n and_o avernus_n be_v the_o same_o but_o if_o any_o shall_v yet_o doubt_v that_o wind_n proceed_v from_o the_o earth_n or_o from_o the_o occult_a fire_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o shall_v make_v it_o yet_o further_o to_o appear_v by_o propound_v to_o their_o consideration_n some_o observation_n concerning_o the_o sea_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o wind_n do_v proceed_v from_o the_o sea_n after_o a_o more_o apparent_a and_o violent_a manner_n than_o from_o the_o land_n and_o that_o more_o certain_a sign_n of_o a_o ensue_a wind_n be_v take_v from_o the_o sea_n than_o from_o the_o land_n for_o when_o a_o calm_a sea_n make_v a_o murmur_a noise_n within_o itself_o it_o signify_v that_o then_o the_o exhalation_n which_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v rise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o this_o the_o fish_n perceive_v and_o be_v afraid_a of_o it_o especial_o dolphin_n play_v above_o the_o water_n and_o the_o sea-urchin_n fasten_v themselves_o to_o rock_n the_o sea_n a_o little_a swell_n show_v that_o the_o exhalation_n be_v endeavour_v a_o vent_n then_o boil_v show_v that_o it_o have_v penetrate_v to_o the_o superficies_n but_o as_o yet_o in_o a_o little_a quantity_n but_o then_o the_o eruptious_a of_o the_o exhalation_n follow_v upon_o the_o water_n mount_v up_o aloft_o make_v wind_n and_o a_o tempest_n such_o as_o mariner_n have_v often_o experience_n of_o when_o as_o they_o perceive_v that_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o no_o other_o place_n but_o arise_v at_o themselves_o now_o why_o wave_n or_o billow_n shall_v precede_v wind_n let_v any_o man_n if_o he_o can_v give_v any_o other_o reason_n also_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o some_o mariner_n that_o a_o little_a before_o a_o great_a tempest_n there_o be_v see_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o a_o unctuous_a shine_v matter_n float_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o this_o be_v a_o infallible_a sign_n of_o a_o ensue_a storm_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v because_o wind_n break_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n force_v up_o with_o itself_o that_o bituminous_a matter_n from_o the_o place_n where_o itself_o be_v generate_v but_o now_o why_o wind_n shall_v arise_v from_o the_o sea_n more_o apparent_o than_o from_o the_o land_n be_v because_o there_o be_v more_o plenty_n of_o fire_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o there_o it_o have_v more_o aliment_n or_o fuel_n viz._n water_n which_o as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v the_o aliment_n of_o that_o bituminous_a fire_n and_o whence_o be_v those_o great_a mountain_n of_o stone_n and_o mineral_n and_o those_o island_n which_o do_v sometime_o arise_v up_o anew_o from_o the_o sea_n but_o from_o a_o subterraneal_a fire_n which_o force_v they_o up_o from_o thence_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o learned_a sendivogius_n and_o experience_a erker_n and_o those_o chasm_n and_o gape_n of_o the_o sea_n much_o more_o may_v be_v allege_v for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o opinion_n as_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o mineral_n and_o metal_n and_o many_o such_o like_a subterraneal_a operation_n which_o can_v not_o rational_o be_v ascribe_v to_o any_o other_o cause_n than_o fire_n within_o the_o earth_n but_o all_o the_o premise_n be_v serious_o
spring_n and_o water_n be_v find_v which_o be_v impregnate_v with_o the_o aforesaid_a four_o kind_n of_o ingredient_n 1._o of_o metal_n gold_n be_v say_v to_o be_v find_v mix_v with_o balneis_fw-la ficuncellensibus_fw-la fabariis_fw-la piperinis_n etc._n etc._n silver_n in_o a_o certain_a spring_n in_o hungary_n and_o in_o the_o bath_n at_o bol._n etc._n etc._n copper_n in_o the_o bath_n of_o saint_n mary_n in_o flaminia_n in_fw-la thermis_fw-la cellensibus_fw-la in_o suevia_n and_o in_o many_o place_n in_o germany_n etc._n etc._n iron_n in_o spring_n in_o agro_n lucensi_fw-la in_o asatia_n in_o agro_n calderiano_n and_o divers_a in_o england_n lead_v in_o lorraine_n whence_o a_o certain_a bath_n there_o be_v call_v balneum_fw-la plumbaceum_fw-la quicksilver_n in_o serra_n mordena_n in_o spain_n near_o the_o village_n almediea_n in_o a_o cave_n where_o they_o say_v be_v many_o well_n infect_v therewith_o 2._o of_o mineral_n sulphur_n be_v say_v to_o be_v find_v in_o thermis_fw-la puteolanis_fw-la aponitanis_n and_o badensibus_fw-la in_o helvetia_n and_o those_o at_o knaresborow_n antimony_n in_o germany_n and_o in_o a_o certain_a spring_n at_o meldula_n as_o also_o in_o divers_a other_o purge_a water_n arsenic_n and_o auripgimentum_fw-la in_o the_o lake_n avernus_n bitumen_n in_o the_o well_n at_o baia_n mutina_n and_o those_o at_o knaresborow_n call_v the_o sulphur-well_n salt_n in_o balneis_fw-la agri_fw-la pistoriensis_n and_o volaterrani_fw-la and_o in_o the_o sulphur-well_n at_o knaresborow_n nitre_n in_o agro_n puteolano_n of_o campania_n in_o egypt_n and_o divers_a other_o place_n where_o the_o water_n be_v very_o nitrous_a alum_n in_o balneis_fw-la agri_n senensis_fw-la and_o lucensis_n and_o in_o some_o spring_n in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n vitriol_n in_o agro_fw-la volaterrano_n and_o those_o spaw-well_n in_o germany_n and_o these_o in_o england_n 3._o of_o stone_n plaster_n in_o a_o spring_n of_o the_o mountain_n grotus_n in_o agro_fw-la pataviano_fw-it lime-stone_n in_o spring_n of_o chalky_a country_n where_o the_o water_n sometime_o run_v forth_o white_a marble_n in_o a_o bath_n in_fw-la agro_fw-la agnano_fw-it 4._o of_o earth_n potter_n clay_n in_o a_o bath_n of_o the_o mountain_n orthonus_n rubric_n or_o a_o certain_a red_a earth_n for_o so_o sometime_o it_o signify_v in_o aquis_fw-la calderianiâ—_fw-la marle_n in_o oaxes_n a_o river_n of_o scythia_n etc._n etc._n but_o of_o all_o these_o by_o the_o way_n only_o and_o for_o method_n sake_n and_o also_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o what_o be_v behind_o and_o indeed_o be_v the_o chief_a subject_n of_o this_o present_a treatise_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o original_a of_o vitriol_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o vitrioline_n water_n or_o spa_n difference_n of_o they_o the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o different_a operation_n in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o shall_v give_v a_o description_n of_o vitriol_n in_o which_o shall_v be_v declare_v the_o cause_n thereof_o and_o explain_v the_o term_n thereof_o difficult_a and_o not_o obvious_a to_o every_o one_o apprehension_n as_o be_v not_o usual_a in_o common_a natural_a philosophy_n 〈◊〉_d vitriol_n therefore_o be_v but_o a_o esurine_a acid_a salt_n of_o the_o embrionated_a sulphur_n of_o copper_n or_o iron_n which_o attract_v a_o acidity_n from_o air_n or_o water_n be_v thereby_o open_v and_o resolve_v and_o then_o corrode_v the_o part_n of_o the_o say_a metal_n with_o which_o it_o be_v connate_a the_o body_n of_o which_o compound_n consist_v of_o pure_a metal_n and_o superfluos_fw-la sulphur_n and_o salt_n be_v thus_o open_v be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n pass_v through_o the_o vein_n thereof_o and_o this_o water_n thus_o impregnate_v be_v boil_v to_o a_o vitriol_n the_o difficult_a term_n hereof_o i_o thus_o explain_v 1._o by_o embrionated_a sulphur_n i_o understand_v a_o superfluous_a sulphur_n which_o be_v not_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o metal_n but_o connate_a only_o with_o they_o for_o the_o embrional_a conservation_n of_o they_o and_o after_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o metal_n be_v cast_v off_o in_o part_n by_o nature_n and_o more_o full_o by_o the_o refiner_n fire_n paracelsus_n explain_v it_o by_o a_o familiar_a example_n of_o a_o nut._n a_o nut_n say_v he_o per_fw-la se_fw-la be_v only_o the_o kernel_n which_o be_v not_o generate_v by_o itself_o but_o together_o with_o the_o shell_n and_o shale_n which_o be_v superfluous_a and_o serve_v only_o for_o the_o embrional_a conservation_n of_o the_o nut_n that_o be_v of_o it_o while_o it_o be_v in_o a_o embryo_n or_o imperfect_a and_o here_o by_o the_o way_n note_n that_o as_o every_o mineral_n metal_n and_o vegetable_a have_v its_o distinct_a sulphur_n embrionatum_fw-la so_o every_o sulphur_n embrionatum_fw-la be_v distinct_a from_o the_o true_a genuine_a thing_n generate_v with_o which_o it_o be_v connate_a as_o much_o as_o a_o form_n essence_n substance_n and_o corporality_n differ_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o be_v but_o a_o impurity_n of_o its_o embryo_n and_o as_o it_o be_v as_o helmont_n call_v it_o the_o secundine_a thereof_o 2._o by_o esurine_a salt_n i_o understand_v in_o this_o place_n not_o the_o acid_a spirit_n of_o air_n water_n and_o subterraneal_a sulphurous_a vapour_n not_o yet_o coagulate_v or_o specificate_v which_o also_o be_v sometime_o call_v a_o acid_a or_o esurine_a salt_n but_o a_o certain_a acid_a vapour_n applicable_a to_o all_o metal_n and_o mineral_n and_o connate_a with_o they_o in_o their_o principiis_fw-la solutis_fw-la and_o embrioes_n and_o especial_o to_o those_o that_o abound_v with_o sulphur_n as_o iron_n and_o copper_n and_o with_o they_o congeal_a into_o a_o saline_a principle_n give_v consistency_n to_o the_o compositum_fw-la as_o sulphur_n do_v coagulation_n and_o be_v by_o hell-mont_n for_o want_v of_o another_o name_n call_v the_o esurine_a salt_n of_o a_o embrionated_a sulphur_n but_o any_o one_o may_v call_v it_o what_o he_o please_v if_o so_o be_v he_o understand_v it_o and_o be_v resolve_v and_o unloose_v by_o a_o acid_a spirit_n contain_v in_o air_n and_o water_n which_o spirit_n be_v indeed_o the_o seed_n of_o salt_n for_o in_o they_o viz_o in_o air_n and_o water_n be_v the_o seed_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o former_a as_o be_v therein_o imagine_v as_o say_v sendivogius_n as_o in_o the_o male_a and_o in_o the_o latter_a as_o be_v afterward_o by_o a_o circulative_a motion_n cast_v forth_o into_o the_o same_o as_o into_o their_o sperm_n for_o he_o make_v a_o subtle_a distinction_n betwixt_o seed_n and_o sperm_n wherein_o they_o be_v conserve_v take_v not_o upon_o they_o the_o nature_n of_o any_o specifical_a salt_n until_o they_o meet_v with_o some_o corporeal_a principle_n that_o be_v consentaneous_a to_o they_o and_o be_v when_o it_o meet_v with_o any_o saline_a corporeal_a principle_n in_o its_o resolve_n of_o it_o coagulate_v together_o with_o the_o same_o into_o a_o distinct_a species_n of_o salt_n viz._n into_o this_o or_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o compositum_fw-la where_o this_o solution_n and_o coagulation_n be_v make_v i_o shall_v for_o the_o better_a illustration_n of_o this_o nativity_n of_o salt_n brief_o show_v how_o two_o of_o the_o four_o say_a salt_n viz._n nitre_n and_o vitriol_n be_v make_v artificial_o because_o this_o artificial_a process_n be_v perform_v in_o imitation_n of_o the_o natural_a production_n of_o they_o 1._o the_o process_n therefore_o of_o make_v nitre_n artificial_o be_v this_o viz._n sprinkle_v distil_v vinegar_n upon_o fat_a earth_n as_o fuller_n earth_n bowl_n marvel_n etc._n etc._n beat_v small_a and_o let_v it_o stand_v for_o a_o few_o day_n in_o a_o cold_a place_n and_o you_o will_v see_v pure_a nitre_n produce_v from_o thence_o or_o take_v any_o one_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a earth_n and_o beat_v it_o small_a and_o set_v it_o in_o a_o cold_a moist_a place_n for_o some_o week_n and_o you_o will_v see_v the_o same_o effect_n now_o this_o latter_a way_n seem_v as_o much_o natural_a as_o artificial_a and_o indeed_o it_o be_v just_a in_o imitation_n of_o nature_n for_o we_o see_v that_o any_o fat_a earth_n if_o it_o be_v cover_v from_o rain_n and_o the_o sun_n so_o as_o it_o spend_v not_o its_o strength_n in_o produce_v of_o herb_n and_o plant_n breed_v plenty_n of_o nitre_n now_o note_v that_o in_o these_o kind_n of_o fat_a earth_n there_o be_v at_o first_o observe_v no_o nitrous_a taste_n neither_o can_v there_o from_o thence_o be_v extract_v any_o nitre_n but_o after_o they_o have_v continue_v a_o certain_a time_n in_o the_o cold_a air_n do_v by_o a_o certain_a magnetic_a power_n of_o a_o nitrous_a principle_n or_o saline_a unctuosity_n which_o be_v in_o they_o attract_v a_o acidity_n or_o rather_o acid_a spirit_n which_o open_v the_o body_n of_o those_o fat_a earth_n and_o resolve_v the_o say_a saline_a unctuosity_n and_o be_v therewith_o coagulate_a for_o the_o solution_n of_o the_o one_o be_v the_o coagulation_n of_o
the_o other_o and_o after_o this_o manner_n be_v the_o nativity_n of_o nitre_n 2._o the_o process_n of_o make_v artificial_a vitriol_n be_v manifold_a i_o shall_v speak_v of_o only_o two_o and_o they_o be_v these_o 1._o cast_v sulphur_n into_o melt_a copper_n and_o there_o let_v it_o burn_v till_o it_o cease_v to_o burn_v any_o more_o then_o present_o cast_v the_o melt_a copper_n into_o rain-water_n which_o will_v thereby_o become_v green_a this_o do_v so_o often_o till_o all_o the_o copper_n be_v dissolve_v in_o the_o water_n then_o evaporate_v the_o water_n and_o you_o shall_v have_v a_o good_a vitriol_n note_v that_o it_o be_v a_o acid_a spirit_n in_o the_o sulphur_n which_o open_v and_o resolve_v the_o esurine_a salt_n in_o the_o copper_n whereby_o the_o copper_n itself_o be_v corrode_v and_o fit_a for_o dissolution_n in_o the_o water_n 2._o take_v copperas_n stone_n which_o be_v a_o certain_a sulphurous_a glitter_a marcasite_n break_v to_o piece_n a_o good_a quantity_n of_o they_o and_o lay_v they_o in_o air_n and_o rain_n upon_o stick_n over_o wooden_a vessel_n and_o in_o a_o certain_a time_n the_o stone_n will_v be_v resolve_v by_o a_o acid_a spirit_n in_o the_o air_n and_o water_n and_o wash_v down_o into_o the_o say_a vessel_n with_o the_o rain-water_n which_o will_v thereby_o become_v green_a and_o yield_v upon_o evaporation_n a_o good_a green_a vitriol_n and_o after_o this_o manner_n do_v we_o make_v our_o vitriol_n or_o copperas_n in_o england_n now_o let_v it_o not_o seem_v strange_a to_o any_o one_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o acidity_n in_o water_n and_o air_n for_o whence_o else_o do_v iron_n and_o copper_n be_v put_v into_o water_n or_o stand_v long_o in_o the_o air_n especial_o in_o a_o cold_a cellar_n contract_v such_o a_o rust_n as_o they_o do_v be_v not_o this_o rust_n from_o the_o aforesaid_a acid_a spirit_n viz._n of_o the_o air_n and_o water_n resolve_v the_o erusine_n salt_n in_o those_o metal_n and_o make_v it_o thereby_o more_o corrosive_n and_o more_o powerful_a to_o corrode_v part_n of_o the_o metal_n themselves_o with_o which_o it_o be_v mix_v per_fw-la minima_fw-la and_o will_v not_o this_o rust_n be_v boil_v in_o rain-water_n yield_v a_o vitriol_n ob._n but_o some_o will_v object_v and_o say_v that_o this_o rust_n be_v cause_v not_o from_o the_o acidity_n but_o only_o from_o the_o humidity_n of_o the_o air_n and_o water_n resolve_v thereby_o the_o say_a esurine_a salt_n sol._n this_o i_o will_v solve_v with_o a_o relation_n of_o two_o experiment_n viz._n 1._o take_v the_o above_o name_a copperas_n stone_n break_v to_o piece_n weigh_v they_o exact_o and_o lay_v they_o in_o a_o cold_a moist_a place_n but_o so_o that_o no_o rain_n come_v at_o they_o to_o wash_v away_o the_o salt_n thereof_o as_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o acidity_n of_o the_o air_n and_o after_o some_o month_n they_o will_v by_o a_o certain_a magnetical_a power_n attract_v a_o certain_a saline_a humidity_n and_o fall_v into_o a_o black_a powder_n which_o be_v well_o dry_v and_o then_o weigh_v will_v prove_v far_o more_o ponderous_a than_o before_o which_o imply_v that_o there_o be_v a_o addition_n of_o something_o else_o than_o a_o mere_a quality_n viz._n the_o humidity_n of_o air_n and_o water_n 2._o take_v a_o pound_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n make_v it_o red_a hot_a and_o weigh_v it_o exact_o then_o put_v upon_o it_o two_o pint_n of_o rain-water_n distil_v and_o evaporate_v it_o than_o put_v on_o more_o and_o evaporate_v that_o also_o and_o then_o make_v the_o salt_n red_a hot_a again_o and_o weigh_v it_o and_o you_o shall_v find_v it_o far_o heavy_a than_o before_o which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o say_a salt_n attract_v to_o itself_o that_o occult_a acid_a saline_a spirit_n which_o be_v in_o the_o water_n and_o fix_v of_o it_o into_o its_o own_o nature_n and_o not_o by_o assimilate_v the_o water_n itself_o which_o will_v never_o be_v convert_v into_o salt_n any_o otherwise_o than_o as_o it_o contain_v a_o saline_a acid_a spirit_n which_o be_v the_o only_a thing_n coagulable_a in_o it_o ob._n some_o again_o will_v object_v although_o they_o do_v admit_v of_o this_o acid_a spirit_n in_o air_n and_o water_n and_o say_v that_o in_o case_n the_o say_a acid_a spirit_n do_v corrode_v and_o dissolve_v the_o metal_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v any_o such_o esurine_a salt_n in_o those_o metal_n as_o distinct_a from_o the_o pure_a mercurial_a or_o other_o sulphureous_a part_n of_o they_o but_o say_v that_o it_o corrode_v only_o the_o say_a mercurial_a and_o sulphureous_a part_n thereof_o as_o we_o see_v aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la do_v silver_n and_o mercury_n and_o aqua_fw-la regius_fw-la do_v gold_n and_o so_o become_v coagulate_v into_o a_o saline_a nature_n and_o consistency_n sol._n the_o say_a acid_a spirit_n of_o the_o air_n and_o water_n can_v not_o corrode_v or_o putrify_v the_o pure_a metalline_a part_n of_o metal_n for_o we_o see_v that_o mercury_n be_v not_o corrode_v and_o reduce_v into_o a_o saline_a nature_n thereby_o and_o that_o gold_n do_v never_o rust_v and_o that_o because_o it_o be_v purify_v from_o all_o the_o say_a acid_a saline_a principle_n and_o be_v not_o at_o all_o corrode_v but_o by_o a_o aqua_fw-la regius_fw-la and_o silver_n contract_v but_o little_a rust_n and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o small_a quantity_n there_o be_v in_o it_o of_o the_o say_a salt_n and_o for_o the_o superfluous_a embrionated_a sulphur_n that_o neither_o can_v be_v corrode_v by_o the_o say_a acid_a spirit_n any_o otherwise_o than_o it_o contain_v in_o it_o that_o esurine_a salt_n for_o if_o we_o put_v pure_a sulphur_n extract_v from_o sulpbur_fw-la vivum_fw-la into_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la it_o will_v not_o be_v corrode_v thereby_o much_o less_o than_o by_o the_o acidity_n of_o air_n and_o water_n nay_o theophrastus_n say_v that_o if_o wood_n and_o cord_n be_v smeer_v over_o with_o a_o unctuous_a oil_n which_o he_o prescribe_v to_o be_v make_v out_o of_o sulphur_n they_o will_v be_v preserve_v from_o putrefaction_n for_o ever_o though_o they_o continue_v in_o the_o air_n water_n or_o earth_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v nothing_o can_v open_v and_o resolve_v sulphur_n but_o oil_n be_v of_o a_o like_a unctuous_a nature_n with_o with_o it_o as_o i_o have_v oftentimes_o try_v there_o must_v therefore_o be_v another_o corporeal_a principle_n viz._n of_o a_o consentaneous_a suitable_a and_o saline_a nature_n that_o be_v apt_a for_o to_o be_v corrode_v and_o resolve_v and_o to_o coagulate_v the_o say_a spirit_n 3._o vitriol_n be_v make_v artificial_a after_o this_o manner_n viz._n take_v a_o ounce_n of_o spirit_n of_o sulphur_n or_o vitriol_n and_o put_v it_o into_o a_o gallon_n of_o rain-water_n stir_v they_o well_o together_o then_o put_v into_o this_o acid_a water_n half_o a_o pound_n of_o the_o fil_n of_o iron_n or_o copper_n and_o within_o a_o few_o hour_n the_o metal_n will_v attract_v the_o say_a acid_a spirit_n to_o itself_o be_v dissolve_v itself_o thereby_o and_o coagulate_v that_o this_o be_v do_v decant_v the_o water_n and_o calcine_v the_o say_a mixture_n in_o a_o crucible_n and_o be_v powder_a put_v it_o into_o rain-water_n seethe_v hot_a stir_v they_o together_o and_o then_o all_o that_o be_v settle_v to_o the_o bottom_n that_o will_v settle_v power_n off_o the_o clear_a green_a water_n and_o evaporate_v it_o and_o you_o will_v have_v a_o pure_a vitriol_n like_o unto_o this_o be_v the_o make_n of_o vitriol_n by_o sprinkle_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o distil_a vinegar_n upon_o the_o powder_n of_o steel_n or_o copper_n and_o let_v of_o they_o stand_v till_o the_o mixture_n grow_v very_o hot_a by_o fermentation_n and_o be_v again_o cool_v and_o then_o put_v it_o into_o rain-water_n seethe_v hot_a and_o proceed_v as_o in_o the_o foregoing_a process_n almost_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v verdigris_n make_v viz._n by_o hang_v plate_n of_o copper_n or_o brass_n over_o the_o hot_a vapour_n of_o vinegar_n now_o these_o three_o process_n of_o make_v artificial_a vitriol_n be_v serious_o consider_v will_v clear_o illustrate_v the_o nativity_n of_o natural_a vitriol_n which_o be_v as_o i_o conceive_v after_o this_o manner_n viz._n by_o a_o acid_a subterraneal_a spirit_n whereof_o there_o be_v great_a quantity_n in_o some_o mine_n corrode_a the_o vein_n of_o iron_n or_o rathe_a copper_n which_o be_v thus_o resolve_v and_o open_v be_v by_o the_o water_n that_o pass_v through_o they_o dissolve_v after_o which_o this_o liquor_n be_v boil_a to_o a_o vitriol_n and_o thus_o be_v make_v the_o vitriol_n in_o danzig_n hungary_n etc._n etc._n note_v that_o any_o of_o the_o say_a vitrial_n if_o they_o be_v make_v out_o of_o copper_n whether_o natural_a or_o artificial_a be_v distil_v in_o a_o force_a furnace_n yield_v oil_n and_o spirit_n and_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_fw-la
become_v to_o be_v unbodied_a for_o before_o they_o be_v incorporate_v with_o the_o water_n and_o by_o consequence_n wonderful_a spiritual_a penetrate_v even_o the_o glass_n itself_o or_o the_o lute_n and_o i_o believe_v that_o neither_o glass_n or_o lute_n can_v hold_v they_o 2._o i_o take_v two_o viol_n glass_n and_o put_v into_o they_o a_o just_a equal_a quantity_n of_o the_o spa_n water_n i_o put_v one_o of_o they_o into_o a_o skillet_n of_o warm_a water_n and_o just_o take_v the_o cold_a off_o from_o it_o than_o i_o put_v a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o the_o powder_n of_o gall_n into_o each_o of_o those_o two_o viol_n and_o that_o water_n which_o be_v cold_a receive_v no_o deep_a tincture_n than_o the_o other_o as_o i_o can_v perceive_v 3._o i_o fill_v two_o viol_n glass_n with_o this_o water_n and_o stop_v one_o of_o they_o very_o close_o with_o wax_n and_o the_o other_o i_o stop_v not_o at_o all_o and_o at_o two_o day_n end_n they_o yield_v a_o tincture_n with_o the_o powder_n of_o gall_n little_o less_o than_o that_o which_o be_v new_o take_v out_o of_o the_o well_o but_o that_o less_o which_o be_v leave_v unstop_v how_o much_o it_o will_v lose_v this_o tincture_n by_o carry_v far_o i_o do_v not_o know_v it_o be_v worth_a while_n to_o try_v and_o thereby_o to_o be_v the_o better_o assure_v how_o much_o of_o its_o strength_n be_v waste_v for_o according_a to_o the_o spend_n of_o its_o spirit_n the_o tincture_n fade_v 4._o a_o glass_n of_o this_o water_n stand_v seven_o day_n close_o stop_v with_o wax_n and_o than_o yield_v a_o tincture_n with_o gall_n like_v to_o small_a beer_n 5._o this_o water_n do_v not_o coagulate_v milk_n as_o do_v the_o german_a spaw_n and_o another_o vitrioline_n spring_n in_o the_o same_o moor_n which_o yield_v a_o vitriol_n of_o iron_n upon_o evaporation_n as_o i_o say_v before_o now_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v not_o because_o it_o be_v not_o acide_fw-la enough_o for_o it_o be_v far_o more_o acid_a than_o the_o water_n of_o the_o drop_v well_o which_o coagulate_v milk_n if_o it_o be_v boil_v with_o it_o but_o because_o the_o acidity_n thereof_o be_v not_o permanent_a or_o fix_v enough_o but_o so_o volatile_a as_o to_o evaporate_v before_o the_o milk_n boil_v 6._o this_o water_n kill_v worm_n and_o frog_n if_o they_o be_v put_v therein_o and_o such_o kind_n of_o creature_n as_o these_o 7._o it_o be_v evaporate_v leave_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o vitriol_n behind_o but_o only_o a_o insipid_a powder_n of_o a_o darkish_a colour_n like_v unto_o which_o powder_n will_v that_o bluish_a cream_n or_o skin_n which_o swim_v upon_o the_o say_a water_n after_o long_o stand_v be_v when_o it_o be_v dry_v now_o note_v that_o the_o aforesaid_a skin_n swim_v upon_o all_o such_o mineral_n water_n and_o as_o say_v h_o ab_fw-la here_o be_v be_v put_v upon_o the_o fire_n be_v inflame_v and_o yield_v a_o sulphureous_a odour_n it_o be_v also_o call_v by_o hadrianus_n mynsicht_n anima_fw-la vitrioli_fw-la 8._o i_o weigh_v this_o water_n i_o think_v exact_o to_o a_o grain_n and_o it_o weigh_v neither_o heavy_a nor_o light_a than_o simple_a spring_n water_n 9_o it_o be_v observe_v general_o and_o i_o take_v especial_a notice_n of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v almost_o a_o infallible_a sign_n of_o a_o ensue_a rain_n when_o glass_n fill_v with_o this_o water_n continue_v not_o clear_a but_o be_v cover_v all_o over_o as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o mist_n contrary_a to_o what_o be_v observe_v in_o glass_n full_a of_o simple_a common_a water_n now_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o i_o conceive_v be_v from_o the_o mineral_n subtle_a spirit_n give_v as_o nitre_n do_v activity_n to_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o water_n whereby_o the_o glass_n themselves_o become_v more_o cold_a and_o so_o cold_a as_o eminent_o and_o apparent_o to_o condense_v the_o humid_a vapour_n of_o the_o air_n with_o which_o it_o abound_v before_o the_o rain_n to_o these_o experiment_n and_o observation_n i_o shall_v add_v this_o observation_n also_o viz._n that_o this_o spa_n water_n be_v strong_a viz._n with_o the_o mineral_n spirit_n in_o winter_n frost_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o more_o bind_v up_o and_o the_o say_a spirit_n be_v thereby_o keep_v from_o perspiration_n and_o weak_a in_o rainy_a wet_a weather_n by_o reason_n the_o water_n sink_v into_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o spring_n viz._n those_o that_o lie_v near_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o can_v sink_v above_o ten_o foot_n deep_a though_o the_o rain_n be_v never_o so_o much_o also_o this_o water_n be_v in_o summertime_n strong_a in_o the_o morning_n than_o at_o noon_n because_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o night_n do_v somewhat_o bind_v the_o earth_n and_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n open_v the_o same_o thereby_o make_v it_o the_o more_o easy_a for_o the_o mineral_n spirit_n to_o evaporat_a out_o thereby_o to_o prevent_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o rain_n it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o there_o be_v a_o very_a deep_a trench_n yet_o not_o so_o deep_a as_o to_o cut_v a_o sunder_o any_o of_o the_o vein_n through_o which_o the_o water_n pass_v if_o any_o shall_v lie_v within_o six_o eight_o or_o ten_o foot_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v possible_a some_o may_v make_v round_o the_o well_o and_o bridge_n make_v over_o some_o place_n of_o the_o same_o for_o as_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o rain_n will_v be_v carry_v away_o so_o also_o the_o water_n in_o the_o boggy_a ground_n adjoin_v to_o it_o which_o may_v perhaps_o sink_v into_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o corrupt_v the_o same_o will_v be_v drain_v away_o and_o the_o well_o by_o this_o mean_n much_o improve_v for_o the_o ground_n about_o it_o be_v spongious_a and_o drink_v in_o water_n apace_o the_o uppermost_a part_n thereof_o to_o the_o depth_n of_o a_o foot_n consist_v of_o that_o hollow_a earth_n of_o which_o be_v make_v pete_fw-it and_o turf_n and_o that_o beneath_o it_o be_v sandy_a and_o also_o hollow_a chap._n viii_o of_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o spaw-well_n to_o who_o and_o in_o what_o case_n profitable_a or_o hurtful_a i_o shall_v not_o stand_v here_o to_o reckon_v up_o all_o and_o the_o several_a virtue_n of_o vitriol_n as_o not_o proper_o conduce_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n because_o the_o variety_n of_o its_o operation_n depend_v upon_o the_o variety_n of_o the_o form_n in_o which_o it_o be_v administer_v or_o use_v for_o the_o salt_n thereof_o have_v one_o operation_n the_o colcothar_n another_o the_o corrosive_a spirit_n another_o and_o that_o subtle_a acide_fw-la penetrate_v spirit_n which_o theophrastus_n call_v his_o great_a secret_n or_o arcanum_fw-la against_o the_o epilepsy_n and_o other_o such_o symptom_n because_o of_o its_o wonderful_a penetrativenes_n leave_v no_o part_n or_o place_n of_o the_o body_n unsearched_a another_o and_o with_o this_o have_v the_o spirit_n of_o the_o spa_n water_n great_a affinity_n and_o be_v therefore_o so_o much_o the_o more_o excellent_a as_o be_v so_o much_o the_o near_o to_o it_o primum_fw-la ens_fw-la as_o helmont_n call_v it_o now_o note_v by_o the_o way_n that_o although_o this_o spirit_n can_v be_v by_o itself_o extract_v out_o of_o this_o water_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v extract_v out_o of_o vitriol_n yet_o by_o a_o very_a expert_a artist_n this_o water_n according_a to_o its_o first_o quality_n cool_v and_o moisten_v actual_o heat_n and_o dry_v potential_o and_o by_o these_o four_o quality_n the_o distemper_n of_o the_o body_n consist_v in_o the_o excess_n either_o of_o heat_n cold_a dryness_n or_o moisture_n be_v temper_v every_o quality_n alter_v its_o contrary_a and_o reduce_v it_o into_o its_o natural_a temper_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v worth_a take_v notice_n of_o that_o in_o such_o case_n a_o distemper_n will_v rather_o be_v alter_v by_o its_o contrary_n than_o increase_v by_o its_o like_o as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o distemper_n consist_v in_o heat_n the_o heat_n will_v be_v allay_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o water_n and_o not_o be_v make_v more_o intense_a by_o the_o heat_n thereof_o although_o the_o heat_n continue_v long_o than_o the_o coldness_n for_o the_o water_n be_v quick_o warm_v in_o the_o stomach_n and_o then_o the_o potential_a heat_n be_v reduce_v into_o act_n and_o continue_v and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a i_o mean_v if_o the_o water_n be_v take_v regular_o and_o cautious_o or_o otherwise_o such_o happy_a success_n may_v not_o be_v expect_v now_o according_a to_o other_o quality_n viz._n second_o and_o three_o it_o cut_v dissolve_v attenuate_v absterge_v viscous_a tartarous_a humour_n in_o the_o stomach_n mesentery_n hypochondry_n reins_o bladder_n etc._o etc._o and_o evacuate_v they_o by_o urine_n as_o be_v indeed_o very_o diuretical_a and_o by_o consequence_n open_v the_o