they_o can_v breathe_v long_o they_o cease_v to_o live_v but_o infect_v do_v live_v though_o they_o can_v breathe_v for_o when_o they_o be_v cut_v in_o two_o part_n they_o will_v live_v in_o each_o part_n whereas_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o all_o the_o part_n of_o a_o animal_n shall_v breathe_v observe_v this_o last_o argument_n to_o impugn_v all_o the_o ancient_n opinion_n fish_n do_v therefore_o breath_n because_o the_o life_n of_o animal_n consist_v not_o without_o breath_n these_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o arist._n deny_v fish_n to_o breath_n but_o because_o there_o be_v a_o heart_n in_o they_o therefore_o they_o have_v need_v to_o have_v their_o heat_n temperate_v and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v so_o temperate_v they_o draw_v in_o by_o their_o gills_o water_n for_o air_n and_o let_v it_o out_o by_o the_o same_o for_o as_o in_o man_n the_o lung_n and_o the_o thorax_n be_v lift_v up_o and_o down_o in_o breathe_v so_o the_o gills_o of_o fish_n be_v dilate_v and_o contract_v in_o draw_v in_o of_o water_n to_o temper_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o heart_n for_o when_o the_o gills_o be_v dilate_v they_o draw_v in_o some_o small_a portion_n of_o water_n which_o be_v convey_v by_o certain_a passage_n to_o the_o heart_n which_o cool_v the_o heat_n thereof_o and_o when_o their_o gills_o be_v contract_v the_o water_n again_o be_v expel_v some_o do_v stiff_o oppugn_v these_o opinion_n who_o reason_n we_o shall_v now_o consider_v of_o first_o a_o fish_n be_v a_o animal_n therefore_o breathe_v be_v necessary_a because_o it_o have_v need_v of_o air_n i_o answer_v if_o by_o breathe_v or_o respiration_n they_o understand_v refrigeration_n than_o the_o consequence_n be_v to_o be_v receive_v but_o if_o they_o mean_v the_o attraction_n of_o air_n i_o deny_v it_o for_o the_o spiration_n of_o air_n be_v only_o competent_a to_o those_o animal_n endow_v with_o lung_n but_o fish_n may_v be_v refrigerated_a by_o that_o water_n which_o both_o they_o draw_v in_o by_o the_o mouth_n and_o gills_o second_o air_n be_v contain_v under_o the_o earth_n therefore_o under_o the_o water_n and_o by_o consequence_n fish_n do_v attract_v it_o and_o so_o breath_n ans._n i_o deny_v the_o consequence_n though_o air_n may_v easy_o pierce_v into_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v porous_a cavernous_a and_o dry_a yet_o into_o the_o water_n it_o can_v pierce_v because_o of_o the_o fluidness_n of_o its_o body_n be_v so_o easy_o reduce_v to_o unity_n and_o so_o close_o gather_v itself_o together_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o vacuity_n for_o air_n for_o if_o a_o staff_n be_v thrust_v into_o the_o water_n and_o draw_v out_o again_o there_o will_v be_v no_o holâ—…_n leave_v or_o resemblance_n where_o it_o be_v but_o will_v forthwith_o rise_v up_o and_o swim_v at_o top_n but_o if_o it_o be_v fix_v into_o the_o earth_n the_o hole_n whereinto_o it_o be_v put_v will_v remain_v which_o be_v immediate_o fill_v with_o air_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o the_o breathe_a faculty_n of_o mole_n under_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o take_v away_o because_o they_o always_o make_v a_o hole_n whereby_o they_o receive_v breath_n but_o now_o in_o water_n no_o pore_n or_o passage_n can_v be_v apprehend_v whereby_o air_n may_v be_v attract_v therefore_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o fish_n shall_v breathe_v therein_o three_o fish_n do_v breathe_v by_o their_o gills_o therefore_o breath_n be_v draw_v by_o they_o though_o not_o in_o the_o usual_a manner_n i_o answer_v that_o some_o spiration_n iâ—…_n manifest_a or_o perfect_a some_o obscure_a and_o imperfect_a it_o be_v manifest_a in_o those_o animal_n that_o be_v endow_v with_o the_o organ_n of_o spiration_n and_o than_o it_o be_v proper_o call_v respiration_n but_o that_o â—…tion_n of_o the_o fish_n gills_o be_v more_o right_o term_v transpiration_n and_o only_o answer_v by_o analogy_n to_o the_o true_a spiration_n for_o as_o their_o part_n viz._n lung_n and_o gills_o differ_v in_o species_n so_o also_o their_o function_n differ_v for_o as_o the_o wing_n oâ—…_n bird_n and_o fin_n of_o fish_n do_v agree_v analogical_o in_o themselves_o as_o to_o the_o efficient_a cause_n viz._n of_o motion_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la because_o fish_n by_o their_o fin_n do_v not_o fly_v as_o bird_n by_o their_o wing_n but_o swim_v so_o those_o gills_o that_o be_v give_v to_o fish_n in_o stead_n of_o lung_n be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o species_n with_o the_o lung_n of_o animal_n the_o four_o be_v take_v from_o experience_n if_o fish_n be_v put_v into_o a_o vessel_n with_o a_o narrow_a orifice_n fill_v half_o full_a of_o water_n and_o so_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vessel_n stop_v there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o desire_n in_o they_o of_o the_o enjoy_v of_o the_o air_n that_o they_o strive_v who_o shall_v be_v uppermost_a swim_v one_o upon_o another_o for_o no_o other_o cause_n then_o a_o desire_n to_o be_v next_o the_o air_n scaliger_n answer_v the_o reason_n of_o their_o so_o much_o struggle_v be_v not_o for_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o air_n but_o the_o avoid_n of_o their_o close_a imprisonment_n endeavour_v to_o find_v a_o way_n out_o of_o the_o vessel_n to_o free_v themselves_o from_o that_o scarcity_n of_o water_n into_o a_o place_n of_o more_o plenty_n and_o liberty_n five_o if_o a_o vessel_n full_a of_o water_n and_o with_o a_o row_n orifice_n be_v close_o cover_v the_o fish_n that_o be_v encloister_v within_o be_v sudden_o suffocate_v because_o no_o air_n can_v come_v unto_o they_o therefore_o it_o be_v absolute_a necessary_a for_o fish_n to_o breathe_v under_o the_o water_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o life_n this_o if_o it_o be_v true_a i_o thus_o answer_v if_o so_o than_o it_o may_v be_v judge_v to_o happen_v rather_o from_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o celestial_a light_n than_o air_n for_o thereby_o force_n and_o heat_n be_v add_v by_o the_o influence_n of_o light_n for_o all_o animate_v thing_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o this_o celestial_a spirit_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o life_n again_o if_o it_o be_v so_o that_o fish_n include_v in_o a_o vessel_n be_v suffocate_v it_o must_v happen_v that_o the_o water_n be_v deprive_v of_o air_n lose_v it_o nature_n scaliger_n exer._n 275_o for_o it_o be_v preserve_v from_o corruption_n by_o the_o air_n as_o from_o a_o superior_a form_n therefore_o it_o kill_v the_o fish_n but_o to_o conclude_v if_o fish_n shall_v die_v for_o want_v of_o air_n how_o come_v they_o to_o live_v where_o the_o water_n be_v freeze_v all_o over_o many_o thousand_o of_o pace_n together_o or_o can_v they_o receive_v air_n through_o the_o ice_n therefore_o the_o objection_n of_o our_o antagonist_n be_v frothy_a and_o vain_a l_o infect_v be_v call_v by_o the_o greek_n entoma_n because_o they_o have_v body_n distinguish_v some_o into_o two_o three_o and_o some_o more_o incisure_n and_o they_o have_v in_o stead_n of_o blood_n a_o certain_a vital_a juiâ—…e_n or_o humour_n which_o be_v analogous_n to_o blood_n which_o assoon_o as_o it_o be_v exhaust_v they_o perish_v and_o because_o those_o infect_v want_n blood_n their_o nature_n be_v cold_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o they_o breathe_v not_o for_o breath_n be_v give_v to_o animal_n by_o nature_n to_o â—…ool_v the_o blood_n and_o because_o those_o infect_v say_v aristotle_n want_v bowel_n therefore_o they_o leave_v no_o respiration_n because_o they_o have_v no_o convenient_a organ_n for_o that_o use_n but_o against_o this_o receive_a opinion_n of_o aristotle_n pliny_n object_n that_o infect_v do_v breathe_v which_o he_o maintain_v by_o two_o argument_n first_o that_o many_o kind_n of_o infect_v do_v put_v forth_o a_o certain_a noise_n as_o bee_n and_o those_o that_o want_v wing_n other_o to_o sing_v as_o grasshopper_n so_o also_o gnat_n &_o fly_n make_v a_o certain_a buzz_n &_o noise_n which_o can_v be_v except_o they_o receive_v air_n i_o answer_v when_o bee_n and_o fly_n make_v a_o noise_n it_o happen_v by_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o interior_a spirit_n and_o not_o the_o exterior_a for_o those_o infect_v that_o seem_v to_o sing_v as_o grasshopper_n do_v make_v a_o noiâ—…e_n from_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o include_v spirit_n fret_v as_o it_o be_v against_o that_o membrane_n with_o which_o their_o body_n be_v wrap_v for_o they_o do_v not_o make_v a_o noise_n by_o the_o attract_v of_o spirit_n at_o the_o mouth_n for_o they_o alone_o in_o the_o universal_a genus_fw-la of_o animal_n by_o the_o observation_n of_o aristotle_n want_v mouth_n second_o infect_v be_v endow_v with_o smell_v but_o smell_v can_v be_v effect_v but_o with_o the_o attraction_n of_o air_n by_o respiration_n therefore_o they_o breathe_v i_o answer_v the_o sense_n of_o smell_v be_v far_o different_a in_o these_o infect_v from_o that_o in_o other_o sanguineous_a animal_n for_o they_o have_v this_o
nature_n cabinet_n unlock_v wherein_o be_v discover_v the_o natural_a cause_n of_o metal_n stone_n précious_a earth_n juice_n humour_n and_o spirit_n the_o nature_n of_o plant_n in_o general_a their_o affection_n part_n and_o kind_n in_o particular_a together_o with_o a_o description_n of_o the_o individual_a part_n and_o species_n of_o all_o animate_v body_n similar_v and_o dissimilar_v median_a and_o organical_a perfect_a and_o imperfect_a with_o a_o compendious_a anatomy_n of_o the_o body_n of_o man_n as_o also_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o formation_n in_o the_o womb._n all_o thing_n be_v artificial_a for_o nature_n be_v the_o art_n of_o god_n by_o tho._n brown_n d._n of_o physic_n london_n print_v for_o edw._n farnham_n in_o popes-head_n alley_n near_o cornhill_n 1657_o of_o physiology_n treat_v of_o body_n perfect_o mix_v with_o comment_n thereupon_o chap._n 1._o of_o metal_n 1._o we_o shall_v here_o treat_v of_o those_o body_n which_o be_v perfect_o mix_v and_o substantial_a 2._o that_o body_n be_v perfect_o mix_v â—…hich_v be_v make_v solid_a by_o the_o concretion_n of_o the_o element_n and_o therefore_o daily_o grow_v hard_a and_o hard_o 3._o all_o the_o element_n do_v abide_v and_o be_v concentricate_v in_o a_o mix_a body_n because_o all_o mix_a body_n be_v carry_v to_o a_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o much_o of_o earth_n must_v needs_o be_v in_o they_o and_o if_o earth_n be_v in_o they_o than_o water_n without_o which_o earth_n can_v consist_v for_o all_o generation_n happen_v from_o their_o contrary_n so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v one_o contrary_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o opposite_a contrary_n to_o that_o arist._n lib._n 2._o de_fw-fr gen_n &_o corrupt_a c._n 8._o 4._o and_o these_o body_n be_v either_o inanimate_a or_o animate_v 5._o inanimate_a body_n be_v such_o as_o be_v void_a of_o life_n as_o metal_n stone_n precious_a earth_n 6._o metal_n be_v a_o body_n perfect_o mix_v and_o inanimate_a of_o sulphur_n and_o quicksilver_n get_v in_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o earth_n 7._o sulphur_n and_o quicksilver_n be_v often_o find_v in_o the_o vein_n of_o metal_n and_o of_o these_o for_o the_o variety_n of_o the_o temperament_n and_o mutual_a permission_n the_o professor_n of_o the_o rosy_a cross_n do_v adjudge_v metal_n to_o have_v their_o original_n 8._o they_o define_v sulphur_n to_o be_v a_o metallic_a matter_n consist_v of_o a_o subtle_a exhalation_n fat_a and_o unctuous_a include_v in_o the_o earth_n 9_o quicksilver_n b_o be_v a_o metallic_a matter_n consist_v of_o a_o vapour_n more_o subtle_a than_o water_n which_o be_v conglutinate_v with_o the_o earth_n and_o coct_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o sulphur_n 10_o the_o peripatetic_n will_v have_v a_o double_a vapour_n to_o lie_v hide_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o one_o dry_a that_o be_v more_o terrene_a than_o water_n the_o other_o moist_a and_o glutinous_a that_o be_v more_o watery_a than_o terrene_a and_o from_o these_o do_v stone_n and_o fossiles_n grow_v and_o these_o do_v produce_v proper_a metal_n arist._n 3._o met._n c._n 7._o 11._o the_o chemist_n do_v not_o dissenâ—…_n from_o this_o opinion_n of_o aristole_n for_o he_o make_v the_o matter_n of_o metal_n to_o be_v a_o remote_a vapour_n they_o a_o near_a matter_n sulphur_n and_o quicksilver_n which_o do_v grow_v from_o the_o aforesaid_a vapour_n as_o the_o remote_a matter_n of_o metal_n 12._o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o metal_n be_v heat_n and_o cold_a for_o heat_n whether_o elementary_a or_o celestial_a do_v animate_v digest_v and_o exact_o mingle_v all_o portion_n of_o matter_n which_o mass_n so_o temperate_v and_o prepare_v for_o this_o or_o that_o kind_n of_o metal_n do_v grow_v by_o cold_a and_o be_v condensated_a 13._o the_o place_n in_o which_o metal_n be_v engender_v be_v the_o bosom_n of_o the_o earth_n arist._n 3._o meet_v c._n 7._o 14._o many_o be_v make_v among_o stone_n and_o that_o often_o in_o mountain_n then_o in_o plain_n for_o according_a to_o their_o solidâ—…ty_n they_o do_v retain_v their_o colour_n better_o which_o be_v easy_o decay_a and_o disperse_v in_o plain_n because_o of_o the_o softness_n of_o the_o earth_n 15._o if_o it_o be_v demand_v whether_o their_o form_n be_v one_o or_o more_o c_z that_o be_v to_o say_v whether_o they_o can_v be_v distinguish_v among_o themselves_o in_o specifical_a difference_n which_o do_v effect_v divers_a and_o incommunicable_a form_n among_o themselves_o 16._o to_o the_o latter_a it_o be_v agree_v first_o because_o every_o species_n have_v its_o essence_n and_o that_o perfect_a second_o its_o definition_n three_o its_o heat_n four_o it_o strength_n and_o use_v scal._n exer._n 106._o sect_n 2._o 17._o but_o it_o be_v a_o great_a dispute_n among_o late_a writer_n whether_o metal_n be_v body_n inanimate_a or_o whether_o they_o live_v it_o be_v most_o certain_a they_o perform_v no_o vital_a action_n as_o other_o body_n that_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o vegetive_a soul_n therefore_o they_o be_v not_o animate_v scal._n exer._n 102._o 18._o but_o metal_n be_v either_o pure_a or_o impure_a 19_o pure_a metal_n be_v when_o there_o be_v a_o perfect_a decoction_n exquisite_o make_v as_o in_o gold_n and_o silver_n 20._o gold_n e_z be_v a_o pure_a metal_n beget_v of_o pure_a quicksilver_n fix_v red_a and_o clear_a and_o of_o pure_a red_a sulphur_n not_o too_o hot_a but_o well_o qualify_v 21._o this_o of_o all_o metal_n be_v the_o soft_a and_o tender_a want_v fatness_n it_o be_v heavy_a have_v a_o sweet_a pleasant_a and_o excellent_a sapour_fw-la and_o odor_n 22._o but_o whether_o the_o chemist_n by_o the_o industry_n of_o art_n can_v make_v true_a and_o approve_a gold_n it_o be_v a_o question_n much_o dispute_v of_o late_a yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o though_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a experience_n witness_v it_o yet_o it_o be_v â—…ot_v altogether_o impossible_a for_o if_o be_v be_v a_o follower_n and_o imitator_n of_o nature_n i_o see_v not_o why_o nature_n may_v not_o be_v imitate_v in_o frame_v of_o true_a gold_n 23._o and_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v make_v potable_a that_o be_v so_o prepare_v that_o it_o may_v be_v take_v into_o the_o body_n without_o danger_n be_v a_o great_a controversy_n between_o the_o chemist_n and_o galenist_n 24._o the_o favourer_n of_o galen_n defend_v the_o negative_a to_o which_o scaliger_n do_v subscribe_v be_v persuade_v with_o these_o two_o reason_n i._o there_o be_v no_o similitude_n to_o be_v discern_v between_o gold_n and_o our_o body_n as_o there_o be_v between_o aliment_n and_o body_n to_o be_v nourish_v ii_o because_o gold_n be_v more_o solid_a then_o that_o it_o can_v be_v overcome_v by_o our_o heat_n or_o change_v from_o its_o substance_n scal._n exer._n 272._o 25._o silver_n be_v a_o pure_a metal_n g_z begotten_a of_o clear_a quicksilver_n shine_v white_a and_o of_o pure_a sulphur_n almost_o fix_v 26._o such_o metal_n be_v impure_a which_o do_v consist_v of_o impure_a sulphur_n and_o mercury_n 27._o of_o these_o some_o have_v more_o of_o the_o humour_n or_o mercury_n and_o some_o more_o of_o the_o earth_n or_o sulphur_n 28._o lead_v and_o tinn_n do_v participate_v more_o of_o the_o humour_n 29._o lead_v h_n be_v a_o metal_n procreate_v of_o much_o crass_a and_o less-pure_a quicksilver_n and_o burn_a sulphur_n 30._o its_o species_n be_v various_a according_a to_o the_o matter_n of_o which_o it_o consist_v and_o the_o heat_n by_o which_o it_o be_v coct_v 31._o and_o hence_o it_o be_v black_a or_o clear_a 32._o black-lead_a do_v consist_v of_o impure_a quicksilver_n and_o it_o be_v less_o elaborate_a therefore_o of_o a_o base_a value_n 33._o clear_a or_o white-lead_a be_v full_o coct_v and_o do_v coâ—…_n somewhat_o of_o a_o more_o pure_a matter_n 34._o tin_n ay_o be_v a_o white-metal_n beget_v of_o much_o yet_o not_o so_o pure_a quicksilver_n outward_o white_a but_o inward_o red_a and_o of_o impure_a sulphur_n not_o well_o digest_v 35._o brass_n and_o iron_n have_v more_o of_o earth_n to_o which_o be_v add_v copper_n 36._o brass_n k_o be_v a_o impure_a metal_n beget_v of_o much_o sulphur_n red_a and_o gross_a and_o a_o little_a impure_a quicksilver_n 37._o cyprian_a brass_n be_v a_o species_n of_o it_o which_o do_v grow_v copious_o in_o the_o island_n cyprus_n whence_o it_o be_v call_v cuprum_fw-la 38._o iron_n be_v l_o a_o metal_n impure_a beget_v of_o much_o sulphur_n crude_a terrestrial_a and_o burn_a and_o a_o little_a impure_a quicksilver_n 39_o and_o although_o it_o 〈◊〉_d hard_o yet_o it_o be_v bruise_v with_o daily_a labour_n because_o there_o go_v to_o its_o generation_n less_o quicksilver_n or_o humour_n but_o more_o sulphur_n or_o terrene_a 40._o copper_n be_v factitious_a brass_n clarify_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o gold_n or_o rather_o more_o yellow_a 41._o the_o native_a be_v now_o of_o no_o use_n and_o
therefore_o by_o some_o reject_v from_o the_o value_n of_o metal_n 42._o though_o in_o time_n past_a the_o native_a be_v in_o much_o use_n and_o more_o noble_a by_o far_a then_o brass_n as_o pliny_n witness_v l._n 34._o c._n 2._o the_o commentary_n a_o the_o name_n metal_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v to_o search_v because_o it_o be_v seek_v for_o with_o much_o pain_n and_o cost_n in_o the_o vein_n and_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n pliny_n adjudge_v it_o to_o be_v derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v near_o another_o because_o where_o one_o vein_n be_v find_v of_o metal_n not_o far_o from_o thence_o another_o be_v find_v for_o they_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o sympathy_n with_o they_o as_o gold_n and_o silver_n brass_n and_o iron_n other_o be_v call_v mineral_n which_o be_v generate_v in_o the_o vein_n pore_n and_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n those_o be_v call_v fossiles_n which_o be_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n fossiles_n be_v separate_v and_o distinguish_v from_o metal_n by_o aristotle_n 3_o met._n ch_n 7._o because_o fossiles_n be_v cast_v up_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n only_o by_o dig_v need_v no_o other_o art_n or_o further_a labour_n for_o their_o discovery_n but_o metal_n be_v much_o boil_a and_o separate_v by_o the_o fire_n and_o purge_v several_a way_n as_o need_n require_v now_o the_o definition_n of_o metal_n deliver_v do_v consist_v of_o a_o genus_fw-la and_o difference_n the_o genus_fw-la be_v a_o body_n because_o a_o metal_n do_v receive_v three_o dimension_n the_o difference_n contain_v four_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v call_v a_o body_n perfect_o mix_v to_o the_o difference_n of_o meteor_n for_o there_o be_v not_o so_o light_a a_o concourse_n of_o element_n in_o metal_n as_o in_o meteor_n in_o the_o second_o place_n it_o be_v call_v inanimate_a to_o difference_n it_o from_o animate_v as_o be_v plant_n and_o animal_n whence_o brighthus_fw-la do_v right_a comment_n in_o scribonius_n who_o define_v metallick-body_n imperfect_o to_o be_v call_v animate_v if_o they_o have_v a_o soul_n they_o must_v have_v it_o perfect_o because_o the_o soul_n do_v not_o receive_v more_o or_o less_o of_o quantity_n but_o be_v the_o very_a perfection_n and_o absolution_n of_o a_o thing_n the_o opinion_n therefore_o of_o cardan_n be_v to_o be_v reprove_v who_o assert_n all_o metal_n to_o be_v perfect_a animate_v but_o see_v they_o produce_v no_o vital_a action_n they_o can_v have_v a_o soul_n attribute_v unto_o they_o in_o the_o three_o place_n the_o matter_n of_o metal_n be_v credit_v to_o be_v sulphur_n and_o quicksilver_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o father_n and_o mother_n of_o metal_n which_o two_o be_v mingle_v various_o and_o from_o the_o mixtion_n of_o these_o two_o be_v all_o metal_n immediate_o procreate_v but_o cardan_n resist_v this_o opinion_n who_o deny_v that_o metal_n do_v consist_v of_o sulphur_n and_o quicksilver_n and_o that_o upon_o this_o account_n because_o by_o the_o act_n of_o two_o existent_n a_o three_o can_v be_v make_v scaliger_n answer_v exer._n 106._o sect_n 6._o that_o it_o be_v the_o property_n of_o thing_n mingle_v that_o by_o the_o act_n of_o many_o existent_n a_o three_o to_o be_v make_v and_o cardan_n himself_o do_v affirm_v that_o copper_n do_v consist_v of_o tinn_n and_o brass_n which_o be_v two_o in_o one_o existent_a act_n aristotle_n follow_v plato_n in_o timaeus_n do_v demonstrate_v of_o a_o double_a vapour_n do_v lie_v hide_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o one_o dry_a that_o be_v more_o terrene_a than_o watery_a the_o other_o humid_a and_o glutinous_a that_o be_v more_o watery_a than_o terrene_a from_o the_o former_a he_o think_v hard_a fossiles_n as_o stone_n to_o grow_v and_o from_o the_o latter_a that_o which_o be_v proper_o call_v metal_n but_o this_o controversy_n may_v easy_o be_v reconcile_v if_o we_o say_v that_o these_o vapour_n or_o habit_n be_v the_o more_o remote_a matter_n of_o metal_n but_o the_o proximate_n and_o proper_a to_o to_o be_v sulphur_n and_o quicksilver_n but_o let_v it_o seem_v strange_a to_o none_o why_o such_o hard_a body_n as_o metal_n be_v shall_v be_v generate_v of_o vapour_n for_o this_o vapour_n be_v crass_n and_o fumid_a whence_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o those_o pit_n and_o mine_n where_o metal_n be_v dig_v that_o many_o be_v suffocate_v and_o kill_v by_o those_o vapour_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o those_o who_o be_v daily_a laborerâ—…_n therein_o be_v â—…oxious_a to_o various_a disease_n and_o catarrh_n but_o i_o say_v that_o the_o matter_n of_o metal_n be_v not_o simple_o a_o vapour_n or_o waterish_a humour_n but_o that_o which_o be_v more_o watery_a than_o earthy_a for_o the_o watery_a vapour_n simple_o can_v be_v the_o matter_n of_o metal_n for_o how_o shall_v they_o then_o cohere_v or_o how_o come_v metal_n so_o solid_a hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o have_v certain_a mix_a part_n of_o that_o and_o slimy_a earth_n yet_o notwithstanding_o they_o obtain_v more_o of_o water_n then_o of_o earth_n because_o they_o may_v be_v pour_v out_o &_o melt_v which_o can_v never_o be_v do_v without_o there_o be_v some_o inward_a moisture_n for_o it_o be_v the_o faculty_n of_o a_o humour_n to_o soften_v &_o therefore_o those_o of_o they_o that_o have_v most_o humidity_n as_o gold_n silver_n etc._n etc._n be_v the_o soon_o pour_v out_o and_o melt_v but_o such_o as_o have_v but_o little_a humour_n as_o iron_n and_o brass_n be_v hard_a to_o be_v melt_v but_o it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o definition_n that_o metal_n be_v beget_v as_o by_o sperme_n of_o sulphur_n and_o quicksilver_n mix_v and_o temper_v in_o which_o word_n the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v include_v which_o be_v two_o heatt_z and_o cold_a heat_v indeed_o do_v precede_v cold_a follow_v the_o generation_n of_o metal_n for_o heat_n whether_o celestial_a or_o elementary_a do_v mingle_v digest_v temper_n and_o concoct_v all_o the_o portion_n of_o the_o matter_n which_o mass_n so_o temper_v be_v rude_o prepare_v for_o this_o or_o that_o kind_n of_o metal_n and_o so_o grow_v and_o condense_n with_o cold_a for_o because_o all_o metal_n be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o force_n of_o heat_n than_o it_o remain_v that_o they_o must_v be_v concrete_v by_o cold_a so_o that_o it_o be_v needful_a that_o one_o contrary_a be_v the_o cause_n of_o another_o what_o be_v more_o clear_a to_o sense_n then_o that_o which_o be_v soluble_a by_o heat_n must_v needs_o condense_a by_o cold_a for_o if_o gold_n silver_n or_o lead_v be_v melt_v and_o remove_v from_o the_o fire_n they_o present_o come_v into_o their_o pristine_a form_n for_o cold_a be_v the_o privation_n of_o heat_n and_o according_a to_o the_o various_a preparation_n of_o that_o mixtion_n divers_a kind_n of_o metal_n be_v get_v of_o the_o same_o mass_n for_o by_o how_o much_o more_o subtle_a and_o defaecate_a the_o matter_n be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o noble_a and_o pure_a the_o metal_n will_v be_v in_o brief_a all_o heat_n and_o splendour_n and_o all_o the_o excellency_n of_o metal_n do_v depend_v upon_o a_o decent_a and_o legitimate_a mixtion_n and_o temperation_n of_o the_o matter_n unto_o which_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n the_o soil_n of_o the_o place_n do_v much_o profit_n for_o the_o various_a influence_n and_o efficacy_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n as_o in_o other_o thing_n so_o in_o the_o procreation_n of_o metal_n be_v of_o great_a moment_n and_o hence_o it_o happen_v that_o all_o sort_n of_o earth_n will_v not_o bear_v metal_n although_o the_o matter_n of_o it_o be_v contain_v within_o it_o so_o we_o see_v also_o in_o such_o region_n as_o be_v too_o dry_a as_o africa_n that_o metal_n will_v not_o easy_o be_v generate_v because_o the_o matter_n to_o wit_n the_o moist_a vapour_n do_v not_o abound_v there_o nor_o in_o region_n too_o cold_a will_v gold_n or_o silver_n be_v find_v but_o in_o place_n only_o moist_a four_o in_o the_o definition_n the_o vein_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o subject_n of_o metal_n for_o these_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o mother_n of_o these_o body_n but_o sometime_o they_o be_v find_v in_o stone_n and_o that_o rather_o upon_o mountain_n than_o plain_n in_o high_a place_n rather_o than_o grove_n for_o according_a to_o their_o solidity_n they_o do_v retain_v their_o colour_n better_o which_o in_o plains_n be_v soon_o dissipate_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o softness_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v for_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o definition_n b_o it_o be_v call_v quick_a metaphorical_o because_o it_o always_o move_v and_o it_o be_v call_v mercury_n because_o as_o mercury_n be_v join_v to_o all_o the_o planet_n so_o this_o to_o all_o metal_n or_o as_o mercury_n turn_v round_o so_o be_v
water_n but_o the_o rather_o more_o inflame_v by_o it_o 32._o that_o be_v call_v petreolum_n which_o flow_v from_o rock_n and_o sometime_o naptha_n petra_n 33._o amber_n be_v fragrant_a bitumen_n and_o keep_v among_o the_o rich_a merchandise_n and_o it_o be_v get_v about_o arabia_n 34._o vitriol_n be_v a_o concrete_v juice_n look_v like_o the_o clearness_n of_o glass_n it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o latin_n atramentum_fw-la sutorium_fw-la and_o sometime_o chalchanthum_fw-la 35._o the_o native_a be_v find_v concrete_v in_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o cleft_n of_o the_o rock_n and_o from_o thence_o do_v distil_v by_o drop_n part_v thereof_o hang_v like_o freeze_a ice_n and_o part_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o channel_n 36._o furthermore_o juice_n which_o can_v be_v melt_v yet_o not_o indurate_v into_o stone_n be_v auripigmentum_n sandarach_n chalk_n gypsum_fw-la lime_n ochre_n argil_n seal_v earth_n armenian_a earth_n 37._o auripigmentum_fw-la or_o arsenic_n be_v b_o a_o concrete_v juice_n of_o a_o yellowish_a colour_n flourish_v picture_n with_o a_o golden_a colour_n be_v hot_a and_o dry_a in_o the_o four_o degree_n and_o a_o present_a poison_n 38._o sandarach_n be_v a_o red_a earth_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o cinabaris_n yet_o something_o incline_v to_o a_o yellow_a much_o of_o it_o be_v get_v in_o the_o vein_n of_o metal_n with_o auripigmentum_n smell_v strong_a of_o sulphur_n 39_o lime_n be_v a_o dry_a earth_n coct_v to_o a_o stone_n which_o after_o it_o be_v burn_v be_v inflame_v with_o water_n and_o extinguish_v with_o oil_n it_o be_v call_v viva_n or_o living_n because_o it_o contain_v fire_n hide_v within_o it_o 40._o gypsum_fw-la be_v a_o shine_a earth_n gentle_a and_o light_n akin_a to_o lime_n but_o not_o so_o dry_a nor_o hot_a which_o be_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o factitious_a be_v make_v of_o a_o certain_a stone_n and_o so_o place_v in_o wall_n for_o the_o ornament_n of_o house_n 41._o chalk_n be_v a_o tender_a earth_n and_o white_a plentiful_a in_o the_o island_n of_o crete_n 42._o ocher_n be_v a_o light_n and_o yellowish_a earth_n which_o when_o it_o be_v burn_v be_v red_a 43._o argil_n be_v a_o fat_a and_o soft_a earth_n of_o which_o figuline_a vessel_n be_v make_v 44._o seal_v and_o lemnian_a earth_n be_v a_o portion_n of_o earth_n that_o be_v very_o red_a dig_v out_o of_o the_o island_n lemnos_n and_o seal_v with_o the_o seal_n of_o diana_n high_a priest_n it_o be_v also_o dig_v daily_o in_o silesia_n and_o hassia_n it_o resist_v poison_v 45._o the_o armenian_a be_v a_o portion_n of_o earth_n dig_v out_o in_o armenia_n dry_v by_o nature_n and_o of_o a_o pale_a colour_n the_o commentary_n a_o salt_v be_v derive_v a_o saliendo_fw-la from_o leap_v because_o it_o leap_v in_o the_o fire_n some_o judge_n it_o to_o be_v call_v salt_n from_o the_o sun_n because_o it_o be_v get_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n of_o sea-water_n the_o spume_n thereof_o leave_v upon_o the_o shore_n by_o the_o sun_n be_v concrete_v into_o salt_n the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o salt_n be_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o star_n which_o draw_v the_o sweet_a and_o tender_a part_n out_o of_o the_o saltish_a matter_n leave_v the_o terrene_a which_o be_v boil_a make_v a_o saltish_a substance_n two_o thing_n be_v require_v to_o a_o salt_n sapour_fw-la the_o dry_a and_o terrene_a part_n and_o their_o adustion_n of_o the_o first_o be_v make_v a_o sapour_fw-la of_o the_o latter_a a_o salt_n sapour_fw-la erroneous_a therefore_o be_v that_o opinion_n which_o judge_v salt_n to_o concrete_a as_o ice_n of_o cold_a for_o if_o salt_n do_v concrete_a of_o â—…old_n it_o be_v dissolve_v with_o heat_n because_o it_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n with_o naturalist_n every_o thing_n to_o be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o contrary_a wherewith_o it_o be_v congeal_v but_o salt_n be_v dissolve_v with_o nothing_o less_o than_o with_o heat_n for_o that_o harden_v it_o and_o dry_v it_o more_o but_o it_o be_v quick_o dissolve_v with_o water_n therefore_o it_o be_v not_o constringe_v of_o cold_a the_o matter_n be_v a_o terrene_a juice_n adust_a and_o dry_v with_o heat_n the_o form_n be_v dry_v vapour_n with_o concoct_v water_n the_o end_n and_o use_v of_o salt_n be_v various_a in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o life_n whence_o it_o be_v right_o say_v that_o nothing_o be_v more_o profitable_a than_o salt_n and_o the_o sun_n and_o old_a homer_n call_v salt_n divine_a because_o â—…t_o be_v accommodate_v to_o various_a â—…ses_n salt_n hinder_v putrefaction_n and_o â—…akes_v away_o superfluous_a humidity_n â—…n_v our_o body_n without_o salt_n a_o perfect_a concoction_n can_v be_v make_v beside_o it_o be_v of_o frequent_a use_n in_o the_o cure_n of_o wound_n b_o auripigmentum_n be_v double_a native_a and_o factitious_a that_o which_o be_v like_a to_o ackorn_n erupt_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n from_o metal_n this_o again_o be_v double_a the_o one_o be_v make_v of_o arsenic_n and_o natural_a salt_n of_o equal_a part_n mix_v and_o burn_v in_o a_o crucible_n till_o the_o vapour_n appear_v like_o crystal_n hence_o it_o be_v call_v crystalline_a arsenic_n the_o other_o be_v make_v of_o natural_a arsenic_n and_o sulphur_n mix_v together_o and_o combustible_a both_o of_o they_o be_v dry_a and_o hot_a in_o the_o four_o degree_n and_o a_o present_a poison_n chap._n 4._o of_o the_o nature_n of_o plant_n in_o general_n and_o of_o their_o corruption_n 1._o hitherto_o we_o have_v spokeâ—…_n of_o a_o inanimate_a body_n perfect_o mix_v now_o we_o proceed_v to_o animate_v body_n which_o be_v perfect_o mix_v endow_v with_o soul_n and_o life_n 2._o there_o be_v two_o part_n in_o the_o life_n of_o a_o furnish_a body_n the_o external_a body_n and_o the_o soul_n which_o subminister_v life_n of_o the_o former_a we_o have_v speak_v before_o of_o the_o latter_a we_o shall_v now_o 3._o an_fw-mi animate_v body_n be_v expert_a of_o sense_n or_o sensitive_a 4._o a_o plant_n be_v a_o body_n expert_a in_o sense_n which_o be_v also_o call_v stirps_fw-la a_o which_o be_v a_o body_n perfect_o mix_v endow_v with_o a_o vigent_fw-la soul_n which_o do_v grow_v live_v wax_v green_a be_v nourish_v and_o increase_v from_o the_o earth_n 5._o for_o when_o plant_n be_v nourish_v and_o increase_v and_o bear_v flower_n and_o fruit_n it_o proceed_v from_o the_o soul_n and_o they_o be_v the_o work_n of_o animate_v body_n neither_o can_v they_o be_v without_o this_o soul_n 6._o therefore_o reject_v be_v that_o opinion_n of_o the_o philosopher_n which_o call_v that_o the_o form_n which_o vivificate_v plant_n and_o that_o their_o nature_n which_o indeed_o be_v the_o soul._n 7._o and_o also_o erroneous_a be_v that_o opinion_n which_o maintan_n plant_n to_o be_v animal_n endow_v with_o sense_n which_o scaliger_n refute_v exer._n 138._o 8._o for_o they_o be_v not_o accommodate_v with_o organ_n which_o be_v requisite_a to_o sensitive_a faculty_n neither_o can_v the_o action_n of_o any_o such_o faculty_n be_v apprehend_v in_o plant_n for_o which_o of_o they_o can_v see_v hear_v smell_v taste_n or_o feel_v arist._n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr planc_fw-fr c._n 1._o 9_o we_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o some_o sense_n be_v resident_a in_o plant_n in_o attract_v to_o they_o what_o be_v profitable_a and_o shun_v what_o be_v unprofitable_a but_o then_o the_o question_n will_v be_v how_o can_v plant_n which_o be_v always_o fix_v in_o a_o place_n proper_o be_v say_v to_o draw_v what_o be_v profitable_a and_o shun_v what_o be_v incommodious_a 10._o the_o vegetable_a soul_n alonâ—…_n that_o be_v within_o the_o plant_n be_v use_v as_o a_o instrument_n to_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n by_o heat_n both_o native_a and_o adventitious_a lawful_o temperate_v which_o the_o plant_n draw_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n where_o they_o be_v fix_v by_o the_o root_n 11._o that_o heat_n adhere_v in_o the_o moist_a matter_n it_o attract_v as_o convenient_a to_o its_o nature_n and_o so_o alter_v and_o convert_v it_o into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o plant._n 12._o hence_o there_o be_v two_o vital_a principle_n in_o every_o plant_n heat_n and_o humour_n the_o want_n whereof_o as_o it_o be_v death_n to_o animal_n so_o it_o be_v a_o corruption_n and_o decay_v to_o plant_n 13._o corruption_n do_v either_o infest_a part_n of_o the_o plant_n or_o the_o whole_a 14._o a_o total_a corruption_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o preternatural_a 15._o the_o natural_a be_v make_v when_o plant_n be_v render_v more_o dry_a for_o their_o internal_a heat_n and_o their_o moisture_n decay_v by_o progress_n of_o time_n 16._o some_o be_v corrupt_v soon_o other_o late_a and_o so_o according_o they_o live_v long_o or_o short_a 17._o the_o cause_n of_o which_o variety_n be_v especial_o the_o form_n yet_o sometime_o it_o happen_v from_o the_o gluishâ—…ess_n of_o the_o humour_n and_o
the_o plenty_n thereof_o whereby_o the_o 〈◊〉_d heat_n the_o instrument_n of_o form_n be_v nourish_v together_o with_o the_o firmness_n and_o solidity_n of_o the_o whole_a plant._n 18._o for_o such_o grow_v a_o long_a time_n as_o first_o have_v much_o soft_a and_o gentle_a humidity_n in_o they_o second_o a_o solid_a substance_n three_o their_o root_n long_o and_o thick_a four_o those_z that_o be_v barren_a and_o fruitless_a five_o such_o as_o grow_v in_o a_o dry_a place_n 19_o on_o the_o contrary_a part_n those_o plant_n be_v short_a live_v and_o soon_o perish_v by_o natural_a corruption_n as_o have_v not_o the_o contrary_n to_o the_o former_a 20._o preternatural_a or_o violent_a â—…ruption_n happen_v either_o by_o â—…tinction_n or_o â—…nt_v of_o nourishâ—…_n 21._o corruption_n happen_v 〈◊〉_d extinction_n be_v when_o the_o plant_n perish_v by_o too_o much_o cold_a 22._o when_o cold_a 〈◊〉_d goâ—…_n to_o the_o bottom_n it_o hinder_v 〈◊〉_d warm_a vapour_n or_o heat_n from_o come_v to_o the_o root_n and_o at_o length_n cause_v the_o whole_a to_o perish_v 23._o this_o corruption_n do_v not_o happen_v but_o when_o a_o extreme_a cold_a come_v and_o invade_v the_o root_n denude_v of_o earth_n 24._o corruption_n happen_v from_o want_n of_o nourishment_n and_o that_o by_o heat_n by_o which_o the_o plant_n be_v as_o it_o be_v scorch_v the_o humidity_n thereof_o be_v c_z exhaust_v by_o the_o vehemency_n of_o heat_n 25._o and_o there_o be_v two_o season_n especial_o wherein_o plant_n be_v expose_v to_o this_o injury_n the_o one_o when_o they_o begin_v to_o bud_v because_o than_o they_o be_v more_o laxi_fw-la the_o other_o when_o they_o bear_v fruit_n when_o their_o juice_n be_v exhaust_v and_o make_v weak_a 26._o that_o be_v call_v partial_a corruption_n or_o sideration_n when_o the_o native_a heat_n of_o any_o part_n be_v extinguish_v either_o by_o cold_a or_o heat_n or_o with_o a_o wound_n mortification_n of_o that_o part_n follow_v 27._o furthermore_o some_o kind_n of_o plant_n grow_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n and_o some_o be_v propagate_v by_o the_o art_n and_o industry_n of_o man_n 28._o such_o arise_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n of_o seed_n as_o be_v either_o manifest_a or_o obscure_a 29._o those_o that_o grow_v of_o manifest_a seed_n have_v but_o one_o manner_n of_o rise_v as_o in_o all_o herbareous_a plant_n that_o be_v sow_v of_o seed_n and_o other_o be_v propagate_v divers_a manner_n of_o way_n 30._o from_o manifest_a seed_n after_o this_o manner_n seed_n fall_v into_o the_o moist_a earth_n be_v thereby_o soften_v and_o be_v cherish_v both_o with_o natural_a and_o celestial_a heat_n and_o so_o swell_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o plenty_n of_o humour_n flow_v into_o they_o from_o the_o earth_n it_o break_v and_o out_o of_o that_o part_n which_o be_v break_v a_o certain_a soft_a and_o tender_a sprout_n do_v grow_v &_o by_o so_o little_a become_v more_o firm_a and_o crass_a one_o part_n whereof_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o airy_a nature_n ascend_v up_o the_o other_o which_o be_v terrestrial_a and_o crass_a reside_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o there_o coaâ—…esces_fw-la 31._o so_o then_o plant_n arise_v â—…rom_o seed_n be_v cherish_v by_o the_o humour_n of_o the_o earth_n decoct_v â—…y_a heat_n and_o attract_v by_o their_o â—…nternal_a nature_n 32._o but_o the_o time_n of_o sprout_v of_o plant_n be_v not_o one_o and_o the_o same_o d_o for_o some_o do_v begin_v to_o grow_v within_o three_o day_n as_o the_o bafil_n and_o rape_n some_o on_o the_o four_o day_n as_o lettuce_n some_o on_o the_o five_o as_o the_o gourd_n some_o on_o the_o six_o as_o beet_n some_o on_o the_o eight_o as_o arach_n some_o on_o the_o ten_o as_o colwort_n leek_n in_o twenty_o day_n smallidg_n forty_o or_o fifty_o last_o of_o all_o pyony_n and_o mandrake_n â—…rce_o in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o whole_a year_n 33._o the_o cause_n of_o this_o diversity_n of_o sprouting_n be_v these_o first_o 〈◊〉_d strength_n of_o form_n second_o the_o strength_n or_o weakness_n of_o their_o inward_a heat_n three_o the_o variety_n or_o density_n fatness_n or_o hardness_n of_o the_o seed_n for_o in_o hard_a and_o dense_a body_n the_o humour_n can_v be_v illicit_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n so_o ready_o whereby_o seed_n must_v swell_v before_o it_o erupt_v 34._o certain_a plant_n e_z according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o theophrastus_n be_v say_v to_o grow_v without_o evident_a or_o manifest_a seed_n and_o he_o declare_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v a_o certain_a permistion_n of_o earth_n and_o putrefy_a water_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v preserve_v both_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o matter_n render_v a_o fit_a generation_n of_o spontaneous_a plant_n 35._o this_o opinion_n be_v probable_a enough_o for_o as_o a_o strange_a heat_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o putretude_n so_o also_o into_o thing_n of_o new_a form_n which_o be_v putrefy_a and_o he_o make_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n to_o be_v a_o beneficial_a induction_n therâ—…_n 36._o but_o beside_o these_o the_o air_n and_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o sprouting_n of_o such_o plant_n as_o grow_v spontaneous_o if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o according_a to_o the_o various_a station_n of_o first_o and_o second_o quality_n in_o substance_n various_a mutation_n and_o generation_n of_o thing_n may_v be_v make_v 37._o moreover_o a_o plant_n sometime_o be_v produce_v out_o of_o a_o hard_a stone_n which_o happen_v when_o air_n be_v include_v therein_o and_o endeavour_n to_o asâ—…end_v but_o when_o it_o can_v find_v a_o passage_n it_o be_v reflect_v and_o so_o wax_v hot_a by_o its_o agitation_n whereby_o it_o draw_v the_o humour_n of_o the_o stone_n to_o itself_o that_o vapour_n with_o the_o humour_n break_v out_o and_o of_o that_o vapour_n and_o humour_n bring_v out_o of_o the_o stone_n a_o plant_n be_v engender_v by_o the_o concurrent_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n arist._n lib._n 2._o de_fw-la plantis_fw-la c._n 5._o 38._o furthermore_o plant_v be_v various_o propagate_v by_o the_o art_n and_o industry_n of_o man_n by_o set_v of_o root_n or_o engraft_v young_a slip_n 39_o by_o set_v of_o root_n as_o liquorice_n lily_n for_o these_o do_v easy_o attract_v aliment_n and_o so_o live_v 40._o by_o engraft_v or_o plant_v and_o that_o either_o by_o fasten_v they_o in_o the_o earth_n or_o upon_o the_o stock_n of_o a_o tree_n 41._o plant_v or_o fix_v in_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o rose_n willow_n vine_n mulberry_n which_o be_v call_v a_o propagation_n 42._o engraft_a upon_o the_o stock_n of_o a_o tree_n by_o thrust_v a_o slip_n into_o the_o wood_n of_o another_o which_o proper_o indeed_o be_v call_v insition_n as_o a_o appletree_n into_o a_o pear-tree_n 43._o indeed_o most_o plant_n may_v be_v propagate_v all_o these_o way_n as_o olive_n figgs_n and_o cherrytree_n 44._o but_o there_o be_v invent_v other_o manner_n of_o propagation_n more_o artificial_o whereby_o a_o leaf_n dig_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n to_o bud_v in_o a_o new_a stock_n 45._o but_o it_o be_v a_o question_n not_o to_o be_v contemn_v f_o why_o the_o dissect_a part_n of_o plant_n do_v live_v and_o thereby_o propaga_fw-la ed_z when_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o death_n in_o animal_n this_o be_v say_v to_o happen_v because_o plant_n have_v the_o strength_n and_o force_n of_o the_o soul_n engraft_v within_o they_o and_o so_o diffuse_v over_o all_o their_o part_n heat_v also_o which_o be_v a_o individual_a companion_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o moisture_n gentle_a and_o thin_a and_o therefore_o not_o dissipable_a but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o animal_n for_o they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o that_o faculty_n which_o flow_v from_o the_o heart_n 46._o therefore_o part_n of_o a_o bough_n which_o be_v plant_v in_o the_o earth_n do_v preserve_v in_o itself_o heat_n humour_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o by_o that_o attract_a humour_n begin_v to_o swell_v and_o receive_v spirit_n and_o by_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o soul_n it_o detain_v and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o its_o innate_a heat_n it_o distribute_v the_o gross_a part_n of_o the_o humour_n from_o whence_o the_o root_n be_v frame_v and_o the_o thin_a part_n it_o preserve_v which_o cause_v it_o to_o grow_v high_o 47._o the_o same_o manner_n be_v observe_v in_o engraft_v for_o as_o plant_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n as_o out_o of_o a_o womb_n so_o graft_n from_o those_o where_o they_o be_v graft_v do_v preserve_v keep_v and_o attract_v the_o nutriment_n of_o the_o plant_n by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o heat_n and_o by_o a_o continue_a action_n a_o generation_n of_o part_n be_v make_v 48._o but_o aliment_n which_o the_o graft_n draw_v be_v by_o far_o more_o elaborate_a first_o in_o that_o be_v concoct_v before_o in_o the_o mother_n second_o in_o that_o be_v make_v
with_o the_o earth_n where_o seed_n be_v to_o be_v sow_v the_o seed_n will_v soon_o erupt_v not_o only_o excite_v thereunto_o by_o the_o innate_a heat_n of_o the_o seed_n as_o the_o extreme_a calidity_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o seed_n of_o palm_n if_o infuse_v and_o macerate_v in_o water_n before_o its_o sation_n it_o soon_o sprout_n e_z theophrastus_n say_v that_o experience_n teach_v that_o certain_a plant_n do_v grow_v without_o seed_n and_o that_o some_o have_v be_v see_v to_o grow_v in_o the_o earth_n where_o none_o be_v sow_v or_o plant_v before_o he_o instance_n in_o laserpitium_n which_o sometime_o have_v be_v see_v in_o africa_n and_o never_o find_v before_o in_o the_o same_o place_n some_o of_o the_o philosopher_n do_v inquire_v out_o the_o seminal_a cause_n of_o these_o plant_n anaxagoras_n judge_v the_o air_n to_o convey_v the_o seed_n from_o some_o other_o place_n and_o there_o to_o fix_v according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n other_o judge_v it_o to_o happen_v by_o the_o inundation_n and_o conflux_n of_o water_n whereby_o seed_n be_v convey_v from_o some_o place_n to_o other_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n more_o remote_a and_o although_o these_o thing_n be_v not_o speak_v altogether_o foolish_o as_o without_o reason_n yet_o the_o truth_n thereof_o be_v to_o be_v question_v but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o many_o plant_n however_o have_v be_v find_v to_o grow_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n without_o any_o seed_n as_o polypody_n of_o the_o oak_n as_o we_o see_v certain_a little_a animal_n to_o have_v their_o original_n by_o accident_n as_o lice_n worm_n and_o other_o infect_v that_o be_v generate_v by_o accident_n f_o it_o be_v a_o question_n deserve_v solution_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o insected_a part_n of_o plant_n do_v live_v long_o then_o if_o they_o have_v remain_v whole_a nay_o and_o be_v thereby_o propogate_v whereas_o it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o animal_n for_o if_o their_o part_n be_v cut_v they_o perish_v for_o we_o see_v that_o bough_n pluck_v from_o their_o stock_n and_o plant_n pluck_v up_o by_o the_o root_n to_o grow_v and_o be_v thereby_o propagate_v but_o with_o animal_n after_o the_o division_n of_o a_o foot_n ear_n arm_z leg_n or_o their_o part_n forthwith_o they_o die_v i_o answer_v that_o plant_n do_v long_o survive_v after_o their_o section_n if_o again_o plant_v or_o engraft_v because_o they_o have_v the_o force_n of_o the_o soul_n insit_v and_o that_o diffuse_a through_o all_o and_o every_o part_n and_o beside_o they_o have_v scatter_v abroad_o their_o native_a heat_n the_o individual_a companion_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o their_o humidity_n which_o be_v lend_v and_o crass_a and_o therefore_o less_o dissipable_a through_o all_o the_o part_n by_o which_o two_o principle_n they_o live_v and_o undergo_v all_o the_o function_n of_o nature_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o part_n of_o a_o plant_n sejoyn_v from_o its_o stock_n be_v say_v to_o live_v in_o the_o earth_n the_o matrix_fw-la as_o it_o be_v of_o plant_n by_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o soul_n which_o be_v correllative_a in_o the_o whole_a and_o every_o part_n and_o to_o beget_v a_o root_n or_o take_v root_a which_o be_v a_o new_a principle_n from_o the_o humidity_n resident_a and_o attract_a out_o of_o the_o earth_n or_o sprout_v and_o grow_v out_o of_o another_o trunk_n plant_v therein_o by_o insition_n and_o so_o coalesce_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n even_o now_o declare_v for_o as_o long_o as_o plant_n preserve_v that_o humidity_n of_o they_o steadfast_a and_o dense_a so_o long_o be_v they_o capable_a of_o life_n and_o soul_n but_o such_o as_o be_v perfect_a animal_n and_o be_v consequent_o of_o a_o strong_a and_o better_a nature_n do_v not_o only_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o a_o insit_v but_o a_o influent_a faculty_n which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o heart_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o their_o humidity_n be_v not_o so_o steadfast_a viz._n substantial_a but_o more_o thin_a and_o tender_a and_o therefore_o do_v the_o soon_o expire_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o if_o a_o hand_n be_v separare_v from_o the_o body_n all_o the_o life_n therein_o be_v extinguish_v because_o it_o be_v destitute_a of_o a_o influent_a faculty_n from_o the_o heart_n for_o that_o thing_n can_v have_v a_o soul_n unless_o it_o have_v a_o continue_a derivation_n from_o the_o heart_n which_o if_o it_o once_o be_v destitute_a of_o it_o lose_v to_o be_v a_o animate_v be_v chap._n 5._o of_o certain_a affection_n of_o plant_n 1._o hitherto_o we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o rise_n of_o plant_n both_o natural_a and_o artificial_a now_o we_o shall_v proceed_v to_o their_o affection_n or_o corruption_n wherewith_o they_o be_v infest_a their_o affection_n may_v proceed_v either_o from_o their_o native_a soil_n or_o rather_o the_o ground_n where_o plant_v from_o the_o variety_n of_o their_o germination_n fecundity_n and_o propriety_n of_o substance_n or_o from_o their_o quality_n 2._o the_o soil_n or_o rather_o matter_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o plant_n be_v either_o terrestrial_a or_o aquatical_a 3._o terrestrial_a viz._n their_o native_a place_n in_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o either_o in_o garden_n or_o field_n sative_a or_o wild_a 4._o the_o sative_a be_v domestic_a plant_n such_o as_o grow_v in_o garden_n 5._o the_o wild_a be_v such_o as_o grow_v in_o the_o wood_n mountain_n valley_n and_o the_o like_a 6._o aquatical_a such_o as_o grow_v in_o water_n and_o that_o either_o in_o the_o ocean_n or_o lesser_a water_n as_o in_o fountain_n river_n pond_n etc._n etc._n arist._n 7._o again_o some_o plant_n be_v delight_v in_o a_o hot_a place_n some_o in_o a_o cold_a place_n some_o in_o the_o open_a field_n some_o in_o the_o shade_n some_o upon_o rock_n and_o some_o upon_o sandy-ground_n 8._o but_o why_o a_o plant_n shall_v delight_v to_o grow_v in_o such_o variety_n of_o soyl_n be_v not_o easy_o determine_v yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o place_n where_o the_o thing_n be_v site_v be_v the_o conservation_n of_o that_o thing_n and_o indeed_o of_o all_o thing_n sublunar_a therefore_o divers_a plant_n be_v of_o divers_a nature_n and_o according_o do_v attract_v convenient_a aliment_n out_o of_o that_o soil_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n and_o do_v therefore_o rejoice_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o fit_a and_o convenient_a soil_n 9_o furthermore_o notice_n must_v be_v take_v in_o the_o germination_n of_o plant_n the_o time_n when_o they_o germinate_v their_o celerity_n and_o tardity_n 10._o the_o time_n of_o germination_n be_v the_o spring_n when_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o humour_n abound_v which_o be_v gather_v in_o the_o winter-season_n and_o then_o their_o innate_a heat_n be_v excite_v by_o the_o extremity_n of_o external_a heat_n insomuch_o that_o the_o cutis_fw-la of_o plant_n and_o the_o meatus_fw-la of_o the_o universal_a body_n begin_v to_o be_v open_v which_o cause_v the_o juice_n to_o be_v educe_v abroad_o and_o a_o bud_a or_o germination_n to_o be_v make_v 11._o other_o put_v forth_o their_o summer-fruit_n soon_o or_o late_a according_a to_o their_o naure_n which_o happen_v according_a to_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a force_n of_o the_o innate_a heat_n and_o humour_n and_o also_o the_o rarity_n or_o density_n of_o the_o plant_n body_n 12._o sometime_o notwithstanding_o till_v or_o prune_v plant_n do_v bud_v late_a than_o the_o untilled_a first_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o less_o revocation_n of_o the_o inward_a heat_n to_o the_o outward_a part_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o wound_n make_v by_o prune_v second_o either_o from_o the_o debilitation_n or_o weakness_n of_o the_o same_o heat_n or_o the_o denudation_n of_o the_o root_n or_o from_o the_o incrassitude_n of_o the_o humour_n three_o from_o the_o density_n and_o thickness_n of_o the_o plant_n induce_v or_o bring_v into_o the_o root_n by_o the_o force_n of_o nocturnal_a frigidity_n and_o by_o the_o root_n into_o the_o whole_a plant._n 17._o and_o they_o do_v not_o generate_v forthwith_o in_o their_o first_o age_n neither_o do_v animal_n whilst_o young_a and_o tender_a bear_v young_a because_o all_o their_o aliment_n at_o that_o time_n be_v divert_v into_o their_o increment_n second_o their_o force_n be_v more_o weak_a whereby_o it_o can_v concoct_v it_o nor_o condensate_a it_o into_o fruit_n 14_o neither_o do_v all_o plant_n generate_v for_o so_o some_o be_v fruitful_a other_o not_o fruitful_a 15._o the_o cause_n of_o fruitfulness_n be_v refer_v by_o some_o only_a to_o heat_n but_o when_o there_o be_v heat_n without_o matter_n that_o be_v copious_a aliment_n it_o can_v effect_v or_o frame_v nothing_o hot_a and_o succulent_a plant_n be_v only_o fruitful_a 16._o of_o fruitful_a or_o fecundine_a plant_n some_o do_v bear_v fruit_n once_o in_o all_o their_o life_n other_o often_o 17._o those_o that_o bear_v fruit_n often_o be_v such_o as_o fructicate_v annal_o once_o a_o year_n some_o twice_o
in_o air_n by_o inspiration_n and_o they_o continue_v out_o of_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o earth_n or_o at_o least_o receive_v their_o nutriment_n most_o part_n from_o thence_o 11._o and_o they_o be_v either_o such_o as_o go_v or_o creep_v or_o fly_v arist._n 1_o de_fw-fr hist._n an._n c._n 1._o 12._o they_o that_o go_v or_o creep_v be_v such_o as_o move_v on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n 13._o and_o they_o be_v either_o fourfooted_a beast_n or_o creep_a vermin_n 14._o fourfooted_a beast_n be_v those_o that_o go_v upon_o four_o foot_n or_o at_o least_o consist_v of_o four_o such_o part_n as_o man_n have_v two_o arm_n for_o two_o former_a foot_n 15._o there_o be_v a_o diverse_a constitution_n of_o these_o as_o also_o of_o the_o temperament_n of_o man_n for_o in_o dog_n choler_n do_v abound_v in_o hog_n phlegm_n and_o in_o other_o other_o humour_n whence_o their_o temperament_n do_v chief_o depend_v 16._o fourfooted_a beast_n be_v distinguish_v by_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o generation_n in_o oviparas_fw-mi and_o viviparas_fw-mi 17._o those_z are_z oviparae_fw-la which_o bring_v forth_o egg_n or_o breed_v after_o that_o manner_n out_o of_o which_o afterward_o the_o animal_n be_v produce_v as_o frog_n crocodile_n lizard_n salamander_n chameleon_n and_o serpent_n all_o which_o be_v endow_v with_o four_o foot_n 18._o although_o these_o in_o many_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o part_n of_o the_o body_n have_v no_o little_a similitude_n to_o man_n yet_o they_o differ_v much_o nay_o more_o than_o such_o as_o be_v bear_v alive_a call_v viviparae_fw-la for_o neither_o do_v we_o see_v the_o same_o ingenuity_n in_o they_o which_o be_v in_o these_o nor_o altogether_o the_o same_o part_n and_o strength_n of_o body_n 19_o viviparae_fw-la be_v such_o as_o bring_v forth_o perfect_a animal_n 20._o and_o those_o have_v a_o large_a lung_n dense_a and_o carnous_a fill_v with_o blood_n and_o therefore_o they_o breathe_v 21._o the_o young_a also_o d_o be_v nourish_v and_o bring_v almost_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o the_o belly_n of_o their_o dam_n as_o the_o child_n in_o the_o womb_n of_o a_o woman_n 22._o therefore_o erroneous_a be_v that_o opinion_n of_o avicenna_n albertus_n and_o cardan_n himself_o who_o think_v that_o all_o animal_n that_o be_v get_v in_o the_o matrix_fw-la may_v arise_v without_o it_o mere_o of_o putrefaction_n if_o so_o be_v it_o be_v true_a that_o animal_n do_v proceed_v from_o a_o mutual_a copulation_n only_o but_o never_o any_o man_n or_o dog_n do_v ever_o proceed_v from_o putretude_n but_o seed_n scal._n exer._n 193._o 23._o viviparae_fw-la be_v wont_a to_o bring_v forth_o either_o those_o which_o have_v solid_a foot_n as_o a_o horse_n or_o ass_n and_o many_o other_o which_o want_v horn_n so_o likewise_o many_o cornute_a beast_n as_o the_o ox_n hart_n goat_n and_o the_o like_a or_o such_o as_o have_v their_o foot_n divide_v into_o divers_a part_n as_o dog_n ape_n etc._n etc._n 24._o and_o their_o young_a be_v multifarious_a for_o the_o many_o cell_n in_o the_o womb_n where_o the_o seed_n be_v contain_v 25._o creep_v beast_n e_z be_v those_o which_o crawl_v upon_o the_o ground_n and_o they_o be_v either_o serpent_n which_o by_o convolve_v themselves_o do_v move_v or_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o worm_n upon_o the_o earth_n 26._o furthermore_o f_o there_o be_v volatile_a beast_n which_o do_v use_v to_o fly_v much_o in_o the_o air_n and_o they_o be_v otherwise_o call_v bird_n 27._o aereal_a bird_n g_z have_v by_o nature_n two_o foot_n and_o they_o do_v move_v themselves_o above_o the_o earth_n by_o their_o feather_n by_o fly_v 28._o their_o body_n do_v consist_v like_a to_o other_o body_n of_o the_o four_o element_n of_o a_o legitimate_a commixtion_n and_o they_o have_v both_o similar_v and_o dissimilar_v part_n 29._o yet_o they_o want_v reins_o and_o bladder_n whereby_o it_o happen_v that_o they_o never_o urine_n because_o they_o drink_v little_a and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o heat_n and_o dryness_n of_o their_o nature_n which_o convert_v their_o water_n into_o aliment_n 30._o their_o generation_n be_v of_o a_o egg_n and_o chief_o of_o the_o white_a for_o it_o be_v nourish_v by_o the_o yolk_n till_o it_o be_v exclude_v these_o egg_n engender_v and_o do_v receive_v life_n from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o dam_n sit_v upon_o they_o 31._o and_o they_o be_v soon_o hatch_v in_o summer_n then_o in_o winter_n hen_n in_o summer_n usual_o sit_v but_o eighteen_o day_n but_o in_o winter_n twenty_o five_o 32._o and_o unless_o they_o bring_v forth_o they_o labour_v under_o a_o disease_n and_o perish_v arist._n 33._o bird_n h_n be_v distinguish_v by_o their_o meat_n for_o some_o be_v very_o carnous_a because_o as_o they_o feed_v upon_o flesh_n as_o those_o which_o have_v crooked_a claw_n as_o the_o crow_n and_o hawk_n and_o some_o be_v feed_v by_o worm_n other_o by_o herb_n and_o some_o by_o fruit_n 34._o so_o much_o concern_v terrestrial_n now_o concern_v such_o as_o live_v in_o the_o water_n and_o they_o be_v call_v fish_n 35._o fish_n ay_o be_v a_o sanguineous_a animal_n of_o cold_a and_o waterish_a substance_n of_o a_o long_a body_n and_o squamous_a skin_n dive_v in_o the_o water_n 36._o their_o propagation_n be_v much_o by_o seed_n only_o this_o difference_n some_o lay_v egg_n which_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o water_n and_o thereby_o cherish_v other_o bring_v forth_o their_o young_a alive_a as_o the_o whale_n dolphin_n and_o the_o sea-calf_n 37._o in_o the_o time_n of_o copulation_n male_a and_o female_a be_v conversant_a and_o the_o female_a by_o a_o gentle_a touch_n conceive_v egg_n in_o the_o matrix_fw-la but_o they_o be_v not_o perfect_v till_o they_o be_v sprinkle_v with_o the_o seed_n of_o the_o male_a for_o these_o egg_n into_o which_o the_o seed_n be_v eject_v do_v become_v 〈◊〉_d the_o rest_n remain_v barren_a 38._o of_o the_o particular_a part_n of_o fish_n these_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v there_o be_v a_o heart_n in_o most_o of_o they_o but_o inverse_v or_o much_o turn_v in_o contrary_a to_o other_o animal_n whereby_o a_o certain_a passage_n be_v make_v to_o their_o gills_o by_o which_o they_o return_v the_o humour_n which_o they_o receive_v into_o their_o mouth_n 39_o all_o their_o tooth_n be_v serrate_v yet_o some_o have_v tooth_n upon_o their_o tongue_n 40._o their_o tongue_n be_v hard_a and_o almost_o thorny_a and_o so_o 〈◊〉_d to_o the_o roof_n that_o they_o seem_v â—…o_o be_v without_o a_o tongue_n 41._o they_o have_v the_o part_n of_o hear_v and_o smell_v but_o none_o of_o sensuality_n but_o the_o eye_n for_o the_o passage_n be_v broad_a and_o open_a where_o they_o shall_v have_v that_o sense_n there_o be_v eye_n be_v without_o lid_n 42._o they_o want_v lung_n k_o and_o asper_fw-la artery_n therefore_o they_o neither_o have_v a_o voice_n nor_o breath_n 43._o aristotle_n prove_v it_o first_o because_o in_o breathe_v water_n must_v be_v draw_v in_o as_o well_o as_o air_n which_o two_o body_n do_v mutual_o hinder_v themselves_o second_o because_o they_o do_v not_o move_v any_o particle_n of_o the_o belly_n as_o other_o breathe_a creature_n do_v three_o because_o when_o they_o die_v in_o the_o water_n we_o can_v perceive_v any_o bubble_n to_o be_v make_v which_o happen_v when_o there_o be_v any_o animal_n that_o breathe_v suffocate_v in_o the_o water_n four_o because_o if_o it_o be_v so_o other_o animal_n also_o may_v breathe_v in_o the_o water_n which_o experience_n deny_v 44._o but_o some_o ancient_a writer_n and_o neoterick_n philosopher_n defend_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n who_o conclude_v that_o all_o manner_n of_o fish_n do_v breath_n 45._o it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o former_a argument_n only_o that_o we_o part_n from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o peripatetic_n but_o also_o julius_n scaliger_n defend_v it_o 46._o but_o some_o fish_n do_v only_o live_v in_o the_o water_n some_o partly_o on_o the_o water_n and_o some_o partly_o on_o the_o earth_n 47._o those_o that_o dive_v in_o the_o water_n be_v either_o those_o that_o have_v blood_n or_o be_v without_o blood_n 48._o those_o which_o have_v blood_n be_v proper_o call_v pisces_fw-la 49._o and_o those_o be_v great_a small_a middle_a or_o little_a according_a to_o their_o adjunct_n quantity_n 50._o those_o be_v call_v great_a the_o whale_n the_o salmon_n dolphin_n and_o sea-calf_n 51._o those_o that_o be_v of_o the_o middle_a rank_n the_o eel_n pike_n carp_n perch_n stockfish_n tench_n etc._n etc._n 52._o the_o lest_o be_v these_o a_o horseleech_n turdus_n sprat_n etc._n etc._n 53._o those_o that_o be_v call_v exsangues_fw-la be_v such_o as_o be_v without_o blood_n and_o do_v consiâ—…_n in_o its_o stead_n of_o a_o certain_a vital_a humidity_n and_o these_o be_v either_o soft_a or_o hard_o 54._o those_o that_o be_v soft_a albertus_n call_v they_o malachias_n and_o they_o be_v those_o that_o
call_n cogitativam_fw-la and_o aestimativam_fw-la for_o madness_n frenzy_n and_o melancholy_a be_v disease_n that_o can_v hurt_v corporeal_a affection_n by_o themselves_o to_o wit_n simple_o alone_a but_o corporeal_a faculty_n also_o for_o they_o disturb_v the_o mind_n by_o accident_n because_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o that_o very_a house_n or_o situation_n where_o this_o distemper_n reign_v and_o where_o the_o sense_n be_v use_v but_o bruit_n suffer_v madness_n by_o reason_n of_o imagination_n or_o their_o estimative_a faculty_n not_o for_o their_o reason_n or_o understanding_n c_z it_o be_v common_a to_o all_o perfect_a animal_n to_o have_v blood_n and_o therefore_o without_o it_o they_o neither_o can_v be_v account_v perfect_a or_o produce_v any_o vital_a action_n for_o blood_n be_v after_o a_o manner_n another_o soul._n d_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n common_a almost_o to_o the_o universal_a genus_fw-la of_o fourfooted_a beast_n that_o their_o generation_n proceed_v from_o the_o commixtion_n of_o the_o masculine_a with_o the_o feminine_a and_o they_o copulate_v either_o at_o certain_a time_n or_o season_n or_o promiscuous_o at_o any_o time_n and_o whereas_o they_o be_v void_a of_o reason_n especial_o when_o they_o have_v a_o sensual_a appetite_n thereunto_o at_o which_o time_n the_o male_a be_v so_o furious_o inflame_v with_o such_o a_o irresistible_a light_n that_o it_o will_v furious_o assail_v the_o female_a and_o prosecute_v she_o even_o till_o his_o appetite_n be_v satisfy_v as_o we_o see_v often_o verify_v in_o stag_n e_z all_o serpent_n be_v refer_v to_o fourfooted_a beast_n because_o they_o have_v blood_n flesh_n nerve_n and_o other_o internal_a bowel_n of_o that_o nature_n with_o they_o although_o not_o so_o perfect_a and_o also_o dissimilar_v from_o the_o member_n of_o those_o animal_n this_o animal_n be_v crafty_a and_o wise_a in_o the_o preservation_n of_o its_o life_n in_o seek_v out_o a_o den_n to_o lurk_v in_o and_o food_n to_o live_v on_o f_o volatiles_fw-la do_v consist_v of_o all_o the_o element_n but_o chief_o of_o water_n which_o we_o may_v read_v and_o prove_v by_o sacred_a writ_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o water_n bring_v forth_o both_o creep_a thing_n on_o the_o earth_n and_o fly_a thing_n in_o the_o air_n where_o a_o question_n will_v arise_v why_o god_n produce_v fly_v thing_n out_o of_o the_o water_n rather_o than_o the_o earth_n because_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o do_v reside_v upon_o the_o earth_n for_o upon_o the_o earth_n they_o feed_v sleep_n pull_v off_o their_o feather_n and_o altogether_o haunt_v the_o earth_n and_o not_o the_o water_n because_o according_a to_o aristotle_n we_o be_v nourish_v by_o those_o thing_n of_o which_o we_o consist_v bird_n consist_v of_o earth_n rather_o than_o water_n therefore_o etc._n etc._n this_o argue_v that_o their_o substance_n be_v hard_a and_o dense_a which_o must_v needs_o differ_v much_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o water_n but_o little_a from_o earth_n but_o for_o the_o further_a solution_n we_o must_v know_v that_o there_o be_v no_o animal_n get_v or_o procreate_v in_o the_o fire_n or_o air_n but_o in_o the_o water_n and_o on_o the_o earth_n all_o body_n be_v procreate_v and_o that_o of_o the_o commixtion_n of_o siccity_n with_o humidity_n but_o of_o the_o two_o other_o element_n they_o receive_v light_a temperament_n and_o virtue_n therefore_o because_o bird_n be_v wander_a animal_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v frame_v of_o a_o airy_a temperament_n that_o it_o may_v be_v consentaneous_a to_o their_o nature_n now_o bird_n be_v procreate_v from_o the_o water_n which_o come_v near_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o air_n for_o it_o be_v make_v air_n extenuate_v by_o heat_n as_o we_o see_v the_o density_n of_o air_n to_o pass_v into_o water_n and_o therefore_o bird_n be_v produce_v out_o of_o the_o water_n into_o the_o air_n as_o it_o be_v a_o proper_a element_n for_o their_o nature_n g_z when_o in_o the_o definition_n we_o say_v bird_n to_o be_v two-footed_a and_o wing_a this_o aught_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o perfect_a bird_n for_o there_o be_v certain_a bird_n find_v without_o foot_n call_v apodes_n and_o also_o without_o feather_n of_o which_o see_v scaliger_n and_o it_o be_v call_v a_o bird_n from_o avia_fw-la because_o it_o cut_v a_o uncertain_a flight_n in_o the_o air_n for_o there_o be_v three_o thing_n uncertain_a and_o past_o find_v out_o the_o way_n of_o a_o ship_n in_o the_o sea_n the_o way_n of_o a_o bird_n in_o the_o air_n and_o the_o way_n of_o a_o youngman_n on_o earth_n h_n other_o division_n there_o be_v of_o bird_n of_o which_o see_v scaliger_n exer._n 227._o and_o of_o the_o species_n of_o bird_n see_v freigeus_fw-la his_o physics_n ay_o by_o fish_n i_o general_o understand_v all_o water-animal_n that_o swim_v in_o water_n and_o all_o these_o be_v produce_v of_o the_o water_n which_o their_o nature_n do_v demonstrate_v for_o if_o they_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n they_o die_v and_o perish_v because_o they_o be_v rob_v of_o their_o proper_a nature_n or_o womb_n but_o in_o water_n they_o grow_v and_o be_v nourish_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o similitude_n and_o cogination_n of_o their_o nature_n with_o the_o place_n which_o be_v cold_a and_o moist_a but_o how_o can_v fish_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v constitute_v of_o a_o 〈◊〉_d matter_n and_o a_o mix_a body_n be_v produce_v from_o water_n alone_o one_o simple_a element_n and_o fluid_a i_o answer_v first_o the_o concretion_n of_o water_n in_o the_o produce_v of_o 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v do_v forthwith_o by_o the_o voice_n and_o command_v of_o god_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v so_o constrict_v and_o firm_o coagulate_v that_o the_o body_n of_o fish_n be_v solid_a and_o well_o compact_v again_o we_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o other_o element_n concur_v to_o this_o aquatical_a constitution_n but_o water_n have_v the_o dominion_n who_o nature_n fish_n emulate_v because_o they_o be_v cold_a and_o moist_a where_o notwithstanding_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o this_o same_o watery_a constitution_n do_v participate_v of_o heat_n and_o moisture_n in_o which_o the_o vital_a faculty_n or_o life_n do_v consist_v k_o it_o be_v a_o old_a toss_a question_n whether_o fish_n that_o want_v a_o lung_n breathe_v aristotle_n deny_v it_o but_o plato_n and_o all_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n affirm_v it_o and_o these_o be_v their_o reason_n first_o what_o animal_n soever_o have_v not_o the_o organ_n of_o respiration_n so_o call_v can_v breathe_v but_o fish_n have_v neither_o lung_n nor_o artery_n which_o be_v the_o organ_n of_o respiration_n in_o all_o other_o animal_n therefore_o fish_n breathe_v not_o second_o if_o fish_n do_v breath_n it_o must_v either_o be_v by_o the_o mouth_n or_o fin_n and_o then_o they_o both_o receive_v and_o let_v out_o the_o spirit_n together_o but_o this_o can_v be_v because_o these_o motion_n be_v contrary_a in_o themselves_o and_o contrary_n can_v act_v together_o in_o the_o same_o therefore_o fish_n do_v not_o breath_n three_o if_o fish_n that_o be_v destitute_a of_o attractive_a artery_n and_o lung_n breath_n than_o they_o must_v breathe_v by_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o belly_n but_o this_o be_v absurd_a therefore_o the_o consequence_n false_a the_o reason_n of_o the_o minor_a be_v that_o if_o the_o belly_n of_o fish_n do_v attract_v air_n than_o it_o will_v do_v so_o in_o other_o animal_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o therefore_o etc._n etc._n four_o in_o all_o those_o animal_n that_o inspire_v and_o exspire_v some_o part_n of_o their_o body_n may_v be_v discern_v to_o move_v as_o in_o man_n when_o he_o breathe_v the_o breast_n be_v lift_v up_o if_o he_o exspire_v it_o be_v press_v down_o but_o in_o fish_n there_o be_v no_o such_o motion_n to_o be_v see_v therefore_o they_o breathe_v not_o five_o when_o any_o breathe_a creature_n be_v suffocate_v in_o the_o water_n certain_a bubble_n will_v arise_v if_o they_o be_v there_o detain_v till_o suffocation_n but_o if_o fish_n be_v never_o so_o long_o detain_v they_o cause_v no_o bubble_n therefore_o they_o breathe_v not_o neither_o do_v they_o receive_v any_o extrinsical_a air_n sixthly_a if_o fish_n do_v breath_n under_o the_o water_n it_o will_v follow_v then_o that_o man_n and_o other_o animal_n may_v breathe_v also_o but_o the_o consequence_n be_v false_a therefore_o the_o antecedent_n seven_o if_o fish_n do_v breath_n in_o the_o water_n than_o it_o be_v so_o that_o they_o may_v attract_v air_n which_o they_o must_v do_v also_o without_o the_o water_n but_o they_o do_v not_o breathe_v out_o of_o the_o water_n nor_o attract_v air_n ergo_fw-la etc._n etc._n if_o all_o animal_n do_v breath_n then_o infect_v also_o shall_v breathe_v which_o be_v animal_n but_o they_o breathe_v not_o ergo_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o assumption_n be_v confirm_v for_o those_o animal_n that_o breath_n do_v breath_n whilst_o they_o live_v and_o when_o
this_o movable_a but_o why_o do_v quicksilver_n like_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o powder_n or_o dust_n and_o also_o upon_o a_o dry_a substance_n be_v globular_a and_o round_a the_o question_n be_v subtle_a and_o difficult_a cardan_n render_v this_o reason_n what_o thing_n be_v dry_a do_v fly_v from_o touch_v or_o mix_v with_o their_o contrary_n and_o therefore_o in_o hatred_n thereof_o be_v compel_v into_o a_o globular_a form_n this_o opinion_n be_v refute_v by_o scaliger_n exer._n 105._o 1._o this_o happen_v not_o in_o a_o dry_a substance_n only_o but_o in_o water_n which_o be_v moist_a 2._o that_o it_o will_v gather_v itself_o in_o the_o dust_n of_o lead_n and_o not_o fly_v from_o it_o because_o lead_n be_v like_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o quicksilver_n and_o therefore_o it_o do_v not_o fly_v from_o its_o nature_n but_o rather_o desire_v it_o 3._o a_o drop_n of_o water_n when_o it_o fall_v in_o the_o air_n be_v globular_a and_o round_a but_o do_v not_o refuse_v the_o air_n which_o be_v moist_a therefore_o the_o flight_n from_o dryness_n will_v not_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o its_o globular_a form_n if_o it_o be_v the_o same_o in_o moistness_n but_o the_o true_a reason_n be_v take_v from_o the_o material_a cause_n to_o wit_n quicksilver_n for_o its_o exquisite_a mixture_n of_o moist_a and_o dry_a to_o be_v force_v into_o one_o and_o conglobulate_v for_o pure_a water_n alone_o can_v be_v convolve_v into_o a_o globular_a form_n but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n of_o earth_n exquisite_o mix_v with_o water_n than_o indeed_o it_o will_v be_v globular_a as_o we_o see_v in_o drop_n fall_v upon_o dust_n with_o which_o assoon_o as_o any_o dust_n be_v mingle_v it_o become_v round_o for_o from_o dryness_n it_o receive_v a_o certain_a firmness_n to_o cause_v that_o roundness_n from_o which_o example_n the_o substanâ—…e_n of_o quicksilver_n may_v be_v easy_o understand_v because_o it_o have_v the_o same_o form_n way_n or_o station_n in_o nature_n as_o water_v gather_v in_o dust_n therefore_o quicksilver_n according_a to_o the_o definition_n of_o scaliger_n be_v nothing_o else_o then_o a_o watery_a earth_n or_o earthly_a water_n not_o without_o much_o air_n and_o i_o shall_v add_v to_o these_o another_o cause_n of_o conglobulation_n both_o from_o the_o form_n and_o the_o end_n desume_v for_o whatsoever_o they_o be_v they_o be_v always_o one_o but_o unity_n in_o its_o kind_n be_v excellent_o preserve_v in_o a_o globular_a form_n because_o there_o be_v nothing_o different_a nothing_o absent_a no_o inequality_n and_o therefore_o quicksilver_n that_o it_o may_v better_o conserve_v its_o unity_n it_o go_v into_o a_o globular_a form_n c_z it_o be_v a_o controversy_n to_o this_o day_n agitate_a whether_o metal_n be_v distinguish_v among_o themselves_o in_o specifical_a difference_n which_o do_v effect_v divers_a and_o incommunicable_a form_n among_o themselves_o so_o that_o one_o kind_n of_o metal_n can_v be_v change_v or_o convert_v into_o another_o or_o rather_o do_v they_o differ_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o perfection_n and_o imperfection_n this_o last_o tenent_n be_v defend_v by_o the_o chemist_n to_o which_o cardan_n and_o danaeus_n subscribe_v the_o first_o the_o follower_n of_o galen_n and_o julius_n scaliger_n defend_v reas._o 1_o metal_n have_v their_o divers_a definition_n divers_a colour_n strength_n seat_n weight_n and_o many_o such_o like_a difference_n between_o they_o 2._o in_o species_n what_o be_v imperfect_a can_v be_v repose_v or_o exist_v in_o any_o species_n for_o the_o essence_n of_o every_o thing_n be_v indivisible_a but_o the_o essence_n alone_o be_v perfection_n as_o scaliger_n say_v exer._n 106._o sect_n 2._o 3._o metal_n between_o themselves_o be_v not_o change_v therefore_o they_o have_v a_o proper_a and_o complete_a essence_n and_o do_v differ_v in_o specifical_a form_n i_o confirm_v the_o proposition_n for_o either_o its_o nature_n must_v change_v or_o art_n but_o it_o do_v not_o change_v its_o nature_n because_o its_o place_n be_v not_o outward_a as_o to_o operation_n then_o much_o less_o art_n which_o be_v a_o imitator_n of_o nature_n 4._o say_v scaliger_n there_o be_v both_o other_o metal_n appoint_v by_o nature_n that_o of_o they_o gold_n shall_v be_v make_v and_o other_o animate_v that_o of_o they_o man_n may_v be_v make_v therefore_o it_o be_v not_o true_a that_o gold_n be_v the_o perfection_n of_o metal_n so_o thomas_n erastus_n his_o second_o part_n of_o dispute_n against_o paracelsus_n and_o jacobus_n albertus_n and_o thomas_n more_o d_o in_o this_o place_n that_o long_o controversed_a point_n whether_o metal_n live_v or_o produce_v vital_a action_n as_o other_o body_n do_v that_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o vegetable_a soul_n cardan_n de_fw-fr subtle_a lib._n 5._o pag._n 150._o do_v affirm_v it_o and_o these_o be_v his_o reason_n 1._o every_o thing_n that_o be_v nourish_v or_o generate_v do_v live_v every_o mingle_a body_n be_v nourish_v or_o at_o least_o generate_v therefore_o it_o live_v to_o this_o scaliger_n answer_v by_o deny_v the_o proposition_n the_o tophu_n or_o gravel-stone_n be_v generate_v yet_o it_o do_v not_o live_v because_o it_o want_v a_o soul_n therefore_o the_o name_n generation_n be_v common_a to_o all_o thing_n generable_a and_o corruptible_a as_o also_o to_o inanimate_a and_o corporal_a simple_n for_o this_o water_n be_v generate_v of_o the_o air_n without_o a_o live_a soul._n the_o second_o reason_n which_o be_v judge_v the_o most_o valid_a be_v this_o where_o there_o be_v heat_n there_o be_v a_o soul_n where_o a_o soul_n there_o be_v life_n in_o a_o stone_n there_o be_v heat_n therefore_o also_o life_n and_o soul._n the_o major_n be_v deniable_a for_o in_o fire_n there_o be_v heat_n which_o notwithstanding_o want_v a_o soul_n the_o minor_a also_o be_v false_a for_o a_o stone_n be_v rather_o cold_a then_o hot_a 3._o attraction_n come_v from_o the_o soul_n the_o loadstone_n attract_v iron_n therefore_o it_o have_v a_o soul_n or_o be_v animate_v scaliger_n answer_v that_o all_o attraction_n not_o to_o be_v from_o the_o soul_n as_o be_v plain_a from_o fire_n which_o do_v gather_v and_o attract_v its_o kind_n neither_o be_v it_o animate_v 4._o metal_n have_v vein_n and_o pore_n therefore_o the_o office_n and_o end_n of_o vein_n the_o end_n be_v the_o passage_n of_o aliment_n but_o aliment_n be_v only_o of_o the_o soul._n scaliger_n answer_v and_o deny_v the_o first_o that_o there_o be_v no_o true_a vein_n in_o metal_n but_o rather_o certain_a internal_o by_o which_o the_o part_n be_v distinguish_v and_o grant_v they_o be_v true_a vein_n and_o necessary_a than_o they_o will_v be_v find_v in_o all_o metal_n which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o most_o precious_a metal_n as_o in_o gold_n the_o adamant_n and_o other_o therefore_o they_o be_v not_o true_a 5._o metal_n do_v grow_v therefore_o they_o have_v a_o vegetable_a soul._n i_o answer_v metal_n do_v grow_v and_o increase_v not_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o a_o soul_n but_o rather_o by_o accretion_n or_o apposition_n of_o part_n extrinsecal_o adhere_v no_o otherwise_o then_o as_o a_o stone_n in_o the_o bladder_n therefore_o a_o soul_n can_v right_o be_v attribute_v unto_o they_o 6._o metal_n do_v suffer_v disease_n and_o old_a age_n as_o albertus_n do_v attest_v which_o must_v necessary_o proceed_v from_o life_n we_o answer_v that_o old_a age_n and_o disease_n be_v metaphorical_o give_v to_o they_o when_o by_o much_o preservation_n we_o say_v they_o have_v lose_v their_o first_o goodness_n and_o virtue_n as_o scaliger_n do_v instance_n in_o the_o adamant_n which_o never_o can_v be_v say_v to_o wax_v old_a e_z these_o property_n be_v denote_v of_o gold_n first_o that_o it_o be_v of_o all_o metal_n the_o most_o soft_a and_o tender_a and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v dilate_v into_o a_o thin_a leaf_n insomuch_o that_o one_o ounce_n of_o gold_n will_v cover_v eight_o of_o silver_n 2._o it_o want_v fatness_n and_o therefore_o it_o do_v not_o tincture_n not_o defile_v neither_o be_v it_o conâ—…umed_v with_o fire_n for_o gold_n according_a to_o aristotle_n of_o all_o metal_n lose_v nothing_o in_o the_o fire_n the_o often_o it_o be_v burn_v the_o better_a it_o be_v 3._o it_o be_v heavy_a consider_v the_o thickness_n of_o its_o substance_n because_o it_o be_v compact_v well_o with_o heat_n 4._o it_o have_v a_o pleasant_a and_o excellent_a sapour_fw-la and_o odour_n for_o it_o be_v temperate_o hot_a and_o dry_a whence_o it_o be_v say_v to_o exhilarate_v the_o heart_n of_o man_n and_o to_o corroborate_v the_o vital_a spirit_n native_a gold_n be_v find_v in_o the_o mountain_n about_o arabia_n in_o cavern_n and_o pond_n in_o germany_n in_o river_n at_o tago_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o head_n of_o fish_n it_o be_v also_o generate_v and_o mingle_v with_o other_o metal_n f_o there_o be_v a_o great_a controversy_n among_o latter_a chemist_n and_o follower_n of_o
earth_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o composition_n which_o do_v afford_v matter_n for_o the_o unctuosity_n to_o astringe_v therefore_o stone_n be_v get_v of_o gross_a earth_n by_o the_o coalition_n of_o this_o humour_n which_o must_v be_v so_o understand_v not_o that_o the_o two_o other_o element_n to_o wit_n the_o fire_n and_o the_o air_n must_v be_v separate_v from_o their_o mixtion_n if_o so_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o philosopher_n be_v true_a that_o every_o mix_a thing_n do_v consist_v of_o four_o element_n the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o metal_n or_o mineral_n be_v two_o heat_n and_o cold_a heat_n persist_v in_o the_o matter_n do_v diduce_fw-la moisture_n and_o unctuosity_n of_o â—…errene_a substance_n by_o certain_a tender_a part_n and_o so_o do_v coct_v and_o digest_v and_o perfect_o mingle_v the_o portion_n of_o the_o several_a element_n but_o especicial_o of_o water_n and_o earth_n and_o so_o purge_v they_o from_o all_o the_o excrementitious_a part_n and_o at_o last_o do_v prepare_v that_o matter_n right_o to_o produce_v the_o form_n of_o a_o stone_n and_o so_o cold_a at_o length_n do_v condensate_a it_o with_o its_o astrictiveness_n &_o expel_v all_o its_o superabundant_a humour_n and_o so_o indurate_a it_o into_o a_o stone_n but_o some_o may_v say_v that_o cold_a rather_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o corruption_n than_o generation_n i_o answer_v it_o be_v true_a in_o animate_v body_n but_o in_o inanimate_v to_o wit_n in_o meteor_n and_o metal_n coldness_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o generation_n yet_o it_o may_v further_o be_v object_v if_o stone_n do_v coalesce_v from_o coldness_n it_o follow_v by_o the_o same_o rule_n that_o they_o must_v melt_v by_o heat_n and_o so_o be_v resolve_v but_o that_o can_v be_v aâ—…â—…erefore_o nor_o the_o former_a i_o anâ—…wer_v stone_n can_v be_v melt_v by_o heat_n alone_o without_o the_o affusion_n of_o some_o other_o humour_n because_o there_o be_v in_o they_o such_o a_o exquisite_a &_o natural_a commixture_n of_o moisture_n and_o dryness_n that_o they_o refuse_v liquation_n by_o their_o contrary_n neither_o be_v they_o to_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o action_n of_o their_o external_a faculty_n without_o the_o sympathy_n of_o some_o familiar_a quality_n b_o according_a to_o the_o divers_a and_o various_a subtlety_n of_o the_o matter_n whether_o pure_a or_o impure_a crass_a viscous_a or_o the_o like_a stones_z both_o pure_a and_o impure_a noble_a and_o ignoble_a be_v engender_v whence_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v so_o great_a variety_n of_o stone_n and_o gem_n and_o here_o a_o objection_n will_v arise_v whether_o precious_a stone_n may_v change_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o earth_n generation_n gem_n because_o of_o their_o noble_a fulgour_fw-la and_o transparency_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o persist_v of_o earth_n which_o be_v dusky_a and_o blackish_a a_o enemy_n to_o such_o pulchritude_n whence_o many_o be_v of_o this_o opinion_n that_o gem_n be_v partaker_n equal_o of_o celestial_a fire_n and_o water_n and_o from_o they_o to_o receive_v their_o fulgour_fw-la and_o crystalline_a clearness_n but_o we_o must_v know_v that_o gem_n also_o do_v consist_v of_o certain_a earthly_a matter_n but_o not_o obscure_a but_o subtle_a mix_v with_o a_o waterish_a humidity_n well_o coct_v and_o temper_v for_o the_o matter_n according_a to_o logician_n do_v vary_v the_o dignity_n of_o thing_n but_o the_o propinquity_n of_o the_o sun_n coct_v better_a and_o strong_a the_o matter_n of_o stone_n in_o oriental_a region_n make_v the_o gem_n and_o stone_n both_o more_o excellent_a and_o precious_a another_o question_n will_v here_o arise_v whether_o stone_n do_v differ_v in_o form_n and_o species_n we_o maintain_v the_o affirmative_a with_o this_o one_o undeniable_a reason_n divers_a action_n and_o virtue_n do_v arise_v from_o divers_a form_n but_o there_o be_v divers_a action_n in_o divers_a stone_n therefore_o etc._n etc._n the_o assumption_n be_v prove_v because_o one_o stone_n resist_v poison_n another_o discuss_n swell_n another_o draw_v iron_n which_o be_v indeed_o divers_a effect_n c_z pliny_n relate_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o pumice_n that_o it_o be_v get_v of_o fruit_n some_o of_o bay_n some_o of_o thyme_n beyond_o the_o column_n of_o hereule_n which_o be_v transform_v into_o the_o pumice_n which_o if_o it_o be_v true_a it_o be_v not_o strangâ—…_n why_o the_o pumice_n cast_v into_o the_o water_n do_v swim_v when_o it_o be_v make_v of_o porous_a and_o rare_a matter_n and_o therefore_o it_o have_v its_o levity_n from_o its_o matter_n and_o will_v not_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o water_n but_o that_o for_o use_n be_v account_v the_o best_a which_o be_v candid_a light_a and_o very_o spongious_a the_o flower_n of_o it_o according_a to_o theophrastus_n do_v take_v away_o drunkenneâ—…s_v d_o a_o gemm_n proper_o be_v the_o sprout_v or_o bud_n of_o a_o tree_n fair_a and_o round_o bunch_v out_o at_o the_o first_o out_o of_o bunâ—…s_n and_o chief_o of_o vine_n and_o so_o those_o precious_a stone_n which_o reâ—…mble_v this_o form_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v gem_n because_o they_o respond_v thereunto_o in_o figure_n and_o form_n but_o the_o virtue_n and_o the_o effect_n of_o gem_n be_v wonderful_a if_o we_o may_v believe_v cardan_n some_o say_v he_o be_v effectual_a in_o prolong_v life_n other_o available_a in_o love_n in_o obtain_v riches_n some_o for_o divination_n other_o for_o consolation_n some_o for_o wisdom_n other_o for_o good_a fortune_n some_o work_n effect_n to_o make_v man_n dull_a other_o joyful_a some_o sad_a other_o fearful_a some_o do_v resist_v poison_n other_o help_v the_o concoction_n of_o the_o ventricle_n and_o liver_n but_o concern_v the_o virtue_n of_o gem_n read_v scaliger_n exer._n 106._o but_o heaven_n no_o doubt_n have_v infuse_v into_o gem_n many_o admirable_a property_n and_o virtue_n concern_v which_o hermes_n trismegistus_n have_v sufficient_o treat_v e_z but_o why_o do_v the_o adamant_n preserve_v its_o substance_n whole_a against_o the_o weighty_a stroke_n of_o the_o hammer_n and_o furious_a flame_n of_o of_o the_o fire_n yet_o suffer_v itself_o to_o be_v dissolve_v with_o the_o blood_n of_o a_o goat_n there_o be_v some_o of_o our_o late_a writer_n who_o will_v admit_v of_o no_o occult_a property_n at_o all_o but_o go_v about_o to_o manifest_v every_o thing_n by_o plain_a reason_n therefore_o they_o judge_v goat_n blood_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o analogy_n which_o be_v in_o the_o beginning_n common_a to_o pierce_v the_o adamant_n but_o say_v scaliger_n what_o other_o thing_n be_v that_o anology_n of_o its_o common_a principle_n than_o a_o occult_a property_n no_o doubt_n but_o it_o be_v a_o great_a miracle_n of_o nature_n and_o why_o it_o shall_v pierce_v so_o hard_a a_o body_n no_o man_n well_o can_v demonstrate_v f_o the_o carbuncle_n come_v from_o the_o eastern_a region_n shine_v like_a to_o white_a cloud_n but_o because_o it_o have_v golden_a spot_n it_o be_v reckon_v by_o some_o among_o gem_n g_z of_o which_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n first_o that_o which_o shine_v in_o the_o dark_a they_o call_v pyropus_fw-la second_o that_o which_o be_v put_v in_o a_o black_a vessel_n shine_v water_n be_v pour_v upon_o it_o three_o that_o be_v the_o base_a which_o glister_v only_o when_o the_o light_n shine_v h_n achates_n be_v of_o so_o many_o various_a kind_n that_o it_o will_v scarce_o be_v credit_v to_o be_v one_o stone_n for_o it_o be_v clear_a red_a yellowish_a cineritious_a green_a dark_a blue_a insomuch_o that_o this_o one_o answer_n to_o all_o the_o colour_n of_o other_o gem_n ay_o albertus_n magnus_n relate_v that_o he_o have_v try_v this_o that_o if_o this_o stone_n be_v hang_v about_o the_o neck_n it_o roborate_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n which_o be_v incredible_a for_o by_o its_o frigidity_n it_o constringe_n the_o spirit_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v relate_v that_o if_o it_o be_v hang_v about_o the_o belly_n it_o hinder_v venery_n whereupon_o the_o indian_n everywhere_o preserve_v themselves_o k_o whether_o crystal_n be_v glass_n be_v a_o subtle_a controversy_n between_o cardan_n and_o scaliger_n he_o deny_v it_o upon_o this_o reason_n because_o glass_n be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o fire_n but_o crystal_n not_o unless_o for_o several_a day_n it_o lie_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o vehement_a fire_n and_o be_v continual_o blow_v therefore_o crystal_n can_v never_o be_v glass_n scaliger_n answer_v glass_n that_o have_v never_o obtain_v the_o hardness_n of_o a_o stone_n be_v as_o yet_o water_n and_o therefore_o easy_o dissolvable_a by_o fire_n because_o it_o be_v but_o congeal_v with_o a_o little_a cold_a but_o when_o it_o be_v concrete_v and_o congeal_v by_o a_o diuturnal_a cold_a insomuch_o that_o it_o have_v obtain_v the_o perfect_a form_n and_o hardness_n of_o a_o stone_n it_o will_v not_o easy_o melt_v or_o not_o at_o all_o but_o it_o be_v generate_v oftentimes_o under_o the_o earth_n
and_o sometime_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o high_a mountain_n where_o there_o be_v perpetual_a snow_n therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v congeal_v into_o a_o hard_a substance_n for_o much_o of_o it_o be_v bring_v from_o the_o alps_n helvetia_n and_o italy_n l_o coral_n be_v call_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o it_o be_v a_o shrubby_a stone_n for_o it_o be_v call_v frutex_fw-la marinus_fw-la because_o be_v extract_v from_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o air_n it_o be_v harden_v into_o a_o stone_n under_o the_o water_n the_o coral_n be_v green_a and_o soft_a but_o assoon_o as_o it_o be_v take_v out_o and_o repose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o grow_v hard_a and_o red_a because_o of_o the_o tenuity_n and_o subtlety_n of_o the_o air_n which_o compel_v and_o harden_v its_o part_n m_n the_o loadstone_n be_v call_v magnes_n as_o be_v suppose_v from_o its_o first_o finder_n out_o by_o some_o it_o be_v call_v the_o herculean_a stone_n it_o have_v a_o wonderful_a virtue_n in_o attraction_n it_o do_v not_o only_o strong_o draw_v iron_n to_o itself_o but_o also_o infuse_v a_o attractive_a virtue_n into_o the_o iron_n draw_v insomuch_o that_o it_o will_v attract_v other_o iron_n to_o it_o which_o thing_n can_v hardly_o be_v demonstrate_v with_o reason_n if_o any_o say_v that_o iron_n be_v draw_v by_o the_o similitude_n of_o substance_n he_o err_v not_o for_o similitude_n and_o the_o flight_n of_o the_o vacuum_n be_v the_o two_o cause_n of_o attraction_n heat_n draw_v by_o the_o flight_n of_o the_o vacuum_n every_o part_n do_v draw_v its_o proper_a aliment_n according_a to_o the_o similitude_n of_o the_o substance_n whence_o iron_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o aliment_n of_o the_o loadstone_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v draw_v by_o it_o for_o in_o the_o flake_n of_o iron_n the_o loadstone_n be_v preserve_v although_o scaliger_n by_o no_o mean_n will_v assent_v to_o this_o but_o we_o say_v that_o iron_n be_v the_o proper_a aliment_n of_o the_o loadstone_n not_o so_o as_o to_o say_v that_o it_o live_v as_o scaliger_n well_o infer_v but_o as_o it_o be_v nourish_v by_o it_o but_o as_o the_o element_n move_v spontaneous_o to_o their_o place_n as_o to_o their_o end_n and_o perfection_n so_o the_o loadstone_n because_o it_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o file_n of_o iron_n and_o as_o it_o be_v nourish_v by_o they_o move_v to_o the_o iron_n therefore_o we_o may_v well_o rest_v in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_a that_o iron_n be_v draw_v by_o the_o loadstone_n by_o the_o similitude_n of_o substance_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o this_o stone_n be_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o iron_n yet_o some_o say_v that_o the_o loadstone_n do_v not_o always_o draw_v iron_n i_o answer_v that_o happen_v by_o accident_n for_o when_o the_o adamant_n be_v near_o it_o hinder_v and_o impede_v its_o attraction_n cardan_n yet_o deny_v that_o the_o adamant_n can_v hinder_v the_o attraction_n of_o iron_n or_o can_v be_v hinder_v by_o leek_n and_o onion_n but_o maintain_v that_o it_o will_v always_o attract_v iron_n as_o he_o have_v prove_v by_o experience_n n_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o pearl_n be_v this_o shell-fish_n in_o the_o spring_n time_n be_v incite_v to_o the_o desire_n of_o copulation_n or_o conception_n whereupon_o they_o come_v out_o to_o the_o shore_n and_o dilate_v themselves_o attract_v the_o heavenly_a dew_n return_v as_o it_o be_v burden_v and_o so_o bring_v forth_o margary_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v so_o much_o difference_n in_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o pearl_n which_o happen_v according_a to_o their_o age_n or_o magnitude_n and_o also_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o dew_n receive_v of_o round_a shell-fish_n the_o best_a pearl_n be_v get_v those_o be_v the_o best_a pearl_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o sometime_o find_v float_v upon_o the_o shore_n chap._n 3._o of_o juice_n or_o precious_a earth_n 1._o we_o have_v explain_v the_o nature_n of_o hard_a metallic_a body_n we_o shall_v now_o treat_v of_o such_o as_o be_v soâ—…t_o which_o precious_a earthâ—…_n be_v of_o a_o mild_a nature_n between_o metal_n and_o stone_n 2._o and_o many_o of_o these_o body_n be_v fricable_a that_o be_v to_o say_v rub_v small_a or_o bring_v into_o fine_a powder_n 3_o some_o of_o these_o may_v be_v melt_v other_o not_o those_o that_o be_v soft_a may_v that_o may_v be_v harden_v into_o the_o body_n of_o a_o stone_n 4._o of_o the_o first_o kind_n of_o these_o be_v those_o that_o be_v dry_a and_o concrete_v as_o salt_n alom_n bitumen_n vitriol_n 5._o salt_n be_v a_o a_o metallic_a body_n friable_a beget_v of_o a_o humid_a and_o watery_a juice_n and_o gross_a earth_n mix_v and_o boil_a together_o 6._o it_o have_v force_n to_o absterge_n expurge_n astringe_n dissipate_v and_o attenuate_v 7._o and_o it_o be_v either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a that_o which_o be_v natural_a be_v call_v fossile_n that_o which_o be_v artificial_a factitious_a 8._o the_o fossile_n be_v find_v either_o in_o the_o earth_n or_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n 9_o that_o which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o earth_n be_v either_o dig_v out_o of_o mountain_n or_o effode_v out_o of_o the_o field_n or_o sandy_a place_n 10._o of_o these_o there_o be_v various_a difference_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o place_n where_o they_o be_v find_v but_o four_o especial_o be_v most_o know_v to_o we_o sal_fw-la ammoniack_a sal_fw-la gemm_n sal_fw-la nitre_n indian_a salt_n 11._o ammoniack_a be_v a_o bitter_a salt_n find_v in_o or_o about_o the_o sand_n of_o cyrene_n whence_o it_o be_v call_v cyrenaicus_n 12._o salt_n gem_n be_v a_o fossile_n salt_n find_v in_o mine_n or_o pit_n shine_v and_o resemble_v the_o form_n of_o crystal_n 13._o salt_n nitre_n or_o salt-peter_n consist_v of_o a_o coagulate_v humour_n in_o moistsubterraneous_a place_n shine_v like_a to_o congeal_a snow_n upon_o wall_n to_o this_o day_n by_o art_n it_o be_v make_v 14._o the_o indian_a be_v a_o salt_n blackish_a cut_v out_o of_o the_o mountain_n oromontus_fw-la in_o the_o indies_n 15._o those_o salt_n that_o be_v find_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v such_o as_o be_v dig_v or_o effode_v out_o of_o water_n and_o they_o be_v call_v either_o fontal_a when_o fountain_n or_o river_n by_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v dry_v and_o convert_v to_o salt_n or_o fluvial_a when_o the_o arm_n of_o some_o river_n be_v condensated_a into_o salt_n or_o stagnal_n when_o pond_n in_o the_o summer_n be_v dry_v and_o a_o salt_n remain_v or_o marine_a when_o in_o the_o shore_n a_o certain_a tender_a salt_n be_v get_v which_o dioscorides_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pliny_n interpret_v it_o the_o spume_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o call_v it_o the_o dry_a spume_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o more_o right_o a_o salt_n make_v by_o heat_n of_o the_o sea-spume_n 16._o factitious_a 〈◊〉_d coct_v salt_n be_v make_v of_o water_n and_o that_o either_o marine_a fluvial_a fenny_a fountain_n or_o of_o the_o water_n of_o pond_n 17._o alum_n by_o the_o definition_n of_o pliny_n be_v a_o certain_a salsugo_fw-la or_o the_o salt_n sweat_n of_o the_o earth_n concrete_v of_o a_o muddy_a and_o slimy_a water_n 18._o and_o it_o be_v either_o clear_a or_o black_a 19_o that_o which_o be_v clear_a be_v judge_v the_o best_a and_o it_o be_v either_o thick_a or_o liquid_a 20._o the_o liquid_a be_v soft_a fat_a and_o clear_a 21._o the_o thick_a be_v either_o round_a or_o scissile_a and_o it_o have_v the_o form_n of_o of_o sugar_n 22._o the_o black_a be_v find_v in_o cyprus_n which_o purge_v gold_n 23._o bitumen_n be_v the_o juice_n of_o the_o earth_n gentle_a and_o tender_a like_v to_o pitch_n easy_o take_v fire_n 24._o and_o it_o be_v either_o hard_a 〈◊〉_d soft_a 25._o the_o hard_a be_v strong_o concrete_v not_o unlike_a to_o the_o clod_n of_o the_o earth_n 29._o of_o this_o sort_n be_v asphaltus_n pissaphaltus_n and_o amber_n 27._o asphaltus_n be_v a_o blackish_a bitumen_n like_v to_o pitch_n but_o hard_a and_o more_o inspissated_a splended_a and_o less_o olcous_a and_o this_o sort_n be_v get_v all_o over_o babylon_n 28._o pissaphaltus_n be_v a_o certain_a bitumen_n in_o a_o manner_n black_a but_o of_o a_o more_o terrene_a concretion_n 29._o amber_n also_o be_v a_o bitumen_n and_o fat_a of_o the_o earth_n proceed_v from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o colour_n be_v sometime_o white_a yellow_a or_o obscure_a 30._o the_o liquid_a bitumen_n be_v that_o which_o flow_v like_o a_o oleous_a liquor_n of_o who_o species_n be_v naptha_n and_o the_o arabian_a amber_n 31._o naptha_n be_v liquid_a bitumen_n of_o a_o oleous_a crassitude_n the_o fire_n have_v such_o force_n over_o it_o that_o it_o will_v leap_v into_o it_o wherever_o it_o be_v neither_o can_v it_o be_v quench_v by_o
neither_o have_v scale_n nor_o a_o rough_a skin_n as_o the_o cutle_n calimary_a lollium_n polipus_n sea-wolf_n 55._o they_o be_v call_v hard_o which_o have_v a_o crustous_a and_o scalous_a skin_n as_o the_o crab_n muscle_n and_o oyster_n 56._o and_o among_o the_o rest_n it_o be_v doubtful_a whether_o those_o that_o be_v call_v amphibia_fw-la what_o their_o nature_n be_v they_o have_v lung_n and_o breath_n and_o also_o whether_o they_o sleep_v by_o the_o mouth_n or_o fistula_n in_o the_o water_n or_o out_o 57_o and_o they_o be_v partly_o fourfooted_a as_o frog_n crocodile_n otter_n badger_n partly_o reptile_a as_o the_o watersnake_n and_o partly_o aereal_a as_o the_o cormorant_n wild-duck_n etc._n etc._n 58._o and_o thus_o much_o of_o perfect_a animal_n those_o that_o be_v imperfect_a be_v such_o who_o body_n do_v not_o so_o cohere_v but_o they_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v divide_v and_o they_o want_v â—…lood_n and_o have_v their_o original_n from_o pâ—…action_n and_o be_v call_v infect_v 59_o therefore_o a_o insect_n l_o be_v a_o imperfect_a animal_n want_v blood_n have_v a_o body_n distinct_a by_o its_o open_a juncture_n &_o so_o likewise_o breathe_v not_o 60._o whence_o these_o infect_v be_v say_v to_o consist_v of_o three_o chief_a part_n the_o head_n belly_n and_o some_o space_n between_o both_o 62._o some_o of_o these_o infect_v m_n be_v engender_v of_o caenous_a earth_n and_o putrid_a slime_n as_o for_o example_n from_o putrid_a dung_n and_o wood_n the_o palmer-worm_n from_o putrid_a water_n gnat_n from_o mire_n and_o dirt_n worm_n and_o some_o from_o the_o puâ—…action_n of_o a_o dead_a carcase_n as_o the_o beetle_n from_o the_o ass_n bee_n from_o the_o bull_n and_o wasp_n from_o a_o horse_n 63._o the_o cause_n of_o those_o that_o take_v their_o original_n from_o putrid_a matter_n be_v celestial_a heat_n diffuse_v in_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n 64._o of_o they_o which_o be_v get_v of_o a_o mix_a or_o cadaverous_a putredue_n they_o be_v procreate_v of_o the_o proper_a heat_n of_o the_o mix_a putretude_n 65._o this_o the_o philosopher_n endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o when_o he_o say_v in_o those_o thing_n that_o do_v putrefy_v be_v animal_n procreate_v because_o of_o the_o natural_a calidity_n existent_a therein_o which_o be_v segregated_a make_v a_o body_n 66._o therefore_o that_o calidity_n so_o segregated_a do_v dispose_v the_o matter_n and_o do_v produce_v both_o a_o form_n and_o substance_n of_o the_o same_o not_o by_o its_o proper_a force_n as_o though_o a_o arridous_a can_v effect_v a_o live_a substance_n but_o by_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o celestial_a heat_n 67._o and_o as_o the_o putrefy_a matter_n be_v diverse_a and_o various_a into_o which_o the_o heat_n both_o mix_v with_o itself_o and_o that_o which_o be_v by_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o heaven_n dart_v into_o it_o so_o it_o must_v needs_o produce_v divers_a and_o various_a infect_v and_o they_o both_o noble_a and_o ignoble_a 68_o for_o if_o the_o matter_n be_v very_o terrene_a then_o testaceous_a animal_n be_v generate_v if_o tender_a and_o subtle_a then_o more_o slender_a animal_n be_v produce_v 69._o hence_o it_o be_v that_o when_o there_o be_v much_o terrene_a portion_n in_o the_o sea_n existent_n that_o of_o such_o a_o concretion_n a_o shelly_a substance_n to_o arise_v so_o that_o the_o terrene_a part_n do_v quick_o indurate_a and_o coâ—…late_v 70._o but_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o infect_v some_o be_v wing_v some_o not_o 71._o among_o those_o that_o be_v wing_v there_o be_v some_o that_o have_v two_o and_o some_o four_o wing_n 72._o those_o that_o have_v two_o wing_n be_v such_o as_o these_o fly_n gnat_n butterfly_n etc._n etc._n 73._o four_o wing_n as_o bee_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d beetle_n spanish_a fly_n 74._o those_o that_o want_v wing_n be_v such_o as_o 〈◊〉_d upon_o the_o ground_n 75._o and_o among_o these_o there_o be_v some_o that_o walk_v by_o degree_n as_o the_o pismire_n spider_n horslice_n locust_n flea_n other_o crawl_v slow_o on_o the_o ground_n as_o worm_n grass-worm_n glow-worm_n etc._n etc._n the_o commentary_n a_o between_o a_o rational_a creature_n to_o wit_n a_o man_n and_o a_o irrational_a to_o wit_n a_o beast_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a medium_fw-la call_v a_o satire_n or_o ape_n which_o be_v right_o refer_v to_o monster_n b_o some_o thing_n be_v here_o to_o be_v touch_v concern_v the_o reason_n or_o intelligence_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v in_o bruit_n for_o there_o be_v some_o now_o in_o these_o day_n who_o beside_o that_o particular_a sense_n and_o reason_n they_o attribute_v unto_o they_o do_v believe_v that_o they_o be_v move_v with_o a_o certain_a singular_a sagacity_n and_o doâ—…lity_n in_o wonderful_a operation_n which_o they_o say_v can_v be_v act_v without_o some_o prudence_n and_o reason_n for_o the_o great_a bucephalus_n of_o alexander_n will_v permit_v no_o body_n to_o come_v upon_o his_o back_n but_o his_o lord_n and_o at_o last_o one_o put_v on_o alexander_n robe_n and_o mount_v thereupon_o be_v notwithstanding_o immediate_o throw_v off_o nicomedes_n be_v report_v to_o have_v have_v a_o horse_n who_o when_o he_o perceive_v his_o master_n to_o be_v lose_v in_o the_o battle_n he_o refuse_v to_o eat_v his_o fodder_n or_o provender_n but_o pine_v away_o and_o die_v the_o panther_n after_o that_o it_o have_v taste_v of_o poison_n present_o run_v to_o man_n dung_n that_o it_o may_v be_v thereby_o help_v the_o goat_n in_o the_o wood_n of_o crete_n be_v shoot_v with_o dart_n run_v to_o the_o herb_n dittany_n and_o thereby_o have_v their_o dart_n pluck_v out_o swallow_n aslo_o show_v a_o wonderful_a art_n in_o build_v of_o their_o nest_n with_o clay_n bee_n in_o the_o make_n of_o wax_n and_o honey_n and_o so_o many_o other_o beast_n several_a other_o performance_n which_o can_v be_v imitate_v by_o we_o all_o which_o â—…ms_v to_o some_o to_o be_v act_v with_o reason_n but_o for_o true_a solution_n of_o this_o between_o the_o true_a action_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o sensitive_a faculty_n for_o the_o operation_n performance_n and_o action_n of_o bruit_n be_v not_o to_o be_v adjudge_v as_o proceed_v from_o reason_n but_o partly_o from_o the_o instinct_n of_o nature_n partly_o from_o a_o phanâ—…e_n and_o partly_o from_o a_o natural_a sagacity_n or_o that_o daily_a assuefaction_n they_o perform_v and_o though_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o these_o action_n do_v proceed_v from_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o force_n or_o faculty_n of_o discretion_n or_o prudence_n existent_a in_o bruit_n yet_o it_o be_v different_a far_o from_o humane_a discretion_n and_o reason_n neither_o do_v it_o differ_v in_o quantity_n as_o more_o or_o less_o but_o in_o the_o quality_n or_o thing_n itself_o for_o it_o can_v proper_o be_v call_v reason_n or_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o rational_a faculty_n but_o to_o be_v understand_v analogical_o for_o it_o be_v the_o property_n of_o reason_n not_o only_o to_o understand_v know_v and_o judge_v of_o its_o action_n but_o to_o vary_v the_o same_o according_a to_o its_o will_n but_o beast_n can_v do_v neither_o of_o these_o for_o those_o thing_n wherein_o they_o be_v always_o occupy_v in_o they_o they_o do_v continue_v and_o from_o they_o do_v not_o depart_v neither_o can_v they_o vary_v their_o action_n at_o will_n as_o those_o that_o be_v endow_v with_o reason_n but_o some_o will_v allege_v first_o that_o bruit_n be_v capable_a of_o discipline_n because_o they_o be_v teach_v many_o thing_n and_o to_o perform_v many_o work_n therefore_o they_o be_v competent_a of_o reason_n if_o by_o discipline_n they_o understand_v science_n proper_o so_o call_v i_o deny_v that_o ever_o any_o bruit_n be_v ever_o capable_a of_o any_o such_o discipline_n for_o though_o they_o may_v learn_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yet_o they_o can_v learn_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o therefore_o there_o be_v certain_a bird_n which_o learn_v to_o speak_v by_o a_o certain_a custom_n and_o inclination_n but_o what_o they_o say_v they_o be_v altogether_o ignorant_a second_o those_o that_o be_v fall_v into_o frantic_a fit_n and_o madness_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v ratiocination_n and_o understanding_n but_o many_o bruit_n beast_n be_v say_v to_o be_v mad_a as_o ape_n take_v in_o drunkenness_n dog_n often_o run_v mad_a the_o ox_n horse_n ass_n camel_n be_v say_v to_o suffer_v disease_n which_o physician_n rank_a in_o the_o regiment_n of_o madness_n therefore_o etc._n etc._n i_o answer_v it_o can_v true_o hence_o be_v gather_v that_o bruit_n have_v any_o similitude_n with_o man_n reason_n for_o man_n be_v say_v to_o be_v mad_a when_o they_o be_v void_a of_o that_o reason_n which_o distinguish_v they_o from_o a_o 〈◊〉_d now_o bruit_n be_v mad_a according_a to_o their_o internal_a sense_n which_o be_v common_a to_o they_o to_o wit_n imagination_n &_o sensitive_a faculty_n which_o some_o
censory_a hide_a within_o the_o skull_n and_o therefore_o they_o can_v perceive_v odour_n but_o by_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n introsume_v but_o infect_v do_v not_o perceive_v odour_n by_o the_o attraction_n of_o air_n but_o by_o the_o alone_a presence_n of_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v smell_v at_o the_o censory_a which_o organ_n in_o they_o be_v always_o open_a and_o expose_v to_o smell_v not_o unlike_a to_o the_o eye_n of_o those_o animal_n that_o have_v no_o lid_n nor_o cover_v but_o always_o open_a m_n the_o material_a cause_n of_o infect_v be_v double_a as_o the_o infect_v themselves_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n for_o some_o be_v get_v of_o slimy_a earth_n and_o putrid_a mud_n as_o for_o example_n from_o putrify_a potherb_n the_o canker_n or_o palmer-worm_n from_o putrid_a water_n the_o gnat_n from_o decay_a wine_n the_o midge_n from_o slime_n worm_n from_o mud_n frog_n other_o arise_v from_o a_o mix_a putretude_n as_o beetle_n from_o the_o karcass_n of_o a_o ass_n bee_n from_o a_o bull_n wasp_n from_o a_o horse_n and_o as_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o infect_v so_o there_o be_v also_o a_o double_a efficient_a cause_n of_o they_o for_o they_o which_o take_v their_o rise_n from_o putrid_a matter_n their_o efficient_a cause_n be_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n diffuse_v in_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n but_o they_o which_o be_v get_v of_o a_o mix_a and_o cadaverous_a putretude_n be_v procreate_v mere_o from_o the_o proper_a heat_n of_o the_o mix_a putretude_n for_o that_o heat_n do_v dispose_v the_o matter_n and_o produce_v a_o substantial_a form_n of_o the_o same_o not_o by_o its_o proper_a force_n for_o a_o accident_n can_v make_v a_o live_a substance_n but_o by_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o celestial_a heat_n but_o some_o may_v say_v that_o heat_n of_o mixture_n be_v break_v in_o putretude_n if_o putretude_n be_v the_o corruption_n of_o heat_n natural_a therefore_o the_o heat_n of_o a_o mix_a body_n putrefy_a can_v be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o infect_v i_o answer_v in_o the_o natural_a decay_n of_o mixture_n simple_o all_o heat_n do_v not_o vanish_v so_o that_o none_o may_v be_v say_v to_o remain_v but_o break_v as_o natural_a and_o according_a to_o that_o measure_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o retain_v the_o humidity_n with_o the_o â—…iccity_n as_o in_o the_o destruction_n death_n or_o decay_n of_o live_a creature_n all_o heat_n simple_o do_v not_o vanish_v but_o that_o only_a which_o be_v convenient_a for_o the_o existence_n of_o the_o soul_n in_o the_o body_n and_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n therefore_o that_o heat_n which_o be_v yet_o leave_v in_o a_o mix_a putretude_n have_v reason_n to_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o infect_v but_o some_o may_v further_o instance_n that_o heat_n in_o the_o generation_n of_o mixture_n aught_o to_o domineer_v passive_o not_o active_o according_a to_o aristotle_n who_o say_v that_o heat_n and_o cold_a do_v generate_v when_o they_o overcome_v and_o rule_v in_o passives_n but_o in_o putretude_n the_o heat_n of_o mixture_n do_v not_o obtain_v the_o name_n of_o dominion_n because_o its_o want_n strength_n and_o vigour_n and_o be_v so_o unfurnished_a that_o it_o can_v retain_v the_o moist_a with_o the_o dry_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o mixture_n therefore_o it_o can_v be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o infect_v which_o infect_v be_v procreate_v of_o the_o unity_n and_o consistency_n of_o humidity_n and_o sicâ—…ity_n i_o answer_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o body_n putrefy_a may_v be_v consider_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o that_o mixture_n which_o do_v putrefy_v or_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o animal_n which_o be_v produce_v from_o that_o mixture_n if_o it_o be_v consider_v after_o the_o first_o manner_n than_o it_o be_v preternatural_a and_o not_o fit_a to_o retain_v the_o humidity_n with_o the_o siccity_n because_o it_o do_v not_o further_a rule_n in_o these_o passive_a quality_n but_o if_o heat_n be_v consider_v in_o the_o second_o respect_n than_o it_o be_v natural_a and_o have_v force_n and_o dominion_n over_o the_o moist_a and_o dry_a and_o it_o can_v terminate_v and_o couple_v they_o and_o out_o of_o that_o matter_n produce_v a_o substantial_a form_n by_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o celestial_a heat_n but_o now_o as_o the_o matter_n be_v various_a and_o diverse_a in_o which_o heat_n do_v exercise_v its_o action_n so_o likewise_o various_a and_o divers_a animal_n and_o infect_v be_v produce_v for_o if_o the_o matter_n be_v much_o terrene_a and_o corpulent_a than_o it_o will_v produce_v testaceous_a animal_n but_o if_o tender_a thin_a and_o subtle_a than_o heat_n do_v generate_v slender_a animal_n as_o fly_n gnat_n etc._n etc._n for_o as_o aristotle_n say_v in_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v much_o of_o a_o earthly_a substance_n and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o from_o the_o concretion_n thereof_o so_o many_o shell-fish_n be_v procreate_v but_o again_o it_o may_v be_v object_v by_o some_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v generate_v must_v proceed_v from_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v like_a to_o itself_o for_o a_o celestial_a body_n and_o heat_n be_v not_o similar_v to_o those_o which_o do_v arise_v from_o coenous_a and_o putrid_a matter_n therefore_o from_o these_o they_o can_v right_o be_v say_v to_o be_v generate_v i_o answer_v every_o thing_n that_o be_v generate_v be_v say_v to_o be_v generate_v from_o its_o simile_n either_o according_a to_o a_o univocal_a generation_n or_o a_o equivocal_a generation_n by_o analogy_n i_o call_v that_o a_o univocal_a generation_n when_o one_o man_n beget_v another_o or_o one_o dog_n another_o for_o here_o the_o thing_n get_v and_o the_o thing_n beget_v be_v of_o one_o genus_fw-la for_o the_o bitch_n generate_a be_v a_o animal_n and_o the_o dog_n generate_v be_v a_o animal_n but_o a_o equivocal_a generation_n be_v make_v by_o similitude_n as_o a_o frog_n that_o be_v produce_v out_o of_o filth_n by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o it_o be_v so_o call_v because_o the_o thing_n get_v and_o the_o thing_n get_v be_v heterogeneous_a but_o now_o although_o the_o infect_v proceed_v from_o such_o like_a body_n be_v not_o similar_v according_a to_o the_o univocal_a genus_fw-la yet_o they_o be_v generate_v a_o simile_n according_a to_o the_o equivocal_a genus_fw-la by_o analogy_n because_o they_o be_v produce_v by_o some_o existent_a act_n as_o by_o a_o celestial_a body_n or_o the_o like_a which_o concur_v in_o the_o way_n of_o act_n to_o produce_v a_o body_n chap._n 15._o of_o man_n and_o his_o formation_n in_o the_o womb._n 1._o hitherto_o we_o have_v treat_v of_o irrational_a creature_n now_o we_o shall_v say_v something_o of_o the_o rational_a viz._n man._n 2._o man_n be_v a_o a_o animal_n endow_v with_o reason_n 3._o and_o as_o he_o be_v the_o most_o noble_a of_o all_o creature_n so_o he_o have_v the_o most_o beautiful_a and_o excellent_a structure_n of_o body_n of_o all_o other_o animal_n be_v erect_a and_o look_v up_o to_o heaven_n 4._o but_o as_o every_o thing_n which_o be_v get_v do_v proceed_v of_o something_o and_o from_o something_o so_o there_o be_v certain_a necessary_a principle_n to_o the_o generation_n of_o man_n body_n 5._o the_o seed_n b_o therefore_o of_o both_o sex_n be_v plentiful_a and_o fruitful_a and_o pronounce_v by_o the_o ancient_n to_o be_v the_o mother-blood_n of_o principle_n 6._o the_o seed_n be_v a_o humid_a body_n spumou_n and_o white_a generate_v from_o the_o flower_n or_o cream_n oâ—…_n the_o spirit_n elaborate_v by_o the_o insited_a force_n of_o the_o stone_n for_o generation_n sake_n 7._o hence_o it_o consist_v of_o two_o part_n of_o a_o waterish_a humidity_n and_o spirit_n 8._o the_o serous_a humidity_n be_v generate_v of_o blood_n whence_o he_o affirm_v seed_n to_o be_v a_o excrement_n of_o the_o last_o sanguineous_a aliment_n not_o in_o substance_n but_o by_o a_o profitable_a abundance_n arist._n 1_o de_fw-fr gen._n anim._n c._n 18_o 29._o 9_o the_o spiritual_a part_n c_z be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o vital_a spirit_n dilate_v by_o the_o spermatick_a artery_n to_o the_o cod_n where_o it_o be_v exquisite_o mix_v with_o blood_n and_o of_o two_o become_v one_o perfect_a body_n therefore_o the_o seed_n be_v compound_v of_o spirit_n and_o water_n 10._o maternal_a blood_n d_o or_o menstruum_fw-la another_o principle_n of_o our_o generation_n be_v a_o sanguineous_a excrement_n beget_v from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o female_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o her_o species_n 11._o it_o be_v call_v menstruous_a because_o it_o come_v monthly_a which_o nevertheless_o after_o conception_n be_v forthwith_o stop_v 12._o it_o be_v call_v a_o sanguineous_a excrement_n not_o that_o it_o be_v like_o thereunto_o or_o noxious_a in_o its_o quality_n as_o the_o neoteric_o do_v affirm_v but_o that_o it_o be_v too_o luxuriant_a in_o quantity_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v