Selected quad for the lemma: earth_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
earth_n	air_n	dry_a	water_n	3,698	5	6.8693	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A14104	A shorte and pithie discourse, concerning the engendring, tokens, and effects of all earthquakes in generall particularly applyed and conferred with that most strange and terrible worke of the Lord in shaking the earth, not only within the citie of London, but also in most partes of all Englande: vvhich hapned vpon VVensday in Easter weeke last past, which was the sixt day of April, almost at sixe a clocke in the euening, in the yeare of our Lord God. 1580. Written by T.T. the 13. of April. 1580.	Twyne, Thomas, 1543-1613.	1580 (1580)	STC 24413; ESTC S118790	14,356	23

A shorte and pithie Discourse concerning the engendring tokens and effects of all Earthquakes in Generall Particularly applyed and conferred with that most strange and terrible worke of the Lord in shaking the Earth not only within the Citie of London but also in most partes of all Englande VVhich hapned vpon VVensday in Easter weeke last past which was the sixt day of April almost at sixe a clocke in the euening in the yeare of our Lord GOD. 1580. Written by T.T. the 13. of April 1580. AT LONDON Printed by Richarde Iohnes 1580. ¶ To the right honourable my very good Lord Philip Howard Earle of Arundell c. the testimonie of a good conscience to Godward continuance of bodily health and encrease of worldly honour I Am not a little sorie Right Honourable that bearing a desirous mind of long time to present vnto your view some argumente of my good meaning towardes you the happe hath so fallē out that nothing hath yet hapned vnto me that way eyther woorthie your honourable inspection or answerable vnto my desired expectation Neuerthelesse not through negligence to omit such oportunitie as hath bin offered least I might seeme slow in perfourmance or carelesse in dutie and taking in hand by the importune motion of some freends not now to holde my pen in silence in respect of so rare matter as hath hapned of very late suche as it is so small and so slender in most humble wise I present vnto your honour My right honourable good Lorde it is a shorte discourse of all Earthquakes in generall and also my poore iudgement touching the maruellous visitation of God in the terrible Earthquake whiche was felte of late dayes amongst vs. VVhich as I acknowledge to be but extemporall and weake so do I submit it vnto the controulemente of better learned leauing vnto them both matter and libertie to iudge and write thereof much more at large And crauing at your honours hands some maner friendly enterteyning of the same if I may obteyne it I shall not onely thinke my trauell well employed but that of dutie I am farther endebted to make your honour in respect of many great vertues that rest in the same patrone of some better labour heereafter As knoweth God to whom I commend you and pray for you to your best contentmente and liking VVritten at London this thirteenth of April 1580. By him that remaineth your honours euermore at commandement T.T. ¶ A pithy discourse of the late Earthquake on vvensday in Easter weeke being the sixt of Aprill 1580. AMong the manifold sygnes and tokens wherby it hath pleased our most gratious God and mercifull Father in these the later times of the worlde and very ripenesse of our sinnes to call vs to repentaunce we may not accoumpt as least this most dreadfull daungerous Earthquake which vnto the great terrour of all good consciences befell of late vnto the Cittie of London and as I suppose to the most part of this Realme vpon wensday in Easter week which was the sixt day of Aprill 1580. about six of the clocke in the after noone Wherof to the entent so merueylous a iudgement of the Lords may be known to such as personally were not touched with the same and also so wonderfull a worke may not want it due effect where it shall be heard I am resolued by his power without whome we are able to doo nothing and by your patience to whome perhappes this knowledge may be aueyleable to set downe somwhat briefly concerning the same in wryting 2. But before we enter any further into the bare bewraying of the matter it is expedient that I discouer vnto you the causes and substaunce of euerie Earthquake which I must be fayne to borrowe from the Prophane wryters who haue most dilligently laboured in the search of naturall causes whervnto doubtlesse they could not so clearly haue atteyned without the finger of God which hath led men as well into the true contemplation of these matters as of any other knowledge And therfore following Aristotle as théefe in this behalfe wée must vnderstand that the efficient causes of an Earthquake are thrée to wyt the Sun the other sixe Planets and a spirite or breath included within the vowelles of the earth and the materiall cause one which is an Exhalation that is to say a certaine ayre breath or smoake drawne out of the earth which of nature is hot and drie 3. Thus it is not hard then to describe the engendring of an Earthquake For the earth is a drie body of it owne nature and as dayly experience teacheth it conteyneth within it great plentie of water And when it is throughly heated by the beames of the Sunne and also by bodyes of firie substaunce whereof it imbraceth many as Brimstone and such like partly by resoluing the water into ayre and partly by receyuing the lyke into the emptie hollownesse thereof it comprehendeth within it great slore of spirit and windie matter which being very subtill swyft and vehement wandereth here and there vnder the earth striking the sides therof with great force and most times causeth the earth to quake and tremble for that it séeketh issue continually to depart into it owne place 4. At somtimes therefore this spirit or Exhalation issueth wholly foorth together somtime by laboring it conceaueth fire and breaketh out in flames otherwhiles some part of it remayneth behinde and is shutte vp againe within the earth and ministreth matter for a new effect And farther as the searchers of nature haue reported of this kinde of accident the Earthquake hapneth for the most part at a calme season when as none or very small windes blowe specially in the night and at the dawning of the day for that accustomably windes vse to rise at that time or if in the day time it happen then moste at high noone the Sunne being then in greatest force and driuing downe the Exhalations into the earth 5. Moreouer the places most conuenient and likely for Earthquakes are cauernous and hollowe places where the earth is loose and false vnder foote by reason of vndermining or digging for Metal Stone Cole or such like stuff as vpon Mendeepe Newcastle and sundry other places within this Realme Also the hollow cliffes by the Sea side where the water somtime freatteth holes in the banckes causing great peeces of the earth to fall in As of late dayes it happened betwéene Douer and Folstone most gréeuously may be séene euery day in experience at the poore Towne of Whytstable in Kent And agayne the Countreis that are verye full of great Hilles and mountaines so that perhapps the vplandishe people of Wales are better acquainted with such effectes than we are as it standeth with good reason and I haue heard also some to report by tryall and knowledge 6 It chaunceth also many tymes that by reason of repressing this Exhaltation which is the materiall cause of the Earthquake within the earth there

is hearde a noyse lyke the working of the Sea a farre of whiche neuerthelesse doth not alwaies importe an Earthquake for that peraduenture the Exhalation is not sufficient in quantitie or qualytie to shake the earth but onely it belloweth or barketh at the departure as a Gun being discharged giueth the bygger or lesser crack according to the quantitie or ramminge more or lesse of the powder yet maketh some noyse when it is discharged although the powder were not of sufficient force to make the péece shake or recoyle 7. As touchinge other Accidentes that are noted ouer and aboue to accompany and follow Earthquakes one is eclipses of the Moone another Exhalatiue impressions in the ayre Whereof the one may importe some defectt of heat and then the colde byndeth vp the poares of the earth causeth the windes most times to blowe fiercely at such seasons and the other giueth a taste of the plenty of hot and drie matter which by probabilitie is concluded within y e earth wherof that was some part which appeared both which may minister great cause thervnto as is already declared And it is a thing specially and aboue all thing noted that a lyttle before and euen at the tyme of the Earthquake the Sun is darkened without a cloude which is long of the spirite that breaketh foorth which filling the ayre taketh away the bright beames of the Sun from our sight after the manner of a thin myst 8. The morning is calme and colde before an Earthquake happen by reason of the hot spirite or breath which is included within the earth and also after the Sun set the Skie is cleare for that the matter is soone dispearsed and often tymes there is seene in the Element a long narrowe clowde stretched foorth which is the forerunner of an Earthquake But to speake of some consequentes that doo followe them for the most part although God haue his speciall worke according to his good prouidence in them yet are these such as the naturall Philosophers haue obserued most often to ensue may not conueniently be omitted by me in this recitall for speciall purpose 9. Sometimes therfore after an Earthquake great sloare of water hath broken foorth of the earth as béeing driuen out by the Exhalation in so much that the Sea and other Riuers haue ouerflowed theyr banckes and procured certaine particular Dilugies or drowninges of Townes and Countreyes And many times by reason of the forcible bursting out of the spirite mightie heapes of Stones haue bene throwne out of the earth to the great admiration of the beholders The Sea lykewise hath bene séene to rage wonderfully as if it had bene moued by verie fowle weather and Ilands haue bene lyfted vp wheras were neuer any before and mayne Landes deuided where before was neuer Sea And moreouer it hath bene knowne that an Earthquake hath cōtinued the space of fortie dayes almost without intermission yea of two yéeres more or lesse about one place which hapneth by reason of the multitude of the spirite and strong resistaunce of the sides of the tauernous places wherein the spirite is conteyned 10. To be short the manner of the shaking of euerie Earthquake is of thrée sortes For eyther it shaketh towards one side and is lyke a certayne trembling or rocking this is a token of great store of y e Exhalatiō or else it lyfteth right vp in the middes letteth fall againe after the manner of the Pulse or other beating veines of y e body and this kinde shaketh more and is most daungerous and testifieth that there was much more plentie of the spirite or Exhalation lying déepe beneathe in the bottome or else it séemeth to be compoūded of them twaine and at the same instant dooth bothe rocke and lyft vp the earth together and with the diuersitie of motion dauncing as it were it ratleth and butteth the houses buyldings together yet in such sort that none falleth but the one is rather a stay vnto the other this discouereth plētie of the substance after both the sorts placed mouing 11. Yet the ende that any of these yea the best dooth bring where there is store of the matter continuance of the action and conflict betweene the conteyned the conteyning is most dreadfull quaking of the earth trēbling of houses shaking of bu●ldings amazing of the people doubt of farther harmes But where it pleaseth God that they rage with greater vehemencie there followeth farre more outragious myseries as suddein ouerthrowing of houses buildings subuersion of whole Townes Citties vnprepared death of thousandes of people somtime the vtter subuersion of whole Kingdoms Nations And this much sufficeth to be spoken of them in generall 12. Nowe therefore if by your patience it may be graūted let vs a while compare some parte of these generall tokens and Accidents with this our particular Earthquake since these for the most part as I haue sayde are in summe the obseruations of the learned in Philosophie concerning such matter and so shall wee bee the better able to discerne of this wonderfull worke of God whether it be méere naturall or no and also take the better occasion to report of euery poynt thereof according as I haue beene enformed by persons of credite For why for mine owne parte I must thus protest before the lyuing God whose matter wee haue in hande that béeing not much past a payre of Butte lengthes without the libertie barres of the Citie of London walking with honest godlye companye and to my lykyng euen at the instant of the quaking as it shoulde séeme neyther they nor I perceyued any such thing at all But the Lorde hath his prouidence and his workes are marueylous 13 But that the Sun the Planets and other Starres are the efficient cause aswell of an Earthquake as of the raysing of a Comet or any other firie impression or Meteor considering y e euident force of those heauenly bodies in daylye experience it is no meruaile For that hee which is the cause of al causes in al his works of nature hath made them his vnder Deputies remayning neuerthelesse at his checke without any absolute aucthoritie of their owne These therefore but especially the Sun because of his great heate about and since the feast of Easter last past and chiefly since Wensday and Thursday before Palme sunday in Lent might somewhat séeme to be of force to hasten the drying vp of some smal moisture Howbeit neyther the one nor the other can appeare to be of such valure in reason considering the great wet that hath fallen this winter as to consume so great plentye of water without some other naturall cause be assigned are the speciall prouision of God admitted 14. Neuerthelesse touching the plenty of water that to the generation of an Earthquake is required to be conteyned within the bowelles of the earth it cannot be denyed but there hath

eruptions of water by lande or Sea but it is certainely tolde of the strange vnquietnesse and working of the Thames at that time without enforcement of winde or weather euen vnto the hazarding of the liues of some who God be praised for it escaped in safetie But I heard none cōplayne of the thicknesse of their pump or conduit waters by which meanes Pherecydes once foretold of an Earthquake to come Ne is there any spéech of heapes of stones lately throwen out of the Earth and discouered nor of the rising of any newfound Ilands out of the Sea or fresh waters as of the two Ilands of Theron and Therea in the time of Seneca and before that of all Aegypt as graue Authours do insinuate nor yet of the drowning of any Iland or Maine as it is written of Atlantis in the Sea Atlanticum whiche Sea afterwarde for a space was turned al into mudde nor yet of maine lands rent asunder as Europe was quite torne from Asia sauing for a little necke or portion whereby they hang togither 23. But for the shortnesse of the continuance of the Earthquake we are of dutie to yéeld most hartie thankes vnto the Maiestie of our most gratious God who contrarie to the naturall custome that some Earthquakes do bring hath preserued vs from so great dread and danger The Citie of Constantinople was so wonderfully shaken with an Earthquake an whole yéere togither that the Emperour therof and all his people were constreyned to dwell abroade in the fields vnder tents and pauilions for feare their houses buildings would fall on their heads But I can not yet heare otherwise reported by any to make me coniecture that our shaking continued aboue the space of one minute which is the 60. part of an houre 24. And yet farther to follow a while mine owne probable collectiō I am induced to thinke that this quaking was not at one instant in all places wheras it was fealt but rather came by degrées and distance of time after the maner of the beating of the pulse which the Phisitions call Serratilis or Vermicularis For comming from y e East parts where it séemed to begin to rage most fiercely as with thē in Kent so procéeding to y e West it was felt at Rochester Grauesend about v. a clocke at London almost at vj. at Stanes Windsore almost halfe an hour after that so by likelyhoode it procéeded farther y t way perhaps according to y e stretching foorth of y e strange exhalatiue impression wherof I made mētion before so bended Northerly according to the proportiō of the bellie of the same 25. But to determine of the thrée sorts of quakings felt commonly at the trembling of an Earthquake and to say precisely which of them this ours should be perhaps had it pleased the Lorde to haue made me as well partaker therof in sense as doubtlesse I must be in signification I might somwhat haue cōiectured Although this Accidēt be rare I pray God may be rarer hapning scarcely with vs in an hundred yea in a thousand yéere But as I may probably gesse by others relation surely it séemed to be the mixt kind for that it was perceyued to rocke and lift vp both at one instant and yet God be thanked no houses nor buildings knowē to haue fallen which may y e better be so for that in this mixt kinde as the expert in those Sciences write the one part is a stay vnto the other 26. And although by our former reasons it may apeere that the matter of the Earthquake was but small that caused but so short a motion yet am I perswaded that the same was general vnto all England and Scotland to so to the whole Iland of Britaine with no more hurt doing I trust or rather lesse than with vs héere But where in former times and forraigne Lands it pleased God to let thē rage with greater furie there what gréeuous outragies haue ensued antient Histories make mention The Citie of Rhodes was wonderfully shaken with an horrible Earthquake Twelue antient Cities in Asia were ouerthrowen some also swallowed vp into the earth Campania and Naples in Italy were sore affrighted and molested The Citie of Basile in Germany was mightelie shaken and Castles and fortresses to the number almost of an hundred were vpon the shoare of the Rhine vtterly ouerthrowen The hugie Alpes haue trembled with the like and Rome hath not once nor twice assayed and escaped that danger 27. Indéede the suddainesse and strangenesse of the thing was such that it tooke diuers men in diuers actions and brought them into sundrie considerations of the matter Some doubtlesse at their prayers and hearing godly Sermons whome as men it must needes amaze or bring into a muse Some at the Tauerne and vpon their Alebench and therefore might well suspect that it was long of their liquour Some in earnest conference of worldly affaires and so peraduenture they tooke small or no regard at all of it Some in ydlenesse alone and those of likelyhoode it might sorely abash Some at game and therefore not muche moued Some at common Playes who as I vnderstand were horribly troubled Some in wanton talke and disport whom it might well affright Some perhappes worse occupied whome I would counsell to be more carefull of the Lordes suddaine visitation Some fast a sléepe and therefore senselesse and some walking the stréetes and fields or caried on Horsebacke or in Couches and therefore not able to discerne of any such matter 28. Some that were aboue in their Chambers iudged that some violence had bin done to their houses beneath Some that remained below foūd fault with tumbling and trampling aboue Some imputed the ratling of wainescots to Rattes and Wéesels the shaking of the beddes tables and stooles to Dogges the quaking of their walles to their neyghbours rushing on the tother side And as their opinions were sundrie so were their spéeches therupon diuerse vntill a common conference beeing had they were resolued vpon their common case daunger For many not trusting to their own iudgement and partly also mooued with feare ran out into the streetes to know if the like had hapned vnto others 29. I am assuredly enformed that aswell elsewhere as in London the very shakinge caused the Belles in some Stéeples to knoll a stroake or twaine The toppes of halfe a dozen chimnies in London were cast down many stone workes and buildinges for that they would not yéeld are shrewdly shaken And to ad also the most gréeuous chance of all I trust that haue yet happened or by Gods grace are like to be heard of Alacke therewhile was y e fore hurting of two poore Children by the fall of a stone from the roufe of Christes Hospitall Church in London wherof the one béeinge a Boy of the yeares of sixteene was slaine presently and the other béeinge a Girle about the same age

dwell in the vttermost partes of the Sea or couer our selues in the darkenesse for light and darkenesse are all one before him 37. To conclude I would wish that men liued not altogeather in securitie as though it were no straunge thing that had hapned But first that they remayned in assurance of Gods good will if they bee thankefull as well for the frée gifte of his liuely worde and Gospell as for the life reigne and welfare of our naturall Soueraigne Quéene Elizabeth whose dayes the Lorde for his mercy continue longe time ouer vs in all happinesse Secondly I would exhort that Sermons were diligently resorted vnto and publique prayers made for all persons specially for our vertuous Prince as S. Paule willeth vs her honourable Counsell Bishops Nobilitie all Magistrates and the whole Clergie Thirdly I counsell that there bée speciall care had vnto bodily health chéefely béeinge now the most seasonable time of the yeare wherin the Phisitions counsel may be taken and presently executed for the auoyding of farther perill impendinge And last of all vnder God I assure vs that if we liue in his feare and in the loue of his worde and in duetifulnesse to our good Quéene and in loyaltie to our Countrey and in charity one with another wee shall not neede to feare the force of any forraine foes nor the terrour of any Earthquake nor the infection of any pestilence nor stande in dread of any thing that the enemy can deuise against vs but the Lorde abidinge alwayes on our side surely there is nothinge shall or can hurt vs. Which hee graunt for his mercie sake to whom bee all honour and glory now and euer more Amen Reuelation Cap. 22.20 and 16.15 Come Lord Iesus I come quickly Behold I come as a theefe Happie is hee that watcheth and keepeth his garments least he walke naked and men see his filthinesse FINIS Yea and out of y e Realme to in some Countreys lying Easterly Causes and substance of Earthquakes as they be naturally assygned Howe Earthquakes are ingendred Earthquakes comōly happen at night or in the morning Wales acquainted with particular Earthquakes Eclipses of the Moone import defect of heat Some report that they sawe this Clowd although it were not generally marked Straunge effectes of Earthquakes Earthquakes shake in three sorts The best kinde is bad enough A conferēce of al the tokens aforesayde with our Earthquake God worketh euermore by second causes vnlesse hee worke myracles whiche are against the common course of nature Matter left for another Earthquak vnlesse the Lords mercie be greater Some say that the earth was shaken againe at midnight following These are the causes of their hot bathes and medicinable waters in those Coūtreyes The situation of the cittie of Lōdo in a most rytch pleasaunt and fertyle Leauell In Eclipse of the Moone the last of Janu. 1580. Of the straunge exhalation seene in the aire the 5. of March 1580. The pre●age of this Erthquake by the Authour The Sun darkened at the instant of the Erthquake Pherecydes The Ilāds Theron Therea and Aegypt cast vp by Erthquakes out of the Sea The Iland Atlantis drowned by an Earthquake The Citie of Constantinople shaken with an Erthquake Doubtlesse the reportes shew this to be true Earthequakes God be thāked rare in England This Erthquake at the least generall to all Britaine Rhodes xii Citties in Asia Cāpania Naples Basil Castles almost an hundred the Alpes and Rome some shaken some ouerthrowen with Earthquakes Happy are they whom the Lorde shall finde weldooing Coniectures of those thinges that happen most commonly Belles knowling alone Two children sore hurt wherof one died presently This Erthquake not altogither naturall The Angel of the Lord thought to passe by in visitation The corruption of metals able to infect man beast and foule A comfortable coniecture of the Lords mercie and loue towards vs Conscientia mille teste● The Eirle died the Munday after being the eleuenth of April Goddes iudgements already begun All people exhorted to amend their excesses Iudas and Iulian great Maisters to Traytours and Atheistes Augustus Caesars den againste thunder and lightning Unto them that liue in the feare of God all things happen for the best