cord_n or_o rope_n with_o wooden_a step_n like_o enter_v poop_n ladder_n in_o ship_n have_v a_o iron_n grapnell_n to_o throw_v over_o the_o wall_n to_o hold_v fast_o on_o the_o vawnure_n or_o paraper_n chap._n lxx_o of_o the_o gunner_n service_n in_o general_n now_o forasmuch_o as_o ordnance_n be_v engine_n of_o force_n reason_n weight_n and_o measure_n and_o the_o gunner_n man_n exercise_v and_o experience_v in_o they_o and_o their_o apurtenance_n in_o make_v plat_n form_n with_o defence_n tronier_n gabbion_n loop_n parapet_n of_o earth_n and_o faggot_n about_o 23_o or_o 24_o foot_n high_a of_o faggot_n 2_o foot_n high_a of_o earth_n bed_n upon_o bed_n unto_o eleven_o foot_n high_a and_o after_o 3_o foot_n of_o terraplene_n to_o raise_v the_o tronier_n and_o loop_n so_o that_o for_o the_o cannon_n it_o be_v 3_o foot_n wide_a in_o the_o barb_n within_o and_o 12_o foot_n wide_a without_o the_o low_a part_n thereof_o to_o descend_v scarpwise_o the_o better_a to_o discover_v the_o enemy_n avenewe_n and_o offend_v they_o the_o more_o free_o for_o avoid_v the_o blast_n and_o smoke_n and_o ruin_n it_o will_v else_o make_v for_o the_o culvering_n 2_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a within_o and_z 9_o foot_n without_o will_v suffice_v and_o for_o less_o piece_n less_o measure_n if_o the_o battery_n be_v to_o be_v make_v with_o gabbions_n they_o be_v fill_v with_o earth_n without_o stone_n moistened_a and_o ram_v 7_o foot_n a_o piece_n in_o dyametre_n 3_o rank_n between_o each_o 2_o piece_n if_o the_o place_n will_v permit_v or_o 2_o at_o the_o least_o and_o 3_o row_n also_o one_o before_o another_o set_v one_o between_o two_o so_o if_o the_o first_o rank_n have_v 3_o the_o second_o will_v have_v 2_o and_o the_o three_o one_o but_o it_o will_v be_v hard_a to_o make_v a_o safe_a battery_n with_o gabbions_n cannon_n or_o culvering_a proof_n and_o each_o platform_n be_v to_o have_v 30_o foot_n for_o the_o reverse_a of_o the_o cannon_n and_o 27_o foot_n for_o the_o demi-canon_n he_o ought_v to_o see_v that_o it_o be_v level_v or_o rise_v 1_o foot_n for_o 20_o backward_o the_o better_a to_o stay_v the_o reverse_a &_o facillite_fw-la the_o bring_v the_o piece_n be_v load_v to_o the_o loope_n he_o ought_v to_o search_v and_o examine_v the_o goodness_n of_o the_o piece_n their_o ladle_n rammer_n sponge_n and_o tampion_n fitness_n and_o roundness_n of_o the_o shot_n force_n and_o goodness_n of_o the_o powder_n and_o match_n and_o to_o see_v all_o fit_v according_o and_o to_o place_v the_o powder_n covert_o hide_v safe_a from_o the_o fire_n of_o his_o own_o as_o also_o of_o the_o enemy_n ordnance_n to_o see_v the_o gunner_n take_v their_o mark_n towards_o the_o under_o part_n give_v each_o under_o gunner_n his_o charge_n in_o platform_n the_o first_o plank_n next_o the_o barb_n shall_v be_v 9_o foot_n long_o the_o second_o 9_o and_o a_o half_a the_o three_o 10_o etc._n etc._n every_o plank_n increase_a half_n a_o foot_n to_o spread_v for_o the_o reverse_n as_o may_v be_v see_v at_o the_o first_o figure_n at_o β._n chap._n lxxi_o of_o the_o difference_n of_o our_o english_a measure_n in_o foot_n and_o inch_n from_o the_o measure_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o also_o of_o the_o difference_n of_o pound_n and_o hundred_o almost_o all_o country_n agree_v in_o this_o that_o 12_o inch_n make_v a_o foot_n but_o the_o length_n of_o their_o several_a inch_n do_v common_o so_o much_o differ_v from_o one_o another_o as_o whatsoever_o they_o speak_v or_o write_v of_o measure_n in_o foot_n and_o inch_n must_v not_o without_o reducement_n be_v understand_v to_o agree_v with_o our_o english_a foot_n and_o inch_n of_o assize_n as_o the_o discourse_n and_o table_n follow_v will_v make_v plain_a whereby_o it_o will_v appear_v how_o little_a foreign_a translation_n without_o diligent_a and_o exact_a reduction_n when_o they_o discourse_v of_o pace_n yard_n foot_n inch_n or_o other_o measure_n write_v they_o never_o so_o well_o and_o true_o of_o their_o own_o can_v avail_v us._n for_o three_o inch_n at_o vienna_n be_v 3_o and_o â—_o 10_o of_o our_o english_a inch_n and_o 3_o inch_n at_o venice_n contain_v 3_o â—_o 10_o of_o english_a inch_n two_o grecian_a inch_n be_v 3_o english_a they_o have_v 8_o inch_n in_o our_o foot_n so_o their_o foot_n be_v equal_a with_o the_o english_a foot_n of_o assize_n the_o foot_n in_o bavaria_n want_v 4_o 5_o of_o our_o inch_n of_o the_o english_a foot_n the_o foot_n of_o antwerp_n be_v 6_o 10_o of_o our_o inch_n short_a than_o the_o english_a foot_n the_o foot_n of_o ferrara_n be_v 15_o 9_o 10_o of_o our_o english_a inch_n the_o french_a foot_n de_fw-fr roy_fw-fr be_v one_o foot_n and_o 4_o 10_o of_o a_o inch_n english_a the_o tuscan_a brace_n be_v 23_o english_a inch_n the_o florentine_a brace_n be_v 22_o and_o a_o half_a of_o english_a inch_n the_o bressian_a brace_n be_v 17_o 4_o 10_o of_o english_a inch_n the_o can_n of_o naples_n make_v 20_o english_a inch_n the_o can_n of_o rome_n make_v 22_o english_a inch_n the_o milan_n brace_n make_v 23_o english_a inch_n the_o loraigne_a foot_n be_v 11_o â…–_n of_o our_o english_a inch_n whereby_o each_o man_n may_v judge_v how_o much_o confusion_n will_v have_v grow_v to_o the_o reader_n that_o shall_v have_v read_v a_o french_a italian_a german_n or_o spanish_a author_n and_o have_v no_o mean_n to_o understand_v that_o there_o be_v any_o difference_n in_o length_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o one_o same_o name_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o weight_v use_v of_o several_a nation_n which_o with_o the_o former_a of_o measure_n will_v not_o only_o have_v a_o double_a error_n dangerous_a for_o practice_v but_o also_o confound_v the_o reader_n that_o suspect_v no_o such_o thing_n the_o pound_n troy_n be_v about_o 1_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_o light_a than_o the_o pound_n auerdepoyze_v yet_o the_o ounce_n troy_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o ounce_n auerdepoyze_v because_o troy_n have_v but_o 12_o ounce_n whereas_o auerdepoyze_n have_v 16_o ounce_n in_o the_o pound_n the_o kintall_n of_o biscay_n 150_o l._n be_v but_o 124_o l._n english_a and_o the_o great_a kintall_n of_o portugal_n 128_o l._n english_a the_o lesser_a kintall_n be_v 112_o l._n english_a the_o hundred_o subtle_a or_o small_a hundred_o be_v 100_o l._n the_o great_a hundred_o be_v 112_o l._n one_o pound_n troy_n weight_n be_v 13_o ounce_n 4_o d._n weight_n 19_o gr_n ½_n of_o a_o grain_n of_o the_o haverdepoyze_n weight_n by_o these_o be_v all_o their_o ordnance_n and_o munition_n weigh_v but_o in_o several_a country_n they_o differ_v as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o m._n record_n book_n of_o arithmetic_n call_v i_o be_v ground_n of_o art_n whereby_o the_o reader_n may_v judge_v how_o necessary_a these_o difference_n be_v to_o be_v know_v and_o that_o reduction_n shall_v be_v due_o make_v lest_o confusion_n follow_v chap._n lxxii_o of_o the_o make_n of_o salpeter_n whether_o it_o be_v naturallor_n artificial_a salpetre_n be_v a_o body_n of_o air_n transform_v into_o earth_n apt_a by_o moisture_n to_o be_v dissolve_v and_o by_o fire_n to_o be_v resolve_v unto_o his_o first_o state_n air_n be_v a_o airy_a substance_n fix_v in_o dry_a earth_n dissolve_v by_o water_n and_o concoct_v by_o heat_n into_o a_o solid_a substance_n and_o accept_v the_o rich_a mine_n of_o prince_n in_o this_o warlike_a age_n and_o by_o philosopher_n account_v a_o quintessence_n of_o quality_n participate_v of_o all_o and_o yet_o simple_o no_v one_o of_o they_o for_o be_v sharp_a and_o salt_n in_o taste_n hot_a and_o dry_a it_o enjoy_v the_o quality_n of_o fire_n and_o be_v also_o hot_a and_o moist_a easy_o dissolve_v into_o water_n and_o by_o fire_n tesolue_v into_o air_n appear_v to_o be_v air_n itself_o and_o be_v white_a and_o clear_a cool_v warm_a wine_n in_o hot_a weather_n be_v dissolve_v and_o a_o vessel_n therewith_o put_v therein_o it_o approach_v near_o water_n cold_a and_o moist_a and_o be_v it_o will_v bruise_v and_o be_v bring_v or_o be_v melt_v into_o a_o hard_a stone_n it_o be_v also_o cold_a and_o dry_a of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o earth_n enjoy_v all_o the_o quality_n and_o a_o convertible_a to_o all_o the_o element_n it_o so_o become_v as_o they_o say_v a_o quinta_fw-la essentia_fw-la salpetre_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n namely_o artificial_a and_o natural_a the_o natural_a salpetre_n be_v that_o which_o grow_v in_o continue_a mine_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o upon_o rock_n or_o in_o vault_n on_o wall_n and_o by_o nature_n work_n become_v perfect_a salpetre_n whereof_o the_o store_n be_v to_o small_a too_o depend_v upon_o the_o artificial_a salpetre_n though_o natural_o grow_v also_o require_v the_o help_n of_o art_n to_o bring_v it_o into_o true_a and_o perfect_a petre_n and_o be_v
demand_v 3_o that_o the_o piece_n give_v to_o be_v prepare_v have_v she_o ordinary_a carriage_n and_o platform_n give_v so_o right_a and_o due_o fit_v as_o will_v neither_o cause_n nor_o suffer_v the_o piece_n deliver_v and_o reverse_v to_o start_v from_o the_o level_a or_o direction_n give_v demand_v 4._o that_o the_o shot_n keep_v his_o course_n so_o from_o his_o due_a rest_a place_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o piece_n unto_o the_o point_v blank_a or_o end_n of_o the_o right_n range_v thereof_o so_o as_o that_o the_o centre_n of_o it_o be_v always_o in_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o boar_n suppose_v infinite_o to_o proceed_v without_o any_o sensible_a declination_n from_o the_o same_o the_o faid_n bear_v be_v part_n of_o the_o way_n of_o the_o say_v shoot_v and_o the_o direct_a of_o theresidue_n of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o same_o demand_v 5._o that_o the_o point_v blank_a or_o right_a line_n or_o range_v be_v that_o point_n in_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o boar_n imagine_v to_o proceed_v and_o be_v infinite_o continue_v unto_o that_o place_n where_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o shot_n shall_v in_o his_o course_n sensible_o begin_v to_o decline_v from_o the_o say_v continue_v imagine_v axis_n downward_o demand_v 6._o that_o the_o visible_a right_a line_n make_v or_o imagine_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o breech_n of_o the_o piece_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o same_o upon_o the_o high_a ring_n or_o supersicies_n of_o the_o mettle_n she_o lie_v on_o her_o catiage_n and_o platform_n be_v call_v the_o middle_a line_n of_o the_o piece_n demand_v 7._o that_o the_o visible_a right_a line_n make_v or_o imagine_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o breech_n to_o the_o mouth_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o mettle_n vertical_o over_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o boar_n of_o the_o same_o piece_n she_o lie_v upon_o her_o carriage_n and_o platform_n give_v be_v call_v the_o large_a line_n of_o that_o piece_n demand_v 8._o that_o the_o short_a distance_n between_o the_o vertical_a plane_n of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o piece_n and_o the_o vertical_a plane_n of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o soul_n or_o boar_n of_o the_o same_o piece_n take_v upon_o the_o baseringe_v at_o the_o breech_n thereof_o for_o the_o carriage_n piece_n and_o platform_n give_v be_v call_v the_o large_a of_o that_o piece_n maxim_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n necessary_a to_o be_v first_o know_v 1_o every_o motion_n in_o the_o world_n end_v in_o repose_n 2_o all_o motion_n be_v make_v upon_o some_o quantity_n 3._o every_o simple_a body_n be_v either_o rare_a and_o light_a or_o else_o thick_a and_o heavy_a and_o according_a to_o these_o difference_n it_o be_v natural_o carry_v towards_o some_o part_n 4_o the_o world_n have_v high_a or_o upward_o and_o low_a or_o downward_o and_o the_o low_a depend_v upon_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o high_a 5_o the_o rare_a body_n mount_v the_o fire_n more_o than_o the_o air_n the_o thick_a and_o gross_a body_n descend_v the_o earth_n more_o than_o the_o water_n 6_o the_o light_a be_v more_o movable_a than_o the_o heavy_a 7_o nothing_o work_v natural_o in_o that_o which_o be_v whole_o like_a or_o whole_o dislike_v but_o in_o that_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o it_o and_o more_o feeble_a 8_o the_o form_n work_v be_v aid_v by_o the_o quality_n as_o the_o matter_n suffer_v which_o suffer_v by_o the_o quantity_n 9_o nature_n be_v extreme_o curious_a as_o well_o of_o her_o perfection_n as_o of_o her_o conservation_n and_o then_o when_o all_o thing_n conspire_v 10_o aswell_o the_o action_n that_o come_v from_o the_o agent_n as_o the_o passion_n from_o the_o patienthath_n proportion_n 11_o accident_n take_v his_o unity_n from_o the_o subject_n and_o go_v not_o from_o one_o thing_n to_o another_o theorem_fw-la 1._o every_o corporal_a thing_n repose_v in_o its_o natural_a place_n light_n body_n 〈◊〉_d towards_o the_o heaven_n upward_o and_o heavy_a body_n towards_o the_o earth_n centre_n downward_o each_o body_n be_v light_a or_o heavy_a if_o it_o be_v heavy_a it_o will_v then_o move_v downward_o if_o light_n upward_o now_o the_o circular_a motion_n be_v neither_o upward_o or_o downward_o therefore_o no_o motion_n can_v be_v circular_a but_o by_o violence_n theor._n 2._o motion_n may_v be_v make_v in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o moon_n orb_n every_o thing_n that_o be_v within_o the_o lunar_a orb_n may_v make_v motion_n or_o change_n theor._n 3_o before_o any_o thing_n move_v towards_o its_o natural_a place_n from_o its_o first_o be_v it_o go_v stretch_v unto_o the_o natural_a measure_n neither_o augmentation_n nor_o diminution_n be_v make_v but_o only_o by_o change_v of_o the_o quality_n or_o form_n for_o the_o quality_n alone_a incontinent_o follow_v new_a generation_n do_v cause_n either_o stretch_v or_o shrink_v and_o true_a it_o be_v that_o in_o such_o mooving_n as_o tend_v unto_o the_o entire_a ruin_n of_o the_o form_n the_o just_a dimension_n be_v not_o find_v to_o be_v but_o either_o great_a or_o lesser_a according_a to_o the_o quantity_n agitate_v most_o forcible_o therein_o and_o so_o it_o move_v most_o violent_a and_o long_a theor._n 4._o nature_n admit_v no_o emptynesse_n nature_n pursue_v and_o entertain_v perfection_n as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a now_o the_o perfection_n of_o motion_n be_v the_o end_n thereof_o namely_o the_o repose_n that_o the_o simple_a body_n will_v find_v either_o upward_o or_o downward_o in_o all_o place_n therefore_o in_o the_o elementary_a universe_n they_o affect_v their_o repose_n either_o upward_o or_o downward_o so_o there_o be_v not_o by_o nature_n any_o such_o thing_n as_o vacuity_n for_o the_o avoid_v of_o which_o nature_n make_v heavy_a thing_n mount_v and_o light_a thing_n descend_v whereby_o marvelous_a thing_n be_v perform_v as_o we_o may_v see_v by_o our_o pump_n which_o make_v water_n ascend_v as_o high_a as_o the_o cloud_n and_o by_o the_o spirituall_n the_o air_n be_v retain_v beneath_o and_o diverse_a other_o effect_n seem_v so_o miraculous_a to_o such_o as_o see_v they_o as_o they_o cause_v they_o to_o wonder_v thereat_o for_o whence_o come_v it_o that_o a_o vessel_n of_o marble_n fill_v with_o water_n when_o the_o water_n come_v to_o be_v freeze_v into_o you_o that_o it_o break_v the_o same_o though_o a_o foot_n thick_a but_o that_o the_o water_n thickn_v thereby_o and_o so_o break_v the_o volume_n of_o the_o ordinary_a quantity_n thereof_o the_o cause_n precead_v the_o effect_n follow_v so_o also_o a_o narrow_a neck_a bottle_n fill_v with_o liquor_n and_o turn_v the_o bottom_n upward_o yet_o retain_v the_o liquor_n from_o run_v out_o because_o air_n can_v enter_v therein_o to_o fill_v the_o place_n whereupon_o we_o may_v judge_v that_o the_o law_n of_o fullness_n be_v more_o general_a and_o precede_v that_o of_o the_o move_a of_o simple_a body_n theor._n 5._o every_o body_n have_v a_o place_n a_o point_n which_o can_v be_v mark_v in_o essence_n not_o have_v any_o part_n be_v no_o body_n and_o therefore_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o hypothesis_n but_o a_o body_n have_v place_n of_o dimension_n so_o if_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o body_n which_o approach_v on_o all_o side_n and_o touch_v every_o where_o tie_v the_o superficies_n to_o close_v the_o body_n it_o be_v then_o in_o such_o a_o place_n as_o have_v the_o very_a same_o dimension_n within_o that_o the_o body_n have_v without_o or_o else_o there_o must_v be_v emptiness_n which_o by_o the_o precedent_n be_v absurd_a theor._n 6._o a_o body_n rarify_n its_o self_n the_o place_n thereof_o increase_v as_o the_o body_n increase_v as_o a_o body_n of_o earth_n that_o then_o contain_v one_o solid_a foot_n in_o measure_n be_v make_v water_n which_o add_v thereto_o one_o other_o solid_a foot_n the_o place_n also_o must_v increase_v from_o one_o to_o two_o solid_a foot_n or_o else_o it_o have_v not_o the_o same_o just_a dimension_n within_o that_o the_o body_n have_v without_o and_o so_o it_o be_v not_o the_o place_n of_o that_o body_n of_o water_n so_o if_o the_o place_n also_o be_v great_a than_o the_o body_n fill_v there_o must_v in_o that_o place_n be_v emptiness_n between_o it_o and_o the_o body_n which_o be_v absurd_a therefore_o the_o place_n increase_v as_o the_o body_n ratify_v do_v theor._n 7._o two_o body_n can_v be_v together_o in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o place_n if_o several_a body_n can_v be_v together_o all_o the_o member_n of_o one_o same_o body_n may_v also_o have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o place_n and_o each_o part_n may_v one_o fall_v into_o the_o range_n of_o the_o other_o which_o be_v to_o take_v away_o from_o the_o quantity_n the_o true_a nature_n thereof_o and_o which_o by_o its_o essential_a property_n set_v out_o the_o part_n several_o one_o from_o another_o nevertheless_o that_o some_o sleight_n appearance_n have_v seem_v to_o yield_v
find_v in_o so_o many_o place_n as_o in_o loame-floore_n mud-wall_n seller_n dove_n coat_n stale_n sta_n les_fw-fr and_o such_o like_a place_n whereas_o the_o rain_n can_v come_v to_o dissolve_v nor_o the_o sun_n to_o dissolve_v the_o air_n substance_n fix_v and_o grow_v therein_o that_o with_o labour_n and_o industry_n with_o art_n help_v to_o cause_v abundant_a procreation_n sufficient_a store_n may_v be_v provide_v and_o artificial_o make_v thereby_o in_o this_o manner_n first_o for_o choice_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o find_v it_o whether_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o petre_n be_v therein_o or_o not_o observe_v this_o pare_v the_o floores_n and_o dig_v 3_o or_o 4_o inch_n deep_a therein_o if_o you_o find_v the_o earth_n full_a of_o white_a and_o yellow_a speck_n and_o that_o have_v put_v a_o little_a thereof_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o your_o tongue_n if_o it_o yield_v a_o airy_a bite_n or_o sharp_a tindge_n thereon_o the_o earth_n be_v good_a and_o will_v be_v rich_a and_o yield_v store_n according_a to_o the_o more_o bite_a or_o tindge_v taste_n thereof_o then_o dig_v that_o floor_n so_o deep_a as_o you_o find_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v good_a which_o in_o some_o place_n will_v be_v a_o yard_n and_o in_o other_o not_o a_o foot_n deep_a under_o the_o upper_a floor_n make_v the_o earth_n somewhat_o small_a and_o put_v it_o into_o half_a tub_n loose_v have_v a_o taphole_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o each_o which_o stop_v with_o a_o staff_n and_o cover_n with_o a_o wisp_n that_o the_o earth_n run_v not_o out_o when_o the_o liquor_n drain_v then_o fill_v the_o say_v half_a tub_n with_o water_n a_o handful_n high_o than_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o let_v it_o stand_v in_o soak_v 24_o hour_n and_o then_o draw_v out_o the_o staff_n or_o peg_n a_o little_a that_o the_o water_n may_v drop_v and_o drayne_v out_o thereby_o into_o another_o half_a tub_n that_o must_v be_v set_v under_o it_o of_o purpose_n to_o receive_v the_o liquor_n which_o liquor_n keep_v and_o lay_v the_o earth_n upon_o the_o floor_n which_o in_o six_o or_o seven_o year_n will_v again_o breed_v as_o much_o more_o petre_n therein_o and_o in_o some_o floor_n especial_o with_o help_n in_o far_o less_o space_n when_o you_o have_v collect_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o such_o salpetre_n liquor_n unless_o you_o have_v mother_n liquor_n you_o must_v of_o some_o of_o it_o make_v the_o mother_n thus_o boil_v your_o salpetre_n liquor_n in_o a_o cauldron_n and_o scum_n it_o which_o scum_n reserve_v until_o the_o liquor_n be_v prove_v with_o a_o knife_n be_v find_v ready_a to_o congeal_v then_o take_v off_o or_o else_o put_v 8_o or_o 9_o time_n as_o much_o salpetre_n liquor_n thereunto_o and_o have_v make_v the_o scum_n rise_v and_o take_v it_o off_o and_o reserve_v it_o let_v it_o boil_v a_o fret_n until_o the_o liquor_n be_v again_o able_a to_o congeal_v which_o if_o it_o prove_v too_o tender_a it_o be_v a_o sign_n it_o be_v no_o boil_a enough_o and_o if_o it_o be_v too_o hard_a then_o that_o it_o be_v burn_v too_o much_o and_o must_v for_o the_o first_o be_v more_o boil_a and_o for_o the_o latter_a recover_v with_o more_o salpetre_n liquor_n and_o renew_v the_o work_n but_o be_v find_v indifferent_o between_o both_o take_v it_o from_o the_o fire_n and_o put_v it_o into_o half_a tub_n wherein_o good_a wood_n ash_n be_v place_v upon_o a_o lay_n of_o straw_n upon_o faggot_n stick_v or_o lath_n in_o the_o bottom_n thereof_o and_o let_v the_o liquor_n drayne_n through_o the_o same_o and_o put_v it_o into_o cooler_n or_o brass_n shallow_a pan_n to_o congeal_v and_o let_v it_o stand_v in_o a_o cool_a room_n where_o in_o two_o or_o 3_o day_n it_o will_v shoot_v out_o like_o you_o sickle_n and_o keep_v that_o for_o roch_n petre_n and_o the_o liquor_n that_o will_v not_o congeal_v keep_v for_o mother_n to_o work_v a_o new_a for_o more_o as_o before_o and_o this_o be_v the_o order_n to_o make_v artificial_a salpetre_n and_o the_o scum_n that_o rise_v in_o the_o boil_a mix_v with_o water_n and_o sprinkle_v upon_o floores_n will_n exceed_o procreate_v salpetre_n in_o short_a time_n to_o collect_v salpetre_n that_o natural_o breed_v on_o wall_n on_o cave_n in_o t_o e_o ground_n or_o in_o vault_n gather_v the_o petre_n together_o and_o add_v thereto_o ¼_n of_o quick_a lyme_n and_o ash_n and_o put_v they_o into_o a_o half_a tub_n with_o a_o hole_n to_o drayne_v out_o water_n then_o put_v in_o warm_a water_n and_o let_v it_o so_o stand_v until_o the_o petre_n be_v dissolve_v then_o let_v it_o drayne_v out_o at_o the_o hole_n by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o filter_n it_o if_o need_v be_v if_o it_o come_v not_o clear_a enough_o and_o then_o boil_v it_o until_o it_o will_v congeal_v as_o aforesaid_a to_o refine_v salpette_n wet_a take_v what_o quantity_n of_o salpetre_n you_o please_v and_o put_v the_o same_o into_o a_o clean_a cauldron_n and_o put_v thereto_o a_o little_a fair_a water_n and_o boil_v they_o together_o until_o it_o raise_v the_o scum_n which_o take_v off_o and_o keep_v and_o let_v it_o congeal_v and_o shoot_v in_o cooler_n as_o at_o first_o it_o do_v and_o what_o remain_v boil_v again_o with_o more_o clear_a water_n until_o it_o congeal_v to_o know_v if_o salpetre_n be_v well_o refine_v take_v of_o it_o lay_v it_o on_o a_o board_n and_o put_v a_o coal_n to_o it_o if_o it_o raise_v a_o azure_a scum_n it_o be_v yet_o greasy_a if_o it_o leave_v pearl_n it_o be_v yet_o earthy_a but_o if_o it_o burn_v into_o the_o board_n and_o leave_v nothing_o but_o a_o black_a colour_n and_o rise_v with_o a_o long_o flame_v ventosity_n and_o exhalation_n it_o be_v well_o refine_a of_o gunpowder_n and_o to_o make_v the_o usual_a sort_n thereof_o forasmuch_o as_o powder_n be_v the_o base_a and_o foundation_n of_o all_o fire-engin_n therefore_o i_o will_v show_v his_o preparation_n there_o be_v ordinary_o three_o sort_n of_o powder_n make_v whereof_o one_o serve_v for_o bird_v and_o fowl_v which_o be_v quick_a be_v 7_o or_o 8_o of_o petre_n for_o one_o of_o coal_n and_o of_o brimstone_n the_o second_o for_o musket_n and_o pistol_n call_v fine_a powder_n which_o be_v 5_o or_o 6_o of_o petre_n for_o one_o of_o coal_n and_o one_o of_o brimstone_n the_o three_o called_z ordnance_z powder_n be_v of_o 4_o or_o 5_o of_o petre_n for_o one_o of_o coal_n and_o sulphur_n but_o for_o service_n there_o be_v but_o two_o namely_o ordnance_n powder_n and_o fine_a powder_n there_o be_v infinite_a receipt_n for_o make_v of_o powder_n but_o most_o state_n have_v enjoin_v a_o certain_a proportion_n among_o themselves_o although_o much_o different_a one_o from_o another_o wherefore_o no_o certainty_n can_v be_v herein_o general_o conclude_v but_o every_o man_n must_v practice_v for_o his_o experience_n only_o a_o word_n or_o two_o i_o will_v say_v thereof_o namely_o that_o before_o the_o receipt_n assign_v be_v compound_v it_o be_v requisite_a for_o make_v of_o good_a powder_n to_o refine_v the_o petre_n to_o purge_v the_o sulphur_n and_o to_o choose_v good_a coal_n make_v either_o of_o hazle_n alder_n willow_n or_o birch_n wood_n without_o bark_n or_o knot_n therein_o be_v well_o burn_v and_o then_o to_o work_v those_o three_o material_n well_o together_o for_o therein_o consist_v a_o great_a difference_n of_o force_n by_o the_o difference_n in_o work_v of_o they_o than_o be_v credible_a without_o experience_n it_o be_v to_o be_v wrought_v together_o by_o a_o horsemill_n or_o water-mill_n or_o in_o a_o mortar_n with_o pestle_n the_o material_n keep_v moist_a the_o composition_n of_o cornepowder_n five_o pound_n of_o salpetre_n one_o pound_n of_o coal_n and_o one_o pound_n of_o brimstone_n five_o pound_n of_o salpetre_n very_o well_o refine_v as_o afore_o be_v show_v 1_o l._n of_o willow_n or_o alder_a coal_n well_o burn_v and_o of_o sulphur_n well_o purge_v 12_o ounce_n or_o of_o six_o l._n of_o salpetre_n sulphur_n and_o coal_n of_o each_o one_o l._n or_o of_o salpetre_n 7_o l._n sulphur_n prepare_v with_o quicksilver_n as_o we_o have_v also_o show_v before_o or_o floores_n of_o sulphur_n one_o pound_n &_o coal_n of_o hazle_n half_a a_o l._n or_o if_o you_o mingle_v as_o much_o quick_a lime_n in_o powder_n as_o sulphur_n you_o shall_v make_v powder_n that_o the_o moisture_n shall_v not_o impeach_v take_v of_o fire_n now_o see_v that_o it_o will_v be_v to_o little_a purpose_n to_o show_v the_o composition_n unless_o we_o also_o show_v the_o manner_n of_o make_v thereof_o which_o though_o the_o variety_n both_o in_o compose_v and_o make_v be_v many_o tend_v all_o to_o one_o same_o end_n we_o will_v therefore_o show_v one_o reasonable_a way_n for_o small_a quantity_n first_o put_v your_o composition_n into_o a_o brazen_a mortar_n or_o of_o
with_o the_o material_n of_o powder_n and_o ordnance_n other_o affirm_v that_o a_o monk_n of_o germany_n name_v barthold_n shewart_n otherwise_o call_v the_o black_a upon_o a_o cettatne_n time_n not_o think_v upon_o powder_n or_o ordnance_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1300_o have_v in_o his_o mortar_n a_o mixture_n of_o sulphur_n and_o niter_fw-la for_o another_o use_n by_o chance_n a_o coal_n of_o fire_n fall_v into_o the_o same_o cause_v it_o so_o to_o rarify_v and_o blow_v itself_o away_o that_o he_o be_v therewith_o astonish_v search_v into_o the_o cause_n thereof_o &_o upon_o further_a trial_n he_o find_v that_o the_o hot_a and_o dry_a quality_n of_o the_o sulphur_n be_v with_o coal_n and_o moisture_n combine_v and_o wrought_v together_o with_o the_o cold_a and_o moist_a quality_n of_o the_o nyter_n be_v apt_a by_o force_n to_o be_v sudden_o unlose_v with_o great_a rarefaction_n whereby_o by_o little_a and_o little_o he_o bring_v that_o unhappy_a invention_n of_o gunpowder_n and_o gun_n to_o perfection_n to_o make_v use_n thereof_o in_o war_n which_o he_o reveal_v in_o short_a space_n make_v it_o common_a beraldus_n say_v that_o at_o the_o first_o invention_n of_o ordnance_n they_o be_v all_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o bombard_n a_o word_n compound_v of_o the_o verb_n bombe_n which_o signify_v to_o sound_n and_o of_o ardco_fw-la to_o burn_v and_o they_o that_o use_v they_o they_o call_v bombardier_n which_o name_n be_v yet_o partly_o retain_v after_o which_o as_o bertholdus_n say_v they_o be_v call_v turacio_n and_o turrafragi_n of_o the_o break_n down_o of_o tower_n and_o wall_n and_o by_o john_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr regio_fw-la they_o be_v call_v tormenti_fw-la their_o shot_n sphara_n tormentaria_fw-la and_o the_o gunner_n magistri_fw-la tormentorum_fw-la but_o now_o ordnance_n be_v either_o name_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o inventor_n either_o according_a to_o his_o own_o name_n as_o the_o canon_n be_v or_o by_o the_o name_n of_o bird_n and_o beast_n of_o prey_n for_o their_o swiftness_n or_o their_o cruelty_n as_o the_o faulconet_n falcon_n saker_n and_o culver_v etc._n etc._n for_o swiftness_n of_o fly_v as_o the_o basilisk_n serpentine_a aspic_n dragon_n siren_n etc._n etc._n for_o cruelty_n whoseswiftnes_n report_n and_o terriblenes_n be_v proper_o and_o witty_o express_v by_o the_o latin_a poet_n forcastorius_n as_o follow_v continue_v cana_fw-la terrificis_fw-la horentia_fw-la bombis_fw-la aera_fw-la &_o flamifferum_fw-la tormenta_fw-mi imitantia_fw-la fulmen_fw-la corripiunt_fw-la vulcan_n tum_fw-la dumb_a theutonas_n armas_fw-la inventum_fw-la dum_fw-la tela_fw-la jovis_fw-la mortalibus_fw-la afer_n nec_fw-la mora_fw-la signantes_fw-la certam_fw-la sibi_fw-la cuique_fw-la volucrens_fw-la inclusum_fw-la salucrum_fw-la cineres_fw-la sulphurque_fw-la nitrumque_fw-la materiam_fw-la accendunt_fw-la seruatain_n veste_fw-la favilla_fw-la fomite_fw-la correpta_fw-la diffusa_fw-la repent_v furit_fw-la vis_fw-la ignea_fw-la circumsepta_fw-la simulque_fw-la cita_fw-la obice_fw-la rupto_fw-la intrusam_fw-la impellit_fw-la glander_n volat_fw-la illaper_n auras_fw-la stridula_fw-la et_fw-la exanime_n passim_fw-la per_fw-la prata_n iacebunt_fw-la deiectae_fw-la volucres_fw-la magno_fw-la micat_fw-la ignibus_fw-la aer_fw-la cum_fw-la tonitru_fw-la quo_fw-la silua_fw-la omnes_fw-la ripaque_fw-la recurua_fw-la et_fw-la percussa_fw-la imo_fw-la sonuerunt_fw-la aequora_fw-la fundo_fw-la imitate_v by_o the_o author_n in_o english_a thus_o what_o horrid_a roar_v proceed_v from_o bombard_n soul_n by_o air_n make_v fire_n torment_n of_o lightning_n flash_n from_o earth_n exhale_v with_o vapour_n vulcan_n howl_v for_o that_o now_o on_o earth_n man_n can_v make_v thunder_n dash_v ingenious_a art_n now_o ap_v nature_n work_n give_v also_o name_n of_o bird_n and_o beast_n of_o prey_n to_o gun_n wherein_o main_a cruelty_n do_v lurk_v when_o powder_a peter_n coles_n and_o napth_n assay_v to_o force_v the_o spheric_a shot_n t'outflye_v report_n and_o by_o report_n to_o make_v the_o welkin_n roar_v and_o sylvan_a cavern_n echo_v loud_o retort_v batter_v sink_v kill_v yet_o aim_v mischief_n more_o for_o merciless_a they_o will_v spare_v nor_o high_a nor_o low_a poor_a fatherless_a nor_o widow_n will_v they_o know_v the_o devil_n bird_n i_o think_v be_v fit_a name_n to_o call_v they_o by_o that_o spit_v such_o cruel_a flame_n chap._n iii_o where_o ordnance_n be_v first_o use_v in_o these_o part_n paulus_n interianus_n the_o ligurian_a historiographer_n a_o grave_n and_o authentic_a author_n write_v that_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1366._o when_o the_o war_n be_v hot_a between_o the_o venetian_n and_o the_o genowese_n certain_a german_n present_v two_o piece_n of_o iron_n ordnance_n wrought_v by_o hand_n unto_o the_o seignory_n of_o venice_n with_o some_o provision_n of_o powder_n and_o leaden_a shot_n who_o receive_v they_o very_o thankful_o especial_o see_v how_o that_o diabolical_a unknown_a fury_n have_v not_o only_o exceed_o fear_v but_o also_o slay_v so_o many_o of_o their_o enemy_n that_o thereby_o they_o prevail_v and_o obtain_v a_o wish_a victory_n against_o their_o adversary_n and_o according_o get_v their_o own_o deseigne_n and_o paulus_n jovius_fw-la in_o his_o three_o book_n report_v that_o the_o first_o field_n ordnance_n that_o be_v use_v in_o italy_n be_v in_o the_o war_n between_o the_o bannitoe_n of_o florence_n and_o the_o house_n of_o medici_n bring_v by_o bartholmeo_n coglioni_n and_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o ferrara_n have_v receive_v a_o hurt_n in_o his_o foot_n by_o a_o shott_n from_o one_o of_o those_o small_a piece_n mount_v upon_o wheel_n as_o he_o note_v the_o prince_n earnest_o complain_v that_o coglioni_n have_v behave_v himself_o that_o day_n very_o malicious_o against_o he_o by_o use_v supernatural_a barbarism_n in_o make_v such_o horrible_a and_o unaccustomed_a tempest_n to_o beat_v and_o spoil_v his_o man_n with_o who_o have_v none_o other_o weapon_n to_o defend_v themselves_o but_o only_a sword_n and_o spear_n laonicus_n chalon_n in_o his_o five_o book_n report_v that_o mahomet_n the_o great_a turk_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o constantinople_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1419_o plant_v against_o it_o one_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n that_o he_o discharge_v seven_o time_n in_o one_o day_n which_o convey_v a_o bullet_n of_o 300_o pound_n weight_n and_o make_v the_o ground_n tremble_v a_o furlong_n round_o about_o it_o at_o the_o discharge_n with_o the_o report_n thereof_o and_o he_o further_o affirm_v that_o the_o grecian_n answer_v he_o again_o with_o piece_n that_o shoot_v bullet_n of_o 150_o pound_n weight_n pollider_n virgil_n in_o his_o five_o book_n of_o the_o english_a history_n write_v that_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1425_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o french_a king_n charles_n the_o seven_o the_o english_a have_v besiege_v the_o town_n of_o mantz_n so_o batter_v the_o wall_n thereof_o that_o they_o soon_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o munster_n in_o his_o second_o volume_n write_v that_o the_o duke_n de_fw-fr bar_n 1431_o be_v defeat_v by_o the_o count_n de_fw-fr vademont_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o ordnance_n that_o he_o use_v both_o canon_n and_o culver_v which_o be_v a_o matter_n then_o so_o new_a and_o rare_a that_o the_o count_n himself_o at_o the_o shoot_v they_o off_o fall_v always_o on_o his_o face_n to_o the_o ground_n for_o fear_n ordnance_z be_v also_o use_v by_o the_o almain_n about_o the_o coast_n of_o denmark_n in_o the_o year_n 1434._o paulus_n jovius_fw-la and_o guichardine_n relate_v that_o charles_n the_o eight_o of_o france_n have_v undertake_v the_o conquest_n of_o naples_n use_v ordnance_n both_o in_o the_o plane_n and_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o high_a mountain_n and_o the_o italian_n that_o descrb_v his_o return_n say_v that_o with_o his_o soldier_n he_o draw_v they_o up_o over_o the_o top_n of_o the_o appenyne_n mountain_n and_o so_o from_o place_n to_o place_n with_o admirable_a courage_n where_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o steepnesse_n and_o roughness_n of_o the_o place_n horse_n and_o cattle_n can_v not_o be_v employ_v to_o draw_v they_o but_o his_o horseman_n do_v then_o carry_v the_o shot_n &_o other_o munition_n to_o they_o pierrier_n steinhuchsen_n cap._n 3._o abatte_fw-mi mur._n maurbrecher_n cap._n 4._o pierrier_n ou_fw-fr bombarde_n steinbuchse_n eschelle_n a_o mire_n qiel_n leittern_n cap._n 5._o tract_n 2._o cap._n 6._o tract_n the_o l'espaulle_a avec_fw-fr ses_fw-fr tronier_n et_fw-fr explanade_n figur_n der_fw-mi schutren_n mitt_fw-ge ihren_n zangen_fw-mi und_fw-ge britschen_fw-ge belong_v each_o of_o they_o alittle_o camello_n vitelli_n be_v say_v to_o have_v invent_v the_o pistol_n and_o small_a hand-gunues_a for_o horseman_n whereby_o ferdinand_n of_o arragon_n discomfit_v the_o french_a and_o almain_n musket_n be_v invent_v for_o footman_n and_o first_o use_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o rhege_n in_o 1521_o since_o which_o time_n their_o invention_n have_v be_v so_o infinite_o vary_v as_o no_o man_n can_v full_o express_v which_o now_o shall_v suffice_v i_o and_o i_o hope_v
up_o also_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v yet_o empty_a with_o melt_a wax_n mingle_v with_o hemp_n cut_v or_o with_o â—oe_n rather_o they_o tract_n 2._o cap._n 3._o comment_fw-fr il_fw-fr fault_n armer_fw-la et_fw-la conduire_n une_fw-fr mine_n wie_z eine_fw-mi minen_n zu_fw-ge leitten_fw-mi undt_fw-ge zu_fw-ge verwahren_n galerie_n tract_n 2._o cap._n 6._o form_n et_fw-fr usage_n de_fw-fr quelques_fw-fr instrument_n ingenieux_fw-fr pour_fw-fr une_fw-fr entreprise_n form_n undt_fw-ge gebrauch_fw-ge ettlicher_n instrumenten_a zu_fw-ge einer_fw-ge empresa_n nutzlich_fw-ge zu_fw-ge gebrauchen_fw-ge tract_n 2._o cap._n 7._o comment_fw-fr il_fw-fr fault_n charger_n et_fw-fr attacher_n le_fw-fr petart_n wie_z ein_fw-mi petart_n zu_fw-ge laden_a und_fw-ge a_fw-mi zu_fw-ge hangon_n but_o if_o we_o be_v to_o pettard_n a_o port_n unto_o which_o we_o can_v approach_v to_o hang_v the_o pettard_n thereon_o then_o make_v a_o little_a wooden_a horse_n with_o 4_o wheel_n or_o truck_v line_v with_o cloth_n or_o wool_n to_o avoid_v make_v noise_n the_o handle_n whereof_o be_v to_o carry_v the_o say_a pettard_n be_v at_o the_o least_o 40_o foot_n long_o with_o a_o counterpoyze_n at_o the_o other_o end_n have_v the_o planchier_n fasten_v close_o before_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pettard_n with_o the_o crochet_n or_o underprop_v to_o place_v the_o same_o as_o close_v and_o flat_a against_o the_o port_n as_o be_v possible_a and_o the_o aftmost_a end_n of_o the_o staff_n or_o prop_n make_v firm_a against_o some_o stake_n in_o the_o ground_n to_o stay_v the_o reverse_a so_o always_o that_o it_o belong_v enough_o to_o reach_v over_o the_o dike_a or_o drawbridge_n to_o be_v drive_v close_o that_o the_o pettard_n may_v be_v firm_v against_o the_o gate_n then_o so_o load_v and_o firegve_v to_o the_o slow_a vent_n or_o pipe_n with_o the_o slow_a receipt_n the_o retreat_n may_v have_v time_n to_o be_v oblike_o make_v lest_o her_o reverse_a surprise_n the_o pettardier_n before_o he_o canget_n out_o of_o the_o danger_n thereof_o the_o figure_n and_o discourse_n follow_v as_o well_o for_o the_o accessible_a as_o for_o the_o inaccessible_a port_n here_o annex_v will_v make_v that_o which_o we_o have_v say_v the_o better_a understand_v chap._n xv._o of_o several_a way_n to_o prevent_v the_o effectual_a work_n of_o petard_n diverse_a and_o several_a mean_n there_o be_v also_o to_o prevent_v the_o place_n and_o effectual_a work_n of_o the_o say_a pettard_n whereof_o a_o word_n or_o two_o in_o brief_a the_o first_o be_v by_o a_o kind_n of_o strong_a iron_n gridiron_n or_o grate_n so_o place_v before_o the_o port_n somewhat_o distant_a as_o 3_o or_o 4_o foot_n off_o that_o the_o planchier_n of_o the_o pettard_n can_v come_v close_o enough_o to_o the_o gate_n for_o that_o the_o air_n between_o it_o and_o the_o pettard_n will_v doubtless_o make_v the_o action_n thereof_o to_o be_v of_o little_a or_o no_o effect_n otherwise_o to_o spoil_v the_o pettardier_n and_o assistant_n near_o a_o falltrap_n be_v let_v go_v with_o a_o buckle_v trick_a when_o the_o pettardier_n shall_v either_o tread_v upon_o a_o drawbridge_n or_o board_n cover_v with_o earth_n which_o will_v pull_v out_o the_o buckle_v and_o so_o it_o will_v let_v a_o great_a circle_n with_o iron_n work_v by_o a_o spring_n fall_v violent_o upon_o his_o head_n likewise_o they_o impeach_v the_o hang_n and_o prop_v pettard_n by_o certain_a point_n of_o iron_n about_o 3_o foot_n long_o place_v under_o the_o draw-bridge_n which_o when_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o stand_v out_o and_o impeach_v the_o place_n of_o they_o against_o it_o in_o like_a sort_n by_o a_o trap-draw-bridge_n which_o will_v fall_v down_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o pettardier_n shall_v tread_v thereon_o and_o slide_v he_o and_o his_o pettard_n into_o the_o dyke_n so_o also_o if_o a_o pair_n of_o compass_n of_o iron_n with_o tooth_n on_o the_o leg_n have_v their_o head_n with_o a_o joint_n fasten_v above_o to_o the_o stone_n work_n of_o the_o port_n so_o that_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o bridge_n or_o board_n which_o hold_v the_o compass_n and_o tooth_n open_a be_v unloose_a by_o tread_v thereon_o they_o be_v force_v together_o by_o strong_a spring_n most_o violent_o which_o terrible_o will_v clasp_v and_o tear_v he_o in_o most_o miserable_a manner_n another_o be_v by_o two_o semicircle_n with_o sawteeth_n to_o clasp_v together_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o pettardier_n set_v foot_n on_o the_o false_a board_n or_o bridge_n to_o unhitch_v the_o springhold_n also_o a_o cord_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o outpost_n end_n of_o the_o loose_a bridge_n which_o by_o the_o pettardier_n step_v thereon_o unloose_v the_o hold_n so_o a_o number_n of_o stone_n will_v thereby_o all_o fall_n on_o his_o head_n and_o beat_v out_o his_o brain_n so_o also_o a_o false_a port_n with_o 3_o or_o 4_o foot_n or_o more_o of_o vacuity_n between_o it_o and_o the_o true_a port_n rise_v high_a than_o the_o true_a port_n in_o greve_n hoist_v up_o as_o a_o portcullis_n and_o shall_v fall_v when_o the_o pettardier_n step_v on_o the_o false_a bridge_n likewise_o by_o a_o false_a or_o loose_a bridge_n which_o shall_v pull_v a_o trick_a that_o shall_v let_v down_o a_o snaphance_n and_o give_v fire_n unto_o 20_o or_o 30_o load_v musket_n who_o mouth_n shall_v be_v see_v through_o the_o port_n and_o discharge_v themselves_o upon_o the_o pettardier_n and_o his_o assistant_n as_o the_o figure_n in_o the_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o 10_o 11_o 12_o and_o 13_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n entitle_v recuil_n de_fw-fr plusieurs_fw-fr machine_n millitaire_n will_v more_o manifest_a unto_o the_o eye_n chap._n xvi_o how_o and_o with_o what_o instrument_n you_o may_v break_v the_o pyles_n palesadoe_n grate_v percallise_n and_o chaune_n or_o such_o like_a iron_n or_o wood-worke_n to_o lay_v they_o open_v for_o entry_n to_o break_v palisadee_n grate_v bar_n and_o such_o like_a enclosure_n of_o any_o town_n cassle_n foâ—â—â—or_n strong_a house_n the_o instrument_n that_o be_v note_v with_o a_o which_o be_v a_o wrench_n that_o be_v aply_v and_o fasten_v as_o the_o figure_n show_v will_v tear_v open_a strong_a bar_n or_o the_o saw_n b_o in_o saw_v asunder_o the_o joint_n or_o the_o crow_n c_o who_o cleave_a soot_n be_v get_v between_o the_o 〈◊〉_d will_v forcible_o disjoint_v they_o or_o else_o axlike_a wedge_n d._n but_o if_o the_o enterprise_n be_v to_o be_v secret_o execute_v without_o noise_n of_o stroke_n of_o tool_n than_o a_o fire_n wheel_n in_o such_o manner_n fasten_v prymed_a and_o fire_v and_o fix_v as_o the_o figure_n show_v will_v soon_o make_v way_n if_o it_o be_v well_o order_v for_o the_o purpose_n as_o hereafter_o in_o this_o chapter_n shall_v be_v direct_v the_o same_o instrument_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v unto_o bar_n of_o gate_n of_o town_n and_o castle_n if_o they_o may_v be_v approach_v secret_o for_o else_o there_o can_v be_v no_o better_a way_n to_o make_v overture_n then_o by_o battery_n with_o great_a ordnance_n which_o from_o far_o will_v soon_o make_v a_o breach_n aswell_o in_o port_n which_o be_v usual_o fortify_v with_o barracadoe_n and_o other_o defence_n but_o may_v be_v thereby_o soon_o batter_v to_o make_v sufficient_a breach_n to_o enter_v by_o yea_o be_v it_o in_o bulwark_n or_o curtain_n as_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v show_v more_o at_o large_a if_o you_o will_v force_v a_o great_a port_n of_o a_o town_n secret_o there_o be_v another_o mean_n beside_o the_o pettard_n already_o speak_v of_o namely_o the_o skrew_n nut_n mark_v e_z and_z his_o skrewbarre_v a_o with_o which_o in_o turn_v the_o winlase_v x_o it_o will_v soon_o break_v open_a the_o port_n so_o that_o the_o backestay_v be_v fast_o and_o strong_a enough_o now_o if_o it_o be_v strengthen_v with_o chain_n of_o iron_n within_o although_o they_o be_v great_a and_o strong_a yet_o by_o the_o screw_n spindle_n 4_o and_o 5_o turn_v the_o nut_n b_o by_o the_o winlase_v &_o spykesthereof_o and_o so_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o iron_n burr_n and_o grate_v may_v be_v break_v asunder_o or_o pull_v out_o with_o the_o pincher_n c_o and_o the_o draw_v hammer_n d_o and_o the_o mallet_n of_o hard-wood_n i_o and_o the_o short_a axe-wedge_n 2_o next_o to_o those_o instrument_n the_o drift_n bridge_n between_o they_o represent_v be_v invent_v to_o reach_v over_o a_o dyke_n and_o to_o put_v any_o town_n or_o fort_n to_o the_o scalado_n it_o be_v not_o much_o unlike_o the_o cartbridge_n use_v for_o the_o pettard_n as_o before_o may_v be_v see_v in_o his_o chapter_n but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o great_a and_o heavy_a as_o it_o chap._n xvii_o how_o to_o dispart_v any_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n that_o be_v true_o and_o equal_a bore_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o mettle_n thereof_o of_o all_o thing_n belong_v unto_o a_o gunner_n the_o chief_a be_v to_o bring_v the_o metal_n of_o his_o piece_n even_o
have_v temper_v into_o paste_n they_o dry_v and_o then_o beat_v and_o remoysten_v other_o mix_v it_o with_o burn_a sand_n and_o ash_n other_o have_v but_o weak_a earth_n temper_v they_o with_o water_n wherein_o burn_a salt_n be_v dissolve_v mix_v therewith_o scale_n or_o lymmel_n of_o iron_n fine_o beat_v and_o sear_v and_o last_o some_o mix_v therewith_o horse_n or_o ox_n dung_n and_o some_o use_a sedge_n and_o straw_n fine_o chop_v and_o meal_v each_o to_o his_o best_a like_n endeavour_v to_o prevent_v the_o ill_a accedent_n that_o may_v hinder_v the_o good_a success_n of_o their_o work_n chap._n xx._n of_o make_v of_o mould_v for_o the_o sound_n of_o ordnance_n and_o have_v so_o prepare_v and_o resolve_v of_o what_o kind_n and_o what_o sort_n of_o that_o kind_n the_o ordnance_n be_v you_o intend_v to_o cast_v you_o be_v then_o first_o to_o make_v a_o moddell_n or_o perfect_a pattern_n thereof_o either_o of_o timber_n or_o of_o earth_n or_o both_o with_o all_o the_o mouldure_v ornament_n and_o compartment_n even_o as_o you_o will_v have_v the_o piece_n to_o be_v which_o you_o must_v thinne_o anoint_v with_o soft_a hog_n grease_n and_o then_o cover_v it_o over_o with_o a_o column_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a temper_a earth_n make_v and_o dry_v by_o little_a and_o little_a augment_v it_o until_o it_o be_v of_o a_o competent_a strength_n &_o thickness_n this_o column_n must_v be_v to_o betake_v into_o two_o or_o more_o part_n to_o the_o end_n to_o take_v the_o say_a model_n or_o pattern_n out_o of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fortify_v on_o the_o out_o side_n with_o plate_n of_o iron_n as_o long_o as_o the_o chase_n of_o the_o piece_n and_o with_o iron_n wire_n a_o inch_n each_o from_o other_o and_o last_o with_o iron_n hoop_n a_o foot_n or_o two_o asunder_o to_o knock_v off_o and_o on_o as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v there_o must_v also_o be_v a_o smooth_a and_o equal_a cillind_a who_o dyametre_n must_v be_v just_a the_o height_n of_o the_o boar_n and_o make_v of_o the_o same_o earth_n mould_v upon_o a_o strong_a iron_n square_a bar_n and_o upon_o a_o cord_n would_v about_o the_o same_o therewith_o to_o make_v the_o soul_n or_o concave_a hollow_a cillind_a of_o the_o piece_n by_o place_v it_o by_o help_n of_o the_o base_a and_o muzzle-ring_n exact_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o vacuity_n of_o the_o outermost_a column_n which_o when_o the_o pattern_n or_o model_n shall_v be_v take_v out_o will_v remain_v hollow_a to_o receive_v the_o mettle_n that_o must_v make_v the_o body_n of_o the_o piece_n all_o these_o must_v be_v well_o join_v t_v together_o polish_a smooth_a and_o dry_a and_o neal_v that_o the_o mettle_n berune_v fine_a may_v come_v off_o smooth_a and_o neat_a last_o the_o pattern_n of_o the_o breech_n with_o all_o the_o mouldure_v and_o cascabell_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n to_o be_v cover_v over_o by_o little_a and_o little_a with_o the_o same_o temper_a earth_n which_o must_v afterward_o be_v lute_v neat_o and_o strong_o to_o the_o breech_n end_n of_o the_o outter_n column_n all_o which_o mouldure_v ring_n arm_n device_n flower_n trunnion_n dolphin_n and_o circle_n may_v be_v at_o pleasure_n add_v thereunto_o upon_o the_o pattern_n either_o in_o wax_n earth_n or_o plaster_n and_o so_o the_o perfect_a impression_n thereof_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o concavity_n of_o the_o outward_a column_n keep_v still_o the_o due_a prescribe_a proportion_n of_o the_o piece_n according_a to_o the_o kind_n and_o sort_n thereof_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o place_n measure_n and_o use_v of_o the_o trunnion_n the_o trunnion_n in_o piece_n not_o camber_n bore_v aught_o to_o be_v thus_o place_v divide_v the_o whole_a length_n of_o the_o chase_n of_o the_o piece_n into_o 7_o equal_a part_n and_o at_o 3_o of_o those_o part_n from_o the_o basering_a forward_o in_o the_o imaginary_a right_a line_n that_o procee_v from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o mettle_n at_o the_o breech_n to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o mettle_n at_o her_o mouth_n must_v the_o place_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o trunnion_n be_v and_o so_o shall_v there_o be_v 4_o 7_o of_o the_o length_n of_o her_o chase_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o her_o trunnion_n forward_o to_o her_o muzzle_n &_o 3_o 7_o backward_o to_o her_o breech_n except_o it_o be_v for_o a_o taper_n bore_v or_o cambr_v piece_n for_o which_o the_o trunnion_n must_v be_v place_v more_o backward_o because_o the_o thickness_n of_o mettle_n to_o the_o breechwards_o be_v great_a in_o compare_v proportion_n than_o it_o be_v in_o equal_a bore_v piece_n which_o will_v otherwise_o become_v breech_n heavy_a &_o so_o be_v troublesome_a to_o manage_v and_o it_o must_v be_v so_o order_v for_o these_o sequent_a reason_n first_o for_o her_o better_a fortitude_n namely_o to_o take_v hold_v the_o more_o firm_o in_o the_o mettle_n of_o her_o body_n and_o not_o lie_v direct_o against_o the_o concavo_n cillind_a of_o the_o boar_n second_o that_o be_v somewhat_o under_o it_o they_o will_v the_o better_o support_v the_o great_a weight_n of_o the_o mettle_n and_o last_o that_o thereby_o they_o may_v be_v only_o so_o much_o heavy_a towards_o their_o breech_n as_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o keep_v her_o steady_a in_o her_o discharge_n and_o not_o be_v too_o unwieldy_a but_o convenient_o approach_v near_o equiballance_v for_o the_o mount_a and_o manage_v thereof_o which_o the_o germane_a and_o spanish_a founder_n do_v somewhat_o seem_v to_o help_v by_o place_v dolphin_n somewhat_o more_o towards_o their_o breech_n and_o some_o other_o have_v think_v to_o remedy_v it_o by_o place_v of_o strong_a ring_n in_o staple_n of_o cast_a metal_n in_o stead_n and_o lieu_n of_o these_o dolphin_n but_o for_o such_o piece_n as_o have_v neither_o dolphin_n nor_o ring_n to_o mount_v or_o dismount_v by_o they_o a_o leaver_n be_v put_v into_o their_o mouth_n and_o a_o rope_n fasten_v at_o the_o mouth_n unto_o theoutward_a end_n thereof_o and_o unto_o the_o pomell_n or_o cascabell_n at_o the_o breech_n thoy_z be_v to_o be_v thereby_o equibalance_o slinge_v tomount_v or_o dismount_v they_o convenient_o the_o trunnion_n ought_v next_o the_o body_n to_o be_v in_o dyametre_n one_o calibre_n of_o her_o proper_a bore_n in_o thickness_n and_o also_o one_o in_o length_n only_o lessen_v 1_o 30_o of_o a_o calibre_n taper_v by_o little_a and_o little_a towards_o their_o outward_a end_n of_o they_o there_o be_v five_o thing_n especial_o to_o be_v regard_v in_o cast_v of_o mettle_n the_o first_o be_v to_o make_v the_o form_n and_o mould_n due_o the_o second_o that_o they_o be_v well_o neal_v with_o charcoal_n or_o dry_a wood_n the_o three_o to_o place_v they_o well_o in_o the_o pit_n the_o four_o be_v to_o melt_v the_o mettle_n to_o run_v well_o and_o fine_a the_o five_o to_o be_v sure_a to_o put_v asmuch_o mettle_n into_o the_o furnace_n as_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o fill_v the_o mould_n and_o every_o mould_n that_o be_v to_o be_v fill_v with_o brass_n or_o any_o other_o mettle_n must_v have_v spyrall_n or_o vent_v for_o there_o be_v no_o place_n although_o call_v empty_a so_o void_a but_o it_o be_v fill_v with_o air_n by_o mean_n whereof_o if_o the_o hot_a melt_v substance_n come_v to_o meet_v with_o the_o air_n there_o enclose_v not_o find_v breathe_a vent_n it_o will_v break_v the_o the_o mould_n wherefore_o it_o will_v be_v fit_a that_o as_o upon_o the_o one_o side_n of_o the_o mould_n the_o mettle_n be_v to_o come_v into_o it_o upon_o the_o other_o side_n the_o moisture_n and_o air_n may_v breathe_v out_o without_o impeachment_n that_o all_o the_o emptiness_n of_o the_o mould_n may_v be_v fill_v with_o mettle_n and_o to_o that_o end_n there_o must_v be_v a_o vent_n make_v that_o may_v breathe_v out_o the_o air_n from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o mould_n conclude_v that_o by_o give_v the_o more_o and_o the_o large_a entery_n unto_o the_o mould_n and_o vent_v the_o better_a and_o more_o fair_a will_v your_o matter_n be_v cast_v off_o and_o so_o much_o for_o founding_n of_o brass_n ordnance_n chap._n xxii_o how_o to_o examine_v search_n and_o to_o find_v whether_o any_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n be_v well_o and_o due_o make_v and_o of_o what_o kind_a and_o sort_v it_o be_v the_o principal_a thing_n that_o a_o gunner_n ought_v to_o look_v unto_o when_o he_o be_v to_o take_v many_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n into_o his_o charge_n be_v first_o to_o search_v and_o examine_v how_o they_o be_v fortify_v and_o whether_o they_o be_v sound_a and_o safe_o serviceable_a and_o whether_o they_o be_v of_o the_o kind_n of_o cannon_n of_o battery_n culvering_n or_o perior_o and_o then_o to_o know_v of_o which_o sort_n each_o piece_n be_v of_o that_o kind_a and_o then_o whether_o they_o be_v
lagen_fw-ge point_v du_fw-fr nueau_fw-fr punct_a der_fw-mi wagen_n there_o may_v 40_o foot_n of_o ground_n and_o for_o the_o thickness_n thereof_o it_o must_v â—e_v 21_o or_o 22_o foot_n with_o 27_o or_o 30_o foot_n for_o reverse_v for_o each_o piece_n make_v almost_o 100_o foot_n in_o all_o and_o leave_v yet_o thirty_o foot_n more_o at_o least_o from_o the_o say_v reverse_v to_o the_o other_o parapet_n of_o the_o same_o bulwark_n to_o the_o end_n there_o may_v he_o no_o impeachment_n but_o that_o the_o troop_n may_v march_v and_o pass_v to_o the_o defence_n require_v free_o and_o have_v also_o room_n to_o plant_v three_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n upon_o each_o of_o the_o shoulder_n of_o the_o same_o which_o will_v also_o require_v 65_o some_o of_o ground_n at_o the_o least_o the_o trounier_n or_o loop_n be_v to_o be_v 3_o foot_n broad_a within_o and_o distant_a 20_o foot_n one_o from_o another_o have_v within_o the_o platform_n 3_o foot_n of_o barb_n and_o without_o 9_o foot_n of_o breadth_n and_o every_o where_o 8_o foot_n of_o height_n these_o three_o loop_n must_v have_v a_o counter_a loop_n at_o the_o parapet_n of_o the_o bulwark_n have_v in_o the_o midst_n 4_o within_o 6_o and_o without_o 8_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o deep_a that_o it_o be_v even_o with_o the_o terraplene_n now_o from_o these_o loop_n there_o must_v be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v so_o much_o room_n that_o within_o the_o shouldring_n there_o may_v be_v 3_o piece_n distant_a 20_o foot_n asunder_o now_o two_o or_o three_o of_o these_o shouldring_n discharge_v their_o three_o piece_n traverse_v croswise_o to_o the_o enemy_n battery_n beat_v so_o upon_o they_o that_o they_o must_v be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o place_n and_o although_o the_o euemie_n abroad_o may_v beat_v the_o coverture_n of_o the_o outmost_a loop_n yet_o can_v they_o neither_o for_o the_o inner_a loop_n not_o the_o piece_n within_o come_v to_o touch_v any_o of_o they_o but_o you_o may_v note_v that_o such_o battery_n can_v be_v make_v in_o a_o narrow_a or_o straight_a place_n as_o i_o have_v say_v without_o demolish_n structure_n and_o raise_v the_o ground_n so_o that_o it_o be_v level_a with_o the_o terraplene_n of_o the_o bulwark_n which_o will_v otherwise_o be_v too_o small_a for_o that_o purpose_n and_o have_v finish_v they_o they_o be_v not_o to_o serve_v for_o one_o place_n only_o but_o they_o may_v turn_v those_o shouldring_n and_o defence_n and_o make_v the_o piece_n thunder_v about_o on_o all_o side_n where_o the_o enemy_n will_v settle_v himself_o chap._n xlix_o of_o certain_a reason_n that_o cause_v a_o shott_n though_o well_o direct_v to_o err_v in_o her_o discharge_n and_o be_v faulty_a at_o the_o mark_v wide_a short_a or_o over_o there_o be_v very_o many_o cause_n and_o accident_n that_o may_v make_v a_o shott_n well_o direct_v to_o deviate_v from_o the_o expect_a course_n the_o first_o be_v when_o as_o the_o soul_n or_o bear_v of_o the_o piece_n lie_v awry_o in_o the_o body_n or_o mettle_n thereof_o or_o that_o the_o chase_n or_o vacant_a cillind_a the_o director_n of_o the_o shott_n be_v not_o straight_o wherefore_o the_o gunner_n may_v receive_v disgrace_n but_o have_v examine_v and_o find_v the_o fault_n he_o be_v to_o supply_v the_o defect_n by_o discretion_n and_o skill_n and_o if_o the_o trunion_n also_o be_v not_o due_o place_v direct_o in_o a_o dyagonall_a line_n with_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o piece_n it_o will_v be_v wide_a likewise_o if_o the_o platform_n be_v unequal_a as_o high_a upon_o one_o side_n then_o the_o other_o also_o if_o the_o gunner_n lie_v the_o high_a of_o the_o mettle_n at_o mouth_n and_o breech_n it_o will_v shoot_v over_o if_o it_o be_v within_o distance_n if_o one_o wheel_n be_v high_a than_o another_o also_o if_o one_o wheel_n go_v stiff_a than_o the_o other_o or_o if_o one_o wheel_n meet_v with_o a_o squat_a by_o a_o stone_n or_o otherwise_o when_o the_o nave_n be_v one_o long_o &_o wide_o then_o the_o other_o when_o one_o wheel_n reverse_v go_v on_o soft_a ground_n the_o other_o on_o hard_a when_o the_o carriage_n or_o trunion_n ear_n be_v high_a &_o low_a one_o than_o another_o if_o the_o carriage_n be_v too_o wide_o so_o that_o the_o piece_n lie_v not_o fast_o the_o rein_n but_o start_v in_o her_o discharge_n if_o the_o shot_n be_v not_o equal_o round_a or_o the_o bear_v of_o the_o piece_n not_o lie_v straight_o but_o more_o on_o the_o one_o side_n of_o the_o mettle_n than_o the_o other_o the_o vehemency_n of_o the_o wind_n with_o against_o or_o aside_o may_v drive_v the_o shot_n forward_o back_o it_o or_o devie-at_a it_o aside_o the_o thickness_n and_o thinness_n of_o the_o air_n the_o heat_n and_o cool_v the_o sleight_n or_o hard_o ram_v of_o the_o powder_n put_v home_n or_o short_a the_o shot_n and_o last_o the_o want_n of_o skill_n and_o experience_n all_o these_o and_o many_o more_o may_v be_v cause_n of_o the_o fail_a of_o a_o shott_n at_o a_o assign_a mark_n which_o i_o think_v fit_a here_o to_o note_v at_o last_o not_o to_o minister_v matter_n of_o excuse_n to_o ignorant_a negligent_a careless_a gunner_n but_o to_o advise_v the_o discreet_a gunner_n to_o have_v a_o vigilant_a eye_n and_o consideration_n of_o all_o or_o as_o many_o of_o those_o accident_n with_o reason_n &_o of_o the_o former_a direction_n to_o avoid_v or_o amend_v they_o as_o well_o as_o he_o can_v at_o first_o to_o fail_v at_o the_o first_o shot_n if_o he_o be_v not_o acquaint_v with_o the_o piece_n and_o mark_n be_v passable_a and_o at_o the_o second_o to_o fail_v be_v pardonable_a but_o to_o fail_v of_o a_o fair_a shot_n at_o the_o three_o time_n be_v too_o much_o and_o argue_v but_o little_a judgement_n and_o discretion_n in_o such_o a_o gunner_n chap._n l._n how_o to_o conduct_v a_o mine_n under_o ground_n to_o blow_v up_o a_o place_n and_o to_o prepare_v a_o gallery_n to_o pass_v the_o dyke_n to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o breach_n the_o use_n of_o mining_n be_v ancient_a and_o be_v common_o use_v by_o the_o persian_a greek_a parthian_a roman_n and_o other_o nation_n that_o have_v manage_v great_a war_n and_o no_o marvel_n for_o that_o the_o same_o be_v the_o easy_a and_o most_o proper_a mean_n to_o force_v a_o place_n but_o pietre_n navarro_n a_o spaniard_n be_v the_o first_o that_o invent_v the_o fowrne_n and_o the_o use_n of_o powder_n therein_o for_o which_o and_o some_o other_o service_n the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o give_v he_o the_o name_n of_o a_o conde_n and_o great_a reward_n beside_o yet_o nevertheless_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o dangerous_a for_o such_o as_o work_v in_o these_o mine_n by_o reason_n the_o countermine_n of_o the_o enemy_n so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o suspicion_n of_o countermine_v it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o divert_v the_o course_n with_o all_o dexterity_n either_o towards_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n as_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o place_n will_v permit_v and_o forasmuch_o as_o according_a to_o the_o natural_a effect_n of_o fear_n it_o behove_v the_o besiege_a to_o seek_v out_o the_o short_a and_o near_a way_n possible_a to_o offend_v the_o enemy_n abroad_o by_o countermine_n or_o otherwise_o the_o mine-master_n than_o may_v sink_v his_o mine_n and_o conduct_v the_o same_o either_o as_o in_o the_o 16_o figure_n at_o α_n be_v describe_v by_o the_o letter_n from_o a_o by_o b_o to_z c_z or_o as_o the_o other_o 4_o square_a angular_a course_n and_o there_o to_o prepare_v the_o fourne_n which_o may_v be_v arm_v with_o powder_n in_o barrel_n so_o that_o give_v fire_n thereunto_o by_o a_o train_n he_o blow_v up_o the_o place_n and_o the_o enemy_n above_o it_o and_o to_o the_o end_n the_o same_o hurt_v not_o the_o pioneer_n or_o workman_n that_o dig_v and_o travel_v therein_o it_o will_v be_v needful_a to_o line_n the_o same_o with_o spar_v and_o board_n frame_v according_o seven_o foot_n in_o height_n and_o 5_o foot_n in_o breadth_n but_o it_o must_v be_v cover_v with_o 2_o inch_n plank_n to_o keep_v up_o the_o earth_n but_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v moist_a or_o full_a of_o spring_n a_o gutter_n with_o 2_o descent_n must_v be_v make_v that_o the_o water_n may_v run_v to_o some_o low_a evacuation_n if_o that_o can_v be_v a_o well_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o mine_n must_v be_v make_v for_o a_o receptackle_n for_o all_o the_o spring_n to_o run_v into_o by_o their_o gunter_n and_o pumpsor_n forcer_n be_v to_o be_v set_v sufficient_a to_o mount_v the_o water_n that_o it_o may_v after_o find_v a_o current_n to_o run_v away_o but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o suspicion_n of_o countermine_v then_o always_o forward_o in_o your_o intend_a course_n you_o may_v bore_v long_a hole_n in_o the_o earth_n with_o your_o
it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v that_o there_o be_v so_o few_o of_o that_o profession_n here_o employ_v for_o sound_v of_o brass_n ordnance_n only_a mr._n pitts_n and_o his_o brother_n and_o mr._n philip_n and_o as_o yet_o so_o few_o or_o none_o bring_v up_o to_o learn_v it_o under_o they_o as_o that_o it_o be_v like_a that_o hereafter_o there_o may_v be_v a_o great_a want_n of_o honest_a and_o skilful_a gunnefounder_n in_o england_n the_o inconvenience_n that_o else_o may_v hereafter_o so_o befall_v i_o hope_v will_v be_v foresee_v and_o prevent_v in_o good_a time_n le_fw-fr sieur_n du_fw-fr praisac_n in_o his_o 13_o chapter_n of_o his_o military_a discourse_n advise_v founder_n to_o have_v a_o special_a care_n for_o the_o temper_n and_o alley_n of_o the_o metal_n the_o inward_a cleanness_n of_o the_o mould_n and_o neal_n of_o they_o well_o and_o to_o their_o cap_n and_o cavity_n to_o anoint_v they_o with_o clean_a grease_n and_o to_o guard_v and_o bind_v they_o well_o with_o iron_n to_o dry_v they_o and_o settle_v they_o firm_o and_o for_o the_o due_a place_n of_o the_o trunnion_n as_o be_v show_v in_o the_o 22_o chapter_n hereof_o that_o they_o may_v so_o near_o equiballance_v one_o end_n with_o the_o other_o that_o one_o gunner_n with_o a_o lever_n or_o handspyke_n may_v raise_v or_o embase_v it_o upon_o her_o carriage_n either_o for_o the_o drain_n or_o put_v in_o coin_n to_o direct_v they_o or_o lay_v they_o under_o metal_n the_o run_v of_o the_o mettle_n not_o fine_a or_o too_o cold_a and_o the_o mould_n not_o well_o neal_v or_o the_o metal_n not_o well_o incorporate_v either_o of_o these_o cause_v flaw_n crack_n spungyne_n or_o hony-comb_n in_o the_o mettle_n of_o the_o piece_n whereby_o great_a danger_n often_o ensue_v chap._n xix_o concern_v the_o league_n and_o alligation_n or_o mixture_n of_o metal_n to_o find_v great_a ordnance_n for_o the_o natural_a viscuosity_n softness_n &_o dulness_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o copper_n there_o have_v for_o the_o founding_n of_o ordnance_n be_v many_o alloyes_n league_n or_o allegation_n of_o other_o metal_n by_o several_a founder_n use_v as_o their_o diverse_a colour_n and_o temper_n do_v manifest_a true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o proper_a alloy_n for_o copper_n be_v fine_a cornish_a tin_n when_o as_o you_o will_v have_v your_o work_n subject_n to_o the_o hammer_n or_o else_o it_o will_v not_o be_v reduce_v to_o such_o subtlety_n as_o to_o endure_v the_o fire_n or_o to_o make_v vessel_n off_o but_o when_o as_o it_o shall_v be_v accompany_v as_o shall_v herein_o be_v hereafter_o mention_v it_o do_v not_o only_o change_v the_o name_n also_o the_o aspect_n and_o nature_n thereof_o as_o to_o be_v call_v ordinary_a brass_n bell-mettall_n or_o else_o brass_n for_o ordnance_n brass_n ordinary_o be_v make_v only_o by_o tin_n copper_n and_o lapis_fw-la caliminaris_n bell_n mettle_n with_o more_o tiune_n and_o some_o latton_n for_o bell_n mortar_n and_o for_o ordnance_n as_o biringuccio_n say_v 12_o pound_n of_o tin_n for_o 100_o pound_n of_o copper_n for_o bell_n 23_o or_o 20_o pound_n of_o tin_n for_o 100_o pound_n of_o copper_n to_o cause_v the_o better_a sound_n and_o according_o as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v great_a or_o less_o wherein_o i_o intend_v not_o here_o to_o give_v any_o other_o rule_n but_o to_o mix_v they_o by_o weight_n and_o measure_n as_o discretion_n and_o judgement_n shall_v induce_v but_o more_o particular_o for_o ordnance_n i_o have_v think_v fit_v to_o relate_v the_o opinion_n of_o such_o workemaster_n and_o author_n as_o i_o have_v receive_v instruction_n from_o jerome_n rosselli_n say_v that_o for_o 16_o lb._n of_o copper_n 10_o lb._n of_o tin_n and_o 8_o lb._n of_o latton_n and_o that_o the_o tin_n give_v hardness_n and_o sother_v the_o copper_n and_o latton_n and_o that_o the_o latton_n give_v they_o colour_v together_o add_v the_o more_o force_n to_o resist_v the_o vehemency_n of_o the_o powder_n sire_v in_o they_o so_o that_o they_o make_v the_o piece_n that_o be_v cast_v of_o that_o mixture_n to_o be_v fair_a and_o strong_a alexander_n bianco_n in_o his_o military_a say_v that_o the_o best_a allegation_n of_o those_o metal_n for_o ordnance_n be_v for_o 100_o lb._n of_o copper_n 20_o lb._n of_o tin_n and_o 5_o lb._n of_o brass_n or_o latton_n be_v to_o be_v mix_v diego_n vffano_n in_o his_o instruction_n the_o artillery_n say_v that_o the_o best_a legature_n for_o ordnance_n be_v 100_o lb._n of_o copper_n 8_o lb._n of_o tin_n and_o 5_o lb._n of_o latton_n and_o 10_o lb._n of_o sow-lead_a affirm_v that_o lead_n be_v tough_a and_o cold_a make_v it_o also_o become_v hard_a and_o sicur_fw-fr du_fw-fr prissac_n in_o his_o military_a discourse_n say_v that_o the_o french_a founder_n unto_o every_o 100_o lb._n of_o copper_n do_v either_o add_v 20_o lb._n of_o bell_n mettle_n which_o be_v 25_o lb._n of_o tin_n and_o lead_n for_o 100_o lb._n of_o copper_n or_o brass_n or_o else_o 10_o lb._n of_o soft_a tin_n to_o each_o 100_o pound_n of_o copper_n chap._n xx._n of_o the_o powder_n or_o earth_n to_o make_v the_o mould_v to_o cast_v in_o brass_n ordnance_n for_o the_o founding_n of_o great_a ordnance_n there_o be_v special_a sort_n of_o earth_n whereof_o the_o mould_v and_o model_n be_v compound_v either_o to_o cast_v in_o brass_n or_o iron_n whereof_o it_o behoove_v to_o seek_v the_o best_a namely_o that_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o fire_n and_o receine_v the_o melt_a metal_n so_o that_o they_o may_v render_v they_o to_o be_v cast_v and_o found_v neat_o without_o be_v subject_a either_o to_o be_v diminish_v crack_v or_o peel_v when_o they_o shall_v be_v neal_v which_o be_v such_o a_o matter_n as_o without_o experience_n can_v be_v do_v well_o the_o rather_o be_v cause_n that_o earth_n in_o itself_o general_o take_v can_v safe_o be_v choose_v the_o colour_n thereof_o be_v no_o sufficient_a sign_n for_o we_o see_v some_o earth_n to_o be_v white_a some_o black_a some_o yellow_a and_o other_o red_a and_o of_o each_o some_o be_v good_a some_o bad_a but_o none_o of_o they_o can_v by_o their_o colour_n be_v assure_o say_v or_o choose_v for_o good_a in_o effect_n for_o there_o may_v be_v some_o of_o each_o of_o those_o colour_n good_a yet_o all_o earth_n be_v either_o fat_a or_o lean_a or_o soft_a or_o gross_a or_o viscuous_a whereof_o the_o lean_a soon_o turn_v unto_o dust_n without_o hold_v together_o which_o also_o be_v a_o long_a time_n dry_v and_o be_v but_o of_o little_a continuance_n for_o strength_n the_o fat_a and_o viscous_a earth_n shrink_v and_o chap_n and_o do_v soon_o break_v by_o their_o natural_a brittinesse_n and_o do_v often_o grow_v crooked_a by_o the_o unevennesse_n of_o their_o mixture_n or_o temper_n whereby_o they_o become_v crooked_a in_o the_o mould_n and_o so_o warp_v the_o pattern_n itself_o so_o that_o it_o be_v rare_a that_o such_o a_o piece_n shall_v come_v neat_o or_o well_o out_o of_o the_o mould_n where_o upon_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o good_a earth_n be_v neither_o fat_a nor_o lean_a but_o between_o both_o and_o of_o a_o fine_a and_o subtle_a grain_n or_o mould_n which_o soon_o dri_v and_o remain_v firm_a without_o break_v be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o vehemency_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o such_o earth_n be_v most_o common_o of_o a_o yellow_a or_o red_a colour_n but_o rely_v not_o upon_o the_o colour_n prove_v the_o quality_n of_o your_o earth_n with_o judgement_n and_o so_o will_v experience_n the_o mistress_n of_o art_n be_v your_o best_a tutor_n to_o direct_v you_o to_o the_o best_a powder_n which_o must_v be_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o your_o work_n but_o to_o find_v such_o as_o be_v fit_a for_o your_o work_n it_o behoove_v you_o to_o sink_v diverse_a pit_n or_o cave_n under_o ground_n which_o have_v not_o be_v much_o stir_v and_o after_o you_o have_v begin_v your_o work_n and_o compound_v your_o earth_n in_o a_o bank_n or_o heap_n and_o wet_a and_o moisten_v they_o like_o a_o paste_n begin_v then_o to_o beat_v they_o with_o a_o rod_n of_o iron_n as_o the_o potter_n use_n to_o do_v their_o clay_n then_o take_v two_o three_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a quantity_n and_o mix_v it_o with_o lint_n of_o linen_n cloth_n and_o then_o beat_v the_o same_o again_o together_o until_o they_o be_v well_o incorporate_v that_o they_o may_v appear_v all_o one_o substance_n and_o if_o any_o small_a stone_n shall_v chance_v to_o fall_v among_o it_o to_o pick_v they_o out_o or_o bruise_v they_o as_o small_a as_o may_v be_v thereby_o and_o so_o the_o powder_n be_v well_o temper_v may_v serve_v for_o your_o mould_n and_o form_n some_o if_o they_o can_v have_v such_o earth_n as_o they_o will_v content_v themselves_o with_o such_o as_o they_o can_v get_v which_o when_o they_o