that_o vapour_n draw_v by_o a_o determinate_a heat_n from_o any_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o a_o determinate_a time_n be_v always_o proportionable_a to_o the_o surface_n of_o that_o water_n for_o from_o a_o double_a surface_n there_o will_v be_v exhale_v a_o double_a quantity_n of_o vapour_n from_o a_o triple_a surface_n a_o triple_a quantity_n of_o vapour_n and_o so_o on_o therefore_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v 5000_o time_n big_a than_o the_o mouth_n of_o these_o crack_n there_o will_v be_v exhale_v from_o it_o 5000_o time_n more_o water_n than_o what_o in_o that_o case_n can_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o abyss_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o whole_a crust_n of_o the_o antediluvian_n earth_n be_v but_o of_o the_o same_o bigness_n with_o our_o now_o dry_a land_n it_o will_v have_v but_o one_o five_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o water_n to_o furnish_v it_o that_o our_o present_a earth_n have_v but_o because_o according_a to_o the_o theorist_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o dry_a land_n be_v then_o twice_o as_o big_a as_o it_o be_v now_o there_o be_v at_o that_o time_n no_o ocean_n which_o take_v up_o one_o half_a of_o the_o surface_n therefore_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o any_o particular_a country_n in_o that_o case_n will_v have_v ten_o thousand_o time_n less_o water_n than_o it_o now_o have_v there_o be_v five_o thousand_o time_n few_o vapour_n to_o water_v a_o double_a surface_n of_o land_n that_o be_v in_o a_o country_n as_o big_a as_o the_o island_n of_o britain_n there_o will_v not_o be_v so_o much_o as_o one_o river_n nor_o so_o much_o rain_n in_o a_o year_n as_o do_v now_o fall_v in_o one_o day_n we_o see_v therefore_o how_o well_o the_o theorist_n have_v water_v his_o antediluvian_n earth_n from_o the_o inexhaustible_a treasure_n of_o the_o abyss_n as_o he_o call_v it_o for_o however_o immense_a that_o great_a store-house_n be_v yet_o still_o there_o will_v be_v a_o great_a scarcity_n of_o water_n on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o hence_o we_o may_v full_o answer_v a_o objection_n of_o the_o atheist_n against_o a_o providence_n for_o say_v they_o where_o be_v the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o creator_n in_o have_v so_o much_o useless_a sea_n to_o no_o purpose_n and_o so_o little_a dry_a land_n for_o which_o man_n be_v every_o day_n fight_v may_v not_o the_o half_a of_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v dry_a land_n which_o may_v have_v be_v serviceable_a to_o mankind_n but_o this_o as_o most_o of_o their_o other_o argument_n against_o providence_n proceed_v from_o a_o deep_a ignorance_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n for_o if_o there_o be_v but_o half_a the_o sea_n that_o now_o be_v there_o will_v be_v also_o but_o half_a the_o quantity_n of_o vapour_n and_o consequent_o we_o can_v have_v but_o half_a so_o many_o river_n as_o now_o there_o be_v to_o supply_v all_o the_o dry_a land_n we_o have_v at_o present_a and_o half_a as_o much_o more_o the_o wise_a creator_n therefore_o do_v so_o prudent_o order_v it_o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v large_a enough_o to_o supply_v vapour_n for_o all_o the_o land_n which_o it_o will_v not_o do_v if_o it_o be_v less_o than_o it_o now_o be_v but_o i_o will_v suppose_v with_o the_o theorist_n that_o there_o be_v a_o quantity_n of_o vapour_n exhale_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o abyss_n sufficient_a to_o furnish_v plentiful_o the_o whole_a earth_n yet_o still_o there_o be_v a_o great_a doubt_n how_o river_n can_v be_v form_v for_o what_o way_n can_v the_o vapour_n take_v their_o course_n to_o be_v condense_v and_o form_n spring_n if_o there_o be_v no_o wind_n to_o carry_v they_o certain_o they_o will_v stagnate_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o crack_n and_o leave_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o earth_n never_o a_o whit_n the_o better_a for_o they_o and_o every_o one_o that_o want_v water_n must_v go_v as_o far_o as_o the_o equator_fw-la to_o fetch_v it_o no_o say_v the_o theorist_n there_o be_v no_o need_n for_o that_o the_o vapour_n be_v very_o much_o agitate_a and_o rarify_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o be_v once_o in_o the_o open_a air_n their_o course_n will_v be_v that_o way_n where_o they_o find_v the_o least_o resistance_n to_o their_o motion_n and_o that_o will_v certain_o be_v towards_o the_o pole_n and_o cold_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o east_n and_o west_n they_o will_v meet_v with_o as_o warm_v a_o air_n and_o vapour_n as_o much_o agitate_a as_o themselves_o which_o therefore_o will_v not_o yield_v to_o their_o progress_n that_o way_n but_o towards_o north_n and_o south_n they_o will_v find_v a_o more_o easy_a passage_n the_o cold_a of_o these_o part_n attract_v they_o as_o we_o call_v it_o that_o be_v make_v way_n to_o their_o motion_n and_o dilatation_n without_o much_o resistance_n as_o mountain_n and_o cold_a place_n usual_o draw_v vapour_n from_o the_o warm_a here_o be_v a_o new_a use_n or_o employment_n the_o theorist_n have_v find_v for_o the_o mountain_n and_o cold_a to_o be_v gentlemen-usher_n for_o the_o vapour_n and_o make_v way_n for_o their_o motion_n he_o have_v tell_v we_o before_o that_o the_o cold_a and_o hill_n attract_v vapour_n but_o because_o that_o word_n be_v not_o philosophical_a be_v explode_v and_o ridicule_v by_o those_o who_o call_v themselves_o new_a philosopher_n he_o explain_v himself_o and_o tell_v we_o by_o attraction_n he_o mean_v the_o make_n way_n for_o their_o motion_n and_o dilatation_n but_o how_o a_o mountain_n can_v make_v way_n to_o the_o dilatation_n and_o motion_n of_o vapour_n be_v far_o beyond_o my_o pitch_n of_o understanding_n to_o i_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o they_o shall_v resist_v both_o and_o hinder_v the_o vapour_n either_o from_o move_v forward_o or_o dilate_v themselves_o sure_o i_o be_o cold_a be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v any_o way_n conducive_a to_o the_o dilatation_n of_o vapour_n that_o it_o do_v always_o condense_a they_o as_o be_v plain_a by_o cold_a stone_n wall_n which_o always_o condense_a the_o vapour_n that_o fall_v upon_o they_o but_o the_o vapour_n say_v the_o theorist_n be_v very_o much_o agitate_a by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o give_v they_o their_o motion_n and_o therefore_o they_o will_v take_v their_o course_n towards_o the_o pole_n where_o they_o find_v the_o least_o resistance_n what_o other_o motion_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v give_v they_o but_o upward_o i_o can_v imagine_v for_o by_o it_o they_o be_v raise_v and_o make_v specifical_o light_a than_o the_o air_n in_o which_o they_o swim_v and_o therefore_o by_o a_o know_a principle_n in_o hydrostaticks_n they_o must_v rise_v till_o they_o come_v to_o air_n of_o the_o same_o gravity_n with_o themselves_o but_o then_o what_o shall_v drive_v they_o to_o the_o pole_n their_o great_a agitation_n say_v he_o and_o the_o little_a resistance_n they_o find_v that_o way_n the_o air_n in_o the_o east_n and_o west_n be_v more_o agitate_a than_o that_o towards_o north_n and_o south_n and_o therefore_o will_n more_o resist_v their_o motion_n this_o be_v a_o very_a dark_a answer_n for_o i_o can_v conceive_v why_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o north_n or_o south_n side_n of_o a_o atom_n of_o vapour_n shall_v be_v more_o agitate_a than_o that_o upon_o the_o east_n and_o west_n side_n for_o sure_a i_o be_o there_o be_v the_o same_o degree_n of_o heat_n on_o all_o side_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o upon_o that_o account_n it_o shall_v find_v a_o equal_a resistance_n every_o way_n nay_o the_o theorist_n or_o such_o a_o other_o philosopher_n may_v with_o as_o good_a reason_n have_v prove_v that_o their_o course_n will_v have_v be_v only_a east_n and_o west_n for_o there_o the_o air_n be_v very_o much_o rarify_v and_o make_v thin_a by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o air_n towards_o north_n and_o south_n not_o be_v so_o much_o rarify_v be_v thick_a and_o therefore_o will_v resist_v more_o as_o water_v which_o be_v a_o thick_a medium_n do_v more_o resist_v the_o motion_n of_o body_n in_o it_o than_o air_n this_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o much_o better_o ground_v opinion_n than_o the_o theorist_n though_o both_o of_o they_o be_v absolute_o false_a and_o may_v be_v disprove_v by_o the_o very_a same_o reason_n for_o how_o can_v any_o man_n fancy_v that_o vapour_n only_o drive_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v travel_v some_o thousand_o of_o mile_n through_o a_o fluid_a body_n of_o air_n as_o dense_a as_o themselves_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v against_o the_o common_a notion_n of_o every_o man_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v needs_o no_o particular_a calculation_n i_o can_v but_o believe_v that_o the_o theorist_n do_v see_v these_o absurdity_n since_o they_o be_v so_o very_o palpable_a but_o find_v no_o way_n to_o extricate_v himself_o from_o these_o difficulty_n he_o
stand_v so_o well_o confirm_v by_o real_a miracle_n that_o we_o be_v neither_o to_o make_v nor_o admit_v of_o any_o false_a one_o yet_o certain_o we_o be_v not_o to_o detract_v from_o the_o value_n of_o the_o true_a one_o by_o pretend_v to_o deduce_v they_o from_o natural_a and_o mechanical_a cause_n when_o they_o be_v no_o way_n explicable_a by_o they_o it_o be_v therefore_o both_o the_o easy_a and_o safe_a way_n to_o refer_v the_o wonderful_a destruction_n of_o the_o old_a world_n to_o the_o omnipotent_a hand_n of_o god_n who_o can_v do_v whatsoever_o he_o please_v chap._n ii_o of_o the_o chaos_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v form_v from_o a_o chaos_n must_v be_v unquestionable_o own_a by_o all_o who_o acknowledge_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n for_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o begin_n the_o earth_n be_v without_o form_n and_o void_a and_o darkness_n be_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o deep_a which_o be_v a_o most_o excellent_a description_n of_o that_o chaos_n from_o which_o the_o world_n arise_v from_o it_o therefore_o the_o theorist_n begin_v to_o frame_v his_o antediluvian_n earth_n by_o the_o sole_a help_n of_o natural_a and_o mechanical_a cause_n he_o suppose_v the_o chaos_n to_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o heaven_n without_o form_n or_o regularity_n reduce_v into_o a_o fluid_a mass_n wherein_o be_v the_o material_n and_o ingredient_n of_o all_o body_n mingle_v in_o confusion_n one_o with_o another_o without_o any_o order_n of_o high_a or_o low_o heavy_a or_o light_a solid_a or_o volatile_a the_o first_o change_n he_o imagine_v that_o do_v happen_v to_o this_o mass_n be_v that_o the_o heavy_a and_o gross_a part_n sink_v down_o towards_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o for_o there_o he_o suppose_v the_o centre_n of_o its_o gravity_n and_o constitute_v the_o hard_a and_o solid_a interior_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o mass_n which_o swim_v above_o be_v also_o divide_v by_o the_o same_o principle_n of_o gravity_n into_o two_o order_n of_o body_n the_o one_o liquid_a like_o water_n the_o other_o volatile_a like_o air_n for_o the_o fine_a and_o active_a part_n disintangle_v themselves_o by_o degree_n from_o the_o rest_n do_v mount_v above_o they_o and_o have_v motion_n enough_o to_o keep_v themselves_o upon_o the_o wing_n do_v play_v in_o these_o open_a place_n where_o they_o be_v to_o constitute_v that_o body_n we_o call_v air_n the_o other_o part_n be_v grosser_n than_o these_o settle_v in_o a_o mass_n together_o under_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n compose_v not_o only_a water_n strict_o so_o call_v but_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o liquor_n or_o liquid_a body_n belong_v to_o the_o earth_n of_o which_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n one_o of_o which_o be_v fat_a oily_a and_o light_a and_o the_o other_o lean_a and_o more_o earthy_a like_o common_a water_n now_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o these_o two_o liquor_n mix_v together_o if_o leave_v to_o themselves_o and_o the_o general_a action_n of_o nature_n separate_v one_o from_o another_o as_o in_o cream_n and_o thin_a milk_n oil_n and_o water_n and_o such_o like_a so_o we_o can_v doubt_v but_o that_o the_o same_o effect_n will_v follow_v here_o and_o the_o more_o oily_a and_o light_a part_n of_o this_o mass_n will_v get_v above_o the_o other_o and_o swim_v upon_o it_o thus_o will_v the_o whole_a mass_n of_o liquid_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o lesser_a mass_n now_o if_o we_o look_v over_o again_o these_o two_o great_a mass_n of_o air_n and_o water_n we_o can_v but_o imagine_v that_o they_o be_v both_o at_o first_o very_o muddy_a and_o impure_a for_o the_o air_n be_v yet_o thick_a gross_a and_o dark_a there_o be_v abundance_n of_o terrestrial_a particle_n swim_v in_o it_o still_o after_o the_o gross_a be_v sink_v down_o and_o the_o lesser_a and_o light_a which_o remain_v in_o the_o air_n do_v sink_v too_o but_o more_o slow_o so_o that_o in_o their_o descent_n they_o do_v meet_v with_o the_o oily_a liquor_n upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o deep_a which_o do_v entangle_v and_o stop_v they_o from_o pass_v any_o further_a so_o as_o mix_v there_o with_o that_o unctuous_a substance_n they_o do_v compose_v a_o certain_a slime_n or_o fat_a soft_a earth_n spread_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n and_o this_o thin_a and_o tender_a orb_n increase_v more_o and_o more_o as_o the_o little_a earthy_a particle_n detain_v in_o the_o air_n can_v make_v their_o way_n to_o it_o and_o mingle_v with_o that_o oily_a liquor_n till_o at_o length_n they_o suck_v it_o all_o up_o and_o be_v whole_o incorporate_v together_o which_o be_v the_o first_o concretion_n and_o firm_a consistent_a substance_n upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o chaos_n after_o this_o fashion_n have_v the_o theorist_n form_v his_o antediluvian_n habitable_a world_n which_o do_v not_o much_o differ_v from_o the_o cartesian_a method_n of_o make_v the_o earth_n only_o des_n cartes_n be_v somewhat_o wise_a than_o the_o theorist_n will_v not_o allow_v the_o outward_a crust_n within_o who_o bowel_n the_o water_n be_v shut_v up_o to_o be_v a_o habitable_a earth_n know_v well_o that_o neither_o man_n nor_o beast_n can_v live_v long_o without_o water_n but_o he_o make_v the_o crust_n first_o break_v and_o the_o water_n flow_v out_o before_o he_o place_v any_o inhabitant_n on_o it_o another_o small_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o two_o hypothesis_n be_v that_o mons._n des_n cartes_n never_o think_v of_o make_v the_o exterior_a orb_n of_o oily_a liquid_n which_o the_o theorist_n assert_n to_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a towards_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o crust_n for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o say_v he_o for_o the_o oily_a liquor_n which_o swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o abyss_n the_o particle_n of_o earth_n which_o fall_v through_o the_o air_n have_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o have_v never_o form_v the_o exterior_a orb_n of_o earth_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o i_o believe_v it_o may_v be_v easy_o make_v evident_a though_o neither_o of_o their_o system_n be_v true_a that_o the_o therorist_n hypothesis_n be_v the_o worst_a of_o the_o two_o which_o i_o will_v prove_v from_o his_o own_o concession_n for_o he_o have_v already_o own_a that_o the_o oily_a liquor_n be_v much_o light_a than_o the_o watery_a orb._n he_o have_v mention_v also_o that_o the_o terrestrial_a particle_n when_o fall_v from_o the_o air_n if_o the_o orb_n be_v only_a water_n will_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o therefore_o those_o particle_n must_v be_v heavy_a than_o water_n from_o thence_o i_o think_v it_o do_v necessary_o follow_v that_o these_o terrestrial_a particle_n must_v also_o be_v heavy_a than_o the_o oily_a fluid_n which_o be_v light_a than_o water_n and_o therefore_o they_o will_v more_o easy_o descend_v through_o it_o than_o they_o do_v through_o water_n it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o there_o be_v several_a body_n which_o will_v swim_v in_o water_n but_o sink_v in_o oil_n but_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o have_v deceive_v the_o theorist_n in_o this_o point_n be_v that_o he_o have_v observe_v that_o small_a dust_n though_o specifical_o heavy_a than_o oil_n yet_o be_v throw_v upon_o it_o it_o do_v not_o sink_v and_o therefore_o he_o conclude_v that_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o it_o if_o cast_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o oil_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n will_v not_o descend_v but_o form_n a_o solid_a concrete_a substance_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n but_o this_o consequence_n will_v soon_o appear_v to_o be_v false_a if_o we_o consider_v the_o true_a reason_n why_o some_o body_n though_o specifical_o heavy_a than_o the_o fluid_a in_o which_o they_o be_v put_v do_v not_o sink_v but_o swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n which_o be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o liquid_a in_o nature_n which_o be_v absolute_o fluid_a and_o who_o part_n do_v not_o resist_v separation_n one_o from_o another_o and_o therefore_o will_v somewhat_o hinder_v or_o retard_v the_o descent_n of_o body_n through_o they_o now_o this_o resistance_n all_o other_o thing_n be_v alike_o be_v always_o proportional_a to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o body_n descend_v so_o that_o small_a body_n who_o weight_n or_o force_n to_o move_v or_o separate_v the_o part_n of_o the_o fluid_a be_v but_o very_o little_a may_v have_v a_o surface_n so_o large_a that_o they_o can_v overcome_v the_o resistance_n of_o the_o fluid_a that_o be_v they_o can_v make_v way_n for_o their_o descent_n through_o the_o fluid_a and_o therefore_o must_v swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o but_o the_o surface_v of_o body_n not_o increase_v in_o the_o same_o proportion_n with_o their_o solidity_n or_o weight_n small_a body_n will_n have_v a_o great_a resistance_n in_o proportion_n to_o their_o weight_n than_o great_a one_o of_o the_o same_o intensive_a gravity_n
and_o consequent_o the_o one_o will_v descend_v when_o the_o other_o can_v as_o for_o example_n suppose_v a_o sphere_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n be_v put_v into_o a_o oily_a fluid_n who_o resistance_n be_v just_o equal_a to_o the_o force_n of_o gravity_n in_o the_o descend_a body_n there_o be_v a_o aequilibrium_fw-la the_o former_a will_v swim_v in_o the_o latter_a now_o if_o another_o sphere_n of_o two_o inch_n diameter_n and_o of_o the_o same_o intensive_a gravity_n be_v put_v in_o the_o same_o fluid_a in_o gravity_n or_o force_n by_o which_o it_o will_v separate_v the_o particle_n of_o the_o fluid_a will_v be_v eight_o time_n great_a than_o the_o descend_a force_n of_o the_o former_a sphere_n and_o if_o in_o resistance_n be_v also_o eight_o time_n great_a it_o be_v plain_a that_o it_o also_o can_v not_o descend_v but_o the_o resistance_n be_v always_o as_o i_o note_v before_o as_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o descend_a body_n be_v only_o in_o the_o present_a case_n four_o time_n great_a which_o will_v not_o equal_v the_o force_n of_o its_o gravity_n and_o therefore_o the_o sphere_n must_v descend_v so_o in_o our_o present_a case_n though_o some_o small_a grain_n of_o dust_n or_o earth_n may_v swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o oil_n yet_o these_o when_o increase_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o great_a many_o other_o which_o fall_v upon_o they_o augment_v their_o weight_n the_o same_o resistance_n continue_v and_o must_v fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n beside_o this_o the_o earthy_a particle_n fall_v from_o a_o great_a height_n some_o of_o they_o descend_v from_o place_n as_o high_a as_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o theorist_n will_v have_v they_o must_v needs_o in_o their_o descent_n â—â—â—â—ire_v a_o very_a considerable_a degree_n of_o velocity_n with_o which_o fall_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oily_a orb_n they_o will_v not_o only_o by_o that_o force_n descend_v themselves_o but_o also_o carry_v down_o with_o they_o and_o condense_a whatsoever_o body_n they_o meet_v in_o their_o way_n or_o find_v swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n now_o that_o the_o force_n of_o a_o descend_a body_n be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o perform_v this_o effect_n i_o think_v be_v clear_a to_o any_o who_o consider_v that_o a_o heavy_a body_n run_v down_o fifteen_o foot_n in_o a_o second_o and_o that_o the_o space_n through_o which_o it_o do_v move_v be_v always_o in_o duplicate_v proportion_n to_o its_o time_n as_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o galileo_n and_o confirm_v by_o the_o experiment_n of_o riscioli_n from_o whence_o by_o calculation_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o a_o body_n will_v run_v down_o four_o thousand_o mile_n in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o three_o second_n abstract_v from_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o air_n but_o if_o we_o will_v suppose_v but_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o this_o space_n run_v through_o in_o that_o time_n allow_v all_o the_o rest_n for_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la yet_o even_o in_o that_o case_n the_o velocity_n will_v far_o exceed_v that_o of_o the_o swift_a bullet_n that_o can_v be_v shoot_v out_o of_o a_o cannon_n thus_o i_o think_v i_o have_v make_v it_o evident_a that_o the_o particle_n of_o earth_n after_o fall_v through_o the_o air_n can_v not_o rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oily_a orb_n to_o form_v there_o a_o harden_a habitable_a 〈◊〉_d not_o only_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o great_a gravity_n which_o the_o theorist_n acknowledge_v and_o be_v also_o plain_a by_o experience_n common_a earth_n be_v near_o twice_o as_o heavy_a as_o water_n but_o also_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o great_a force_n by_o which_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n fall_v upon_o the_o liquid_a orb_n which_o will_v carry_v they_o down_o towards_o the_o centre_n i_o hope_v now_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o any_o think_v man_n plain_o impossible_a that_o either_o oil_n or_o water_n shall_v sustain_v such_o a_o immense_a heavy_a orb_n in_o which_o be_v not_o only_o the_o soft_a earth_n which_o in_o few_o place_n in_o ten_o foot_n deep_a but_o also_o a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o stone_n and_o mineral_n much_o heavy_a than_o water_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o great_a heavy_a body_n must_v have_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n if_o they_o be_v leave_v to_o themselves_o and_o yet_o these_o body_n make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o outward_a earth_n i_o know_v the_o theorist_n do_v bold_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v neither_o metal_n nor_o mineral_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n but_o this_o be_v both_o contrary_a to_o reason_n and_o scripture_n for_o the_o holy_a scripture_n tell_v we_o that_o tuhal_v cain_n before_o the_o flood_n be_v a_o instructor_n of_o every_o artificer_n in_o brass_n and_o iron_n and_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v how_o there_o can_v be_v such_o artificer_n before_o the_o flood_n when_o according_a to_o he_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n to_o be_v see_v as_o metal_n beside_o it_o be_v hardly_o possible_a to_o build_v a_o ark_n that_o shall_v contain_v all_o the_o terrestrial_a and_o aerial_a animal_n without_o iron_n the_o american_n without_o any_o iron_n make_v themselves_o small_a cannoe_n of_o one_o solid_a piece_n of_o timber_n which_o they_o hollow_v by_o burn_v but_o it_o will_v be_v a_o strange_a tree_n that_o be_v of_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o ark_n and_o can_v contain_v so_o many_o animal_n as_o it_o do_v these_o thing_n do_v in_o my_o judgement_n plain_o show_v that_o the_o theorist_n opinion_n in_o this_o point_n be_v utter_o false_a from_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v clear_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o fabric_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d can_v never_o be_v deduce_v from_o a_o chaos_n by_o the_o sole_a help_n of_o mechanical_a principle_n and_o natural_a cause_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a to_o any_o one_o who_o have_v eye_n though_o there_o have_v be_v some_o wise_a philosopher_n of_o another_o opinion_n that_o the_o land_n be_v high_a than_o the_o water_n and_o it_o be_v also_o plain_o experience_v that_o common_a arable_a earth_n or_o clay_n be_v much_o heavy_a than_o water_n and_o if_o we_o descend_v into_o the_o mine_n or_o pit_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o matter_n there_o to_o be_v three_o or_o four_o time_n heavy_a than_o the_o earth_n above_o now_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o what_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o in_o a_o chaos_n the_o true_a change_n that_o will_v follow_v from_o mechanical_a principle_n and_o natural_a cause_n be_v that_o if_o all_o be_v fluid_a the_o heavy_a &_o solid_a body_n will_v subside_v and_o fall_v to_o the_o centre_n every_o one_o take_v place_n according_a to_o the_o specific_a gravity_n so_o that_o the_o light_a body_n will_v always_o be_v force_v uppermost_o the_o earth_n therefore_o be_v heavy_a than_o the_o water_n must_v of_o necessary_a place_n itself_o nigh_o the_o centre_n and_o leave_v the_o water_n to_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a orb._n thus_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o world_n can_v never_o be_v inhabit_v by_o any_o other_o animal_n than_o fish_n but_o in_o how_o much_o wise_a order_n than_o this_o have_v the_o great_a creator_n of_o the_o world_n place_v all_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a gravity_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v raise_v high_a than_o the_o sea_n and_o thereby_o make_v fit_a and_o habitable_a both_o for_o man_n and_o beast_n without_o the_o help_n of_o natural_a and_o mechanical_a cause_n which_o will_v have_v produce_v the_o contrary_a effect_n several_a other_o argument_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o fâ—â—me_n of_o this_o world_n be_v the_o result_n of_o wisdom_n and_o counsel_n and_o not_o of_o the_o necessary_a and_o essential_a law_n of_o motion_n and_o gravitation_n which_o can_v never_o have_v either_o make_v or_o support_v the_o world_n i_o always_o wonder_v at_o the_o wild_a and_o extravagant_a fancy_n of_o the_o philosopher_n who_o think_v that_o brute_n and_o stupid_a matter_n will_v by_o itself_o without_o some_o supreme_a and_o intelligent_a director_n fall_v into_o a_o regular_a and_o beautiful_a structure_n who_o part_n shall_v be_v so_o extreme_o well_o adapt_v to_o various_a use_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v the_o result_n of_o wisdom_n and_o contrivance_n i_o will_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o a_o discourse_n of_o the_o theorist_n in_o his_o 10_o the_o chap._n lib._n 2._o in_o the_o construction_n of_o the_o body_n of_o a_o animal_n say_v he_o there_o be_v more_o of_o thought_n and_o contrivance_n more_o of_o exquisite_a invention_n and_o fit_a disposition_n of_o part_n than_o be_v in_o all_o the_o temple_n palace_n ship_n theater_n or_o any_o other_o piece_n of_o architecture_n the_o world_n ever_o yet_o see_v and_o not_o architecture_n only_o but_o all_o other_o mechanism_n whatsoever_o engine_n
contrivance_n that_o they_o demonstrate_v to_o we_o the_o admirable_a wisdom_n of_o their_o great_a maker_n who_o have_v thus_o form_v they_o for_o so_o necessary_a end_n if_o the_o earth_n be_v smooth_a regular_a and_o uniform_a water_n without_o doubt_n will_v stagnate_n and_o stink_n for_o how_o be_v it_o possible_a for_o water_n to_o run_v where_o there_o be_v no_o rise_a ground_n no_o upper_a land_n from_o which_o it_o be_v to_o descend_v to_o the_o low_a and_o even_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o know_v the_o theorist_n think_v that_o he_o have_v clear_o solve_v that_o great_a difficulty_n by_o the_o oval_a figure_n of_o his_o antediluvian_n earth_n in_o which_o he_o fancy_v that_o river_n will_v run_v notwithstanding_o the_o earth_n regular_a and_o even_a surface_n but_o when_o i_o come_v to_o discuss_v that_o point_n i_o will_v show_v that_o the_o earth_n have_v not_o nor_o ever_o have_v any_o such_o oval_a figure_n as_o he_o suppose_v and_o upon_o supposition_n it_o have_v yet_o even_o in_o that_o case_n there_o can_v be_v no_o current_a water_n or_o rivers_n and_o where_o there_o be_v no_o current_a water_n there_o must_v be_v but_o uncomfortable_a live_n how_o many_o great_a part_n of_o the_o world_n lie_v perfect_o destitute_a of_o inhabitant_n for_o want_n of_o water_n traveller_n tell_v we_o fearful_a story_n of_o the_o incredible_a extremity_n they_o have_v suffer_v in_o go_v through_o the_o desert_n of_o arabia_n for_o want_n of_o fresh_a water_n it_o be_v plain_a therefore_o that_o if_o the_o primitive_a earth_n be_v inhabitable_a there_o must_v be_v mountain_n in_o it_o for_o i_o think_v i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o in_o a_o smooth_a regular_a earth_n there_o can_v be_v no_o river_n and_o the_o great_a advantage_n which_o country_n reap_v by_o be_v well_o furnish_v with_o river_n be_v very_o evident_a for_o without_o they_o there_o can_v be_v no_o great_a town_n nor_o any_o converse_n with_o far_o inland_o country_n since_o without_o they_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o supply_v a_o vast_a multitude_n of_o people_n with_o thing_n necessary_a for_o life_n if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v the_o thames_n take_v away_o from_o london_n or_o its_o course_n divert_v so_o as_o to_o be_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o it_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o city_n will_v quick_o to_o its_o loss_n very_o much_o find_v the_o want_n of_o so_o great_a a_o advantage_n and_o from_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a in_o the_o space_n of_o some_o few_o hundred_o year_n it_o will_v come_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o least_o city_n of_o the_o universe_n it_o can_v be_v say_v though_o river_n be_v now_o in_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o world_n of_o great_a use_n and_o benefit_n to_o mankind_n that_o in_o the_o antediluvian_a earth_n there_o be_v no_o such_o necessity_n for_o they_o there_o be_v no_o such_o great_a traffic_n as_o now_o nor_o such_o a_o number_n of_o people_n to_o be_v maintain_v by_o it_o for_o this_o seem_a objection_n be_v clear_o solve_v by_o the_o theorist_n himself_o in_o his_o three_o chapter_n book_n i._o where_o he_o prove_v the_o number_n of_o the_o antediluvian_a people_n to_o have_v be_v at_o least_o as_o great_a as_o they_o be_v now_o and_o the_o world_n altogether_o as_o well_o people_v and_o if_o so_o since_o man_n live_v then_o to_o a_o very_a great_a age_n some_o of_o they_o to_o nine_o hundred_o year_n they_o will_v be_v well_o teach_v by_o experience_n and_o understand_v most_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v useful_a and_o profitable_a for_o they_o as_o well_o as_o we_o do_v now_o but_o i_o need_v not_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v there_o be_v antediluvian_n rivers_n since_o it_o be_v plain_o assert_v by_o moses_n that_o there_o be_v such_o in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o genesis_n who_o authority_n i_o hope_v the_o theorist_n will_v not_o deny_v for_o he_o himself_o acknowledge_v their_o existence_n before_o the_o flood_n and_o endeavour_n to_o explain_v their_o rise_n without_o the_o help_n of_o mountain_n which_o explication_n in_o its_o due_a place_n i_o will_v prove_v to_o be_v false_a and_o impossible_a since_o therefore_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o reason_n from_o scripture_n and_o the_o theorist_n own_o concession_n that_o there_o be_v river_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n and_o see_v it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o such_o to_o be_v without_o mountain_n without_o high_a and_o low_a ground_n the_o theorist_n oval-figured_n earth_n not_o be_v sufficient_a for_o such_o a_o effect_n from_o thence_o it_o do_v 〈◊〉_d evident_o follow_v that_o mountain_n be_v before_o the_o flood_n and_o therefore_o his_o assertion_n that_o the_o primitive_a earth_n be_v smooth_a regular_a and_o uniform_a be_v false_a and_o absurd_a chap._n iu._n of_o the_o perpendicular_a position_n of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a among_o other_o character_n of_o the_o golden_a age_n with_o which_o the_o theorist_n endow_v his_o primitive_a earth_n one_o be_v a_o perpetual_a spring_n which_o be_v then_o all_o the_o world_n over_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o year_n be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o tenor_n face_n and_o temper_n then_o say_v he_o there_o be_v no_o winter_n nor_o summer_n seed_n time_n or_o harvest_n but_o a_o continual_a temperature_n of_o the_o air_n and_o verdure_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o reason_n which_o he_o bring_v for_o this_o assertion_n be_v that_o at_o first_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v parallel_v to_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o consequent_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v coincident_a with_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a the_o sun_n in_o its_o diurnal_a motion_n will_v seem_v to_o move_v always_o in_o the_o aequator_fw-la make_v equal_a day_n and_o night_n throughout_o the_o year_n notwithstanding_o this_o fine_a description_n of_o the_o theorist_n i_o hope_v to_o make_v it_o appear_v in_o this_o chapter_n that_o the_o right_a position_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o he_o call_v it_o be_v so_o very_o far_o from_o be_v desirable_a as_o he_o imagine_v it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o worst_a it_o can_v have_v and_o that_o therefore_o the_o earth_n be_v never_o place_v by_o god_n almighty_a at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n in_o such_o a_o position_n for_o i_o here_o lay_v it_o down_o as_o a_o axiom_n which_o i_o be_o confident_a the_o theorist_n will_v allow_v that_o god_n at_o the_o beginning_n place_v the_o earth_n in_o such_o a_o position_n as_o be_v most_o advantageous_a to_o the_o whole_a and_o though_o perhaps_o another_o position_n may_v have_v be_v fit_a for_o some_o particular_a place_n yet_o the_o whole_a will_v have_v be_v the_o worse_a for_o it_o god_n by_o his_o infinite_a wisdom_n and_o goodness_n always_o choose_v such_o constitution_n and_o position_n of_o thing_n as_o bring_v with_o they_o the_o great_a good_a and_o utility_n to_o the_o universe_n let_v we_o therefore_o consider_v whither_o this_o right_a position_n which_o the_o theorist_n say_v be_v that_o of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n be_v the_o best_a it_o can_v have_v and_o if_o after_o examination_n we_o find_v that_o no_o such_o character_n as_o that_o of_o best_a belong_v to_o it_o but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v by_o far_o more_o disadvantageous_a to_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o present_a one_o we_o may_v confident_o conclude_v from_o the_o above_o mention_a axiom_n that_o the_o earth_n never_o have_v any_o such_o position_n that_o great_a and_o learned_a astronomer_n kepler_n who_o certain_o have_v more_o than_o a_o ordinary_a penetration_n nay_o perhaps_o a_o divine_a impulse_n in_o discover_v the_o work_n of_o nature_n and_o providence_n in_o his_o epitome_n astronomiae_n copernicanae_n have_v show_v that_o the_o present_a position_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_n be_v by_o far_o preferable_a to_o any_o other_o especial_o to_o that_o of_o the_o perpendicular_a position_n to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a for_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o his_o lib._n 3._o part_n 4._o that_o if_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n about_o which_o it_o turn_v stand_v at_o right_a angle_n with_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n turn_v round_o the_o sun_n as_o it_o do_v now_o that_o then_o indeed_o the_o sun_n will_v seem_v to_o rise_v and_o set_v every_o day_n and_o make_v its_o circuit_n from_o west_n to_o east_n under_o the_o fix_a star_n in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o year_n but_o then_o there_o will_v be_v no_o division_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a into_o half_n quarter_n and_o sign_n no_o distinction_n of_o the_o year_n by_o its_o different_a quality_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a every_o night_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o every_o day_n there_o will_v be_v two_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n to_o who_o inhabitant_n more_o
than_o half_a the_o sun_n can_v never_o appear_v but_o its_o centre_n will_v continual_o turn_v round_o in_o their_o orison_n never_o rise_v high_o nor_o fall_v low_o the_o near_a one_o come_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la so_o much_o high_o will_v he_o have_v the_o sun_n in_o his_o meridian_n but_o in_o the_o same_o place_n it_o will_v always_o be_v at_o a_o constant_a height_n at_o twelve_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o sun_n throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n will_v always_o be_v vertical_a when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o there_o only_o will_v there_o be_v a_o intense_a and_o perpetual_a summer_n when_o at_o the_o pole_n and_o in_o place_n near_o they_o there_o will_v be_v a_o eternal_a winter_n without_o any_o intermission_n of_o frost_n and_o snow_n the_o sun_n also_o will_v always_o rise_v and_o set_v in_o the_o same_o point_n of_o their_o orison_n and_o therefore_o there_o will_v be_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o earth_n but_o upon_o the_o 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by_o no_o mean_n fit_a that_o the_o sun_n shall_v shine_v upon_o every_o part_n of_o it_o throughout_o the_o year_n with_o a_o equal_a tenor_n and_o force_n but_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v such_o alteration_n and_o change_n of_o his_o heat_n as_o be_v necessary_a to_o produce_v the_o design_v effect_n for_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o different_a degree_n of_o heat_n be_v require_v for_o the_o production_n and_o ripen_n of_o most_o plant_n the_o heat_n that_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o first_o growth_n of_o a_o vegetable_a not_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o ripen_n and_o perfect_v the_o seed_n thereof_o and_o that_o degree_n of_o heat_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o bring_v the_o seed_n to_o perfection_n will_v quite_o wither_v the_o green_a and_o tender_a herb_n now_o all_o this_o be_v obtain_v by_o the_o present_a position_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o inclination_n of_o its_o axis_n to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a for_o from_o thence_o arise_v the_o variety_n of_o season_n and_o different_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a we_o perceive_v in_o the_o spring_n time_n that_o we_o have_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n still_o increase_v in_o such_o a_o measure_n as_o the_o plant_n require_v for_o their_o nutrition_n and_o growth_n at_o last_o the_o sun_n arrive_v at_o his_o great_a meridian_n height_n and_o then_o the_o plant_n bring_v forth_o their_o seed_n which_o grow_v every_o day_n more_o and_o more_o perfect_a and_o then_o be_v full_o ripe_a and_o fit_a for_o food_n and_o when_o the_o sun_n have_v perform_v his_o work_n in_o our_o part_n of_o the_o world_n he_o return_v again_o to_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n to_o make_v room_n for_o the_o snow_n and_o ice_n which_o come_v in_o the_o winter_n for_o the_o moisten_a and_o prepare_v the_o earth_n for_o a_o new_a crop_n and_o though_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n they_o never_o have_v any_o snow_n or_o ice_n yet_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a to_o they_o there_o fall_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o rain_n as_o not_o only_o cool_v the_o air_n and_o make_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n tolerable_a but_o also_o fatten_v the_o ground_n and_o prepare_v it_o for_o the_o production_n of_o fruit_n but_o there_o be_v one_o more_o considerable_a advantage_n which_o we_o reap_v by_o the_o present_a position_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o i_o will_v here_o insert_v because_o i_o do_v not_o know_v that_o it_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o any_o and_o it_o be_v that_o by_o the_o present_a inclination_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_fw-la to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_n we_o who_o live_v beyond_o forty_o five_o degree_n of_o latitude_n have_v more_o of_o the_o sun_n heat_n throughout_o the_o year_n than_o if_o the_o sun_n shine_v always_o in_o the_o equator_fw-la that_o be_v if_o we_o take_v the_o sum_n of_o the_o sun_n action_n upon_o we_o both_o in_o summer_n and_o winter_n they_o be_v great_a than_o its_o heat_n will_v be_v if_o it_o move_v always_o in_o the_o equator_fw-la or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n the_o aggregate_v of_o the_o sun_n heat_n upon_o we_o while_o it_o describe_v any_o two_o opposite_a parallel_n be_v great_a than_o it_o will_v be_v if_o in_o these_o two_o day_n it_o describe_v the_o equator_fw-la whereas_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o even_o in_o the_o temperate_a almost_o as_o far_o as_o forty_o five_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o sum_n of_o the_o sun_n heat_n in_o summer_n and_o winter_n be_v less_o than_o what_o it_o will_v be_v be_v the_o axis_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_n i_o know_v dr._n bently_n in_o his_o last_o lecture_n for_o the_o confutation_n of_o atheism_n assert_n that_o tho_o the_o axis_fw-la have_v be_v perpendicular_a yet_o take_v the_o whole_a year_n about_o we_o shall_v have_v have_v the_o same_o measure_n of_o heat_n we_o have_v now_o but_o i_o be_o not_o surprise_v to_o find_v a_o error_n of_o this_o nature_n assert_v by_o one_o who_o as_o it_o appear_v be_v not_o very_o well_o skill_v in_o astronomy_n for_o in_o the_o same_o lecture_n he_o confident_o say_v that_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o fact_n and_o experience_n that_o the_o moon_n always_o show_v the_o same_o face_n to_o we_o not_o once_o wheel_v about_o her_o own_o centre_n whereas_o it_o be_v evident_a to_o any_o one_o who_o think_v that_o the_o moon_n show_v the_o same_o face_n to_o we_o for_o this_o very_a reason_n because_o she_o do_v turn_v once_o in_o the_o time_n of_o her_o period_n about_o her_o own_o centre_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o great_a critic_n will_v confine_v their_o labour_n to_o their_o lexicon_n and_o not_o venture_v to_o guess_v in_o those_o part_n of_o learning_n which_o be_v capable_a
writer_n of_o hydrostaticks_n that_o a_o sphere_n who_o centre_n of_o gravity_n be_v the_o same_o with_o its_o centre_n of_o magnitude_n if_o put_v in_o a_o fluid_fw-la of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o itself_o will_v retain_v any_o give_a position_n and_o therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o earth_n gravity_n or_o equilibration_n why_o the_o position_n of_o its_o axis_fw-la shall_v be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a rather_o than_o any_o other_o of_o its_o diameter_n chap._n v._o of_o river_n the_o theorist_n have_v represent_v to_o we_o the_o first_o earth_n as_o a_o smooth_a regular_a and_o uniform_a body_n without_o mountain_n and_o without_o a_o sea_n in_o the_o 5_o chap._n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o start_v a_o great_a difficulty_n how_o it_o be_v water_v from_o what_o cause_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n how_o can_v fountain_n rise_v or_o river_n flow_v in_o a_o earth_n of_o that_o form_n and_o nature_n he_o have_v shut_v up_o the_o sea_n with_o thick_a wall_n on_o every_o side_n and_o take_v away_o all_o communication_n that_o can_v be_v betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o external_a earth_n he_o have_v remove_v all_o the_o hill_n and_o mountain_n where_o the_o spring_n use_v to_o rise_v and_o whence_o the_o river_n descend_v to_o water_v the_o face_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o last_o he_o have_v leave_v no_o issue_n for_o these_o river_n no_o ocean_n to_o receive_v they_o or_o any_o place_n to_o disburden_v themselves_o into_o so_o that_o his_o new_a find_v world_n be_v like_a to_o be_v a_o dry_a and_o barren_a wilderness_n and_o so_o far_o from_o be_v paradisaical_a that_o it_o will_v scarce_o be_v habitable_a these_o indeed_o be_v great_a difficulty_n and_o the_o theorist_n have_v acknowledge_v they_o to_o be_v such_o for_o he_o say_v there_o be_v nothing_o in_o his_o whole_a theory_n that_o give_v so_o rude_a a_o stop_n to_o his_o thought_n as_o that_o part_n of_o it_o concern_v the_o river_n of_o the_o first_o earth_n but_o as_o the_o difficulty_n be_v great_a and_o as_o one_o will_v think_v insuperable_a so_o no_o doubt_n the_o glory_n that_o redound_v to_o the_o theorist_n must_v be_v nothing_o less_o if_o they_o be_v clear_o take_v away_o to_o understand_v therefore_o what_o the_o state_n of_o the_o primitive_a river_n and_o water_n will_v be_v he_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o consider_v and_o examine_v how_o the_o rain_n fall_v in_o the_o first_o earth_n and_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o a_o will_v be_v very_o different_a from_o what_o it_o be_v now_o there_o can_v be_v no_o violent_a motion_n there_o nor_o any_o thing_n that_o proceed_v from_o extremity_n of_o cold_a as_o ice_n snow_n or_o hail_n and_o as_o for_o wind_n they_o can_v neither_o be_v impetuous_a nor_o irregular_a in_o that_o earth_n of_o he_o see_v there_o be_v no_o mountain_n nor_o any_o other_o inequality_n to_o obstruct_v the_o course_n of_o the_o vapour_n nor_o any_o unequal_a season_n nor_o unequal_a action_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o as_o for_o water_n meteor_n dew_n and_o rain_n there_o can_v not_o but_o be_v plenty_n of_o these_o in_o some_o part_n or_o other_o of_o that_o earth_n for_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o raise_v vapour_n be_v very_o strong_a and_o very_o constant_a and_o the_o earth_n be_v at_o first_o moist_a and_o soft_a and_o according_a as_o it_o grow_v more_o dry_a the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v pierce_v more_o deep_a into_o it_o and_o reach_v at_o length_n the_o great_a abyss_n which_o lie_v underneath_o and_o be_v a_o unexhausted_a storehouse_n of_o new_a vapour_n now_o the_o same_o heat_n which_o extract_v these_o vapour_n so_o copious_o will_v also_o hinder_v they_o from_o condense_v into_o rain_n in_o the_o warm_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o there_o be_v no_o mountain_n or_o contrary_a wind_n or_o any_o such_o cause_n to_o stop_v or_o compress_v they_o they_o will_v take_v their_o course_n where_o they_o be_v least_o resist_v which_o be_v towards_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o cold_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o east_n and_o west_n they_o will_v meet_v with_o as_o warm_v a_o air_n and_o vapour_n as_o much_o agitate_a as_o themselves_o which_o therefore_o will_v not_o yield_v to_o their_o progress_n that_o way_n but_o north_n and_o south_n they_o will_v find_v a_o more_o easy_a passage_n so_o that_o the_o concourse_n of_o vapour_n which_o be_v raise_v chiefty_a about_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o middle_a part_n of_o it_o will_v be_v towards_o the_o extreme_a part_n or_o the_o pole_n when_o these_o vapour_n thus_o drive_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v arrive_v in_o the_o cool_a region_n near_o the_o pole_n they_o will_v be_v condense_v into_o rain_n for_o want_v there_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o agitation_n namely_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n their_o motion_n will_v soon_o begin_v to_o languish_v and_o they_o will_v fall_v close_o to_o one_o another_o in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n thus_o he_o think_v he_o have_v find_v a_o sufficient_a source_n for_o water_n in_o the_o first_o earth_n which_o will_v never_o fail_v neither_o diminish_v nor_o overflow_v but_o though_o he_o esteem_v this_o a_o inexhaustible_a store-house_n and_o a_o easy_a way_n to_o furnish_v water_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v narrow_o examine_v he_o will_v find_v it_o not_o in_o the_o least_o sufficient_a for_o such_o a_o effect_n for_o first_o according_a to_o his_o own_o hypothesis_n there_o can_v be_v no_o river_n for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o earth_n till_o the_o sun_n have_v crack_v the_o outward_a crust_n thereof_o and_o its_o heat_n have_v reach_v the_o great_a abyss_n which_o the_o theorist_n must_v needs_o own_o will_v require_v a_o very_a considerable_a space_n of_o time_n one_o will_v think_v it_o will_v be_v several_a hundred_o of_o year_n before_o the_o sun_n heat_n can_v perform_v such_o a_o effect_n during_o all_o 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a_o quantity_n as_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o furnish_v the_o earth_n with_o water_n and_o now_o the_o theorist_n will_v tell_v we_o what_o can_v be_v more_o sufficient_a than_o the_o whole_a orb_n of_o water_n sure_o this_o will_v do_v or_o else_o nothing_o can_v this_o he_o will_v say_v be_v a_o inexhaustible_a treasure_n that_o the_o river_n can_v never_o drain_v and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o want_n of_o water_n from_o thence_o yes_o there_o be_v reason_n to_o fear_v it_o very_o much_o for_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v enough_o in_o the_o abyss_n yet_o perhaps_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v not_o raise_v so_o much_o as_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o water_v the_o earth_n so_o there_o may_v be_v enough_o of_o gold_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o if_o we_o can_v come_v at_o it_o we_o shall_v never_o be_v the_o rich_a for_o it_o that_o i_o may_v examine_v this_o i_o will_v suppose_v that_o the_o mouth_n of_o these_o crack_n which_o the_o 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appear_v to_o be_v impossible_a on_o his_o hypothesis_n for_o these_o reason_n first_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o a_o comet_n be_v a_o very_a clear_a and_o pellucid_a body_n that_o do_v free_o admit_v both_o the_o light_n and_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n through_o it_o and_o consequent_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n to_o be_v make_v but_o that_o a_o eye_n place_v within_o will_v have_v the_o sun_n very_o visible_a and_o conspicuous_a to_o it_o it_o be_v evident_a therefore_o grant_v this_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v form_v from_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o a_o comet_n that_o the_o mosaic_a account_n of_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n can_v never_o be_v understand_v of_o render_v they_o visible_a since_o according_a to_o such_o a_o hypothesis_n they_o must_v have_v be_v always_o so_o 2_o dly_z whatever_o mr._n whiston_n may_v imagine_v of_o the_o sun_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o moon_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o mosaic_a creation_n be_v form_v or_o at_o least_o place_v in_o its_o orbit_n and_o make_v to_o turn_v round_o the_o earth_n for_o no_o comet_n have_v any_o secondary_a planet_n which_o move_v round_o they_o since_o then_o the_o moon_n do_v not_o before_o that_o time_n appertain_v to_o the_o earth_n but_o be_v real_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o mosaic_a creation_n if_o not_o create_v and_o form_v at_o least_o bring_v into_o a_o new_a orbit_n and_o make_v to_o move_v about_o we_o to_o give_v we_o light_n in_o the_o night_n time_n we_o must_v necessary_o acknowledge_v that_o when_o god_n be_v say_v to_o have_v make_v the_o moon_n there_o must_v be_v something_o more_o understand_v than_o a_o mere_a render_v of_o it_o visible_a and_o because_o the_o word_n make_v be_v equal_o apply_v in_o scripture_n both_o to_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n of_o both_o that_o be_v in_o a_o literal_a one_o viz._n that_o they_o be_v real_o create_v when_o in_o scripture_n they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v on_o the_o four_o day_n of_o the_o mosaic_a creation_n 3_o dly_z mr._n whiston_n suppose_v that_o the_o sun_n act_v so_o very_o strong_o the_o second_o day_n of_o the_o creation_n on_o the_o earth_n that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o draw_v a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o vapour_n into_o the_o air_n such_o as_o be_v sufficient_a enough_o when_o they_o fall_v in_o rain_n to_o produce_v all_o the_o sea_n lake_n and_o river_n that_o be_v in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n but_o how_o the_o sun_n can_v have_v such_o a_o extraordinary_a influence_n on_o the_o earth_n without_o be_v visible_a be_v a_o question_n which_o i_o believe_v can_v be_v easy_o answer_v for_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n when_o it_o shine_v bright_a and_o clear_a and_o its_o influence_n when_o it_o be_v obscure_v with_o cloud_n and_o vapour_n indeed_o one_o will_v think_v that_o it_o will_v require_v a_o prodigious_a heat_n to_o elevate_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o vapour_n in_o one_o half_a year_n as_o will_v fill_v all_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o lake_n with_o water_n i_o be_o sure_a that_o the_o sun_n now_o when_o it_o be_v bright_a be_v not_o able_a to_o perform_v any_o such_o effect_n for_o if_o we_o shall_v collect_v all_o the_o rain_n that_o fall_v in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o year_n on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o will_v not_o rise_v on_o the_o whole_a surface_n of_o the_o earth_n above_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a high_a which_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o make_v the_o thousand_o part_n of_o a_o ocean_n since_o then_o according_a to_o mr._n whiston_n the_o sun_n be_v capable_a on_o the_o second_o day_n to_o perform_v a_o effect_n some_o hundred_o of_o time_n great_a than_o its_o heat_n when_o it_o shine_v clear_a and_o bright_a be_v able_a to_o do_v on_o our_o earth_n i_o think_v we_o may_v undoubted_o conclude_v that_o it_o must_v have_v be_v visible_a even_o at_o that_o time_n that_o be_v it_o must_v have_v be_v visible_a before_o it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v make_v which_o can_v be_v imagine_v in_o whatever_o sense_n we_o take_v the_o word_n make_v indeed_o i_o can_v but_o think_v it_o strange_a that_o mr._n whiston_n shall_v suppose_v that_o there_o be_v some_o hundred_o of_o time_n more_o water_n draw_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o one_o half_a year_n than_o there_o be_v now_o exhale_a from_o our_o earth_n in_o double_a that_o time_n since_o he_o himself_o acknowledge_v that_o we_o do_v every_o day_n enjoy_v more_o of_o its_o heat_n and_o light_n than_o the_o primitive_a earth_n can_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v do_v for_o a_o considerable_a space_n of_o time_n this_o
reason_n that_o i_o can_v be_v induce_v to_o believe_v mr._n whistons_n hypothesis_n that_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o diurnal_a rotation_n before_o the_o fall_n to_o be_v probable_a it_o seem_v to_o be_v far_o more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o philosophy_n that_o the_o earth_n receive_v both_o its_o annual_a and_o diurnal_a motion_n at_o the_o same_o time_n viz._n when_o it_o be_v first_o create_v these_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o principle_n remark_n that_o i_o have_v make_v on_o the_o original_a state_n and_o formation_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o will_v now_o brief_o consider_v his_o theory_n of_o the_o deluge_n which_o be_v in_o short_a thus_o he_o suppose_v that_o a_o comet_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n come_v very_o near_o and_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o comet_n when_o it_o come_v below_o the_o moon_n will_v raise_v a_o vast_a and_o strong_a tide_n both_o in_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v then_o on_o the_o surface_n and_o in_o the_o abyss_n which_o be_v under_o the_o upper_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o moon_n do_v at_o present_a in_o the_o ocean_n that_o this_o tide_n will_v begin_v to_o rise_v and_o increase_v all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o comet_n &_o will_v be_v at_o its_o great_a height_n when_o the_o comet_n be_v at_o its_o least_o distance_n from_o the_o earth_n by_o this_o tide_n and_o the_o attraction_n of_o the_o comet_n he_o suppose_v that_o the_o abyss_n will_v put_v on_o a_o elliptic_a or_o rather_o a_o exact_o oval_a figure_n who_o surface_n be_v much_o large_a than_o the_o former_a spherical_a one_o the_o exterior_a crust_n of_o earth_n which_o lie_v upon_o it_o must_v conform_v itself_o to_o the_o same_o figure_n which_o it_o can_v not_o do_v as_o long_o as_o it_o remain_v solid_a and_o conjoin_v and_o therefore_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n by_o the_o violent_a force_n of_o the_o tide_n be_v stretch_v and_o break_v and_o have_v innumerable_a fissure_v make_v quite_o through_o it_o after_o this_o he_o suppose_v that_o the_o comet_n in_o its_o descent_n towards_o the_o sun_n pass_v close_o by_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n involve_v it_o in_o its_o atmosphere_n and_o tail_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n and_o leave_v prodigious_a quantity_n of_o condense_a and_o expanded_a vapour_n on_o its_o surface_n a_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v very_o much_o rarify_v after_o their_o primary_n fall_v will_v be_v immediate_o draw_v up_o into_o the_o air_n again_o and_o afterward_o descend_v in_o violent_a and_o outrageous_a rain_n upon_o the_o earth_n and_o will_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o forty_o day_n rain_n mention_v in_o scripture_n the_o other_o great_a rain_n which_o together_o with_o the_o former_a last_v a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o day_n be_v occasion_v as_o he_o think_v by_o the_o earth_n be_v involve_v a_o second_o time_n in_o the_o comet_n tail_n from_o which_o and_o from_o its_o atmosphere_n he_o derive_v one_o half_a of_o the_o water_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o deluge_n the_o other_o half_o he_o suppose_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o subterraneous_a abyss_n the_o fluid_a whereof_o he_o say_v be_v force_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o vast_a and_o prodigious_a pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n that_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o comet_n atmosphere_n and_o tail_n which_o he_o suppose_v will_v press_v downward_o with_o a_o mighty_a force_n and_o endeavour_v to_o sink_v the_o outward_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o abyss_n by_o which_o vast_a quantity_n of_o the_o subterraneous_a fluid_n will_v be_v force_v and_o raise_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o crust_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o tide_n in_o the_o abyss_n by_o these_o method_n mr._n whiston_n suppose_v that_o there_o be_v water_n enough_o bring_v on_o the_o surface_n to_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n for_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o three_o mile_n that_o be_v above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n but_o he_o further_o suppose_v that_o neither_o that_o water_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o comet_n nor_o that_o which_o be_v force_v up_o from_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v pure_a elementary_a water_n but_o rather_o a_o thick_a and_o muddy_a fluid_n which_o he_o say_v be_v heavy_a than_o water_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o cover_v the_o earth_n for_o the_o depth_n of_o 166_o foot_n after_o have_v thus_o form_v the_o deluge_n his_o next_o great_a work_n be_v to_o remove_v these_o water_n which_o be_v bring_v on_o the_o earth_n and_o this_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o a_o wind_n which_o dry_v up_o some_o and_o force_v the_o rest_n through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v of_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o abyss_n in_o which_o a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v be_v before_o and_o from_o whence_o they_o be_v derive_v these_o be_v the_o supposition_n by_o which_o mr._n whiston_n pretend_v to_o account_v for_o all_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o deluge_n but_o though_o i_o can_v easy_o allow_v the_o first_o hypothesis_n to_o be_v true_a viz._n that_o a_o comet_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n come_v very_o near_o and_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n since_o its_o approach_n at_o that_o time_n be_v not_o only_o make_v possible_a but_o also_o very_o probable_a by_o he_o yet_o i_o can_v admit_v of_o the_o particular_a explication_n he_o have_v give_v of_o several_a of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o deluge_n a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o as_o he_o have_v explain_v they_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o way_n agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o mechanic_n and_o philosophy_n for_o first_o though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o a_o comet_n when_o it_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n will_v raise_v a_o very_a strong_a and_o prodigious_a tide_n in_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v then_o on_o the_o surface_n yet_o i_o can_v perceive_v that_o such_o a_o effect_n will_v be_v produce_v in_o the_o abyss_n which_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o dense_n and_o heavy_a fluid_n encompass_v on_o all_o side_n with_o a_o thick_a and_o solid_a crust_n of_o earth_n lie_v close_o upon_o it_o for_o tide_n be_v only_o a_o violent_a swell_a and_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n produce_v by_o the_o attraction_n of_o some_o great_a body_n that_o come_v near_o they_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v that_o the_o water_n be_v every_o where_o shut_v up_o within_o a_o solid_a orb_n lie_v on_o they_o so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o room_n or_o space_n leave_v for_o they_o to_o move_v in_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n there_o can_v be_v no_o tide_n or_o agitation_n of_o the_o water_n but_o they_o will_v remain_v in_o the_o state_n they_o be_v in_o before_o nor_o can_v they_o press_v strong_a on_o that_o orb_n which_o enclose_v they_o than_o sand_n gravel_n or_o any_o other_o firm_a and_o hard_a body_n will_v do_v that_o can_v fill_v their_o place_n all_o body_n whether_o firm_a or_o fluid_a be_v equal_o attract_v when_o the_o attract_v body_n be_v at_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o they_o this_o be_v then_o the_o true_a case_n of_o the_o abyss_n which_o mr._n whiston_n suppose_v to_o be_v enclose_v by_o the_o thick_a solid_a and_o upper_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o press_v so_o close_o upon_o it_o as_o to_o leave_v no_o void_a space_n at_o least_o not_o such_o a_o one_o as_o will_v make_v room_n enough_o for_o any_o considerable_a commotion_n of_o the_o water_n and_o because_o fluid_n be_v not_o more_o attract_v than_o solid_n be_v it_o be_v plain_a that_o by_o the_o tide_n of_o the_o abyss_n and_o the_o attraction_n of_o the_o comet_n there_o can_v never_o be_v produce_v any_o great_a effect_n on_o the_o crust_n which_o encompass_v the_o subterraneous_a fluid_n than_o if_o the_o whole_a earth_n have_v consist_v of_o firm_a and_o solid_a matter_n without_o any_o abyss_n it_o be_v certain_a therefore_o that_o since_o there_o be_v no_o tide_n in_o the_o abyss_n there_o can_v be_v no_o crack_n and_o fissure_v make_v in_o the_o earth_n by_o it_o to_o explain_v the_o great_a rain_n which_o fall_v on_o the_o earth_n during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n mr._n whiston_n assume_v a_o proposition_n which_o i_o believe_v he_o can_v hardly_o prove_v viz._n that_o after_o the_o earth_n be_v involve_v in_o the_o comet_n be_v atmosphere_n and_o tail_n and_o have_v acquire_v a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o condense_a and_o expanded_a vapour_n that_o fall_v on_o its_o surface_n a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v much_o rarify_v will_v be_v draw_v up_o again_o into_o the_o air_n and_o afterward_o descend_v in_o violent_a and_o outrageous_a rain_n now_o if_o we_o consider_v
the_o incredible_a velocity_n with_o which_o these_o vapour_n descend_v which_o mr._n whiston_n calculate_v to_o be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o descend_v eight_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o eight_o mile_n in_o a_o minute_n and_o the_o great_a resistance_n they_o meet_v with_o in_o their_o descent_n through_o the_o air_n and_o the_o force_n by_o which_o they_o fall_v on_o the_o ground_n we_o must_v necessary_o acknowledge_v that_o they_o must_v have_v be_v condense_v and_o turn_v into_o water_n by_o such_o a_o resistance_n and_o fall_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o when_o vapour_n fall_v they_o must_v meet_v with_o a_o great_a check_n and_o resistance_n from_o the_o air_n by_o which_o their_o part_n will_v be_v press_v close_o together_o and_o as_o their_o velocity_n increase_v so_o will_v the_o resistance_n and_o their_o density_n till_o at_o last_o their_o part_n come_v to_o be_v as_o close_o unite_v as_o it_o be_v possible_a and_o then_o they_o will_v fall_v in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n thus_o it_o be_v without_o doubt_n when_o it_o rain_v for_o we_o must_v not_o imagine_v that_o rain_n drop_v have_v the_o same_o form_n and_o density_n in_o the_o cloud_n with_o which_o they_o arrive_v at_o the_o ground_n for_o water_n be_v of_o a_o great_a intensive_a gravity_n than_o air_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v sustain_v in_o it_o but_o when_o it_o be_v expanded_a into_o vapour_n now_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o observation_n on_o the_o barescope_n that_o whenever_o the_o vapour_n begin_v to_o descend_v the_o air_n be_v light_a than_o it_o be_v before_o it_o therefore_o not_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v they_o they_o must_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n but_o in_o their_o way_n they_o meet_v with_o a_o great_a resistance_n and_o check_v from_o the_o air_n and_o so_o must_v necessary_o be_v condense_v and_o fall_v in_o drop_n of_o water_n on_o the_o ground_n and_o since_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o medium_n be_v always_o as_o the_o square_n of_o the_o velocity_n with_o which_o the_o body_n move_v through_o it_o and_o because_o the_o velocity_n of_o vapour_n which_o fall_v from_o the_o comet_n to_o the_o earth_n must_v have_v be_v according_a to_o mr._n whiston_n some_o thousand_o of_o time_n great_a than_o the_o velocity_n with_o which_o common_a vapour_n or_o rain_n descend_v it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o resistance_n the_o vapour_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o comet_n meet_v with_o be_v some_o million_o of_o time_n great_a than_o the_o resistance_n of_o common_a vapour_n when_o it_o descend_v but_o the_o resistance_n of_o common_a vapour_n when_o it_o descend_v be_v great_a enough_o to_o condense_a it_o into_o water_n it_o be_v evident_a therefore_o that_o all_o such_o vapour_n as_o descend_v from_o the_o comet_n must_v have_v be_v of_o necessity_n condense_v into_o water_n long_o before_o they_o ever_o touch_v the_o earth_n see_v then_o they_o descend_v on_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n and_o see_v there_o be_v no_o sufficient_a cause_n that_o can_v immediate_o raise_v and_o mount_v they_o up_o again_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n not_o be_v great_a enough_o for_o such_o a_o effect_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o they_o can_v never_o rise_v up_o again_o to_o produce_v the_o forty_o day_n rain_v mention_v in_o scripture_n mr._n whiston_n have_v as_o he_o imagine_v explain_v the_o great_a rain_n which_o fall_v on_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n do_v in_o the_o next_o place_n proceed_v to_o show_v how_o the_o water_n of_o the_o abyss_n be_v force_v up_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o become_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o universal_a flood_n this_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o vast_a quantity_n of_o water_n that_o have_v descend_v from_o the_o comet_n which_o he_o say_v be_v of_o a_o prodigious_a weight_n will_v press_v the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n downward_o with_o a_o mighty_a force_n and_o endeavour_v to_o sink_v it_o deep_o into_o the_o abyss_n by_o this_o pressure_n the_o water_n of_o the_o abyss_n will_v be_v force_v upward_o through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v new_o make_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o tide_n on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n he_o endeavour_v to_o illustrate_v this_o method_n of_o operation_n by_o the_o example_n of_o a_o stone_n or_o marble_n cylinder_n exact_o fit_v to_o a_o hollow_a cylindrical_a vessel_n that_o it_o may_v just_o ascend_v or_o descend_v free_o within_o it_o he_o suppose_v the_o stone_n cylinder_n to_o have_v hole_n bore_v in_o it_o quite_o through_o parallel_n to_o its_o axis_n and_o let_v down_o in_o the_o hollow_a cylinder_n which_o be_v half_a full_a of_o water_n till_o it_o touch_v the_o water_n then_o if_o each_o of_o the_o hole_n be_v fill_v with_o oil_n or_o some_o other_o fluid_a light_a than_o water_n he_o say_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o cylinder_n press_v on_o the_o water_n will_v squeeze_v the_o oil_n on_o its_o surface_n through_o the_o hole_n and_o throw_v it_o out_o with_o some_o violence_n and_o this_o will_v be_v a_o just_a representation_n of_o the_o deluge_n there_o be_v but_o one_o possible_a case_n wherein_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n can_v sink_v the_o crust_n deep_o into_o the_o abyss_n and_o that_o be_v if_o the_o water_n which_o lay_v on_o the_o surface_n can_v not_o descend_v through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v of_o the_o earth_n and_o though_o i_o can_v see_v nothing_o that_o can_v hinder_v they_o from_o descend_v yet_o if_o i_o shall_v suppose_v that_o they_o do_v not_o i_o can_v evident_o prove_v by_o calculation_n that_o such_o a_o pressure_n can_v never_o raise_v the_o abyss_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o crust_n to_o demonstrate_v this_o i_o assume_v the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o comet_n to_o have_v be_v a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o whole_a crust_n though_o doubtless_o this_o be_v much_o great_a than_o in_o reality_n it_o can_v be_v allow_v to_o have_v be_v and_o because_o according_a to_o mr._n whiston_n the_o column_n of_o which_o the_o crust_n be_v compose_v be_v about_o four_o time_n heavy_a than_o common_a water_n it_o follow_v that_o a_o column_n of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o crust_n who_o base_a be_v equal_a to_o the_o base_a of_o the_o incumbent_a column_n of_o water_n and_o one_o four_o part_n of_o its_o height_n will_v weigh_v as_o much_o or_o press_v the_o crust_n as_o much_o downward_o as_o the_o whole_a column_n of_o water_n can_v do_v but_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n be_v a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o whole_a crust_n the_o height_n of_o the_o additional_a column_n that_o weigh_v as_o much_o as_o the_o water_n must_v be_v a_o forty_o part_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o crust_n from_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o height_n or_o thickness_n of_o the_o crust_n before_o the_o additional_a column_n be_v lay_v on_o be_v to_o its_o thickness_n after_o the_o additional_a column_n be_v lay_v on_o as_o 40_o be_v to_o 41._o the_o whole_a problem_n than_o be_v plain_o reduce_v to_o this_o have_v two_o cylinder_n or_o column_n of_o the_o same_o intensive_a gravity_n but_o of_o different_a height_n that_o swim_v in_o any_o fluid_fw-la to_o find_v what_o proportion_n the_o part_n or_o height_n immerge_v bear_v to_o one_o another_o by_o a_o know_a proposition_n in_o hydrostaticks_n the_o part_n immerge_v of_o each_o cylinder_n bear_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a cylinder_n that_o the_o intensive_a gravity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n bear_n to_o the_o intensive_a gravity_n of_o the_o fluid_a from_o thence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o part_n immerge_v have_v the_o same_o proportion_n that_o their_o respective_a whole_a cylinder_n have_v to_o one_o another_o which_o in_o the_o present_a case_n be_v as_o forty_o to_o forty_o one_o by_o this_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o additional_a weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n will_v not_o sink_v the_o crust_n above_o one_o forty_o part_n deep_o into_o the_o abyss_n than_o it_o be_v before_o and_o therefore_o it_o can_v never_o rise_v by_o such_o a_o pressure_n so_o high_a as_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v that_o the_o pressure_n on_o the_o crust_n shall_v be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o press_v the_o abyss_n upward_o and_o the_o water_n in_o it_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n when_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n have_v ascend_v to_o the_o surface_n there_o must_v be_v a_o communication_n between_o the_o abyss_n and_o it_o by_o this_o communication_n the_o water_n on_o the_o surface_n must_v necessary_o descend_v and_o lie_v immediate_o on_o
surface_n of_o the_o land_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n be_v equal_a to_o a_o cylinder_n who_o base_a be_v equal_a to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o land_n and_o its_o height_n two_o mile_n and_o because_o in_o two_o mile_n there_o be_v eight_o quarter_n of_o one_o mile_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o water_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o cover_v the_o land_n must_v be_v equal_a to_o eight_o ocean_n of_o water_n which_o together_o with_o the_o other_o twelve_o make_v twenty_o ocean_n of_o water_n but_o because_o the_o whole_a land_n be_v not_o so_o thick_o cover_v with_o hill_n as_o i_o have_v suppose_v it_o be_v indeed_o not_o possible_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v and_o because_o there_o be_v but_o few_o hill_n so_o high_a as_o i_o have_v suppose_v they_o all_o to_o be_v we_o must_v at_o least_o allow_v two_o ocean_n more_o on_o these_o two_o account_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a amount_n to_o two_o and_o twenty_o ocean_n of_o water_n which_o together_o with_o the_o water_n that_o do_v now_o compose_v the_o present_a ocean_n make_v three_o and_o twenty_o ocean_n of_o water_n which_o be_v the_o least_o that_o can_v be_v necessary_a for_o a_o universal_a deluge_n if_o the_o height_n of_o the_o great_a hill_n be_v four_o mile_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ocean_n as_o most_o probable_o it_o be_v by_o varenius_n calculation_n the_o water_n that_o must_v be_v require_v to_o drown_v the_o whole_a earth_n must_v be_v no_o less_o than_o twenty_o eight_o ocean_n of_o water_n but_o i_o will_v here_o suppose_v there_o be_v no_o more_o water_n than_o what_o be_v require_v by_o the_o former_a supposition_n though_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o mr._n whiston_n to_o suppose_v all_o this_o or_o even_o a_o much_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o a_o comet_n yet_o i_o believe_v he_o will_v not_o find_v it_o so_o easy_a a_o task_n to_o remove_v it_o again_o from_o the_o earth_n he_o himself_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o air_n can_v receive_v and_o sustain_v but_o very_o inconsiderable_a quantity_n of_o it_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o entire_a mass_n of_o water_n which_o then_o lie_v on_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o this_o water_n can_v descend_v through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v of_o the_o earth_n which_o of_o necessity_n must_v have_v be_v all_o full_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n for_o water_n can_v lie_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n till_o all_o the_o crack_n holes_n and_o fissure_v in_o it_o be_v first_o fill_v this_o be_v so_o evident_o certain_a both_o to_o sense_n and_o experience_n that_o i_o think_v it_o beyond_o all_o contadiction_n true_a it_o be_v as_o impossible_a to_o make_v water_n lie_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n before_o all_o its_o crack_n pit_n and_o holes_n be_v fill_v as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v a_o vessel_n retain_v water_n who_o bottom_n be_v bore_v through_o with_o hole_n but_o though_o i_o shall_v suppose_v that_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v remain_v empty_a during_o the_o deluge_n which_o be_v indeed_o a_o impossible_a supposition_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o fissure_n can_v receive_v but_o little_o more_o water_n than_o what_o be_v at_o first_o derive_v from_o they_o for_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o mr._n whiston_n lie_v immediate_o on_o the_o dense_n and_o heavy_a abyss_n and_o water_n be_v light_a than_o it_o it_o be_v absolute_o impossible_a that_o ever_o water_n shall_v settle_v itself_o between_o the_o crust_n and_o the_o abyss_n it_o be_v therefore_o clear_a that_o no_o more_o water_n can_v descend_v through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v of_o the_o earth_n than_o what_o they_o be_v able_a to_o contain_v or_o what_o have_v first_o ascend_v through_o they_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o mr._n whiston_n suppose_v to_o be_v half_o the_o water_n necessary_a for_o make_v the_o deluge_n and_o must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o former_a calculation_n at_o least_o eleven_o ocean_n of_o water_n though_o indeed_o i_o can_v easy_o understand_v how_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o they_o to_o contain_v and_o receive_v so_o much_o what_o then_o can_v we_o imagine_v will_v become_v of_o the_o rest_n for_o after_o that_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v complete_o fill_v there_o will_v remain_v eleven_o ocean_n more_o to_o be_v dispose_v of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o imaginable_a place_n in_o the_o earth_n able_a to_o receive_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v clear_a even_o to_o a_o demonstration_n that_o all_o this_o water_n can_v never_o be_v remove_v by_o natural_a mean_n these_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o substantial_a point_n i_o have_v consider_v in_o mr._n whiston_n new_a theory_n i_o may_v have_v make_v several_a objection_n against_o other_o part_n of_o it_o and_o particular_o i_o may_v have_v take_v notice_n of_o some_o mistake_v he_o have_v make_v in_o geometry_n but_o because_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o theory_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o they_o i_o have_v pass_v they_o over_o if_o mr._n whiston_n will_v be_v please_v to_o make_v any_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n i_o have_v here_o make_v i_o will_v desire_v of_o he_o that_o whatsoever_o difficulty_n he_o design_n to_o remove_v he_o will_v do_v it_o by_o clear_a and_o distinct_a reason_n from_o mechanical_a principle_n if_o he_o find_v himself_o press_v with_o any_o objection_n which_o he_o can_v answer_v i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o he_o will_v have_v the_o ingenuity_n to_o own_v it_o i_o know_v there_o be_v some_o philosopher_n that_o never_o miss_v to_o tell_v their_o reader_n they_o reason_v clear_o and_o distinct_o when_o no_o body_n else_o can_v discover_v the_o consequence_n but_o themselves_o and_o when_o they_o be_v sore_o press_v with_o any_o difficulty_n they_o make_v a_o long_a discourse_n about_o some_o thing_n the_o reader_n know_v not_o what_o and_o endeavour_v to_o get_v off_o in_o a_o mist_n of_o word_n but_o i_o expect_v no_o such_o deal_n from_o one_o of_o mr._n whiston_n candour_n and_o sincerity_n finis_fw-la finis_fw-la dr._n burthogge_n burthogge_n see_v the_o preface_n and_o page_n 125._o first_o part_n and_o page_n 147._o part_n second_o oxford_z edition_n edition_n warren_n geology_n page_n 116._o 116._o philosophical_a transaction_n number_v 192._o 192._o see_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o 105_o the_o page_n page_n archaeologiae_fw-la philosoph_n p._n 320_o 321._o