Selected quad for the lemma: earth_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
earth_n	air_n	cold_a	heat_n	2,615	5	8.3304	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A49545	Plain and full instructions to raise all sorts of fruit-trees that prosper in England in that method and order, that everything must be done in, to give all the advantage, may be, to every tree as it is rising from its seed, till it come to its full growth : together with all necessary directions about those several ways of making plantations, either of wall-fruit, or dwarf-trees in gardens, or large standard-trees in orchards or fields : touching which last, because it's so vast in improvement of land, all the profitable and practical ways are here directed to with all exactness : and in the last place the best directions are given for making liquors of the several sorts of fruit / by T. Langford.	Langford, T.	1681 (1681)	Wing L388; ESTC R13964	68,292	176

and_o often_o not_o till_o april_n because_o this_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o best_a way_n of_o graft_n they_o but_o if_o you_o will_v graff_n any_o apple_n in_o the_o cleave_a you_o may_v do_v it_o a_o little_a soon_o perhaps_o you_o may_v not_o have_v several_a sort_n of_o plum_n cherry_n or_o pear_n so_o near_o you_o as_o that_o you_o may_v get_v bud_n fresh_a enough_o for_o inoculation_n in_o this_o case_n you_o may_v procure_v cyens_n and_o graff_n they_o and_o they_o will_v continue_v fresh_a though_o you_o shall_v send_v for_o they_o from_o beyond_o sea_n order_v cut_v and_o order_v sect._n 4._o these_o cyens_n may_v be_v keep_v three_o week_n or_o a_o month_n after_o they_o be_v cut_v before_o they_o be_v use_v and_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o fortnight_n or_o three_o week_n betwixt_o the_o time_n of_o their_o be_v cut_v and_o of_o their_o be_v graff_v that_o the_o stock_n in_o that_o time_n may_v be_v more_o replenish_v with_o sap_n and_o the_o cyen_n be_v more_o empty_a of_o it_o to_o keep_v your_o cyens_n or_o graff_n after_o they_o be_v cut_v you_o need_v not_o as_o some_o direct_a bury_v they_o in_o moist_a mould_n for_o this_o may_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o make_v they_o swell_v and_o bud_v forth_o by_o receive_v moisture_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o then_o when_o by_o graft_n they_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o cold_a open_a air_n they_o will_v be_v in_o danger_n to_o wither_v and_o die_v before_o they_o have_v nourishment_n from_o the_o stock_n you_o may_v lay_v they_o in_o a_o dry_a house_n so_o it_o be_v near_o no_o heat_n or_o under_o a_o old_a tree_n or_o hedge_n and_o cover_v they_o all_o over_o with_o dry_a mould_n that_o the_o air_n may_v not_o have_v too_o much_o influence_n upon_o they_o though_o they_o seem_v somewhat_o dry_a yet_o if_o they_o cut_v with_o a_o fresh_a colour_n and_o be_v not_o much_o wither_v they_o will_v not_o grow_v the_o worse_a but_o rather_o the_o better_a yea_o some_o that_o have_v seem_v wither_v be_v carry_v in_o a_o cloak-bag_n seventy_o or_o eighty_o mile_n have_v grow_v well_o suffer_v not_o the_o bud_n to_o be_v hurt_v or_o rub_v in_o the_o bind_n or_o carriage_n graft_n of_o joint_n and_o height_n of_o graft_n sect._n 5._o there_o be_v some_o indifferent_a whether_o they_o graff_n at_o a_o joint_n or_o no_o but_o forecast_n to_o have_v a_o bud_n direct_o behind_o the_o shoulder_n of_o the_o cyen_n if_o cyens_n with_o joint_n be_v scarce_o you_o may_v practice_v so_o on_o small_a stock_n that_o will_v be_v speedy_o cover_v but_o if_o cyens_n can_v be_v have_v with_o joint_n never_o graff_n with_o other_o for_o these_o will_v cover_v the_o stock_n soon_o it_o will_v do_v well_o in_o graft_n stock_n for_o large_a standard_n to_o put_v but_o one_o cyen_v into_o a_o stock_n and_o if_o it_o put_v forth_o several_a shoot_v to_o cut_v off_o all_o but_o one_o that_o be_v the_o straight_a and_o strong_a but_o for_o dwarf_n and_o wall-fruit_n put_v in_o two_o cyens_n if_o the_o stock_n be_v big_a enough_o let_v the_o late_a be_v graff_v near_o the_o ground_n the_o former_a at_o such_o height_n as_o the_o stock_n will_v allow_v t●ees_n mark_v t●ees_n sect._n 6._o in_o graft_n or_o inoculate_v it_o may_v be_v necessary_a to_o have_v some_o mark_n to_o know_v what_o kind_n of_o fruit_n be_v put_v upon_o each_o stock_n if_o you_o graff_n many_o of_o one_o kind_n as_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o cyder-fruit_n you_o may_v observe_v to_o make_v every_o row_n to_o consist_v but_o of_o one_o kind_n and_o it_o be_v but_o enter_v in_o a_o book_n that_o such_o a_o row_n have_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o fruit_n in_o it_o and_o no_o other_o but_o where_o there_o be_v several_a in_o one_o row_n there_o may_v be_v a_o stake_n knock_v into_o the_o ground_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o every_o new_a sort_n and_o so_o enter_v in_o your_o book_n and_o where_o you_o have_v very_o few_o of_o a_o kind_n or_o for_o your_o whole_a nursery_n if_o you_o please_v you_o may_v make_v mark_n of_o several_a figure_n or_o shape_n in_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o stock_n which_o mark_n enter_v into_o your_o book_n and_o what_o kind_n it_o denote_v and_o at_o two_o or_o three_o year_n when_o you_o remove_v it_o the_o mark_n will_v be_v very_o visible_a and_o by_o renew_v the_o mark_n sometime_o you_o may_v continue_v it_o as_o long_o as_o you_o please_v and_o if_o any_o tree_n be_v steal_v you_o may_v own_v it_o by_o the_o mark_n chap._n viii_o of_o plant_v wall-fruit_n sect_n 1._o time_n time_n stone-fruit_n will_v be_v first_o ready_a to_o remove_v for_o after_o two_o year_n growth_n in_o the_o seed-plot_n or_o nursery_n after_o they_o be_v inoculate_v or_o graff_v you_o may_v well_o remove_v they_o be_v they_o for_o wall_n or_o dwarf_n which_o you_o ought_v to_o do_v in_o october_n or_o november_n early_o remove_v be_v advantageous_a for_o all_o fruit-tree_n both_o for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o grow_a and_o for_o their_o well_o grow_v young_a tree_n have_v be_v take_v up_o about_o november_n and_o the_o end_n of_o the_o root_n cut_v off_o and_o lay_v in_o the_o earth_n till_o march_v to_o be_v plant_v be_v then_o take_v forth_o again_o it_o have_v appear_v that_o they_o have_v put_v out_o many_o fibrous_a root_n at_o the_o end_n of_o those_o big_a root_n that_o be_v cut_v off_o which_o have_v they_o do_v in_o the_o place_n they_o be_v to_o grow_v in_o the_o next_o summer_n this_o will_v have_v be_v a_o good_a preparation_n against_o spring_n and_o it_o be_v always_o see_v that_o tree_n set_v in_o february_n or_o march_n make_v general_o a_o much_o less_o growth_n the_o next_o year_n than_o those_o that_o be_v set_v before_o winter_n if_o a_o dry_a summer_n happen_v to_o succeed_v it_o often_o kill_v some_o of_o the_o late_o set_v tree_n and_o put_v such_o a_o stop_n to_o other_o that_o they_o recover_v not_o of_o many_o year_n in_o sharp_a frost_n though_o you_o can_v dig_v it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o remove_v tree_n distance_n prepare_v ground_n and_o distance_n sect._n 2._o make_v a_o trench_n by_o the_o wall-side_n you_o be_v to_o set_v they_o up_o to_o about_o two_o foot_n broad_a and_o as_o deep_a and_o in_o every_o place_n where_o a_o tree_n be_v to_o be_v set_v about_o a_o yard_n square_a mingle_v good_a old_a rot_a neats-dung_n with_o the_o earth_n and_o fill_v it_o up_o near_o as_o high_a as_o you_o intend_v the_o border_n to_o be_v and_o when_o you_o have_v fill_v it_o about_o half_o full_a tread_v it_o down_o but_o if_o you_o design_v no_o border_n make_v then_o only_o a_o hole_n for_o each_o tree_n of_o the_o square_a before_o mention_v but_o if_o your_o soil_n be_v wet_a or_o bind_v gravel_n or_o such_o like_a very_o bad_a in_o the_o bottom_n go_v not_o so_o deep_a it_o will_v be_v better_a to_o set_v they_o shallow_a and_o raise_v the_o earth_n about_o they_o as_o to_o the_o distance_n wall-fruit-tree_n be_v to_o be_v set_v at_o where_o they_o be_v to_o grow_v you_o may_v learn_v that_o best_a by_o consider_v their_o aptness_n to_o spread_v apricock_n and_o pear_n spread_v most_o the_o may_v cherry_n and_o some_o other_o be_v of_o very_o small_a growth_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o give_v rule_n for_o all_o but_o the_o general_a distance_n be_v about_o four_o yard_n asunder_o they_o mix_v soil_n and_o set_v they_o sect._n 3_o if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o manure_v land_n you_o set_v they_o in_o have_v in_o readiness_n some_o very_a fine_a rich_a mould_n or_o shovel_v of_o a_o yard_n where_o cattle_n be_v frequent_o lodge_v or_o feed_v that_o have_v lie_v on_o heap_n till_o it_o be_v mellow_a and_o become_v dry_a or_o rot_a neats-dung_n which_o you_o may_v mix_v with_o the_o earth_n that_o come_v forth_o of_o the_o hole_n and_o so_o order_v it_o that_o it_o may_v be_v as_o good_a or_o better_a than_o that_o out_o of_o which_o your_o tree_n come_v fill_v the_o hole_n half_a way_n up_o with_o this_o and_o tread_v it_o down_o in_o such_o form_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n that_o be_v to_o be_v set_v in_o it_o that_o the_o root_n may_v rest_v close_o upon_o it_o cut_a off_o the_o end_n of_o all_o the_o root_n if_o it_o have_v one_o long_o downright_a root_n you_o may_v cut_v it_o almost_o half_o off_o try_v by_o set_v the_o tree_n in_o the_o hole_n which_o side_n will_v stand_v best_a to_o the_o wall_n and_o then_o cut_v off_o such_o branch_n as_o grow_v direct_o towards_o and_o fromward_o the_o wall_n leave_v only_o the_o side_n branch_n to_o be_v nail_v unto_o it_o then_o clap_v your_o tree_n in_o place_v it_o as_o far_o from_o the_o wall_n as_o the_o top_n will_v allow_v

likelihood_n lose_v at_o last_o but_o if_o a_o man_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o raise_v a_o good_a new_a fence_n about_o a_o field_n he_o design_n to_o enclose_v which_o he_o can_v keep_v for_o four_o or_o five_o year_n together_o to_o bear_v corn_n or_o clover-grass_n to_o mow_v that_o cattle_n may_v be_v so_o long_o keep_v out_o of_o it_o he_o may_v do_v it_o rare_o well_o by_o sow_v apple-kernel_n of_o as_o many_o sort_n as_o he_o will_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o new_a make_v ditch-bank_n make_v the_o dead_a hedge_n that_o be_v usual_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bank_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o ditch_n to_o defend_v they_o when_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o he_o may_v plash_n this_o hedge_n leave_v at_o every_o four_o or_o five_o yard_n distance_n one_o of_o the_o best_a tree_n to_o grow_v up_o which_o of_o themselves_o will_v bear_v good_a cyder-fruit_n or_o may_v be_v graff_v to_o bear_v what_o please_v the_o owner_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n in_o a_o little_a time_n and_o with_o small_a charge_n he_o shall_v have_v a_o fruitbearing_a and_o impregnable_a hedge_n kernel_n of_o the_o pith_n and_o kernel_n sect._n 7._o it_o be_v hold_v by_o some_o that_o the_o kernel_n of_o the_o fruit_n have_v a_o great_a dependence_n upon_o and_o sympathy_n with_o the_o pith_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o that_o hollow-tree_n though_o they_o grow_v and_o bear_v fruit_n yet_o that_o fruit_n have_v few_o kernel_n in_o it_o and_o those_o little_a better_o than_o wither_a husk_n when_o i_o be_v a_o young_a planter_n i_o be_v once_o in_o want_n of_o pear-stock_n and_o make_v my_o complaint_n to_o a_o ancient_a practiser_n a_o man_n of_o very_o good_a judgement_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o that_o know_v he_o and_o he_o tell_v i_o he_o have_v oft_o sow_v kernel_n of_o pear_n and_o never_o can_v get_v any_o to_o grow_v yet_o i_o procure_v some_o seed_n of_o pear_n from_o the_o mill_n that_o be_v very_o ripe_a and_o have_v stock_n enough_o from_o they_o which_o make_v i_o believe_v my_o friend_n take_v his_o kernel_n from_o a_o tree_n that_o be_v hollow-hearted_a as_o pear-tree_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o be_v than_o any_o other_o fruit-tree_n i_o mention_v this_o the_o rather_o because_o if_o a_o planter_n try_v any_o thing_n but_o once_o and_o fail_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v discourage_v and_o particular_o in_o this_o but_o if_o he_o can_v get_v ripe_a seed_n which_o will_v be_v then_o very_a black_a and_o of_o a_o sound_a tree_n he_o need_v not_o doubt_v the_o success_n and_o to_o have_v plenty_n of_o stock_n such_o as_o be_v best_a for_o large_a standard_n for_o orchard_n or_o field_n there_o be_v no_o better_a way_n of_o raise_v they_o than_o by_o kernel_n with_o which_o a_o man_n can_v no_o way_n be_v plentiful_o and_o easy_o provide_v but_o at_o the_o time_n and_o place_n of_o make_v perry_n though_o he_o do_v send_v some_o mile_n for_o they_o i_o shall_v end_v this_o chapter_n with_o this_o one_o observation_n more_o not_o unsuitable_a to_o what_o go_v before_o and_o which_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o verify_v more_o than_o once_o or_o twice_o in_o my_o own_o experience_n that_o there_o be_v some_o hollow_a fruit-tree_n that_o bear_v fruit_n so_o much_o more_o excellent_a than_o any_o of_o the_o same_o kind_a the_o owner_n have_v have_v or_o can_v elsewhere_o meet_v with_o that_o they_o have_v be_v very_o desirous_a to_o propagate_v from_o they_o but_o never_o can_v any_o manner_n of_o way_n raise_v young_a one_o of_o those_o old_a tree_n that_o will_v bear_v so_o good_a a_o fruit_n which_o seem_v to_o infer_v that_o the_o fruit_n of_o a_o tree_n may_v be_v the_o better_a for_o the_o pith_n be_v consume_v and_o if_o that_o be_v true_a it_o must_v be_v so_o because_o the_o pith_n convey_v to_o the_o fruit_n a_o worse_a sort_n of_o juice_n than_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n do_v and_o therefore_o be_v free_v from_o that_o infection_n by_o the_o consumption_n of_o the_o pith_n the_o fruit_n become_v more_o choice_n and_o delicate_a and_o that_o the_o pith_n be_v the_o conveyance_n of_o a_o courser_n or_o other_o sort_n of_o juice_n be_v render_v in_o some_o sort_n probable_a because_o as_o have_v be_v before_o observe_v the_o kernel_n of_o fruit_n depend_v much_o upon_o the_o pith_n which_o almost_o never_o produce_v such_o good_a fruit_n as_o they_o come_v out_o of_o and_o general_o much_o worse_a chap._n iii_o of_o transplant_n the_o seedling_n seeding_n of_o remove_v seeding_n sect_n 1._o in_o october_n after_o one_o summer_n growth_n in_o the_o seed-plot_n you_o ought_v to_o draw_v up_o with_o your_o hand_n such_o of_o your_o crab_n apple_n or_o pear-seedlings_a as_o you_o sin_v grow_v above_o a_o foot_n in_o height_n as_o for_o those_o from_o stone_n they_o need_v not_o be_v remove_v but_o inoculate_v in_o the_o seminary_n the_o stone_n be_v set_v at_o the_o distance_n aforesaid_a when_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o cut_v off_o the_o side-sprigg_n from_o about_o the_o top_n and_o the_o string_n from_o about_o the_o root_n and_o snip_n off_o the_o extremity_n both_o of_o the_o top_n that_o it_o may_v not_o run_v too_o fast_o upward_a but_o the_o body_n may_v grow_v in_o bigness_n and_o of_o the_o tap_n or_o heart-root_n that_o it_o may_v not_o run_v direct_o downward_o lest_o it_o run_v further_a than_o the_o good_a soil_n but_o may_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o spread_v its_o root_n in_o breadth_n have_v bed_n ready_o prepare_v of_o good_a fertile_a dry_a earth_n not_o over_o rich_a lest_o upon_o removal_n afterward_o into_o a_o much_o worse_a soil_n as_o for_o the_o most_o part_n orchard_n and_o field_n ground_n be_v your_o tree_n come_v of_o a_o sudden_a from_o such_o delicate_a food_n to_o such_o course_n fare_v pine_v away_o if_o they_o do_v not_o perish_v and_o this_o be_v but_o reasonable_o think_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o many_o tree_n buy_v out_o of_o london_n nursery_n which_o be_v vast_o deep_a with_o fat_a and_o rich_a manure_n decay_n or_o come_v on_o very_o poor_o when_o they_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o country_n therefore_o upon_o every_o removal_n endeavour_v to_o have_v earth_n as_o good_a or_o better_a to_o place_n next_o the_o root_n than_o that_o out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v take_v if_o any_o of_o these_o spring_n upright_o top_v they_o early_o it_o will_v make_v they_o grow_v big_a body_v and_o so_o become_v soon_o ready_a for_o graft_n they_o of_o save_v they_o sect._n 2._o let_v every_o bed_n you_o make_v for_o set_v these_o plant_n in_o be_v about_o two_o foot_n broad_a leave_v room_n betwixt_o each_o bed_n to_o walk_v and_o work_v about_o they_o without_o prejudice_v the_o plant_n set_v two_o row_n a_o foot_n or_o more_o distant_a each_o from_o other_o on_o every_o bed_n by_o draw_v a_o line_n and_o prick_a hole_n a_o full_a foot_n asunder_o let_v the_o hole_n be_v so_o deep_a that_o if_o the_o root_n be_v not_o very_o long_o you_o may_v set_v your_o plant_n at_o least_o two_o singer_n breadth_n deep_a in_o the_o ground_n than_o they_o grow_v in_o the_o seed-plot_n close_o the_o mould_n about_o they_o and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o very_a dry_a time_n water_n they_o the_o same_o day_n the_o better_a to_o settle_v the_o earth_n about_o they_o if_o you_o can_v get_v old_a fearn_n in_o some_o place_n call_v also_o brake_n or_o for_o want_n of_o it_o straw_n or_o new_a dung_n cover_v the_o bed_n with_o it_o which_o will_v keep_v the_o root_n warm_a in_o the_o winter_n and_o preserve_v they_o from_o overmuch_a heat_n in_o the_o summer_n if_o the_o land_n be_v any_o whit_n stiff_a this_o cover_n will_v make_v it_o mellow_a and_o when_o rot_a enrich_v it_o and_o very_o much_o hinder_v the_o growth_n of_o weed_n which_o ought_v due_o to_o be_v pluck_v up_o and_o put_v new_a fearn_n etc._n etc._n as_o the_o old_a rot_n they_o of_o dress_v they_o sect._n 3_o those_o of_o your_o plant_n which_o be_v not_o grow_v above_o a_o foot_n in_o height_n you_o may_v let_v remain_v in_o your_o seed-plot_n till_o another_o year_n if_o you_o intend_v to_o raise_v any_o stock_n to_o be_v set_v out_o in_o field_n before_o they_o be_v graff_v you_o need_v not_o top_v they_o upon_o their_o first_o removal_n neither_o need_v you_o remove_v they_o till_o they_o be_v grow_v high_a enough_o to_o stand_v in_o the_o field_n if_o you_o find_v that_o they_o spread_v their_o root_n and_o run_v not_o downward_o as_o in_o gravelly_a and_o such_o kind_n of_o soil_n they_o will_v not_o be_v apt_a to_o do_v and_o by_o the_o first_o you_o draw_v up_o you_o may_v judge_v of_o the_o rest_n whether_o they_o do_v or_o no_o if_o you_o reserve_v any_o for_o this_o use_n you_o have_v best_o choose_v such_o as_o grow_v straight_o

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the_o mound_n make_v of_o it_o will_v mellow_v and_o improve_v about_o the_o root_n and_o also_o by_o that_o time_n the_o root_n spread_v as_o far_o as_o the_o ditch_n it_o will_v be_v fill_v up_o with_o mould_n fall_v from_o the_o tump_n and_o with_o stick_n leaf_n etc._n etc._n which_o will_v be_v rot_v loose_a and_o good_a for_o tree_n to_o root_n in_o and_o by_o that_o time_n they_o will_v need_v little_a or_o no_o defence_n if_o any_o at_o all_o a_o few_o thorn_n tie_v about_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n to_o keep_v cattle_n from_o rub_v against_o they_o will_v be_v enough_o 5._o the_o chief_a benefit_n of_o set_v tree_n thus_o be_v that_o where_o the_o soil_n be_v somewhat_o too_o moist_a or_o shallow_a the_o tree_n be_v set_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o land_n will_v put_v forth_o its_o root_n plentiful_o into_o the_o earth_n cast_v up_o and_o thence_o shoot_v into_o the_o upper_a turf_n and_o best_a land_n that_o have_v be_v plough_v and_o manure_v before_o 2._o the_o 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