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so_o much_o wood_n and_o the_o more_o you_o cut_v they_o the_o more_o they_o put_v out_o and_o beside_o natural_o aspire_v to_o be_v tall_a they_o never_o bear_v fruit_n to_o purpose_n if_o depress_v and_o subdue_v to_o another_o figure_n they_o be_v to_o be_v prune_v in_o the_o same_o season_n with_o the_o espallier_n their_o form_n ought_v to_o be_v round_o you_o must_v take_v from_o they_o the_o branch_n that_o cross_v one_o another_o not_o leave_v they_o too_o much_o wood_n take_v heed_n that_o the_o branch_n do_v not_o shade_v one_o another_o and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o too_o thick_a especial_o within_o of_o the_o tree_n which_o be_v evermore_o to_o be_v discharge_v of_o wood_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v useless_a in_o that_o part_n and_o never_o bear_v any_o fruit_n the_o pear-tree_n of_o this_o sort_n ought_v to_o be_v plant_v at_o the_o distance_n of_o twelve_o or_o at_o least_o ten_o foot_n from_o one_o another_o they_o may_v be_v plant_v in_o the_o 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extend_v their_o head_n that_o they_o bow_v back_o again_o towards_o the_o earth_n as_o if_o they_o be_v raise_v in_o tall_a standard_n the_o plumb-tree_n be_v much_o more_o patient_a of_o the_o knife_n and_o suffer_v his_o superfluous_a wood_n to_o be_v take_v from_o he_o much_o more_o willing_o than_o the_o cherry_n from_o which_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v also_o requisite_a to_o prune_v away_o a_o little_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o tree_n when_o it_o be_v too_o thick_a and_o to_o bring_v it_o into_o this_o figure_n you_o must_v stop_v the_o graft_n betimes_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v shoot_v three_o or_o four_o inch_n and_o make_v they_o turn_v down_o again_o towards_o the_o ground_n the_o cherrytree_n will_v not_o be_v so_o often_o cut_v as_o the_o plumb_n and_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o take_v away_o his_o superfluous_a wood_n from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o tree_n only_o when_o you_o perceive_v it_o to_o be_v too_o thick_a appletree_n do_v also_o very_o well_o in_o 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not_o very_o proper_a for_o any_o but_o moist_a place_n and_o in_o such_o soyl_v it_o be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o best_a it_o be_v true_a that_o when_o it_o be_v very_o well_o waste_v and_o decay_a it_o may_v be_v use_v in_o all_o place_n and_o put_v to_o all_o use_n but_o general_o speak_v it_o be_v much_o more_o proper_a for_o potherb_n and_o for_o pulse_n that_o be_v all_o sort_n of_o pease_n and_o bean_n than_o for_o tree_n and_o be_v best_a to_o be_v lay_v upon_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n that_o the_o rain_n and_o forst_n may_v perish_v it_o and_o make_v it_o lose_v it_o be_v too_o great_a heat_n after_o which_o when_o you_o give_v your_o tree_n the_o first_o husbandry_n in_o the_o spring_n you_o may_v turn_v it_o in_o swines-dung_n be_v of_o all_o
have_v advance_v so_o much_o towards_o its_o perfection_n as_o for_o what_o concern_v espallier_n there_o be_v yet_o another_o inconvenience_n that_o hinder_v they_o which_o shall_v also_o be_v speak_v of_o in_o its_o due_a place_n 12._o the_o hole_n be_v thus_o make_v you_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o cull_v out_o tree_n all_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o stature_n and_o those_o either_o already_o graft_v which_o be_v by_o much_o the_o best_a for_o the_o reason_n shall_v be_v give_v when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o pepin-fruit_n or_o if_o those_o be_v not_o to_o be_v have_v than_o stock_n of_o the_o same_o height_n to_o graft_v upon_o that_o be_v of_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n on_o the_o bowl_n and_o about_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n thick_a for_o you_o must_v ever_o be_v careful_a to_o measure_v the_o height_n to_o this_o proportion_n of_o thickness_n which_o also_o be_v to_o be_v choose_v straight_o and_o careful_o pull_v up_o with_o all_o their_o root_n in_o plant_v of_o which_o it_o will_v be_v very_o good_a to_o give_v they_o some_o help_n under_o the_o root_n of_o fat_a earth_n or_o dung_n well_o rot_v and_o earth_n mix_v together_o wherein_o you_o be_v also_o to_o be_v careful_a that_o the_o dung_n do_v not_o touch_v the_o root_n for_o one_o may_v easy_o assist_v a_o tree_n already_o plant_v from_o above_o but_o we_o never_o rifle_v again_o under_o the_o root_n to_o help_v it_o there_o 13._o before_o you_o place_v the_o tree_n in_o the_o hole_n design_v for_o it_o you_o must_v refresh_v the_o root_n by_o neat_o cut_v off_o the_o extremity_n with_o your_o pruning-knife_n and_o you_o be_v always_o to_o cut_v they_o on_o the_o under-side_n so_o that_o the_o wound_n and_o cut_n may_v exact_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o be_v from_o those_o cut_v that_o the_o tree_n thrust_v out_o its_o first_o ray_n and_o fiber_n which_o by_o this_o mean_n creep_v into_o and_o disperse_v themselves_o through_o the_o upper_a mould_n and_o cause_v the_o tree_n to_o take_v fast_o hold_v and_o to_o stand_v firm_a 14._o dong_o fat_a earth_n and_o all_o the_o other_o improver_n which_o shall_v be_v treat_v of_o when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o plant_v espallier_n be_v also_o very_o good_a for_o great_a tree_n but_o they_o be_v not_o so_o necessary_a and_o as_o it_o will_v be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a difficulty_n to_o employ_v this_o particular_a care_n in_o great_a plantation_n that_o take_v up_o great_a space_n of_o ground_n so_o also_o when_o the_o soil_n itself_o be_v very_o good_a tree_n prosper_v well_o enough_o without_o all_o these_o help_n 15._o you_o must_v not_o set_v they_o too_o deep_a in_o the_o earth_n for_o beside_o that_o root_n bury_v too_o low_a in_o the_o ground_n do_v not_o sufficient_o participate_v of_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o air_n there_o be_v another_o inconvenience_n in_o it_o which_o be_v that_o the_o earth_n above_o be_v always_o the_o better_a and_o the_o tree_n receive_v the_o nourishment_n that_o come_v from_o thence_o as_o that_o which_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o it_o if_o it_o be_v set_v too_o deep_a it_o thrust_v forth_o new_a root_n above_o to_o attract_v the_o nutriment_n of_o the_o better_a earth_n and_o often_o suffer_v those_o below_o to_o decay_n and_o perish_v which_o do_v not_o only_o incommodate_v but_o very_o often_o whole_o destroy_v the_o tree_n it_o will_v therefore_o be_v enough_o to_o set_v the_o root_n a_o foot_n deep_a only_o in_o the_o earth_n wherein_o you_o be_v to_o take_v care_n to_o cover_v it_o with_o new_a mould_n that_o be_v not_o lumpy_a and_o with_o your_o hand_n to_o dispose_v it_o all_o about_o the_o little_a string_n and_o fiber_n of_o the_o root_n that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o cavity_n betwixt_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o root_n for_o such_o vacuity_n will_v infallible_o beget_v rottenness_n and_o ruin_n 16._o it_o be_v good_a also_o to_o shoulder_n or_o clod_n up_o the_o tree_n for_o three_o foot_n about_o and_o some_o four_o foot_n high_a and_o afterward_o in_o labour_v it_o over_o again_o by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o abate_v the_o heap_n till_o the_o earth_n be_v again_o settle_v to_o its_o former_a level_n 17._o it_o be_v also_o very_o convenient_a to_o cover_v the_o tree_n by_o raise_v straw_n to_o a_o certain_a height_n round_o about_o the_o stem_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o bark_n will_v retain_v its_o beauty_n the_o sap_n will_v not_o be_v exhaust_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o it_o will_v be_v preserve_v from_o moss_n 18._o if_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v not_o of_o itself_o strong_a enough_o to_o withstand_v the_o force_n of_o the_o wind_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v prop_v and_o support_v with_o a_o stake_n or_o a_o good_a strong_a pole_n almost_o of_o its_o own_o height_n but_o than_o you_o must_v take_v heed_n this_o prop_n be_v not_o of_o cleave_a or_o saw_v wood_n with_o edge_n neither_o gouty_a nor_o full_a of_o knot_n lest_o it_o shall_v hurt_v the_o tree_n and_o gall_n or_o wound_v the_o bark_n but_o it_o must_v be_v round_o and_o tie_v after_o such_o manner_n that_o it_o do_v not_o interfere_v with_o the_o tree_n to_o prevent_v which_o there_o must_v also_o be_v straw_n or_o hay_n leap_v betwixt_o they_o 19_o some_o use_n to_o prune_v the_o tree_n before_o they_o set_v they_o both_o by_o reason_n it_o be_v to_o be_v do_v at_o great_a ease_n in_o hand_n than_o when_o they_o be_v plant_v and_o moreover_o because_o the_o force_n of_o prune_v be_v apt_a to_o shake_v they_o when_o they_o be_v already_o set_v in_o their_o place_n but_o withal_o man_n usual_o plant_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n the_o frost_n and_o other_o injury_n of_o that_o rude_a season_n do_v sometime_o incommodate_v a_o tree_n so_o late_o wound_v and_o pierce_v deep_o into_o its_o heart_n by_o such_o overture_n wherefore_o it_o be_v better_a to_o stay_v till_o the_o spring_n before_o you_o lop_v or_o cut_v they_o especial_o if_o year-old_a graff_n which_o also_o must_v be_v so_o do_v as_o almost_o to_o leave_v they_o no_o branch_n at_o all_o to_o the_o end_n that_o have_v so_o much_o less_o wood_n to_o maintain_v they_o may_v the_o better_o recover_v and_o take_v new_a root_n with_o great_a vigour_n 20._o it_o be_v very_o requisite_a to_o rank_v the_o tree_n according_a to_o their_o kind_n as_o for_o example_n to_o set_v one_o whole_a row_n of_o renate-apple_n and_o another_o of_o summer-pear_n and_o all_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o principal_a fruit_n and_o those_o that_o be_v the_o best_a and_o will_v long_o keep_v be_v in_o much_o great_a number_n than_o those_o which_o be_v plant_v for_o curiosity_n only_o and_o will_v not_o keep_v so_o long_o as_o summer-fruit_n though_o they_o be_v very_o excellent_a in_o their_o kind_n 21._o in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o a_o plantation_n range_v in_o this_o order_n you_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o mix_v any_o stone-fruit_n at_o all_o but_o you_o may_v plant_v they_o in_o the_o alley_n that_o be_v round_o about_o it_o place_v plumb_n cherry_n griotier_n cherry_n griotier_n a_o sweet_a sort_n of_o cherry_n guinier_n and_o bigarotier_n at_o six_o and_o six_o yard_n distance_n one_o from_o another_o or_o further_o off_o especial_o the_o bigarotier_n which_o extend_v their_o branch_n very_o far_o when_o graft_v upon_o the_o merisier_n 22._o now_o all_o these_o instruction_n presuppose_v a_o good_a soil_n without_o which_o a_o man_n shall_v not_o over-easy_o be_v induce_v to_o undertake_v these_o kind_n of_o plantation_n but_o content_v himself_o with_o espallier_n and_o dwarf-tree_n only_o which_o take_v up_o less_o ground_n and_o that_o consequent_o be_v with_o great_a ease_n to_o be_v prepare_v by_o introduce_v good_a earth_n into_o barren_a and_o ungrateful_a place_n but_o notwithstanding_o if_o you_o will_v needs_o plant_v in_o a_o ill_a soil_n you_o must_v then_o open_v your_o hole_n eight_o foot_n square_a and_o three_o foot_n deep_a and_o separate_v the_o better_a and_o more_o likely_a earth_n that_o be_v turn_v out_o which_o be_v common_o the_o uppermost_a from_o the_o rest_n and_o afterward_o fill_v they_o up_o with_o that_o select_a mould_n and_o other_o that_o shall_v be_v bring_v in_o of_o the_o best_a can_v be_v find_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o very_o old_a and_o rot_a dung_n and_o marl_n or_o the_o scour_n of_o pool_n or_o fishpond_n provide_v it_o have_v lie_v at_o least_o a_o year_n before_o for_o it_o will_v otherwise_o be_v too_o cold_a for_o the_o tree_n and_o make_v they_o die_v as_o on_o the_o contrary_a dung_n be_v too_o hot_a if_o not_o well_o consume_v and_o especial_o as_o have_v be_v before_o observe_v you_o must_v take_v good_a heed_n that_o the_o root_n touch_v not_o the_o dung_n but_o that_o
there_o be_v always_o earth_n between_o 23._o with_o this_o expense_n tree_n may_v be_v make_v to_o prosper_v in_o any_o soil_n whatever_o nevertheless_o if_o it_o be_v so_o stiff_a a_o clay_n or_o so_o stony_a a_o ground_n that_o the_o tree_n can_v at_o all_o pierce_v it_o with_o their_o root_n than_o the_o forementioned_a hole_n will_v be_v yet_o too_o little_a to_o supply_v a_o tree_n with_o so_o much_o nourishment_n as_o be_v necessary_a for_o its_o due_a and_o expect_a growth_n and_o you_o must_v make_v they_o still_o more_o large_a for_o otherwise_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n come_v to_o touch_v the_o earth_n which_o be_v so_o much_o a_o enemy_n to_o they_o stop_v short_a and_o curl_v themselves_o back_o again_o into_o the_o hole_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v where_o they_o work_v the_o same_o effect_n with_o tree_n plant_v in_o box_n and_o present_o devour_v all_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o good_a earth_n be_v put_v into_o they_o 24._o plantation_n of_o great_a and_o fullgrown_a fruit-tree_n require_v also_o to_o be_v husband_v as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o you_o must_v bestow_v labour_n upon_o they_o at_o least_o four_o time_n a_o year_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o beginning_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o winter_n and_o then_o as_o deep_a as_o you_o can_v and_o twice_o in_o summer_n only_o to_o kill_v the_o grass_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o earth_n from_o grow_v hard_a and_o parch_a with_o the_o sun_n wherein_o you_o be_v to_o rely_v very_o much_o upon_o the_o labourer_n dexterity_n and_o care_n to_o cultivate_v all_o these_o plantation_n with_o the_o plough_n &_o yet_o there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n to_o turn_v up_o so_o much_o ground_n as_o they_o possess_v when_o they_o be_v of_o great_a extent_n without_o a_o excessive_a charge_n but_o you_o may_v give_v the_o husbandman_n caution_n to_o bring_v his_o plough_n within_o a_o certain_a distance_n of_o the_o tree_n only_o to_o avoid_v accident_n and_o to_o turn_v up_o the_o remainder_n with_o the_o spade_n the_o ho_o and_o the_o mattock_n 25._o now_o the_o deep_a husbandry_n or_o dig_v that_o be_v use_v to_o tree_n in_o the_o beginning_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o winter_n produce_v several_a good_a effect_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o good_a earth_n which_o be_v always_o uppermost_a be_v turn_v down_o to_o nourish_v the_o tree_n and_o the_o low_a earth_n be_v lay_v aloft_o to_o be_v make_v better_a and_o more_o fertile_a by_o the_o fame_n reason_n and_o it_o will_v also_o fall_v out_o that_o all_o the_o moisture_n and_o fatness_n which_o come_v from_o above_o will_v penetrate_v to_o the_o bottom_n which_o by_o that_o mean_n will_v be_v keep_v supple_a and_o light_n and_o consequent_o easy_a to_o be_v penetrate_v by_o the_o new_a root_n that_o put_v out_o which_o be_v like_o so_o many_o little_a emulgent_a vein_n by_o which_o the_o tree_n extract_v its_o nourishment_n from_o all_o part_n 26._o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o summer_n you_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o stir_v the_o earth_n too_o deep_a lest_o the_o heat_n pierce_v too_o far_o into_o it_o and_o hurt_v the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o beside_o the_o husbandry_n will_v be_v sufficient_a if_o you_o kill_v the_o ill_a weed_n and_o hinder_v the_o earth_n from_o cru_v too_o much_o with_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n 27._o you_o may_v also_o make_v plantation_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o stone-fruit_n in_o tall_a tree_n and_o they_o be_v very_o pleasant_a when_o separate_v according_a to_o their_o different_a kind_n as_o for_o example_n a_o cherry-orchard_n in_o one_o place_n a_o plumb-orchard_n in_o another_o and_o a_o peach-orchard_n in_o a_o three_o which_o plant_n be_v also_o to_o be_v cultivate_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o other_o observe_v only_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o distance_n and_o station_n plumb_n apricock_n cherry_n bigarotier_n and_o griotier_n require_v to_o be_v plant_v at_o six_o yard_n distance_n betwixt_o tree_n and_o tree_n and_o rather_o more_o cherry_n not_o graft_v or_o that_o be_v graft_v upon_o other_o cherry-stock_n do_v not_o require_v so_o great_a a_o distance_n and_o it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o plant_v they_o at_o the_o distance_n of_o betwixt_o twelve_o and_o fifteen_o foot_n and_o peach-tree_n the_o same_o but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o peach_v and_o apricock_n be_v very_o impatient_a of_o frost_n and_o great_a wind_n and_o therefore_o can_v prosper_v if_o not_o plant_v in_o such_o a_o place_n of_o advantage_n as_o shall_v secure_v and_o shelter_v they_o from_o these_o assault_n 28._o there_o be_v two_o season_n proper_a for_o plant_v namely_o autumn_n and_o the_o spring_n for_o summer_n be_v total_o unfit_a both_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o violent_a heat_n and_o also_o the_o sap_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v then_o in_o their_o branch_n they_o will_v wither_v in_o transplant_n and_o cause_v the_o tree_n itself_o to_o die_v neither_o be_v winter_n proper_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o frost_n and_o great_a rain_n which_o deprive_v the_o earth_n of_o such_o a_o disposition_n as_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o entertain_n of_o plant_n unless_o in_o a_o dry_a soil_n where_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o clog_v nor_o run_v into_o mortar_n and_o in_o such_o a_o place_n one_o may_v plant_v even_o in_o the_o rain_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o spring_n when_o the_o earth_n begin_v to_o dry_v a_o little_a be_v good_a for_o several_a sort_n of_o tree_n but_o for_o fruit-tree_n autumn_n be_v incomparable_o better_a than_o any_o other_o season_n one_o may_v plant_v present_o after_o september_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o october_n or_o about_o that_o time_n by_o reason_n that_o then_o the_o sap_n retire_v from_o the_o branch_n into_o the_o root_n which_o so_o soon_o soever_o as_o it_o shall_v happen_v a_o tree_n be_v to_o be_v remove_v without_o any_o manner_n of_o danger_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o sap_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v no_o long_o in_o the_o heart_n but_o in_o the_o rind_n or_o bark_n only_o and_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o we_o sometime_o see_v tree_n total_o decay_v and_o rot_a at_o the_o heart_n which_o yet_o fail_v not_o for_o all_o that_o of_o bear_v fair_a and_o good_a fruit_n the_o sap_n communicate_v its_o nourishment_n to_o the_o branch_n by_o the_o bark_n only_o wherefore_o when_o the_o sap_n shall_v no_o more_o appear_v in_o the_o bark_n it_o be_v a_o good_a time_n to_o plant_v the_o advantage_n of_o plant_v betimes_o be_v twofold_a for_o in_o this_o season_n one_o may_v easy_o make_v choice_n of_o fair_a day_n and_o a_o fair_a sun_n for_o this_o purpose_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n that_o very_o much_o contribute_v to_o the_o make_v plant_n to_o prosper_v and_o moreover_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v then_o stir_v be_v sound_n and_o not_o as_o yet_o oversoakt_v easy_o crumble_v and_o moulder_n about_o the_o root_n and_o keep_v it_o in_o a_o good_a mould_n the_o whole_a year_n about_o but_o there_o be_v yet_o another_o and_o a_o very_a considerable_a reason_n which_o be_v that_o tree_n early_o plant_v recover_v themselves_o before_o winter_n and_o find_v themselves_o already_o strong_a and_o well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o soil_n when_o they_o be_v to_o put_v out_o in_o the_o spring_n for_o the_o sap_n which_o in_o winter_n be_v retire_v into_o the_o root_n do_v no_o more_o lie_v idle_a in_o this_o season_n than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o three_o but_o put_v out_o new_a thread_n and_o fiber_n from_o the_o root_n as_o experience_n show_v and_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o plant_v a_o tree_n in_o good_a earth_n in_o october_n and_o take_v it_o up_o again_o in_o january_n and_o you_o will_v find_v it_o have_v put_v out_o new_a root_n and_o so_o by_o this_o early_a plant_n you_o secure_v the_o tree_n against_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n and_o moreover_o gain_v half_o a_o year_n in_o its_o growth_n 29._o yet_o be_v it_o not_o all_o to_o have_v plant_v fruit-tree_n well_o and_o to_o have_v prepare_v the_o ground_n with_o all_o imaginable_a pain_n and_o care_n you_o must_v moreover_o be_v careful_a to_o correct_v they_o to_o take_v away_o the_o superfluous_a branch_n and_o to_o hinder_v the_o good_a from_o be_v pester_v and_o incommodate_v with_o those_o that_o be_v useless_a and_o good_a for_o nothing_o nature_n it_o be_v true_a do_v ever_o labour_n towards_o her_o perfection_n but_o she_o can_v arrive_v at_o it_o without_o be_v assist_v by_o art_n trees_n when_o plant_v in_o a_o fruitful_a soil_n do_v voluntary_o dispose_v themselves_o towards_o their_o most_o advantageous_a figure_n and_o proportion_n but_o you_o must_v also_o help_v and_o assist_v they_o that_o they_o may_v arrive_v at_o the_o perfection_n for_o which_o they_o strive_v this_o whilst_o they_o be_v yet_o very_o young_a and_o
next_o to_o the_o wall_n to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v not_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o sun_n which_o otherwise_o will_v make_v a_o cleave_a and_o a_o wound_n that_o will_v hurt_v it_o very_o much_o which_o place_n so_o cut_v shall_v also_o be_v plaster_v and_o cover_v over_o with_o the_o pure_a earth_n or_o that_o and_o hay_n temper_v and_o mix_v together_o or_o plaster_v with_o a_o certain_a gum_n the_o embroiderer_n common_o use_v 5._o you_o ought_v to_o leave_v but_o very_o few_o branch_n upon_o the_o tree_n you_o plant_v after_o this_o manner_n for_o those_o that_o shall_v sprout_v out_o new_a will_v be_v much_o better_a and_o more_o easy_a to_o govern_v than_o those_o you_o take_v away_o 6._o you_o may_v begin_v to_o plant_v immediate_o after_o the_o month_n of_o september_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o beginning_n or_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o october_n and_o the_o soon_o you_o begin_v the_o better_a but_o if_o the_o earth_n shall_v then_o prove_v too_o dry_a and_o not_o yet_o soak_v enough_o with_o the_o rain_n you_o must_v then_o abundant_o water_v the_o tree_n that_o be_v set_v so_o soon_o 7._o some_o there_o be_v who_o in_o plant_v have_v a_o great_a regard_n to_o the_o moon_n and_o believe_v the_o wain_n to_o be_v much_o more_o proper_a for_o this_o work_n than_o the_o increase_n but_o experience_n show_v this_o observation_n to_o be_v vain_a it_o be_v much_o better_a it_o be_v true_a to_o prune_v in_o the_o decrease_n than_o the_o increase_n but_o you_o may_v as_o i_o have_v say_v elsewhere_o defer_v prune_v a_o long_a time_n after_o they_o be_v plant_v 8._o you_o ought_v to_o be_v very_o curious_a and_o careful_a in_o the_o choice_n you_o make_v of_o those_o kind_n of_o fruit_n you_o intend_v for_o espallier_n and_o never_o shall_v plant_v any_o but_o those_o that_o can_v prosper_v no_o other_o way_n or_o that_o be_v so_o excellent_a you_o desire_v they_o shall_v never_o fail_v or_o that_o you_o will_v have_v in_o great_a perfection_n for_o they_o thrive_v to_o a_o great_a largeness_n and_o come_v to_o a_o better_a colour_n in_o espallier_n than_o otherwise_o and_o infallible_o bear_v every_o year_n of_o these_o the_o bonchrestien_n and_o the_o bergamot_n be_v the_o chief_a the_o rousselet_n and_o the_o little_a muscat_n of_o the_o summer-pear_n the_o amadoste_n the_o portail_n and_o the_o saint_n lezin_n of_o the_o winter-pear_n be_v the_o next_o all_o which_o different_a kind_n shall_v be_v more_o full_o handle_v in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o pear_n in_o which_o every_o one_o shall_v find_v the_o kind_n he_o most_o affect_v and_o have_v the_o great_a desire_n to_o have_v and_o how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v plant_v for_o their_o better_a propagation_n only_o you_o may_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n observe_v that_o the_o bonchrestien_n be_v without_o comparison_n by_o much_o the_o best_a of_o all_o pear_n as_o well_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o beauty_n as_o because_o it_o keep_v long_a than_o any_o other_o you_o ought_v to_o plant_v in_o your_o espallier_n six_o time_n as_o many_o of_o they_o as_o of_o any_o other_o kind_n 9_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v stone-fruit_n beside_o what_o shall_v be_v say_v of_o they_o in_o their_o catalogue_n you_o be_v to_o observe_v the_o two_o same_o thing_n in_o your_o choice_n of_o they_o apricock_n prosper_v no_o other_o way_n but_o in_o espallier_n only_o but_o although_o their_o fruit_n be_v beautiful_a and_o very_a good_a you_o be_v not_o notwithstanding_o to_o plant_v many_o of_o they_o for_o they_o bear_v in_o too_o great_a abundance_n and_o continue_v but_o a_o very_a little_a while_n as_o for_o plumb_n they_o prosper_v very_o well_o in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o well_o enough_o resist_v the_o frost_n and_o wind_n and_o therefore_o it_o will_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o usurp_v the_o place_n of_o espallier_n for_o they_o if_o not_o for_o the_o white_a and_o red_a pordrigon_n only_o which_o be_v the_o tender_a of_o all_o plumb_n and_o of_o which_o the_o fruit_n be_v also_o prefer_v before_o all_o the_o rest_n peach_n of_o all_o other_o fruit-tree_n do_v most_o require_v all_o the_o advantage_n of_o a_o espallier_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o very_a hot_a sun_n and_o a_o good_a shelter_n against_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o wind_n for_o which_o reason_n there_o be_v very_o few_o place_n where_o they_o can_v come_v to_o their_o perfection_n unless_o they_o be_v clap_v up_o close_o to_o a_o wall_n wherefore_o as_o their_o fruit_n be_v of_o the_o best_a sort_n both_o for_o relish_n and_o beauty_n so_o it_o ought_v to_o make_v up_o the_o great_a and_o more_o principal_a part_n of_o your_o best_a espallier_n if_o not_o a_o entire_a espallier_n of_o themselves_o those_o therefore_o who_o have_v a_o great_a many_o wall_n will_v do_v well_o to_o make_v a_o whole_a espallier_n of_o peach_n only_o on_o that_o side_n where_o the_o sun_n be_v most_o violent_a which_o be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o two_o position_n observe_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n and_o plant_v the_o pear-tree_n in_o the_o second_o and_o be_v that_o peach-tree_n require_v a_o great_a distance_n for_o the_o extension_n of_o their_o branch_n one_o may_v with_o great_a ease_n and_o very_o good_a success_n make_v a_o espallier_n of_o peach_n and_o grape_n and_o muscat_n grape_n muscat_n of_o three_o foot_n high_a along_o by_o the_o wall_n which_o be_v the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o stock_n of_o vine_n and_o plant_v peach_n of_o three_o foot_n of_o the_o stem_n which_o will_v begin_v to_o extend_v their_o branch_n over_o the_o muscat_n but_o then_o for_o this_o purpose_n you_o must_v choose_v peach-tree_n raise_v from_o the_o stone_n or_o that_o be_v graft_v upon_o stock_n of_o almond_n or_o apricock_n which_o be_v raise_v from_o the_o stone_n and_o not_o upon_o plumb-stock_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o root_n of_o the_o plumb-tree_n too_o much_o importune_v their_o neighbour_n and_o run_v out_o so_o soon_o every_o way_n to_o seek_v for_o nourishment_n as_o even_o to_o thrust_v new_a sprout_n or_o sucker_n out_o of_o the_o ground_n which_o will_v very_o much_o endamage_v the_o muscat_n grow_v near_o they_o 10._o such_o as_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o pear-tree_n graft_v upon_o quince_n and_o those_o which_o be_v graft_v upon_o wild_a stock_n always_o choose_v the_o first_o for_o their_o espallier_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o pear-tree_n graft_v upon_o a_o quince-stock_n palisadoe_n much_o better_a put_v not_o out_o so_o much_o wood_n bear_v twenty_o time_n more_o fruit_n and_o nourish_v they_o incomparable_o large_a and_o fair_a than_o that_o upon_o the_o wild_a stock_n and_o moreover_o the_o trench_n and_o improvement_n have_v be_v add_v to_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v plant_v continue_v much_o long_o with_o the_o quince_n than_o the_o other_o by_o reason_n they_o spread_v not_o their_o root_n so_o far_o and_o yet_o attract_v every_o whit_n as_o much_o nourishment_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o put_v out_o many_o more_o hairy_a sucker_n and_o fiber_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o beure_fw-fr the_o orange-pear_n the_o bezidery_n and_o the_o portail_n prosper_v as_o well_o upon_o the_o wild_a stock_n but_o they_o be_v much_o better_a upon_o the_o quince_n though_o the_o portail_n to_o say_v the_o truth_n be_v not_o so_o tart_a upon_o the_o wild_a stock_n and_o have_v ordinary_o a_o better_a taste_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o choice_n of_o apple_n and_o pear-quince_n and_o their_o different_a nature_n you_o be_v to_o consult_v the_o chapter_n of_o pepin-fruit_n 11._o pear-quince_n not_o yet_o graft_v be_v sometime_o plant_v in_o espallier_n to_o graft_v they_o afterward_o upon_o the_o place_n which_o be_v do_v the_o second_o year_n in_o the_o month_n of_o august_n en_fw-fr inoculation_n en_fw-fr which_o be_v by_o way_n of_o inoculation_n oeil_fw-fr dormant_a which_o be_v the_o best_a way_n for_o pear-quince_n after_o the_o manner_n set_v down_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o nursery_n for_o pepin-fruit_n in_o case_n it_o be_v graft_v after_o this_o manner_n the_o quince_n that_o be_v plant_v be_v not_o to_o be_v above_o a_o inch_n or_o two_o inch_n high_o than_o the_o earth_n for_o as_o much_o as_o you_o be_v to_o set_v the_o oeil_fw-fr dormant_a upon_o the_o first_o year_n shoot_v and_o when_o you_o plant_v tree_n already_o graft_v you_o must_v take_v good_a heed_n that_o the_o graft_n be_v always_o four_o finger_n above_o the_o earth_n lest_o the_o tree_n shall_v take_v root_n from_o the_o graft_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o will_v loose_v the_o advantage_n it_o receive_v from_o the_o root_n of_o the_o quince_n in_o have_v other_o of_o another_o quality_n and_o such_o as_o will_v make_v it_o bear_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o wood_n than_o fruit_n which_o observation_n may_v also_o
serve_v for_o all_o sort_n of_o tree_n graft_v upon_o the_o quince_n and_o for_o appletree_n graft_v upon_o a_o stock_n of_o a_o pepin_n of_o the_o pomme-de-paradis_a which_o be_v exceed_o subject_a to_o take_v root_n from_o the_o graft_n wherefore_o if_o the_o tree_n have_v be_v plant_v too_o deep_a at_o first_o so_o that_o the_o graft_n be_v cover_v with_o earth_n you_o must_v have_v a_o care_n at_o the_o time_n when_o you_o give_v they_o the_o great_a culture_n in_o the_o beginning_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o winter_n to_o bare_v they_o to_o see_v if_o they_o do_v not_o put_v forth_o some_o thread_n and_o little_a root_n from_o the_o graft_n and_o if_o they_o have_v always_o to_o cut_v they_o away_o 12._o those_o who_o at_o first_o only_o plant_v quince_n afterward_o to_o graft_v upon_o may_v deliver_v themselves_o from_o the_o impatience_n of_o expect_v so_o long_o till_o their_o wall_n be_v cover_v and_o their_o espallier_n come_v to_o bear_v fruit_n if_o in_o separate_v their_o quince_n fifteen_o foot_n from_o one_o another_o which_o be_v the_o usual_a distance_n they_o will_v plant_v a_o peach_n between_o which_o shoot_v much_o soon_o and_o present_o surnish_v the_o wall_n both_o with_o his_o leaf_n and_o fruit_n by_o which_o mean_v one_o may_v stay_v very_o well_o till_o the_o pear-tree_n come_v to_o perfection_n enjoy_v the_o peach_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n and_o by_o that_o time_n the_o other_o shall_v be_v arrive_v at_o their_o perfection_n the_o peach-tree_n which_o be_v not_o so_o long-lived_a will_v begin_v to_o decline_v and_o in_o a_o few_o year_n easy_o yield_v they_o their_o whole_a room_n what_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o cultivate_a espallier_n already_o plant_v 1._o the_o principal_a care_n you_o ought_v to_o have_v the_o first_o year_n the_o tree_n be_v plant_v be_v that_o they_o take_v well_o below_o and_o put_v out_o above_o with_o vigour_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o you_o be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o think_v of_o take_v away_o 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or_o thereabouts_o half_o a_o foot_n thickness_n of_o dung_n not_o yet_o sufficient_o consume_v upon_o the_o newstirred_a earth_n which_o cover_v will_v keep_v the_o earth_n in_o the_o same_o condition_n it_o find_v it_o and_o defend_v it_o well_o from_o the_o drought_n but_o in_o case_n you_o may_v not_o have_v dung_n enough_o to_o cover_v all_o your_o tree_n you_o may_v lay_v heap_n of_o grass_n and_o weed_n but_o then_o they_o must_v have_v no_o root_n lest_o they_o shall_v take_v hold_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o for_o need_v you_o may_v also_o supply_v that_o defect_n with_o hay_n and_o in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n there_o be_v nothing_o better_a for_o this_o purpose_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o overdry_v and_o parch_v the_o earth_n than_o to_o lay_v fearn_n that_o be_v yet_o green_a and_o not_o much_o wither_v a_o cover_n that_o do_v very_o much_o defend_v the_o earth_n both_o from_o this_o dryness_n as_o also_o to_o keep_v it_o supple_a and_o to_o hinder_v it_o from_o wash_v away_o if_o there_o shall_v happen_v any_o violent_a rain_n the_o dung_n do_v however_o more_o befriend_v the_o soil_n in_o that_o its_o saltness_n and_o fat_a still_o sink_v into_o the_o earth_n especial_o when_o the_o rain_v fall_v and_o make_v it_o still_o more_o and_o more_o fertile_a 3._o as_o to_o the_o several_a labour_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o prosperity_n of_o your_o plantation_n all_o tree_n whether_o new_o plant_v or_o of_o old_a stand_n require_v at_o least_o four_o every_o year_n the_o first_o at_o the_o end_n of_o winter_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v very_o deep_a the_o second_o in_o may_n after_o a_o little_a rain_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deep_a and_o wherein_o half_o a_o spade_n depth_n be_v enough_o only_a to_o kill_v the_o grass_n and_o by_o a_o little_a stir_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n to_o hinder_v that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o dryness_n do_v not_o too_o much_o crust_n and_o bind_v it_o the_o three_o in_o july_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o the_o four_o in_o october_n and_o then_o you_o be_v to_o dive_v as_o deep_a into_o the_o earth_n as_o you_o can_v as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o 26_o article_n of_o standard_n in_o case_n the_o earth_n shall_v put_v out_o grass_n in_o great_a abundance_n as_o it_o oft_o fall_v out_o in_o that_o which_o be_v prepare_v after_o the_o manner_n require_v for_o espallier_n you_o be_v then_o to_o take_v it_o away_o by_o give_v it_o a_o little_a labour_n which_o shall_v only_o as_o it_o be_v scratch_v the_o earth_n so_o oft_o as_o the_o grass_n shall_v begin_v to_o appear_v for_o above_o all_o thing_n you_o must_v take_v good_a heed_n that_o the_o fat_a of_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o spread_v itself_o in_o unprofitable_a production_n that_o it_o may_v be_v whole_o preserve_v for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o their_o fruit_n 4._o you_o be_v the_o second_o year_n to_o begin_v to_o bend_v your_o tree_n well_o to_o their_o right_a posture_n and_o to_o prune_v they_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o no_o superfluous_a branch_n may_v remain_v and_o that_o all_o those_o that_o be_v to_o be_v spare_v from_o the_o knife_n be_v lay_v into_o good_a order_n 5._o palisadoe_n be_v make_v three_o way_n either_o with_o pole_n set_v lattice-wise_a along_o by_o the_o wall_n or_o by_o fasten_v the_o branch_n to_o the_o wall_n with_o leather_n and_o nail_n or_o by_o fix_v sheep-shanck_n in_o the_o wall_n and_o afterward_o fasten_v the_o branch_n to_o they_o 6._o of_o these_o the_o first_o way_n be_v the_o most_o ancient_a and_o the_o only_a one_o that_o be_v in_o use_n at_o first_o which_o to_o make_v such_o as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o pole_n be_v to_o be_v tie_v very_o fast_o together_o and_o the_o open_n of_o the_o lattice_n no_o more_o than_o half_a a_o foot_n square_n at_o most_o and_o there_o must_v be_v hook_n in_o the_o wall_n from_o four_o foot_n to_o four_o foot_n and_o three_o inch_n out_o of_o which_o there_o be_v to_o be_v three_o rank_n in_o the_o height_n of_o ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n to_o sustain_v and_o suspend_v the_o pole_n in_o the_o air_n so_o that_o none_o of_o they_o may_v enter_v into_o the_o earth_n or_o at_o least_o very_a few_o for_o thus_o they_o will_v continue_v much_o long_o which_o be_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v desire_v not_o only_o for_o the_o save_n of_o expense_n but_o also_o because_o it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o put_v new_a pole_n or_o other_o piece_n of_o wood_n into_o a_o espallier_n without_o the_o tree_n run_v a_o hazard_n of_o be_v break_v or_o very_o much_o