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i_o be_o sure_a must_v be_v a_o plain_a error_n and_o all_o its_o consequence_n which_o he_o from_o thence_o draw_v against_o i_o without_o any_o foundation_n the_o heat_n then_o for_o the_o light_a half_a year_n be_v but_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o heat_n all_o at_o once_o which_o now_o at_o time_n and_o with_o interruption_n we_o be_v partaker_n of_o which_o may_v deserve_v mr._n keill_n consideration_n and_o correction_n we_o be_v now_o come_v to_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o my_o theory_n the_o account_n of_o the_o deluge_n of_o noah_n against_o which_o it_o be_v object_v by_o mr._n keill_n 7._o that_o the_o presence_n of_o a_o comet_n etc._n though_o it_o will_v cause_v considerable_a tide_n in_o the_o sea_n above_o yet_o it_o can_v not_o in_o the_o abyss_n below_o the_o earth_n because_o this_o latter_a be_v pen_v in_o and_o close_o shut_v up_o within_o a_o thick_a and_o solid_a crust_n of_o earth_n and_o have_v therefore_o no_o room_n to_o raise_v itself_o as_o the_o 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that_o mr._n keill_n will_v not_o allow_v many_o of_o they_o to_o escape_v the_o same_o enough_o at_o least_o to_o make_v a_o constant_a rain_n for_o forty_o day_n together_o i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v to_o i_o strange_a that_o so_o thin_a a_o body_n as_o our_o air_n lie_v in_o so_o small_a a_o compass_n about_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o height_n of_o not_o very_o many_o mile_n for_o much_o high_a it_o be_v so_o very_o thin_a as_o to_o be_v perfect_o inconsiderable_a shall_v have_v the_o good_a luck_n to_o stop_v arrest_v and_o condense_a all_o and_o every_o part_n of_o so_o immense_a and_o swift_a a_o descend_a column_n of_o vapour_n as_o we_o have_v here_o to_o be_v consider_v but_o beside_o not_o to_o question_v whether_o mr._n keill_n method_n of_o reduce_v vapour_n into_o rain-water_n be_v universal_a or_o not_o let_v it_o be_v grant_v that_o these_o hot_a vapour_n be_v at_o their_o first_o descent_n force_v together_o yet_o till_o that_o quantity_n of_o heat_n which_o cause_v and_o continue_v their_o degree_n of_o expansion_n in_o the_o comet_n be_v atmosphere_n or_o tail_n be_v mighty_o diminish_v and_o they_o become_v as_o cool_v as_o vapour_n turn_v into_o water_n with_o we_o till_o than_o i_o say_v whatsoever_o their_o first_o violent_a motion_n may_v on_o the_o sudden_a produce_v yet_o their_o own_o proper_a heat_n will_v immediate_o rarify_v they_o again_o and_o so_o elevate_v they_o to_o a_o proportionable_a height_n in_o the_o air_n and_o capacitate_v they_o to_o produce_v that_o continual_a forty_o day_n rain_n which_o appear_v to_o have_v have_v so_o great_a a_o share_n in_o the_o universal_a deluge_n 9_o it_o be_v object_v etc._n that_o though_o a_o persorate_v cylinder_n of_o stone_n or_o marble_n press_v upon_o water_n in_o a_o exact_o equal_a cylindrical_a vessel_n under_o it_o will_v thereby_o force_v it_o or_o any_o light_a fluid_n on_o its_o surface_n through_o the_o hole_n upward_o yet_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o additional_a water_n upon_o the_o crust_n of_o earth_n can_v not_o cause_v the_o eruption_n of_o the_o dense_n fluid_fw-la or_o of_o any_o water_n lie_v upon_o it_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n on_o several_a account_n particular_o because_o in_o the_o first_o ace_n the_o cylinder_n be_v specifical_o heavy_a than_o water_n but_o in_o the_o second_o the_o orb_n of_o earth_n be_v light_a than_o the_o dense_n fluid_a under_o it_o which_o mr._n keill_n suppose_v do_v whole_o alter_v the_o case_n now_o in_o answer_n to_o this_o i_o say_v if_o mr._n keill_n desire_v it_o i_o will_v put_v a_o cylinder_n of_o wood_n which_o be_v light_a than_o water_n instead_o of_o one_o of_o stone_n or_o marble_n which_o be_v heavy_a and_o i_o do_v not_o doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o experiment_n in_o this_o case_n if_o that_o will_v afford_v he_o
a_o vindication_n of_o the_o new_a theory_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o exception_n of_o mr._n keill_n and_o other_o with_o a_o historical_a preface_n of_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o discovery_n therein_o contain_v and_o some_o correction_n and_o addition_n london_n print_v for_o benj._n take_v at_o the_o middle-temple-gate_n in_o fleetstreet_n 1698._o preface_n it_o may_v not_o perhaps_o for_o some_o reason_n be_v improper_a in_o itself_o or_o unacceptable_a to_o the_o reader_n to_o have_v a_o short_a history_n of_o the_o occasion_n and_o method_n of_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o several_a particular_n in_o the_o new_a theory_n and_o to_o see_v by_o what_o step_n i_o proceed_v in_o that_o matter_n that_o at_o once_o i_o may_v claim_v to_o myself_o what_o interest_n or_o right_o i_o real_o have_v in_o the_o same_o and_o it_o may_v appear_v how_o far_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n any_o other_o person_n or_o opportunity_n be_v concern_v therein_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o reader_n may_v perceive_v how_o little_a affinity_n there_o be_v between_o a_o bare_a hypothesis_n the_o product_n only_o of_o the_o wit_n and_o skill_n of_o the_o inventor_n and_o the_o several_a branch_n of_o a_o theory_n in_o which_o the_o forego_n qualification_n be_v not_o necessary_a and_o so_o can_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v very_o little_o consider_v therein_o to_o wave_v therefore_o any_o more_o word_n by_o way_n of_o introduction_n i_o shall_v come_v to_o that_o account_n itself_o which_o be_v the_o single_a subject_n of_o this_o preface_n the_o reader_n be_v therefore_o to_o know_v that_o ever_o since_o i_o see_v the_o university_n and_o begin_v to_o relish_v the_o new_a philosophy_n i_o mean_v particular_o the_o cartesian_a togegether_o with_o some_o other_o late_a discovery_n of_o a_o more_o solid_a nature_n i_o withal_o fall_v into_o a_o exceed_a like_n of_o the_o main_a part_n of_o dr._n burnet_n theory_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o think_v myself_o never_o more_o please_v than_o in_o a_o repeat_v perusal_n of_o so_o ingenious_a and_o remarkable_a a_o book_n insomuch_o that_o upon_o my_o be_v to_o perform_v the_o accustom_a exercise_n in_o the_o school_n for_o my_o first_o degree_n one_o of_o my_o position_n be_v in_o vindication_n of_o the_o same_o this_o good_a like_n continue_v with_o i_o a_o great_a while_n after_o till_o my_o deep_a researche_n into_o mechanical_a philosophy_n and_o the_o discovery_n contain_v in_o mr._n newton_n wonderful_a book_n begin_v to_o convince_v i_o of_o the_o indefensibleness_n of_o many_o of_o the_o particular_n and_o that_o the_o whole_a scheme_n as_o it_o then_o lay_v can_v not_o be_v justify_v by_o the_o principle_n of_o sound_a philosophy_n nor_o do_v it_o upon_o better_a consideration_n agree_v with_o the_o account_n in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n yet_o still_o several_a of_o the_o particular_n especial_o the_o perpetual_a equinox_n before_o the_o flood_n and_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o earth_n upon_o a_o fluid_a abyss_n seem_v very_o reasonable_a and_o very_o agreeable_a to_o the_o account_n sacred_a and_o profane_a of_o those_o ancient_a age_n of_o the_o world_n and_o as_o i_o have_v never_o yet_o find_v reason_n to_o alter_v my_o opinion_n about_o the_o latter_a when_o due_o state_v so_o i_o be_v in_o great_a perplexity_n how_o to_o believe_v the_o former_a since_o i_o find_v the_o way_n of_o change_v the_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_n in_o dr._n burnet_n by_o the_o law_n of_o mechanism_n plain_o impossible_a on_o which_o yet_o â—he_v before_o mention_v opinion_n do_v in_o great_a measure_n depend_v in_o this_o doubtfulness_n of_o mind_n a_o thought_n come_v into_o my_o head_n since_o which_o i_o believe_v it_o be_v now_o at_o the_o least_o five_o or_o six_o year_n that_o from_o mr._n newton_n discovery_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o a_o comet_n may_v pass_v near_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o also_o in_o case_n it_o pass_v near_o enough_o and_o in_o a_o certain_a trajectory_n it_o may_v alter_v the_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_n as_o now_o the_o sun_n do_v backward_o and_o forward_o every_o year_n though_o this_o be_v a_o thing_n only_o know_v to_o those_o who_o have_v make_v some_o progress_n in_o mr._n newton_n book_n and_o not_o here_o to_o be_v explain_v for_o every_o reader_n i_o think_v it_o therefore_o worth_a my_o while_n after_o a_o long_a time_n to_o try_v whether_o by_o this_o mean_n if_o a_o comet_n in_o the_o most_o advantageous_a manner_n possible_a come_v near_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o deluge_n the_o earth_n axis_n can_v be_v thereby_o change_v from_o a_o parallelism_n to_o that_o of_o the_o ecliptic_a to_o the_o obliquity_n of_o 23½_n degree_n which_o it_o have_v have_v ever_o since_o that_o time_n this_o calculation_n i_o try_v about_o november_n or_o december_n 1694._o but_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n perceive_v that_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o the_o present_a obliquity_n be_v by_o any_o such_o method_n to_o be_v account_v for_o which_o occasion_v therefore_o my_o lay_v aside_o that_o hypothesis_n i_o have_v so_o long_o before_o be_v fond_a of_o and_o desirous_a to_o establish_v and_o permit_v my_o thought_n a_o great_a freedom_n about_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o deluge_n than_o dr._n burnet_n notion_n have_v allow_v i_o before_o not_o long_o after_o this_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o comet_n and_o view_v sometime_o mr._n newton_n scheme_n of_o the_o last_o famous_a one_o among_o we_o which_o myself_o can_v easy_o remember_v in_o 1680_o and_o 1681._o a_o thought_n come_v into_o my_o mind_n which_o in_o discourse_n i_o mention_v to_o a_o very_a learned_a friend_n bentley_n that_o it_o be_v possible_a the_o tail_n of_o a_o comet_n may_v afford_v water_n at_o the_o deluge_n and_o that_o the_o confuse_a mass_n of_o air_n and_o irregular_a steam_n from_o the_o comet_n be_v atmosphere_n or_o tail_n may_v afford_v a_o fair_a solution_n of_o that_o phaenomenon_n i_o have_v be_v so_o desirous_a of_o the_o perpetual_a 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of_o earth_n which_o be_v above_o it_o so_o as_o i_o be_v read_v dr._n woodward_n essay_n that_o axiom_n also_o in_o hydrostaticks_n that_o body_n according_a to_o their_o different_a specific_a gravity_n will_v sink_v into_o fluid_n in_o a_o different_a proportion_n and_o so_o be_v extant_a in_o different_a degree_n come_v into_o my_o thought_n upon_o what_o occasion_n i_o know_v not_o and_o together_o ease_v i_o to_o my_o no_o small_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o difficulty_n which_o before_o stop_v my_o progress_n in_o that_o hypothesis_n my_o thought_n be_v so_o busy_a upon_o have_v now_o get_v the_o main_a stroke_n of_o the_o new_a theory_n so_o far_o as_o concern_v the_o particular_a phaenomena_n of_o the_o deluge_n at_o least_o in_o my_o mind_n and_o not_o find_v the_o observation_n in_o dr._n woodward_n essay_n whole_o disagreeable_a to_o the_o same_o i_o begin_v to_o write_v
but_o recede_v from_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o scripture_n without_o sufficient_a reason_n for_o so_o do_v as_o to_o which_o point_n i_o must_v still_o own_o that_o i_o be_o by_o no_o mean_n of_o mr._n keill_n mind_n and_o since_o he_o only_o deliver_v his_o opinion_n without_o produce_v his_o particular_a reason_n or_o enervate_v any_o of_o those_o i_o have_v so_o large_o give_v for_o what_o i_o assert_v i_o see_v no_o occasion_n for_o a_o far_a vindication_n at_o present_a and_o so_o shall_v still_o leave_v that_o matter_n to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o free_a and_o impartial_a reader_n however_o since_o here_o occur_v some_o particular_a difficulty_n i_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o such_o of_o they_o as_o have_v not_o already_o be_v consider_v 5._o it_o be_v object_v 191._o that_o because_o comet_n have_v no_o secondary_a one_o move_v about_o they_o the_o moon_n our_o secondary_a planet_n must_v either_o have_v be_v real_o create_v or_o at_o least_o bring_v into_o our_o neighbourhood_n on_o the_o four_o day_n which_o be_v therefore_o the_o importance_n of_o the_o word_n make_v with_o relation_n to_o one_o aught_o to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n when_o refer_v to_o the_o other_o of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n and_o so_o my_o interpretation_n of_o this_o day_n work_n which_o be_v build_v on_o other_o principle_n must_v be_v a_o mistake_n now_o though_o i_o may_v ask_v why_o the_o moon_n may_v not_o as_o well_o have_v come_v into_o our_o neighbourhood_n before_o as_o just_a upon_o this_o day_n in_o case_n she_o have_v not_o of_o old_a be_v our_o companion_n yet_o to_o put_v this_o matter_n to_o another_o issue_n i_o desire_v mr._n keill_n to_o prove_v that_o no_o comet_n have_v any_o satellite_n revolve_v about_o they_o for_o my_o part_n i_o think_v the_o observation_n we_o have_v yet_o make_v about_o comet_n be_v not_o nice_a nor_o numerous_a enough_o to_o determine_v this_o point_n nay_o rather_o what_o the_o history_n of_o many_o comet_n relate_v about_o the_o various_a shape_v and_o figure_n they_o have_v sometime_o appear_v under_o seem_v to_o i_o hardly_o accountable_a unless_o we_o allow_v lesser_a comet_n to_o have_v be_v companion_n to_o the_o great_a and_o by_o their_o various_a position_n and_o other_o circumstance_n to_o have_v occasion_v some_o at_o least_o of_o that_o variety_n and_o strangeness_n in_o many_o of_o their_o phaenomâ—nâ—_n which_o not_o a_o few_o account_n confirm_v to_o we_o 6._o it_o be_v allege_v &c_n that_o before_o the_o sun_n become_v visible_a it_o be_v not_o supposable_a that_o on_o the_o second_o day_n of_o the_o creation_n his_o heat_n can_v raise_v vapour_n enough_o to_o fiâ—l_v the_o sea_n lake_n and_o river_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n on_o which_o yet_o my_o account_n of_o their_o original_a be_v entire_o build_v now_o not_o to_o examine_v the_o computation_n which_o mr._n keill_n make_v use_v of_o about_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n raise_v and_o fall_v in_o a_o year_n which_o i_o suppose_v may_v be_v accurate_a enough_o nor_o to_o inquire_v how_o little_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n may_v be_v diminish_v on_o the_o earth_n by_o so_o few_o vapour_n collect_v together_o as_o may_v yet_o be_v sufficient_a to_o hide_v his_o body_n from_o our_o fight_n i_o will_v ask_v mr._n keill_n what_o if_o the_o sun_n in_o half_a a_o year_n do_v not_o draw_v up_o vapour_n enough_o to_o make_v the_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o present_a ocean_n what_o be_v this_o to_o i_o who_o assert_v there_o be_v no_o ocean_n till_o the_o deluge_n nor_o no_o other_o than_o small_a sea_n and_o lake_n perhaps_o not_o contain_v much_o more_o than_o a_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v now_o upon_o the_o earth_n and_o this_o be_v so_o visible_a in_o my_o book_n that_o i_o prove_v there_o be_v before_o the_o flood_n no_o ocean_n 7._o by_o this_o very_a reason_n 2._o that_o the_o sun_n can_v not_o draw_v up_o vapour_n enough_o in_o half_a a_o year_n time_n to_o compose_v so_o vast_a a_o collection_n of_o water_n which_o if_o mr._n keill_n have_v be_v please_v to_o observe_v he_o may_v have_v spare_v i_o the_o pain_n of_o answer_v such_o a_o objection_n have_v proceed_v thus_o far_o in_o my_o own_o vindication_n i_o must_v now_o according_a to_o my_o promise_n be_v so_o ingenuous_a as_o to_o own_o that_o much_o of_o mr._n keill_n reason_v against_o my_o three_o hypothesis_n of_o a_o only_a annual_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n before_o the_o fall_n etc._n and_o so_o of_o a_o half_a year_n of_o cold_a and_o darkness_n together_o without_o a_o great_a freedom_n of_o thought_n than_o i_o expect_v in_o most_o reader_n take_v as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a lay_v down_o in_o my_o book_n be_v strong_a and_o forcible_a and_o unless_o i_o fly_v to_o such_o evasion_n as_o i_o have_v resolve_v against_o not_o easy_o to_o be_v avoid_v but_o then_o i_o must_v desire_v mr._n keill_n to_o do_v i_o so_o much_o justice_n as_o to_o remember_v that_o i_o tell_v the_o reader_n i_o have_v somewhat_o far_o to_o say_v in_o the_o case_n which_o may_v therefore_o by_o a_o private_a enquiry_n have_v be_v first_o understand_v before_o this_o whole_a proposition_n of_o so_o great_a importance_n have_v be_v absolute_o reject_v my_o word_n be_v these_o this_o 102._o when_o right_o consider_v may_v save_v i_o the_o labour_n of_o return_v any_o other_o answer_n to_o the_o particular_a difficulty_n here_o mention_v and_o of_o enlarge_n upon_o several_a other_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v say_v to_o great_a satisfaction_n on_o the_o present_a occasion_n that_o upon_o this_o opportunity_n therefore_o i_o may_v full_o clear_v my_o hypothesis_n from_o this_o obvious_a popular_a and_o not_o inconsiderable_a objection_n i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o set_v this_o matter_n in_o a_o new_a and_o clear_a light_n and_o though_o i_o do_v not_o myself_o see_v any_o plain_a necessity_n of_o alter_v any_o thing_n i_o have_v say_v on_o this_o head_n yet_o because_o i_o have_v be_v long_o inclinable_a to_o think_v the_o follow_a hypothesis_n very_o probable_a as_o it_o be_v certain_o very_o agreeable_a to_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o main_a principle_n of_o my_o theory_n and_o very_o likely_a to_o satisfy_v the_o difficulty_n of_o abundance_n of_o reader_n i_o shall_v more_o full_o explain_v my_o thought_n in_o this_o case_n and_o thereby_o show_v that_o all_o the_o argument_n that_o be_v level_v against_o this_o branch_n of_o the_o new_a theory_n be_v unconcluding_a notwithstanding_o therefore_o i_o have_v already_o and_o do_v still_o assert_v that_o the_o original_a orbit_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v perfect_a circle_n meaning_n by_o the_o original_a orbit_n those_o in_o which_o they_o be_v to_o revolve_v immediate_o after_o they_o be_v entire_o form_v and_o be_v to_o be_v universal_o inhabit_v yet_o i_o must_v now_o add_v what_o i_o at_o first_o have_v some_o imperfect_a thought_n about_o that_o this_o reduction_n of_o the_o very_a oblong_a and_o eccentrical_a orbit_n of_o our_o earth_n whilst_o it_o be_v a_o comet_n into_o a_o uniform_a concentrical_a and_o circular_a one_o which_o i_o suppose_v it_o have_v before_o the_o deluge_n may_v just_o be_v allow_v to_o have_v be_v gradual_a and_o not_o do_v at_o once_o the_o great_a part_n at_o the_o commence_v of_o the_o mosaic_a creation_n and_o the_o rest_n at_o the_o commence_v of_o the_o diurnal_a rotation_n afterward_o as_o indeed_o the_o diurnal_a rotation_n can_v not_o mechanical_o begin_v i_o mean_v by_o the_o oblique_a collision_n of_o a_o comet_n but_o that_o the_o annual_a orbit_n will_v thereby_o be_v alter_v also_o which_o be_v suppose_v and_o that_o providence_n adjust_v all_o circumstance_n so_o as_o shall_v be_v most_o to_o the_o advantage_n of_o paradise_n we_o shall_v then_o have_v the_o earth_n revolve_v in_o a_o moderate_a ellipsis_n without_o any_o diurnal_a rotation_n about_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o year_n though_o the_o exact_a length_n of_o that_o year_n will_v not_o now_o be_v determinable_a a_o day_n and_o a_o year_n will_v be_v all_o one_o we_o shall_v have_v that_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o pass_v through_o paradise_n parallel_n to_o the_o long_a axis_n of_o that_o ellipsis_n it_o revolve_v in_o and_o withal_o we_o shall_v have_v the_o place_n of_o paradise_n respect_v the_o same_o fix_a star_n with_o the_o perthelion_n of_o the_o ellipsis_n which_o be_v suppose_v as_o the_o circular_a orbit_n be_v much_o the_o best_a for_o a_o globe_n inhabit_v all_o round_a that_o provide_v equal_o for_o the_o convenience_n of_o both_o hemisphere_n so_o be_v this_o elliptic_a orbit_n the_o best_a for_o a_o globe_n inhabit_v but_o in_o one_o place_n as_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o primitive_a state_n this_o provide_v peculiar_o for_o
satisfaction_n but_o indeed_o i_o perceive_v by_o all_o mr._n keill'_v reason_v here_o that_o he_o mistake_v my_o notion_n and_o that_o it_o be_v but_o set_v he_o right_o in_o this_o and_o all_o his_o difficulty_n will_v vanish_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n i_o say_v then_o and_o i_o be_o sure_a mr._n keill_n can_v contradict_v it_o that_o a_o light_a solid_a will_n as_o true_o press_v a_o fluid_a heavy_a than_o itself_o till_o it_o be_v sink_v so_o deep_a as_o the_o know_a law_n of_o hydrostaticks_n require_v as_o a_o solid_a that_o be_v specifical_o heavy_a and_o if_o by_o its_o closeness_n of_o texture_n and_o want_v of_o room_n about_o it_o it_o be_v hinder_v from_o real_o descend_v so_o far_o it_o will_v continual_o press_v the_o fluid_a and_o force_v it_o upward_o or_o any_o way_n where_o there_o be_v any_o holes_n and_o fissure_v without_o a_o equal_a degree_n of_o pressure_n upon_o they_o and_o this_o certain_o be_v the_o present_a case_n suppose_v the_o column_n of_o earth_n at_o the_o beginning_n be_v 200_o mile_n in_o depth_n in_o the_o whole_a and_o take_v together_o but_o half_o so_o dense_n as_o the_o fluid_a on_o which_o they_o rely_v then_o at_o the_o mosaic_a creation_n when_o the_o strata_n of_o the_o column_n be_v not_o yet_o consolidate_v but_o every_o where_o previous_a to_o the_o fluid_a the_o several_a column_n will_v as_o mr._n keill_n well_o know_v sink_v 100_o mile_n into_o the_o fluid_a and_o the_o other_o 100_o mile_n will_v be_v extant_a above_o it_o if_o now_o after_o the_o consolidation_n of_o the_o strata_n when_o the_o orb_n can_v sink_v free_o as_o before_o a_o new_a addition_n be_v make_v at_o the_o top_n of_o each_o column_n whether_o of_o light_a or_o heavy_a matter_n it_o be_v all_o one_o equal_a in_o weight_n to_o two_o mile_n of_o the_o same_o column_n which_o be_v just_a the_o case_n of_o the_o deluge_n in_o this_o state_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o pressure_n of_o two_o entire_a mile_n of_o each_o column_n be_v so_o prodigious_o great_a must_v squeeze_v the_o fluid_a upward_o through_o the_o fissure_v which_o be_v just_o open_v and_o fill_v with_o water_n to_o the_o height_n of_o perhaps_o 60_o or_o 70_o mile_n from_o the_o neighbour_a earth_n sature_v with_o the_o same_o and_o thereby_o throw_v out_o the_o incumbent_a water_n and_o perhaps_o itself_o upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o this_o the_o more_o easy_o because_o the_o pressure_n be_v from_o the_o water_n which_o will_v lie_v chief_o in_o the_o valley_n whilst_o the_o fissure_v be_v most_o in_o the_o mountain_n and_o so_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o cortex_fw-la which_o otherwise_o by_o run_v into_o they_o will_v a_o little_a stop_v the_o upward_a current_n and_o retard_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o ascend_a water_n which_o thing_n be_v i_o think_v undeniable_o true_a and_o plain_o express_v in_o my_o book_n i_o must_v be_v a_o little_a surprise_v that_o one_o so_o well_o verse_v in_o hydrostaticks_n as_o mr._n keill_n shall_v be_v so_o perplex_v in_o this_o matter_n all_o mr._n keill_n demonstration_n suppose_v either_o that_o not_o the_o water_n on_o the_o earth_n but_o in_o the_o fissure_v do_v contribute_v to_o raise_v the_o fluid_a through_o they_o which_o i_o can_v not_o be_v so_o childish_a as_o to_o imagine_v or_o that_o the_o several_a column_n of_o earth_n have_v free_a liberty_n and_o can_v subside_o as_o far_o as_o occasion_n shall_v be_v which_o i_o have_v in_o my_o book_n as_o well_o as_o here_o show_v they_o can_v not_o or_o that_o a_o pressure_n from_o a_o column_n specifical_o heavy_a than_o the_o fluid_n be_v necessary_a to_o raise_v it_o upward_o when_o it_o be_v evident_o all_o one_o though_o it_o be_v light_a so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a i_o think_v mr._n keill_n may_v have_v spare_v those_o peremptory_a word_n which_o he_o use_v in_o this_o point_n from_o all_o this_o it_o be_v demonstrative_o evident_a that_o by_o no_o sort_n of_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a fluid_n the_o abyss_n can_v be_v force_v upward_o to_o spread_v itself_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n 215._o which_o i_o hope_v on_o far_a consideration_n he_o will_v think_v fit_a to_o retract_v 10._o it_o be_v object_v etc._n that_o whereas_o i_o derive_v at_o least_o half_a the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n from_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o be_v impossible_a because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o sphere_n or_o collection_n of_o water_n between_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o dense_a fluid_a which_o be_v the_o only_a place_n beside_o in_o mr._n keill_n opinion_n the_o fissure_v themselves_o capable_a of_o contain_v the_o same_o in_o answer_v whereto_o i_o can_v but_o say_v it_o be_v strange_a mr._n keill_n shall_v look_v for_o subterraneous_a water_n every_o where_o else_o but_o where_o i_o always_o place_v they_o in_o the_o pore_n and_o cavity_n of_o all_o the_o low_a earth_n and_o i_o imagine_v mr._n keill_n himself_o will_v not_o deny_v that_o 60_o or_o 70_o mile_n together_o of_o the_o inward_a earth_n satured_a and_o full_a with_o water_n may_v afford_v much_o more_o than_o we_o have_v occasion_n for_o at_o the_o deluge_n and_o so_o may_v easy_o supply_v the_o fissure_v in_o a_o constant_a drain_v for_o 5_o month_n together_o with_o enough_o to_o go_v more_o than_o half_a way_n in_o the_o lay_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n under_o water_n however_o since_o we_o know_v not_o nor_o do_v i_o ever_o direct_o assign_v in_o what_o proportion_n the_o two_o several_a cause_n of_o the_o deluge_n contribute_v their_o share_n thereto_o my_o theory_n be_v not_o concern_v though_o no_o more_o water_n be_v throw_v out_o upon_o the_o earth_n than_o fill_v the_o fissure_n as_o high_a as_o the_o earth_n be_v sature_v with_o water_n at_o the_o mosaic_a creation_n which_o quantity_n even_o mr._n keill_n seem_v not_o unwilling_a to_o allow_v i_o as_o to_o the_o dense_n fluid_v itself_o and_o whether_o the_o force_n be_v great_a enough_o any_o where_o to_o cast_v any_o quantity_n thereof_o out_o upon_o the_o earth_n i_o know_v not_o how_o to_o determine_v though_o so_o far_o i_o be_o sure_a that_o vast_a quantity_n of_o it_o may_v have_v be_v on_o the_o earth_n without_o any_o of_o its_o appear_v now_o above_o ground_n which_o be_v mr._n keill_n objection_n in_o this_o case_n for_o unless_o there_o be_v more_o than_o satured_a and_o perhaps_o consolidated_n with_o the_o sediment_n of_o the_o water_n which_o now_o as_o mr._n keill_n will_v grant_v compose_v at_o least_o two_o or_o three_o hundred_o foot_n thickness_n of_o our_o present_a earth_n i_o be_o sure_a we_o be_v not_o on_o account_n of_o their_o mighty_a gravity_n bear_v they_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o whole_a fluid_n to_o expect_v any_o remains_o of_o it_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o ocean_n no_o nor_o in_o any_o pit_n holes_n or_o valley_n upon_o the_o present_a earth_n and_o here_o mr._n keill_n be_v so_o kind_a as_o to_o afford_v i_o a_o breathe_a time_n and_o to_o grant_v so_o many_o of_o my_o solution_n to_o be_v right_a at_o once_o namely_o all_o those_o relate_n to_o dr._n woodward_n essay_n 217._o and_o the_o sediment_n of_o the_o deluge_n that_o i_o can_v but_o own_o my_o real_a joy_n on_o this_o occasion_n that_o the_o force_n of_o my_o reason_n shall_v here_o prove_v so_o strong_a as_o to_o satisfy_v even_o mr._n keill_n who_o seem_v so_o little_a to_o acquiesce_v in_o many_o other_o of_o my_o argument_n in_o that_o entire_a point_n of_o which_o i_o must_v grant_v myself_o from_o any_o inquiry_n of_o my_o own_o to_o be_v the_o least_o master_n of_o all_o other_o in_o my_o book_n and_o true_o i_o must_v say_v that_o i_o think_v mr._n keill_n by_o confess_v that_o i_o have_v convince_o enough_o prove_v that_o a_o comet_n pass_v by_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o deluge_n and_o that_o all_o dr._n woodward_n phaenomena_n be_v right_o account_v for_o by_o that_o easy_a hypothesis_n i_o take_v concern_v they_o by_o these_o concession_n i_o say_v i_o believe_v mr._n keill_n have_v do_v more_o to_o establish_v my_o book_n than_o all_o his_o objection_n will_v avail_v to_o reject_v it_o and_o himself_o be_v therefore_o much_o more_o my_o friend_n and_o patron_n than_o he_o ever_o intend_v to_o have_v be_v by_o these_o remark_n on_o my_o theory_n but_o to_o leave_v this_o digression_n and_o proceed_v to_o the._n 11._o and_o last_o objection_n etc._n which_o be_v this_o that_o though_o i_o can_v easy_o fetch_v as_o much_o water_n as_o i_o have_v occasion_n for_o upon_o the_o earth_n to_o drown_v it_o yet_o i_o have_v no_o way_n to_o get_v handsome_o rid_v of_o it_o again_o and_o consequent_o my_o solution_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o universal_a deluge_n come_v to_o nothing_o and_o
all_o at_o last_o must_v be_v resolve_v into_o miracle_n now_o how_o it_o have_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o this_o drain_n off_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n have_v be_v so_o much_o stick_v at_o i_o can_v tell_v the_o thing_n itself_o have_v i_o think_v no_o difficulty_n in_o it_o certain_o the_o pore_n and_o interstice_n of_o 30_o or_o 40._o mile_n of_o dry_a earth_n be_v capable_a of_o receive_v 3_o or_o 4_o mile_n of_o water_n into_o they_o and_o certain_o the_o same_o fissure_v which_o permit_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o fluid_n from_o beneath_o before_o will_v after_o the_o cease_n of_o that_o force_n permit_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n and_o by_o degree_n in_o length_n of_o time_n draw_v they_o off_o and_o so_o leave_v the_o earth_n as_o it_o now_o appear_v to_o we_o for_o what_o be_v in_o the_o perpendicular_a fissure_n will_v sideways_o run_v into_o and_o saturate_a by_o the_o horizontal_n fissure_v and_o other_o passage_n all_o the_o neighbour_a earth_n which_o if_o mr._n keill_n doubt_v of_o let_v he_o but_o make_v a_o hole_n in_o the_o earth_n and_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n and_o see_v whether_o he_o do_v not_o perceive_v the_o neighbour_a part_n to_o be_v moisten_v and_o the_o hole_n to_o be_v soon_o empty_a enough_o to_o require_v a_o new_a supply_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v no_o subterraneous_a cavern_n ready_a to_o receive_v it_o which_o easy_a experiment_n may_v go_v a_o great_a way_n to_o convince_v mr._n keill_n that_o the_o remove_v the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n be_v no_o such_o insuperable_a problem_n as_o he_o seem_v to_o suppose_v it_o thus_o i_o have_v go_v through_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o reflection_n make_v by_o mr._n keill_n on_o my_o new_a theory_n and_o hope_v i_o have_v observe_v the_o rule_n which_o at_o his_o desire_n i_o at_o first_o set_v myself_o in_o this_o reply_n and_o all_o that_o i_o in_o my_o turn_n shall_v claim_v of_o he_o in_o case_n he_o think_v sit_v to_o make_v any_o rejoinder_n be_v this_o that_o he_o will_v be_v careful_a therein_o to_o observe_v the_o same_o rule_n himself_o which_o he_o expect_v from_o i_o and_o be_v as_o ready_a to_o own_o any_o satisfaction_n i_o may_v have_v give_v he_o in_o any_o point_n as_o to_o reinforce_v those_o objection_n he_o may_v perhaps_o not_o yet_o be_v satisfy_v about_o and_o as_o i_o shall_v willing_o correct_v any_o occasional_a mistake_n whether_o in_o other_o point_n or_o in_o the_o mathematics_n of_o my_o book_n a_o few_o of_o which_o though_o of_o no_o ill_a consequence_n to_o the_o theory_n itself_o i_o be_o conscious_a of_o if_o it_o ever_o come_v to_o a_o second_o edition_n so_o in_o order_n thereto_o i_o shall_v hearty_o thank_v mr._n keill_n or_o any_o body_n else_o who_o shall_v be_v so_o kind_a as_o by_o letter_n to_o inform_v i_o of_o any_o of_o they_o i_o have_v now_o do_v with_o mr._n keill_n remark_n on_o my_o theory_n and_o before_o we_o part_v i_o shall_v only_o desire_v he_o to_o answer_v plain_o to_o a_o question_n or_o two_o relate_v to_o the_o matter_n now_o in_o debate_n between_o we_o and_o shall_v then_o take_v my_o leave_n i._n since_o mr._n keill_n grant_v that_o a_o comet_n pass_v by_o at_o the_o deluge_n and_o yet_o contend_v that_o the_o flood_n be_v not_o to_o be_v solve_v therefrom_o but_o be_v to_o be_v believe_v whole_o miraculous_a to_o what_o purpose_n do_v the_o comet_n so_o providential_o pass_v by_o just_a at_o that_o time_n if_o it_o have_v no_o relation_n to_o the_o deluge_n do_v mr._n keill_n imagine_v that_o the_o same_o miraculous_a power_n which_o cause_v the_o deluge_n can_v not_o also_o without_o the_o attraction_n of_o a_o comet_n make_v the_o earth_n orbit_n elliptical_a a_o strange_a unheard_a of_o and_o most_o surprise_v phaenomenon_n happen_v in_o the_o world_n a_o blaze_a star_n which_o we_o but_o seldom_o discover_v at_o a_o vast_a distance_n in_o the_o heaven_n descend_v hard_o by_o the_o body_n of_o our_o earth_n which_o without_o the_o great_a exactness_n in_o the_o chain_n of_o providence_n do_v not_o happen_v in_o thousand_o nay_o million_o of_o year_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o be_v pass_v by_o a_o wonderful_a and_o incredible_a deluge_n of_o water_n overflow_v the_o whole_a earth_n and_o drown_v all_o its_o inhabitant_n without_o any_o other_o visible_a or_o imaginable_a occasion_n in_o the_o world_n and_o yet_o as_o it_o seem_v the_o comet_n only_o accidental_o pass_v by_o and_o have_v no_o hand_n at_o all_o in_o the_o deluge_n credat_fw-la judaeus_fw-la apella_n 2._o how_o can_v those_o effect_n i_o have_v mention_v be_v avoid_v upon_o the_o pass_n by_o of_o the_o comet_n we_o be_v not_o now_o in_o a_o cartesian_a vortex_n where_o fancy_n and_o contrivance_n can_v introduce_v or_o hinder_v any_o effect_n at_o pleasure_n but_o we_o be_v in_o mechanical_a and_o experimental_a philosophy_n which_o be_v a_o inflexible_a thing_n and_o not_o at_o all_o subject_n to_o our_o inclination_n when_o the_o comet_n therefore_o be_v just_o pass_v by_o we_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v how_o the_o earth_n can_v possible_o avoid_v pass_v through_o its_o atmosphere_n and_o tail_n if_o it_o can_v not_o pray_v what_o can_v prevent_v the_o acquire_v that_o column_n of_o vapour_n i_o by_o computation_n find_v will_v fall_v on_o its_o surface_n and_o if_o such_o a_o column_n of_o vapour_n be_v leave_v on_o the_o earth_n what_o can_v hinder_v their_o become_a water_n and_o drown_v the_o earth_n i_o shall_v not_o though_o i_o easy_o may_v carry_v on_o the_o chain_n of_o query_n any_o long_o but_o if_o mr._n keill_n can_v fair_o answer_v i_o these_o few_o lead_a question_n i_o shall_v then_o believe_v he_o alike_o able_a to_o answer_v the_o rest_n and_o so_o i_o shall_v not_o pursue_v this_o particular_a any_o far_o but_o leave_v it_o and_o this_o whole_a matter_n to_o he_o and_o the_o reader_n be_v leisure_n and_o consideration_n apr._n 1._o 1698._o have_v thus_o finish_v what_o i_o have_v to_o return_v to_o mr._n keill_n i_o shall_v upon_o this_o occasion_n consider_v such_o other_o material_a difficulty_n and_o objection_n relate_v to_o the_o new_a theory_n as_o have_v come_v to_o my_o knowledge_n any_o way_n either_o in_o print_n or_o in_o private_a letter_n conceal_v still_o the_o name_n of_o those_o who_o have_v be_v so_o kind_a as_o to_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o latter_a method_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o in_o many_o case_n the_o author_n need_v have_v be_v no_o more_o ashamed_a of_o their_o argument_n than_o any_o of_o those_o who_o have_v choose_v the_o more_o public_a method_n and_o appear_v from_o the_o press_n against_o i_o and_o i_o fear_v not_o to_o appeal_v to_o the_o person_n concern_v for_o the_o fairness_n and_o justness_n of_o my_o proposal_n of_o their_o objection_n and_o that_o the_o return_v i_o now_o make_v be_v general_o for_o substance_n the_o same_o which_o my_o private_a answer_n contain_v upon_o the_o several_a occasion_n to_o go_v on_o therefore_o with_o the_o number_n 12._o the_o next_o objection_n be_v remark_n that_o i_o have_v omit_v many_o insuperable_a difficulty_n which_o have_v be_v urge_v against_o the_o form_n of_o our_o present_a upper_a earth_n from_o the_o sediment_n of_o the_o deluge_n in_o answer_v whereto_o for_o to_o say_v nothing_o that_o the_o non-appearance_n of_o any_o town_n city_n building_n or_o other_o remain_v of_o the_o antediluvian_n world_n be_v next_o to_o a_o demonstration_n on_o my_o side_n i_o must_v own_o that_o i_o be_v so_o incapable_a of_o overcome_v those_o insuperable_a difficulty_n that_o i_o know_v nothing_o of_o they_o and_o i_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o think_v that_o what_o i_o of_o myself_o suppose_v concern_v the_o natural_a subside_v of_o that_o sediment_n and_o without_o any_o prior_n dissolution_n of_o the_o old_a earth_n its_o compose_v a_o new_a crust_n upon_o it_o have_v be_v once_o hit_v upon_o by_o any_o one_o else_o before_o i_o now_o whether_o there_o be_v such_o insuperable_a difficulty_n as_o to_o the_o main_a stroke_n of_o that_o hypothesis_n i_o ought_v not_o to_o pretend_v skill_n enough_o in_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o inner_a earth_n positive_o to_o determine_v dr._n woodward_n large_a work_n ought_v to_o be_v publish_v before_o one_o can_v venture_v to_o pronounce_v too_o dogmatical_o in_o that_o point_n as_o to_o myself_o i_o see_v hitherto_o no_o reason_n to_o change_v my_o belief_n therein_o notwithstanding_o the_o confidence_n of_o this_o author_n whatever_o difficulty_n may_v appear_v at_o the_o first_o sight_n arise_v it_o may_v be_v from_o a_o misunderstanding_n of_o several_a particular_n relate_v thereto_o and_o of_o several_a circumstance_n therein_o to_o be_v consider_v yet_o those_o numerous_a shell_n bone_n
ever_o long_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o day_n be_v only_o in_o two_o place_n of_o the_o scripture_n denominate_v by_o evening_n morning_n 26._o the_o one_o here_o and_o the_o other_o in_o daniel_n and_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o latter_a they_o signify_v year_n 84._o will_v not_o be_v averse_a from_o believe_v the_o former_a to_o denote_v the_o same_o also_o beside_o i_o have_v already_o deny_v that_o all_o word_n of_o time_n be_v use_v whole_o promiscuous_o in_o scripture_n and_o be_o confident_a the_o contrary_n be_v not_o to_o be_v prove_v therefrom_o but_o as_o to_o the_o profane_a testimony_n those_o who_o can_v give_v a_o rational_a account_n of_o they_o will_v never_o slight_v '_o they_o and_o whatever_o be_v here_o in_o the_o general_n say_v i_o refer_v myself_o to_o the_o consider_a reader_n whether_o i_o have_v not_o demonstrate_v those_o ancient_a philosopher_n to_o agree_v better_a to_o i_o than_o to_o dr._n burnet_n hypothesis_n but_o instead_o of_o a_o far_a answer_n here_o i_o shall_v add_v another_o confirmation_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n which_o since_o my_o book_n be_v publish_v be_v discover_v by_o a_o friend_n and_o communicate_v to_o i_o which_o i_o must_v own_o to_o be_v a_o much_o more_o remarkable_a testimony_n than_o any_o of_o those_o i_o former_o insist_v on_o which_o therefore_o i_o shall_v recommend_v to_o the_o reader_n be_v consideration_n and_o it_o be_v this_o it_o be_v the_o assertion_n of_o empedocles_n plac._n that_o in_o the_o primitive_a constitution_n of_o thing_n the_o day_n philosoph_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o reason_n of_o the_o slowness_n of_o the_o sun_n course_n 18._o be_v equal_a to_o ten_o month_n censorin_n natali_n which_o if_o we_o allow_v either_o to_o refer_v to_o the_o time_n when_o the_o civil_a year_n as_o the_o roman_a before_o numa_n pompilius_n have_v but_o 10_o month_n 20._o or_o to_o the_o day_n time_n alone_o i_o mean_v the_o space_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v be_v above_o the_o horizon_n which_o be_v a_o common_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n day_n accord_v so_o exact_o with_o my_o hypothesis_n as_o it_o stand_v at_o present_a that_o nothing_o can_v do_v more_o so_o and_o come_v so_o late_o so_o unexpected_a and_o yet_o so_o entire_o home_o to_o our_o point_n be_v just_o i_o think_v to_o be_v look_v on_o as_o decretory_n in_o the_o present_a case_n 15._o it_o be_v say_v i_o have_v not_o ground_n enough_o to_o suppose_v a_o double_a course_n of_o rain_n at_o the_o deluge_n nichols_n this_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o small_a consequence_n for_o as_o i_o with_o other_o think_v the_o double_a course_n much_o the_o most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o sacred_a history_n and_o have_v according_o account_v for_o it_o so_o in_o case_n it_o be_v not_o so_o no_o great_a harm_n will_v accrue_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o my_o theory_n for_o as_o if_o the_o comet_n be_v orb_n be_v exact_o in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o ecliptic_a the_o earth_n will_v fall_v a_o second_o time_n into_o it_o unless_o its_o tail_n be_v very_o short_a so_o if_o either_o of_o those_o circumstance_n be_v otherwise_o which_o we_o can_v only_o determine_v from_o the_o effect_n there_o can_v be_v no_o second_o course_n of_o rain_n upon_o my_o hypothesis_n all_o which_o be_v say_v more_o with_o regard_n to_o other_o notion_n than_o my_o own_o for_o i_o confess_v i_o see_v no_o manner_n of_o reason_n to_o recede_v in_o this_o point_n from_o what_o i_o have_v say_v already_o in_o the_o new_a theory_n 16._o it_o be_v say_v that_o by_o suppose_v sea_n without_o cloud_n before_o the_o flood_n i_o contradict_v the_o know_a phaenomena_n of_o nature_n nichols_n for_o when_o vapour_n and_o steam_n be_v raise_v they_o must_v necessary_o gather_v into_o cloud_n as_o they_o do_v at_o present_a but_o sure_a this_o be_v too_o hasty_a a_o conclusion_n and_o if_o the_o moon_n have_v sea_n as_o be_v general_o allow_v it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o know_a appearance_n of_o that_o planet_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o any_o of_o the_o other_o and_o certain_o the_o long_a space_n at_o some_o time_n and_o in_o some_o region_n which_o be_v without_o cloud_n even_o in_o our_o present_a state_n of_o thing_n when_o yet_o vast_a quantity_n of_o vapour_n continue_v in_o the_o air_n be_v sufficient_a answer_n to_o this_o argument_n it_o be_v i_o think_v the_o wind_n and_o the_o irregular_a condensation_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o superior_a and_o inferior_a vapour_n which_o occasion_n those_o thick_a mass_n in_o the_o air_n we_o call_v cloud_n and_o those_o shower_n consequent_a thereupon_o and_o not_o any_o thing_n belong_v to_o the_o antediluvian_n earth_n 17._o it_o be_v object_v with_o great_a show_n of_o accuracy_n nichols_n that_o in_o 40_o day_n or_o 96_o day_n but_o a_o very_a small_a quantity_n of_o vapour_n 4000_o time_n as_o rare_a as_o our_o air_n can_v descend_v within_o which_o space_n yet_o the_o rain_n at_o the_o deluge_n must_v be_v confine_v for_o as_o vapour_n now_o condense_a and_o fall_v about_o a_o mile_n in_o six_o hour_n when_o they_o compose_v the_o dew_n so_o vapour_n 4000_o time_n rare_a will_v be_v 4000_o time_n as_o long_o before_o they_o will_v descend_v so_o that_o every_o mile_n of_o the_o comet_n be_v vapour_n at_o least_o that_o of_o the_o tail_n must_v be_v 1000_o day_n or_o almost_o 3_o year_n in_o condense_v into_o rain_n and_o so_o by_o consequence_n 750000_o mile_n of_o this_o vapour_n must_v be_v almost_o three_o time_n 750000_o year_n before_o it_o be_v all_o condense_v and_o fall_v upon_o the_o earth_n now_o in_o answer_n to_o this_o i_o say_v here_o be_v a_o gross_a mistake_n that_o every_o mile_n of_o the_o comet_n be_v vapour_n must_v have_v a_o distinct_a time_n of_o condense_v and_o descend_v as_o they_o all_o fall_v at_o once_o upon_o the_o earth_n at_o first_o so_o those_o of_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o rareness_n will_v general_o be_v condense_v and_o descend_v at_o once_o upon_o the_o earth_n in_o rain_n afterward_o and_o as_o the_o vapour_n be_v of_o several_a degree_n of_o rareness_n and_o subject_a to_o various_a chance_n will_v successive_o descend_v and_o cause_v continual_a rain_n so_o i_o think_v the_o space_n of_o 40_o and_o of_o 96_o day_n sufficient_a to_o confine_v the_o last_o of_o they_o respective_o the_o altitude_n and_o where_o the_o air_n be_v 4000_o time_n as_o rare_a as_o with_o we_o and_o whence_o by_o consequence_n the_o high_a will_v descend_v from_o be_v not_o so_o many_o mile_n as_o one_o will_v imagine_v as_o the_o torricellian_a tube_n by_o its_o different_a height_n at_o the_o foot_n and_o top_n of_o mountain_n assure_v we_o nor_o indeed_o any_o other_o than_o very_o well_o agree_v with_o the_o 40_o and_o 96_o day_n of_o descent_n which_o be_v necessary_a in_o the_o present_a case_n as_o on_o a_o fair_a calculation_n will_n i_o believe_v easy_o appear_v though_o it_o be_v so_o impossible_a to_o state_n all_o the_o point_n relate_v to_o this_o matter_n very_o nice_o that_o i_o think_v it_o hardly_o worth_a while_n to_o set_v about_o it_o since_o the_o general_a consideration_n hereof_o do_v so_o whole_o take_v off_o the_o force_n of_o the_o present_a objection_n 18._o it_o be_v say_v that_o because_o the_o body_n of_o comet_n appear_v much_o less_o in_o their_o perihelia_n than_o before_o nichols_n it_o be_v probable_a their_o tale_n be_v smoak_n and_o not_o vapour_n and_o that_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o comet_n be_v by_o the_o sun_n heat_n evaporate_v and_o compose_v the_o tail_n now_o true_o this_o be_v to_o i_o news_n that_o the_o central_n body_n of_o a_o comet_n grow_v much_o less_o at_o the_o perihelion_n it_o be_v true_a the_o atmosphere_n become_v somewhat_o less_o at_o that_o time_n which_o be_v a_o natural_a effect_n of_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o part_n of_o it_o into_o the_o tail_n but_o smoak_n be_v a_o earthly_a substance_n not_o to_o be_v rarify_v or_o elevate_v in_o any_o proportion_n with_o vapour_n and_o indeed_o when_o i_o see_v shower_n of_o dust_n or_o smoke_n as_o common_a as_o those_o of_o rain_n i_o may_v be_v tempt_v to_o doubt_v of_o this_o point_n but_o hardly_o before_o especial_o if_o we_o regard_v the_o tail_n in_o its_o descent_n from_o the_o cold_a region_n which_o must_v certain_o be_v vapour_n till_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o heat_n in_o the_o perihelion_n do_v mix_v other_o earthly_a body_n therewith_o though_o if_o much_o smoke_n be_v among_o the_o vapour_n i_o see_v not_o what_o great_a harm_n will_v ensue_v to_o my_o hypothesis_n thereby_o 19_o it_o be_v say_v noah_n and_o the_o ark_n must_v have_v be_v scorch_a or_o burn_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o comet_n and_o its_o atmosphere_n nichols_n if_o they_o come_v as_o near_o as_o my_o hypothesis_n require_v to_o omit_v here_o the_o place_n
observation_n hereafter_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n it_o be_v perhaps_o worth_a our_o enquiry_n corol._n whether_o most_o man_n notion_n of_o the_o time_n for_o the_o abate_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n be_v not_o very_o precarious_a 61._o at_o least_o if_o not_o whole_o mistake_v it_o be_v the_o general_a opinion_n take_v from_o the_o mosaic_a history_n of_o the_o flood_n that_o the_o water_n be_v whole_o subside_v and_o the_o earth_n lay_v as_o dry_v in_o a_o manner_n as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a by_o that_o time_n noah_n come_v out_o of_o the_o ark_n or_o in_o the_o space_n of_o about_o a_o year_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o flood_n it_o be_v true_a moses_n say_v 4._o that_o on_o the_o seventeen_o day_n of_o the_o seven_o month_n the_o water_n be_v abate_v and_o the_o ark_n rest_v on_o the_o mountain_n of_o ararat_n 5._o that_o on_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o ten_o month_n the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v see_v 13._o that_o on_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o next_o year_n the_o water_n be_v dry_v up_o from_o off_o the_o earth_n and_o then_o last_o etc._n that_o on_o the_o twentyseventh_a day_n of_o the_o second_o month_n be_v the_o earth_n dry_v and_o noah_n call_v out_o of_o the_o ark._n but_o all_o this_o may_v be_v very_o true_a and_o yet_o vast_a quantity_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n may_v at_o the_o same_o time_n remain_v on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o as_o the_o present_a ocean_n may_v be_v still_o part_n of_o the_o same_o so_o the_o rest_n of_o they_o may_v require_v a_o hundred_o or_o two_o hundred_o year_n before_o they_o arrive_v at_o or_o near_o to_o their_o present_a subsidence_n and_o condition_n and_o this_o i_o think_v be_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o case_n and_o be_v so_o far_o from_o contradict_v the_o sacred_a history_n that_o it_o may_v be_v establish_v by_o a_o observation_n or_o two_o from_o thence_o as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o present_a phaenomena_n of_o nature_n as_o to_o the_o sacred_a history_n of_o moses_n it_o be_v first_o evident_a that_o the_o mountainous_a region_n about_o ararat_n or_o caucasus_n especial_o since_o they_o be_v from_o my_o hypothesis_n particular_o elevate_v above_o the_o rest_n may_v be_v whole_o clear_a of_o the_o water_n in_o a_o year_n time_n and_o yet_o the_o low_a plain_n and_o valley_n in_o a_o very_a different_a case_n and_o still_o to_o a_o great_a depth_n under_o the_o water_n and_o it_o be_v as_o evident_a 2ly_a that_o we_o have_v no_o authentic_a account_n of_o the_o low_a plain_n be_v become_v dry_a and_o habitable_a even_o in_o region_n more_o elevate_v than_o many_o other_o i_o mean_v about_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o our_o continent_n till_o the_o building_n of_o babel_n the_o confusion_n of_o language_n and_o the_o dispersion_n of_o the_o nation_n over_o the_o earth_n none_o of_o which_o happen_v before_o the_o second_o century_n from_o the_o deluge_n 2._o in_o the_o day_n of_o peleg_n and_o then_o as_o to_o the_o present_a phaenomena_n of_o nature_n i_o think_v they_o determine_v the_o question_n before_o we_o and_o sufficient_o demonstrate_v the_o long_a abode_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n upon_o the_o earth_n than_o be_v common_o allow_v for_o as_o many_o maritime_a country_n which_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v and_o other_o have_v note_v the_o same_o do_v by_o their_o remarkable_o even_a and_o smooth_a surface_n edit_n show_v they_o have_v be_v make_v so_o in_o length_n of_o time_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o now_o lay_v the_o sand_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n so_o do_v the_o consideration_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o position_n of_o the_o strata_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o some_o place_n now_o full_o confirm_v the_o same_o observation_n near_o my_o habitation_n at_o present_a upon_o the_o sea-coast_n there_o be_v a_o pretty_a high_a and_o remarkable_a cliff_n at_o the_o least_o twenty_o foot_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ocean_n adjoin_v and_o yet_o it_o be_v to_o the_o very_a top_n stratum_n of_o all_o almost_o as_o evident_o the_o product_n of_o the_o water_n lay_v heap_n strata_n and_o bed_n of_o sand_n and_o chingle_a as_o that_o very_a shore_n on_o which_o we_o stand_v and_o which_o be_v daily_o make_v and_o remove_v by_o the_o tide_n and_o wave_n of_o the_o present_a ocean_n and_o as_o i_o do_v not_o doubt_v from_o the_o always_o equal_a height_n of_o the_o ocean_n everywhere_o that_o it_o be_v frequent_o thus_o in_o other_o place_n also_o so_o this_o be_v i_o think_v a_o plain_a evidence_n that_o the_o ocean_n have_v be_v at_o least_o 20_o foot_n high_o than_o it_o be_v now_o and_o that_o for_o a_o long_a time_n together_o sufficient_a i_o mean_v to_o heap_v up_o such_o mighty_a bed_n of_o sand_n and_o chingle_a as_o the_o present_a observation_n do_v require_v which_o of_o itself_o be_v at_o once_o a_o demonstration_n that_o all_o the_o low_a region_n near_o the_o sea_n have_v former_o be_v drown_v and_o lie_v under_o water_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n do_v full_o confirm_v that_o length_n of_o time_n which_o i_o assert_v be_v take_v up_o in_o the_o entire_a subsidence_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n in_o this_o place_n i_o can_v but_o propose_v a_o conjecture_n i_o have_v for_o some_o time_n have_v in_o my_o mind_n about_o the_o people_n of_o china_n 8._o which_o i_o think_v may_v deserve_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o it_o be_v this._n that_o the_o chinese_n be_v the_o offspring_n of_o noah_n himself_o after_o the_o flood_n and_o not_o derive_v from_o any_o of_o his_o other_o posterity_n shem_fw-mi ham_n or_o japhet_n as_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n be_v this_o conjecture_n depend_v on_o the_o follow_a reason_n 1._o the_o account_n of_o the_o posterity_n of_o shem_n ham_n and_o japhet_n and_o of_o their_o dispersion_n give_v no_o hint_n of_o any_o that_o go_v so_o far_o east_n as_o china_n as_o i_o think_v be_v plain_a from_o the_o best_a exposition_n of_o the_o 10_o of_o genesis_n where_o that_o matter_n be_v chief_o treat_v of_o 2._o since_o the_o dispersion_n of_o the_o posterity_n of_o shem_n ham_n and_o japhet_n appear_v to_o have_v begin_v about_o babylon_n a_o country_n so_o remote_a as_o china_n can_v not_o be_v so_o soon_o reach_v and_o people_v as_o the_o prodigious_a number_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n at_o present_a show_v it_o to_o have_v be_v the_o near_a region_n must_v have_v be_v first_o and_o most_o full_o people_v and_o the_o remote_a not_o till_o man_n be_v increase_v sufficient_o to_o require_v new_a habitation_n and_o according_o it_o have_v happen_v in_o the_o country_n of_o europe_n africa_n and_o the_o western_a part_n of_o asia_n to_o which_o i_o suppose_v the_o dispersion_n begin_v at_o babel_n be_v confine_v but_o this_o be_v a_o sufficient_a proof_n that_o so_o very_o large_a and_o prodigious_o populous_a a_o country_n as_o china_n can_v not_o be_v of_o so_o late_a a_o original_a as_o it_o must_v be_v in_o case_n the_o chinese_n be_v derive_v from_o this_o dispersion_n 3._o the_o sacred_a history_n soon_o after_o the_o flood_n confine_v itself_o within_o the_o then_o know_a world_n which_o i_o think_v do_v not_o include_v china_n no_o more_o than_o america_n 19_o and_o which_o be_v style_v the_o whole_a earth_n very_o often_o in_o scripture_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n say_v not_o a_o word_n of_o the_o great_a father_n of_o the_o whole_a race_n of_o mankind_n noah_n except_v the_o number_n of_o year_n he_o live_v now_o this_o be_v i_o think_v a_o kind_n of_o intimation_n that_o noah_n have_v no_o share_n in_o the_o action_n relate_v in_o the_o sacred_a history_n and_o so_o by_o a_o fair_a consequence_n be_v probable_o place_v in_o china_n a_o region_n out_o of_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o then_o know_v world_n 4._o it_o be_v otherwise_o strange_a that_o whereas_o caucasus_n the_o restingplace_n of_o the_o ark_n be_v so_o near_o the_o middle_n of_o our_o continent_n no_o footstep_n shall_v remain_v of_o any_o colony_n send_v eastward_o but_o all_o mankind_n shall_v take_v one_o course_n and_o place_n themselves_o in_o the_o western_a region_n alone_o and_o this_o at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o no_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v why_o the_o western_a country_n shall_v be_v more_o invite_v to_o they_o than_o the_o eastern_a since_o the_o latter_a certain_o have_v be_v as_o valuable_a and_o pleasant_a to_o the_o past_a and_o present_a age_n as_o the_o former_a 5._o the_o chinese_n language_n and_o write_n be_v so_o entire_o different_a from_o those_o with_o we_o which_o the_o confusion_n at_o babel_n introduce_v and_o be_v at_o so_o vast_a a_o distance_n from_o they_o that_o i_o think_v they_o can_v well_o be_v derive_v from_o thence_o nor_o from_o