about_o the_o meridian_n because_o in_o this_o position_n they_o be_v near_o to_o the_o earth_n almost_o by_o one_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o same_o argument_n be_v valid_a as_o touch_v the_o sun_n also_o for_o his_o diameter_n be_v not_o find_v great_a in_o the_o meridian_n than_o when_o he_o be_v yet_o on_o the_o horizon_n but_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v a_o little_o great_a in_o the_o meridian_n than_o when_o as_o yet_o she_o be_v on_o the_o horizon_n therefore_o in_o the_o meridian_n it_o be_v somewhat_o nigh_o to_o we_o to_o wit_n almost_o one_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n chap._n vii_o concern_v the_o substance_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o have_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n consider_v the_o quality_n or_o property_n of_o the_o earth_n no_o regard_n be_v take_v of_o its_o substance_n or_o be_v but_o now_o these_o be_v declare_v it_o be_v fit_v we_o consider_v this_o also_o that_o we_o may_v know_v what_o kind_n of_o body_n the_o earth_n be_v and_o how_o its_o part_n cohere_v together_o the_o which_o although_o it_o may_v rather_o rather_o seem_v natural_a yet_o because_o it_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o will_v here_o handle_v brief_o leave_v the_o accurate_a consideration_n thereof_o to_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n proposition_n i._o to_o declare_v of_o what_o simple_a and_o similar_v body_n the_o earth_n may_v consist_v or_o be_v compound_v of_o earth_n of_o the_o four_o element_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v divers_a opinion_n of_o philosopher_n concern_v this_o matter_n the_o peripatetic_n number_n four_o element_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o whole_a sublunary_a world_n be_v now_o sufficient_o know_v to_o the_o very_a vulgar_a fire_n air_n water_n and_o earth_n many_o of_o the_o ancient_n as_o democritus_n and_o leucippus_n determine_v that_o the_o whole_a world_n consist_v of_o very_o little_a solid_a piece_n which_o differ_v only_o in_o their_o various_a figure_n shape_n and_o magnitude_n and_o they_o many_o of_o the_o late_a philosopher_n do_v follow_v and_o of_o late_a cartesius_n endeavour_v by_o such_o a_o hypothesis_n to_o declare_v all_o natural_a appearance_n chemist_n the_o three_o principle_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o chemist_n chemist_n make_v three_o principle_n sal_fw-la sulphur_n and_o mercury_n to_o who_o some_o do_v right_o add_v caput_fw-la mortuum_fw-la or_o the_o dead_a head_n when_o as_o they_o three_o be_v fruitful_a but_o to_o i_o doubtful_a term_n and_o word_n be_v lay_v aside_o and_o the_o thing_n themselves_o well_o consider_v there_o seem_v to_o be_v five_o simple_a body_n the_o first_o principle_n of_o all_o thing_n thing_n by_o other_o five_o simple_a body_n the_o first_o principle_n of_o all_o thing_n to_o wit_n water_n oil_n or_o sulphur_n salt_n earth_n and_o a_o certain_a spirit_n which_o the_o chemist_n call_v mercury_n for_o indeed_o all_o body_n and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v resolve_v into_o those_o five_o elementary_a substance_n notwithstanding_o i_o deny_v not_o that_o those_o differ_v not_o so_o much_o in_o essence_n as_o in_o the_o singular_a variety_n of_o their_o shape_n and_o magnitude_n therefore_o the_o whole_a earth_n consist_v of_o these_o simple_a body_n which_o be_v divers_a way_n commix_v from_o whence_o arise_v so_o great_a variety_n of_o body_n which_o do_v appear_v different_a from_o one_o another_o and_o similar_v or_o body_n of_o like_a part_n but_o the_o more_o exquisite_a declaration_n of_o these_o point_n belong_v to_o natural_a philosophy_n which_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o my_o book_n of_o the_o art_n and_o science_n now_o ready_a for_o the_o press_n proposition_n ii_o the_o earth_n be_v divide_v into_o dry_a and_o moist_a part_n or_o into_o earth_n and_o water_n to_o which_o some_o join_v the_o atmosphere_n this_o be_v the_o vulgar_a division_n of_o geographer_n and_o then_o the_o water_n be_v take_v in_o a_o large_a signification_n for_o all_o that_o be_v liquid_a or_o moist_a and_o fluid_a and_o run_a as_o the_o land_n be_v take_v for_o the_o whole_a dry_a and_o consistent_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n nature_n of_o the_o land_n and_o its_o various_a body_n of_o nature_n and_o thereby_o do_v embrace_v and_o comprehend_v such_o various_a body_n of_o nature_n to_o wit_n first_o sand_n loam_n day_n and_o mineral_n earth_n chalk_n cinnaber_n ochre_n terra_fw-la sigiâ—lata_fw-la or_o saracen_n earth_n earth_n of_o samos_n bolearmoniack_n with_o divers_a other_o kind_n of_o earth_n second_o stone_n of_o various_a sort_n the_o chief_a among_o which_o be_v diamond_n emerald_n ruby_n saphire_n etc._n etc._n three_o metal_n among_o which_o be_v gold_n silver_n copper_n tin_n lead_v mercury_n or_o quicksilver_n iron_n steel_n etc._n etc._n four_o brimstone_n salt_n niter_n alom_n bitumen_n vitriol_n antimony_n etc._n etc._n five_o herb_n plant_n etc._n etc._n part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o its_o part_n to_o the_o water_n be_v refer_v first_o the_o sea_n second_o river_n and_o sweet_a water_n three_o lake_n and_o fen_n or_o marsh_n fourthly_a mineral_n water_n as_o hot_a bath_n sour_a water_n etc._n etc._n earth_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o encompass_n the_o earth_n the_o atmosphere_n be_v that_o thin_a and_o subtle_a body_n which_o girt_n and_o encompass_n the_o earth_n towards_o heaven_n and_o contain_v the_o air_n cloud_n shower_n of_o rain_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o into_o these_o three_o part_n the_o earth_n be_v fit_o divide_v proposition_n iii_o to_o expound_v how_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n cleave_v or_o hold_v together_o and_o make_v the_o land_n cavity_n the_o earth_n not_o bound_v with_o one_o superficies_n but_o have_v hollow_a cavity_n 1._o the_o land_n that_o be_v the_o dry_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o bound_v with_o one_o and_o that_o even_a superficies_n or_o surface_n but_o she_o have_v many_o hollow_a cave_n many_o part_n lift_v up_o aloft_o in_o her_o cavity_n cave_n or_o hollow_n which_o be_v here_o and_o there_o find_v round_o about_o the_o whole_a earth_n the_o sea_n or_o ocean_n be_v contain_v and_o therefore_o part_v of_o the_o earthly_a superficies_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n those_o hollow_n or_o cavity_n be_v not_o make_v of_o a_o even_a hollowness_n but_o have_v here_o and_o there_o rock_n and_o elevate_a part_n and_o elsewhere_o they_o have_v gulf_n and_o swallow_n sink_v very_o deep_a so_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n appear_v out_o above_o the_o water_n have_v certain_a as_o it_o be_v navel_v in_o its_o middle_n and_o some_o part_n be_v more_o or_o less_o raise_v up_o or_o sink_v down_o than_o other_o so_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o water_n environ_v the_o whole_a earth_n be_v hinder_v that_o it_o overwhelm_v not_o the_o whole_a earth_n but_o the_o high_a part_n and_o such_o as_o appear_v above_o the_o water_n be_v island_n of_o which_o some_o be_v great_a and_o some_o small_a earth_n mouth_n hole_n pipe_n &_o other_o conveyance_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n 2._o beside_o that_o continual_a channel_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o outward_a superficies_n within_o also_o in_o the_o solid_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v innumerable_a mouth_n hole_n swallow_n wind_n conveyance_n deep_n pipe_n and_o huge_a vast_a receiver_n in_o some_o of_o which_o there_o be_v the_o sea_n which_o by_o that_o secret_a conveyance_n be_v join_v to_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o common_a sea_n in_o some_o again_o there_o be_v sweet_a water_n rivers_n stream_n in_o some_o spirit_n or_o else_o a_o sulphury_a and_o smoke_a substance_n seneca_n say_v right_o he_o give_v too_o much_o way_n to_o his_o eyesight_n who_o believe_v not_o that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o hide_a and_o secret_a bosom_n of_o the_o earth_n bay_n of_o a_o vast_a sea_n neither_o do_v i_o perceive_v what_o may_v hinder_v that_o there_o may_v not_o be_v some_o seashore_n and_o the_o sea_n receive_v by_o hide_a passage_n there_o be_v therefore_o no_o cause_n of_o doubt_v of_o there_o be_v many_o hollow_n in_o the_o very_a solid_a earth_n for_o very_o we_o conjecture_v at_o it_o by_o these_o mean_n first_o by_o the_o river_n which_o be_v find_v in_o many_o place_n where_o earth_n be_v dig_v even_o to_o a_o notable_a depth_n which_o be_v frequent_a in_o mine_n second_o in_o some_o place_n the_o profundity_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v beyond_o all_o sound_a or_o measure_n three_o there_o be_v some_o cave_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o hispaniola_n be_v a_o mountain_n of_o a_o great_a height_n be_v hollow_a within_o with_o many_o cave_n in_o which_o river_n of_o water_n be_v throw_v down_o headlong_o with_o so_o great_a sound_n and_o rush_a noise_n of_o stream_n that_o the_o very_a fall_n of_o those_o water_n may_v be_v hear_v
the_o air_n and_o a_o pressure_n towards_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o air_n be_v force_v to_o the_o sea_n endeavour_v to_o drive_v it_o from_o its_o place_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v fluid_a and_o not_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o force_a air_n therefore_o it_o be_v move_v from_o its_o place_n towards_o the_o place_n of_o the_o opposite_a quarter_n and_o force_v another_o water_n and_o this_o another_o and_o so_o on_o now_o see_v that_o there_o be_v always_o some_o wind_n in_o the_o air_n sometime_o in_o this_o place_n and_o sometime_o in_o that_o and_o sometime_o diverse_a in_o divers_a place_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v certain_a contingent_a motion_n always_o in_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v more_o discernible_a in_o the_o part_n near_o the_o wind_n and_o therefore_o the_o rather_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o sea_n do_v most_o easy_o receive_v a_o impression_n because_o it_o be_v fluid_a proposition_n vii_o the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v twofold_a one_o continual_o from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n the_o other_o compose_v of_o two_o contrary_a motion_n which_o be_v term_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o which_o the_o sea_n at_o certain_a hour_n flow_v to_o the_o shore_n and_o in_o certain_a other_o flow_v back_o again_o we_o shall_v first_o treat_v of_o the_o first_o twofold_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n twofold_a that_o the_o sea_n move_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n continual_o be_v chief_o prove_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n between_o the_o tropic_n for_o because_o the_o motion_n be_v more_o strong_a hence_o it_o be_v less_o hinder_v by_o other_o motion_n this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v manifest_o find_v by_o those_o that_o sail_n from_o india_n to_o madagascar_n and_o africa_n also_o in_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n between_o new_a spain_n china_n and_o the_o moluccoe_n also_o in_o the_o ocean_n between_o africa_n and_o brasil_n so_o through_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n the_o sea_n be_v carry_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n with_o a_o vehement_a motion_n so_o through_o the_o streights_n manillan_n through_o channel_n between_o the_o isle_n maldives_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n carry_v ship_n from_o the_o east_n the_o sea_n glide_v impetuous_o between_o cuba_n and_o jucatan_n into_o the_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n and_o flow_v out_o into_o cuba_n and_o florida_n at_o the_o gulf_n of_o paria_fw-la there_o be_v a_o violent_a influx_n so_o that_o that_o gulf_n be_v term_v os_fw-la draconis_fw-la the_o dragon_n mouth_n famous_a also_o be_v the_o flux_n at_o the_o land_n of_o canada_n from_o the_o tartarian_a ocean_n the_o sea_n move_v through_o the_o strait_n of_o nova_n zembla_n and_o waigat_n strait_n which_o be_v prove_v both_o from_o the_o very_a motion_n itself_o and_o also_o from_o the_o abundance_n of_o ice_n which_o the_o tartarian_a ocean_n cast_v up_o at_o the_o strait_n of_o zembla_n and_o at_o the_o northern_a shore_n of_o america_n in_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n the_o motion_n be_v towards_o the_o straight_a anian_a also_o from_o japan_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v towards_o china_n so_o in_o the_o straight_a manillan_n the_o motion_n be_v from_o east_n to_o west_n so_o also_o in_o the_o straight_a java_n and_o when_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o coast_n of_o america_n the_o contrary_a be_v find_v in_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n for_o this_o be_v move_v from_o the_o shore_n which_o be_v the_o most_o conspicuous_a at_o cabo_n dez_fw-fr correntes_fw-la between_o panama_n and_o lima._n proposition_n viii_o the_o wind_n oftentimes_o change_v the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n especial_o those_o fix_a wind_n which_o we_o shall_v show_v to_o be_v term_v motion_n in_o the_o xxi_o chap._n wind_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n ofttimes_o change_v by_o the_o wind_n for_o because_o that_o most_o of_o these_o do_v blow_n from_o the_o south_n and_o north_n or_o from_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o these_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o sea_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o general_a motion_n tend_v towards_o the_o west_n it_o move_v towards_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o the_o west_n viz._n northwest_n or_o south-west_n yea_o the_o general_a wind_n when_o that_o it_o seldom_o blow_v from_o the_o east_n but_o most_o common_o from_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o the_o east_n change_v this_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n much_o more_o do_v the_o north_n wind_n in_o the_o northern_a sea_n where_o the_o general_a motion_n be_v little_a discernible_a in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n proposition_n ix_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n be_v uncertain_a west_n the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n and_o copernicus_n concern_v the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o east_n to_o west_n the_o aristotelian_o suppose_v although_o it_o be_v unknown_a unto_o aristotle_n and_o his_o follower_n and_o indeed_o to_o all_o the_o european_a philosopher_n before_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o portugal_n through_o the_o ocean_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n that_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o prime_a motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o be_v not_o only_o common_a to_o all_o the_o star_n but_o also_o to_o the_o air_n in_o part_n and_o to_o the_o ocean_n by_o which_o all_o be_v carry_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n but_o some_o that_o follow_v copernicus_n as_o kepler_n although_o they_o also_o acknowledge_v the_o moon_n also_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n yet_o they_o determine_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v unto_o this_o motion_n viz._n they_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o continuous_a but_o only_o contiguous_a unto_o the_o earth_n can_v follow_v the_o circumrotation_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o resist_v it_o towards_o the_o west_n whilst_o the_o earth_n withdraw_v itself_o towards_o the_o east_n and_o therefore_o that_o the_o sea_n move_v not_o from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o another_o but_o that_o the_o earth_n leave_v part_n of_o the_o water_n one_o after_o another_o othersome_a who_o be_v not_o please_v neither_o with_o the_o solution_n of_o aristotle_n nor_o copernicus_n have_v recourse_n unto_o the_o moon_n will_v have_v she_o to_o be_v empress_n of_o the_o water_n and_o that_o she_o lead_v about_o with_o she_o and_o draw_v the_o ocean_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n if_o it_o be_v demand_v how_o they_o reply_n there_o be_v a_o occult_a faculty_n influence_n sympathy_n vicinity_n to_o the_o earth_n and_o such_o like_a indeed_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o causer_n of_o this_o motion_n by_o reason_n that_o in_o the_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n this_o motion_n be_v more_o violent_a than_o in_o the_o quarter_n where_o the_o motion_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v very_o little_a the_o most_o acute_a cartesius_n have_v explain_v a_o mathematical_a mode_n by_o which_o the_o moon_n cause_v both_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n and_o air_n for_o he_o suppose_v according_a to_o his_o general_a hypothesis_n that_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o atom_n do_v move_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n by_o which_o the_o space_n even_o unto_o the_o moon_n be_v fill_v without_o any_o vacuum_n which_o space_n he_o call_v the_o vortex_n of_o the_o earth_n viz._n let_v the_o earth_n be_v fegh_n the_o water_n 2143_o the_o air_n 6587._o the_o vortex_n of_o the_o earth_n b_o a_o d_o c_o the_o moon_n b._n therefore_o say_v he_o if_o that_o there_o be_v no_o moon_n in_o the_o vortex_n b_o a_o d_o c_o the_o particle_n of_o its_o vortex_n will_v be_v turn_v round_o about_o the_o centre_n t_o but_o because_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o it_o therefore_o the_o space_n through_o which_o the_o celestial_a matter_n flow_v between_o b_o and_o t_o be_v render_v more_o angust_n and_o thence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o celestial_a matter_n flow_v there_o more_o quick_a between_o b_o and_o t_n and_o therefore_o more_o press_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o air_n in_o 6_o and_o also_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n in_o 2._o then_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v not_o in_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o vortex_n b_o d_o and_o see_v that_o both_o the_o body_n of_o the_o air_n and_o water_n be_v fluid_a and_o easy_o pliant_a to_o this_o pression_n it_o must_v not_o be_v so_o high_a above_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n f_o as_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v without_o the_o diameter_n b_o d._n and_o on_o the_o contrary_n must_v be_v more_o high_a towards_o e._n but_o whilst_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v from_o e_o through_o f_o towards_o g_z or_o from_o the_o
flux_n or_o deflux_n yea_o those_o term_n be_v not_o apt_a enough_o but_o it_o be_v better_a to_o call_v it_o a_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n so_o that_o by_o these_o peculiar_a appellation_n the_o quality_n of_o the_o flux_n or_o motion_n may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o motion_n or_o flux_n itself_o for_o the_o sea_n always_o flow_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n and_o only_o appear_v to_o re-flow_a by_o reason_n that_o when_o in_o one_o place_n there_o be_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n and_o that_o it_o flow_v with_o vehemency_n to_o a_o certain_a place_n afterward_o in_o another_o time_n this_o impetus_fw-la cease_v but_o it_o be_v therefore_o term_v a_o reflux_n because_o that_o the_o sea_n seem_v in_o bay_n and_o shore_n to_o draw_v near_o and_o depart_v according_a to_o the_o extension_n of_o bay_n and_o shore_n which_o happen_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o motion_n itself_o but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o coast_n and_o channel_n viz._n that_o the_o water_n do_v return_v back_o to_o a_o contrary_a quarter_n but_o that_o the_o sea_n fall_v down_o this_o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o coast_n but_o from_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o place_n itself_o neither_o ought_v or_o can_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v regard_v from_o the_o appulse_n to_o the_o shore_n for_o whatsoever_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v or_o unto_o what_o quarter_n soever_o it_o be_v make_v the_o flux_n be_v always_o towards_o the_o shore_n which_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o fluid_a nature_n of_o the_o water_n now_o see_v that_o both_o the_o flux_n or_o reflux_n or_o in_o the_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o same_o quarter_n viz._n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n and_o do_v not_o re-flow_a again_o be_v collect_v from_o hence_o first_o that_o in_o the_o ocean_n remove_v from_o the_o shore_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n no_o other_o motion_n be_v find_v than_o that_o by_o which_o it_o be_v carry_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n second_o in_o the_o strait_n which_o direct_o extend_v from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o in_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v join_v as_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n manillan_n java_n and_o other_o among_o the_o indian_a isle_n in_o these_o strait_n i_o say_v the_o sea_n indeed_o swell_v and_o fall_v in_o twelve_o hour_n but_o yet_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o detumescency_n do_v flow_v back_o from_o out_o the_o strait_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n therefore_o another_o orifice_n of_o the_o straight_a into_o the_o west_n which_o be_v a_o manifest_a sign_n that_o this_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n be_v not_o a_o peculiar_a motion_n but_o a_o modification_n of_o the_o general_a motion_n neither_o do_v the_o sea_n flow_v back_o into_o the_o east_n therefore_o scaliger_n and_o all_o other_o be_v deceive_v which_o here_o introduce_v a_o double_a motion_n replicate_v into_o itself_o but_o yet_o this_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o when_o we_o say_v that_o this_o motion_n be_v make_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n the_o cardinal_n quarter_n be_v not_o only_o understand_v but_o also_o those_o quarter_n that_o be_v collateral_a viz._n the_o sea_n be_v move_v also_o by_o this_o flux_n from_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o the_o east_n unto_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o the_o west_n yea_o unto_o the_o north_n and_o south_n but_o not_o by_o so_o forcible_a and_o valid_a motion_n proposition_n xi_o to_o declare_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n vulgar_o so_o term_v sea_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v almost_o no_o phaenomenon_n of_o nature_n that_o have_v more_o exercise_v the_o wit_n of_o learned_a man_n and_o philosopher_n and_o that_o have_v delude_v more_o endeavour_n some_o have_v make_v the_o sea_n and_o earth_n to_o be_v a_o animal_n which_o by_o its_o inspiration_n and_o expiration_n have_v cause_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n other_o make_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v a_o great_a vortex_n near_o to_o norway_n which_o for_o six_o hour_n suck_v up_o the_o water_n and_o for_o so_o many_o spu_v they_o out_o again_o scaliger_n and_o other_o suppose_v the_o coast_n especial_o those_o of_o america_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o repel_v the_o appulse_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o general_a motion_n but_o many_o when_o that_o they_o discover_v the_o connexion_n of_o this_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n determine_v that_o it_o only_o depend_v on_o that_o but_o how_o this_o shall_v be_v be_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a task_n to_o discover_v see_v that_o they_o reply_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o the_o moon_n do_v attract_v upward_o humour_n by_o a_o occult_a quality_n and_o sympathy_n but_o these_o be_v only_a word_n which_o signify_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o the_o effect_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o moon_n after_o some_o mode_n that_o we_o be_v ignorant_a of_o but_o this_o be_v the_o mode_n demand_v cartesius_n deduce_v it_o from_o his_o general_a hypothesis_n after_o this_o manner_n let_v the_o diagram_n of_o the_o nine_o proposition_n be_v take_v scheme_n see_v scheme_n in_o which_o let_v a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v that_o vortex_n which_o have_v the_o earth_n for_o its_o centre_n which_o with_o it_o and_o with_o the_o moon_n be_v carry_v in_o a_o great_a vortex_n about_o the_o sun_n m_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o vortex_n e_o f_o g_o h_o the_o earth_n 1234_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o which_o for_o the_o great_a perspicuity_n we_o do_v suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v encompass_v on_o every_o side_n and_o 5678_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o air_n encompass_v of_o the_o sea_n now_o if_o that_o there_o be_v no_o moon_n in_o this_o vortex_n the_o point_n t_o which_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n aught_o to_o be_v in_o the_o point_n m_o which_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o vortex_n but_o the_o moon_n be_v towards_o b_o this_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n t_o oughts_z to_o be_v between_o m_n and_o d_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o celestial_a matter_n of_o this_o vortex_n be_v somewhat_o more_o quick_a move_v than_o the_o moon_n or_o the_o earth_n which_o it_o carry_v with_o it_o except_o that_o the_o point_n t_n be_v a_o little_a more_o distant_a from_o b_o than_z from_z d_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o moon_n will_v hinder_v that_o that_o shall_v not_o so_o free_o flow_v between_o b_o and_o t_o so_o see_v that_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o this_o vortex_n be_v not_o determinate_v excâ—â—â—_n from_o the_o equality_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o celestial_a matter_n flow_v about_o it_o therefore_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o ought_v somewhat_o to_o approach_v towards_o d._n and_o after_o the_o same_o mode_n when_o the_o moon_n shall_v be_v in_o c_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n ought_v to_o be_v between_o m_n and_o a_o and_o so_o always_o the_o earth_n depart_v a_o little_a from_o the_o moon_n moreover_o because_o by_o this_o mean_n from_o this_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v towards_o b_o not_o only_o the_o space_n through_o which_o the_o celestial_a matter_n flow_v between_o b_o and_o t_o but_o also_o that_o space_n through_o which_o it_o flow_v between_o t_n and_o d_o be_v render_v more_o angust_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o this_o celestial_a matter_n there_o flow_v more_o swift_o and_o therefore_o do_v more_o press_v both_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o air_n in_o 6_o and_o 8_o and_o also_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n in_o 2_o and_o 4_o than_o if_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v not_o in_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o vortex_n b_o d_o now_o see_v that_o both_o the_o body_n of_o the_o air_n and_o water_n be_v fluid_a and_o easy_o obnoxious_a to_o this_o pression_n they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v so_o high_a above_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n f_o and_o h_n as_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v without_o this_o diameter_n b_o d_o and_o so_o also_o on_o the_o contrary_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v high_o towards_o g_o and_z e_z so_o that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n 1_o and_o 3_o and_o of_o the_o air_n 5_o and_o 7_o do_v there_o protuberate_v now_o because_o that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v now_o in_o f_o on_o the_o opposite_a quarter_n of_o the_o point_n b_o where_o the_o sea_n be_v very_o little_a high_a after_o six_o hour_n it_o will_v be_v in_o g_o on_o the_o opposite_a region_n of_o the_o point_n c_o where_o it_o be_v most_o high_a and_o after_o other_o six_o hour_n in_o h_n on_o the_o region_n of_o
not_o a_o long_a distance_n from_o the_o shore_n which_o subsidency_n or_o sink_v continue_v for_o many_o age_n at_o length_n cause_v isle_n therefore_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v few_o island_n 1._o because_o that_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o shore_n than_o that_o any_o of_o the_o eat_v off_o part_n shall_v be_v carry_v thither_o 2._o because_o that_o the_o commotion_n and_o force_n of_o the_o water_n be_v great_a there_o which_o move_v the_o earth_n of_o the_o channel_n or_o rather_o promote_v the_o depth_n than_o suffer_v island_n to_o be_v generate_v there_o 3._o because_o there_o be_v no_o continent_n there_o therefore_o neither_o can_v troop_n or_o heap_n of_o island_n be_v according_a to_o the_o first_o mode_n by_o which_o we_o have_v show_v such_o heap_n of_o isle_n to_o be_v produce_v yet_o in_o time_n past_a when_o that_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o where_o it_o be_v now_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a that_o such_o isle_n be_v here_o and_o by_o degree_n be_v swallow_v by_o the_o ocean_n of_o absolute_a geography_n sect_n v._o contain_v a_o explication_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o the_o wind_n in_o three_o chapter_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o air._n proposition_n i._o from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o well_o dry_a as_o moist_a or_o from_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n vapour_n and_o fume_n do_v continual_o exhale_v into_o that_o space_n which_o be_v about_o the_o earth_n the_o cause_n be_v twofold_a first_o the_o celestial_a heat_n of_o the_o star_n especial_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n fume_n of_o vapour_n and_o fume_n the_o other_o be_v a_o terrestrial_a heat_n or_o subterranean_a or_o rather_o terrestrial_a fire_n or_o which_o be_v admix_v with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o we_o see_v that_o almost_o all_o body_n the_o least_o fire_n be_v move_v towards_o they_o send_v forth_o a_o fume_n see_v therefore_o that_o both_o the_o celestial_a and_o terrestrial_a heat_n be_v naught_o else_o but_o a_o certain_a fire_n therefore_o it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o vapour_n and_o fume_n shall_v be_v advance_v by_o it_o from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v evidence_v à _fw-la priori_fw-la experience_n also_o confirm_v the_o same_o for_o those_o that_o travel_n in_o the_o night_n time_n especial_o when_o the_o moon_n shine_v and_o that_o towards_o the_o water_n discover_v many_o vapour_n to_o wander_v and_o be_v advance_v about_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n also_o it_o be_v vulgar_o know_v that_o in_o the_o day_n the_o sun_n do_v raise_v many_o vapour_n also_o when_o that_o a_o mist_n arise_v upward_o which_o be_v a_o certain_a token_n of_o rain_n to_o follow_v proposition_n ii_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v a_o space_n about_o the_o whole_a earth_n in_o which_o the_o exhalation_n raise_v from_o the_o earth_n be_v always_o present_a and_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o that_o anything_o or_o body_n else_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o beside_o these_o exhalation_n it_o be_v also_o take_v for_o the_o exhalation_n themselves_o about_o the_o whole_a earth_n there_o be_v no_o small_a controversy_n among_o modern_a philosopher_n atmosphere_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n concern_v the_o body_n which_o consist_v about_o the_o earth_n for_o many_o mathematician_n of_o sound_a knowledge_n determine_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o beside_o exhalation_n elevate_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o they_o take_v the_o atmosphere_n and_o air_n for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o and_o immediate_o after_o the_o atmosphere_n place_v the_o aetherial_a substance_n but_o other_o philosopher_n suppose_v that_o beside_o these_o exhalation_n in_o the_o space_n about_o the_o earth_n that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a peculiar_a and_o simple_a body_n which_o they_o call_v air_n although_o that_o they_o free_o grant_v that_o exhalation_n may_v be_v change_v into_o air_n and_o contrariwise_o into_o cloud_n and_o thick_a vapour_n the_o same_o person_n after_o this_o air_n even_o to_o the_o lunary_n orb_n place_v another_o subtle_a thin_a body_n different_a from_o the_o aether_n which_o indeed_o they_o term_v fire_n but_o they_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v less_o proper_o do_v and_o that_o it_o do_v not_o agree_v with_o our_o fire_n for_o it_o be_v a_o calid_a substance_n not_o burn_v dry_a and_o very_a subtle_a not_o to_o cause_v the_o refraction_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n which_o yet_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v do_v in_o this_o air._n those_o be_v well_o consider_v these_o two_o opinion_n of_o the_o philosopher_n seem_v rather_o to_o differ_v in_o word_n than_o in_o matter_n itself_o for_o as_o for_o the_o air_n because_o that_o they_o grant_v it_o so_o gross_a that_o a_o refraction_n of_o ray_n may_v be_v make_v in_o it_o and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v generate_v from_o exhalation_n by_o a_o light_a mutation_n the_o air_n seem_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o subtle_a exhalation_n although_o it_o be_v not_o exhale_v from_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o the_o sublunary_a fire_n when_o that_o they_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v so_o improper_o term_v but_o they_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v so_o tenuous_a that_o it_o cause_v no_o refraction_n of_o ray_n this_o seem_v little_a to_o differ_v from_o the_o aether_n we_o affirm_v therefore_o that_o the_o atmostphere_n and_o air_n be_v a_o body_n about_o the_o earth_n on_o which_o the_o ray_n fall_v be_v refract_v lay_v aside_o the_o controversy_n whence_o this_o body_n have_v its_o original_n which_o definition_n agree_v with_o the_o former_a for_o neither_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o any_o exhalation_n can_v be_v elevate_v from_o the_o earth_n so_o subtle_a that_o they_o shall_v cause_v no_o refraction_n or_o impediment_n to_o the_o luminous_a ray_n proceed_v from_o the_o aether_n yet_o if_o that_o such_o be_v grant_v we_o can_v know_v their_o altitude_n and_o whether_o that_o they_o be_v exclude_v from_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o yet_o if_o that_o any_o one_o will_v sharp_o urge_v suppose_v that_o the_o little_a fire_n or_o ray_n cast_v from_o the_o sun_n on_o the_o earth_n again_o recoil_v to_o the_o sun_n he_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o latter_a definition_n be_v commodious_a therefore_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o air_n be_v naught_o else_o but_o a_o contexture_n of_o many_o small_a body_n which_o adhere_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o a_o down_o or_o wool_n circumve_v a_o peach_n proposition_n iii_o sometime_o more_o sometime_o lesser_a exhalation_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o earth_n especial_o in_o divers_a place_n exhalation_n of_o exhalation_n the_o cause_n be_v 1._o the_o various_a elevation_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n or_o depression_n beneath_o it_o 2._o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o age_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o its_o elevation_n above_o the_o horizon_n 3._o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o other_o star_n and_o their_o constitution_n above_o the_o horizon_n 4._o the_o diversity_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n themselves_o for_o watery_a and_o humid_a place_n do_v more_o easy_o send_v forth_o vapour_n than_o earthy_a and_o dry_a proposition_n iu._n the_o exhalation_n which_o constitute_v the_o atmosphere_n be_v of_o a_o divers_a kind_n especial_o in_o sundry_a region_n viz._n watery_a saltish_a earthy_a sulphureous_a spirituous_a the_o sensible_a compound_a exhalation_n or_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v divers_a viz._n mix_v of_o simple_a particle_n atmosphere_n of_o the_o exhalation_n which_o constitute_v the_o atmosphere_n the_o cause_n be_v because_o that_o in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n such_o body_n be_v of_o a_o divers_a sort_n and_o be_v advance_v by_o heat_n some_o more_o easy_o and_o other_o some_o with_o great_a difficulty_n concern_v the_o earthy_a particle_n some_o one_o may_v doubt_v because_o that_o those_o be_v scarce_o apt_a to_o be_v elevate_v 1._o by_o reason_n of_o the_o smallness_n of_o their_o dust_n which_o be_v light_a see_v that_o gravity_n be_v a_o affection_n of_o compact_a body_n 2._o by_o admixture_n of_o sulphureous_a particle_n which_o violent_o carry_v those_o earthy_a one_o with_o they_o moreover_o that_o there_o be_v sulphureous_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n be_v prove_v from_o the_o fiery_a meteor_n lightning_n thunder_n and_o the_o like_a yea_o a_o sulphureous_a odor_n or_o scent_n after_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n manifest_o assert_v the_o same_o as_o for_o the_o watery_a part_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o question_v for_o saline_a and_o spirituous_a exhalation_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o tenuousness_n be_v easy_o exhale_v from_o the_o earth_n little_a animal_n generate_v in_o great_a number_n and_o abundance_n in_o the_o air_n confirm_v the_o same_o the_o aristotelian_o divide_v exhalation_n into_o two_o kind_n to_o wit_n vapour_n and_o fume_n vapour_n be_v generate_v of_o water_n and_o easy_o return_v into_o the_o same_o again_o fume_n
author_n for_o the_o confirmation_n thereof_o do_v use_n they_o propose_v so_o obscure_o and_o confuse_o that_o they_o can_v compel_v or_o convince_v a_o obstinate_a and_o pertinacious_a defender_n of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n we_o therefore_o as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v will_v most_o clear_o set_v forth_o those_o very_a opinion_n and_o examine_v they_o that_o the_o reader_n may_v have_v a_o distinct_a knowledge_n thereof_o round_o reason_n to_o prove_v the_o earth_n round_o first_o i_o reject_v the_o slight_a reason_n or_o argument_n which_o be_v probable_a or_o rather_o sophistical_a first_o the_o spheric_a figure_n be_v most_o capacious_a therefore_o the_o earth_n ought_v to_o have_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o figure_n second_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n tend_v to_o the_o same_o centre_n therefore_o all_o those_o part_n make_v a_o round_a figure_n three_o when_o as_o in_o the_o creation_n the_o water_n as_o yet_o be_v confuse_o mix_v with_o the_o earth_n without_o doubt_n the_o earth_n be_v moist_a and_o soft_a but_o the_o figure_n or_o shape_n of_o liquid_a thing_n be_v round_o or_o spherical_a therefore_o such_o also_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n remain_v after_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o moist_a from_o the_o dry_a these_o and_o the_o like_a argument_n be_v slight_v let_v we_o view_v and_o consider_v the_o strong_a and_o most_o solid_a there_o be_v but_o one_o argument_n of_o one_o and_o the_o first_o kind_n which_o be_v take_v à _fw-la priori_fw-la but_o the_o other_o two_o kind_n be_v take_v à _fw-la posteriori_fw-la to_o wit_n some_o argument_n be_v take_v from_o the_o celestial_a appearance_n some_o again_o from_o they_o which_o we_o either_o observe_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o in_o heaven_n as_o for_o the_o first_o argument_n conclude_v à _fw-la priori_fw-la it_o be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o water_n and_o this_o demonstration_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v take_v either_o from_o aristotle_n or_o archimedes_n aristotle_n in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la chap._n 5._o have_v propose_v his_o demonstration_n in_o these_o very_a word_n round_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n round_o it_o shall_v manifest_o appear_v that_o the_o superficies_n or_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v round_o if_o we_o shall_v take_v the_o supposition_n that_o water_n of_o its_o own_o nature_n make_v its_o confluence_n always_o to_o a_o hollow_a place_n and_o that_o that_o place_n be_v more_o concavous_a which_o be_v near_o the_o centre_n therefore_o from_o the_o centre_n a_o let_v the_o strait_a line_n a_o b_o and_o a_o g_o be_v draw_v and_z from_z b_o unto_z g_z let_v the_o line_n b_o g_o be_v draw_v scheme_n see_v scheme_n unto_o which_o from_o a_o let_v a_o perpendicular_a line_n a_o d_o be_v draw_v into_o e._n it_o be_v manifest_a therefore_o that_o the_o line_n a_o d_o be_v less_o than_o the_o line_n a_o b_o and_z a_o g_z by_o the_o 18_o of_o the_o first_o book_n of_o euclid_n element_n geometrical_a therefore_o this_o place_n d_o be_v more_o concavous_a wherefore_o the_o water_n shall_v flow_v from_o b_o and_z g_z until_o the_o line_n a_o b_o a_o d_o a_o g_o may_v be_v equal_a but_o a_o e_o be_v equal_a to_o a_o b_o a_o g_o therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o very_a water_n shall_v be_v in_o these_o line_n which_o be_v draw_v in_o the_o centre_n this_o part_n of_o the_o demonstration_n be_v clear_o know_v but_o a_o e_o etc._n etc._n make_v nothing_o for_o the_o demonstration_n but_o that_o line_n which_o touch_v they_o which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o centre_n be_v the_o circumference_n therefore_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n which_o true_o be_v b_o e_o g_o be_v round_o note_v thing_n to_o be_v note_v this_o be_v aristotle_n demonstration_n in_o which_o beside_o the_o confuse_a and_o evil_a composure_n thereof_o these_o thing_n i_o observe_v first_o that_o it_o suppose_v some_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n second_o that_o it_o take_v the_o place_n more_o or_o less_o bend_v down_o in_o regard_n of_o that_o centre_n for_o he_o which_o shall_v deny_v the_o shape_n or_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v spherical_a will_v call_v these_o thing_n into_o question_n yet_o the_o first_o may_v be_v sufficient_o concern_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n prove_v or_o correct_v for_o we_o must_v say_v that_o either_o the_o star_n be_v wheel_v round_o about_o by_o a_o diurnal_a motion_n or_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v turn_v round_o about_o its_o own_o centre_n for_o this_o the_o apparent_a motion_n of_o the_o star_n force_v and_o cause_v if_o the_o star_n than_o that_o point_n about_o which_o they_o be_v turn_v shall_v be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n if_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o middle_a point_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o that_o about_o which_o it_o be_v turn_v shall_v be_v take_v in_o the_o demonstration_n for_o the_o central_n point_n of_o aristotle_n but_o the_o chief_a difficulty_n lie_v in_o the_o second_o supposition_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o lesser_a or_o great_a declivity_n or_o bend_v downward_o aught_o to_o be_v consider_v in_o respect_n of_o that_o centre_n for_o he_o which_o will_v defend_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n to_o be_v plain_a and_o of_o another_o figure_n he_o will_v deny_v this_o supposition_n and_o will_v say_v that_o the_o declivity_n must_v be_v consider_v according_a to_o our_o sense_n to_o wit_n in_o respect_n of_o our_o horizontal_n plain_a according_a to_o which_o the_o earth_n with_o infinite_a space_n be_v extend_v into_o profundity_n or_o else_o he_o will_v define_v the_o declivity_n in_o another_o manner_n and_o thus_o this_o demonstration_n conclude_v nothing_o at_o all_o unless_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v be_v take_v in_o respect_n of_o that_o centre_n about_o which_o the_o daily_a apparent_a motion_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n be_v perform_v which_o thing_n although_o it_o may_v be_v true_a and_o all_o other_o definition_n of_o declivity_n according_a to_o which_o the_o water_n may_v be_v move_v may_v also_o be_v confute_v yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v admit_v for_o a_o principle_n see_v that_o it_o in_o a_o manner_n suppose_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v spherical_a aristotle_n archimedes_n his_o demonstration_n by_o some_o prefer_v before_o those_o of_o aristotle_n other_o therefore_o prefer_v archimedes_n his_o demonstration_n before_o this_o of_o aristotle_n which_o be_v find_v in_o his_o first_o book_n concern_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v carry_v in_o the_o water_n this_o indeed_o be_v more_o artificial_a than_o that_o of_o aristotle_n yet_o it_o be_v oppress_v with_o the_o same_o difficulty_n forasmuch_o as_o it_o suppose_v the_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o centre_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o it_o take_v the_o depression_n of_o the_o water_n we_o will_v bring_v hither_o some_o argument_n frame_v from_o those_o that_o be_v take_v from_o celestial_a appearance_n first_o let_v we_o conceive_v the_o meridian_n line_n of_o our_o place_n or_o of_o any_o point_n of_o b_o in_o the_o earth_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n or_o a_o section_n of_o the_o earth_n make_v in_o plane_n which_o through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n m_o n_n pass_v through_o a_o b_o c_o d_o this_o line_n be_v usual_o call_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o line_n which_o be_v draw_v perpendicular_a to_o this_o be_v name_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o another_o plain_a parallel_n to_o the_o celestial_a equator_fw-la make_v in_o the_o earth_n the_o line_n e_o b_o f_o c._n i_o say_v as_o well_o the_o line_n a_o b_o c_o d_o as_o the_o line_n e_o b_o f_o c_o in_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v circular_a but_o it_o be_v a_o geometrical_a thorem_fw-la if_o any_o superficies_n according_a to_o one_o dimension_n be_v cut_v through_o any_o point_n and_o the_o section_n be_v make_v in_o the_o periphery_a or_o circumference_n of_o the_o circle_n then_o according_a to_o the_o other_o dimension_n through_o the_o same_o point_n the_o section_n be_v make_v in_o plain_a which_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o former_a plain_n and_o the_o section_n again_o be_v make_v in_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n that_o superficies_n be_v spherical_a therefore_o because_o we_o have_v take_v the_o point_n b_o in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o our_o own_o pleasure_n and_o have_v show_v the_o section_n a_o b_o c_o d_o and_o e_o b_o f_o c_o to_o be_v the_o periphery_n of_o the_o circle_n body_n the_o earth_n a_o spherical_a body_n therefore_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a theorem_n we_o conclude_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a and_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o spherical_a body_n circular_a the_o section_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o the_o dimension_n
five_o mile_n distance_n four_o some_o gulf_n or_o whirlpool_n be_v find_v in_o the_o sea_n five_o earthquake_n do_v also_o prove_v the_o be_v of_o cavity_n under_o the_o earth_n six_o some_o river_n bury_v themselves_o under_o the_o earth_n as_o niger_n tigris_n etc._n etc._n seven_o salt-spring_n which_o without_o doubt_n for_o the_o great_a part_n spring_n and_o flow_v from_o the_o sea_n be_v find_v in_o many_o place_n eight_o so_o in_o many_o place_n the_o ground_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o man_n walk_v tremble_v and_o shake_v as_o about_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n omer_n in_o flanders_n in_o the_o province_n of_o brabant_n die_v peel_n proposition_n iu._n the_o superficies_n or_o surface_n of_o the_o land_n be_v continual_a but_o that_o of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o so_o indeed_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o land_n appear_v out_o above_o the_o water_n be_v continue_v or_o always_o the_o same_o to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o this_o of_o the_o sea_n again_o be_v continue_v to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o land_n appear_v above_o river_n one_o continual_a superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n bays_n and_o river_n so_o there_o be_v one_o continual_a superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o bays_n and_o river_n but_o not_o of_o all_o water_n because_o there_o be_v some_o lake_n which_o be_v not_o join_v with_o the_o ocean_n in_o the_o superficies_n as_o the_o lake_n parime_n and_o the_o caspian_a sea_n proposition_n v._o it_o be_v certain_a how_o or_o in_o what_o manner_n the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o surface_n that_o be_v from_o our_o habitation_n towards_o the_o centre_n some_o man_n think_v that_o the_o water_n be_v in_o the_o bottom_n about_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n loadstone_n the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n within_o according_a to_o gilbert_n a_o english_a man_n be_v a_o hard_a loadstone_n but_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a true_a that_o the_o earth_n occupy_v that_o place_n gilbert_n a_o english_a man_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n within_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o most_o hard_a loadstone_n but_o that_o those_o part_n to_o which_o man_n have_v admittance_n by_o dig_v and_o in_o which_o herb_n grow_v and_o we_o also_o live_v be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o shell_n or_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o continual_a generation_n and_o corruption_n be_v make_v scheme_n make_v see_v fig._n but_o cartesius_n be_v of_o a_o different_a opinion_n see_v scheme_n cartesius_n his_o opinion_n be_v not_o much_o different_a from_o this_o who_o think_v that_o there_o be_v three_o region_n or_o part_n of_o divers_a substance_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o most_o inward_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n he_o deem_v to_o be_v about_o the_o centre_n thereof_o the_o second_o he_o judge_v to_o be_v thick_a and_o dusky_a of_o very_o small_a part_n the_o three_o he_o think_v wherein_o man_n be_v employ_v to_o be_v make_v up_o of_o little_a parcel_n not_o well_o cleave_v together_o but_o indeed_o touch_v this_o thing_n there_o can_v scarce_o any_o certainty_n be_v affirm_v it_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o hotbath_n that_o in_o very_a many_o place_n under_o the_o earth_n fire_n and_o fume_n be_v lift_v up_o from_o sulphur_n proposition_n vi_o the_o consistency_n or_o stand_v and_o fast_o cleave_v together_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v from_o salt_n salt_n in_o all_o kind_n of_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o salt_n the_o artificial_a resolve_v of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n show_v that_o in_o all_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o salt_n and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o as_o the_o hard_a the_o body_n be_v a_o few_o oily_a one_o be_v except_v as_o in_o metal_n stone_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o the_o concretion_n or_o hard_o grow_v together_o of_o all_o thing_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o salt_n be_v manifest_a by_o stone_n which_o we_o may_v by_o art_n make_v very_o hard_a with_o salt_n burr_n if_o you_o separate_v the_o salt_n from_o the_o earth_n she_o will_v no_o long_o cleave_v or_o stick_v together_o but_o will_v be_v a_o powder_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v reduce_v to_o hardness_n without_o the_o admixtion_n of_o salt_n thereto_o proposition_n vii_o the_o kind_n of_o earth_n be_v divers_a way_n mix_v together_o in_o the_o earth_n mine_n of_o metal_n find_v in_o mine_n thus_o in_o mine_n be_v find_v small_a piece_n of_o gold_n silver_n lead_v etc._n etc._n not_o heap_v together_o and_o join_v apart_o from_o other_o but_o both_o mix_v among_o themselves_o and_o also_o with_o unprofitable_a earth_n according_a to_o the_o least_o part_n that_o artificer_n not_o at_o the_o first_o sight_n but_o by_o divers_a sign_n do_v find_v out_o what_o may_v be_v contain_v in_o any_o metalline_a earth_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o the_o field_n sand_n be_v mix_v with_o clay_n or_o loam_n lime_n salt_n etc._n etc._n amsterdam_n of_o the_o different_a sort_n of_o earth_n as_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o well_o dig_v at_o amsterdam_n when_o as_o on_o a_o certain_a time_n at_o amsterdam_n for_o make_v a_o well_o the_o earth_n be_v dig_v out_o even_o to_o the_o depth_n of_o 232_o foot_n these_o sort_n of_o earth_n be_v show_v to_o the_o beholder_n viz._n of_o garden-earth_n 7_o foot_n of_o black-earth_n fit_v for_o fire_n which_o be_v call_v peat_n 9_o foot_n of_o soft-clay_n 9_o foot_n of_o sand_n 8_o foot_n of_o earth_n 4_o foot_n of_o clay_n 10_o foot_n of_o earth_n 4_o foot_n of_o sand_n upon_o which_o the_o house_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v ram_v and_o pave_v 10_o foot_n of_o clay_n 2_o foot_n of_o white-loam_n 4_o foot_n of_o dry-earth_n 5_o foot_n of_o muddy_a 1_o foot_n of_o sand_n 14_o foot_n of_o sandy-clay_n 3_o foot_n of_o sand_n mix_v with_o clay_n 5_o foot_n of_o sand_n mix_v with_o sea-fish_n shell_n 4_o foot_n than_o a_o bottom_n of_o clay_n to_o the_o depth_n of_o 102_o foot_n and_o last_o of_o loam_n 31_o foot_n where_o the_o dig_v cease_v and_o they_o come_v to_o water_n the_o figure_n of_o which_o see_v among_o the_o scheme_n proposition_n viii_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o as_o well_o the_o outward_a disposition_n thereof_o and_o the_o position_n of_o its_o part_n be_v not_o perpetual_o the_o same_o but_o be_v at_o divers_a time_n divers_a substance_n the_o water_n of_o the_o seamake_v divers_a change_n and_o ruin_n in_o the_o earth_n where_o likewise_o lie_v hide_v spirit_n and_o sulphureous_a substance_n indeed_o not_o only_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n make_v divers_a change_n and_o ruin_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n whilst_o certain_a hole_n be_v stop_v up_o some_o be_v make_v more_o broad_a but_o also_o spirit_n and_o sulphury_a substance_n lie_v hide_v here_o and_o there_o in_o the_o earth_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o increase_v and_o to_o be_v resolve_v into_o vapour_n do_v impetuous_o shake_v and_o thrust_v forward_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o earthquake_n and_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o such_o like_a motion_n be_v make_v in_o the_o interior_a part_n and_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o we_o feel_v not_o neither_o perceive_v but_o we_o will_v speak_v of_o the_o mutual_a change_n of_o the_o water_n and_o earth_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o eighteen_o chapter_n the_o earth_n be_v divide_v into_o land_n and_o water_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n extant_a out_o of_o the_o water_n by_o the_o interflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v distinguish_v into_o these_o four_o part_n 1._o into_o great_a continent_n or_o great_a island_n of_o which_o four_o be_v reckon_v by_o we_o 1._o the_o old_a world_n who_o part_n be_v asia_n africa_n and_o europe_n the_o bound_n of_o this_o continent_n be_v on_o the_o north_n the_o freeze_a and_o tartarian_a ocean_n on_o the_o east_n the_o pacifick_n and_o indian_a ocean_n on_o the_o south_n the_o southern_a ocean_n on_o the_o west_n the_o atlantic_a ocean_n 2._o the_o new_a world_n or_o america_n who_o part_n be_v meridionalis_fw-la septentrionalis_n the_o bound_n of_o it_o be_v on_o the_o north_n davis_n streights_n on_o the_o east_n the_o atlantic_a ocean_n on_o the_o south_n the_o pacifick_n ocean_n on_o the_o west_n the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n 3._o the_o polary_a north-land_n or_o greenland_n be_v every_o where_o encompass_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o streights_n 4._o the_o south-land_n and_o land_n of_o magellan_n yet_o undiscovered_a 2._o into_o peninsulas_fw-la or_o chersonesus_n which_o be_v part_n of_o those_o continent_n round_o who_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n be_v equal_a about_o africa_n itself_o peloponesus_fw-la the_o chersonesus_n of_o grecia_n chersonesus_n taurica_n or_o tartary_n
4._o some_o be_v sandy_a some_o rocky_a clay_n or_o chalky_a 5._o some_o include_v or_o contain_v the_o spring_n of_o river_n whereas_o other_o be_v without_o they_o 6._o some_o be_v adorn_v with_o wood_n and_o other_o some_o destitute_a of_o tree_n 7._o some_o be_v burn_v and_o smoke_v whereas_o other_o be_v without_o fire_n 8._o some_o be_v rich_a in_o metal_n and_o other_o without_o they_o 9_o and_o some_o mountain_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n all_o the_o year_n whereas_o other_o have_v no_o snow_n at_o all_o proposition_n v._o to_o enumerate_v the_o burn_a mountain_n and_o those_o that_o cast_v out_o flame_n mountain_n of_o vulcan_n or_o burn_a mountain_n such_o mountain_n at_o this_o day_n be_v call_v vulcan_n which_o appellation_n the_o portugal_n marines_n first_o introduce_v and_o now_o be_v common_o so_o call_v and_o such_o be_v 1._o the_o most_o famous_a be_v aetna_n aetna_n mount_v aetna_n a_o mountain_n in_o sicilia_n at_o this_o day_n call_v gebel_n from_o who_o top_n the_o eject_v flame_n and_o smoke_n be_v discover_v at_o a_o long_a distance_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n even_o to_o malta_n which_o be_v 40_o german_a mile_n howbeit_o that_o the_o ejaculation_n of_o the_o flame_n be_v continual_a yet_o notwithstanding_o sometime_o it_o rage_v with_o a_o great_a force_n in_o the_o year_n 1537._o from_o the_o first_o of_o may_n to_o the_o twelve_o earthquake_n a_o great_a strange_a earthquake_n all_o sicilia_n be_v shake_v with_o a_o earthquake_n than_o a_o great_a and_o horrible_a noise_n be_v hear_v as_o if_o canon_n have_v be_v fire_v there_o follow_v the_o destruction_n of_o many_o edifice_n throughout_o the_o whole_a isle_n when_o that_o this_o storm_n have_v continue_v for_o eleven_o day_n the_o earth_n be_v rend_v in_o twain_o or_o open_v itself_o with_o a_o vast_a gulf_n whence_o a_o great_a flame_n and_o fire_n break_v forth_o by_o which_o within_o the_o space_n of_o four_o day_n all_o be_v consume_v and_o burn_v which_o be_v not_o distant_a above_o five_o mile_n from_o aetna_n a_o little_a after_o the_o funnel_n which_o be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n for_o three_o day_n cast_v forth_o a_o abundance_n of_o ash_n and_o coal_n which_o be_v not_o only_o disperse_v throughout_o all_o the_o isle_n but_o also_o beyond_o the_o sea_n into_o italy_n and_o the_o ship_n in_o the_o sea_n about_o 200_o league_n distant_a steer_v towards_o venice_n be_v much_o damnify_v farellus_n have_v at_o large_a describe_v the_o fire_n of_o this_o mountain_n and_o do_v also_o say_v that_o the_o foot_n of_o it_o be_v 100_o italian_a mile_n in_o circuit_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1669._o the_o flame_n break_v forth_o in_o a_o violent_a manner_n to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o part_n hecla_n mount_v hecla_n 2._o hecla_o a_o mountain_n of_o island_n do_v sometime_o rage_n as_o much_o as_o aetna_n and_o cast_v forth_o great_a stone_n and_o continual_a fire_n in_o it_o want_v a_o free_a evacuation_n oftentimes_o send_v forth_o noise_n like_v unto_o lamentation_n thence_o many_o simple_a people_n suppose_v that_o there_o be_v the_o place_n of_o hell_n where_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o damn_a be_v torment_v soma_fw-it vesuvius_n or_o monte_fw-fr de_fw-fr soma_fw-it 3._o vesuvius_n at_o this_o day_n mont_fw-fr de_fw-fr soma_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n of_o naples_n be_v plant_v with_o most_o fertile_a vine_n which_o without_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conflagration_n make_v the_o best_a falernum_fw-la but_o it_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o frequent_a burn_n dion_n cassius_n relate_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o vespasian_n its_o conflagration_n and_o the_o force_n of_o its_o flame_n be_v so_o vehement_a that_o the_o ash_n cast_v forth_o from_o its_o bottom_n with_o the_o sulphureous_a smoke_n be_v not_o only_o carry_v by_o the_o wind_n to_o rome_n but_o also_o beyond_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n into_o africa_n even_o to_o egypt_n moreover_o the_o bird_n be_v suffocate_v in_o the_o air_n fall_v to_o the_o earth_n the_o fish_n perish_v in_o the_o adjacent_a infect_v warm_a and_o frequent_a water_n concern_v this_o conflagration_n and_o the_o sad_a mutation_n of_o the_o mountain_n there_o be_v a_o excellent_a epigram_n in_o martial_a who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n and_o see_v the_o mountain_n in_o its_o verdure_n and_o afterward_o bury_v in_o its_o ash_n but_o then_o the_o conflagration_n cease_v and_o the_o shower_n water_v the_o sulphureous_a embers_o and_o ash_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o mountain_n here_o and_o there_o be_v great_a fertility_n of_o wine_n but_o again_o within_o these_o few_o year_n this_o mountain_n burn_v a_o fresh_a and_o send_v forth_o a_o abundance_n of_o smoak_n the_o adjacent_a land_n be_v burn_v and_o become_v dangerous_a to_o traveller_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a pit_n which_o the_o flame_n cause_v note_n a_o mountain_n in_o java_n worthy_a of_o note_n 4._o a_o mountain_n in_o the_o island_n of_o java_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n panacura_n this_o in_o the_o year_n 1586._o when_v it_o have_v never_o burn_v before_o first_o be_v rend_v with_o a_o violent_a eruption_n of_o flame_a sulphur_n so_o that_o about_o 10000_o person_n be_v say_v to_o have_v perish_v in_o the_o neighbour_a place_n and_o it_o eject_v exceed_v great_a stone_n into_o the_o city_n and_o for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o day_n it_o vomit_v forth_o so_o much_o black_a smoke_n mix_v with_o ash_n and_o embers_o that_o it_o obscure_v the_o face_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o almost_o clothe_v day_n with_o night_n dark_a mantle_n gonnapi_n the_o mountain_n gonnapi_n 5._o gonnapi_fw-la a_o mountain_n in_o one_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o banda_n this_o in_o the_o year_n 1586._o in_o the_o month_n of_o april_n when_o that_o it_o have_v burn_v for_o 17_o year_n be_v rend_v with_o a_o great_a noise_n and_o cast_v forth_o such_o a_o abundance_n of_o great_a stone_n of_o sulphur_n and_o ardent_a matter_n on_o the_o sea_n and_o land_n that_o it_o astonish_v all_o person_n the_o abundance_n of_o ash_n and_o embers_o also_o render_v the_o cannon_n of_o the_o hollander_n in_o their_o castle_n unserviceable_a such_o a_o vast_a heap_n overwhelm_v they_o vast_a stone_n be_v find_v in_o the_o sea_n with_o a_o multitude_n of_o small_a one_o so_o that_o the_o bark_n have_v scarce_o a_o free_a passage_n the_o water_n on_o the_o shore_n so_o boil_a as_o if_o that_o fire_n have_v be_v place_v under_o it_o a_o abundance_n of_o fish_n be_v kill_v and_o see_v float_v on_o the_o water_n balaluanum_fw-la balaluanum_fw-la 6._o balaluanum_n a_o mountain_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o sumatra_n cast_v forth_o smoke_n and_o flame_n as_o aetna_n fire_n many_o place_n in_o the_o molucco_n isle_n cast_v forth_o fire_n 7._o in_o the_o molucco_n isle_n the_o land_n in_o many_o place_n belch_v forth_o fire_n with_o a_o huge_a noise_n but_o it_o be_v chief_o note_v for_o the_o funnel_n of_o turnate_a the_o mountain_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o cloud_n and_o very_o steep_a the_o low_a part_n of_o which_o be_v cover_v with_o thick_a wood_n the_o upper_a naked_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o fire_n on_o the_o top_n be_v the_o funnel_n of_o a_o vast_a wideness_n which_o be_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o amphitheatre_n with_o many_o circle_n the_o great_a include_v the_o lesser_a thence_o in_o the_o equinoctial_o especial_o those_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n certain_a wind_n blow_v chief_o the_o northern_a with_o a_o horrible_a noise_n flame_v mix_v with_o black_a smoke_n and_o embers_o break_v forth_o and_o fill_v all_o place_n to_o a_o great_a distance_n with_o ash_n there_o be_v annual_a season_n of_o see_v it_o neither_o can_v one_o ascend_v but_o by_o rope_n or_o chain_n in_o certain_a place_n maffaeus_n see_v maffaeus_n here_o in_o some_o place_n of_o this_o mountain_n the_o inhabitant_n gather_v good_a sulphur_n 8._o one_o of_o the_o island_n of_o maurice_n 60_o league_n distant_a from_o moluccoe_n oftentimes_o the_o whole_a isle_n be_v shake_v with_o a_o earthquake_n and_o vomit_v fire_n and_o ash_n and_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o abundance_n of_o fire_n that_o whole_a mountain_n and_o rock_n do_v burn_v oftentimes_o fiery_a stone_n break_v forth_o of_o a_o vast_a bigness_n when_o the_o wind_n be_v more_o vehement_a so_o vast_a a_o abundance_n of_o ash_n be_v pour_v forth_o that_o people_n labour_v in_o the_o field_n be_v force_v to_o return_v home_o be_v cover_v with_o ash_n those_o ash_n also_o kill_v their_o live_a creature_n from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n this_o black_a and_o dismal_a fire_n break_v forth_o with_o a_o dreadful_a noise_n like_v unto_o thunder_n or_o great_a gun_n and_o from_o thence_o come_v abundance_n of_o pumice_n stone_n and_o other_o stone_n burn_v in_o the_o fire_n note_n a_o mountain_n in_o japan_n worthy_a of_o note_n 9_o in_o japan_n as_o
therefore_o determine_v to_o make_v demonstration_n à _fw-la priori_fw-la by_o which_o archimedes_n prove_v concern_v all_o liquid_a body_n that_o the_o superficies_n be_v spherical_a this_o suppose_a as_o a_o thing_n certain_a consist_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o in_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o archimedes_n suppose_v in_o his_o demonstration_n three_o thing_n archimedes_n the_o demonstration_n of_o archimedes_n 1._o in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o the_o earth_n have_v some_o kind_n of_o centre_n and_o therefore_o be_v of_o a_o spherical_a figure_n 2._o that_o this_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o all_o liquid_a body_n that_o the_o part_n of_o they_o lie_v equal_o or_o in_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o continuous_a among_o themselves_o the_o lesser_a press_v be_v expel_v by_o the_o more_o press_v which_o he_o show_v from_o experience_n 3._o that_o every_o part_n of_o a_o liquid_a body_n be_v press_v by_o the_o liquid_a body_n above_o it_o to_o the_o perpendicular_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n if_o so_o be_v that_o this_o liquid_a body_n be_v descend_v or_o press_v by_o some_o other_o body_n beside_o these_o three_o supposition_n archimedes_n use_v a_o certain_a geometrical_a proposition_n which_o be_v not_o find_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o element_n and_o therefore_o he_o demonstrate_v the_o same_o which_o be_v this_o if_o any_o superficies_n be_v cut_v from_o whatsoever_o place_n pass_v through_o one_o point_n and_o every_o section_n be_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n have_v that_o point_n its_o centre_n this_o superficies_n be_v spherical_a who_o centre_n shall_v be_v the_o point_n name_v now_o this_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o show_v for_o let_v the_o superficies_n of_o any_o body_n be_v cut_v through_o the_o point_n d_o in_o the_o plain_n i_o f_o k_n e_o p_o scheme_n see_v scheme_n and_o let_v the_o line_n of_o the_o section_n i_o f_o k_n e_o p_o be_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n have_v it_o for_o its_o centre_n and_o in_o every_o section_n make_v by_o d_o let_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n have_v the_o centre_n d_o be_v find_v we_o must_v show_v that_o this_o superficies_n be_v spherical_a and_o d_o be_v its_o centre_n d_o its_o point_n that_o be_v all_o the_o point_n of_o this_o line_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o point_n d_o for_o we_o may_v conceive_v as_o many_o right_a line_n as_o we_o will_v draw_v from_o the_o point_n d_o to_o the_o other_o point_n of_o the_o propose_a superficies_n therefore_o these_o must_v be_v demonstrate_v to_o be_v equal_a mutual_o one_o to_o the_o other_o let_v any_o one_o of_o those_o draw_v from_o d_o to_o the_o superficies_n be_v take_v and_o through_o that_o and_o through_o the_o right_a line_n d_o f_o let_v a_o plain_a be_v draw_v this_o plain_a therefore_o cut_v the_o superficies_n will_v make_v the_o periphery_a according_a to_o the_o hypothesis_n wherefore_o that_o be_v draw_v shall_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o right_a line_n d_o f_o and_o so_o we_o shall_v show_v concern_v all_o draw_v from_o the_o point_n d_o that_o they_o be_v equal_a to_o d_o f_o itself_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o be_v all_o mutual_o equal_v one_o to_o another_o from_o whence_o we_o infer_v that_o this_o superficies_n be_v spherical_a have_v for_o a_o centre_n the_o point_n d_o for_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n be_v a_o crooked_a superficies_n within_o which_o be_v a_o certain_a point_n from_o whence_o all_o the_o right_a line_n be_v draw_v be_v equal_a at_o the_o superficies_n this_o premise_a the_o spherical_a superficies_n of_o every_o liquid_a body_n be_v demonstrate_v in_o this_o manner_n let_v any_o consist_v matter_n be_v e_o f_o g_o h_n let_v d_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o let_v we_o conceive_v this_o liquor_n to_o be_v cut_v in_o a_o plain_a passage_n through_o d_o let_v the_o section_n make_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v the_o line_n e_o f_o g_o h_o but_o we_o must_v first_o show_v that_o this_o line_n e_o f_o g_o h_n be_v crooked_a viz._n the_o periphery_a or_o arch_n of_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n who_o centre_n be_v d_o but_o if_o it_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o pass_v that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o such_o periphery_n the_o right_a line_n draw_v from_o d_o to_o that_o will_v be_v unequal_a let_v the_o unequal_a draw_v line_n be_v d_o e_o d_o g_o to_o wit_n d_o g_z will_v be_v great_a than_o d_o e_z and_o let_v d_o g_o be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o which_o be_v draw_v from_o d_o and_o let_v d_o e_o be_v the_o least_o let_v the_o other_o right_a line_n d_o f_o be_v draw_v twice_o cut_v the_o angle_n g_o d_o e_o at_o efgh_a so_o that_o this_o line_n d_o f_o shall_v be_v great_a than_o d_o e_z but_o less_o than_o d_o g_o then_o let_v the_o periphery_a or_o arch_n of_o the_o circle_n i_o f_o k_n h_n be_v describe_v in_o the_o centre_n d_o the_o internal_a d_o e_z in_o this_o same_o plain_a the_o periphery_a of_o which_o will_v cut_v the_o right_a line_n d_o e_o protract_v beyond_o the_o point_n e_o viz._n in_o the_o point_n i_o but_o the_o right_a line_n d_o g_o on_o this_o side_n g_o viz._n in_o the_o point_n k._n moreover_o in_o the_o centre_n d_o the_o interval_n d_o l_o which_o be_v lesser_a than_o d_o e_z let_v the_o periphery_a or_o arch_a l_o m_o n_o be_v describe_v beneath_o or_o within_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o plain_n i_o f_o k_n h_n therefore_o the_o part_n of_o the_o liquor_n contain_v within_o d_o l_o n_o or_o about_o the_o periphery_n l_o m_o n_o by_o a_o equal_a distance_n be_v place_v and_o be_v continuous_a from_o the_o centre_n d_o but_o those_o part_n which_o be_v about_o m_o n_n be_v more_o press_v than_o those_o that_o be_v about_o l_o m_n because_o they_o be_v press_v by_o a_o great_a weight_n viz._n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n be_v above_o they_o than_o those_o at_o l_o m._n therefore_o the_o part_n near_o l_o m_n be_v less_o press_v be_v expel_v from_o the_o part_n near_o m_o n_n and_o these_o shall_v possess_v their_o place_n neither_o shall_v the_o liquor_n consist_v but_o let_v the_o liquor_n be_v suppose_v to_o consist_v and_o be_v quiet_a there_o shall_v be_v then_o a_o liquor_n consist_v and_o not_o consist_v which_o will_v be_v absurd_a wherefore_o the_o right_a line_n draw_v from_o d_o to_o the_o line_n e_o f_o g_o h_n be_v not_o unequal_a but_o equal_a and_o therefore_o the_o line_n e_o f_o g_o h_n be_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n who_o centre_n be_v d._n the_o same_o be_v the_o demonstration_n concern_v all_o place_n cut_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o liquor_n and_o pass_v through_o d_o viz._n it_o will_v show_v the_o section_n of_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o centre_n d._n now_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o liquor_n be_v such_o that_o if_o it_o be_v cut_v by_o planes_n in_o any_o sort_n pass_v by_o d_o the_o section_n may_v always_o be_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n therefore_o it_o follow_v from_o the_o aforesaid_a demonstrate_v proposition_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o liquor_n be_v spherical_a have_v the_o centre_n the_o point_n d_o which_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v spherical_a have_v the_o same_o centre_n which_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o will_v also_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n ii_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o of_o a_o great_a height_n than_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v and_o therefore_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n be_v almost_o of_o the_o same_o altitude_n high_a mountain_n except_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v demonstrate_v from_o the_o former_a proposition_n for_o if_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v spherical_a altitude_n the_o earth_n and_o water_n be_v almost_o of_o the_o same_o altitude_n and_o of_o the_o same_o centre_n with_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o sea_n be_v no_o high_o about_o the_o shore_n than_o the_o earth_n therefore_o neither_o shall_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v high_a than_o the_o earth_n but_o its_o superficies_n with_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o other_o shall_v make_v one_o and_o the_o same_o spherical_a superficies_n but_o without_o the_o former_a proposition_n we_o shall_v show_v this_o theorem_fw-la à _fw-la posteriori_fw-la after_o this_o manner_n as_o the_o precede_a proposition_n may_v be_v show_v from_o this_o if_o that_o they_o confide_v not_o in_o the_o former_a demonstration_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o assume_v hypothesis_n 1._o experience_n testify_v that_o water_n be_v free_a and_o not_o
many_o place_n but_o in_o some_o in_o great_a quantity_n than_o in_o other_o malabar_n serpent_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n and_o at_o cambaja_n serpent_n be_v discover_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n this_o be_v a_o sign_n to_o seaman_n that_o they_o be_v near_o to_o those_o region_n about_o four_o mile_n from_o new_a spain_n many_o root_n bulrush_n and_o leave_n like_v unto_o figleaf_n float_n on_o the_o water_n which_o they_o eat_v and_o be_v in_o taste_n like_o unto_o colewort_n in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o first_o navigation_n of_o the_o dutch_a unto_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n we_o read_v that_o on_o the_o 12_o of_o january_n in_o anno_fw-la 1599_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n not_o far_o from_o the_o silver-river_n or_o rio_n de_fw-fr laplata_fw-la in_o brasil_n appear_v of_o a_o red_a and_o bloody_a colour_n but_o be_v draw_v up_o in_o a_o bucket_n or_o the_o like_a when_o that_o they_o have_v more_o thorough_o view_v it_o they_o find_v that_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o worm_n of_o a_o red_a colour_n be_v contain_v in_o that_o water_n and_o be_v take_v up_o in_o the_o hand_n they_o leap_v like_a unto_o flea_n and_o these_o seaman_n call_v sea-flea_n and_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o come_v from_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o small_a crab_n which_o be_v find_v on_o the_o south_n continent_n fill_v the_o sea_n here_o be_v no_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o animal_n of_o which_o there_o be_v various_a kind_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o sea_n proposition_n xvii_o why_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o night_n season_n seem_v to_o glitter_v especial_o if_o that_o the_o wave_n be_v raise_v the_o more_o vehement_o by_o the_o wind_n shine_v the_o sea_n in_o the_o night_n seem_v to_o glitter_v or_o shine_v this_o question_n require_v the_o knowledge_n of_o that_o difficulty_n concern_v the_o cause_n of_o colour_n divers_a be_v the_o resolution_n of_o philosopher_n concern_v they_o but_o as_o for_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o propose_a phenomenon_n or_o question_n that_o opinion_n seem_v the_o most_o commodious_a which_o show_v how_o colour_n do_v exist_v or_o rather_o appear_v from_o a_o certain_a and_o various_a motion_n but_o we_o leave_v the_o accurate_a explication_n of_o the_o same_o to_o naturalist_n proposition_n xviii_o the_o ocean_n or_o rather_o all_o water_n cast_v out_o terrestrial_a body_n on_o the_o shore_n especial_o in_o the_o full_a moon_n shore_n terrestrial_a body_n be_v cast_v out_o of_o the_o ocean_n on_o the_o shore_n it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o render_v a_o account_n of_o this_o property_n which_o experience_n sufficient_o testify_v for_o water_n be_v never_o without_o some_o motion_n which_o if_o it_o be_v swift_a and_o towards_o one_o quarter_n it_o carry_v terrestrial_a body_n with_o it_o until_o it_o meet_v with_o the_o shore_n where_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o cease_v vigour_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n those_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v lay_v down_o but_o in_o the_o ocean_n the_o wave_n be_v carry_v hither_o and_o thither_o by_o these_o the_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v carry_v after_o the_o same_o mode_n and_o because_o that_o all_o wave_n tend_v to_o some_o coast_n of_o land_n therefore_o all_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v carry_v towards_o the_o shore_n in_o the_o full_a moon_n be_v the_o great_a motion_n of_o the_o ocean_n therefore_o vain_a be_v their_o opinion_n who_o believe_v the_o ocean_n to_o be_v a_o animal_n and_o to_o have_v sense_n by_o which_o it_o purge_v itself_o from_o all_o dregs_o terrestrial_a body_n but_o here_o the_o cause_n be_v sufficient_o manifest_a chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o general_n and_o in_o particular_a of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n proposition_n i._o water_n have_v no_o natural_a motion_n except_o one_o by_o which_o it_o move_v from_o a_o more_o high_a place_n unto_o these_o that_o be_v more_o low_a but_o if_o the_o vicine_fw-la place_n or_o body_n be_v equal_a or_o of_o a_o great_a altitude_n than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n than_o the_o water_n natural_o rest_v that_o be_v it_o be_v not_o move_v except_o that_o it_o be_v compel_v by_o a_o violent_a cause_n one_o water_n have_v no_o natural_a motion_n except_o one_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a from_o vulgar_a experience_n for_o if_o that_o a_o vessel_n contain_v water_n be_v move_v the_o water_n so_o long_o fluctuate_v in_o it_o until_o no_o part_n be_v high_a than_o the_o other_o that_o be_v until_o they_o compose_v a_o spherical_a figure_n or_o superficies_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o thirteen_o chapter_n for_o although_o this_o motion_n have_v a_o violent_a cause_n viz._n the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n about_o the_o earth_n yet_o because_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a question_n concern_v this_o cause_n and_o it_o be_v so_o manifest_a in_o the_o water_n that_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o come_v unto_o it_o from_o a_o external_a cause_n so_o for_o to_o distinguish_v this_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n from_o other_o motion_n we_o term_v it_o natural_a now_o this_o motion_n be_v unto_o that_o quarter_n unto_o which_o the_o place_n more_o depress_v be_v situate_v proposition_n ii_o when_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v the_o whole_a ocean_n be_v move_v or_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o be_v also_o move_v but_o by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o that_o every_o one_o be_v near_a the_o part_n move_v for_o because_o that_o if_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v it_o do_v necessary_o change_v place_n and_o therefore_o this_o place_n be_v more_o low_a than_o the_o place_n of_o the_o vicine_fw-la water_n this_o near_a water_n shall_v be_v move_v into_o this_o place_n and_o the_o vicine_fw-la water_n of_o that_o into_o the_o place_n of_o that_o and_o so_o forward_o in_o the_o other_o part_n but_o there_o be_v lesser_a motion_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o more_o remote_a part_n proposition_n iii_o to_o observe_v the_o quarter_n into_o which_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v move_v tend_v tend_v the_o quarter_n into_o which_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v move_v tend_v choose_v a_o time_n if_o you_o can_v when_o no_o violent_a wind_n blow_v and_o cast_v into_o the_o water_n a_o body_n almost_o of_o the_o same_o gravity_n with_o the_o water_n let_v the_o place_n be_v observe_v where_o it_o be_v cast_v in_o to_o wit_n let_v the_o boat_n remain_v there_o immovable_a then_o when_o that_o this_o body_n be_v carry_v by_o the_o sea_n a_o moderate_a space_n from_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v cast_v in_o then_o let_v another_o boat_n be_v place_v of_o that_o and_o let_v the_o quarter_n be_v observe_v into_o which_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o second_o boat_n verge_v from_o the_o former_a for_o this_o also_o shall_v be_v the_o quarter_n in_o which_o we_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n at_o that_o time_n be_v move_v proposition_n iu._n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v either_o direct_a or_o a_o vortex_n or_o a_o concussion_n i_o call_v that_o direct_v which_o tend_v unto_o some_o quarter_n a_o vortex_n when_o the_o water_n move_v into_o a_o round_a and_o be_v in_o some_o part_n reject_v a_o concussion_n when_o it_o tremble_v but_o lay_v aside_o the_o two_o latter_a unto_o the_o end_n of_o the_o chapter_n we_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o direct_a motion_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v call_v this_o by_o a_o general_a term_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n proposition_n v._o of_o the_o motion_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o sea_n some_o be_v general_a some_o proper_a and_o singular_a other_o some_o contingent_a sea_n general_n proper_a and_o singular_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o call_v that_o general_n which_o be_v find_v almost_o in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o that_o at_o all_o time_n i_o call_v those_o proper_a and_o special_a motion_n by_o which_o only_a some_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v and_o they_o be_v twofold_a perpetual_a and_o anniversary_n the_o former_a be_v those_o which_o persist_v without_o mutation_n or_o cessation_n the_o other_o which_o be_v find_v at_o certain_a month_n or_o day_n of_o the_o year_n in_o some_o certain_a sea_n i_o call_v those_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n contingent_a which_o without_o any_o certain_a order_n sometime_o do_v cease_v and_o other_o some_o begin_v such_o be_v infinite_a proposition_n vi_o wind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o contingent_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n force_v the_o sea_n to_o a_o quarter_n opposite_a to_o the_o wind_n neither_o be_v the_o sea_n ever_o free_a from_o such_o motion_n sea_n wind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o see_v that_o the_o air_n touch_v the_o sea_n and_o the_o wind_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o strong_a commotion_n of_o
west_n to_o the_o east_n the_o tumour_n of_o the_o water_n 412_o and_o also_o of_o the_o air_n 856_o which_o now_o incumb_n over_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n e_o by_o degree_n do_v move_v unto_o other_o part_n more_o occidental_a so_o that_o after_o six_o hour_n they_o incumb_fw-la over_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n h_n and_o after_o twelve_o hour_n over_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n g._n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o water_n and_o the_o air_n be_v carry_v from_o the_o oriental_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o the_o occidental_a part_n of_o the_o same_o by_o a_o continual_a flux_n thus_o cartesius_n the_o stress_n of_o the_o demonstration_n be_v in_o this_o because_o the_o earth_n e_o f_o g_o h_n with_o the_o water_n 1234_o be_v move_v round_o and_o also_o the_o celestial_a matter_n of_o the_o vortex_n between_o b_o a_o d_o c_o and_o 6587._o the_o moon_n be_v in_o b_o make_v the_o space_n b_o 6_o with_o a_o certain_a pressure_n pass_v through_o the_o air_n and_o water_n whilst_o that_o it_o pass_v through_o b_o be_v express_v towards_o i_o h_z g_z and_o whilst_o that_o â—_o pass_v through_o b_o be_v express_v towards_o h_n g_o f_o and_o so_o forward_o neither_o do_v the_o part_n of_o the_o celestial_a matter_n at_o the_o moon_n have_v allapse_v in_o b_o d_o mount_v upward_o because_o it_o be_v repel_v and_o that_o all_o be_v full_a of_o body_n and_o although_o it_o press_v the_o air_n and_o water_n 62_o f_o not_o only_o towards_o the_o west_n e_z 15_o but_o also_o towards_o the_o east_n 73_o g._n yet_o because_o the_o part_n situate_v from_o 62_o f_o towards_o 73_o g_z do_v more_o and_o more_o recede_v from_o these_o strait_n but_o the_o part_n towards_o e_o 15_o do_v more_o and_o more_o draw_v near_o therefore_o by_o these_o chief_o be_v that_o force_n receive_v but_o in_o this_o explication_n of_o this_o ingenious_a person_n these_o thing_n be_v require_v or_o want_v 1._o from_o that_o it_o shall_v follow_v that_o the_o sea_n shall_v cease_v to_o swell_v when_o that_o the_o moon_n approach_v unto_o it_o and_o that_o it_o shall_v swell_v in_o the_o part_n which_o be_v a_o quadrant_a or_o six_o hour_n absent_a from_o the_o moon_n viz._n the_o tumour_n be_v in_o e_z 15_o but_o in_o f_o 26_o where_o the_o moon_n be_v vertical_a the_o altitude_n be_v least_o but_o this_o be_v repugnant_a to_o experience_n for_o in_o f_o 26_o the_o sea_n swell_v but_o in_o e_z 15_o the_o tumour_n be_v very_o little_a how_o this_o absurdity_n may_v be_v avoid_v we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n 2._o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_o show_v cartesius_n have_v omit_v this_o why_o whilst_o the_o celestial_a matter_n in_o the_o narrow_a space_n b_o 6_o press_v the_o air_n c_o and_o the_o water_n 2_o it_o be_v not_o equal_o move_v towards_o g_z 37_o from_o both_o the_o water_n and_o the_o air_n and_o the_o celestial_a matter_n be_v carry_v with_o the_o earth_n towards_o g_z 37_o and_o therefore_o the_o water_n and_o the_o air_n be_v rather_o carry_v towards_o the_o east_n than_o the_o west_n and_o it_o be_v a_o doubt_n whether_o it_o can_v be_v avoid_v by_o the_o only_a subduction_n of_o the_o part_n from_o 6_o d_o b_o towards_z g_z 37._o 3._o the_o moon_n draw_v near_o to_o any_o sea_n a_o more_o vehement_a wind_n be_v find_v in_o that_o part_n towards_o the_o west_n from_o the_o east_n than_o another_o time_n but_o this_o happen_v not_o 4._o it_o be_v more_o manifest_a that_o the_o sun_n make_v that_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n from_o east_n to_o west_n or_o that_o a_o general_a wind_n do_v it_o for_o we_o find_v that_o in_o the_o morning_n before_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o also_o with_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o many_o place_n for_o than_o it_o be_v distant_a a_o quadrant_a from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n these_o thing_n deserve_v consideration_n in_o the_o cartesian_a explication_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o hypothesis_n itself_o but_o whether_o this_o motion_n can_v be_v refer_v to_o a_o general_a east-wind_n be_v doubt_v for_o see_v that_o that_o wind_n be_v always_o under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n it_o will_v seem_v to_o cause_v that_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v perpetual_a for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o with_o the_o augmentation_n of_o the_o wind_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v augment_v but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a sign_n that_o the_o motion_n itself_o do_v depend_v on_o the_o wind._n for_o the_o connexion_n hinder_v which_o this_o motion_n have_v with_o the_o moon_n viz._n that_o the_o moon_n approach_v to_o the_o sea_n it_o cause_v that_o 2_o to_o swell_v because_o in_o the_o full_a and_o new_a moon_n that_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o vehement_a from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n which_o the_o demonstration_n of_o cartesius_n excellent_o explain_v viz._n because_o the_o moon_n in_o the_o new_a and_o full_o be_v more_o near_o unto_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o the_o port_n b_o 6_o be_v render_v more_o angust_n for_o the_o transition_n of_o the_o celestial_a matter_n and_o therefore_o the_o pressure_n be_v the_o great_a and_o although_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v at_o full_a that_o intumescency_n may_v be_v refer_v unto_o the_o great_a light_n of_o the_o moon_n yet_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o the_o new_a this_o cause_n cease_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o moon_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n but_o rather_o that_o pressure_n of_o cartesius_n as_o we_o shall_v observe_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n x._o the_o second_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o which_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o space_n of_o twelve_o hour_n and_o about_o half_a a_o hour_n flaw_v unto_o most_o coast_n and_o flow_v back_o again_o it_o flow_v when_o that_o the_o moon_n approach_v unto_o the_o supreme_a or_o low_a meridian_n and_o reflow_v when_o the_o moon_n recede_v from_o the_o meridian_n towards_o the_o west_n and_o towards_o the_o east_n motion_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o second_o general_a motion_n where_o we_o must_v first_o discover_v whether_o the_o ocean_n by_o this_o motion_n be_v move_v unto_o one_o certain_a quarter_n viz._n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n or_o from_o west_n to_o east_n for_o the_o shore_n of_o gulf_n and_o channel_n of_o river_n in_o which_o this_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v more_o manifest_o find_v than_o in_o the_o vast_a ocean_n be_v extend_v nigh_o unto_o or_o according_a unto_o divers_a quarter_n some_o towards_o the_o east_n from_o the_o west_n as_o the_o mediterranean_a some_o from_o the_o south_n towards_o the_o north_n as_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n and_o in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o gulf_n and_o shore_n the_o water_n flow_v towards_o the_o quarter_n of_o extension_n therefore_o in_o divers_a gulf_n and_o shore_n this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o ocean_n tend_v into_o divers_a quarter_n therefore_o our_o first_o inquiry_n must_v be_v whether_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o ocean_n observe_v any_o certain_a quarter_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v move_v elsewhere_o unto_o other_o quarter_n or_o whether_o it_o observe_v two_o quarter_n viz._n the_o occidental_a quarter_n in_o the_o flux_n and_o the_o oriental_a in_o the_o reflux_n or_o whether_o one_o and_o the_o same_o quarter_n both_o in_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v viz._n the_o occidental_a unto_o this_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o last_o be_v true_a viz._n that_o the_o whole_a ocean_n in_o the_o flux_n be_v move_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n but_o in_o the_o reflux_n it_o be_v move_v indeed_o by_o a_o general_a motion_n again_o from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n but_o yet_o in_o the_o flux_n more_o quantity_n of_o water_n flow_v unto_o a_o certain_a part_n but_o in_o the_o reflux_n or_o to_o speak_v more_o proper_o the_o deflux_n it_o be_v not_o move_v into_o a_o contrary_a quarter_n but_o unto_o the_o same_o occidental_a quarter_n but_o yet_o a_o lesser_a quantity_n of_o water_n do_v flow_v in_o so_o then_o we_o must_v determine_v that_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o a_o distinct_a motion_n from_o the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o same_o which_o we_o have_v explain_v in_o the_o former_a proposition_n by_o which_o the_o ocean_n continual_o move_v from_o east_n to_o west_n but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a mode_n or_o affection_n of_o this_o general_a motion_n and_o therefore_o if_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v consider_v in_o the_o whole_a or_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o free_a ocean_n it_o be_v not_o so_o proper_o term_v a_o flux_n or_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o rather_o a_o
dissolve_v snow_n and_o this_o they_o take_v for_o a_o sign_n of_o it_o that_o rain_n and_o dissolve_v snow_n do_v much_o augment_v the_o river_n that_o oftentimes_o they_o extend_v beyond_o their_o channel_n and_o overflow_v region_n also_o that_o river_n do_v much_o decrease_v and_o some_o lesser_a sort_n of_o they_o be_v altogether_o dry_v up_o when_o no_o rain_n for_o a_o long_a while_n in_o the_o summer_n season_n have_v fall_v because_o that_o their_o channel_n be_v not_o very_o profound_a and_o therefore_o have_v collect_v little_a water_n but_o those_o that_o have_v a_o deep_a channel_n be_v not_o dry_v up_o in_o the_o summer_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o have_v gather_v so_o much_o water_n from_o the_o rain_n that_o fall_v and_o dissolve_v snow_n so_o that_o all_o can_v be_v turn_v into_o vapour_n except_o by_o a_o daily_a and_o continual_a heat_n 2._o because_o that_o there_o be_v very_o few_o river_n in_o those_o place_n where_o there_o be_v little_a rain_n as_o in_o the_o more_o inward_a part_n of_o africa_n there_o be_v few_o spring_n but_o these_o allegation_n resolve_v not_o the_o question_n because_o we_o be_v not_o to_o demand_v or_o seek_v the_o original_a of_o river_n but_o only_o the_o original_a of_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n therefore_o those_o that_o speak_v thus_o have_v not_o well_o consider_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o question_n as_o we_o have_v take_v notice_n before_o although_o also_o the_o experience_n that_o they_o allege_v be_v not_o general_a because_o that_o there_o be_v river_n find_v in_o place_n where_o there_o be_v little_a rain_n and_o no_o snow_n although_o it_o be_v true_a in_o the_o region_n of_o peru_n and_o egypt_n which_o they_o assert_v moreover_o rain_n moisten_v not_o the_o earth_n above_o ten_o foot_n deep_a but_o fountain_n spring_v from_o a_o far_o great_a profundity_n seneca_n the_o opinion_n of_o seneca_n 2._o other_o suppose_v that_o we_o shall_v not_o demand_v whence_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n do_v arise_v by_o reason_n that_o water_n be_v a_o element_n as_o much_o as_o earth_n air_n and_o fire_n concern_v the_o original_a of_o which_o we_o do_v not_o dispute_v thus_o seneca_n discourse_v but_o other_o author_n cut_v in_o twain_o this_o gordian_a knot_n with_o the_o sword_n of_o alexander_n for_o it_o be_v not_o inquire_v after_o how_o that_o water_n have_v a_o be_v but_o how_o it_o come_v to_o the_o place_n of_o fountain_n and_o not_o to_o other_o place_n moreover_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o so_o flow_v forward_o as_o river_n do_v but_o for_o the_o air_n it_o be_v false_a that_o we_o shall_v not_o seek_v concern_v it_o as_o they_o determine_v 3._o aristotelian_o follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o their_o master_n 11._o see_v aristotle_n lino_n 1._o chap._n 11._o who_o in_o the_o whole_a eleven_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n of_o meteor_n endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n be_v generate_v from_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n he_o allege_v these_o reason_n 1._o water_n be_v generate_v from_o air_n above_o the_o earth_n viz._n rain_n therefore_o see_v that_o air_n be_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o cause_n of_o condensation_n viz._n cold_a therefore_o he_o say_v it_o be_v absurd_a for_o any_o one_o to_o think_v that_o water_n be_v not_o produce_v from_o air_n there_o 2._o experience_n testify_v that_o more_o great_a drop_n that_o fall_v be_v make_v of_o small_a one_o and_o therefore_o the_o original_a of_o river_n must_v be_v as_o it_o be_v certain_a brook_n of_o water_n that_o meet_v in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o therefore_o those_o that_o make_v aqueduct_n be_v wont_a to_o bring_v the_o water_n down_o by_o trench_n and_o small_a channel_n 3._o because_o that_o many_o spring_n and_o those_o of_o the_o great_a river_n be_v find_v in_o mountainous_a place_n very_o few_o in_o plain_n or_o valley_n which_o be_v a_o evidence_n that_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n proceed_v from_o a_o condense_a air_n or_o vapour_n which_o air_n and_o vapour_n tend_v towards_o high_a place_n and_o mountainous_a place_n be_v as_o it_o be_v sponge_n incumb_a over_o low_a place_n those_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o aristotle_n cardanus_n the_o opinion_n of_o cardanus_n 4._o cardanus_n with_o other_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n proceed_v from_o rivulet_n which_o be_v generate_v of_o watery_a vapour_n condense_v both_o within_o and_o without_o the_o earth_n but_o that_o these_o fountain_n alone_o scarce_o make_v up_o river_n unless_o assist_v by_o rain_n or_o dissolve_v snow_n his_o reason_n be_v these_o 1._o if_o betimes_o in_o the_o morning_n one_o view_v the_o mountain_n they_o will_v appear_v moist_a 2._o river_n overflow_v in_o the_o morning_n and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o by_o how_o much_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v more_o near_o the_o fountain_n but_o the_o perpetual_a and_o constant_a impetus_fw-la of_o the_o water_n bubble_v and_o leap_v from_o the_o spring_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o have_v its_o original_a from_o so_o weak_a and_o inconstant_a a_o cause_n neither_o do_v this_o opinion_n of_o cardanus_n much_o differ_v from_o that_o of_o aristotle_n but_o that_o aristotle_n place_v air_n with_o the_o generation_n cardanus_n vapour_n with_o the_o generation_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o spring_n and_o indeed_o small_a be_v the_o difference_n between_o air_n and_o vapour_n 5._o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n suppose_v rain_n to_o be_v coacervate_v within_o the_o earth_n in_o cavity_n and_o thence_o to_o break_v forth_o as_o from_o a_o mighty_a belly_n and_o that_o all_o river_n spring_v from_o one_o of_o they_o or_o from_o some_o other_o of_o they_o neither_o that_o there_o be_v any_o other_o water_n generate_v but_o what_o be_v collect_v in_o the_o winter_n month_n into_o those_o receptacle_n they_o suppose_v to_o evade_v into_o the_o multitude_n of_o these_o river_n and_o therefore_o that_o they_o flow_v more_o in_o the_o winter_n than_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o that_o some_o be_v continual_a and_o some_o not_z they_o add_v the_o same_o cause_n that_o we_o have_v lay_v down_o in_o the_o first_o opinion_n but_o aristotle_n receive_v this_o opinion_n because_o that_o more_o water_n in_o one_o year_n flow_v out_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n than_o the_o bulk_n of_o that_o whole_a part_n of_o earth_n or_o land_n 6._o of_o modern_a philosopher_n many_o as_o also_o of_o the_o ancient_n determine_v that_o the_o earth_n again_o receive_v whatsoever_o water_n flow_v out_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n into_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o a_o hide_a passage_n go_v under_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v beat_v in_o its_o passage_n through_o divers_a wind_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o strain_v through_o sand_n and_o chalk_n which_o remove_v its_o saltness_n and_o so_o pass_v into_o pure_a water_n i_o also_o defend_v this_o opinion_n and_o suppose_v it_o true_a yet_o so_o as_o not_o to_o exclude_v the_o cause_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o first_o and_o three_o place_n the_o reason_n be_v these_o 1._o because_o more_o than_o one_o thousand_o river_n exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o great_a of_o they_o in_o such_o a_o abundancy_n that_o that_o water_n which_o they_o send_v forth_o into_o the_o sea_n throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n exceed_v the_o whole_a earth_n as_o the_o river_n volga_n into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o also_o other_o river_n therefore_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o that_o water_n must_v be_v send_v forth_o into_o many_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n even_o to_o the_o fountain_n of_o river_n now_o if_o that_o this_o be_v not_o so_o we_o can_v not_o possible_o imagine_v how_o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v not_o be_v augment_v unto_o a_o immensity_n or_o why_o fountain_n shall_v not_o cease_v to_o send_v forth_o water_n neither_o may_v it_o be_v object_v that_o so_o many_o vapour_n be_v elevate_v from_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o water_n that_o the_o sea_n have_v receive_v from_o the_o river_n for_o first_o only_a rain_n make_v those_o vapour_n then_o again_o it_o be_v most_o false_a that_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o vapour_n shall_v be_v elevate_v from_o the_o sea_n as_o be_v generate_v from_o the_o water_n which_o flow_v from_o the_o river_n into_o the_o sea_n distant_a fountain_n the_o near_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_a than_o those_o far_a distant_a 2._o this_o opinion_n be_v prove_v from_o that_o to_o wit_n that_o the_o fountain_n near_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_n and_o brackish_a and_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v nigh_o to_o the_o sea_n by_o so_o much_o they_o be_v the_o more_o salt_n as_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n especial_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o choromaudel_n in_o india_n where_o no_o vine_n
do_v grow_v and_o where_o that_o all_o well_n be_v salt_n in_o the_o city_n of_o suez_n at_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n all_o well_n be_v salt_n or_o brackish_a and_o the_o water_n two_o mile_n distant_a be_v somewhat_o salt_n so_o in_o many_o island_n in_o the_o sea_n no_o well_n of_o fresh_a water_n be_v find_v though_o not_o so_o salt_n as_o the_o sea_n water_n itself_o as_o in_o the_o isle_n of_o st._n vincent_n and_o other_o in_o peru_n in_o the_o low_a region_n the_o lake_n be_v salt_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sea_n yea_o in_o the_o oriental_a maritimate_a place_n the_o nut_n call_v coco_n nut_n be_v find_v somewhat_o salt_n also_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n themselves_o fountain_n of_o salt_n water_n be_v find_v as_o in_o lorraine_n lunenburgh_n and_o the_o like_a 3._o because_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o sea_n emit_v its_o water_n through_o subterraneous_a passage_n from_o the_o salt_n fountain_n of_o lunenburgh_n where_o beneath_o the_o earth_n those_o aqueduct_n full_a of_o salt_n or_o sea-water_n be_v find_v 4._o because_o that_o dig_v to_o a_o great_a depth_n as_o also_o in_o mine_n much_o water_n be_v find_v of_o which_o neither_o the_o rain_n nor_o the_o air_n can_v be_v make_v the_o efficient_a cause_n how_o water_n come_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o place_n of_o fountain_n so_o as_o to_o become_v sweet_a we_o have_v now_o show_v viz._n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o every_o where_o rocky_a or_o stony_a but_o in_o many_o place_n sandy_a muddy_a gravelly_a spongy_a drink_v the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o by_o a_o continuation_n of_o the_o earth_n bring_v it_o by_o degree_n to_o a_o long_a distance_n from_o the_o sea_n where_o at_o length_n the_o guttulae_fw-la unite_v especial_o in_o a_o narrow_a space_n such_o as_o be_v mountain_n and_o make_v a_o fountain_n in_o the_o give_v place_n or_o cavity_n but_o if_o so_o be_v that_o cavity_n be_v hide_v from_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o water_n so_o collect_v either_o follow_v another_o way_n wheresoever_o it_o be_v make_v and_o so_o a_o fountain_n seem_v to_o break_v forth_o in_o another_o place_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o in_o than_o place_n but_o be_v a_o river_n derive_v from_o the_o former_a place_n by_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n or_o if_o that_o the_o water_n of_o that_o cavity_n find_v no_o way_n about_o itself_o neither_o by_o violence_n can_v break_v through_o the_o earth_n that_o cover_v it_o than_o that_o water_n be_v not_o augment_v but_o what_o water_n flow_v unto_o it_o to_o have_v be_v its_o increase_n that_o be_v avert_v to_o another_o place_n for_o that_o be_v the_o property_n of_o all_o humid_a body_n that_o all_o their_o part_n and_o particle_n be_v move_v towards_o that_o place_n where_o the_o deflux_n be_v make_v so_o if_o you_o fill_v a_o vessel_n with_o water_n that_o the_o swell_a or_o tumour_n may_v be_v above_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o vessel_n than_o all_o the_o part_n of_o 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proposition_n xxiii_o a_o place_n be_v give_v to_o make_v a_o spring_n or_o well_o in_o it_o if_o that_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o be_v make_v we_o will_v allege_v the_o word_n of_o vitruvius_n as_o be_v a_o man_n excellent_o skill_v in_o these_o affair_n 7._o see_v vitruvius_n cap._n 7._o see_v that_o we_o never_o use_v ourselves_o to_o this_o kind_n of_o exercise_n in_o his_o seven_o chapter_n thus_o he_o speak_v reason_n must_v not_o be_v contemn_v in_o dig_v of_o well_n but_o the_o natural_a reason_n of_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v with_o sharpness_n of_o wit_n and_o great_a prudence_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o earth_n have_v many_o and_o various_a thing_n within_o it_o for_o it_o be_v compound_v as_o other_o thing_n of_o four_o principle_n and_o the_o first_o be_v terrene_a and_o have_v from_o the_o humidity_n of_o the_o water_n fountain_n also_o heat_n whence_o proceed_v sulphur_n alom_n bitumen_n and_o gross_a spirit_n of_o air_n which_o be_v thick_a when_o by_o the_o fistulous_a intervening_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o well_o be_v dug_n and_o find_v man_n dig_v by_o their_o natural_a vapour_n they_o stop_v up_o the_o animal_n spirit_n of_o those_o that_o work_n at_o their_o nostril_n so_o that_o those_o that_o fly_v not_o quick_o away_o be_v there_o choke_v now_o to_o avoid_v this_o we_o must_v thus_o act_v let_v a_o candle_n be_v light_v and_o let_v down_o and_o if_o that_o it_o continue_v burn_v you_o may_v descend_v without_o danger_n but_o if_o that_o the_o light_n be_v extinguish_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o vapour_n then_o let_v aestuary_n be_v dug_n on_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n near_o the_o wâ—ll_n so_o as_o by_o the_o nostril_n the_o spirit_n will_v be_v dissipate_v when_o those_o be_v so_o explicate_v and_o that_o you_o be_v come_v to_o the_o water_n let_v the_o structure_n be_v so_o sence_v that_o the_o vein_n be_v not_o stop_v but_o if_o that_o the_o place_n shall_v prove_v hard_a or_o that_o the_o vein_n shall_v not_o be_v altogether_o at_o the_o bottom_n than_o assistance_n must_v be_v take_v from_o the_o cover_n of_o plaster-work_n now_o this_o must_v be_v observe_v in_o plaster-work_n that_o the_o rough_a and_o pure_a sand_n be_v get_v that_o the_o cement_n be_v break_v with_o a_o flint_n that_o the_o most_o vehement_a chalk_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o mortar_n so_o that_o five_o part_n of_o sand_n answer_v to_o two_o of_o chalk_n or_o lime_n let_v the_o cement_n be_v add_v to_o the_o mortar_n of_o it_o let_v the_o wall_n in_o the_o depress_a trench_n unto_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o future_a altitude_n be_v spage_v the_o bar_n be_v make_v of_o iron_n the_o wall_n be_v plaster_v let_v that_o which_o be_v earthy_a in_o the_o midst_n be_v evacuate_v to_o the_o low_a measure_n or_o libration_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o bottom_n be_v level_v let_v the_o pavement_n be_v plaster_v with_o the_o same_o mortar_n unto_o the_o thickness_n that_o be_v appoint_v now_o these_o place_n if_o they_o shall_v be_v make_v double_a or_o treble_a that_o they_o may_v be_v transmutate_v by_o the_o percolation_n of_o the_o water_n will_v make_v the_o use_n of_o it_o far_o more_o wholesome_a for_o the_o mud_n when_o that_o it_o have_v find_v a_o place_n to_o sink_v in_o the_o water_n become_v more_o clear_a and_o will_v keep_v its_o taste_n without_o any_o scent_n if_o not_o you_o must_v of_o necessity_n add_v salt_n and_o extenuate_v it_o proposition_n xxiv_o to_o prove_v whether_o the_o water_n of_o a_o spring_n be_v wholesome_a not_o of_o spring-water_n whether_o it_o be_v wholesome_a or_o not_o concern_v this_o vitruvius_n thus_o write_v their_o probation_n must_v be_v thus_o look_v after_o if_o that_o they_o flow_v and_o be_v open_a before_o that_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v draw_v look_v on_o they_o and_o observe_v of_o what_o membrature_n they_o be_v what_o inhabitant_n dwell_v about_o those_o fountain_n whether_o they_o be_v of_o strong_a body_n of_o good_a colour_n not_o lame_a blear_a or_o sore-eyed_n if_o so_o the_o water_n be_v very_o excellent_a also_o if_o that_o a_o new_a spring_n be_v dug_n and_o the_o water_n be_v put_v into_o a_o corinthian_a vessel_n or_o any_o other_o kind_n make_v of_o brass_n and_o if_o it_o cause_v no_o stain_n it_o be_v then_o most_o excellent_a water_n also_o if_o that_o that_o water_n be_v heat_v and_o afterward_o settle_v and_o pour_v forth_o and_o that_o no_o sand_n or_o mud_n be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n that_o water_n be_v also_o very_o good_a also_o if_o that_o root_n put_v in_o that_o water_n be_v quick_o boil_v they_o show_v the_o water_n to_o be_v good_a and_o wholesome_a also_o that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o fountain_n be_v clear_a
water_n on_o which_o drop_v of_o oil_n do_v flow_v in_o scotland_n two_o mile_n from_o edinburgh_n a_o fountain_n flow_v on_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o which_o drop_v of_o black_a oil_n do_v swim_v the_o inhabitant_n use_v it_o to_o mollify_v the_o skin_n and_o to_o take_v away_o scab_n so_o the_o river_n cilicia_n term_v liparis_n be_v famous_a among_o the_o ancient_n in_o which_o those_o that_o wash_v themselves_o be_v anoint_a by_o the_o water_n whether_o it_o be_v so_o at_o this_o day_n i_o much_o doubt_n so_o likewise_o there_o be_v a_o lake_n in_o aethiopia_n which_o anoint_v those_o that_o swim_v it_o also_o there_o be_v a_o fountain_n in_o india_n which_o on_o a_o clear_a day_n send_v forth_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o oil_n in_o zant_n and_o about_o dyrrachium_fw-la and_o appallonia_n as_o vitruvius_n write_v there_o be_v fountain_n which_o vomit_v out_o abundance_n of_o pitch_n with_o water_n there_o be_v a_o lake_n in_o babylon_n of_o great_a magnitude_n call_v limb_n asphaltis_n it_o have_v liquid_a bitumen_n swim_v upon_o it_o with_o which_o the_o black_a semiramis_n encompass_v babylon_n with_o a_o wall_n at_o this_o day_n also_o at_o monasterium_fw-la in_o bavaria_n be_v the_o fountain_n degemsce_fw-mi on_o the_o top_n of_o which_o oil_n swim_v and_o be_v daily_o take_v off_o the_o acid_n water_n of_o schwalback_n if_o they_o be_v take_v in_o a_o vessel_n and_o have_v be_v settle_v for_o some_o day_n small_a drop_n of_o oil_n swim_v on_o the_o top_n of_o they_o there_o be_v a_o great_a quantity_n in_o the_o fountain_n term_v oelbrum_n not_o far_o from_o hagenaw_n at_o the_o village_n lamperscholch_n also_o in_o the_o many_o bath_n be_v find_v bituminous_a particle_n if_o so_o be_v that_o they_o stand_v quiet_a for_o some_o day_n as_o in_o the_o bath_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n term_v the_o bath_n of_o petrolei_n now_o the_o fountain_n that_o send_v out_o not_o a_o oil_n swim_v on_o the_o water_n but_o a_o mere_a fat_a or_o bituminous_a liquor_n be_v also_o many_o near_a gersbachium_n in_o the_o valley_n call_v lebersthal_n from_o a_o antiquate_a and_o exhaust_v i_o oil_n or_o bitumen_n flow_v with_o which_o the_o country_n swain_n besmear_v their_o cart-wheel_n neither_o do_v the_o inhabitant_n know_v its_o excellency_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o sumatra_n be_v a_o spring_n from_o which_o naptha_n like_v unto_o oil_n flow_v other_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o balsam_n they_o report_v fountain_n of_o amber_n to_o be_v there_o likewise_o in_o peru_n near_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o bituminous_a fountain_n send_v forth_o a_o branch_n or_o riveret_n into_o the_o sea_n the_o native_n use_v it_o instead_o of_o pitch_n neither_o do_v they_o use_v any_o other_o matter_n in_o persia_n not_o far_o from_o schimachia_n at_o or_o near_o the_o high_a mountain_n barmach_n in_o a_o valley_n be_v about_o thirty_o fountain_n of_o bitumen_n or_o naptha_n but_o run_v in_o deep_a well_n with_o a_o great_a force_n the_o 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swallow_v up_o the_o river_n jordan_n it_o be_v venomous_a by_o reason_n that_o it_o contain_v arsenic_n proposition_n xi_o the_fw-mi explain_v the_o cause_n of_o very_o cold_a spring_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o they_o be_v find_v spring_n the_o cause_n of_o cold_a spring_n in_o the_o province_n of_o dauphin_n in_o france_n not_o far_o from_o vienna_n be_v a_o fountain_n of_o so_o great_a cold_a that_o the_o mouth_n of_o those_o that_o drink_v it_o be_v swell_v with_o it_o neither_o can_v they_o endure_v their_o hand_n in_o it_o it_o be_v not_o diminish_v for_o the_o water_n that_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o it_o nor_o augment_v by_o the_o water_n pour_v into_o it_o in_o arabia_n or_o aethiopia_n be_v most_o cold_a spring_n although_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v most_o excessive_a there_o in_o stiria_n not_o far_o from_o gretz_n be_v fountain_n so_o cold_a at_o the_o bottom_n that_o none_o can_v drink_v any_o water_n run_v or_o draw_v from_o thence_o in_o a_o mile_n from_o calma_n a_o spring_n send_v forth_o water_n as_o it_o be_v boil_v with_o a_o great_a wind_n when_o yet_o it_o be_v very_o cold_a hence_o they_o call_v it_o the_o mad_a water_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o coldness_n of_o these_o fountain_n be_v 1._o the_o admixture_n of_o nitre_n and_o alom_n also_o of_o mercury_n iron_n and_o the_o like_a 2._o the_o depth_n of_o the_o spring_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o solary_a beam_n and_o of_o the_o sulphureous_a subterraneous_a heat_n there_o be_v also_o some_o spring_n which_o be_v sometime_o cold_a and_o sometime_o hot_a in_o gatalonia_n the_o lake_n and_o fountain_n salsula_n in_o the_o winter_n be_v hot_a and_o in_o the_o summer_n very_o cold_a this_o be_v common_a to_o it_o with_o many_o other_o i_o think_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v that_o in_o the_o summer_n the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v open_a through_o which_o the_o hot_a spirit_n break_v forth_o in_o the_o winter_n they_o be_v close_v whence_o within_o there_o be_v hot_a furnace_n that_o heat_v the_o water_n so_o some_o fountain_n be_v more_o hot_a in_o the_o night_n than_o in_o the_o day_n proposition_n xii_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o those_o water_n which_o seem_v to_o change_v body_n into_o another_o kind_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o they_o be_v find_v there_o be_v some_o water_n which_o change_v wood_n into_o the_o hard_a stone_n in_o ireland_n etc._n of_o the_o generation_n of_o water_n which_o change_v body_n into_o another_o kind_n etc._n etc._n above_o the_o city_n armagh_n in_o a_o pool_n not_o very_o large_a a_o stake_n of_o wood_n if_o it_o be_v fix_v for_o some_o month_n the_o part_n that_o stick_v in_o the_o mud_n will_v be_v iron_n the_o part_n which_o be_v touch_v with_o the_o water_n be_v turn_v into_o stone_n and_o the_o rest_n remain_v wood_n so_o giraldus_n and_o maginus_fw-la relate_fw-la but_o brietius_n say_v i_o know_v not_o by_o what_o authority_n that_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a fable_n the_o water_n of_o loches_n in_o blois_n a_o province_n in_o france_n turn_v all_o thing_n put_v into_o it_o into_o stone_n at_o the_o city_n senon_n in_o burgundia_n near_o a_o lake_n a_o spring_n flow_v which_o harden_v into_o stone_n vitruvius_n say_v that_o in_o cappadocia_n between_o mazaca_n and_o tuana_n be_v a_o large_a lake_n which_o change_v a_o reed_n or_o wood_n put_v into_o it_o in_o one_o day_n into_o stone_n in_o bohemia_n near_o the_o bath_n of_o charles_n be_v a_o fountain_n in_o which_o wood_n lie_v long_o be_v change_v into_o stone_n other_o water_n be_v think_v to_o change_v iron_n into_o copper_n which_o yet_o real_o they_o do_v not_o but_o by_o reason_n that_o water_n themselves_o carry_v particle_n and_o spirit_n of_o copper_n
proceed_v from_o dry_a body_n so_o shall_v ammoniac_a vanish_v into_o smoke_n fire_n be_v place_v under_o it_o this_o also_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o divers_a region_n a_o different_a air_n be_v discover_v also_o that_o it_o rain_v in_o one_o place_n and_o not_o in_o another_o proposition_n v._o the_o least_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n and_o those_o all_o insensible_a repel_v or_o reflect_v the_o ray_n as_o a_o looking-glass_n but_o some_o of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n be_v sensible_a and_o compound_v do_v transmit_v many_o ray_n but_o reflect_v few_o other_o on_o the_o contrary_a transmit_v few_o ray_n and_o reflect_v more_o therefore_o the_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v divide_v into_o those_o that_o be_v opac_n and_o pellucid_a atmosphere_n the_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n these_o be_v those_o that_o transmit_v many_o ray_n the_o former_a be_v those_o that_o transmit_v few_o therefore_o because_o that_o the_o least_o particle_n both_o water_n and_o earth_n be_v atom_n be_v solid_a little_a body_n without_o any_o pore_n so_o that_o they_o transmit_v no_o ray_n but_o repel_v they_o because_o that_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o a_o perspicuity_n or_o a_o transmission_n of_o ray_n do_v require_v pore_n orderly_o place_v in_o a_o body_n and_o empty_a little_a space_n but_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n or_o atmosphere_n compose_v of_o little_a particle_n if_o that_o they_o shall_v have_v ordinate_a and_o many_o pore_n they_o will_v be_v perspicuous_a and_o transmit_v many_o ray_n but_o if_o that_o those_o particle_n shall_v be_v compose_v or_o aggregated_a very_a confuse_o they_o will_v transmit_v ray_n without_o any_o pore_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o sun_n discuss_v a_o thick_a cloudy_a opac_n air_n do_v make_v it_o perspicuous_a to_o wit_n more_o porous_a now_o that_o the_o least_o particle_n reflect_v ray_n be_v manifest_a from_o hence_o that_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o a_o most_o serene_a air_n be_v admit_v into_o a_o obscure_a chamber_n through_o a_o narrow_a hole_n you_o will_v see_v manifest_o from_o the_o particle_n fly_v in_o a_o great_a number_n in_o the_o air_n that_o the_o ray_n be_v reflect_v to_o the_o eye_n as_o from_o a_o glass_n now_o see_v that_o those_o particle_n be_v yet_o sensible_a the_o same_o must_v be_v conclude_v concern_v the_o least_o particle_n and_o those_o that_o fly_v the_o sense_n now_o those_o who_o will_v have_v humid_a attenuate_v vapour_n to_o be_v perspicuous_a but_o not_o dry_a one_o and_o smoke_v they_o be_v refute_v by_o experience_n and_o reason_n by_o reason_n because_o that_o fume_n and_o dry_a exhalation_n may_v be_v make_v equal_o subtle_a and_o porous_a as_o those_o that_o be_v watery_a but_o they_o suppose_v that_o perspicuity_n do_v not_o consist_v in_o the_o mode_n or_o reason_n of_o the_o pore_n but_o in_o a_o peculiar_a quality_n but_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o experience_n because_o that_o the_o air_n be_v serene_a it_o have_v more_o dry_a than_o moist_a particle_n for_o in_o that_o new_a kind_n of_o windgun_n which_o be_v not_o discharge_v by_o powder_n or_o fire_n but_o by_o the_o help_n of_o wind_n and_o air_n the_o air_n be_v so_o condensated_a that_o it_o scarce_o comprehend_v the_o sixti_v part_n of_o the_o former_a space_n yet_o neither_o do_v they_o create_v any_o kind_n of_o humidity_n in_o the_o gun_n which_o must_v altogether_o happen_v if_o that_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o serene_a air_n be_v watery_a proposition_n vi_o exhalation_n do_v not_o ascend_v of_o themselves_o and_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n upward_o but_o they_o be_v force_v by_o a_o violent_a motion_n or_o the_o air_n be_v not_o light_v but_o heavy_a in_o a_o proper_a mode_n of_o expression_n exhalation_n of_o exhalation_n all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v term_v grave_n or_o heavy_a be_v move_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n except_o that_o it_o be_v hinder_v but_o the_o air_n do_v that_o for_o the_o earth_n be_v dig_v up_o the_o air_n descend_v into_o the_o space_n make_v that_o therefore_o it_o be_v carry_v upward_o be_v thus_o perform_v 1._o that_o heat_n rarifi_v it_o to_o seek_v a_o great_a space_n 2._o because_o that_o it_o be_v force_v by_o another_o vapour_n so_o in_o cold_a place_n as_o in_o nova_n zembla_n and_o with_o we_o in_o the_o night_n season_n no_o mist_n ascend_v but_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n approach_v rarifi_v it_o and_o cause_v one_o part_n to_o force_v out_o and_o thrust_v forward_o the_o other_o for_o if_o that_o those_o small_a particle_n of_o air_n be_v free_a neither_o mutual_o implicate_v one_o within_o another_o then_o at_o length_n it_o will_v be_v light_a proposition_n vii_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v more_o subtle_a than_o the_o low_a yet_o it_o may_v so_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o middle_a part_n may_v be_v more_o gross_a and_o condense_a than_o the_o low_a part_n about_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o more_o light_a part_n fly_v to_o the_o upper_a place_n they_o be_v more_o subtle_a and_o light_a hence_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o member_n of_o the_o former_a proposition_n be_v manifest_a now_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o latter_a member_n be_v that_o the_o part_n in_o the_o middle_a air_n easy_o counite_v again_o and_o so_o become_v thick_a for_o the_o hot_a or_o calid_a particle_n be_v carry_v up_o with_o they_o have_v forsake_v they_o and_o the_o ray_n refract_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o that_o middle_a region_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o distance_n have_v no_o force_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o after_o rain_n the_o middle_a air_n be_v more_o serene_a because_o the_o more_o thick_a part_n be_v separate_v proposition_n viii_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o air_n be_v heat_v possess_v more_o space_n than_o before_o now_o by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o destitute_a of_o heat_n by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o it_o contract_v itself_o and_o occupi_v the_o lesser_a space_n before_o the_o air_n be_v heat_v possess_v more_o space_n than_o before_o this_o be_v excellent_o show_v by_o that_o instrument_n which_o we_o call_v a_o thermometer_n or_o weatherglass_n because_o that_o we_o measure_v the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n and_o heat_n by_o in_o in_o hot_a and_o cold_a in_o which_o we_o discover_v the_o air_n to_o become_v more_o condense_v and_o to_o occupy_v lesser_a space_n in_o the_o glass_n by_o how_o much_o the_o air_n acquire_v less_o heat_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n now_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o proportion_n be_v a_o priore_fw-la because_o the_o calid_a particle_n either_o of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o of_o another_o fire_n be_v most_o subtle_a of_o all_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o in_o continual_a motion_n therefore_o those_o atmosphere_n whilst_o that_o they_o be_v admix_v separate_a and_o divide_v these_o particle_n with_o a_o great_a force_n and_o so_o cause_v more_o pore_n and_o these_o little_a fire_n depart_v the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n leave_v to_o themselves_o unite_v again_o or_o be_v mutual_o complicate_v within_o themselves_o corollary_n therefore_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n or_o atmosphere_n be_v not_o constant_a but_o decrease_v and_o increase_v viz._n at_o noonday_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v great_a at_o midnight_n least_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n moderate_a as_o in_o proposition_n fourteen_o proposition_n ix_o to_o make_v a_o thermometer_n thermoscope_n or_o weatherglass_n by_o which_o we_o may_v discover_v the_o mutation_n of_o the_o air_n in_o heat_n and_o cold_a take_v a_o glass_n of_o a_o oblong_a and_o cylindrical_a neck_n with_o the_o spherical_a small_a head_n l_o h_n weatherglass_n how_o to_o make_v a_o thermomemeter_n or_o weatherglass_n let_v this_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o table_n or_o board_n m_o n_o p_o q_o the_o head_n be_v erect_v let_v a_o vessel_n with_o water_n be_v place_v under_o the_o orifice_n which_o be_v best_a to_o be_v colour_v so_o fill_v that_o part_n of_o the_o pipe_n or_o neck_n l_o f_o may_v be_v hide_v in_o it_o now_o let_v the_o time_n of_o the_o moderate_a constitution_n of_o the_o air_n or_o at_o that_o time_n at_o who_o temperature_n you_o will_v compare_v the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n of_o the_o other_o day_n and_o at_o that_o time_n let_v the_o water_n be_v pour_v into_o the_o vessel_n so_o it_o will_v happen_v that_o the_o air_n become_v more_o frigid_a scheme_n sec_n scheme_n the_o water_n will_v ascend_v upward_o beyond_o f_o because_o that_o the_o air_n be_v condensated_a with_o cold_a which_o before_o fill_v up_o the_o space_n f_o a_n now_o possess_v less_o space_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o air_n be_v render_v more_o hot_a the_o water_n will_v descend_v from_o f_o towards_o l_o because_o that_o the_o
to_o revenge_v this_o affront_n he_o put_v to_o sea_n at_o his_o own_o expense_n with_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o soldier_n and_o eighty_o mariner_n land_v in_o florida_n and_o with_o the_o aid_n of_o those_o of_o the_o country_n who_o affect_v the_o french_a retake_v caroline_n from_o the_o spaniard_n with_o two_o other_o fort_n which_o they_o have_v new_o build_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v hang_v on_o the_o same_o tree_n whereon_o they_o have_v hang_v the_o french_a raze_v the_o fort_n and_o return_v into_o france_n in_o 1568_o where_o he_o have_v no_o small_a trouble_n to_o clear_v himself_o for_o his_o exploit_n florida_n the_o fertility_n of_o florida_n florida_n be_v between_o the_o twenty_o five_o or_o thirty_o and_o forty_o degree_n of_o septentrional_a latitude_n the_o country_n can_v choose_v but_o be_v good_a their_o wood_n and_o forest_n be_v well_o clothe_v with_o tree_n as_o lofty_a cedar_n large_a oak_n cyprus_n and_o bays_n tree_n of_o a_o large_a proportion_n also_o great_a store_n of_o that_o wood_n call_v by_o the_o french_a sassafras_n as_o also_o another_o tree_n call_v esquine_n the_o bark_n of_o which_o tree_n be_v a_o excellent_a remedy_n for_o many_o distemper_n especial_o the_o french_a disease_n and_o in_o these_o forest_n and_o wood_n be_v find_v all_o sort_n of_o beast_n and_o fowl_n the_o country_n be_v well_o store_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o fruit_n as_o grape_n cherry_n plumb_n mulberry_n chestnut_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v enrich_v with_o mine_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n but_o in_o no_o great_a plenty_n nor_o much_o regard_v by_o the_o native_n it_o be_v well_o water_v with_o fresh_a stream_n which_o be_v store_v with_o variety_n of_o fish_n and_o crocodile_n which_o they_o eat_v they_o have_v all_o sort_n of_o fowl_n and_o venison_n as_o we_o have_v the_o people_n be_v of_o a_o olive-colour_n great_a stature_n etc._n its_o inhabitant_n as_o to_o their_o stature_n habit_n custom_n etc._n etc._n but_o well_o proportion_v their_o hair_n be_v black_a which_o they_o wear_v very_o long_o their_o woman_n do_v far_o exceed_v other_o adjacent_a nation_n in_o handsomeness_n which_o make_v they_o much_o desire_v by_o stranger_n and_o their_o shape_n and_o beauty_n be_v more_o discernible_a in_o that_o they_o go_v naked_a till_o their_o purgation_n and_o afterward_o only_o they_o make_v use_v of_o skin_n of_o beast_n take_v in_o hunt_v which_o they_o embellish_v with_o feather_n of_o divers_a colour_n which_o they_o tie_v about_o their_o waist_n and_o hang_v down_o to_o their_o knee_n only_o to_o hide_v their_o privity_n and_o their_o arm_n back_o breast_n knee_n and_o other_o part_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o sight_n be_v stain_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o painting_n not_o to_o be_v wash_v off_o which_o be_v esteem_v a_o great_a ornament_n among_o they_o they_o bear_v some_o reverence_n to_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n they_o be_v account_v very_o crafty_a cunning_a deceitful_a revengeful_a and_o much_o addict_v to_o war_n their_o arm_n be_v bow_n and_o arrow_n as_o be_v almost_o all_o the_o american_n they_o know_v the_o nature_n of_o their_o herb_n and_o have_v flower_n of_o fine_a colour_n they_o pass_v a_o part_n of_o the_o year_n in_o the_o wood_n where_o they_o live_v on_o hunt_v and_o part_n near_o the_o lake_n river_n and_o sea_n where_o they_o fish_v they_o have_v a_o custom_n among_o they_o that_o be_v the_o woman_n when_o their_o husband_n die_v do_v cut_v of_o their_o hair_n and_o strew_v it_o on_o his_o sepulchre_n and_o be_v restrain_v from_o marry_v again_o till_o their_o hair_n be_v long_o enough_o to_o cover_v their_o shoulder_n the_o country_n yield_v great_a plenty_n of_o mayz_n which_o be_v their_o natural_a bread_n which_o they_o sow_v and_o reap_v twice_o in_o one_o year_n this_o grain_n they_o gather_v and_o put_v into_o public_a place_n and_o distribute_v it_o to_o every_o family_n as_o occasion_n require_v fish_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o whale_n fish_v their_o whale_n fish_v be_v make_v with_o a_o cunning_a and_o boldness_n which_o those_o of_o europe_n dare_v not_o attempt_v the_o fisherman_n have_v discover_v one_o enter_v into_o his_o canott_n then_o leap_v upon_o his_o back_n and_o there_o ride_v take_v his_o time_n to_o plunge_v a_o stick_n into_o one_o of_o his_o nostril_n and_o what_o ever_o endeavour_v he_o use_v though_o he_o plunge_v under_o water_n he_o hold_v fast_o and_o expect_v his_o rise_n fasten_v another_o stick_n on_o the_o other_o side_n and_o then_o retire_v with_o a_o cord_n fasten_v to_o these_o stick_n the_o whale_n not_o able_a to_o breath_n grow_v weak_a and_o then_o by_o little_a and_o little_a he_o draw_v it_o to_o the_o shore_n where_o assist_v by_o his_o companion_n he_o cut_v it_o in_o piece_n dry_v it_o to_o make_v flower_n and_o of_o that_o flower_n bread_n which_o last_v a_o long_a time_n the_o people_n of_o florida_n be_v govern_v by_o their_o paraousti_n who_o lead_v they_o to_o war_n where_o they_o kill_v the_o man_n but_o preserve_v the_o woman_n and_o child_n they_o have_v their_o jovona_n or_o sacrificer_n who_o serve_v as_o physician_n and_o to_o who_o they_o bear_v honour_n their_o paraousti_n be_v dead_a be_v inter_v with_o many_o ceremony_n live_v be_v much_o fear_v and_o obey_v they_o have_v many_o wife_n among_o which_o one_o be_v esteem_v the_o chief_a who_o child_n may_v hope_v for_o the_o charge_n and_o dignity_n of_o their_o father_n the_o house_n of_o paraousti_n ovade_v when_o captain_n albert_n be_v there_o to_o beg_v of_o he_o some_o provision_n beside_o divers_a moveable_n and_o ornament_n be_v hang_v as_o high_a as_o a_o pike_n length_n with_o tapestry_n make_v of_o rare_a feather_n and_o of_o most_o beautiful_a colour_n compose_v of_o such_o artifice_n that_o they_o be_v worth_a the_o most_o part_n of_o we_o the_o coverlid_n of_o his_o bed_n be_v white_a tissued_a in_o divers_a copartiment_n and_o with_o a_o fringe_n of_o scarlet_n about_o it_o florida_n river_n in_o florida_n river_n of_o most_o note_n in_o florida_n be_v 1._o rio_n de_fw-fr flores_n 2._o rio_n de_fw-fr spirito_n sancto_fw-it 3._o rio_n de_fw-fr neives_n 4._o rio_n grande_n 5._o rio_n secco_n 6._o rio_n garunna_n 7._o rio_n charente_n 8._o rio_n axona_n and_o some_o other_o to_n chief_a to_n chief_a town_n or_o rather_o cottage_n in_o florida_n be_v 1._o st._n helen_n on_o a_o promontory_a so_o name_v 2._o port_n royal_a a_o good_a and_o well_o frequent_v haven_n seat_v on_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o river_n so_o name_v 3._o st._n matthews_n 4._o st._n augustine_n 5._o st._n philip_n 6._o st._n jago_n once_o if_o not_o at_o present_a possess_v and_o fortify_v by_o the_o spaniard_n with_o some_o other_o of_o less_o note_n the_o isle_n of_o bermudes_n east_n of_o virginia_n and_o florida_n we_o have_v the_o isle_n of_o bermude_n so_o call_v from_o john_n bermudes_n a_o spaniard_n by_o who_o it_o be_v first_o discover_v also_o call_v the_o summer-island_n from_o the_o shipwreck_n which_o one_o sir_n george_n summer_n a_o englishman_n there_o suffer_v it_o be_v about_o 15_o or_o 1600_o league_n from_o england_n 400_o from_o hispaniola_n and_o only_o 300_o from_o the_o near_a coast_n of_o virginia_n and_o florida_n of_o these_o isle_n the_o great_a call_v st._n george_n part_n its_o part_n be_v five_o or_o six_o league_n long_o and_o almost_o throughout_o not_o above_o a_o quarter_n three_o or_o half_o a_o league_n broad_a the_o other_o be_v much_o less_o all_o together_o make_v a_o body_n which_o form_n a_o crescent_n and_o enclose_v very_o good_a port_n as_o those_o of_o southampton_n harrington_n paget_n the_o great_a sound_n dover_n and_o warwick_n air._n it_o be_v air._n the_o air_n be_v almost_o always_o serene_a sometime_o moist_a and_o hot_a but_o very_o healthful_a agree_v well_o with_o the_o english_a body_n who_o have_v here_o at_o divers_a time_n settle_v and_o establish_v a_o fair_a and_o powerful_a colony_n and_o have_v strong_o fortify_v the_o approach_n which_o at_o present_a be_v very_o difficult_a and_o the_o earth_n be_v exceed_o fertile_a yield_v two_o crop_n a_o year_n fertile_a the_o earth_n fertile_a their_o mayz_n they_o gather_v in_o july_n and_o december_n they_o have_v excellent_a fruit_n as_o orange_n date_n mulberry_n etc._n etc._n they_o have_v plenty_n of_o tortoise_n which_o be_v their_o ordinary_a food_n and_o the_o hog_n which_o the_o spaniard_n former_o carry_v thither_o be_v excellent_a and_o much_o increase_v they_o have_v many_o sea-bird_n and_o other_o '_o fowl_n they_o have_v no_o fresh_a water_n but_o that_o of_o well_n and_o pit_n there_o be_v neither_o fountain_n nor_o stream_n in_o these_o island_n they_o have_v no_o venomous_a beast_n their_o spider_n not_o be_v poisonous_a but_o of_o sundry_a and_o various_a colour_n here_o no_o venomous_a beast_n here_o and_o in_o the_o hot_a
those_o under_o the_o seven_o which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o moon_n pass_v through_o germany_n the_o low_a country_n and_o england_n which_o say_v planet_n have_v their_o operation_n or_o influence_n on_o the_o inhabitant_n dwell_v under_o each_o of_o the_o say_a clime_n so_o that_o although_o the_o glorious_a and_o eternal_a luminary_n of_o heaven_n have_v a_o efficacious_a operation_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v a_o far_o great_a prevalency_n see_v that_o through_o the_o various_a situation_n of_o hill_n and_o valley_n we_o experimental_o find_v more_o great_a and_o different_a effect_n of_o the_o celestial_a ray_n which_o be_v also_o contemporate_v by_o the_o river_n and_o lake_n this_o can_v be_v deny_v by_o no_o man_n that_o nature_n be_v admirable_a in_o her_o work_n sometime_o as_o it_o be_v on_o set_v purpose_n delude_v the_o curiosity_n of_o humane_a wisdom_n by_o recede_v from_o the_o ordinary_a law_n of_o cause_n who_o can_v render_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n of_o that_o which_o be_v testify_v by_o mariner_n concern_v the_o region_n of_o maliapur_n in_o which_o be_v seat_v calicut_n a_o exceed_o high_a mountain_n top_v the_o cloud_n divide_v this_o province_n throughout_o and_o end_v in_o a_o promontory_n which_o be_v now_o call_v comorium_n which_o although_o it_o have_v the_o same_o altitude_n of_o the_o pole_n yet_o when_o the_o winter_n rage_v and_o the_o water_n swell_v on_o the_o one_o side_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o field_n and_o town_n be_v scorch_a with_o excessive_a heat_n and_o the_o sea_n calm_a wherefore_o this_o diversity_n which_o be_v discover_v in_o the_o climate_n the_o situation_n of_o province_n contemporation_n of_o the_o air_n and_o element_n do_v various_o discriminate_a the_o constitution_n of_o man_n and_o those_o constitution_n their_o nature_n for_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o mind_n follow_v the_o temperament_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o body_n the_o septentrional_a or_o northern_a people_n be_v remote_a from_o the_o sun_n and_o by_o consequence_n inhabit_v in_o cold_a country_n be_v sanguine_a robu_v full_a of_o valour_n and_o animosity_n hence_o they_o have_v always_o be_v victorious_a and_o predominant_a over_o the_o meridional_a or_o southern_a nation_n as_o the_o assyrian_n over_o the_o chaldean_n the_o mede_n over_o the_o assyrian_n the_o parthian_n over_o the_o grecian_n the_o turk_n over_o the_o arabian_n the_o goths_z over_o the_o german_n the_o romans_z over_o the_o african_n and_o the_o english_a over_o the_o french_z they_o love_v freedom_n and_o liberty_n as_o those_o also_o do_v which_o be_v mountaineer_n as_o the_o helvetian_o grison_n and_o cantabrians_n the_o nation_n proximate_v to_o the_o sun_n have_v their_o blood_n whole_o exsiccate_v by_o immoderate_a heat_n hence_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o place_n be_v melancholy_a and_o profound_a in_o the_o penetrate_a of_o the_o secret_n of_o nature_n for_o all_o the_o northern_a nation_n receive_v the_o mystery_n of_o the_o science_n from_o the_o egyptian_n and_o arabian_n the_o province_n which_o be_v immediate_o between_o both_o torrid_a zone_n enjoy_v a_o a_o benign_a heaven_n so_o that_o they_o flourish_n in_o religion_n justice_n and_o prudence_n the_o mutation_n of_o government_n the_o transmigration_n and_o emission_n of_o colony_n converse_n matrimony_n war_n and_o peace_n also_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o celestial_a sphere_n which_o drive_v from_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o zodiac_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n the_o heavenly_a image_n on_o these_o inferior_a body_n do_v change_n and_o alter_v the_o habit_n manner_n and_o also_o nature_n itself_o if_o we_o have_v recourse_n unto_o history_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o german_n note_v of_o old_a for_o lofty_a mind_n and_o the_o italian_n on_o the_o contrary_a too_o abject_a and_o low_a which_o difference_n now_o can_v be_v discern_v nation_n have_v sway_v and_o be_v predominate_a by_o turn_n and_o as_o long_o as_o the_o monarchy_n have_v have_v duration_n among_o they_o virtue_n have_v flourish_v art_n and_o arm_n have_v go_v hand_n in_o hand_n which_o afterward_o with_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v be_v smother_v in_o its_o ash_n and_o receive_v vivification_n in_o another_o place_n yet_o notwithstanding_o these_o obstacle_n every_o nation_n have_v certain_a propension_n and_o fix_a affection_n appropriate_v to_o every_o one_o which_o will_v adhere_v to_o foreigner_n if_o that_o they_o long_o remain_v among_o they_o the_o intelligent_a reader_n who_o desire_v a_o knowledge_n in_o these_o and_o other_o particular_n with_o a_o throughout_o prospect_n of_o the_o utility_n of_o cosmography_n and_o geography_n may_v consult_v the_o work_n itself_o richard_z blome_n the_o content_n of_o the_o section_n and_o chapter_n general_z geography_n which_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o iii_o part_n 1._o the_o absolute_a part_n divide_v into_o five_o section_n the_o first_o section_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v foreknow_v chap._n 1._o of_o the_o precognita_n pag._n 1_o ch._n 2._o thing_n necessary_a to_o geometry_n and_o trigonometry_n p._n 6_o the_o second_o section_n explain_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n chap._n 3._o of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n p._n 11_o chap._n 4._o of_o the_o dimension_n and_o magnitude_n of_o the_o same_o 15_o chap._n 5._o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o same_o p._n 23_o chap._n 6._o of_o its_o place_n in_o the_o system_fw-la of_o the_o world_n p._n 27_o chap._n 7._o of_o its_o substance_n and_o constitution_n p._n 30_o the_o three_o section_n in_o which_o the_o constitution_n and_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v explain_v chap._n 8._o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o water_n p._n 35_o chap._n 9_o of_o mountain_n in_o general_a p._n 40_o chap._n 10._o of_o the_o difference_n of_o mountain_n p._n 46_o chap._n 11._o of_o wood_n desert_n and_o mine_n p._n 54_o the_o four_o section_n of_o hydrography_n in_o which_o the_o water_n and_o their_o property_n be_v explain_v chap._n 12._o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o ocean_n throughout_o the_o earth_n p._n 57_o chap._n 13._o of_o the_o ocean_n and_o its_o part_n p._n 65_o chap._n 14._o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n especial_o of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n p._n 83_o chap._n 15._o of_o lake_n pool_n and_o marsh_n p._n 102_o chap._n 16._o of_o river_n p._n 108_o chap._n 17._o of_o mineral_n water_n bath_n spaw_n etc._n etc._n p._n 130_o chap._n 18._o of_o the_o mutation_n of_o dry_a place_n into_o watery_a and_o the_o contrary_a p._n 142_o the_o five_o section_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o wind_n chap._n 19_o of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o air_n p._n 154_o chap._n 20._o of_o the_o wind_n in_o general_a p._n 179_o chap._n 21._o of_o the_o difference_n of_o wind_n and_o of_o they_o in_o particular_a p._n 187_o 2._o the_o respective_a part_n explain_v the_o celestial_a affection_n chap._n 22._o of_o the_o celestial_a affection_n in_o general_a p._n 2â—3_n ch._n 23._o of_o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n and_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n p._n 207_o chap._n 24._o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o zone_n p._n 213_o chap._n 25._o of_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o day_n and_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o climate_n p._n 220_o chap._n 26._o of_o the_o light_n heatt_z cold_a rains_n with_o other_o property_n of_o the_o zone_n according_a to_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n p._n 231_o chap._n 27._o of_o shadow_n and_o the_o division_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o shadow_n p._n 259_o chap._n 28._o of_o the_o comparation_n of_o the_o celestial_a affection_n in_o divers_a place_n where_o be_v treat_v concern_v the_o antoeci_n perioeci_n and_o antipode_n p._n 269_o chap._n 29._o of_o the_o diversity_n of_o time_n in_o divers_a place_n p._n 275_o chap._n 30._o of_o the_o divers_a rise_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n and_o of_o the_o other_o appearance_n p._n 280_o 3._o the_o comparative_a part_n consider_v the_o affection_n which_o do_v arise_v from_o the_o compare_v of_o one_o place_n to_o another_o chap._n 31._o of_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n p._n 291_o chap._n 32._o of_o the_o situation_n of_o place_n one_o to_o another_o p._n 309_o chap._n 33._o of_o the_o mutual_a distance_n of_o place_n p._n 335_o chap._n 34._o of_o the_o visible_a horizon_n p._n 342_o chap._n 35._o of_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n in_o general_n and_o of_o the_o building_n of_o ship_n p._n 344_o chap._n 36._o of_o the_o lade_n or_o ballace_v of_o ship_n p._n 345_o chap._n 37._o of_o the_o directory_n of_o the_o nautick_a art_n in_o the_o first_o part_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o distance_n p._n 347_o chap._n 38._o thâ—â—â—â—ond_a part_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o quarter_n p._n 348_o chap._n 39_o the_o three_o part_n of_o histiodromia_n or_o the_o course_n of_o a_o ship_n p._n 353_o chap._n 40._o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o
of_o the_o same_o day_n after_o the_o sun_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n before_o the_o sun_n may_v be_v see_v i_o forbear_v to_o bring_v hither_o any_o more_o appearance_n but_o they_o be_v the_o principal_a from_o which_o i_o think_v a_o argument_n of_o great_a moment_n may_v be_v fetch_v for_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n when_o as_o by_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o may_v be_v so_o commodious_o declare_v that_o it_o shall_v rather_o be_v admire_v if_o the_o earth_n can_v not_o be_v move_v by_o such_o evident_a appearance_n these_o be_v the_o easy_a argument_n by_o which_o the_o copernican_n will_v evince_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o although_o they_o be_v not_o demonstrative_a yet_o they_o make_v this_o hypothesis_n more_o probable_a than_o that_o which_o determine_v the_o heaven_n to_o be_v move_v for_o one_o of_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v admit_v ptolomaians_n the_o reason_n of_o â—ome_o against_o the_o move_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o ptolomaians_n but_o these_o reason_n which_o some_o man_n to_o wit_n the_o ptolomaians_n allege_v to_o the_o contrary_a be_v easy_o dissolve_v which_o be_v these_o first_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v unfitting_a for_o motion_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o ponderosity_n second_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v natural_o move_v with_o a_o strait_a motion_n to_o the_o centre_n therefore_o a_o circular_a motion_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n thereof_o three_o if_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v move_v a_o stone_n cast_v down_o from_o a_o tower_n can_v not_o fall_v to_o the_o foot_n thereof_o four_o a_o bullet_n shoot_v out_o of_o a_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n towards_o the_o east_n at_o some_o mark_n it_o can_v not_o come_v home_o to_o it_o or_o hit_v it_o if_o the_o mark_n with_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o east_n or_o at_o least_o the_o hit_v the_o mark_n shall_v be_v more_o swift_a than_o if_o the_o bullet_n be_v shoot_v towards_o the_o east_n five_o neither_o the_o tower_n nor_o building_n can_v stand_v steadfast_a but_o will_v fall_v by_o reason_n of_o that_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n neither_o can_v man_n be_v without_o giidiness_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o whirl_a about_o of_o the_o earth_n six_o because_o we_o see_v that_o the_o star_n change_v their_o place_n but_o not_o the_o earth_n seven_o because_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o move_v eight_o because_o the_o holy_a scripture_n do_v confirm_v the_o stability_n or_o steadfastness_n of_o the_o earth_n copernican_n the_o aforesaid_a reason_n of_o the_o ptolomaians_n answer_v by_o the_o copernican_n yet_o indeed_o the_o copernican_n to_o these_o argument_n use_v to_o answer_v after_o this_o manner_n to_o the_o first_o they_o answer_v deny_v the_o whole_a earth_n to_o be_v heavy_a for_o ponderosity_n be_v a_o tendency_n of_o the_o part_n to_o their_o whole_a homogeneous_a of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o such_o a_o heaviness_n be_v also_o discover_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o neither_o the_o sun_n nor_o moon_n be_v say_v to_o be_v heavy_a to_o the_o second_o they_o answer_v that_o that_o right_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o the_o circular_a motion_n thereof_o do_v not_o hinder_v the_o straight_o carry_v of_o those_o part_n which_o be_v evidence_v by_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n to_o the_o three_o argument_n they_o reply_v in_o a_o threefold_a manner_n first_o that_o such_o heavy_a thing_n be_v not_o primary_o carry_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o be_v bear_v by_o a_o very_a short_a line_n to_o the_o superficies_n thereof_o as_o iron_n tend_v not_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o loadstone_n but_o to_o the_o loadstone_n second_o the_o whole_a air_n cleave_v to_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v move_v together_o with_o she_o therefore_o all_o such_o heavy_a thing_n be_v throw_v together_o downward_o get_v this_o circular_a motion_n and_o be_v move_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o vessel_n and_o three_o therein_o the_o opinion_n of_o gassendus_fw-la therein_o gassendus_fw-la by_o frequent_a experience_n have_v demonstrate_v that_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v cast_v from_o a_o move_a body_n that_o which_o be_v so_o cast_v be_v also_o move_v with_o that_o motion_n of_o the_o move_v body_n as_o for_o example_n a_o stone_n throw_v down_o from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mast_n of_o a_o ship_n move_v most_o swift_o be_v nevertheless_o not_o leave_v by_o the_o ship_n but_o fall_v down_o to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mast_n and_o from_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mast_n a_o bullet_n be_v shoot_v perpendicular_o out_o of_o a_o hand-gun_n fall_v again_o perpendicular_o therefore_o the_o allege_a objection_n be_v nothing_o worth_a to_o the_o four_o reason_n they_o answer_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o unto_o the_o three_o to_o the_o five_o they_o say_v that_o some_o such_o thing_n have_v no_o place_n because_o the_o motion_n be_v equal_a neither_o do_v it_o dash_v against_o another_o body_n and_o the_o building_n as_o it_o be_v heavy_a body_n and_o homogeneous_a or_o of_o like_a to_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v as_o in_o a_o ship_n for_o we_o find_v in_o a_o ship_n move_v very_o swift_o or_o slow_o the_o body_n set_v upright_o therein_o be_v not_o overthrow_v yea_o cup_n and_o pot_n full_a of_o wine_n or_o other_o liquor_n shed_v nothing_o thereof_o at_o all_o to_o the_o six_o we_o say_v that_o the_o change_n of_o the_o star_n place_n be_v not_o perceive_v but_o we_o find_v the_o change_n of_o their_o situation_n in_o respect_n of_o ourselves_o but_o this_o mutation_n of_o position_n may_v be_v observe_v and_o be_v whether_o we_o be_v move_v with_o the_o earth_n or_o the_o star_n be_v move_v we_o be_v steadfast_a or_o also_o both_o we_o and_o the_o star_n in_o the_o seven_o objection_n both_o the_o major_a and_o minor_a proposition_n be_v false_a or_o at_o least_o doubtful_a to_o the_o eight_o they_o reply_v first_o that_o the_o holy_a scripiure_fw-fr in_o physical_a or_o natural_a thing_n do_v speak_v according_a to_o appearance_n and_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o vulgar_a for_o example_n when_o the_o moon_n with_o the_o sun_n be_v call_v a_o great_a light_n because_o it_o be_v create_v to_o give_v light_n to_o the_o night_n moon_n of_o the_o moon_n whenas_o indeed_o the_o moon_n be_v not_o great_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o star_n and_o earth_n neither_o have_v she_o any_o light_n of_o she_o own_o proper_a nature_n nor_o do_v she_o give_v light_a in_o all_o night_n to_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o scripture_n say_v sun_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o the_o sun_n go_v to_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o he_o return_v to_o that_o end_n again_o when_o as_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v no_o such_o end_n or_o furthermost_a part_n so_o in_o the_o book_n of_o job_n a_o plane_n and_o square_a figure_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o earth_n under_o who_o pillar_n be_v set_v upon_o which_o it_o lean_v which_o indeed_o must_v not_o at_o all_o be_v so_o understand_v as_o the_o very_a vulgar_a well_o know_v there_o may_v more_o place_n be_v allege_v hither_o but_o these_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o holy_a scripture_n be_v not_o give_v to_o we_o thereby_o to_o play_v the_o philosopher_n but_o to_o practise_v piety_n second_o certain_a place_n of_o scripture_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v allege_v which_o speak_v not_o concern_v the_o immobility_n thereof_o but_o concern_v its_o constancy_n and_o durance_n as_o that_o place_n which_o we_o have_v bring_v hither_o out_o of_o job_n thus_o have_v we_o brief_o declare_v of_o what_o sort_n the_o motion_n may_v be_v which_o the_o copernican_n ascribe_v to_o the_o earth_n of_o which_o a_o more_o exquisite_a explication_n be_v usual_o give_v in_o astronomy_n but_o that_o be_v suppose_v all_o those_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v consider_v in_o a_o globe_n turn_v round_o about_o globe_n of_o the_o axil_n pole_n periphery_n parallel_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o globe_n to_o wit_n the_o axil_n about_o which_o it_o be_v turn_v be_v one_o of_o the_o diameter_n the_o pole_n be_v the_o extremity_n or_o two_o point_n which_o be_v not_o move_v the_o great_a circle_n or_o periphery_n according_a to_o which_o the_o circumrotation_n or_o wheel_v about_o be_v make_v and_o its_o parallel_n now_o let_v we_o see_v concern_v the_o swiftness_n of_o that_o motion_n the_o first_o motion_n by_o which_o the_o earth_n be_v turn_v round_o about_o his_o axil_n can_v be_v see_v and_o consider_v in_o the_o whole_a earth_n at_o once_o etc._n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n its_o difference_n swiftness_n etc._n etc._n but_o in_o divers_a
precopensis_n cambaja_n long_o among_o which_o be_v the_o chersonesus_n of_o malacca_n adjoin_v to_o india_n cimbrica_n or_o jutland_n adhere_v to_o holsatia_n borea_fw-la adjoin_v to_o tartary_n the_o north_n and_o south_n part_n of_o america_n california_n jucatan_n the_o chersonesus_n of_o thracia_n nova_fw-la francia_n jonia_n cindensis_n mindensis_fw-la of_o affinity_n to_o peninsulas_fw-la italy_n greece_n acaia_n spain_n norway_n sweden_n lapland_n asia_n minor_fw-la arabia_n beach_n a_o region_n of_o magellan_n and_o new_a guiney_n indostan_n cochinchina_n new-england_n monomotapa_n camboia_n 3._o island_n which_o may_v be_v consider_v in_o four_o sort_n viz._n great_a as_o england_n japan_n island_n canada_n sumatra_n madagascar_n borneo_n nova_fw-la zembla_n california_n indifferent_a as_o sicilia_n ireland_n hispaniola_n cuba_n java_n major_a celebe_n crect_n luconia_n sardinia_n friesland_n terra_fw-la nova_fw-la mindanoa_n ceilan_n small_a as_o gilolo_n amboina_fw-la timor_fw-la corsica_n majorca_n cyprus_n negropont_n sealand_n jamaica_n the_o very_a small_a one_o in_o which_o we_o consider_v 1._o the_o more_o famous_a solitaria_fw-la rhodes_n malta_n lemnos_n helena_n st._n thomas_n 2._o a_o knot_n or_o heap_v of_o isle_n together_o as_o the_o canary_n isles_n the_o flandrian_a or_o caribbe_n isle_n the_o hesperides_n those_o of_o the_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n of_o maldives_n of_o japan_n about_o madagascar_n the_o moluccoe_n and_o isle_n of_o bauda_n the_o philippine_n isle_n the_o isle_n of_o thief_n the_o isle_n in_o the_o aegean_a sea_n the_o isle_n about_o england_n the_o isle_n of_o solomon_n 4._o the_o isthmuse_n between_o egypt_n and_o arabia_n or_o africa_n and_o asia_n that_o of_o corinth_n between_o peloponesus_fw-la and_o achaia_n the_o isthmus_n of_o panama_n or_o america_n the_o long_a of_o all_o between_o jutland_n and_o holsatia_n between_o malacca_n and_o india_n of_o absolute_a geography_n sect_n iii_o wherein_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o land_n or_o the_o dry_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o four_o chapter_n be_v declare_v chap._n viii_o concern_v the_o natural_a division_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n make_v from_o the_o ocean_n flow_v round_o about_o it_o the_o thing_n which_o in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v deliver_v concern_v the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n we_o shall_v teach_v touch_v the_o division_n of_o the_o sea_n will_v great_o facilitate_v the_o young_a student_n in_o the_o understanding_n the_o distinction_n of_o the_o surface_n and_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o to_o fix_v they_o the_o fast_o in_o the_o memory_n they_o be_v careful_o and_o full_o to_o be_v read_v and_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o terrestrial_a artificial_a globe_n and_o map_n proposition_n i._n a_o certain_a portion_n of_o earth_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n and_o a_o certain_a part_n stand_v out_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n water_n of_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n cover_v and_o of_o part_n not_o cover_v with_o water_n but_o yet_o there_o be_v some_o part_n which_o at_o some_o time_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n and_o some_o part_n be_v free_a from_o they_o and_o conspicuous_a as_o many_o island_n by_o norway_n scotland_n and_o other_o country_n add_v to_o these_o the_o bed_n or_o shelf_n of_o sand_n and_o seashore_n but_o see_v these_o part_n be_v so_o small_a we_o take_v no_o account_n of_o they_o at_o present_a neither_o will_v we_o move_v that_o question_n here_o whether_o the_o land_n take_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o whether_o the_o water_n we_o will_v treat_v of_o this_o brief_o in_o the_o eighteen_o chapter_n now_o we_o will_v confider_v the_o part_n stand_v up_o or_o extant_a above_o the_o water_n and_o we_o will_v call_v it_o land_n or_o island_n proposition_n ii_o sort_n the_o earth_n stand_v out_o above_o the_o water_n not_o one_o but_o many_o land_n of_o which_o may_v be_v five_o sort_n the_o land_n or_o earth_n stand_v out_o above_o the_o water_n be_v not_o one_o and_o continual_a but_o many_o land_n divide_v and_o disjoin_v from_o one_o another_o by_o the_o water_n flow_v it_o between_o they_o we_o will_v make_v five_o difference_n of_o they_o to_o wit_n 1._o the_o great_a land_n or_o island_n 2._o the_o great_a one_o 3._o the_o mean_a one_o 4._o the_o little_a one_o and_o 5._o the_o least_o one_o we_o will_v treat_v of_o the_o cause_n and_o original_n of_o these_o land_n extant_a or_o above_o the_o water_n or_o of_o the_o island_n in_o the_o eighteen_o chapter_n for_o there_o will_v be_v a_o more_o commodious_a place_n to_o treat_v of_o this_o matter_n or_o subject_n but_o all_o land_n extant_a above_o the_o water_n be_v to_o be_v call_v island_n see_v that_o a_o island_n be_v no_o other_o thing_n then_o a_o land_n begird_v with_o water_n island_n all_o land_n extant_a above_o the_o water_n may_v be_v call_v island_n yet_o the_o common_a use_n of_o speak_v have_v take_v away_o from_o the_o great_a land_n this_o name_n because_o that_o they_o be_v so_o great_a and_o of_o such_o a_o huge_a tract_n and_o continuance_n that_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o water_n be_v thereby_o the_o less_o to_o be_v perceive_v insomuch_o that_o they_o be_v usual_o call_v the_o firm_a land_n and_o also_o great_a continent_n and_o indeed_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o vast_a bulk_n and_o greatness_n unto_o which_o the_o magnitude_n of_o other_o island_n be_v compare_v be_v small_a they_o deserve_v this_o peculiar_a name_n therefore_o we_o will_v also_o call_v they_o firm_a land_n and_o great_a continent_n proposition_n iii_o four_o the_o firm_a land_n four_o the_o great_a land_n continent_n or_o island_n not_o contend_v with_o any_o about_o their_o name_n be_v four_o first_o the_o old_a world_n second_o the_o new_a world_n or_o america_n three_o the_o polar_a land_n arctic_a or_o arctic_a world_n and_o four_o the_o south-land_n or_o magellanick_n land_n etc._n the_o old_a world_n most_o famous_a with_o its_o bound_n etc._n etc._n the_o old_a world_n the_o most_o famous_a of_o those_o four_o and_o only_o know_v of_o the_o ancient_n which_o we_o inhabit_v be_v common_o divide_v by_o the_o sea_n into_o two_o part_n but_o join_v together_o by_o a_o isthmus_n or_o narrow_a neck_n of_o land_n one_o whereof_o be_v africa_n and_o the_o other_o asia_n and_o europe_n it_o be_v environ_v by_o the_o ocean_n in_o this_o manner_n from_o the_o east_n by_o the_o chinean_a ocean_n and_o the_o pacifick_n sea_n from_o the_o south_n by_o the_o indian_a ocean_n and_o aethiopick_n sea_n from_o the_o west_n by_o the_o atlantic_a sea_n and_o from_o the_o north_n by_o the_o freeze_a or_o north_n sea_n the_o white_a sea_n and_o tartarian_a ocean_n the_o division_n of_o this_o continent_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v be_v make_v by_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o the_o arabic_a bay_n or_o red-sea_n europe_n africa_n divide_v from_o asia_n and_o europe_n for_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o bay_n that_o be_v the_o latitude_n or_o breadth_n of_o the_o intercedent_a tract_n be_v not_o great_a than_o about_o 30_o mile_n if_o which_o be_v away_o africa_n will_v make_v a_o peculiar_a firm_a land_n and_o will_v increase_v the_o number_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o old_a world_n towards_o the_o east_n be_v but_o a_o very_a little_a space_n from_o the_o new_a world_n or_o america_n new_a the_o distance_n of_o the_o old_a world_n from_o the_o new_a about_o the_o straight_a of_o anian_n if_o only_o this_o be_v existent_a in_o the_o universe_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o distance_n of_o europe_n from_o america_n be_v also_o very_o little_a between_o norway_n and_o newfoundland_n also_o the_o old_a world_n be_v but_o a_o very_a small_a distance_n from_o the_o pole_n artick-land_n about_o the_o straight_a of_o waigat_n from_o the_o south_n polar_a or_o magellan_n about_o new_a guiney_n the_o new_a world_n or_o america_n be_v thus_o begird_v by_o the_o ocean_n on_o the_o east_n by_o the_o atlantic_a sea_n etc._n the_o new_a world_n with_o its_o bound_n etc._n etc._n on_o the_o south_n by_o the_o magellanick_n straight_o on_o the_o west_n by_o the_o pacifick_n sea_n and_o on_o the_o north_n by_o a_o sea_n unknown_a or_o uncertain_a except_o davis_n straight_o this_o world_n also_o want_v but_o little_a but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v cut_v into_o two_o island_n to_o wit_n at_o panama_n and_o nombre_n de_fw-fr dios_fw-es where_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o pacifick_n and_o atlantic_a ocean_n be_v by_o a_o small_a tract_n of_o earth_n intercept_v it_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o old_a world_n a_o very_a little_a space_n as_o before_o note_v etc._n the_o polar_a arctic_a and_o south_n land_n with_o its_o bound_n etc._n etc._n the_o polar_a arctic_a and_o the_o south_n or_o austral_a land_n be_v begird_v round_o with_o the_o sea_n the_o first_o with_o the_o north_n sea_n who_o part_n be_v
peninsula_n a_o peninsula_n a_o peninsula_n or_o chersonese_n that_o be_v such_o a_o tract_n of_o land_n that_o be_v almost_o encompass_v by_o the_o sea_n except_o at_o one_o only_a narrow_a place_n where_o with_o a_o strait_a neck_n of_o land_n call_v a_o isthmus_n it_o be_v knit_v to_o the_o main_a land_n isthmus_n a_o isthmus_n a_o isthmus_n be_v that_o narrow_a or_o strait_a neck_n of_o land_n that_o couple_n and_o join_v the_o peninsula_n to_o the_o continent_n or_o main-land_n and_o that_o by_o which_o we_o pass_v out_o of_o one_o broad_a land_n into_o another_o the_o peninsula_n chersonesuss_n or_o chersoneses_n that_o be_v run_v out_o land_n be_v these_o follow_v to_o wit_n 1._o italy_n 2._o spain_n 3._o part_v of_o england_n peninsula_n of_o land_n which_o be_v or_o may_v be_v term_v peninsula_n 4._o all_o greece_n and_o macedonia_n 5._o norway_n and_o swedeland_n with_o lapland_n 6._o asia_n minor_fw-la 7._o india_n 8._o camboia_n 9_o new_a guiney_n of_o the_o south-land_n 10._o beach_n a_o country_n of_o the_o same_o land_n 11._o part_v of_o virginia_n and_o new-england_n 12._o the_o tongue_n of_o africa_n etc._n etc._n proposition_n x._o ancient_n other_o land_n term_v peninsula_n the_o chersonese_n of_o the_o ancient_n we_o will_v number_v up_o further_o fourteen_o peninsula_n or_o chersonese_n and_o these_o we_o will_v divide_v into_o longish_n one_o and_o somewhat_o round_a one_o the_o longish_n one_o be_v first_o the_o golden_a chersonese_n of_o the_o ancient_n now_o call_v the_o malaccan_n chersonese_n and_o join_v to_o the_o indies_n 2._o the_o cymbrick_n chersonese_n now_o call_v jutland_n adjoin_v to_o holsatia_n 3._o california_n on_o the_o western_a side_n of_o north_n america_n near_o the_o sea_n vermejo_n but_o late_a observation_n report_v it_o to_o be_v a_o island_n 4._o new_a france_n on_o the_o eastern_a side_n of_o north_n america_n 5._o the_o jucatan_n chersonese_n in_o the_o bay_n of_o mexico_n 6._o the_o thracian_a chersonese_n on_o the_o hellespont_n 7._o the_o cassandrian_a chersonese_n by_o the_o bay_n of_o thessalonica_n in_o the_o grecian_a sea_n there_o be_v also_o certain_a peninsula_n less_o celebrious_a of_o the_o lesser_a asia_n to_o wit_n jonia_n or_o the_o smyrnensian_a peninsule_n 2._o the_o cnidensian_a or_o the_o country_n of_o doris_n and_o 3._o the_o mindensian_a peninsula_n concern_v corea_n it_o be_v doubtful_a whether_o it_o be_v a_o complete_a island_n or_o a_o peninsula_n some_o map_n join_v it_o to_o tartary_n some_o again_o begird_v it_o round_o with_o the_o sea_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o late_a observation_n make_v it_o a_o peninsule_n the_o somewhat_o round_a peninsula_n be_v 1._o africa_n herself_o a_o huge_a part_n of_o the_o old_a world_n be_v such_o a_o one_o it_o be_v environ_v with_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n the_o atlantic_a ocean_n the_o aethiopic_a indian_a and_o red-sea_n it_o stick_v fast_o to_o asia_n by_o a_o narrow_a tract_n of_o land_n at_o egypt_n 2._o three_o part_n of_o america_n to_o wit_n mexican_n and_o peru_n stick_v fast_o together_o at_o panama_n by_o a_o narrow_a passage_n of_o the_o earth_n 3._o peloponnesus_n now_o call_v the_o morea_n be_v part_n of_o greece_n 4._o taurick_v chersonese_n or_o peninsula_n in_o the_o euxine_a sea_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o fen_n maeotis_n now_o call_v the_o precopensian_a tartary_n 5._o cambaia_n in_o india_n proposition_n xi_o peninsula_n of_o the_o chief_a peninsula_n we_o reckon_v as_o many_o isthmuss_n as_o peninsula_n the_o more_o famous_a be_v five_o in_o number_n 1._o the_o isthmus_n between_o egypt_n and_o asia_n whereby_o africa_n join_v to_o asia_n 2._o the_o corinthian_a isthmus_n between_o peloponnesus_n and_o greece_n 3._o the_o panamensian_a isthmus_n between_o mexico_n america_n and_o peruvia_n 4._o the_o isthmus_n between_o the_o chersonesus_n aurea_n or_o golden_a chersonesus_n and_o the_o indies_n 5._o the_o isthmus_n of_o the_o taurick_n chersonese_n chap._n ix_o of_o mountain_n and_o hill_n in_o general_n hill_n of_o mountain_n and_o hill_n touch_v mountain_n very_o many_o thing_n worthy_a to_o be_v know_v in_o geography_n will_v here_o occur_v and_o meet_v we_o partly_o because_o they_o seem_v to_o hinder_v the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o partly_o because_o divers_a thing_n among_o renown_a author_n be_v here_o deliver_v concern_v they_o proposition_n i._n but_o a_o mountain_n or_o hill_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n rise_v aloft_o which_o if_o it_o be_v lesser_a be_v call_v a_o hillock_n or_o clift_n rock_n of_o promontory_n and_o rock_n also_o a_o promontory_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o hill_n or_o mountain_n run_v out_o at_o length_n into_o the_o sea_n rock_n be_v call_v part_n jut_v or_o appear_v forth_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o also_o arise_v up_o out_o of_o huge_a stony_a bulk_n or_o body_n but_o it_o must_v be_v general_o know_v that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o appear_v plain_a be_v not_o all_o of_o the_o same_o height_n but_o some_o be_v sink_v low_a especial_o at_o or_o near_o the_o sea_n shore_n insomuch_o as_o the_o height_n increase_v from_o maritine_n place_n or_o such_o as_o abutt_o upon_o the_o sea_n even_o to_o the_o inland_a region_n this_o also_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o fountain_n and_o flow_a stream_n of_o river_n for_o see_v that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o which_o the_o water_n flow_v be_v low_a than_o that_o from_o which_o it_o flow_v and_o that_o the_o fountain-head_n and_o spring_n of_o river_n be_v seldom_o in_o the_o inland_a place_n and_o such_o as_o be_v far_o remote_a from_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v clear_o manifest_a thereby_o that_o the_o inland_a place_n be_v more_o elevate_v than_o those_o adjoin_v to_o the_o sea_n coast_n seacoast_n inland_a place_n high_a than_o those_o near_o the_o seacoast_n so_o bohemia_n be_v high_a than_o holsatia_n which_o be_v perceive_v by_o the_o stream_a course_n of_o the_o river_n elbe_n which_o flow_v from_o bohemia_n to_o holsatia_n in_o like_a manner_n we_o take_v apparent_a sign_n and_o argument_n of_o the_o great_a height_n of_o inland_a place_n from_o the_o river_n danubius_n visurgis_n rhine_n mosa_n etc._n etc._n the_o swishers_n and_o rhetian_o country_n be_v judge_v by_o some_o man_n to_o be_v the_o high_a of_o all_o europe_n because_o the_o river_n rhine_n rouen_n and_o the_o great_a danou_n do_v flow_v and_o stream_n down_o from_o thence_o moreover_o look_v how_o great_a the_o declivity_n or_o bear_v downward_o of_o the_o river_n be_v so_o great_a be_v the_o height_n of_o the_o inland_a place_n above_o the_o maritine_n place_n proposition_n ii_o to_o find_v out_o the_o height_n of_o a_o mountain_n by_o geodesie_n or_o land-measuring_a common_o call_v survey_v this_o be_v perform_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n which_o we_o use_v in_o the_o search_n out_o the_o height_n of_o tower_n if_o so_o be_v the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n or_o hill_n be_v remarkable_a by_o some_o peculiar_a sign_n geodesie_n for_o the_o find_n out_o the_o height_n of_o a_o mountain_n by_o geodesie_n let_v a_o b_o be_v the_o mountain_n height_n a_o the_o foot_n b_o the_o conspicuous_a head_n thereof_o we_o will_v take_v the_o line_n f_o c_o by_o a_o mean_a distance_n from_o it_o so_o that_o neither_o of_o the_o angle_n a_o f_o c_o a_o c_o f_o may_v be_v make_v very_o acute_a but_o may_v in_o a_o manner_n be_v equal_a then_o let_v the_o angle_n a_o f_o c_o a_o c_o f_o be_v observe_v by_o a_o collimation_n or_o level_v with_o wink_v be_v make_v to_o b_o and_o these_o be_v subtract_v to_o 180_o degree_n the_o remain_a degree_n shall_v show_v forth_o the_o angle_n c_o a_o f._n after_o that_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o station_n of_o f_o c_o be_v exquisite_o to_o be_v measure_v scheme_n see_v scheme_n and_o let_v it_o be_v wrought_v as_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n f_o a_o c_o to_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n c_o f_o a_o or_o f_o c_o a_o if_o you_o will_v take_v f_o a_o so_o f_o c_o to_o a_o c_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o mountain_n from_o c._n then_o the_o instrument_n be_v hang_v up_o or_o place_v upright_o in_o c_z and_o level_v with_o the_o eye_n to_o b_o let_v the_o angle_n b_o c_o at_fw-fr be_v take_v and_o because_o the_o triangle_n c_o a_o b_o be_v strait_a angle_a to_o wit_n the_o angle_n b_o a_o c_o be_v strait_a therefore_o also_o the_o angle_n a_o b_o c_o of_o 90_o degree_n shall_v be_v give_v let_v it_o therefore_o be_v wrought_v by_o the_o triangle_n bac_n as_o the_o whole_a sign_n 10000000_o to_o the_o tangent_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n b_o c_o a_o so_o the_o distance_n a_o c_o to_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o the_o mountain_n a_o b._n xenagoras_n the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n olympus_n measure_v by_o xenagoras_n for_o example_n let_v we_o put_v it_o that_o
these_o be_v most_o note_v which_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o four_o kind_n viâ—â—_n sandy_n ericose_v stony_n and_o marish_a or_o boggy_a desert_n those_o that_o be_v ericose_v have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n here_o and_o there_o in_o many_o place_n wood_n and_o forest_n be_v the_o more_o useful_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v cultivate_v 1._o all_o the_o desert_n of_o africa_n be_v almost_o sandy_a neither_o be_v any_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n more_o pester_v with_o desert_n the_o great_a be_v find_v in_o lybia_n they_o also_o encompass_v all_o egypt_n 2._o the_o desert_n of_o arabia_n be_v partly_o sandy_a and_o partly_o stony_a but_o the_o most_o famous_a be_v that_o sandy_a desert_n in_o arabia_n term_v vulgar_o the_o sandy_a sea_n 3._o the_o desert_n of_o tartary_n about_o the_o mountain_n imaus_n also_o the_o desert_n belgian_n about_o the_o mogul_n where_o hitherto_o it_o have_v be_v though_o false_o believe_v that_o the_o rich_a kingdom_n of_o cathaie_n be_v seat_v 4._o the_o desert_n of_o camboia_n 5._o the_o desert_n of_o nova_n zembla_n which_o be_v rocky_a 6._o the_o desert_n of_o norway_n lapland_n sweden_n and_o finmarch_n 7._o all_o the_o desert_n of_o germany_n be_v ericose_v they_o term_v they_o even_o heide_n whence_o they_o call_v the_o desert_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o luneburgh_n 8._o the_o desert_n of_o america_n and_o the_o like_a of_o absolute_a geography_n sect_n iv_o contain_v the_o hydrography_n or_o the_o description_n of_o the_o water_n explain_v in_o six_o chapter_n chap._n xii_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o ocean_n throughout_o the_o earth_n ocean_n the_o division_n of_o the_o ocean_n by_o reason_n that_o we_o have_v treat_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n order_n require_v that_o we_o contemplate_v the_o division_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o water_n which_o compose_v the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o take_v a_o survey_n of_o their_o property_n which_o do_v appertain_v unto_o geography_n in_o chapter_n vii_o proposition_n ii_o we_o distribute_v the_o water_n into_o four_o sort_n which_o be_v 1._o the_o ocean_n 2._o river_n and_o fountain_n of_o fresh-water_n 3._o lake_n and_o marsh_n and_o 4._o mineral_n water_n in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o ocean_n proposition_n i._o the_o ocean_n in_o a_o continue_a tract_n encompass_v the_o whole_a earth_n and_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n neither_o be_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o same_o any_o where_o altogether_o interrupt_v by_o the_o land_n interpose_v but_o the_o more_o large_a continuity_n and_o free_a congress_n be_v only_o impede_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n can_v only_o be_v prove_v by_o experience_n especial_o from_o the_o circumnavigation_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o have_v now_o for_o a_o long_a while_n be_v so_o often_o attempt_v and_o happy_o perform_v first_o by_o the_o spaniard_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o magellan_n who_o first_o find_v out_o the_o strait_n then_o by_o the_o english_a twice_o viz._n under_o drake_n and_o cavendish_n and_o last_o five_o time_n by_o the_o hollander_n world_n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_n concern_v the_o old_a world_n the_o ancient_n nothing_o doubt_v of_o this_o continuity_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o account_v the_o old_a world_n only_o for_o the_o extant_a earth_n and_o think_v it_o on_o every_o side_n to_o be_v encompass_v by_o the_o ocean_n yea_o some_o suppose_v it_o to_o float_v but_o when_o that_o america_n be_v detect_v which_o be_v extend_v from_o north_n to_o south_n in_o a_o very_a long_a tract_n and_o impede_v the_o continuity_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o moreover_o the_o polary_a land_n north_n and_o south_n than_o not_o undeserved_o be_v it_o doubt_v concern_v it_o for_o many_o suppose_a and_o that_o not_o without_o probability_n that_o america_n and_o the_o south_n continent_n be_v conjoin_v as_o many_o geographer_n now_o think_v that_o the_o northern_a america_n be_v contiguous_a to_o greenland_n which_o two_o if_o both_o true_a the_o ocean_n can_v not_o encompass_v the_o whole_a earth_n but_o in_o truth_n magellan_n remove_v the_o doubt_n when_o in_o the_o year_n 1520_o he_o find_v out_o the_o strait_n between_o america_n and_o the_o south_n continent_n by_o which_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n be_v join_v with_o the_o atlantic_a what_o therefore_o the_o ancient_n imagine_v from_o a_o false_a opinion_n that_o they_o know_v that_o we_o know_v from_o infallible_a experience_n the_o like_a happen_v with_o africa_n for_o then_o also_o the_o ancient_n without_o any_o hesitation_n place_v the_o ocean_n without_o or_o beyond_o it_o and_o think_v africa_n to_o be_v extend_v beyond_o the_o equator_fw-la in_o a_o far_o less_o space_n than_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v but_o when_o the_o portugal_n have_v sail_v the_o coast_n of_o africa_n and_o have_v find_v vast_a land_n in_o a_o long_a tract_n beyond_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o then_o also_o it_o be_v question_v whether_o africa_n can_v be_v sail_v about_o that_o they_o may_v sail_v into_o india_n that_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v encompass_v with_o the_o ocean_n this_o doubt_n be_v remove_v by_o vasques_n gamma_n under_o who_o conduct_n in_o anno_fw-la 1497._o africa_n be_v first_o sail_v about_o the_o promontory_n of_o good_a hope_n be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o ultimate_a bind_v of_o the_o same_o towards_o the_o south_n which_o appellation_n it_o receive_v from_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n in_o anno_fw-la 1494_o when_o that_o diaz_n which_o first_o relate_v concern_v although_o he_o pass_v it_o not_o victual_n fail_v he_o and_o the_o tempest_n force_v his_o return_n the_o storm_n and_o rage_a ocean_n of_o this_o promontory_n and_o speak_v much_o more_o to_o the_o king_n proposition_n ii_o the_o difference_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o earth_n be_v threefold_a or_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o kind_n which_o be_v 1._o the_o particular_a ocean_n or_o sea_n 2._o the_o bay_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o ocean_n and_o 3._o the_o strait_n kind_n the_o water_n in_o the_o ocean_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o kind_n the_o word_n ocean_n be_v take_v in_o a_o twofold_a acceptation_n sometime_o for_o the_o whole_a ocean_n or_o water_n which_o encompass_v the_o earth_n sometime_o and_o that_o frequent_o for_o any_o part_n of_o the_o large_a ocean_n which_o adher_v to_o another_o part_n by_o a_o large_a tract_n and_o that_o from_o on_o both_o side_n so_o we_o say_v the_o atlantic_a ocean_n the_o german_a the_o ethiopic_a the_o indian_a and_o the_o chinesan_a ocean_n in_o this_o latter_a signification_n by_o use_n of_o speech_n we_o sometime_o use_v the_o word_n although_o we_o sometime_o call_v a_o part_n of_o the_o entire_a ocean_n the_o sea_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o homonymie_n of_o the_o word_n mare_n or_o sea_n which_o shall_v be_v explain_v 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america_n 3._o the_o north_n ocean_n about_o the_o north_n continent_n the_o tartarian_a hyperborean_a freeze_v ocean_n 4._o the_o south_n ocean_n about_o the_o land_n of_o magellan_n part_n of_o which_o be_v the_o indian_a sea_n 2._o bay_n or_o gulf_n long_a whereof_o there_o be_v six_o to_o wit_n 1._o the_o mediterranean_a run_v between_o africa_n and_o the_o region_n of_o europe_n who_o part_n be_v the_o iberian_n sicilian_a cretan_a sea_n etc._n etc._n the_o secondary_a gulf_n which_o be_v many_o the_o adriatic_a gulf_n of_o venice_n euxine_a sea_n the_o bay_n of_o corinth_n etc._n etc._n 2._o the_o baltic_a ocean_n '_o whence_o be_v these_o secondary_a gulf_n as_o that_o of_o livonia_n botnia_n finmarke_n 3._o the_o gulf_n of_o arabia_n between_o africa_n and_o arabia_n 4._o the_o persian_a gulf_n between_o arabia_n and_o persia_n 5._o the_o gulf_n of_o california_n between_o california_n and_o new_a granada_n 6._o the_o gulf_n of_o corea_n between_o corea_n and_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o tartary_n and_o china_n broad_o or_o wide_o as_o 1._o the_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n between_o the_o north_n and_o south_n america_n 2._o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n between_o the_o coast_n of_o indostan_n and_o malacca_n 3._o the_o gulf_n between_o malacca_n and_o camboja_n 4._o the_o white_a sea_n from_o the_o north_n ocean_n between_o lapland_n and_o the_o utmost_a coast_n of_o moscovia_n 5._o the_o lantchidol_n sea_n between_o the_o beach_n and_o new_a guiny_n of_o the_o land_n of_o magellan_n 6._o hudsons_n sea_n between_o new_a france_n and_o canada_n arise_v from_o the_o northern_a ocean_n these_o want_n streights_n 3._o strait_n as_o the_o strait_n of_o 1._o magellan_n by_o which_o you_o come_v from_o the_o atlantic_a or_o ethiopick_n into_o the_o pacifick_n and_o this_o be_v the_o long_a straight_a of_o all_o other_o 2._o le_fw-fr more_o near_o to_o that_o of_o magellan_n and_o of_o the_o same_o use_n 3._o waigat_n by_o which_o you_o sail_v from_o the_o north_n 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b_o b_o a_o a_o from_o the_o right_n draw_v a_o b_o a_o c_o a_o d_o to_o wit_n the_o more_o remote_a shall_v be_v far_o more_o great_a as_o appear_v from_o the_o diagram_n viz._n e_o d_o be_v great_a than_o d_o e_z and_z d_o e_z great_a than_o b_o c_o and_o b_o c_o than_o a_o h._n although_o these_o part_n be_v very_o unequal_a yet_o they_o will_v appear_v equal_a because_o they_o appear_v under_o the_o equal_a angle_n a_o a_o b_o b_o a_o c_o c_o a_o d_o d_o a_o c_o and_o the_o estimative_a faculty_n will_v judge_v they_o to_o be_v remove_v a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o eye_n a_o in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deception_n and_o therefore_o will_v judge_v the_o line_n a_o b_o a_o c_o a_o d_o
a_o c_o to_o be_v a_o f_o a_o g_o a_o h_o a_o k_o as_o they_o be_v equal_v a_o b_o f_o g_o g_o h_o h_o k_o whence_o the_o part_n b_o c_o cd_o d_o e_z seem_v elevate_v as_o if_o they_o be_v f_z g_o g_o h_o h_o k._n or_o more_o brief_o because_o the_o eye_n be_v more_o elevate_v to_o behold_v object_n remote_a than_o it_o be_v depress_v at_o thing_n near_o therefore_o remote_a thing_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v elevate_v and_o those_o nigh_o depress_v or_o because_o we_o compare_v the_o elevation_n of_o our_o eye_n to_o part_n vicine_fw-la therefore_o we_o judge_v they_o depress_v but_o we_o can_v so_o compare_v the_o elevation_n of_o our_o eye_n to_o part_n remote_a wherefore_o they_o seem_v more_o elevate_v than_o in_o truth_n they_o be_v so_o therefore_o we_o see_v from_o this_o that_o the_o ocean_n to_o one_o that_o behold_v it_o from_o the_o shoar_n seem_v high_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v the_o more_o remote_a from_o thence_o i_o say_v it_o be_v no_o probation_n that_o it_o be_v more_o elevate_v some_o render_v another_o reason_n viz._n that_o therefore_o a_o great_a altitude_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n than_o to_o the_o earth_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o suppose_v that_o otherwise_o it_o can_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o water_n shall_v flow_v from_o the_o ocean_n to_o fountain_n of_o river_n which_o fountain_n be_v in_o mediterranean_a plane_n see_v that_o no_o water_n flow_v but_o from_o a_o high_a place_n unto_o one_o more_o low_o depress_v but_o i_o shall_v show_v it_o to_o be_v perform_v by_o another_o way_n in_o the_o chapter_n where_o i_o treat_v of_o the_o original_a of_o river_n or_o fountain_n and_o so_o also_o any_o one_o may_v infer_v that_o the_o mountain_n of_o teneriff_n be_v not_o so_o high_a as_o also_o other_o mountain_n as_o to_o be_v behold_v in_o the_o ocean_n for_o so_o long_a a_o interval_n at_o four_o degree_n except_o that_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n or_o the_o ocean_n be_v high_a than_o 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be_v remove_v by_o the_o violent_a wave_n and_o so_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o bay_n and_o strait_n may_v be_v make_v and_o exist_v anew_o but_o thence_o we_o may_v not_o conclude_v that_o all_o bay_n and_o strait_n that_o be_v at_o this_o day_n be_v so_o generate_v for_o it_o may_v be_v that_o some_o exi_v with_o the_o earth_n itself_o or_o ocean_n and_o therefore_o coeval_fw-fr with_o the_o very_a ocean_n for_o there_o be_v no_o record_n of_o the_o make_n of_o any_o new_a bay_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o streight_n although_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n fabulous_o report_v such_o concern_v the_o generation_n of_o the_o gaditan_a or_o herculean_a strait_n viz._n they_o say_v that_o the_o mountain_n calpe_n on_o the_o spanish_a coast_n and_o the_o mountain_n abyla_n on_o the_o african_a coast_n be_v one_o mountain_n but_o separate_v by_o hercules_n whence_o they_o call_v these_o mountain_n hercules_n pillar_n and_o the_o strait_n hercules_n streights_n italy_n the_o strait_n between_o sicily_n and_o italy_n but_o as_o concern_v the_o strait_n between_o sicily_n and_o italy_n which_o the_o ancient_n believe_v to_o be_v cause_v by_o a_o incursion_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o ought_v less_o to_o doubt_v that_o such_o small_a strait_n shall_v be_v generate_v for_o we_o deny_v not_o but_o such_o like_a may_v be_v generate_v at_o this_o day_n also_o bay_n may_v be_v make_v of_o strait_n and_o strait_n may_v become_v bay_n for_o example_n if_o that_o either_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o magellans_n streights_n or_o of_o the_o strait_n of_o manilhas_n shall_v be_v obstruct_v those_o strait_n will_v become_v long_a bay_n on_o the_o contrary_a if_o that_o the_o isthmus_n between_o asia_n and_o africa_n shall_v be_v take_v away_o than_o the_o whole_a red_a sea_n will_v become_v a_o straight_a through_o which_o a_o ship_n may_v sail_v from_o the_o indian_a ocean_n into_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n proposition_n v._o whether_o the_o ocean_n every_o where_o be_v of_o the_o same_o altitude_n that_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v of_o the_o same_o altitude_n be_v in_o its_o natural_a constitution_n and_o all_o impediment_n remove_v be_v manifest_a from_o the_o first_o proposition_n by_o which_o we_o show_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v spherical_a and_o that_o its_o centre_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n hence_o it_o plain_o follow_v that_o it_o must_v be_v of_o the_o same_o altitude_n in_o all_o its_o part_n but_o here_o be_v a_o doubt_n whether_o there_o be_v not_o some_o cause_n that_o may_v render_v some_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n more_o high_a than_o other_o this_o be_v most_o worthy_a of_o consideration_n and_o be_v also_o of_o great_a moment_n when_o we_o consult_v concern_v the_o dig_v through_o of_o isthmuss_n and_o conjoin_v part_n of_o the_o sea_n many_o will_v have_v that_o the_o ocean_n and_o earth_n be_v high_a about_o the_o north_n and_o low_a about_o the_o equator_fw-la so_o aristotle_n lib._n 2._o de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la cap._n 2._o they_o allege_v this_o reason_n that_o the_o ocean_n seem_v to_o flow_v from_o the_o north_n region_n as_o from_o a_o fountain_n but_o we_o can_v conclude_v any_o thing_n certain_a from_o this_o for_o whether_o the_o northern_a land_n especial_o the_o north_n channel_n be_v more_o high_a or_o low_a than_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o land_n near_o the_o equator_fw-la be_v yet_o doubt_v neither_o be_v it_o sufficient_o prove_v from_o the_o motion_n because_o this_o be_v not_o general_a or_o be_v not_o find_v in_o all_o the_o northern_a region_n and_o if_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o ocean_n from_o the_o north_n shall_v be_v grant_v yet_o thence_o it_o will_v not_o follow_v that_o the_o ocean_n be_v there_o
be_v convey_v into_o the_o german_a ocean_n and_o hence_o into_o various_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o when_o that_o they_o have_v perfect_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o channel_n land_n the_o water_n of_o the_o german_a ocean_n high_o than_o the_o land_n they_o be_v compel_v to_o desist_v by_o reason_n that_o at_o length_n they_o find_v by_o observation_n that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o german_a ocean_n be_v high_a than_o the_o land_n of_o leyden_n and_o the_o shore_n of_o this_o ocean_n therefore_o the_o german_a ocean_n be_v high_a than_o the_o belgic_a bay_n but_o we_o must_v esteem_v otherwise_o of_o those_o bay_n which_o flow_v between_o the_o land_n not_o by_o a_o oblong_a but_o by_o a_o broad_a tract_n as_o the_o bay_n or_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n bengala_n and_o other_o that_o these_o be_v of_o the_o same_o altitude_n with_o the_o ocean_n from_o which_o they_o be_v separate_v by_o no_o strait_a passage_n be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v of_o although_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o the_o spaniard_n former_o do_v question_v this_o latter_a viz._n whether_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n be_v high_a than_o the_o bay_n of_o mexico_n when_o they_o consult_v of_o dig_v through_o the_o american_n isthmus_n or_o that_o of_o panama_n that_o they_o may_v have_v a_o free_a and_o convenient_a passage_n from_o the_o bay_n of_o mexico_n to_o peru_n china_n and_o the_o indian_a isle_n viz._n the_o spaniard_n fear_v least_o the_o english_a dutch_a and_o other_o nation_n shall_v use_v this_o straight_a and_o stop_v the_o mouth_n of_o it_o and_o so_o invade_v peru._n wherefore_o to_o conclude_v it_o seem_v that_o we_o must_v determine_v that_o all_o the_o part_n and_o broad_a bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v all_o of_o the_o same_o altitude_n as_o the_o first_o proposition_n prove_v i._o see_v proposit_n i._o but_o that_o the_o long_a gulf_n or_o bay_n especial_o those_o let_v in_o through_o a_o angust_n channel_n or_o streight_n be_v somewhat_o more_o low_a chief_o in_o the_o extreme_a part_n concern_v which_o yet_o i_o can_v wish_v that_o more_o diligent_a observation_n be_v make_v viz._n these_o be_v the_o doubt_n 1._o whether_o the_o indian_a atlantic_a and_o pacifick_n ocean_n be_v of_o the_o same_o altitude_n or_o whether_o the_o indian_a or_o pacifick_n be_v high_a than_o the_o atlantic_a 2._o whether_o the_o northern_a ocean_n proper_o so_o call_v viz._n that_o which_o be_v near_o to_o the_o pole_n or_o in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v high_o than_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n 3._o whether_o the_o red_a sea_n be_v high_a than_o the_o mediterranean_a 4._o whether_o the_o pacifick_n be_v high_o than_o the_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n 5._o whether_o the_o baltic_a ocean_n be_v equal_o as_o high_a as_o the_o atlantic_a the_o same_o shall_v be_v observe_v concern_v hudsons_n bay_n streights_n of_o magellan_n and_o such_o other_o concern_v the_o euxine_a sea_n we_o shall_v treat_v in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n the_o continual_a flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o flux_n altogether_o cause_v the_o divers_a altitude_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o in_o the_o same_o part_n in_o a_o diverse_a time_n and_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n but_o these_o be_v external_a cause_n and_o we_o at_o present_a only_o consider_v the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o the_o water_n moreover_o they_o do_v not_o so_o vary_v the_o altitude_n in_o the_o ocean_n itself_o as_o it_o appear_v at_o the_o shore_n corollary_n therefore_o we_o can_v assent_v to_o papyrius_n fabianus_n and_o cleomedes_n which_o make_v the_o great_a altitude_n of_o the_o ocean_n to_o be_v fifteen_o stadia_n half_o a_o german_a mile_n except_o we_o must_v take_v their_o opinion_n concern_v the_o profundity_n and_o so_o altitude_n be_v ill_o place_v there_o for_o profundity_n proposition_n vi_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o ocean_n in_o most_o part_n may_v be_v sound_v by_o the_o load_n or_o plummet_n there_o be_v very_o few_o place_n who_o bottom_n have_v not_o 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equal_a to_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o mediterranean_a place_n above_o the_o shore_n viz._n as_o much_o as_o these_o be_v elevate_v and_o be_v extant_a above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o shore_n so_o much_o be_v the_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n depress_v beneath_o it_o or_o as_o much_o as_o the_o earth_n rise_v from_o the_o shore_n towards_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n so_o much_o by_o degree_n more_o and_o more_o be_v it_o depress_v even_o unto_o the_o place_n of_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n where_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v the_o great_a depth_n the_o profundity_n be_v change_v sometime_o in_o this_o sometime_o in_o that_o part_n for_o divers_a reason_n 1._o by_o reason_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n 2._o with_o the_o increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o the_o moon_n 3._o from_o
the_o wind_n 4._o from_o the_o ruin_n or_o subsidency_n of_o the_o channel_n or_o shore_n also_o if_o that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v make_v high_a in_o progress_n of_o time_n by_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o sand_n or_o mud._n proposition_n vii_o the_o ocean_n have_v no_o fountain_n but_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o remain_v always_o the_o same_o fountain_n the_o ocean_n have_v no_o fountain_n experience_n testify_v that_o water_n of_o river_n proceed_v from_o fountain_n or_o spring_n and_o because_o that_o this_o have_v be_v for_o so_o many_o century_n of_o year_n it_o thence_o necessary_o follow_v that_o that_o water_n which_o continual_o flow_v from_o the_o spring_n to_o the_o sea_n return_v through_o subterranean_a passage_n or_o some_o other_o way_n to_o the_o same_o fountain_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n there_o be_v philosopher_n in_o old_a time_n say_v that_o the_o sea_n spring_v from_o certain_a fountain_n 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its_o own_o channel_n but_o somewhat_o may_v be_v object_v against_o this_o objection_n objection_n which_o be_v worthy_a of_o consideration_n first_o that_o at_o some_o part_n or_o other_o of_o the_o ocean_n there_o be_v always_o a_o violent_a external_a move_a cause_n as_o wind_n flux_n reflux_n mutation_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o like_a therefore_o these_o cause_n that_o sometime_o in_o some_o one_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o sometime_o in_o another_o there_o be_v a_o great_a altitude_n and_o abundancy_n of_o water_n than_o in_o the_o other_o part_n and_o therefore_o that_o high_a water_n fall_v into_o the_o subterraneous_a passage_n be_v again_o pour_v forth_o into_o another_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o ocean_n where_o there_o be_v a_o lesser_a altitude_n of_o water_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o external_a cause_n and_o where_o the_o incumbent_a water_n then_o less_o resist_v the_o eruption_n or_o efflux_n because_o it_o be_v move_v another_o way_n by_o a_o external_a cause_n for_o although_o this_o may_v be_v yet_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v by_o experience_n neither_o can_v the_o contrary_a that_o be_v this_o be_v demonstrate_v to_o be_v so_o therefore_o at_o least_o the_o truth_n be_v uncertain_a and_o we_o must_v doubt_v concern_v this_o problem_n now_o that_o there_o be_v such_o subterraneous_a pit_n or_o passage_n in_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o ocean_n can_v be_v deny_v and_o those_o place_n of_o the_o ocean_n seem_v to_o show_v they_o to_o wit_n where_o there_o be_v a_o immense_a profundity_n see_v there_o be_v no_o such_o in_o the_o vicine_fw-la part_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v although_o we_o shall_v admit_v of_o those_o subterraneous_a passage_n yet_o therefore_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o they_o proceed_v to_o another_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o ocean_n or_o go_v forth_o into_o it_o and_o if_o that_o this_o shall_v be_v grant_v yet_o see_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o passage_n in_o all_o place_n and_o that_o these_o external_a cause_n sometime_o be_v predominate_a in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o sometime_o in_o another_o there_o be_v no_o consequence_n from_o the_o objection_n that_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v in_o any_o certain_a place_n but_o that_o it_o flow_v sometime_o from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o sometime_o from_o another_o so_o that_o that_o flux_n continue_v no_o long_a than_o the_o external_a cause_n continue_v 2._o some_o one_o may_v thus_o seem_v to_o argue_v the_o flux_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v perpetual_o discern_v from_o the_o northern_a land_n or_o quarter_n towards_o the_o south_n between_o europe_n and_o the_o northern_a america_n also_o between_o asia_n and_o the_o northern_a america_n yet_o notwithstanding_o no_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n or_o
the_o exiguity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o do_v not_o grow_v thick_a but_o resolve_v for_o although_o you_o take_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n and_o that_o you_o provoke_v with_o a_o light_n and_o gentle_a fire_n that_o the_o resolution_n may_v be_v impede_v yet_o the_o water_n acquire_v no_o salt_n taste_v 3._o lake_n and_o marsh_n though_o heat_v by_o the_o sun_n yet_o wax_v not_o salt_n this_o objection_n also_o scaliger_n endeavour_v to_o avoid_v say_v that_o this_o happen_v by_o the_o succession_n of_o fresh_a water_n and_o the_o same_o be_v find_v in_o those_o stand_a pool_n and_o lake_n which_o only_o proceed_v from_o rain_n or_o snow_n dissolve_v where_o there_o be_v no_o place_n for_o that_o refuge_n of_o succession_n for_o those_o lake_n be_v rather_o dry_v when_o that_o it_o rain_v not_o for_o a_o long_a space_n than_o turn_v into_o salt_n or_o render_v salt_n therefore_o reject_v those_o false_a opinion_n concern_v the_o cause_n and_o original_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o ocean_n let_v we_o lay_v hold_n of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n with_o little_a or_o no_o difficulty_n in_o it_o viz._n 1._o that_o these_o particle_n be_v coeternal_a with_o the_o very_a ocean_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v no_o more_o dispute_v concern_v their_o original_n than_o concern_v the_o original_n of_o the_o ocean_n itself_o the_o earth_n yea_o and_o of_o the_o original_n and_o generation_n of_o the_o world_n 2._o if_o that_o this_o opinion_n be_v less_o complacent_fw-la we_o may_v make_v choice_n of_o another_o viz._n that_o these_o salt_n particle_n be_v here_o and_o there_o pull_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o dissolve_v into_o water_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v many_o saline_a mountain_n or_o rock_n in_o the_o bosom_n of_o the_o sea_n rock_n isle_n of_o ormus_n a_o salt_n rock_n the_o whole_a isle_n of_o ormus_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o white_a and_o hard_a salt_n of_o which_o they_o make_v the_o wall_n of_o their_o house_n and_o therefore_o no_o fountain_n of_o fresh_a water_n be_v find_v in_o that_o isle_n and_o none_o can_v be_v ignorant_a how_o that_o many_o mine_n of_o salt_n be_v find_v on_o the_o land_n and_o we_o have_v relate_v concern_v some_o in_o the_o eleven_o chapter_n but_o we_o need_v not_o particular_n let_v we_o consider_v the_o whole_a earth_n it_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v much_o salt_n in_o it_o the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o salt_n for_o it_o have_v its_o consistency_n from_o salt_n for_o the_o chemical_a philosopher_n do_v right_o prove_v that_o the_o consistency_n and_o compaction_n of_o every_o thing_n proceed_v from_o salt_n and_o experience_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o assertion_n for_o if_o that_o you_o take_v a_o hard_a piece_n of_o earth_n and_o burn_v it_o to_o ash_n much_o salt_n will_v be_v find_v in_o it_o nothing_o can_v be_v allege_v against_o this_o opinion_n that_o be_v of_o any_o value_n and_o be_v 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the_o point_n d_o and_o so_o consequent_o or_o rather_o because_o that_o the_o moon_n in_o the_o mean_a space_n do_v somewhat_o proceed_v forward_o from_o b_o towards_z c_z as_o running_z in_o a_o month_n space_n through_o the_o circle_n a_o b_o c_o d_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v now_o in_o f_o on_o the_o opposite_a region_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o moon_n after_o six_o hour_n and_o twelve_o minute_n either_o more_o or_o less_o shall_v be_v beyond_o the_o point_n g_o in_o that_o diameter_n of_o the_o vortex_n a_fw-it b_o c_o d_o which_o intersect_v that_o diameter_n of_o the_o same_o vortex_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n shall_v then_o be_v at_o right_a angle_n and_o then_o shall_v the_o water_n be_v there_o most_o high_a and_o after_o six_o hour_n with_o twelve_o minute_n it_o shall_v be_v beyond_o the_o point_n h._n in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v very_o low_a etc._n etc._n whence_o it_o be_v clear_o discover_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o every_o twelve_o hour_n and_o twenty_o four_o minute_n shall_v flow_v and_o re-flow_a in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o place_n this_o be_v the_o demonstration_n of_o cartesius_n in_o which_o that_o be_v especial_o ingenious_a that_o it_o apt_o show_v not_o only_a how_o the_o flux_n or_o intumescency_n be_v make_v at_o the_o place_n when_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v move_v at_o its_o vertex_fw-la or_o meridian_n but_o also_o when_o that_o the_o moon_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n be_v move_v to_o the_o meridian_n of_o midnight_n we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o nine_o proposition_n what_o any_o one_o may_v seem_v to_o require_v in_o this_o demonstration_n especial_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v admire_v at_o that_o cartesius_n shall_v not_o so_o much_o as_o think_v that_o according_a unto_o this_o demonstration_n that_o the_o least_o altitude_n of_o water_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o detumescency_n aught_o to_o be_v when_o that_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n as_o 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the_o second_o be_v true_o so_o experience_n confirm_v and_o reason_n do_v induce_v to_o believe_v viz._n whilst_o that_o the_o moon_n consist_v above_o the_o place_n e_o the_o water_n be_v expel_v from_o 2_o towards_o i_o but_o the_o great_a tumour_n will_v be_v in_o the_o place_n near_o to_o 2_o not_o in_o i._o for_o this_o be_v manifest_a by_o experience_n because_o the_o occidental_a place_n do_v late_a discover_v the_o intumescency_n but_o reason_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n do_v altogether_o require_v the_o same_o law_n for_o if_o the_o water_n be_v pour_v forth_o into_o 2_o that_o it_o may_v flow_v towards_o e_o the_o great_a quantity_n will_v be_v in_o the_o place_n e_o a_o little_a less_o in_o the_o place_n near_o to_o that_o and_o yet_o far_o less_o in_o the_o place_n nigh_o to_o that_o and_o least_o of_o all_o in_o e._n so_o also_o when_o that_o water_n be_v drive_v from_o 2_o towards_o e_o its_o great_a quantity_n and_o accumulation_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o place_n near_o to_o 2_o and_o so_o much_o the_o lesser_a by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o 2_o but_o because_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v round_o that_o e_o may_v come_v unto_o f_o then_o at_o length_n shall_v the_o great_a tumour_n be_v in_o e_o and_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v force_v towards_o h._n therefore_o the_o diagram_n of_o cartesius_n with_o the_o demonstration_n itself_o aught_o to_o be_v change_v that_o the_o tumour_n may_v be_v in_o the_o place_n near_o unto_o the_o very_a 2_o that_o be_v to_o that_o unto_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v vertical_a what_o else_o may_v be_v here_o say_v we_o shall_v handle_v in_o our_o treatise_n of_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o cartesian_a philosophy_n proposition_n xii_o in_o full_a and_o new_a moon_n the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n be_v more_o violent_a also_o the_o intumescency_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v find_v great_a in_o most_o part_n but_o in_o the_o quarter_n the_o motion_n be_v find_v the_o least_o of_o all_o and_o so_o also_o in_o the_o intumescency_n violent_a in_o full_a and_o new_a moon_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o east_n to_o west_n most_o violent_a experience_v sufficient_o prove_v this_o proposition_n for_o mariner_n testify_v that_o the_o sea_n do_v foam_n and_o swell_v in_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n and_o in_o the_o quarter_n be_v calm_a now_o it_o be_v easy_o demonstrate_v according_a to_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o precede_a proposition_n for_o the_o moon_n when_o it_o be_v either_o full_a or_o new_a be_v more_o near_o the_o earth_n than_o at_o any_o other_o time_n and_o in_o the_o quarter_n more_o remote_a as_o astronomer_n do_v demonstrate_v now_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v more_o near_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v when_o that_o the_o space_n b_o t_n be_v less_o the_o celestial_a matter_n be_v hinder_v more_o vehement_o press_v the_o water_n from_o 2_o to_o 1_o because_o it_o be_v more_o near_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o quarter_n yet_o the_o motion_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v more_o violent_a in_o the_o full_a moon_n than_o in_o the_o new_a at_o least_o in_o some_o place_n which_o except_o you_o will_v ascribe_v to_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n i_o see_v no_o other_o cause_n neither_o can_v we_o otherwise_o show_v why_o in_o the_o full_a moon_n both_o tree_n and_o animal_n have_v great_a humour_n than_o in_o the_o new_a see_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v equal_o augment_v in_o the_o new_a moon_n yet_o that_o be_v marvellous_a that_o one_o twistius_n a_o dutchman_n relate_v in_o his_o description_n of_o india_n concern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o gazaratt_n where_o for_o many_o year_n he_o dwell_v that_o cockle_n crab_n and_o other_o shelly_a fish_n be_v less_o fleshy_a and_o juicy_a in_o the_o full_a moon_n than_o in_o the_o new_a which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o region_n neither_o be_v it_o less_o admirable_a that_o on_o the_o shore_n near_o to_o the_o mouth_n 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apprehend_v it_o from_o his_o word_n neither_o do_v i_o see_v how_o it_o can_v follow_v from_o his_o hypothesis_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o sun_n and_o general_a wind_n do_v very_o much_o contribute_v to_o this_o intumescency_n of_o the_o water_n and_o see_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o aequinoctial_o do_v incumb_fw-la on_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n therefore_o either_o he_o or_o the_o wind_n cause_n that_o the_o sea_n than_o swell_v more_o than_o at_o another_o time_n but_o as_o concern_v the_o solstice_n we_o must_v say_v in_o a_o contrary_a mode_n or_o that_o the_o same_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o great_a intumescency_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_o either_o of_o the_o spring_n or_o autumn_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o more_o frequent_a rain_n wind_n and_o inundadion_n in_o those_o season_n proposition_n fourteen_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n gulf_n and_o shore_n great_a be_v the_o increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o influx_n and_o deflux_n in_o other_o some_o it_o be_v very_o small_a in_o some_o not_o discernible_a and_o so_o there_o be_v no_o flux_n and_o reflux_n or_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n ocean_n the_o increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o the_o water_n in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n those_o place_n receive_v great_a augmentation_n and_o decrease_n 1._o that_o be_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n between_o the_o tropic_n for_o then_o the_o moon_n press_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v there_o carry_v round_o 2._o in_o place_n that_o be_v direct_o extend_v from_o east_n to_o west_n or_o nigh_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n 3._o in_o those_o gulf_n that_o be_v long_a and_o less_o broad_a the_o augmentation_n be_v the_o more_o sensible_a 4._o in_o those_o place_n in_o which_o few_o island_n or_o procurrent_n adjoyn_v to_o the_o earth_n cambaja_n the_o great_a flux_n and_o deflux_n in_o the_o straight_a of_o cambaja_n the_o great_a flux_n and_o deflux_n hitherto_o observe_v be_v that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o straight_a of_o cambaja_n in_o one_o of_o the_o inlet_n of_o the_o river_n indus_n and_o it_o have_v strike_v many_o with_o admiration_n for_o the_o water_n recede_v to_o a_o high_a distance_n and_o that_o very_o speedy_o whence_o not_o without_o reason_n the_o river_n indus_n or_o the_o gulf_n of_o cambaja_n be_v think_v to_o be_v that_o unto_o which_o when_o that_o alexander_n the_o great_a come_v and_o endeavour_v to_o pass_v his_o army_n over_o as_o it_o be_v there_o relate_v the_o water_n present_o go_v back_o and_o leave_v his_o ship_n a_o ground_n hence_o he_o go_v no_o far_o but_o judge_v that_o the_o god_n have_v here_o fix_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o expedition_n with_o a_o prohibition_n of_o proceed_v any_o far_o the_o cause_n be_v the_o small_a or_o narrow_a and_o deep_a depression_n of_o the_o channel_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v probable_a there_o be_v some_o other_o cause_n damman_n fluv_n and_o reflux_n at_o damman_n at_o the_o city_n damman_n in_o india_n not_o far_o from_o surat_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n by_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v vary_v at_o two_o and_o a_o half_a orygas_n and_o the_o sea_n depart_v from_o the_o shore_n the_o space_n of_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o cambaja_n the_o flux_n augment_v the_o altitude_n five_o orgyas_n other_o say_v seven_o which_o unusual_a augmentation_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o ship_n by_o unexperienced_a mariner_n for_o the_o water_n fall_v they_o have_v be_v split_v on_o the_o rock_n red-sea_n no_o constant_a time_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o the_o red-sea_n in_o the_o gulf_n and_o shore_n of_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n no_o constant_a time_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v observe_v for_o sometime_o the_o water_n flow_v and_o reflow_v in_o three_o hour_n othersome_a in_o twelve_o hour_n which_o inconstancy_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o violent_a irruption_n of_o the_o ocean_n into_o that_o straight_a and_o from_o the_o various_a agitation_n of_o the_o wind_n about_o malacca_n also_o at_o the_o straight_a of_o sunda_n a_o notable_a flux_n and_o deflux_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n or_o red_a sea_n some_o of_o the_o ancient_n have_v write_v that_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o reflux_n as_o scaliger_n write_v that_o moses_n and_o the_o israelite_n pass_v over_o without_o any_o miracle_n but_o it_o be_v false_a because_o the_o reflux_n be_v not_o there_o so_o great_a as_o to_o leave_v the_o channel_n dry_a on_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v very_o sensible_a as_o also_o at_o the_o isle_n of_o japan_n at_o panama_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o america_n lie_v at_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n the_o sea_n be_v very_o much_o exalt_v panama_n the_o sea_n at_o the_o flux_n much_o exalt_v at_o panama_n and_o by_o and_o by_o depress_v again_o in_o the_o full_a moon_n the_o flux_n be_v so_o much_o augment_v that_o water_n enter_v into_o the_o house_n of_o the_o city_n yea_o in_o almost_o all_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o south_n sea_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n be_v wonderful_o augment_v and_o diminish_v so_o that_o in_o the_o reflux_n the_o decrease_n be_v sensible_a for_o two_o mile_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n at_o the_o shore_n of_o sâ—am_n the_o flux_n augment_v the_o altitude_n ten_o foot_n sea_n the_o flux_n not_o perceivable_a in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n but_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n which_o flow_v in_o through_o the_o strait_n of_o gibraltar_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n the_o flux_n be_v not_o perceivable_a because_o the_o situation_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o quarter_n into_o which_o the_o sea_n be_v move_v and_o therefore_o the_o water_n of_o it_o be_v little_o augment_v by_o the_o flux_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o discernible_a unless_o in_o the_o gulf_n of_o venice_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o long_a extension_n and_o small_a latitude_n show_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n when_o in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o notable_a latitude_n that_o little_a augmentation_n and_o decrease_n be_v not_o discover_v whence_o this_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v unknown_a to_o the_o grecian_n as_o also_o to_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o time_n of_o scipio_n africanus_n and_o the_o grecian_n as_o well_v as_o the_o roman_n account_v it_o as_o miraculous_a what_o sometime_o they_o discover_v in_o other_o place_n as_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o expedition_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a and_o of_o scipio_n in_o the_o expugnation_n of_o carthage_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o cicero_n it_o be_v know_v to_o the_o roman_n yet_o some_o observe_v it_o a_o little_a at_o massilia_n also_o at_o certain_a coast_n of_o barbary_n it_o be_v note_v enough_o out_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n not_o yet_o find_v out_o in_o the_o baltic_a ocean_n as_o also_o in_o the_o whole_a northern_a sea_n beyond_o england_n towards_o norway_n and_o greenland_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o yet_o find_v out_o as_o neither_o in_o the_o north_n coast_n of_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n but_o the_o cause_n be_v not_o yet_o sufficient_o know_v unless_o you_o will_v say_v that_o those_o sea_n be_v remote_a from_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o also_o that_o they_o be_v extend_v from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n and_o north_n moreover_o that_o many_o isle_n and_o procurrency_n of_o land_n do_v hinder_v these_o three_o must_v be_v conjoin_v to_o impede_fw-la the_o flux_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o these_o place_n proposition_n xv._o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o violent_a motion_n viz._n a_o impulse_n but_o the_o reflux_n be_v a_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o water_n for_o the_o flux_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o pression_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o matter_n between_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o earth_n or_o also_o because_o that_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o remain_v in_o that_o situation_n which_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o flux_n this_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o it_o be_v a_o violent_a motion_n but_o in_o the_o reflux_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v from_o a_o more_o high_a place_n to_o a_o more_o depress_a place_n which_o be_v the_o natural_a motion_n of_o water_n lemma_n the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v give_v in_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o the_o latitude_n and_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n from_o a_o ephemerides_n or_o by_o supputation_n or_o astronomical_a observation_n to_o find_v on_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o moon_n at_o the_o hour_n give_v be_v vertical_a also_o to_o exhibit_v all_o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o
place_n may_v make_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n fix_v in_o another_o place_n time_n the_o flux_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o divers_a place_n at_o certain_a time_n so_o between_o the_o isle_n celebe_n and_o madera_n when_o that_o the_o motion_n be_v west_n viz._n in_o december_n january_n and_o february_n the_o sea_n flow_v to_o the_o south_n east_n or_o a_o more_o near_o collateral_a wind_n than_o the_o east_n so_o at_o java_n in_o the_o straight_a gallappa_n when_o the_o motion_n be_v west_n viz._n in_o may_n the_o sea_n flow_v towards_o the_o east_n contrary_a to_o his_o general_a motion_n at_o the_o isle_n of_o ceilan_n from_o the_o middle_n of_o march_n to_o october_n the_o sea_n flow_v towards_o the_o south_n on_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o month_n towards_o the_o north_n viz._n because_o that_o in_o those_o month_n the_o north_n wind_n be_v frequent_a in_o other_o the_o south_n wind_n between_o cochin_n and_o mallacca_n the_o sea_n flow_v with_o a_o western_o motion_n from_o april_n to_o august_n contrary_a to_o the_o general_a motion_n towards_o the_o east_n then_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o time_n towards_o the_o west_n the_o wind_n assist_v the_o general_a motion_n the_o sea_n flow_v here_o with_o so_o great_a a_o noise_n that_o those_o who_o know_v not_o the_o same_o suppose_v rock_n to_o be_v there_o against_o which_o the_o water_n beat_v so_o for_o some_o month_n after_o the_o 15_o of_o february_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v from_o the_o maldivian_n isle_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o india_n contrary_a to_o the_o general_a motion_n at_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n and_o camboja_n in_o october_n november_n and_o december_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o north-west_n but_o in_o january_n towards_o the_o south-west_n with_o a_o very_a swift_a course_n to_o the_o sand_n de_fw-fr champa_n so_o that_o they_o seem_v to_o exceed_v the_o celerity_n of_o a_o stone_n that_o be_v slinge_v at_o pulo_n cato_n even_o unto_o varella_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o camboja_n when_o motion_n or_o wind_n do_v not_o blow_v the_o swift_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v towards_o the_o south_n but_o the_o motion_n or_o wind_n move_v towards_o another_o quarter_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n from_o patana_n to_o the_o promontory_n of_o malacca_n in_o november_n and_o december_n a_o swift_a course_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v observe_v towards_o the_o south_n in_o a_o motion_n or_o wind_n from_o china_n to_o malacca_n in_o june_n july_n and_o august_n there_o be_v a_o vehement_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o pulo_n cato_n to_o pulo_n cambir_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o camboja_n many_o more_o example_n but_o less_o accurate_o consign_v be_v to_o be_v read_v in_o the_o journal_o of_o the_o mariner_n at_o the_o coast_n of_o aguada_n de_fw-it san_fw-it bras_fw-fr not_o far_o from_o the_o promontory_n of_o good_a hope_n this_o be_v peculiar_o observe_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v always_o move_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n towards_o the_o land_n so_o much_o the_o more_o vehement_o by_o how_o much_o the_o occidental_a wind_n opposite_a unto_o it_o be_v more_o violent_a questionless_a some_o adjacent_a coast_n high_o than_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o proposition_n xxxi_o threefold_a the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v threefold_a the_o cirçular_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n term_v whirlpool_n and_o vortices_fw-la be_v threefold_a for_o some_o only_o move_v the_o water_n in_o a_o round_a othersome_a suck_n in_o the_o water_n and_o in_o certain_a hour_n let_v it_o forth_o again_o and_o other_o suck_v it_o in_o but_o cast_v it_o not_o forth_o although_o without_o doubt_n there_o be_v a_o four_o sort_n in_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o cast_v out_o and_o suck_v not_o in_o the_o water_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o i_o have_v read_v in_o any_o author_n such_o a_o vortex_n to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o sea_n but_o many_o be_v find_v on_o the_o land_n the_o chalcidican_n euripus_n or_o vortex_n be_v famous_a in_o greece_n especial_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fable_n concern_v the_o death_n of_o aristotle_n it_o receive_v water_n at_o certain_a hour_n and_o cast_v they_o out_o in_o other_o the_o vortex_n at_o norway_n be_v the_o most_o note_a and_o great_a of_o all_o for_o it_o be_v relate_v to_o be_v 13_o mile_n in_o circuit_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o be_v a_o rock_n call_v mouske_n this_o vorago_fw-la in_o six_o hour_n suck_v in_o all_o that_o approach_v near_o it_o as_o water_n whale_n lade_v ship_n and_o in_o so_o many_o hour_n vomit_v they_o all_o out_o again_o with_o a_o great_a violence_n noise_n and_o circumgyration_n of_o water_n the_o cause_n be_v unknown_a between_o normandy_n and_o england_n be_v a_o vorago_fw-la or_o whirlpool_n unto_o which_o ship_n be_v carry_v with_o a_o great_a swiftness_n and_o be_v near_o the_o whirlpool_n be_v repel_v back_o again_o proposition_n xxxii_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o we_o call_v a_o concussion_n or_o tremble_v come_v from_o a_o spiration_n or_o wind_n which_o move_v the_o earth_n or_o water_n itself_o and_o cause_v it_o to_o rise_v cause_n of_o the_o concâ—ssion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o cause_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o biscay_n be_v a_o place_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v capbreton_n there_o sometime_o the_o sea_n swell_v without_o any_o wind_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o overflow_v the_o shore_n itself_o and_o on_o a_o sudden_a fall_v low_a the_o like_a intumescency_n be_v find_v in_o a_o lake_n of_o scotland_n call_v loumond_n move_v by_o a_o subterranean_a wind_n the_o portugal_n in_o anno_fw-la 1523_o in_o the_o sea_n of_o cambaja_n discover_v a_o tremble_a of_o the_o water_n for_o in_o a_o great_a calm_n as_o maffeus_n write_v all_o wind_n be_v still_o the_o sea_n on_o a_o sudden_a swell_v from_o the_o bottom_n thence_o the_o ship_n begin_v to_o roll_n and_o to_o fall_v foul_a of_o one_o another_o to_o their_o great_a astonishment_n now_o in_o this_o great_a confusion_n and_o disturbance_n some_o cast_v the_o lead_n some_o pump_v other_o more_o wise_a bethink_v themselves_o of_o escape_v and_o get_v barrel_n on_o which_o they_o may_v swim_v but_o on_o a_o instant_a it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o earthquake_n which_o thus_o also_o disturb_v the_o ship_n on_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n proposition_n xxxiii_o why_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n be_v more_o calm_a and_o without_o great_a flood_n or_o wave_n and_o why_o it_o be_v easy_o move_v or_o rough_a with_o a_o wind_n the_o cause_n without_o doubt_n be_v because_o its_o motion_n towards_o the_o west_n be_v not_o hinder_v by_o the_o intercourse_n of_o shore_n as_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n be_v chap._n xv._o of_o lake_n pool_n or_o stand_v water_n and_o marsh_n proposition_n i._o definition_n lake_n of_o lake_n a_o lake_n be_v a_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o any_o cavity_n of_o a_o mediterranean_a place_n of_o a_o notable_a amplitude_n and_o tract_n on_o all_o side_n encompass_v with_o the_o land_n and_o at_o the_o least_o have_v a_o moderate_a profundity_n but_o more_o proper_o that_o be_v term_v a_o lake_n which_o receive_v in_o and_o let_v forth_o river_n a_o pool_n be_v a_o small_a lake_n pool_n pool_n which_o do_v never_o receive_v or_o send_v forth_o river_n a_o marish_a be_v water_n in_o a_o mediterranean_a place_n marsh_n marsh_n here_o and_o there_o have_v the_o land_n extant_a and_o about_o it_o or_o mix_v with_o the_o earth_n proposition_n ii_o fourfold_a lake_n be_v fourfold_a lake_n be_v fourfold_a 1._o some_z neither_o send_v forth_o or_o receive_v river_n and_o such_o lake_n if_o small_a be_v term_v pool_n but_o if_o large_a they_o be_v call_v lake_n 2._o some_o send_v forth_o river_n but_o receive_v none_o 3._o other_o receive_v river_n and_o send_v forth_o none_o and_o 4._o some_o both_o receive_v and_o send_v forth_o river_n and_o some_o of_o those_o send_v forth_o great_a than_o they_o receive_v some_o equal_a and_o some_o lesser_a also_o some_o send_v forth_o a_o river_n almost_o in_o the_o same_o line_n with_o that_o which_o they_o receive_v other_o in_o another_o line_n or_o to_o another_o quarter_n also_o some_o receive_v more_o than_o they_o send_v forth_o some_o more_o few_o and_o some_o equal_a proposition_n iii_o to_o declare_v the_o generation_n and_o conservation_n of_o those_o lake_n which_o neither_o send_v forth_o nor_o receive_v river_n those_o lake_n be_v either_o great_a moderate_a or_o small_a some_o of_o the_o moderate_a and_o small_a perpetual_o remain_v so_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o when_o it_o have_v not_o rain_v for_o a_o long_a space_n be_v dry_v up_o and_o both_o these_o be_v term_v pool_n now_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o declare_v the_o generation_n of_o those_o that_o be_v dry_v up_o viz._n the_o plenty_n of_o
rain_n and_o cavity_n and_o depression_n of_o the_o place_n in_o which_o such_o stand_a pool_n be_v for_o if_o that_o any_o place_n be_v situate_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o elevate_a place_n all_o the_o rain-water_n rune_v unto_o it_o and_o so_o cause_v a_o pool_n pool_n in_o india_n be_v many_o pool_n so_o in_o india_n there_o be_v many_o pool_n or_o standing-water_n make_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n whereof_o some_o be_v in_o compass_n a_o mile_n and_o some_o two_o encompass_v with_o a_o stone-wall_n which_o be_v fill_v in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n that_o in_o the_o summer_n month_n they_o may_v furnish_v those_o with_o water_n who_o live_v far_o from_o river_n or_o fountain_n after_o the_o like_a mode_n small_a lake_n and_o pool_n be_v make_v by_o the_o exundation_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o rivers_n so_o the_o river_n nilus_n and_o niger_n exundate_v when_o that_o they_o have_v reflow_v leave_v many_o pool_n behind_o they_o which_o either_o the_o native_n fortify_v or_o make_v that_o thence_o they_o may_v draw_v water_n on_o the_o other_o month_n of_o the_o year_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n in_o moscovia_n finland_n lapland_n in_o the_o spring_n summer_n and_o autumn_n be_v many_o lake_n partly_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o shore_n and_o partly_o because_o of_o the_o dissolve_v of_o the_o snow_n and_o ice_n but_o although_o some_o lake_n be_v dry_v up_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o after_o a_o long_a cessation_n of_o rains_n we_o may_v not_o thence_o firm_o conclude_v that_o they_o have_v all_o their_o water_n from_o those_o rain_n for_o they_o may_v be_v dry_v up_o as_o for_o other_o lake_n without_o river_n that_o be_v not_o dry_v up_o their_o generation_n may_v be_v also_o refer_v to_o the_o rain_n viz._n if_o that_o they_o have_v a_o profound_a channel_n in_o which_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o water_n collect_v from_o rains_n may_v be_v keep_v as_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v not_o of_o force_n enough_o to_o consume_v it_o all_o before_o that_o another_o rain_n fall_v but_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o these_o lake_n have_v peculiar_a rivulet_n in_o the_o bottom_n from_o which_o they_o receive_v so_o much_o water_n as_o be_v consume_v by_o the_o exhalation_n and_o this_o cause_n alone_o take_v place_n in_o those_o pool_n that_o be_v find_v on_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n as_o in_o the_o mountain_n bructerus_n in_o cenisius_n and_o other_o now_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o some_o of_o these_o also_o be_v generate_v long_o since_o by_o a_o great_a inundation_n of_o water_n and_o thence_o conserve_v by_o river_n nay_o without_o question_n some_o of_o these_o lake_n that_o be_v near_o the_o sea_n and_o also_o salt_n have_v their_o be_v from_o some_o inundation_n of_o the_o sea_n through_o some_o passage_n as_o the_o lake_n harlem_n and_o other_o in_o holland_n there_o be_v also_o many_o salt_n lake_n in_o peru._n large_a not_o many_o lake_n without_o river_n and_o those_o not_o large_a neither_o be_v there_o any_o great_a number_n of_o these_o lake_n without_o river_n some_o small_a one_o be_v find_v in_o moscovia_n and_o finland_n the_o lake_n or_o pool_n lychnitis_n in_o macedonia_n the_o lake_n appollonia_n in_o mysia_n one_o in_o carniola_n call_v zrinzee_n a_o round_a one_o in_o china_n another_o call_v hilam_n in_o cochinchina_n one_o in_o zanhaga_n one_o at_o the_o city_n of_o mexico_n twelve_o league_n in_o length_n all_o these_o be_v small_a except_o that_o in_o china_n in_o comparison_n of_o great_a one_o lake_n the_o lake_n parima_fw-la the_o great_a lake_n there_o be_v only_o one_o great_a lake_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o which_o exceed_v all_o other_o to_o wit_n that_o of_o parima_fw-la in_o america_n which_o be_v about_o 300_o mile_n in_o length_n from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o about_o a_o hundred_o in_o breadth_n where_o broad_a yet_o nevertheless_o it_o do_v not_o receive_v nor_o send_v forth_o any_o river_n how_o it_o have_v its_o original_n be_v no_o mean_a doubt_n whether_o long_o since_o cause_v by_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o ocean_n or_o flow_v from_o some_o subterranean_a fountain_n or_o spring_n also_o whether_o it_o be_v conserve_v by_o rain_n or_o from_o the_o same_o spring_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o probable_a that_o it_o have_v spring_n at_o the_o bottom_n that_o supply_n as_o much_o as_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n consume_v proposition_n iv_o to_o declare_v the_o generation_n and_o conservation_n of_o those_o lake_n that_o neither_o receive_v nor_o send_v forth_o any_o river_n river_n of_o the_o generation_n and_o conservation_n of_o lake_n that_o neither_o receive_v nor_o send_v forth_o river_n there_o be_v a_o infinite_a namber_n of_o these_o lake_n see_v that_o most_o river_n flow_v from_o lake_n as_o from_o fountain_n or_o spring_n especial_o those_o that_o arise_v in_o moscovia_n finland_n and_o lapland_n viz._n where_o there_o be_v any_o cavity_n in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o spring_n but_o not_o so_o large_a as_o to_o contain_v a_o quantity_n of_o run_v water_n than_o it_o become_v a_o lake_n thence_o proceed_v a_o river_n the_o water_n glide_v to_o the_o adjacent_a place_n neither_o may_v we_o doubt_v but_o that_o these_o lake_n have_v their_o generation_n and_o conservation_n from_o spring_n in_o the_o bottom_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o true_a spring_n or_o a_o apparent_a spring_n viz._n water_n flow_v from_o another_o place_n thither_o through_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n which_o last_o appear_v more_o probable_a in_o reference_n to_o certain_a lake_n which_o immediate_o send_v forth_o great_a river_n of_o such_o small_a lake_n there_o be_v a_o great_a multitude_n as_o i_o have_v say_v as_o volga_n from_o whence_o be_v the_o first_o original_n of_o the_o river_n volga_n odoium_n from_o whence_o flow_v tanais_n adac_n the_o original_n of_o one_o of_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o river_n tigris_n osera_n in_o moscovia_n the_o spring_n of_o the_o river_n sosnam_n which_o be_v discharge_v into_o volga_n and_o many_o other_o small_a one_o we_o only_o reckon_v up_o the_o great_a of_o most_o note_n 1._o the_o famous_a lake_n chiamy_n not_o far_o from_o india_n in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 31_o degree_n from_o which_o run_v four_o river_n of_o note_n magnitude_n and_o inundation_n into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sian_n pegu_n and_o the_o like_a viz._n the_o river_n menam_fw-la axa_fw-la cosmum_fw-la and_o martavam_fw-la but_o some_o map_n have_v a_o very_a small_a river_n which_o rune_v into_o this_o lake_n 2._o the_o lake_n cincuyhay_n in_o china_n which_o send_v forth_o a_o great_a river_n towards_o the_o north_n which_o join_v with_o another_o enter_v china_n 3._o the_o lake_n titicaca_fw-la in_o america_n meridionalis_fw-la of_o 80_o mile_n compass_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o great_a river_n which_o terminate_v in_o a_o small_a lake_n neither_o be_v it_o see_v any_o far_a and_o about_o this_o lake_n be_v many_o city_n and_o to_n 4._o in_o nicaragua_n in_o america_n be_v a_o lake_n so_o call_v about_o four_o mile_n from_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n and_o 100_o mile_n from_o the_o atlantic_a into_o which_o it_o rune_v in_o a_o great_a channel_n 5._o the_o lake_n iroquois_n in_o canada_n the_o original_n of_o the_o river_n of_o st._n laurence_n 6._o the_o lake_n annibi_n in_o asia_n under_o the_o latitude_n of_o 61_o degree_n proposition_n v._o to_o declare_v the_o generation_n and_o conservation_n of_o those_o lake_n that_o receive_v river_n and_o let_v out_o none_o none_o of_o lake_n that_o receive_v river_n and_o let_v our_o none_o now_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o these_o lake_n be_v generate_v and_o conserve_v from_o those_o river_n which_o they_o receive_v and_o that_o flow_v into_o they_o for_o when_o that_o river_n have_v go_v from_o their_o spring_n and_o arrive_v in_o their_o passage_n at_o any_o note_a and_o ample_a cavity_n the_o water_n be_v collect_v in_o this_o and_o make_v a_o lake_n now_o if_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o bottom_n prove_v porous_a it_o suck_v in_o the_o water_n and_o transmit_v it_o the_o to_o adjacent_a earth_n or_o that_o which_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v more_o frequent_a if_o there_o be_v a_o subterraneous_a passage_n or_o that_o such_o a_o one_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o water_n through_o this_o part_n of_o the_o flow_a water_n be_v carry_v away_o so_o that_o on_o that_o account_n the_o lake_n do_v not_o flow_v over_o of_o these_o kind_n of_o lake_n there_o be_v but_o a_o small_a number_n on_o the_o earth_n 1._o in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n we_o have_v say_v that_o the_o lake_n nicaragua_n send_v forth_o a_o river_n which_o end_v in_o a_o small_a lake_n this_o lake_n therefore_o shall_v be_v one_o of_o this_o number_n 2._o the_o lake_n asphaltites_n in_o palestine_n term_v also_o the_o dead-sea_n receive_v the_o river_n jordan_n but_o send_v
forth_o none_o it_o be_v seventy_o mile_n long_o and_o five_o broad_a 3._o a_o small_a one_o in_o asia_n minor_fw-la 4._o a_o small_a one_o in_o macedonia_n call_v janna_n which_o receive_v little_a river_n 5._o the_o lake_n of_o geneva_n 6._o a_o lake_n in_o persia_n 7._o the_o lake_n soran_n in_o moscovia_n which_o receive_v two_o small_a rivulet_n 8._o the_o river_n ghir_n in_o africa_n rise_v in_o mount_n atlas_n end_v in_o a_o lake_n as_o leo_n africanus_n write_v and_o so_o some_o map_n do_v represent_v it_o but_o other_o bring_v the_o river_n into_o nubia_n proposition_n vi_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o those_o lake_n which_o both_o receive_v and_o send_v forth_o river_n river_n of_o lake_n which_o both_o receive_v and_o send_v forth_o river_n there_o be_v a_o threefold_a difference_n of_o they_o as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o second_o proposition_n for_o either_o they_o receive_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n than_o they_o send_v forth_o or_o a_o equal_a quantity_n or_o a_o lesser_a if_o that_o they_o send_v forth_o a_o great_a quantity_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o that_o lake_n have_v occult_a spring_n if_o less_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o there_o be_v secret_a aqueduct_n in_o the_o bottom_n or_o a_o spongious_a earth_n but_o if_o it_o be_v equal_a we_o gather_v that_o there_o be_v neither_o occult_a aqueduct_v nor_o hide_a spring_n in_o the_o bottom_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o generation_n therefore_o be_v partly_o the_o same_o which_o we_o show_v in_o the_o four_o proposition_n viz._n the_o cavity_n and_o depression_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n unto_o which_o be_v adjoin_v occult_a spring_n and_o much_o rain_n and_o dissolve_v snow_n and_o ice_n help_v on_o the_o same_o those_o that_o be_v generate_v from_o the_o influx_n of_o one_o river_n they_o be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_a tract_n of_o the_o river_n and_o render_v the_o river_n direct_o and_o of_o these_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n so_o the_o river_n niger_n make_v four_o lake_n in_o its_o passage_n the_o nile_n make_v many_o lake_n in_o its_o passage_n which_o the_o map_n do_v not_o show_v the_o river_n duina_n pa_v through_o six_o or_o seven_o at_o least_o and_o you_o shall_v see_v other_o river_n in_o moscovia_n and_o finland_n in_o the_o great_a map_n to_o make_v sixteen_o lake_n before_o that_o they_o come_v to_o their_o mouth_n but_o it_o be_v best_o to_o consider_v those_o which_o produce_v other_o river_n than_o they_o have_v receive_v the_o most_o famous_a for_o magnitude_n be_v these_o zaire_n the_o lake_n zaire_n 1._o zaire_n a_o lake_n of_o the_o procurrent_a of_o africa_n lie_v between_o the_o thirteen_o and_o six_o degree_n of_o south_n latitude_n and_o therefore_o in_o longitude_n have_v 105_o mile_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o lie_v a_o island_n beside_o other_o small_a one_o of_o that_o magnitude_n that_o they_o can_v bring_v into_o the_o field_n at_o least_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o thousand_o fight_a man_n this_o isle_n do_v in_o a_o manner_n twice_o cut_v the_o lake_n so_o that_o one_o part_n be_v account_v for_o a_o peculiar_a lake_n it_o be_v call_v zembre_n from_o this_o lake_n flow_v three_o mighty_a river_n nile_n cuama_n and_o zaire_n but_o certain_a small_a rivulet_n do_v flow_v into_o the_o same_o which_o do_v not_o only_o seem_v sufficient_a to_o supply_v the_o great_a of_o the_o same_o so_o that_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o it_o have_v certain_a spring_n at_o the_o bottom_n although_o the_o inundation_n to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o be_v the_o shower_n that_o fall_v in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n zaflan_n the_o lake_n zaflan_n 2._o zaflan_n a_o lake_n not_o far_o from_o zaire_n between_o the_o ten_o and_o six_o degree_n of_o south_n latitude_n and_o therefore_o about_o sixty_o mile_n in_o longitude_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o branch_n into_o the_o nile_n and_o receive_v small_a river_n sachaf_n the_o lake_n sachaf_n 3._o the_o lake_n sachaf_n not_o far_o from_o zaire_n towards_o the_o promontory_n of_o good_a hope_n send_v forth_o a_o rivulet_n which_o be_v augment_v with_o other_o water_n at_o length_n make_v the_o river_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n it_o receive_v small_a river_n aquilunda_n the_o lake_n aquilunda_n 4._o the_o lake_n aquilunda_n receive_v a_o branch_n from_o the_o lake_n zaire_n and_o send_v forth_o many_o river_n into_o congo_n onega_n the_o lake_n onega_n 5._o onega_n a_o lake_n in_o finland_n between_o the_o 60_o and_o 63_o degree_n of_o latitude_n have_v 44_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o 30_o in_o breadth_n where_o it_o be_v at_o the_o broad_a it_o receive_v many_o small_a river_n which_o proceed_v from_o other_o lake_n and_o send_v forth_o the_o moderate_a river_n sueri_n into_o the_o lake_n lodoga_n lodoga_n the_o lake_n lodoga_n 6._o the_o lake_n lodoga_n 30_o mile_n long_o and_o 15_o broad_a it_o receive_v the_o river_n sueri_fw-la from_o onega_n and_o many_o lesser_a from_o other_o place_n a_o moderate_a one_o from_o ilman_n a_o note_a lake_n in_o moscovia_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o river_n into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n osera_n the_o lake_n osera_n 7._o the_o lake_n osera_n receive_v the_o river_n kousam_n and_o other_o and_o send_v forth_o sosnam_n which_o rune_v into_o the_o volga_n enaraok_n the_o lake_n enaraok_n 8._o enaraok_v a_o lake_n or_o marish_a in_o lapland_n in_o length_n 40_o mile_n in_o breadth_n 15_o it_o receive_v the_o river_n avilan_n and_o other_o lesser_a river_n and_o send_v forth_o the_o river_n paes_n into_o the_o lappian_n sea_n ula_fw-la the_o lake_n ula_fw-la 9_o vla_n a_o lake_n in_o moscovia_n 30_o mile_n long_o and_o 15_o broad_a it_o have_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o a_o island_n as_o in_o the_o lake_n zaire_n it_o receive_v a_o river_n that_o pass_v through_o 10_o lake_n and_o send_v forth_o a_o famous_a river_n there_o be_v many_o more_o in_o moscovia_n finland_n and_o norway_n china_n lake_n in_o china_n 10._o in_o china_n be_v four_o famous_a lake_n which_o receive_v river_n and_o again_o distribute_v they_o into_o divers_a part_n brasil_n lake_n in_o brasil_n 11._o in_o brasil_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o china_n be_v the_o lake_n euparia_n and_o puerto_n de_fw-fr los_fw-la reyes_n in_o which_o the_o river_n argenta_n and_o omoranna_n do_v meet_v and_o pass_v through_o proposition_n vii_o many_o lake_n contain_v fresh_a water_n very_o few_o salt_n or_o marine_n salt_n divers_a lake_n contain_v freshwater_n very_o few_o salt_n those_o that_o have_v their_o be_v from_o rains_n or_o rivers_n as_o also_o those_o that_o have_v their_o own_o proper_a spring_n more_o remote_a from_o the_o sea_n but_o those_o that_o be_v cause_v by_o a_o inundation_n of_o the_o sea_n through_o a_o certain_a passage_n be_v salt_n as_o also_o some_o which_o have_v spring_n of_o salt-water_n in_o the_o bottom_n so_o the_o lake_n harlem_n and_o other_o in_o holland_n be_v salt_n there_o be_v a_o salt_n lake_n find_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o madagascar_n in_o peru_n in_o cuba_n which_o have_v two_o league_n in_o circuitâ—_n â—scituate_a not_o far_o from_o the_o sea_n and_o although_o it_o receive_v certain_a river_n of_o freshwater_n and_o breed_v fish_n and_o tortoise_n yet_o it_o be_v salt_n so_o the_o lake_n asphaltites_n although_o it_o receive_v the_o freshwater_n of_o jordan_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o sweet_a but_o send_v forth_o so_o stink_v and_o violent_a a_o vapour_n that_o the_o circumjacent_a land_n for_o the_o space_n of_o half_a a_o mile_n be_v barren_a proposition_n viii_o whether_o the_o caspian_a sea_n be_v a_o lake_n streight_n or_o gulf_n of_o the_o ocean_n gulf_n the_o caspian_a sea_n whether_o a_o lake_n streight_n or_o gulf_n some_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v proper_o term_v a_o sea_n but_o no_o sea_n can_v proper_o be_v term_v a_o sea_n except_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n that_o be_v except_o it_o do_v adhere_v to_o the_o ocean_n by_o some_o manifest_a tract_n but_o they_o will_v have_v it_o join_v to_o the_o ocean_n by_o some_o subterraneous_a passage_n the_o ancient_n indeed_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v join_v with_o the_o indian_a ocean_n other_o with_o the_o northern_a but_o experience_n sufficient_o show_v both_o to_o be_v deceive_v concern_v a_o subterraneous_a passage_n the_o matter_n be_v uncertain_a yet_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v probable_a from_o thence_o that_o it_o receive_v so_o many_o river_n and_o those_o note_v for_o great_a quantity_n which_o quantity_n of_o water_n the_o channel_n can_v not_o possible_o contain_v except_o that_o it_o exonerate_v the_o same_o by_o subterraneous_a cavern_n and_o passage_n into_o the_o ocean_n but_o other_o suppose_v that_o quantity_n of_o water_n otherwise_o to_o be_v consume_v viz._n that_o it_o penetrate_v not_o into_o the_o ocean_n but_o into_o the_o vicine_fw-la mountain_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a
number_n and_o almost_o all_o send_v forth_o spring_v scaliger_n and_o other_o assert_v that_o this_o caspian_a sea_n be_v carry_v by_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n but_o he_o allege_v no_o probation_n of_o it_o yet_o that_o may_v be_v a_o sign_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o euxine_a sea_n perpetual_o send_v forth_o water_n in_o great_a abundance_n through_o the_o bosphorus_n which_o abundance_n of_o water_n some_o think_v that_o it_o do_v not_o receive_v from_o the_o river_n but_o by_o a_o subterranean_a passage_n from_o the_o caspian_a sea_n but_o it_o seem_v not_o so_o to_o i_o to_o have_v any_o conjunction_n with_o the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v a_o lake_n and_o so_o rather_o to_o be_v call_v than_o a_o sea_n now_o whence_o it_o be_v first_o generate_v be_v a_o great_a difficulty_n some_o say_v that_o great_a mountain_n of_o salt_n be_v find_v in_o its_o bottom_n and_o that_o thence_o it_o have_v its_o saltness_n but_o the_o water_n they_o suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o multitude_n of_o river_n that_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o this_o lake_n or_o sea_n yet_o although_o these_o water_n make_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o it_o yet_o i_o think_v it_o more_o probable_a that_o this_o sea_n for_o some_o age_n since_o be_v conjoin_v to_o the_o ocean_n neither_o do_v i_o question_v but_o that_o the_o euxine_a sea_n will_v at_o length_n become_v a_o lake_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o bosphorus_n be_v obstruct_v proposition_n ix_o to_o make_v a_o lake_n in_o a_o place_n if_o that_o it_o be_v possible_a lake_n of_o make_v lake_n it_o may_v be_v do_v if_o that_o there_o be_v a_o river_n in_o the_o land_n adjoin_v or_o that_o a_o spring_n be_v find_v in_o the_o place_n and_o that_o the_o place_n be_v somewhat_o more_o depress_v and_o low_a than_o in_o the_o adjacent_a place_n although_o small_a lake_n may_v be_v also_o make_v on_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n therefore_o the_o place_n must_v be_v hallow_v and_o the_o earth_n dig_v away_o unto_o so_o great_a a_o depth_n and_o amplitude_n as_o we_o require_v and_o its_o side_n must_v be_v fence_v with_o bank_n uphold_v by_o wood_n if_o need_v so_o require_v then_o a_o inlett_n be_v make_v from_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n the_o water_n must_v be_v let_v in_o or_o if_o that_o a_o fountain_n in_o that_o place_n afford_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o that_o inlett_n or_o aqueduct_v proposition_n x._o to_o take_v away_o or_o dry_v up_o a_o lake_n lake_n of_o dry_v up_o of_o lake_n that_o may_v be_v perform_v two_o way_n 1._o if_o the_o bottom_n of_o that_o lake_n be_v high_o or_o of_o almost_o a_o equal_a depression_n with_o the_o vicine_fw-la place_n a_o aqueduct_v be_v make_v the_o water_n will_v flow_v from_o the_o place_n or_o lake_n and_o at_o length_n will_v render_v the_o bottom_n dry_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n assist_v and_o earth_n be_v cast_v in_o 2._o if_o that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o lake_n be_v low_a than_o the_o vicine_fw-la place_n it_o must_v first_o be_v fence_v with_o a_o trench_n in_o its_o whole_a circuit_n leave_v only_o some_o channel_n or_o open_a passage_n then_o make_v use_n of_o water-mill_n the_o water_n must_v be_v expel_v and_o draw_v out_o and_o then_o the_o bottom_n must_v be_v cover_v with_o earth_n and_o dung_n and_o such_o seed_n cast_v in_o which_o sudden_o will_v take_v root_n as_o mustardseed_n colewort_n and_o the_o like_a by_o this_o mode_n the_o dutch_a very_o well_o know_v how_o to_o drain_v lake_n and_o to_o make_v fruitful_a land_n of_o they_o proposition_n xi_o marsh_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n some_o be_v ouzey_a and_o consist_v of_o a_o mix_a substance_n as_o it_o be_v viz._n of_o water_n and_o earth_n so_o that_o it_o will_v not_o suffer_v the_o footstep_n of_o a_o man_n other_o have_v small_a stand_a pool_n with_o small_a portion_n of_o dry_a land_n here_o and_o there_o sort_n marsh_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v those_o that_o receive_v or_o send_v forth_o no_o river_n such_o marsh_n be_v in_o holland_n brabant_n where_o be_v the_o marish_a de_fw-fr peel_n and_o many_o in_o westphalia_n to_o which_o some_o of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v admix_v but_o many_o of_o the_o second_o kind_n be_v find_v at_o the_o original_n or_o spring_n of_o river_n whence_o some_o be_v wont_a to_o call_v these_o spring_n or_o fountain_n marsh_n as_o the_o marsh_n of_o tanais_n in_o moscovia_n of_o the_o nile_n etc._n etc._n such_o marsh_n also_o seem_v to_o be_v in_o savolax_n a_o province_n in_o finland_n in_o a_o great_a tract_n of_o land_n also_o the_o marsh_n of_o enarack_n the_o chelonides_n marsh_n of_o africa_n the_o marsh_n of_o chaldea_n through_o which_o the_o euphrates_n do_v pass_v these_o marsh_n be_v frequent_o find_v in_o wood_n and_o desert_n that_o be_v ericose_v because_o that_o the_o rain_n which_o irrigate_v those_o lane_n and_o collect_v in_o its_o cavity_n be_v not_o attract_v by_o the_o sun_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o leave_n of_o tree_n do_v repel_v its_o ray_n such_o kind_n of_o marsh_n be_v find_v here_o and_o there_o in_o germany_n and_o moscovia_n moreover_o these_o marsh_n of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v fourfold_a viz._n some_o both_o receive_v and_o send_v forth_o river_n some_o only_o receive_v some_o only_o send_v forth_o and_o some_o neither_o receive_v nor_o send_v forth_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v generate_v and_o conserve_v partly_o by_o occult_a spring_n and_o water_n effuse_v before_o that_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o certain_a channel_n and_o also_o from_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n than_o can_v possible_o be_v bring_v through_o a_o channel_n many_o of_o which_o sort_n be_v in_o moscovia_n and_o finland_n marsh_n of_o the_o last_o kind_n probable_o be_v conserve_v and_o spring_n from_o rain_n and_o small_a spring_n aristotle_n call_v the_o palus_n maeotis_n a_o lake_n and_o that_o more_o right_o proposition_n xii_o marsh_n have_v a_o sulphurous_a bituminous_a and_o fat_a earth_n this_o be_v discover_v both_o from_o the_o black_a colour_n and_o from_o the_o reed_n which_o be_v generate_v from_o it_o marsh_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o marsh_n and_o easy_o take_v fire_n as_o be_v find_v in_o holland_n and_o other_o place_n the_o cause_n be_v by_o reason_n that_o such_o substance_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o raise_v of_o the_o earth_n where_o these_o marsh_n do_v exist_v yet_o all_o marsh_n be_v not_o such_o but_o where_o the_o earth_n be_v stony_a and_o hard_a there_o be_v no_o marsh_n for_o where_o there_o be_v a_o soft_a earth_n there_o for_o a_o certain_a be_v a_o fat_a and_o sulphurous_a substance_n proposition_n xiii_o to_o drain_v marsh_n and_o fen_n fen_n of_o drain_n of_o fen_n although_o some_o fen_n have_v a_o high_a profundity_n yet_o no_o more_o be_v require_v to_o drain_v they_o to_o such_o a_o depth_n which_o we_o may_v do_v if_o that_o we_o cause_v the_o water_n to_o flow_v away_o by_o some_o channel_n or_o aqueduct_v 2._o if_o that_o after_o some_o week_n they_o have_v be_v dry_v by_o the_o sun_n we_o cast_v in_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o dry_a earth_n 3._o if_o that_o we_o make_v a_o fire_n upon_o they_o and_o 4._o if_o that_o we_o hinder_v water_n from_o flow_v into_o they_o as_o rain_n and_o the_o like_a chap._n xvi_o of_o river_n in_o general_n proposition_n i._n we_o comprehend_v in_o this_o proposition_n the_o definition_n necessary_a for_o this_o doctrine_n definition_n of_o river_n and_o their_o definition_n 1._o a_o river_n be_v water_n flow_v from_o a_o certain_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o another_o place_n in_o a_o long_a tract_n and_o within_o its_o channel_n a_o channel_n be_v that_o cavity_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o the_o water_n be_v contain_v which_o be_v more_o depress_v and_o low_o than_o the_o shore_n of_o that_o water_n 2._o a_o rivulet_n be_v a_o river_n that_o have_v not_o the_o profundity_n and_o breadth_n as_o to_o admit_v of_o small_a lade_v vessel_n 3._o that_o be_v term_v amnis_fw-la which_o admit_v of_o those_o vessel_n but_o if_o they_o will_v bear_v moderate_a vessel_n great_a one_o lade_v than_o it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o general_a term_n of_o fluvius_n and_o flumen_n 4._o that_o water_n be_v term_v a_o torrent_n which_o flow_v from_o the_o mountainous_a place_n with_o a_o violence_n 5._o where_o two_o river_n meet_v that_o place_n be_v call_v a_o confluence_n 6._o a_o river_n or_o rivulet_n which_o flow_v from_o another_o be_v term_v a_o branch_n or_o arm_n yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v take_v for_o such_o a_o arm_n which_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o river_n yet_o those_o be_v also_o frequent_o
term_v arm_n which_o proceed_v from_o a_o river_n divaricate_v into_o two_o channel_n 7._o a_o fountain_n or_o spring_n be_v water_n bubble_v and_o flow_v forward_o from_o a_o certain_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n 8._o a_o well_o be_v when_o the_o water_n bubble_v up_o but_o flow_v not_o forward_o proposition_n ii_o torrent_n and_o rivulet_n may_v sometime_o proceed_v from_o a_o quantity_n of_o rain_n and_o dissolve_v snow_n proceed_v from_o whence_o torrent_n and_o rivulet_n do_v proceed_v for_o in_o the_o mountainous_a or_o more_o elevate_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v many_o cavity_n small_a lake_n and_o stand_v pool_n now_o if_o that_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o water_n flow_v into_o these_o from_o the_o fall_v of_o rain_n or_o snow_n that_o they_o can_v well_o contain_v they_o they_o overflow_v and_o run_v down_o on_o the_o more_o depress_a place_n and_o because_o that_o on_o every_o year_n this_o happen_v it_o make_v a_o channel_n for_o itself_o but_o sometime_o torrent_n do_v flow_v without_o any_o channel_n from_o this_o cause_n viz._n rains_n and_o the_o dissolution_n of_o snow_n many_o rivulet_n be_v make_v also_o torrent_n and_o moderate_a or_o indifferent_a river_n in_o those_o place_n which_o have_v ridge_n of_o mountain_n in_o a_o long_a tract_n as_o the_o procurrent_a of_o africa_n india_n peru_n sumatra_n and_o the_o like_a and_o these_o rivulet_n flow_v neither_o in_o the_o summer_n nor_o in_o the_o night_n but_o only_o in_o the_o day_n proposition_n iii_o most_n rivulet_n proceed_v from_o fountain_n but_o river_n of_o a_o great_a magnitude_n have_v their_o original_a either_o from_o the_o congress_n of_o many_o rivulet_n and_o indifferent_a river_n or_o flow_v from_o lake_n and_o marsh_n for_o no_o river_n of_o any_o considerable_a magnitude_n as_o the_o albis_n the_o rhine_n do_v flow_v from_o one_o fountain_n but_o exist_v from_o many_o small_a spring_n or_o lake_n fountain_n rivulet_n proceed_v from_o fountain_n but_o these_o proceed_n from_o lake_n be_v augment_v by_o the_o accession_n of_o other_o river_n the_o river_n volga_n or_o rha_n receive_v two_o hundred_o and_o more_o partly_o rivulet_n and_o partly_o indifferent_a river_n before_o that_o it_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o the_o danube_n as_o many_o before_o she_o flow_v into_o the_o pontus_n and_o although_o that_o pliny_n and_o cardan_n write_v that_o no_o river_n flow_v into_o the_o nile_n yet_o experience_n testify_v the_o contrary_a to_o they_o that_o have_v travel_v in_o abyssine_n the_o proposition_n be_v easy_o prove_v by_o a_o enumeration_n of_o example_n mountain_n spring_n proceed_v common_o from_o hill_n &_o mountain_n the_o spring_n of_o some_o rivulet_n and_o river_n be_v in_o mountain_n and_o elevate_v place_n and_o some_o on_o a_o plane_n as_o for_o the_o spring_n of_o those_o river_n that_o proceed_v from_o lake_n we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n that_o those_o spring_n be_v in_o the_o bottom_n or_o channel_n of_o the_o lake_n and_o that_o such_o lake_n be_v as_o it_o be_v conduit_n and_o effusion_n about_o the_o spring_n before_o that_o the_o water_n flow_v in_o a_o channel_n or_o in_o a_o great_a quantity_n for_o some_o spring_n be_v cover_v with_o earth_n or_o water_n other_o open_z the_o spring_n on_o a_o plane_n be_v of_o those_o river_n from_o which_o tanais_n and_o albis_n exist_v in_o their_o first_o tract_n unto_o which_o other_o do_v accede_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o collect_v other_o example_n cardanus_n deny_v â—â—h_v these_o fountain_n to_o be_v generate_v in_o these_o plane_n place_n but_o to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o vicine_fw-la mountain_n by_o some_o subterraneous_a passage_n but_o i_o suppose_v that_o such_o spring_n first_o make_v a_o stand_a pool_n or_o marsh_n for_o tanais_n seem_v not_o to_o flow_v from_o a_o spring_n but_o from_o a_o marsh_n or_o some_o less_o profound_a lake_n many_o be_v the_o mountainous_a spring_n of_o rivulet_n as_o of_o those_o of_o the_o rhine_n po_n danube_n borysthenes_n etc._n etc._n the_o nile_n wolga_n and_o the_o great_a river_n of_o st._n laurence_n in_o canada_n flow_v from_o a_o lake_n yet_o there_o be_v one_o mode_n by_o which_o from_o one_o fountain_n a_o great_a river_n may_v proceed_v viz._n if_o that_o the_o fountain_n be_v on_o a_o elevate_v place_n but_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n must_v be_v a_o little_a high_o than_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o inlet_n so_o the_o flow_a water_n first_o in_o a_o more_o swift_a current_n then_o in_o a_o more_o slow_a be_v collect_v in_o the_o channel_n and_o in_o course_n of_o time_n may_v be_v a_o very_a great_a river_n by_o reason_n that_o so_o much_o do_v not_o flow_v out_o in_o the_o first_o generation_n proposition_n iu_o river_n be_v very_o much_o augment_v by_o frequent_a rain_n and_o dissolve_v snow_n and_o that_o in_o divers_a season_n and_o month_n of_o the_o year_n snow_n river_n be_v much_o increase_v by_o rain_n and_o snow_n so_o in_o the_o region_n of_o peru_n and_o chili_n some_o river_n be_v so_o small_a that_o they_o flow_v not_o in_o the_o night_n time_n but_o only_o in_o the_o day_n because_o that_o then_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o snow_n dissolve_v on_o the_o mountainâ—_n of_o the_o andes_n through_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o the_o river_n both_o in_o the_o oriental_a and_o occidental_a coast_n of_o the_o procurrent_a of_o africa_n as_o in_o congo_z angola_n and_o the_o like_a be_v big_a in_o the_o day_n than_o in_o the_o night_n so_o it_o be_v also_o in_o the_o shore_n of_o malabar_n and_o chormandel_n in_o india_n yea_o in_o those_o four_o region_n in_o summer_n time_n the_o river_n be_v almost_o dry_v up_o and_o in_o the_o winter_n or_o wet_a season_n be_v overflow_a so_o wolga_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n and_o june_n abound_v with_o water_n so_o that_o the_o land_n and_o island_n be_v then_o cover_v with_o water_n in_o the_o other_o month_n the_o sand_n will_v hardly_o admit_v a_o passage_n over_o they_o for_o ship_n that_o be_v lade_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o then_o the_o snow_n be_v dissolve_v on_o the_o mountain_n whence_o those_o rivulet_n proceed_v which_o be_v more_o than_o one_o hundred_o do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o volga_n so_o the_o nile_n ganges_n indus_n etc._n etc._n be_v augment_v from_o rain_n or_o snow_n so_o that_o they_o overflow_v the_o land_n but_o these_o augment_v happen_v in_o a_o different_a season_n because_o that_o they_o arise_v from_o divers_a cause_n and_o divers_a place_n for_o by_o reason_n that_o rain_v be_v more_o frequent_a in_o the_o winter_n therefore_o river_n be_v more_o high_a at_o the_o season_n except_o another_o cause_n intervene_v from_o the_o dissolution_n of_o snow_n which_o sometime_o happen_v in_o some_o place_n and_o mountain_n in_o the_o spring_n in_o other_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o in_o other_o in_o the_o intermedial_a time_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o snow_n be_v then_o dissolve_v on_o the_o mountain_n that_o be_v adjacent_a to_o the_o rivulet_n of_o these_o river_n moreover_o some_o river_n especial_o the_o great_a proceed_v from_o remote_a place_n where_o it_o be_v then_o summer_n when_o it_o be_v winter_n in_o the_o place_n through_o which_o they_o flow_v and_o those_o variation_n cause_v the_o swell_a of_o river_n in_o divers_a season_n but_o most_o river_n do_v so_o in_o the_o spring_n because_o that_o then_o snow_n be_v dissolve_v in_o most_o place_n the_o variety_n of_o these_o cause_n must_v be_v show_v in_o the_o particular_a description_n of_o every_o river_n concern_v that_o peculiar_a spring_n of_o japan_n which_o flow_v every_o day_n only_o for_o two_o hour_n we_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n proposition_n v._o what_o may_v be_v the_o original_a of_o that_o water_n which_o flow_v from_o spring_n or_o whence_o be_v river_n generate_v spring_n the_o cause_n of_o water_n flow_v from_o spring_n we_o have_v before_o our_o eye_n the_o great_a river_n rhine_n albis_n and_o other_o the_o generation_n of_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o abundance_n of_o water_n seem_v more_o admirable_a than_o that_o of_o rivulet_n but_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o precedent_n and_o three_o proposition_n that_o the_o water_n of_o river_n partly_o proceed_v from_o 〈…〉_o and_o the_o dissolution_n of_o snow_n partly_o from_o lake_n and_o partly_o from_o the_o meeting_n of_o rivulet_n and_o river_n therefore_o the_o question_n be_v not_o so_o much_o concern_v the_o rise_n and_o spring_n of_o river_n as_o the_o original_a and_o perpetuity_n of_o fountain_n and_o spring_n various_a the_o opinion_n of_o philosopher_n and_o geographer_n be_v various_a the_o opinion_n of_o philosopher_n and_o geographer_n concern_v it_o be_v various_a 1._o some_o think_v that_o all_o the_o water_n of_o spring_n of_o river_n proceed_v from_o rain_n or_o
and_o shore_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o frequent_a observation_n of_o mathematician_n make_v on_o tower_n or_o shore_n testify_v it_o and_o as_o for_o the_o observation_n of_o olearius_n that_o seem_v to_o cause_v no_o small_a difficulty_n here_o for_o that_o the_o caspian_a sea_n be_v no_o high_a than_o the_o vicine_fw-la land_n much_o less_o than_o the_o mountain_n be_v collect_v from_o hence_o viz._n that_o many_o river_n do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n therefore_o we_o must_v say_v that_o refraction_n obstruct_v the_o observation_n of_o olearius_n and_o cause_v the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o appear_v high_a than_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v and_o peradventure_o the_o wave_n of_o the_o sea_n increase_v the_o cause_n and_o the_o mountain_n that_o he_o ascend_v be_v none_o of_o the_o high_a some_o discover_v the_o weakness_n of_o this_o argument_n bring_v this_o that_o the_o natural_a place_n of_o water_n be_v above_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o that_o it_o must_v cover_v the_o whole_a earth_n because_o that_o it_o be_v high_a than_o the_o earth_n now_o by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v impede_v from_o its_o natural_a place_n by_o the_o mountain_n above_o the_o earth_n arise_v towards_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n therefore_o that_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v where_o the_o mountain_n and_o elevate_v part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o its_o natural_a place_n do_v press_v down_o the_o subject_v water_n which_o indeed_o be_v in_o its_o natural_a place_n but_o yet_o be_v drive_v or_o press_v to_o the_o bottom_n by_o the_o superior_a water_n which_o be_v not_o in_o its_o natural_a place_n where_o when_o it_o find_v no_o way_n neither_o can_v give_v place_n it_o retire_v towards_o the_o side_n and_o pass_v under_o the_o root_n of_o the_o mountain_n where_o be_v collect_v as_o in_o a_o cistern_n it_o be_v squeeze_v out_o by_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n press_v towards_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o mountain_n no_o other_o than_o in_o a_o vessel_n which_o have_v on_o the_o side_n a_o funnel_n touch_v the_o very_a bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n from_o whence_o we_o infuse_v water_n or_o other_o liquor_n into_o glass_n if_o i_o say_v we_o drop_v in_o a_o stone_n into_o such_o a_o vessel_n full_a or_o half_a full_a of_o liquor_n the_o liquor_n fly_v out_o through_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o funnel_n this_o be_v the_o subtlety_n of_o scaliger_n but_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v very_o thick_a for_o water_n be_v not_o expel_v so_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o mountainous_a place_n towards_o the_o vortex_n because_o that_o experience_n testify_v the_o contrary_a in_o trench_n and_o if_o that_o be_v so_o all_o spring_n water_n shall_v be_v salt_n moreover_o it_o be_v false_a that_o he_o assume_v that_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o in_o its_o natural_a place_n and_o therefore_o press_v down_o the_o subject_v part_n for_o this_o be_v take_v up_o gratis_o and_o contrary_a to_o experience_n because_o that_o the_o water_n press_v not_o down_o the_o subject_v part_n except_o when_o it_o be_v high_a than_o the_o vicine_fw-la water_n and_o therefore_o where_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v spherical_a it_o rest_v but_o if_o that_o any_o motion_n be_v make_v from_o the_o pressure_n this_o will_v drive_v the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o coast_n where_o the_o place_n be_v more_o broad_a not_o through_o the_o small_a cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o water_n flow_v in_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n through_o the_o great_a cavern_n but_o they_o make_v not_o the_o fountain_n fresh_a because_o they_o take_v not_o away_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o water_n i_o think_v not_o the_o solution_n of_o the_o argument_n to_o be_v difficult_a if_o that_o we_o consider_v how_o water_n come_v to_o the_o fountain_n viz._n not_o from_o any_o channel_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n for_o so_o it_o will_v retain_v its_o saltness_n but_o by_o or_o through_o a_o continual_a progression_n of_o the_o watery_a particle_n or_o a_o creep_a in_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n to_o the_o place_n adjacent_a to_o the_o fountain_n where_o at_o length_n it_o be_v gather_v into_o drop_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o cavity_n and_o continual_a succession_n of_o the_o water_n and_o so_o cause_v a_o spring_n earth_n vein_n of_o water_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o this_o we_o find_v in_o the_o earth_n dig_v to_o a_o great_a depth_n that_o here_o and_o there_o drop_v of_o water_n do_v consist_v and_o be_v force_v by_o those_o that_o be_v nigh_o so_o that_o a_o little_a rivulet_n be_v make_v which_o be_v term_v vein_n of_o water_n many_o such_o rivulet_n if_o collect_v into_o one_o cavity_n make_v a_o fountain_n as_o those_o person_n well_o know_v that_o be_v skill_v in_o make_v of_o fountain_n or_o aquiduct_n or_o wells_n for_o in_o wells_n water_n be_v collect_v from_o many_o drop_n which_o meet_v together_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o well_o from_o the_o adjacent_a earth_n and_o those_o that_o make_v aquiduct_n bring_v the_o water_n by_o gutter_n and_o trench_n into_o one_o place_n so_o that_o the_o drop_n may_v fall_v from_o the_o high_a place_n into_o the_o cavity_n but_o if_o that_o you_o object_n that_o many_o fountain_n bubble_v up_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o stone_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o the_o watery_a particle_n shall_v so_o creep_v forward_o to_o that_o i_o answer_v that_o this_o confirm_v our_o opinion_n for_o those_o stone_n do_v not_o go_v through_o from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n at_o least_o in_o those_o mountain_n where_o the_o fountain_n be_v find_v but_o only_o occupy_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o a_o certain_a small_a profundity_n within_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v more_o soft_a or_o less_o stony_a or_o at_o least_o such_o as_o may_v receive_v and_o attract_v water_n therefore_o when_o by_o penetration_n it_o be_v come_v to_o the_o stony_a part_n because_o that_o it_o can_v penetrate_v no_o far_o there_o it_o stand_v and_o be_v collect_v into_o drop_n and_o make_v a_o spring_a fountain_n between_o the_o stony_a part_n to_o wit_n if_o that_o a_o passage_n be_v grant_v and_o that_o the_o mountain_n and_o rock_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o st._n helena_n and_o almost_o of_o all_o island_n be_v not_o within_o so_o rocky_a and_o hard_a be_v collect_v from_o hence_o that_o almost_o all_o those_o mountain_n have_v sometime_o burn_v or_o at_o the_o least_o smoke_v which_o be_v discover_v from_o the_o ash_n on_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o the_o brimstone_n or_o sulphur_n find_v in_o those_o place_n add_v moreover_o what_o we_o observe_v before_o that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o always_o there_o where_o it_o seemeh_a to_o be_v but_o flow_v from_o some_o high_a place_n through_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n to_o the_o fountain_n and_o so_o cause_v the_o water_n to_o leap_v up_o with_o some_o force_n which_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v do_v in_o many_o fountain_n and_o the_o more_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o fire_n be_v move_v also_o downward_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o matter_n when_o in_o truth_n if_o that_o the_o same_o be_v free_a it_o tend_v upward_o so_o if_o you_o put_v the_o end_n of_o a_o long_a piece_n of_o iron_n in_o the_o fire_n this_o will_v penetrate_v through_o the_o whole_a iron_n until_o it_o come_v to_o the_o other_o extreme_a although_o this_o other_o extremity_n do_v not_o tend_v upward_o but_o downward_o answer_v the_o second_o argument_n answer_v so_o much_o for_o the_o first_o argument_n unto_o the_o second_o i_o answer_v that_o a_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v why_o the_o sea_n water_n shall_v not_o penetrate_v so_o much_o into_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o centre_n as_o towards_o the_o mountain_n viz._n because_o the_o earth_n be_v there_o more_o full_a of_o metal_n and_o hard_a as_o experience_n testify_v but_o where_o it_o be_v not_o so_o hard_a there_o the_o water_n penetrate_v and_o therefore_o we_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o river_n or_o at_o least_o sweet_a or_o salt_n lake_n may_v be_v find_v beneath_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n within_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o centre_n where_o any_o such_o cavity_n be_v but_o because_o that_o there_o be_v few_o such_o cavity_n and_o that_o every_o where_o the_o earth_n be_v metallous_a and_o hard_o beneath_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n therefore_o it_o can_v continual_o imbibe_n water_n but_o when_o it_o be_v full_a it_o cease_v to_o imbibe_n any_o more_o neither_o do_v it_o receive_v more_o therefore_o than_o the_o water_n glide_v towards_o high_a place_n unto_o the_o motion_n
of_o which_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o mutation_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o sea_n avail_v much_o sometime_o in_o this_o and_o sometime_o in_o that_o part_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o flood_n wave_n or_o tempest_n for_o the_o water_n be_v make_v high_o more_o press_v the_o water_n and_o promote_v its_o ingress_n through_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o spring_n and_o see_v that_o every_o day_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v augment_v and_o diminish_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n not_o only_o by_o storm_n but_o also_o by_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n therefore_o such_o a_o pressure_n happen_v every_o day_n but_o i_o question_v whether_o this_o cause_n can_v effect_v much_o answer_v the_o three_o argument_n answer_v unto_o the_o three_o argument_n i_o say_v that_o the_o reason_n be_v the_o disposition_n of_o the_o place_n and_o of_o the_o earth_n itself_o and_o as_o i_o say_v that_o the_o humour_n be_v move_v and_o glide_v towards_o that_o part_n where_o the_o flux_n be_v make_v neither_o do_v i_o think_v it_o need_v any_o far_a explication_n answer_v the_o four_o argument_n answer_v the_o four_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o saltness_n have_v a_o more_o difficult_a solution_n because_o that_o it_o seem_v not_o possible_a that_o the_o saltness_n shall_v be_v take_v away_o only_o by_o transcolation_n for_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o water_n consist_v in_o a_o double_a salt_n which_o the_o aristotelian_o never_o observe_v the_o one_o of_o which_o the_o chemist_n apt_o call_v fix_v the_o other_o volatile_a salt_n and_o the_o fix_a salt_n may_v indeed_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o marine_a water_n as_o well_o by_o continual_a transcolation_n as_o by_o coction_n and_o distillation_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o volatile_a salt_n because_o it_o be_v spirituous_a be_v immediate_o advance_v with_o the_o water_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v separate_v by_o frequent_a and_o often_o repeat_v distillation_n therefore_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o give_v a_o mode_n by_o which_o this_o volatile_a salt_n spirit_n in_o its_o passage_n between_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o fountain_n may_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o sea_n water_n yet_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o these_o will_v suffice_v for_o the_o solution_n 1._o although_o we_o have_v not_o discover_v the_o mode_n and_o artifice_n by_o which_o this_o volatile_a salsitude_n may_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o sea_n water_n yet_o we_o must_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v separate_v for_o by_o nature_n we_o find_v it_o separate_v viz._n for_o fresh_a shower_n fall_v into_o the_o ocean_n which_o yet_o be_v generate_v of_o the_o vapour_n take_v up_o from_o the_o sea_n 2._o those_o particle_n of_o salt_n water_n penetrate_v the_o earth_n before_o they_o flow_v to_o their_o fountain_n be_v mix_v here_o and_o there_o with_o other_o water_n proceed_v there_o from_o rain_n or_o vapour_n and_o so_o that_o small_a saltitude_n that_o they_o yet_o have_v be_v render_v altogether_o insensible_a 3._o it_o be_v not_o true_a that_o the_o salsitude_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a in_o all_o spring_n because_o that_o some_o fountain_n be_v salt_n as_o we_o say_v before_o othersome_a brackish_a a_o little_a as_o those_o two_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n suez_n and_o in_o place_n less_o remote_a from_o the_o sea_n therefore_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o long_a transcolation_n and_o gentle_a evaporation_n to_o separate_v the_o water_n from_o the_o volatile_a salt_n and_o by_o this_o artifice_n we_o make_v sea_n water_v less_o salt_n and_o such_o also_o be_v the_o generation_n of_o rain_n water_n which_o therefore_o be_v not_o salt_n or_o at_o least_o less_o salt_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o sometime_o saltish_a kind_n of_o rain_n do_v fall_v into_o the_o sea_n therefore_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n proceed_v partly_o from_o the_o sea_n or_o subterranean_a water_n partly_o from_o river_n and_o dew_n that_o moisten_v the_o earth_n but_o the_o water_n of_o river_n partly_o proceed_v from_o spring_n and_o partly_o from_o rain_n and_o snow_n proposition_n vi_o certain_a river_n hide_v themselves_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o passage_n under_o the_o earth_n and_o in_o another_o place_n rise_v up_o again_o as_o if_o they_o be_v new_a river_n again_o of_o river_n which_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o passage_n hide_v themselves_o under_o the_o earth_n and_o rise_v again_o the_o most_o celebrate_a of_o they_o be_v 1._o the_o river_n niger_n which_o meet_v the_o mountain_n of_o nubia_n be_v observe_v under_o they_o and_o come_v forth_o again_o from_o the_o other_o occidental_a quarter_n 2._o tigris_n have_v pass_v the_o lake_n arethusa_n meet_v the_o mountain_n taurus_n be_v hide_v in_o a_o cave_n and_o flow_v out_o on_o the_o other_o side_n then_o when_o it_o have_v pass_v the_o lake_n thospite_v it_o be_v again_o obscure_v in_o subterranean_a cavern_n and_o then_o after_o it_o have_v thus_o run_v the_o space_n of_o about_o six_o german_a mile_n it_o break_v forth_o again_o 3._o about_o arcadia_n in_o peloponnesus_n many_o such_o riveret_n be_v to_o be_v find_v as_o aristotle_n write_v in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o meteor_n chapter_n eleven_o 4._o alpheus_n a_o river_n of_o achaia_n be_v absorb_v by_o the_o earth_n the_o grecian_n write_v that_o it_o keep_v its_o course_n under_o the_o sea_n and_o beneath_o the_o earth_n even_o unto_o sicilia_n where_o they_o will_v have_v it_o to_o emerge_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o syracuse_n and_o to_o be_v that_o river_n that_o be_v call_v arethusa_n in_o sicilia_n now_o this_o they_o especial_o collect_v from_o this_o viz._n that_o arethusa_n in_o sicilia_n every_o five_o summer_n cast_v up_o the_o dung_n of_o those_o beast_n at_o that_o time_n when_o the_o olympian_a game_n be_v celebrate_v and_o the_o dung_n and_o garbage_n of_o the_o slay_a victim_n be_v cast_v into_o alpheus_n therefore_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o direct_a current_n they_o be_v cast_v up_o in_o sicilia_n 5._o the_o river_n guadiana_n between_o portugal_n and_o biscay_n in_o time_n past_o call_v anas_n whole_o obscure_v itself_o at_o medelina_n and_o about_o 8_o german_a mile_n further_a discover_v itself_o again_o 6._o dan_o which_o flow_v with_o the_o river_n jor_n make_v jordan_n break_v forth_o some_o mile_n from_o its_o fountain_n phiala_n straw_n or_o rush_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o same_o be_v find_v and_o discover_v in_o the_o fountain_n or_o proruption_n of_o the_o river_n dan._n the_o reason_n why_o these_o river_n hide_v themselves_o under_o the_o earth_n and_o again_o emerge_n be_v 1._o the_o obstacle_n of_o a_o more_o elevate_a place_n than_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n 2._o either_o perchance_o some_o cavity_n exist_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o some_o inconstant_a matter_n which_o easy_o give_v place_n to_o the_o glide_a river_n there_o be_v also_o other_o river_n which_o hide_v themselves_o under_o the_o earth_n but_o do_v not_o again_o emerge_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n vii_o most_o of_o the_o great_a and_o indifferent_a river_n as_o also_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o lesser_a do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o a_o lake_n and_o the_o place_n where_o this_o exoneration_n be_v make_v be_v term_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n some_o river_n have_v one_o some_o three_o and_o some_o more_o such_o mouth_n some_o of_o the_o river_n of_o indifferent_a magnitude_n as_o also_o the_o lesser_a sort_n discharge_v themselves_o into_o great_a river_n the_o other_o either_o stagnate_n or_o be_v suck_v up_o by_o the_o earth_n lake_n most_o river_n both_o great_a and_o small_a lose_v themselves_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o lake_n concern_v the_o great_a river_n the_o thing_n be_v evident_a by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o rhine_n the_o danube_n the_o wolga_n and_o such_o like_a for_o the_o danube_n be_v exonerate_v into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n by_o seven_o mouth_n the_o wolga_n have_v at_o least_o seventy_o outlet_n or_o mouth_n the_o nile_n have_v seven_o and_o where_o it_o overflow_v more_o the_o cause_n why_o great_a river_n do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n be_v their_o abundance_n of_o water_n and_o vehement_a course_n now_o why_o they_o have_v more_o outlet_n than_o one_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a reason_n for_o the_o same_o 1._o the_o abundance_n of_o water_n 2._o the_o generation_n of_o sand_n and_o ridge_n in_o the_o mouth_n which_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n be_v so_o augment_v that_o they_o become_v either_o part_n of_o the_o land_n or_o island_n and_o so_o cause_n that_o the_o river_n glide_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o branch_n and_o when_o many_o such_o ridge_n be_v generate_v the_o river_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o branch_n or_o one_o mouth_n into_o many_o but_o then_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o mouth_n be_v carry_v forward_o and_o the_o sea_n recede_v from_o
the_o land_n men._n course_n of_o water_n often_o make_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o men._n the_o ancient_n testify_v that_o the_o nile_n in_o time_n past_a let_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n by_o one_o mouth_n which_o be_v term_v canobus_n unto_o these_o two_o former_a cause_n a_o three_o may_v be_v add_v viz._n human_a industry_n for_o man_n oftentimes_o from_o some_o river_n derive_v course_n of_o water_n and_o prepare_v a_o passage_n or_o channel_n for_o they_o into_o the_o sea_n partly_o to_o water_v their_o field_n and_o partly_o for_o the_o convenience_n of_o navigation_n which_o aqueduct_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n become_v great_a therefore_o the_o ancient_n write_v and_o that_o not_o without_o probability_n that_o all_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o nile_n except_o canobus_n be_v make_v by_o man_n but_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v treat_v more_o full_o in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n where_o also_o shall_v be_v declare_v how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o one_o river_n flow_v into_o the_o channel_n of_o another_o wolchda_n in_o moscovia_n not_o wolga_n arise_v from_o a_o lake_n and_o exonerate_v itself_o into_o another_o lake_n river_n and_o riveret_n which_o neither_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o into_o other_o river_n be_v either_o arm_n or_o branch_n of_o other_o river_n or_o else_o peculiar_a river_n those_o which_o be_v branch_n of_o other_o river_n very_o probable_o do_v stagnate_n and_o go_v not_o under_o the_o earth_n now_o the_o cause_n why_o they_o tend_v not_o towards_o the_o sea_n be_v twofold_a 1._o because_o the_o channel_n be_v not_o so_o deep_a and_o therefore_o they_o have_v not_o much_o water_n 2._o the_o more_o hard_a earth_n hinder_v the_o progress_n 3._o many_o of_o they_o be_v make_v to_o water_v the_o field_n and_o for_o the_o more_o easy_a use_n of_o water_n 4._o the_o mouth_n be_v obstruct_v the_o sea_n depart_v and_o the_o land_n augment_v or_o promote_a towards_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o bank_n or_o ridge_n generate_v in_o the_o channel_n be_v so_o augment_v that_o they_o admit_v of_o no_o water_n but_o repel_v it_o so_o that_o branch_n of_o the_o rhine_n which_o former_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o belgic_a ocean_n near_o the_o village_n of_o the_o catti_n now_o stagnate_v in_o the_o midway_n between_o leyden_n and_o that_o village_n but_o those_o peculiar_a river_n which_o neither_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n nor_o into_o other_o river_n but_o rise_v in_o the_o earth_n seem_v to_o be_v absorb_v by_o the_o earth_n these_o river_n be_v very_o small_a also_o few_o as_o also_o those_o that_o flow_v from_o the_o mountainous_a place_n of_o peru_n india_n and_o africa_n be_v swallow_v up_o either_o within_o the_o sandy_a soil_n or_o be_v abscond_v in_o the_o earth_n so_o at_o meten_v a_o village_n in_o arabia_n near_o the_o gulf_n be_v find_v a_o river_n with_o a_o glorious_a channel_n under_o these_o reed_n in_o the_o summer_n season_n the_o stream_n hide_v themselves_o with_o such_o a_o silent_a course_n that_o there_o appear_v nothing_o of_o humidity_n on_o the_o top_n but_o if_o that_o no_o way_n be_v admit_v to_o these_o riveret_n under_o the_o earth_n they_o make_v marsh_n and_o small_a lake_n notwithstanding_o some_o run_n with_o so_o slow_a a_o stream_n that_o almost_o so_o much_o be_v separate_v by_o exhalation_n as_o they_o receive_v by_o the_o stream_n and_o so_o be_v stay_v on_o the_o earth_n and_o neither_o make_v lake_n nor_o be_v absorb_v as_o the_o riveret_n conitra_fw-mi salle_n marefsa_n jeleesa_fw-mi and_o other_o in_o moscovia_n proposition_n viii_o whether_o the_o passage_n or_o channel_n through_o which_o the_o river_n run_v be_v make_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n or_o by_o nature_n rivers_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o rivers_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o channel_n of_o those_o river_n which_o be_v not_o generate_v with_o the_o earth_n be_v make_v by_o hand_n on_o those_o very_a account_n 1._o because_o that_o experience_n testify_v that_o when_o new_a fountain_n do_v flow_v the_o water_n so_o flow_v out_o make_v not_o a_o certain_a channel_n to_o itself_o but_o do_v dilate_v itself_o through_o the_o adjacent_a land_n and_o therefore_o if_o that_o it_o must_v flow_v there_o be_v need_n of_o the_o help_n of_o man_n to_o hollow_a a_o channel_n 2._o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o man_n have_v make_v many_o channel_n so_o the_o chineses_n make_v a_o channel_n by_o which_o water_n rune_v from_o the_o yellow_a river_n into_o another_o river_n 3._o because_o lake_n and_o marsh_n do_v confirm_v the_o same_o such_o as_o be_v find_v about_o the_o fountain_n of_o many_o river_n that_o be_v on_o a_o plain_a such_o as_o be_v those_o lake_n or_o marsh_n from_o which_o the_o nile_n tanais_n wolga_n and_o other_o do_v flow_v which_o lake_n we_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o be_v generate_v and_o conserve_v from_o the_o effusion_n of_o water_n make_v round_o about_o by_o the_o fountain_n and_o therefore_o man_n make_v a_o certain_a channel_n to_o defend_v their_o field_n from_o such_o a_o water_n into_o which_o channel_n the_o water_n may_v fall_v and_o drain_v the_o land_n the_o same_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o river_n who_o spring_n be_v on_o the_o mountain_n of_o affinity_n to_o this_o proposition_n be_v this_o other_o viz._n whether_o that_o river_n which_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o other_o or_o meet_v together_o make_v that_o passage_n by_o their_o motion_n or_o whether_o they_o be_v bring_v into_o they_o by_o man_n which_o make_v a_o channel_n the_o latter_a seem_v more_o probable_a for_o the_o reason_n before_o allege_a the_o same_o must_v be_v observe_v concern_v the_o branch_n of_o river_n and_o circumduction_n by_o which_o island_n be_v make_v in_o the_o tanais_n wolga_n etc._n etc._n rivers_n of_o isle_n make_v in_o rivers_n so_o one_o arm_n of_o the_o euphrates_n former_o pass_v through_o the_o ghaldean_a marsh_n be_v let_v out_o into_o the_o sea_n afterward_o it_o leave_v its_o course_n many_o aqueduct_n and_o channel_n be_v make_v by_o the_o native_n to_o water_n their_o ground_n neither_o do_v it_o arrive_v to_o the_o sea_n its_o mouth_n be_v obstruct_v and_o its_o water_n be_v partly_o take_v up_o in_o the_o aqueduct_n that_o be_v make_v and_o partly_o avert_v into_o the_o other_o arm_n which_o exonerate_v itself_o into_o the_o tigris_n and_o so_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o case_n of_o other_o river_n which_o we_o now_o see_v do_v not_o go_v forward_o into_o the_o sea_n but_o to_o stagnate_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o in_o time_n past_a they_o do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n proposition_n ix_o why_o no_o salt_n rivers_n be_v find_v see_v that_o salt-spring_n be_v find_v in_o many_o place_n find_v the_o reason_n why_o no_o salt_n river_n be_v find_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o man_n have_v no_o need_n of_o salt-water_n and_o therefore_o make_v no_o channel_n by_o which_o the_o water_n of_o the_o salt_n fountain_n may_v flow_v by_o reason_n that_o they_o can_v have_v salt_n at_o a_o easy_a rate_n but_o if_o that_o a_o fit_a channel_n be_v prepare_v from_o those_o salt_n spring_n we_o shall_v have_v salt_n rivers_n such_o as_o be_v in_o lunenburgh_n and_o other_o place_n under_o the_o earth_n neither_o do_v we_o question_v but_o that_o many_o river_n of_o salt-water_n do_v flow_v from_o their_o fountain_n under_o the_o earth_n proposition_n x._o the_o channel_n of_o river_n by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v the_o more_o near_o their_o fountain_n by_o so_o much_o they_o be_v the_o more_o high_a and_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v the_o more_o near_o the_o mouth_n of_o river_n and_o the_o sea_n by_o so_o much_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v the_o more_o depress_v rivers_n furthermore_o of_o channel_n of_o rivers_n but_o in_o some_o channel_n some_o part_n more_o remove_v from_o the_o spring_n be_v high_o than_o that_o part_n more_o near_o to_o the_o fountain_n either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o valley_n as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v in_o their_o channel_n or_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o whirlpool_n yet_o no_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v high_a than_o the_o fountain_n water_n the_o flow_v of_o water_n the_o cause_n or_o reason_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a because_o that_o water_n flow_v not_o but_o from_o a_o place_n more_o high_a to_o a_o place_n more_o low_a and_o so_o every_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n especial_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n be_v low_a than_o the_o spring_n for_o otherwise_o it_o will_v flow_v back_o again_o to_o the_o fountain_n now_o that_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o channel_n do_v decrease_v even_o to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n that_o at_o least_o be_v true_a concern_v many_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n for_o because_o here_o
and_o there_o be_v find_v whirlpool_n in_o a_o river_n place_n more_o depress_v and_o on_o the_o contrary_a ridge_n and_o little_a hill_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o one_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n although_o more_o remove_v from_o the_o spring_n be_v high_a than_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n which_o be_v more_o nigh_o the_o fountain_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o this_o to_o that_o because_o that_o quantity_n of_o water_n flow_v into_o the_o place_n depress_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o become_v high_a than_o the_o little_a hillock_n or_o ridge_n or_o the_o vicine_fw-la patt_n which_o be_v more_o elevate_v lie_v towards_o the_o mouth_n and_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o river_n to_o be_v find_v who_o channel_n have_v not_o these_o inequality_n especial_o in_o the_o nile_n and_o wolga_n these_o ridge_n do_v abound_v what_o a_o cataract_n what_o and_o where_o the_o water_n fall_v from_o a_o high_a place_n to_o a_o more_o depress_a part_n of_o the_o channel_n if_o the_o depression_n be_v great_a the_o place_n be_v term_v the_o cataract_n of_o the_o river_n where_o the_o river_n rune_v downward_o with_o a_o great_a violence_n such_o cataract_n great_a river_n have_v especial_o the_o nile_n for_o the_o nile_n in_o two_o place_n of_o his_o channel_n fall_v down_o between_o the_o mountain_n with_o that_o noise_n and_o rapidness_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v report_v to_o be_v deafen_a by_o the_o same_o wolgda_n also_o a_o small_a river_n in_o moscovia_n not_o wolga_n have_v two_o cataract_n near_o ladoga_n so_o the_o zaire_n a_o river_n in_o congo_n six_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n have_v a_o cataract_n where_o it_o fall_v from_o a_o mountain_n also_o the_o rhine_n at_o belefilda_n and_o scaffusia_n fall_v with_o a_o great_a noise_n but_o drainer_n have_v observe_v that_o if_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v depress_v one_o pass_n in_o 200_o pace_n it_o will_v hardly_o be_v navigable_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o celerity_n see_v therefore_o that_o all_o great_a river_n be_v navigable_a we_o infer_v that_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v no_o great_a than_o one_o pass_n or_o mile_n in_o 200_o but_o particular_a cataract_n and_o whirlpool_n be_v except_v now_o this_o depression_n of_o one_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n beneath_o the_o other_o part_n be_v term_v libramentum_fw-la and_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n beneath_o the_o place_n of_o the_o fountain_n be_v term_v the_o libramentum_fw-la of_o the_o river_n proposition_n xi_o why_o river_n have_v or_o acquire_v a_o great_a latitude_n in_o one_o part_n of_o they_o than_o in_o the_o other_o rivers_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o rivers_n the_o cause_n be_v fourfold_a 1._o if_o that_o the_o bank_n or_o shore_n be_v more_o low_a in_o this_o part_n than_o in_o that_o 2._o if_o that_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o shore_n be_v less_o hard_a and_o coherent_a as_o not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o resist_v the_o violent_a access_n of_o the_o river_n which_o sometime_o proceed_v from_o the_o wind_n or_o plenty_n of_o water_n 3._o if_o that_o the_o channel_n on_o that_o part_n be_v less_o profound_a or_o hallow_v or_o have_v ridge_n and_o 4._o if_o that_o it_o flow_v from_o any_o cataract_n into_o that_o part_n proposition_n xii_o the_o channel_n of_o river_n become_v more_o or_o less_o depress_v sometime_o in_o this_o and_o sometime_o in_o that_o part_n they_o become_v less_o depress_v or_o elevate_v and_o not_o so_o hollow_a 1._o if_o that_o ridge_n be_v generate_v 2._o if_o that_o the_o river_n become_v more_o broad_a on_o that_o part_n 3._o if_o that_o the_o flux_n become_v less_o swift_a the_o depression_n or_o cavity_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v augment_v if_o that_o the_o flux_n of_o the_o river_n be_v more_o vehement_a and_o swift_a especial_o from_o some_o cataract_n or_o between_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o shore_n more_o especial_o if_o that_o the_o whole_a bottom_n consist_v of_o earth_n less_o coherent_a proposition_n xiii_o why_o some_o river_n run_v with_o a_o more_o swift_a current_n and_o other_o with_o a_o more_o slow_a and_o why_o one_o and_o the_o same_o river_n be_v carry_v with_o a_o swift_a current_n in_o one_o place_n and_o with_o a_o slow_a in_o another_o which_o be_v observe_v of_o the_o rhine_n in_o many_o place_n rivers_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o rivers_n the_o cause_n be_v 1._o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o spring_n 2._o the_o depression_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n or_o bottom_n especial_o in_o the_o mouth_n for_o if_o that_o the_o bottom_n be_v depress_v one_o mile_n in_o two_o hundred_o drainer_n have_v observe_v that_o the_o water_n be_v so_o swift_o move_v that_o there_o be_v great_a danger_n in_o sail_v for_o where_o there_o be_v cataract_n there_o the_o river_n rush_v with_o a_o mighty_a violence_n and_o therefore_o torrent_n be_v carry_v so_o furious_o because_o that_o they_o flow_v from_o mountain_n 3._o the_o straightness_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o profundity_n join_v with_o a_o abundant_a quantity_n of_o water_n as_o when_o river_n pass_v between_o two_o mountain_n or_o procurrent_a land_n river_n famous_a for_o their_o swift_a course_n be_v the_o tigris_n indus_n danube_n yrtiis_fw-la malmistra_fw-la that_o flow_v with_o so_o great_a a_o noise_n that_o it_o may_v be_v hear_v a_o great_a distance_n off_o proposition_n fourteen_o the_o mouth_n of_o river_n may_v be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o easy_o obstruct_v by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v the_o more_o broad_a and_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v the_o deep_a or_o less_o depress_v and_o by_o how_o much_o there_o be_v less_o quantity_n of_o water_n and_o the_o flux_n be_v less_o swift_a and_o vehement_a for_o these_o cause_n make_v the_o river_n to_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o lesser_a violence_n neither_o do_v it_o thrust_v forth_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n which_o be_v collect_v in_o its_o mouth_n but_o rather_o suffer_v it_o to_o sink_v proposition_n xv._o very_o few_o river_n be_v carry_v in_o a_o direct_a course_n from_o the_o spring_n to_o the_o outlet_a many_o seek_v divers_a quarter_n in_o their_o flux_n and_o some_o flow_n with_o many_o wind_n spring_n the_o course_n of_o river_n from_o the_o spring_n the_o cause_n seem_v partly_o to_o be_v the_o industry_n of_o man_n partly_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n partly_o the_o interposition_n of_o a_o ridge_n or_o bank_n in_o its_o direct_a course_n wind_v river_n be_v 1._o rio_n de_fw-fr orellana_n in_o brazilia_n make_v innumerable_a wind_n so_o that_o its_o passage_n or_o channel_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v above_o 1500_o mile_n when_o in_o a_o direct_a line_n from_o the_o spring_n of_o it_o to_o the_o mouth_n be_v only_o 700_o mile_n 2._o the_o river_n de_fw-fr madres_n in_o anatolia_n which_o have_v 600_o wind_a 3._o the_o river_n toera_n arise_v in_o siberica_n flow_v with_o so_o many_o curvature_n or_o wind_n and_o the_o russian_n and_o siberian_o when_o they_o sail_v in_o it_o carry_v the_o boat_n or_o small_a vessel_n and_o its_o lade_n by_o land_n from_o one_o wind_v to_o another_o to_o avoid_v great_a expense_n proposition_n xvi_o whether_o the_o lake_n through_o which_o some_o river_n do_v seem_v to_o pass_v or_o to_o enter_v into_o and_o to_o go_v out_o from_o be_v cause_v by_o river_n or_o whether_o they_o have_v their_o peculiar_a spring_n and_o augment_v the_o water_n of_o rivers_n also_o whether_o that_o a_o river_n flow_v from_o a_o lake_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o which_o flow_v in_o lake_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o lake_n all_o river_n have_v not_o such_o lake_n but_o some_o only_o nubia_n a_o river_n of_o africa_n have_v five_o the_o river_n niger_n four_z rhodanus_n the_o lake_n lemanus_n etc._n etc._n concern_v those_o lake_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n viz._n that_o a_o river_n go_v forth_o must_v be_v compare_v with_o that_o which_o enter_v in_o if_o that_o which_o go_v forth_o be_v great_a than_o that_o which_o enter_v in_o there_o will_v be_v peculiar_a spring_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o lake_n which_o cause_v that_o river_n but_o if_o that_o a_o lesser_a or_o at_o least_o not_o great_a go_v forth_o this_o lake_n be_v make_v and_o conserve_v by_o the_o river_n enter_v in_o and_o the_o cause_n or_o original_n of_o its_o generation_n be_v the_o latitude_n and_o cavity_n or_o depression_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o a_o lake_n may_v be_v make_v from_o any_o river_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n although_o the_o river_n go_v forth_o be_v situate_v almost_o in_o a_o direct_a line_n with_o the_o river_n enter_v in_o yet_o those_o two_o river_n shall_v be_v account_v one_o river_n or_o the_o part_n of_o one_o river_n viz._n when_o that_o which_o go_v forth_o be_v
great_a than_o that_o which_o enter_v in_o for_o if_o it_o be_v lesser_a or_o no_o great_a i_o think_v we_o ought_v not_o to_o question_v whether_o that_o which_o go_v forth_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o which_o come_v in_o other_o note_n or_o sign_n be_v in_o some_o as_o the_o rhodanus_n enter_v the_o lake_n lemanus_n and_o again_o go_v forth_o and_o yet_o cause_v not_o that_o lake_n which_o be_v discover_v beside_o other_o token_n from_o the_o colour_n which_o this_o river_n bear_v contrary_a to_o the_o lake_n neither_o do_v the_o rhine_n cause_n any_o lake_n but_o be_v produce_v and_o conserve_v from_o water_n bubble_v under_o the_o earth_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o propose_v these_o as_o undoubted_a proposition_n xvii_o most_o river_n be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o broad_a by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v near_o to_o their_o mouth_n or_o remove_v from_o their_o spring_n and_o great_a be_v their_o latitude_n in_o their_o mouth_n or_o outlet_n spring_n the_o mouth_n of_o river_n broad_a than_o at_o their_o spring_n the_o cause_n be_v 1._o because_o other_o river_n enter_v into_o that_o which_o exonerate_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v augment_v 2._o because_o the_o channel_n be_v less_o depress_v in_o the_o part_n near_o the_o mouth_n 3._o because_o that_o the_o water_n be_v force_v back_o by_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o mouth_n to_o the_o fountain_n which_o violence_n be_v only_o discover_v in_o the_o part_n near_o to_o the_o mouth_n not_o in_o those_o remote_a and_o near_o the_o fountain_n 4._o the_o sea_n itself_o when_o such_o a_o wind_n blow_v enter_v the_o mouth_n and_o render_v it_o more_o large_a and_o broad_a by_o vehement_a agitation_n and_o by_o so_o much_o the_o outlet_n be_v large_a and_o broad_a in_o great_a river_n by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v the_o few_o great_a be_v the_o mouth_n or_o outlet_n of_o the_o river_n maragnon_n in_o brazilia_n of_o st._n laurence_n in_o canada_n of_o the_o zaire_n in_o africa_n of_o rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plate_n in_o brazilia_n for_o this_o river_n be_v carry_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o a_o outlet_a of_o 40_o mile_n as_o some_o have_v observe_v or_o as_o other_o of_o 20_o mile_n only_o and_o i_o suppose_v those_o that_o write_v of_o 40_o mile_n comprehend_v the_o other_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n together_o those_o who_o have_v be_v in_o congo_n relate_v that_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o zaire_n be_v 28_o mile_n and_o these_o river_n send_v forth_o such_o a_o large_a quantity_n of_o water_n overcome_v and_o obscure_v both_o the_o salt_n taste_v of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n towards_o the_o shore_n and_o that_o unto_o 10_o or_o 12_o mile_n in_o the_o sea_n proposition_n xviii_o the_o water_n of_o rivers_n carry_v with_o it_o many_o particle_n of_o various_a metal_n mineral_n sand_n of_o oily_a or_o fat_a body_n they_o river_n in_o their_o course_n carry_v various_a thing_n with_o they_o some_o river_n carry_v gold_n that_o be_v sand_n mix_v with_o some_o grain_n of_o gold_n and_o such_o be_v 1._o some_o in_o japan_n 2._o in_o the_o island_n of_o lequeo_fw-la not_o far_o from_o japan_n 3._o a_o riveret_n call_v arroe_n in_o africa_n which_o spring_v in_o monomotapa_n from_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o which_o mountain_n there_o be_v golden_a mine_n and_o it_o flow_v into_o magnice_n a_o river_n in_o soffalae_n 4._o in_o guiney_n where_o the_o negro_n separate_v these_o grain_n from_o the_o sand_n and_o sell_v it_o or_o exchange_v it_o with_o the_o european_n for_o toy_n or_o slight_a commodity_n 5._o in_o the_o riveret_n about_o mexico_n grain_n of_o gold_n be_v also_o gather_v up_o especial_o after_o shower_n of_o rain_n which_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o all_o these_o riveret_n for_o except_v in_o the_o time_n of_o shower_n scarce_o any_o or_o very_o little_a be_v find_v 6._o in_o peru._n 7._o in_o sumatra_n 8._o in_o cuba_n 9_o in_o hispaniola_n and_o other_o adjacent_a isle_n 10._o in_o guiana_n a_o province_n in_o america_n 11._o in_o the_o river_n of_o caribana_n great_a grain_n be_v find_v after_o shower_n 12._o many_o riveret_n and_o spring_n be_v find_v in_o the_o region_n about_o the_o alps_n in_o germany_n especial_o in_o the_o province_n of_o tirol_n from_o the_o water_n of_o which_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v extract_v although_o nothing_o of_o grain_n be_v conspicuous_a in_o they_o because_o they_o carry_v very_o small_a particle_n or_o atom_n the_o rhine_n also_o carry_v golden_a clay_n in_o many_o place_n as_o also_o the_o abbis_n in_o time_n past_o the_o river_n tagus_n be_v famous_a for_o roll_a down_o sand-gold_n but_o at_o this_o day_n no_o such_o be_v find_v in_o it_o neither_o do_v i_o remember_v that_o any_o river_n in_o europe_n be_v celebrate_v for_o such_o riches_n also_o in_o hassia_n at_o this_o time_n a_o small_a river_n be_v report_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o sand_n of_o which_o be_v grain_n of_o gold_n but_o i_o have_v read_v no_o author_n worthy_a of_o credit_n concern_v it_o no_o silver_n rivers_n or_o riveret_n be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o writer_n yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o there_o as_o many_o or_o more_o riveret_n which_o carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n but_o because_o they_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o discover_v from_o the_o sand_n and_o no_o great_a gain_n can_v be_v obtain_v therefore_o it_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v observe_v by_o any_o the_o same_o be_v also_o the_o cause_n why_o we_o meet_v with_o no_o mention_n of_o those_o riveret_n that_o carry_v grain_n of_o iron_n copper_n tin_n except_o of_o very_a few_o of_o which_o questionless_a there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n the_o admirable_a effect_n of_o which_o be_v discover_v man_n admire_v and_o be_v amaze_v and_o vulgar_a philosopher_n fly_v to_o a_o occult_a quality_n let_v we_o only_o cast_v a_o eye_n on_o that_o river_n in_o upper_a germany_n germany_n a_o strange_a river_n in_o germany_n which_o change_v iron_n into_o copper_n as_o the_o vulgar_a think_v so_o that_o if_o you_o hang_v a_o iron_n shoe_n in_o it_o you_o will_v draw_v it_o out_o copper_n but_o the_o iron_n be_v not_o change_v into_o copper_n as_o be_v vulgar_o suppose_v but_o the_o grain_n and_o particle_n of_o copper_n and_o vitriol_n that_o be_v in_o this_o river_n corrode_v the_o iron_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o iron_n be_v remove_v those_o of_o the_o copper_n succeed_v in_o their_o place_n this_o the_o modern_a physician_n that_o be_v skilful_a in_o chemistry_n have_v learn_v by_o another_o experiment_n much_o less_o be_v the_o riveret_n that_o be_v impregnate_v with_o many_o particle_n of_o kind_n of_o earth_n and_o salt_n observe_v but_o we_o shall_v explain_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n the_o mineral_n and_o metallick_n spring_v from_o this_o admixture_n of_o various_a particle_n proceed_v the_o great_a diversity_n of_o water_n in_o river_n and_o wells_n the_o water_n of_o some_o if_o that_o you_o use_v it_o to_o boil_v meat_n make_v it_o black_a which_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o it_o be_v impregnate_v with_o iron_n neither_o be_v pease_n so_o easy_o soften_v as_o when_o they_o be_v boil_a in_o other_o water_n which_o be_v somewhat_o more_o fat_a of_o divers_a water_n the_o same_o or_o like_a beer_n can_v be_v make_v now_o the_o albis_n be_v of_o the_o number_n of_o these_o fat_a one_o as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o variety_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v from_o the_o variety_n of_o the_o land_n through_o which_o the_o river_n rune_v which_o be_v either_o stony_a gravelly_a or_o metallic_v and_o experience_n testify_v that_o river_n who_o water_n be_v fat_a do_v run_v through_o clayie_a land_n so_o all_o the_o place_n that_o adjoyn_v to_o the_o albis_n be_v fruitful_a proposition_n xix_o the_o water_n of_o most_o river_n differ_v in_o colour_n gravity_n and_o other_o quality_n quality_n the_o water_n of_o most_o river_n be_v of_o different_a quality_n for_o some_o water_n be_v black_a some_o incline_n to_o black_a some_o incline_n to_o red_a some_z to_z white_z and_o this_o diversity_n of_o they_o be_v chief_o note_v when_o that_o two_o river_n do_v meet_v for_o we_o may_v discover_v for_o many_o mile_n those_o water_n where_o now_o they_o exist_v in_o the_o same_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n from_o whence_o also_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o differ_v in_o gravity_n when_o that_o one_o rather_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o channel_n than_o the_o other_o although_o this_o be_v make_v more_o manifest_a by_o the_o examination_n by_o weight_n the_o water_n of_o the_o ganges_n be_v account_v the_o most_o wholesome_a and_o the_o most_o light_a and_o
and_o pellucid_a if_o that_o no_o moss_n or_o reed_n grow_v about_o it_o or_o if_o that_o the_o place_n be_v not_o defile_v with_o any_o filth_n but_o a_o pure_a show_n these_o sign_n show_v it_o to_o be_v tenuous_a and_o very_a wholesome_a proposition_n xxv_o a_o place_n be_v give_v to_o make_v a_o apparent_a fountain_n in_o it_o if_o that_o it_o be_v possible_a v._n see_v proposition_n v._n that_o be_v term_v a_o apparent_a spring_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o the_o proposition_n where_o the_o water_n spout_v out_o be_v send_v from_o a_o more_o high_a place_n through_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n now_o such_o a_o spring_n may_v be_v make_v if_o that_o any_o lake_n river_n or_o fountain_n be_v in_o the_o adjacent_a land_n viz._n a_o pipe_n or_o channel_n must_v be_v make_v under_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o give_v place_n to_o the_o adjacent_a lake_n or_o river_n through_o which_o the_o water_n may_v flow_v to_o the_o give_v place_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n xxvi_o to_o bring_v a_o river_n from_o a_o give_v fountain_n or_o river_n to_o the_o place_n give_v if_o that_o the_o fountain_n or_o river_n give_v be_v high_a than_o the_o place_n give_v the_o work_n will_v be_v easy_a now_o this_o be_v find_v out_o by_o geodetical_a or_o survey_a instrument_n and_o the_o operation_n itself_o be_v term_v or_o say_v to_o wash_v the_o place_n for_o the_o lead_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o fountain_n and_o the_o place_n give_v be_v term_v the_o libramentum_fw-la of_o the_o river_n to_o be_v lead_v therefore_o a_o channel_n must_v be_v dug_n from_o the_o fountain_n or_o river_n unto_o the_o place_n give_v the_o librament_n of_o which_o must_v be_v great_a or_o lesser_a as_o we_o will_v have_v the_o river_n to_o be_v swift_a or_o slow_a for_o the_o problem_n be_v undeterminate_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o aqueduct_n that_o the_o celerity_n of_o the_o flux_n may_v be_v moderate_a it_o be_v thus_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o channel_n of_o two_o hundred_o foot_n the_o depression_n be_v no_o less_o than_o half_a a_o foot_n for_o otherwise_o the_o water_n will_v not_o flow_v or_o else_o it_o will_v overflow_v vitruvius_n in_o one_o hundred_o foot_n require_v no_o less_o depression_n than_o half_a a_o foot_n neither_o ought_v it_o to_o be_v great_a than_o a_o whole_a foot_n or_o at_o most_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a otherwise_o it_o will_v flow_v with_o a_o over_o violent_a and_o quick_a course_n but_o if_o that_o the_o fountain_n be_v not_o high_o in_o the_o give_v place_n there_o will_v be_v need_n of_o instrument_n concern_v which_o you_o must_v consult_v mechanic_n as_o also_o concern_v many_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o this_o affair_n by_o this_o problem_n also_o be_v make_v a_o conjunction_n of_o two_o river_n when_o that_o a_o channel_n be_v draw_v from_o one_o river_n into_o another_o that_o a_o navigation_n may_v be_v make_v from_o one_o into_o another_o as_o from_o duina_n into_o the_o next_o river_n from_o tanais_n into_o wolga_n from_o the_o river_n flamus_n in_o china_n into_o nanchina_n proposition_n xxvii_o some_o river_n be_v note_v and_o famous_a for_o long_a tract_n some_o for_o latitude_n some_o for_o quickness_n of_o course_n some_o for_o the_o peculiar_a property_n of_o the_o water_n that_o they_o carry_v some_o for_o one_o or_o two_o of_o these_o cause_n occasion_n river_n be_v note_v for_o several_a occasion_n the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n need_v no_o probation_n i_o will_v only_o reckon_v up_o here_o those_o river_n which_o be_v the_o big_a of_o all_o viz._n those_o of_o a_o long_a tract_n which_o also_o be_v famous_a for_o latitude_n such_o only_o be_v sixteen_o in_o the_o whole_a earth_n as_o yet_o know_v viz._n the_o nile_n ob_fw-la jeniscea_n orellana_n rio_n del_fw-it plata_fw-la parana_n maragnon_n omarranna_n ganges_n danube_n canada_n or_o st._n laurence_n niger_n nubia_n wolga_n jansu_n and_o flavus_n after_o those_o these_o follow_a be_v famous_a for_o the_o breadth_n of_o their_o channel_n but_o not_o for_o the_o length_n of_o their_o course_n and_o which_o be_v about_o twenty_o in_o number_n viz._n the_o indus_n zaire_n cuama_n the_o river_n from_o the_o lake_n chiamay_n euphrates_n tanais_n petzora_n pesida_n tabat_fw-la yrtiis_fw-la santa_fw-it esprit_fw-fr amana_n magdalen_n julian_n st._n jaques_n rhine_n albis_n mosa_n borysthenes_n and_o totouteack_n we_o shall_v only_o here_o contemplate_v the_o course_n of_o the_o ten_o great_a river_n leave_v the_o more_o accurate_a explication_n of_o they_o and_o the_o other_o river_n to_o special_a geography_n nile_n the_o river_n nile_n 1._o nilus_n niger_n ganges_n run_v almost_o a_o strait_a course_n the_o rest_n have_v many_o and_o those_o vast_a curvature_n the_o spring_n of_o the_o nile_n be_v place_v in_o the_o lake_n zaire_n in_o the_o south_n latitude_n of_o 10_o degree_n its_o mouth_n canobus_n be_v in_o the_o north_n latitude_n of_o 31_o degree_n it_o flow_v from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o north_n in_o some_o place_n it_o send_v forth_o itself_o in_o a_o broad_a space_n in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v very_o narrow_a it_o have_v two_o cataract_n its_o tract_n or_o longitude_n be_v about_o 630_o german_a mile_n or_o 2520_o italian_a mile_n for_o which_o may_v be_v set_v down_o 3000_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o wind_n it_o overflow_v every_o year_n as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o treat_v of_o niger_n the_o river_n niger_n 2._o niger_n a_o river_n in_o africa_n who_o fountain_n or_o spring_n be_v in_o the_o 11_o degree_n of_o north_n latitude_n from_o the_o lake_n some_o write_v that_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o nile_n by_o a_o subterranean_a passage_n the_o sign_n of_o it_o be_v that_o it_o overflow_v every_o year_n at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o the_o nile_n do_v one_o of_o its_o mouth_n be_v in_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o latitude_n in_o which_o the_o spring_n be_v but_o it_o be_v more_o remove_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la than_o 15_o degree_n of_o latitude_n it_o flow_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n in_o some_o place_n it_o hide_v itself_o under_o the_o earth_n and_o again_o emerge_v it_o be_v tract_n be_v about_o 600_o german_a mile_n but_o it_o will_v be_v lesser_a if_o that_o you_o whole_o neglect_v its_o great_a and_o note_a bend_n and_o large_a if_o that_o all_o shall_v be_v reckon_v ganges_n the_o river_n ganges_n 3._o ganges_n in_o asia_n it_o be_v most_o remote_a fountain_n be_v place_v in_o the_o north_n latitude_n of_o 43_o degree_n in_o tartary_n but_o some_o bring_v it_o back_o to_o 33_o degree_n its_o mouth_n be_v in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 22_o degree_n it_o flow_v from_o north_n to_o south_n it_o be_v course_n be_v about_o 300_o german_a mile_n it_o overflow_v every_o year_n oâ—_n the_o river_n oâ—_n 4._o ob_fw-la also_o in_o asia_n very_o great_a and_o every_o where_o broad_a its_o spring_n be_v place_v in_o the_o 48_o degree_n of_o north_n latitude_n in_o the_o mountain_n of_o tartary_n near_o the_o stone-tower_n it_o be_v mouth_n be_v in_o the_o 69_o degree_n of_o latitude_n its_o tract_n be_v about_o 400_o german_a mile_n omit_v its_o wind_n it_o divaricate_v itself_o into_o two_o arm_n in_o siberia_n or_o rather_o send_v forth_o a_o branch_n from_o its_o self_n which_o have_v finish_v a_o crooked_a passage_n return_v into_o its_o self_n and_o so_o form_v a_o island_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o city_n build_v by_o the_o moscovite_n and_o siberian_o call_v jorgoet_n jeniscea_n the_o river_n jeniscea_n 5._o jeniscea_n another_o river_n in_o asia_n heretofore_o unknown_a to_o geographer_n but_o observe_v by_o the_o moscovite_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v great_a than_o the_o ob_fw-la from_o which_o it_o be_v distant_a ten_o week_n voyage_n towards_o tartary_n at_o the_o oriental_a shore_n of_o which_o a_o ridge_n of_o mountain_n be_v extend_v in_o a_o long_a tract_n on_o the_o occidental_a shore_n inhabit_v a_o people_n call_v tingaesi_fw-la every_o year_n in_o the_o spring_n it_o overflow_v the_o space_n of_o 70_o mile_n towards_o the_o western_a land_n at_o which_o time_n the_o tingaesi_fw-la betake_v themselves_o with_o their_o cattle_n and_o householdstuff_n into_o the_o mountain_n on_o the_o eastern_a shore_n it_o be_v fountain_n and_o outlet_n be_v unknown_a its_o tract_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v no_o lesser_a than_o that_o of_o the_o ob._n pesida_n the_o river_n pesida_n 6._o pesida_n remove_v some_o day_n journey_n towards_o the_o east_n from_o jeniscea_n its_o oriental_a shore_n be_v think_v to_o touch_v on_o china_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cathay_n its_o fountain_n and_o outlet_n be_v unknown_a it_o be_v none_o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o great_a river_n but_o i_o have_v brief_o
touch_v on_o it_o because_o that_o no_o geographer_n have_v hitherto_o make_v mention_n of_o it_o as_o also_o of_o the_o river_n jeniscea_n and_o yrtiis_fw-la orellana_n the_o river_n orellana_n 7._o orellana_n in_o america_n so_o call_v from_o francis_n orelli_n be_v account_v among_o the_o great_a river_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v fountain_n be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o peru_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quito_n in_o the_o south_n latitude_n of_o 72_o degree_n but_o this_o be_v not_o altogether_o certain_a its_o mouth_n be_v fifteen_o mile_n in_o latitude_n two_o degree_n southerly_a it_o be_v tract_n be_v say_v to_o be_v 1500_o spanish_a mile_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o great_a number_n of_o bend_n when_o that_o in_o truth_n it_o extend_v not_o 700._o other_o confound_v with_o it_o or_o make_v the_o river_n maragnon_n to_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o it_o it_o be_v in_o some_o place_n four_o or_o five_o league_n broad_a but_o it_o receive_v not_o its_o water_n so_o much_o from_o a_o spring_n as_o from_o rains_n fall_v on_o the_o mountainous_a part_n of_o peru_n so_o that_o in_o the_o dry_a mouth_n of_o those_o mountain_n it_o carry_v little_a water_n and_o indeed_o the_o modern_n do_v much_o detract_v from_o its_o magnitude_n plata_fw-la rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la 8._o rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la in_o brasilia_n its_o fountain_n be_v in_o the_o mountain_n of_o peru_n its_o mouth_n be_v in_o the_o south_n latitude_n of_o 37_o degree_n and_o that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v about_o twenty_o mile_n but_o when_o it_o overflow_v it_o have_v many_o outlet_n which_o some_o account_n for_o one_o at_o that_o time_n it_o carry_v not_o much_o water_n the_o native_n call_v it_o paramaguasu_n that_o be_v a_o water_n like_o the_o sea_n as_o some_o observe_v omaranna_n the_o river_n omaranna_n 9_o omaranna_n also_o a_o river_n in_o brasilia_n flow_v from_o the_o mountain_n of_o peru_n in_o a_o long_a tract_n these_o three_o great_a river_n in_o brasilia_n viz._n orellana_n rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la and_o omoranna_n meet_v somewhere_o in_o some_o lake_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n of_o brasilia_n and_o emorge_v again_o be_v disjoin_v canada_n the_o river_n canada_n 10._o and_o last_o canada_n or_o st._n laurence_n in_o america_n septentrionalis_n its_o spring_n be_v in_o the_o lake_n call_v des_fw-fr iroquis_fw-la it_o be_v large_a mouth_n be_v in_o the_o 50th_o degree_n of_o north_n latitude_n and_o its_o tract_n be_v no_o lesser_a than_o 600_o german_a mile_n proposition_n xxviii_o whirlpool_n be_v find_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o some_o river_n so_o in_o the_o river_n sommona_n between_o amiens_n and_o abbeville_n in_o picardy_n in_o france_n be_v a_o secret_a whirlpool_n into_o which_o the_o water_n rush_v with_o such_o violence_n that_o their_o sound_n may_v be_v hear_v for_o some_o mile_n proposition_n xxix_o riverwater_n be_v more_o light_a than_o sea-water_n riverwater_n sea-water_n more_o heavy_a than_o riverwater_n the_o cause_n be_v easy_o know_v to_o wit_n sea-water_n carry_v much_o salt_n in_o it_o thence_o it_o happen_v that_o many_o thing_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n in_o rivers_n which_o float_v on_o the_o sea_n which_o frequent_o be_v see_v in_o ship_n heavy_a lade_v that_o be_v raise_v up_o in_o the_o sea_n high_o than_o when_o in_o rivers_n now_o various_a be_v the_o proportion_n betwixt_o these_o water_n because_o that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v not_o every_o where_n of_o the_o same_o gravity_n nor_o the_o water_n of_o divers_a river_n but_o yet_o the_o proportion_n be_v about_o 46_o to_o 45_o so_o that_o 46_o ounce_n of_o riverwater_n do_v equal_o ponderate_v 45_o of_o sea-water_n chap._n xvii_o of_o mineral_n water_n bath_n and_o spaw_n because_o that_o there_o be_v many_o kind_n of_o liquid_a body_n or_o water_n the_o peculiar_a property_n of_o which_o man_n do_v admire_v at_o therefore_o geographer_n be_v wont_a to_o treat_v of_o they_o but_o all_o of_o they_o hitherto_o except_o a_o bare_a recital_n of_o their_o name_n and_o a_o reckon_n up_o of_o some_o wonderful_a fountain_n or_o spring_n have_v add_v nothing_o to_o solid_a knowledge_n but_o we_o shall_v treat_v more_o clear_o of_o they_o and_o that_o with_o a_o declaration_n of_o their_o cause_n proposition_n i._n no_o water_n be_v pure_a and_o elementary_a but_o contain_v or_o have_v admix_v particle_n such_o as_o be_v find_v in_o terrestrial_a body_n these_o particle_n be_v not_o only_a earth_n but_o also_o they_o be_v various_a as_o oil_n spirit_n and_o the_o like_a that_o be_v term_v mineral-water_n which_o contain_v so_o many_o or_o such_o particle_n of_o a_o different_a nature_n from_o the_o water_n so_o that_o from_o they_o it_o gain_v or_o have_v notable_a quality_n which_o we_o discover_v by_o sense_n or_o the_o property_n be_v notable_a by_o sense_n particle_n no_o water_n be_v pure_a but_o have_v admix_v particle_n the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a by_o experience_n and_o be_v prove_v both_o from_o the_o difference_n of_o taste_n and_o from_o distillation_n and_o all_o naturalist_n agree_v that_o simple_a or_o pure_a water_n as_o the_o other_o element_n separate_v from_o other_o do_v not_o exist_v in_o nature_n the_o cause_n be_v the_o various_a and_o perpetual_a agitation_n of_o the_o particle_n but_o in_o water_n that_o i_o may_v say_v somewhat_o in_o particular_a concern_v our_o matter_n in_o hand_n by_o the_o cause_n of_o admixtion_n of_o heterogeneous_a they_o receive_v spiritual_a particle_n the_o rain_n and_o the_o air_n itself_o touch_v the_o water_n consist_v of_o divers_a particle_n therefore_o all_o water_n have_v admix_v particle_n of_o another_o nature_n but_o there_o be_v not_o the_o like_a quantity_n in_o all_o of_o they_o into_o the_o rhine_n indeed_o the_o danube_n and_o albis_n and_o into_o all_o great_a river_n other_o riveret_n do_v flow_v in_o impregnate_v with_o innumerable_a particle_n and_o in_o such_o quantity_n that_o they_o be_v evident_a to_o the_o sense_n but_o because_o beside_o these_o many_o other_o riveret_n do_v flow_v into_o they_o not_o impregnate_v with_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o heterogeneous_a particle_n as_o be_v discoverable_a to_o the_o eye_n and_o because_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o water_n that_o they_o carry_v consist_v of_o rain_n and_o air_n therefore_o also_o in_o these_o great_a river_n those_o heterogeneous_a particle_n be_v not_o easy_o discover_v but_o must_v be_v separate_v from_o they_o by_o art_n if_o that_o any_o one_o will_v have_v they_o discover_v to_o the_o sense_n but_o we_o shall_v especial_o call_v they_o mineral_n water_n which_o have_v some_o notable_a property_n beyond_o the_o common_a water_n that_o be_v that_o contain_v such_o a_o admixture_n of_o heterogeous_a particle_n that_o thence_o possess_v a_o notable_a and_o sensible_a quality_n proposition_n ii_o mineral_n water_n be_v of_o three_o kind_n water_n of_o mineral_n water_n some_o be_v corporeal_a we_o want_v a_o apt_a word_n other_o spiritual_n otheâ—s_v both_o corporeal_a and_o spiritual_a i_o term_v those_o corporeal_a mineral_n water_n which_o contain_v solid_a and_o fix_a particle_n of_o mineral_n so_o that_o these_o may_v be_v discover_v and_o separate_v by_o the_o sight_n these_o corporeal_a body_n be_v twofold_a some_o carry_v those_o particle_n of_o mineral_n of_o a_o very_a great_a magnitude_n that_o without_o any_o trouble_n or_o very_o little_a at_o the_o least_o they_o may_v be_v behold_v in_o the_o water_n and_o to_o speak_v proper_o they_o be_v not_o commix_v water_n such_o be_v those_o of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n because_o that_o the_o grain_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o the_o like_a be_v contain_v in_o their_o water_n therefore_o they_o be_v term_v gold_n and_o silver-bearing_a river_n but_o these_o water_n in_o property_n of_o speech_n be_v not_o to_o be_v term_v mineral_n because_o that_o they_o have_v not_o these_o particle_n commix_v with_o they_o but_o free_a neither_o do_v they_o receive_v any_o property_n or_o quality_n from_o they_o yet_o because_o that_o man_n also_o admire_v such_o river_n and_o the_o explication_n of_o they_o have_v great_a affinity_n with_o the_o enodation_n of_o mineral_n water_n proper_o so_o term_v therefore_o i_o comprehend_v they_o under_o the_o general_a appellation_n of_o mineral_n water_n bituminous_a fountain_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v reduce_v under_o this_o classis_fw-la water_n corporeal_a mineral_n water_n but_o those_o be_v term_v more_o proper_o corporeal_a mineral_n water_n which_o contain_v indeed_o solid_a particle_n of_o mineral_n but_o so_o little_a small_a and_o altogether_o commix_v that_o they_o be_v not_o present_o discover_v by_o the_o sight_n but_o either_o by_o art_n or_o a_o long_a tract_n of_o time_n subside_v and_o concrease_v and_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o sensible_a quantity_n as_o be_v saâ—â—_n spring_n sulphureous_a fountain_n and_o such_o
like_a and_o chemical_a water_n in_o wâ—â—â—_n metal_n be_v dissolve_v water_n spirituous_a water_n spirituous_a water_n be_v 〈◊〉_d that_o contain_v only_o a_o volatile_a spirit_n such_o as_o be_v find_v in_o mineral_n but_o no_o fix_a particle_n and_o therefore_o none_o can_v be_v elicitate_v from_o they_o apparent_a to_o the_o sight_n these_o be_v term_v corporeal_a and_o spirituous_a water_n together_o by_o i_o which_o have_v both_o fix_v or_o solid_a and_o volatile_a or_o spirituous_a particle_n of_o mineral_n in_o they_o we_o shall_v allege_v example_n of_o the_o species_n of_o they_o in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n iii_o to_o explain_v how_o mineral_n water_n be_v generate_v water_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o mineral_n water_n 1._o if_o that_o water_n be_v carry_v by_o a_o violent_a torrent_n or_o course_n through_o subterraneous_a passage_n in_o which_o metallick_n earth_n and_o mineral_n be_v less_o thick_a it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o water_n may_v take_v and_o carry_v away_o from_o these_o with_o it_o grain_n of_o those_o mineral_n water_n this_o therefore_o be_v the_o generation_n of_o corporeal_a mineral_n water_n that_o carry_v grain_n 2._o if_o that_o the_o mineral_n be_v imperfect_a or_o less_o dense_a as_o vitriol_n sulphur_n and_o the_o like_a or_o also_o the_o salt_n which_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n be_v easy_o unite_v to_o the_o water_n if_o that_o the_o water_n or_o riveret_n be_v carry_v through_o these_o earth_n without_o channel_n or_o aqueduct_v as_o we_o have_v explain_v in_o the_o generation_n of_o fountain_n the_o water_n come_v to_o the_o fountain_n this_o will_v have_v the_o atom_n of_o these_o mineral_n admix_v and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o corporeal_a mineral_n water_n of_o a_o subtle_a conjunction_n according_a to_o the_o atom_n now_o whether_o that_o the_o water_n can_v unite_v the_o atom_n of_o metal_n after_o this_o manner_n to_o itself_o be_v question_v because_o that_o they_o be_v hard_a and_o solid_a neither_o be_v they_o easy_o unite_v to_o the_o water_n i_o suppose_v it_o possible_a to_o be_v do_v but_o not_o by_o simple_a water_n but_o by_o a_o salt_n vitriolated_a water_n which_o be_v like_a unto_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la of_o the_o chemist_n for_o as_o these_o water_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la dissolve_v metal_n into_o atom_n and_o intimate_o unite_v they_o to_o themselves_o so_o that_o they_o sink_v not_o to_o the_o bottom_n unless_o that_o they_o be_v separate_v by_o art_n so_o also_o if_o that_o such_o water_n be_v carry_v through_o metallary_n earth_n they_o be_v able_a to_o dissolve_v the_o metallic_a particle_n and_o unite_v they_o to_o themselves_o after_o this_o mode_n be_v the_o generation_n of_o mineral_n corporeal_a water_n of_o the_o second_o classis_fw-la explain_v 3._o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n before_o that_o metal_n be_v generate_v vapour_n and_o fume_n be_v condense_v unto_o the_o extant_a angle_n of_o the_o rock_n unto_o which_o they_o adhere_v and_o first_o they_o meet_v together_o in_o a_o soft_a substance_n and_o at_o length_n they_o be_v condense_v therefore_o if_o that_o the_o water_n be_v carry_v or_o glide_v through_o the_o earth_n where_o such_o vapour_n be_v and_o be_v raise_v they_o be_v impregnate_v by_o they_o and_o so_o spirituous_a mineral_n water_n be_v make_v but_o imperfect_a mineral_n after_o another_o mode_n cause_n mineral_n water_n of_o their_o own_o nature_n viz._n because_o that_o be_v heat_v by_o their_o own_o or_o subterraneous_a heat_n they_o send_v forth_o spirit_n and_o vapour_n as_o salt_n sulphur_n vitriol_n coal_n and_o such_o like_a and_o such_o fume_n and_o exhalation_n be_v continual_o make_v in_o place_n of_o such_o mineral_n through_o which_o if_o that_o the_o water_n glide_v it_o be_v impregnate_v with_o the_o spirit_n there_o be_v some_o that_o suppose_v these_o spirituous_a water_n may_v be_v generate_v only_o by_o be_v carry_v through_o the_o metallic_a earth_n or_o by_o a_o continual_a stay_n upon_o they_o or_o in_o their_o mine_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a by_o experience_n that_o the_o water_n receive_v no_o quality_n from_o the_o metal_n and_o mineral_n if_o that_o they_o shall_v lie_v 100_o year_n immerse_v in_o they_o therefore_o lay_v aside_o this_o opinion_n we_o affirm_v that_o those_o water_n be_v generate_v or_o spirit_n receive_v from_o first_o the_o seed_n of_o metal_n as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v or_o their_o primordia_fw-la or_o second_o we_o may_v say_v that_o those_o water_n be_v now_o impregnate_v by_o other_o subtle_a spirit_n of_o vitriol_n or_o salt_n by_o the_o benefit_n of_o which_o a_o spirit_n be_v extract_v from_o the_o hard_a metal_n but_o i_o attribute_v the_o less_o to_o this_o cause_n or_o mode_n of_o generation_n because_o here_o arise_v a_o question_n again_o concern_v the_o generation_n of_o the_o spirituous_a water_n of_o mineral_n vitriol_n and_o salt_n 4._o from_o these_o together_o it_o be_v evident_a how_o mineral_n water_n that_o be_v both_o corporeal_a and_o spirituous_a be_v generate_v proposition_n iu._n there_o be_v innumerable_a kind_n of_o mineral_n water_n according_a to_o the_o variety_n and_o diversity_n of_o the_o particle_n which_o they_o contain_v of_o divers_a mineral_n in_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n we_o have_v explain_v how_o that_o mineral_n water_n may_v receive_v those_o particle_n from_o which_o their_o admirable_a quality_n do_v arise_v from_o mineral_n or_o fossils_n water_n many_o kind_n of_o mineral_n water_n now_o because_o that_o there_o be_v various_a sort_n of_o mineral_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o mineral_n water_n be_v various_a and_o different_a in_o their_o quality_n yea_o they_o be_v almost_o infinite_a for_o neither_o only_a be_v every_o one_o of_o these_o water_n impregnate_v by_o one_o kind_n of_o mineral_n but_o together_o many_o of_o many_o wherefore_o mineral_n water_n will_v either_o be_v simple_a or_o mix_v and_o the_o mix_a will_v have_v something_o either_o from_o three_o or_o four_o or_o from_o many_o fossils_n or_o mineral_n thence_o 1._o be_v metallick_n water_n viz._n of_o gold_n silver_n copper_n tin_n lead_v iron_n 2._o salt_n water_n viz._n of_o common_a salt_n niter_n alum_n vitriol_n 3._o bituminous_a water_n sulphureous_a antimonial_a of_o coal_n and_o of_o amber_n 4._o the_o water_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o stone_n viz._n lime-water_n chalk_n ochre_n marble_n alabaster_n 5._o mercurial_a water_n and_o the_o like_a these_o denomination_n or_o kind_n of_o water_n ii_o see_v prosition_n ii_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o triple_a mode_n by_o which_o in_o the_o second_o propasition_n we_o say_v that_o mineral_n water_n be_v 1._o some_o corporeal_a and_o even_o manifest_a to_o the_o sense_n or_o corporeal_a by_o a_o subtle_a and_o accurate_a commixion_n 2._o that_o other_o be_v spirituous_a 3._o that_o other_o be_v corporeal_a and_o also_o spirituous_a these_o difference_n must_v be_v apply_v to_o every_o kind_n of_o mineral-water_n viz._n to_o demonstrate_v by_o one_o or_o another_o example_n gold-water_n be_v 1._o corporeal_a which_o carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n of_o that_o magnitude_n that_o with_o little_a trouble_n they_o be_v discernible_a to_o the_o sense_n neither_o have_v they_o any_o accurate_a coherency_n admix_v unto_o they_o 2_o corporeal_a water_n which_o possess_v very_o small_a particle_n of_o gold_n and_o indeed_o very_o close_o connex_v to_o the_o water_n such_o water_n i_o suppose_v to_o be._n although_o the_o nature_n of_o gold_n be_v such_o that_o the_o least_o grain_n in_o the_o water_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n yet_o that_o such_o may_v be_v be_v manifest_a from_o the_o aqua_fw-la regius_fw-la of_o the_o chemist_n in_o which_o gold_n be_v dissolve_v into_o atom_n but_o this_o aqua_fw-la regius_fw-la be_v not_o simple_a therefore_o neither_o do_v those_o water_n that_o be_v find_v in_o nature_n to_o have_v atom_n of_o gold_n admix_v want_v other_o particle_n of_o mineral_n 3._o spiritual_a golden-water_n which_o conceive_v a_o spirit_n and_o vapour_n in_o the_o earth_n from_o whence_o gold_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v generate_v 4._o golden_a corporeal-water_n and_o also_o spiritual_a which_o possess_v both_o atom_n of_o gold_n and_o a_o vapour_n generate_a gold_n water_n a_o fourfold_a difference_n of_o mineral_n water_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o reader_n must_v apply_v this_o fourfold_a difference_n unto_o every_o kind_n of_o mineral_n water_n both_o simple_a and_o admix_v whence_o innumerable_a kind_n do_v exist_v for_o either_o the_o body_n of_o the_o mineral_n or_o the_o spirit_n or_o the_o body_n of_o one_o with_o the_o spirit_n of_o another_o be_v conjoin_v in_o the_o water_n so_o leaden-water_n be_v fourfold_a viz._n 1._o manifest_o corporeal_a 2._o corporeal_a of_o a_o subtle_a mixture_n 3._o infect_v with_o a_o spirit_n of_o lead_n and_o 4._o impregnated_a both_o with_o the_o spirit_n and_o atom_n of_o lead_n so_o those_o four_o divers_a
participation_n of_o mineral_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o vitriol_n sulphureous_a and_o mercurial_a water_n and_o the_o like_a and_o more_o especial_o to_o these_o to_o wit_n to_o salt_n vitriolate_v and_o sulphureous_a because_o in_o these_o nature_n itself_o do_v exhibit_v this_o fourfold_a variety_n i_o doubt_v whether_o that_o corporeal_a water_n of_o a_o mix_a subtlety_n do_v exist_v spirituous_a metallick_n water_n be_v very_o rare_a but_o sulphureous_a and_o salt_n water_n be_v frequent_a but_o the_o corporeal_a and_o spirituous_a because_o these_o sort_n of_o metal_n be_v both_o find_v in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o in_o a_o great_a quantity_n and_o easy_o suffer_v their_o particle_n to_o be_v gnaw_v off_o they_o send_v out_o also_o frequent_o a_o fume_n and_o vapour_n we_o will_v explain_v by_o one_o example_n this_o fourfold_a variety_n of_o participation_n and_o that_o in_o gold_n 1._o in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n and_o the_o sixteenth_o proposition_n we_o have_v enumerate_v those_o riveret_n which_o carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n and_o with_o this_o treasury_n make_v glad_a the_o native_n such_o be_v many_o in_o the_o earldom_n of_o tirol_n and_o the_o place_n adjacent_a and_o we_o have_v say_v that_o the_o rhine_n itself_o albis_n danube_n and_o most_o great_a river_n in_o some_o place_n carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n as_o also_o of_o other_o metal_n and_o mineral_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o receive_v golden_a or_o gold-bearing_a riveret_n the_o rhine_n carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n commix_v with_o clay_n and_o sand_n in_o many_o place_n but_o especial_o at_o these_o 1._o near_a curia_n in_o rhetia_n 2._o at_o meinfield_n 3._o at_o eglinsan_n 4._o at._n secningham_n 5._o at_o the_o town_n aug_v not_o far_o from_o basil_n 6._o at_o norinburgh_n 7._o at_o worm_n 8._o at_o seltz_n 9_o at_o mentz_n 10._o at_o bacherack_n 11._o at_o bononia_n and_o the_o like_a the_o reader_n may_v see_v those_o gold-bearing_a riveret_n which_o the_o rhine_n receive_v in_o thurnhuserus_n as_o also_o those_o that_o the_o danube_n and_o albis_n do_v receive_v in_o the_o water_n of_o this_o viz._n the_o albis_n be_v find_v grain_n of_o gold_n 1._o at_o leutmeritz_n in_o bohemia_n 2._o at_o puru_n 3._o at_o dresda_n in_o misnia_n 4._o at_o torga_n 5._o at_o magdeburgh_n 6._o at_o the_o tower_n of_o lunenburgh_n fifteen_o mile_n from_o hamburgh_n concern_v the_o gold-bearing_a riveret_n consult_v the_o forecited_a book_n of_o thurnhuserus_n where_o also_o you_o may_v see_v those_o that_o carry_v other_o metal_n and_o mineral_n these_o water_n be_v therefore_o the_o corporeal_a golden-water_n of_o the_o first_o mode_n viz._n those_o that_o carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n which_o less_o proper_o be_v term_v mineral_n or_o golden_a because_o the_o golden-grain_n be_v not_o permix_v with_o the_o water_n but_o be_v carry_v down_o by_o the_o rapid_a current_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o water_n themselves_o be_v simple_a or_o uncompounded_a 2._o golden_a corporeal-water_n of_o a_o subtle_a commixtion_n to_o wit_n the_o atom_n of_o who_o water_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o atom_n of_o the_o gold_n as_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o aqua_fw-la regius_fw-la of_o the_o chemist_n which_o dissolve_v the_o gold_n and_o unit_v it_o to_o itself_o by_o atom_n and_o now_o because_o there_o may_v be_v like_o water_n which_o whether_o they_o be_v carry_v through_o golden-land_n or_o mine_n may_v gnaw_v off_o and_o dissolve_v some_o golden-atom_n of_o it_o with_o earthly_a one_o such_o golden-water_n many_o riveret_n seem_v to_o be_v which_o thurnhuserus_n write_v to_o participate_v of_o gold_n and_o reckon_v they_o up_o in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o danube_n rhine_n and_o other_o great_a river_n 3._o the_o golden_a spirituous-water_n be_v very_o few_o and_o some_o of_o those_o be_v they_o peradventure_o which_o thurnhuserus_n enumerate_v now_o such_o water_n be_v less_o note_v or_o sensible_a because_o golden-earth_n and_o mine_n be_v very_o rare_a and_o that_o in_o a_o small_a quantity_n moreover_o where_o the_o mine_n be_v a_o quantity_n of_o other_o mineral_n be_v also_o together_o with_o the_o gold_n whence_o the_o water_n receive_v many_o more_o spirit_n yet_o some_o riveret_n in_o the_o high_a alps_n of_o bohemia_n be_v say_v to_o participate_v of_o these_o golden-spirit_n also_o in_o silesia_n and_o the_o mountain_n that_o they_o call_v fitchtelberg_n the_o pepper-bath_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o curia_n be_v believe_v to_o be_v impregnate_v with_o such_o a_o spirit_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o admixture_n of_o other_o mineral_n in_o great_a quantity_n the_o water_n receive_v a_o less_o sensible_a quality_n from_o it_o 4._o golden-water_n which_o carry_v both_o atom_n of_o gold_n and_o spirit_n be_v some_o of_o the_o riveret_n mention_v by_o thurnhuserus_n we_o will_v add_v the_o example_n of_o salt-water_n salt-water_n example_n of_o salt-water_n 1._o salt_n corporeal-water_n viz._n which_o carry_v the_o more_o gross_a particle_n of_o salt_n and_o not_o accurate_o mix_v they_o be_v many_o and_o sufficient_o know_v to_o any_o person_n as_o certain_a spring_n of_o which_o salt_n be_v make_v hitherto_o appertain_v the_o sea-water_n if_o that_o it_o be_v make_v more_o gross_a by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n 2._o salt_n corporeal_a subtile-water_n which_o contain_v the_o salt_n reduce_v into_o little_a particle_n they_o be_v those_o which_o when_o they_o be_v most_o salt_n yet_o withal_o they_o be_v very_o pellucid_a and_o subtle_a as_o many_o salt_n spring_n and_o tenuous_a sea-water_n although_o that_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o this_o subtle_a commixtion_n hitherto_o appertain_v the_o urinal_n of_o all_o animal_n 3._o salt_n spirituous-water_n which_o contain_v not_o the_o particle_n of_o salt_n but_o the_o spirit_n of_o salt_n they_o be_v such_o that_o if_o you_o shall_v boil_v many_o vessel_n of_o they_o yet_o notwithstanding_o you_o shall_v receive_v no_o salt_n not_o a_o few_o of_o these_o be_v in_o germany_n and_o elsewhere_o but_o they_o be_v rare_o find_v simple_a 4._o salt_n corporeal_a and_o spirituous-water_n which_o have_v particle_n of_o salt_n and_o spirit_n almost_o all_o the_o corporeal_a have_v also_o some_o portion_n of_o saline_n spirit_n but_o most_o of_o they_o very_o little_a so_o near_o the_o city_n saltzinga_n not_o far_o from_o the_o rhine_n the_o fountain_n be_v salt_n the_o water_n of_o which_o though_o more_o salt_n than_o other_o water_n yet_o it_o afford_v less_o salt_n because_o its_o sharp_a and_o salt_n sapour_fw-la be_v sharpen_v by_o a_o spirit_n or_o volatile_a salt_n that_o fly_v away_o in_o the_o boil_a hence_o it_o be_v manifest_v how_o this_o fourfold_a difference_n of_o participation_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v unto_o every_o sort_n of_o mineral_n water_n viz._n vitriolate-water_n alom-water_n lead-water_n and_o the_o like_a proposition_n v._o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o note_a difference_n of_o mineral_n water_n water_n the_o note_a difference_n of_o mineral_n water_n in_o the_o forego_n proposition_n we_o have_v explain_v the_o true_a kind_n and_o difference_n of_o mineral_n water_n take_v from_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o they_o viz._n from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o mineral_n which_o they_o carry_v or_o by_o which_o they_o be_v impregnate_v but_o those_o difference_n because_o they_o do_v not_o so_o strike_v the_o sense_n and_o moreover_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a mixture_n of_o mineral_n communicate_v various_a property_n to_o the_o water_n wherefore_o they_o be_v less_o vulgar_o know_v for_o the_o denomination_n of_o all_o body_n arise_v from_o manifest_a quality_n on_o the_o sense_n as_o also_o do_v the_o celebrity_n of_o water_n among_o man_n the_o explication_n and_o cause_n of_o which_o apart_a quality_n and_o property_n must_v be_v seek_v from_o the_o inmost_a composition_n of_o thing_n therefore_o the_o note_a and_o famous_a difference_n or_o species_n of_o liquor_n flow_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o know_v to_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n of_o man_n be_v these_o ten_o to_o wit_n 1._o sowr-water_n 2._o bitter_a 3._o hot_a 4._o very_a cold_a 5._o oily_a and_o fat_a 6._o poisonous_a 7._o colour_a 8._o ebullient_a 9_o water_n that_o convert_v less_o hard_a into_o hard_a or_o after_o any_o other_o mode_n change_v any_o body_n cast_v in_o or_o stain_v with_o they_o 10._o salt-water_n and_o in_o the_o 11_o place_n we_o may_v add_v those_o which_o be_v endow_v with_o any_o other_o wonderful_a property_n unto_o these_o class_n those_o that_o be_v studious_a in_o these_o thing_n may_v reduce_v all_o water_n which_o be_v find_v describe_v in_o author_n we_o shall_v only_o in_o brief_a show_v their_o generation_n and_o difference_n and_o allege_v some_o example_n proposition_n vi_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n or_o generation_n difference_n or_o kind_n of_o acid_n or_o sour_a water_n water_n of_o sour_a water_n great_a be_v the_o celebrity_n of_o acid_n water_n or_o spring_n they_o
common_o call_v they_o spaw_n 1._o they_o arise_v from_o the_o admixture_n of_o a_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n salt_n and_o alom_n which_o mineral_n be_v partly_o simple_a and_o partly_o more_o or_o less_o admix_v with_o other_o mineral_n be_v find_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n especial_o in_o iron_n we_o prove_v this_o to_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o acidula_n and_o spaw_v 1._o by_o reason_n that_o almost_o every_o where_o where_o such_o acid_n water_n break_v out_o mine_n of_o vitriol_n salt_n and_o alom_n be_v find_v 2._o because_o the_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n and_o salt_n be_v acid_n as_o also_o some_o spirit_n of_o sulphur_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o chemistry_n 3._o because_o that_o from_o these_o kind_n of_o acid_n water_n no_o acid_n body_n but_o spirit_n be_v separate_v which_o be_v altogether_o like_a unto_o the_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n and_o salt_n 2._o great_a be_v the_o quantity_n of_o acid_n water_n or_o spaw_n in_o divers_a region_n where_o mine_n especial_o abound_v the_o cause_n be_v because_o that_o a_o acid_n sour_a spirit_n be_v almost_o in_o all_o body_n by_o reason_n that_o we_o have_v show_v that_o it_o be_v elementary_a in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n and_o first_o proposition_n it_o be_v find_v in_o all_o herb_n and_o fruit_n spaw_n the_o difference_n of_o spaw_n 3._o the_o difference_n of_o spaw_n be_v find_v to_o be_v notable_a some_o be_v find_v to_o be_v so_o sharp_a or_o sour_a that_o man_n make_v use_v of_o they_o instead_o of_o vinegar_n such_o a_o spring_n be_v find_v in_o nicana_n a_o province_n of_o sicilia_n in_o germany_n the_o fountain_n at_o elleboga_n be_v of_o a_o wonderful_a acidity_n other_o acid_n spring_n be_v term_v winy_a because_o that_o by_o their_o sharpness_n they_o come_v near_o the_o grateful_a taste_n of_o wine_n among_o which_o that_o be_v famous_a which_o be_v in_o the_o earldom_n of_o catzenellebocen_n in_o germany_n at_o the_o town_n schwalbach_n in_o the_o province_n of_o lion_n in_o france_n at_o the_o town_n of_o st._n baldomare_a be_v a_o fountain_n term_v fontaine_n fort_n that_o be_v the_o strong_a fountain_n it_o supply_v the_o want_n of_o wine_n and_o if_o that_o one_o four_o part_n of_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o wine_n it_o will_v want_v nothing_o of_o the_o taste_n of_o wine_n if_o it_o be_v pour_v on_o flour_n it_o will_v present_o ferment_n they_o can_v boil_v no_o meat_n in_o it_o for_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o subtlety_n it_o fly_v away_o it_o be_v very_o wholesome_a so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n seldom_o use_v a_o physician_n in_o aquitaine_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n bessa_n be_v the_o like_a winy_a sharp_a spring_n unto_o the_o water_n of_o which_o if_o that_o you_o only_o admix_v the_o six_o part_n of_o wine_n you_o will_v imagine_v that_o you_o drink_v pure_a wine_n without_o any_o admixture_n of_o water_n nigh_o to_o rome_n be_v a_o alomy_a sharp_a fountain_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o wine_n make_v a_o very_a grateful_a drink_n great_a be_v the_o number_n of_o acid_n spring_v in_o the_o upper_a germany_n whereof_o some_o flow_n into_o the_o danube_n and_o other_o into_o the_o rhine_n very_o many_o be_v in_o the_o forementioned_a earldom_n of_o catzenelleboch_n in_o the_o province_n of_o trier_n in_o tirolis_n rhaetia_n vindelicia_n a_o note_v one_fw-mi be_v near_a anderna_n call_v heilbrun_n in_o the_o province_n of_o toledo_n in_o spain_n near_o the_o village_n valentiola_n be_v spring_n which_o at_o the_o bottom_n be_v find_v acid_n and_o of_o a_o winy_a taste_n and_o in_o the_o upper_a part_n sweet_a which_o baccius_n think_v to_o happen_v because_o that_o the_o nitrous_a and_o acid_n part_n do_v subside_o and_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o i_o suppose_v if_o that_o the_o relation_n be_v true_a that_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o spirit_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o superficies_n present_o do_v expire_v other_o acid_n fountain_n be_v astringent_a and_o contract_v the_o palate_n which_o be_v a_o token_n of_o iron_n particle_n or_o of_o the_o admixture_n of_o vitriol_n as_o also_o of_o alom_n the_o water_n of_o acid_n fountain_n in_o rainy_n and_o cloudy_a weather_n be_v find_v less_o acid_n which_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o admixture_n of_o condensated_a air._n also_o if_o that_o the_o water_n be_v expose_v to_o heat_n or_o if_o it_o stand_v in_o a_o open_a vessel_n for_o some_o hour_n or_o if_o it_o be_v carry_v a_o long_a voyage_n not_o well_o cover_v in_o cold_a vessel_n it_o present_o lose_v its_o acidity_n which_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o acidity_n of_o they_o depend_v on_o a_o subtle_a spirit_n yet_o they_o also_o have_v atom_n and_o the_o very_a vitriol_n alom_n iron_n salt_n gravel_n and_o the_o like_a this_o be_v prove_v from_o the_o matter_n that_o be_v discover_v to_o adhere_v to_o the_o conduit-pipe_n the_o studious_a may_v collect_v example_n by_o read_v of_o author_n at_o least_o two_o hundred_o acid_n spring_n or_o riveret_n run_v into_o the_o rhine_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o spirit_n nothing_o of_o acidity_n be_v discover_v in_o the_o rhine_n do_v you_o demand_v why_o there_o be_v no_o acid_n fountain_n in_o the_o northern_a place_n i_o suppose_v that_o cause_n to_o be_v the_o defect_n of_o subterraneous_a heat_n and_o a_o over_o great_a condensation_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o also_o for_o that_o cause_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o little_a or_o no_o gold_n be_v find_v in_o those_o region_n proposition_n viii_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o hot_a spring_n term_v bath_n and_o the_o place_n of_o the_o more_o famous_a of_o they_o bath_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o hot_a spring_n or_o bath_n a_o spring_n in_o izland_n be_v judge_v the_o most_o fervid_v of_o they_o all_o who_o water_n little_o differ_v from_o that_o which_o have_v arrive_v to_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o boil_a on_o the_o fire_n but_o caronius_n write_v that_o in_o japan_n there_o be_v a_o spring_n so_o hot_a that_o no_o water_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o that_o degree_n of_o heat_n by_o the_o most_o vehement_a fire_n it_o flow_v not_o continual_o but_o twice_o in_o a_o day_n for_o one_o hour_n with_o a_o great_a force_n of_o spirit_n and_o make_v a_o great_a pool_n which_o another_o have_v inform_v i_o to_o be_v call_v by_o the_o native_n singacko_n that_o be_v hell_n after_o those_o the_o hot_a fountain_n or_o bath_n of_o baden_n in_o helvetia_n be_v famous_a then_o the_o bath_n of_o appona_n in_o italy_n of_o vulgar_a bath_n there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n in_o the_o upper_a germany_n as_o also_o in_o other_o place_n in_o scotland_n be_v the_o lake_n and_o river_n nessa_n which_o be_v not_o hot_a yet_o it_o be_v never_o congeal_v with_o cold._n the_o cause_n and_o generation_n of_o bath_n be_v first_o the_o admixture_n of_o sulphureous_a particle_n whilst_o the_o water_n be_v carry_v through_o subterraneous_a passage_n or_o rather_o whilst_o that_o it_o glide_v through_o the_o sulphureous_a mine_n to_o a_o collection_n about_o the_o spring_n 2._o the_o vapour_n of_o smoke_n and_o exhalation_n within_o the_o earth_n where_o sulphur_n be_v pure_a or_o impure_a as_o peat_n coal_n amber_n and_o the_o like_a for_o these_o material_n continual_o send_v forth_o a_o calid_a or_o warm_a fume_n which_o heat_n the_o water_n carry_v thither_o or_o glide_v through_o those_o place_n yet_o particle_n of_o alom_n be_v admix_v to_o many_o nay_o the_o most_o bath_n as_o also_o of_o iron_n and_o niter_n whence_o they_o have_v somewhat_o a_o sharp_a and_o astringent_a taste_n or_o sapour_fw-la almost_o all_o the_o bath_n which_o we_o know_v flow_v without_o cease_v except_o the_o pepper-bath_n of_o germany_n which_o be_v famous_a in_o rhetia_n not_o far_o from_o curia_n and_o beside_o sulphur_n they_o contain_v something_o of_o gold_n and_o not_o a_o little_a niter_fw-la the_o water_n of_o these_o bath_n break_v out_o every_o year_n about_o the_o three_o of_o may_n and_o it_o cease_v to_o flow_v about_o the_o fourteen_o of_o september_n the_o famous_a bath_n in_o germany_n be_v the_o plumbariae_n in_o lorraine_n emsebadae_n above_o constantina_n in_o alsatia_n near_o gebersweil_n in_o the_o marquisate_n of_o bada_fw-es wildbad_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o wertebergh_n the_o blasianae_n near_o tubin_n there_o be_v many_o also_o in_o japan_n and_o the_o indian_a isle_n there_o be_v such_o hot_a one_o in_o the_o island_n of_o the_o azore_n that_o a_o egg_n may_v be_v boil_a in_o they_o proposition_n ix_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o oily_a and_o fat_a liquor_n flow_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v liquor_n of_o oily_a liquor_n some_o fountain_n send_v forth_o a_o bituminous_a liquor_n some_o a_o fat_a water_n or_o
and_o vitriol_n therefore_o they_o dissolve_v the_o particle_n of_o iron_n and_o by_o degree_n take_v away_o from_o it_o which_o whilst_o that_o they_o do_v the_o copper_n particle_n of_o the_o water_n be_v repose_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o iron_n once_o take_v away_o or_o there_o adhere_v whilst_o that_o they_o glide_v with_o the_o run_v water_n the_o reason_n of_o those_o that_o change_n wood_n into_o stone_n be_v these_o 1._o some_o do_v not_o change_v the_o wood_n itself_o into_o stone_n but_o earthy_a stony_a and_o saline_a particle_n contain_v in_o the_o water_n do_v apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o wood_n and_o so_o as_o it_o be_v cover_v the_o wood_n with_o a_o stony_a crust_n and_o do_v not_o real_o change_v it_o 2._o some_o do_v not_o change_v the_o wood_n into_o stone_n but_o cause_n a_o stony_a hardness_n to_o the_o wood_n which_o some_o mineral_n water_n may_v possible_o do_v 3._o if_o that_o some_o water_n have_v true_o change_v wood_n into_o stone_n i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v do_v after_o this_o manner_n that_o chief_a difference_n be_v find_v by_o sight_n between_o the_o wood_n and_o the_o stone_n that_o in_o the_o wood_n there_o be_v certain_a long_a fibres_n or_o vein_n unto_o which_o the_o particle_n do_v cohere_v and_o those_o be_v less_o thick_a but_o in_o stone_n the_o particle_n be_v like_a unto_o atom_n without_o any_o certain_a extension_n into_o long_a fibres_n if_o that_o therefore_o any_o water_n dissolve_v and_o as_o it_o be_v grind_v the_o particle_n cohere_v in_o the_o wood_n according_a to_o a_o long_a line_n so_o that_o now_o they_o do_v no_o more_o cohere_v after_o this_o mode_n but_o yet_o be_v more_o condense_v there_o will_v be_v no_o more_o any_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o wood_n and_o stone_n as_o may_v be_v observe_v by_o our_o eye_n yet_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o these_o mineral_n water_n communicate_v some_o substance_n to_o the_o wood_n itself_o there_o be_v other_o water_n who_o faculty_n be_v report_v to_o be_v able_a to_o change_v the_o colour_n in_o the_o hair_n of_o man_n or_o beast_n proposition_n xiii_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n of_o poisonous_a and_o death-causing_a water_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v water_n of_o poisonous_a water_n such_o be_v the_o lake_n asphaltites_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o arsenical_a bitumen_n in_o time_n past_a famous_a be_v the_o fountain_n of_o terracina_n which_o be_v call_v neptunicus_n in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o volsci_n of_o which_o those_o that_o drink_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o life_n therefore_o it_o be_v fill_v up_o with_o stone_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o thessalia_n a_o fountain_n spring_v of_o which_o no_o cattle_n drink_v nor_o no_o kind_n of_o beast_n approach_v famous_a or_o rather_o infamous_a be_v the_o water_n which_o in_o the_o region_n of_o arcadia_n call_v nonacris_n the_o ancient_n write_v to_o drop_v exceed_o cold_a from_o stony_a rock_n therefore_o call_v the_o infernal_a and_o stygian_a water_n which_o no_o vessel_n either_o of_o silver_n brass_n or_o iron_n can_v be_v preserve_v in_o without_o break_v and_o by_o this_o water_n historian_n report_v that_o alexander_n the_o great_a be_v kill_v by_o jolla_n son_n of_o antipater_n and_o that_o not_o without_o the_o infamy_n of_o aristotle_n at_o this_o day_n many_o mortiferous_a water_n be_v find_v in_o the_o place_n or_o region_n call_v the_o alps_n but_o most_o of_o they_o be_v stop_v with_o stone_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o so_o few_o death-causing_a fountain_n be_v know_v now_o the_o generation_n of_o such_o water_n be_v if_o the_o water_n glide_v or_o flow_v through_o arsenical_a mercurial_a or_o antimonial_a earth_n and_o be_v impregnate_v with_o their_o fume_n for_o as_o the_o smoke_n or_o fume_n of_o arsenic_n kill_v live_v creature_n so_o water_v impregnate_v with_o such_o a_o fume_n do_v the_o same_o proposition_n fourteen_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o colour_a water_n and_o their_o difference_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v at_o chinen_n in_o france_n water_n flow_v from_o a_o cave_n of_o somewhat_o a_o yellowish_a colour_n water_n of_o colour_a water_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n a_o riveret_n flow_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n into_o the_o sea_n in_o some_o place_n water_n flow_v of_o a_o black_a of_o a_o green_a and_o such_o like_a colour_n but_o they_o be_v but_o few_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o these_o water_n be_v that_o they_o glide_v or_o run_v from_o land_n before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o fountain_n proposition_n xv._o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o salt-water_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v salt-water_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o salt-water_n the_o generation_n be_v twofold_a 1._o from_o the_o ocean_n they_o come_v through_o subterraneous_a passage_n and_o flow_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n 2._o they_o be_v generate_v of_o a_o salt_n contain_v in_o the_o earth_n such_o as_o be_v find_v in_o many_o place_n through_o which_o whilst_o the_o water_n glide_v it_o conceive_v saline_n particle_n and_o spirit_n before_o that_o it_o arrive_v at_o the_o spring_n great_a be_v the_o plenty_n and_o that_o know_v to_o every_o one_o of_o salt_n fountain_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n and_o this_o matter_n be_v easy_o know_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o abundance_n of_o salt_n almost_o every_o where_o lie_v hide_v in_o the_o earth_n see_v that_o salt_n itself_o be_v a_o element_n proposition_n xvi_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n of_o ebullient_a fountain_n and_o those_o that_o break_v out_o with_o a_o great_a spirit_n and_o wind_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o they_o be_v find_v the_o cause_n be_v partly_o a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n and_o partly_o a_o nitrous_a spirit_n commix_v with_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n fountain_n of_o ebullient_a fountain_n if_o that_o it_o be_v a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n the_o water_n be_v hot_a if_o nitrous_a cold_a for_o neither_o be_v all_o the_o water_n which_o ebulliate_v like_a to_o those_o that_o be_v hot_a hot_a but_o many_o of_o they_o be_v cold_a as_o be_v evident_a from_o that_o near_a to_o culma_n call_v a_o mad_a water_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o twelve_o proposition_n the_o river_n tamayus_n in_o galaecia_n arise_v from_o a_o lake_n in_o its_o rise_n for_o some_o month_n of_o the_o year_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o mighty_a noise_n in_o japan_n that_o wonderful_a hot_a fountain_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o eight_o proposition_n not_o above_o twice_o every_o day_n break_v forth_o for_o the_o most_o part_n for_o one_o hour_n now_o when_o that_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o flow_v it_o be_v carry_v with_o so_o great_a a_o force_n and_o vehemency_n of_o wind_n that_o it_o move_v the_o vast_a stone_n incumbent_a on_o the_o well_o and_o leap_v to_o the_o height_n of_o three_o or_o four_o ell_n with_o so_o great_a a_o noise_n like_v unto_o the_o discharge_n of_o cannon_n in_o westphalia_n a_o fountain_n break_v forth_o term_v bolderborn_n from_o its_o noise_n most_o of_o the_o spaw_n and_o bath_n break_v forth_o with_o a_o abundance_n of_o wind_n and_o ebulliate_v as_o if_o they_o boil_a a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n cause_v this_o in_o the_o bath_n and_o in_o the_o spaw_n the_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n nitre_n and_o the_o like_a proposition_n xvii_o to_o enumerate_v the_o kind_n of_o water_n which_o have_v other_o certain_a wonderful_a property_n and_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n of_o they_o unto_o this_o classis_fw-la all_o other_o ought_v to_o be_v reduce_v which_o can_v convenient_o be_v refer_v unto_o the_o former_a sort_n property_n other_o kind_n of_o water_n of_o wonderful_a property_n so_o there_o be_v a_o fountain_n in_o portugal_n term_v cadina_fw-la devour_v all_o that_o be_v cast_v into_o it_o also_o in_o time_n pass_v there_o be_v another_o near_a to_o it_o reject_v all_o thing_n cast_v into_o it_o but_o this_o latter_a be_v obstruct_v in_o andalusia_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n guadiana_n eusebius_n nierenburgius_n relate_v that_o there_o be_v a_o lake_n which_o show_v the_o season_n or_o tempest_n for_o when_o that_o this_o be_v approach_v it_o make_v a_o horrible_a noise_n which_o be_v oftentimes_o hear_v for_o the_o space_n of_o 18_o or_o 20_o mile_n in_o calais_n in_o france_n be_v a_o well_o into_o which_o if_o that_o a_o stone_n be_v cast_v in_o a_o noise_n will_v be_v hear_v like_o thunder_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o well_o in_o the_o alps_n be_v wells_n who_o water_n be_v drink_v off_o contract_v swell_n of_o a_o great_a bigness_n hang_v from_o their_o neck_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o granada_n at_o the_o town_n antiquarius_fw-la be_v
a_o fountain_n of_o so_o great_a force_n that_o it_o dissolve_v stone_n near_o unto_o tours_n in_o france_n be_v cave_n to_o be_v see_v term_v common_o les_fw-fr cave_n gouttieres_n from_o the_o roof_n of_o which_o the_o water_n which_o fall_v be_v form_v into_o divers_a shape_n as_o nut_n almond_n and_o the_o like_a the_o hot_a fountain_n of_o japan_n burn_v all_o thing_n and_o devour_v cloth_n iron_z flesh_n etc._n etc._n the_o studious_a may_v collect_v divers_a other_o example_n from_o other_o author_n and_o reduce_v they_o to_o this_o classis_fw-la if_o that_o they_o seem_v not_o possible_a to_o be_v reduce_v to_o any_o of_o the_o former_a the_o cause_n must_v be_v seek_v from_o the_o peculiar_a situation_n and_o property_n of_o each_o place_n proposition_n xviii_o to_o enumerate_v those_o fountain_n which_o break_v forth_o at_o a_o set_a time_n not_o continual_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n and_o those_o which_o ebb_n and_o flow_v continual_o of_o fountain_n which_o break_v forth_o at_o a_o set_a time_n not_o continual_o this_o proposition_n belong_v not_o to_o this_o chapter_n but_o to_o the_o precede_a yet_o because_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o wonder_n of_o water_n and_o be_v neglect_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n here_o it_o shall_v be_v explain_v in_o a_o fountain_n situate_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n in_o the_o province_n of_o canaugh_n in_o ireland_n the_o water_n eb_v and_o flow_v every_o day_n with_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n yet_o the_o water_n be_v fresh_a the_o same_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o fountain_n louzara_n which_o be_v in_o the_o mountainous_a place_n of_o galaecia_n call_v cabreti_n 20_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n also_o in_o aquitain_n in_o the_o village_n marsacus_n be_v a_o fountain_n which_o imitate_v the_o swell_a of_o the_o sea_n and_o swell_v with_o the_o increase_n of_o garumnae_fw-la in_o bordeaux_n elsewhere_o there_o be_v say_v to_o be_v fountain_n which_o augment_v and_o decrease_v contrary_a to_o the_o swell_a of_o the_o sea_n in_o wales_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n severn_n be_v a_o pool_n call_v linliguna_n which_o swallow_v in_o the_o marine_a flood_n whilst_o that_o they_o arise_v but_o it_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n fill_v with_o the_o same_o and_o the_o flood_n of_o the_o sea_n cease_v than_o it_o rise_v with_o a_o great_a force_n and_o vomit_v out_o the_o water_n with_o which_o it_o cover_v the_o bank_n in_o biscay_n there_o be_v the_o four_o spring_n tamarici_n whereof_o three_o every_o day_n be_v so_o dry_v twelve_o time_n as_o if_o that_o no_o water_n be_v in_o they_o as_o pliny_n report_v but_o i_o question_v whether_o they_o be_v to_o be_v find_v at_o this_o day_n in_o savoy_n be_v a_o fountain_n of_o note_a magnitude_n callen_v wonderful_a which_o sink_v low_a twice_o in_o a_o hour_n and_o twice_o flow_v and_o before_o that_o it_o flow_v and_o do_v break_v forth_o with_o a_o great_a noise_n it_o flow_v into_o the_o lake_n burgites_n in_o the_o mountain_n of_o foix_n in_o languedoc_n rise_v the_o river_n ler_n which_o in_o the_o month_n june_n july_n and_o august_n eb_v and_o flow_v 24_o time_n in_o a_o day_n bertius_n see_v bertius_n in_o a_o region_n of_o westphalia_n call_v paderborn_n be_v a_o fountain_n which_o eb_v and_o flow_v twice_o every_o day_n although_o it_o send_v forth_o so_o much_o water_n that_o not_o far_o from_o the_o fountain_n the_o water_n drive_v four_o water-mill_n and_o it_o break_v forth_o with_o a_o mighty_a noise_n in_o the_o province_n of_o wallis_n in_o germany_n be_v a_o fountain_n call_v the_o fountain_n of_o st._n marry_o it_o cease_v to_o flow_v in_o the_o autumn_n at_o the_o day_n dedicate_v to_o st._n mary_n and_o return_v in_o may._n the_o pool_n or_o lake_n maron_n in_o palestine_n be_v so_o dry_a in_o the_o summer_n and_o bring_v forth_o herb_n and_o shrub_n so_o high_a that_o lion_n wolf_n and_o other_o wild_a beast_n do_v abide_v there_o in_o spain_n two_o mile_n from_o valindolid_n be_v a_o fountain_n which_o arise_v in_o may_n and_o fall_v in_o november_n all_o bath_n flow_v without_o any_o cessation_n or_o change_n except_o those_o that_o be_v in_o rhaetia_n and_o be_v call_v the_o pepper_n bath_n for_o they_o flow_v only_o in_o the_o summer_n from_o the_o three_o of_o may_n to_o the_o fourteen_o of_o september_n than_o they_o cease_v chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o mutation_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o water_n and_o land_n or_o of_o the_o mutation_n of_o the_o watery_a superficies_n into_o the_o earthy_a and_o the_o contrary_n proposition_n i._o to_o know_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o water_n possess_v how_o great_a it_o be_v and_o that_o which_o the_o earth_n occupi_v possess_v of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o water_n possess_v we_o can_v accurate_o know_v this_o because_o we_o be_v ignorant_a whether_o the_o sea_n or_o land_n do_v possess_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o north_n or_o south_n polaryland_n moreover_o because_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n as_o also_o of_o the_o land_n be_v terminate_v on_o the_o globe_n by_o a_o irregular_a bend_n of_o the_o line_n therefore_o it_o will_v be_v a_o very_a difficult_a task_n to_o compute_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o land_n but_o as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a to_o collect_v in_o gross_a from_o the_o inspection_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o land_n seem_v almost_o equal_a so_o that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v half_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o land_n and_o so_o also_o be_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o land_n proposition_n ii_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n as_o also_o of_o the_o land_n be_v not_o at_o all_o time_n of_o the_o same_o magnitude_n but_o sometime_o great_a and_o sometime_o lesser_a and_o when_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v augment_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o land_n be_v diminish_v for_o the_o sea_n overflow_v sometime_o here_o sometime_o there_o or_o take_v away_o and_o carry_v with_o it_o so_o therefore_o his_o superficies_n be_v augment_v more_o or_o less_o as_o it_o have_v overflow_v a_o great_a or_o less_o tract_n of_o land_n as_o in_o time_n past_o it_o do_v in_o thessaly_n yet_o this_o variety_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v yet_o know_v have_v a_o very_a little_a proportion_n unto_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o water_n it_o may_v be_v make_v great_a as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o eighteen_o proposition_n proposition_n iii_o to_o compute_v what_o quantity_n of_o water_n the_o earth_n contain_v and_o what_o quantity_n of_o land_n contain_v of_o the_o quantity_n of_o land_n and_o water_n which_o the_o earth_n contain_v for_o the_o find_n out_o the_o accurate_a and_o true_a quantity_n of_o water_n and_o land_n first_o we_o ought_v to_o know_v both_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o water_n as_o also_o its_o depth_n in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o the_o subterraneous_a heap_n of_o water_n ought_v to_o be_v examine_v all_o which_o see_v that_o we_o can_v find_v out_o by_o any_o method_n therefore_o we_o can_v find_v out_o the_o accurate_a quantity_n of_o the_o water_n or_o land_n but_o only_o from_o certain_a hypothesis_n viz._n we_o lay_v down_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n to_o be_v half_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o profundity_n to_o be_v quarter_n or_o half_a a_o mile_n neither_o do_v we_o reckon_v the_o water_n in_o subterraneous_a channel_n the_o quantity_n of_o water_n may_v be_v thus_o find_v out_o take_v a_o quarter_n or_o half_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o sphere_n may_v be_v find_v who_o semidiameter_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o residue_n let_v this_o solidity_n be_v take_v from_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o half_a of_o the_o residue_n be_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n the_o same_o half_n substract_v from_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n leave_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o which_o must_v be_v add_v a_o four_o or_o five_o part_n of_o the_o bulk_n of_o water_n or_o of_o the_o former_a half_n but_o these_o be_v uncertainty_n from_o suppose_a uncertainty_n or_o at_o least_o nigh_o unto_o truth_n proposition_n iu._n the_o water_n may_v leave_v the_o shore_n and_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o it_o do_v occupy_v for_o divers_a cause_n so_o that_o the_o land_n may_v appear_v dry_a where_o the_o water_n or_o sea_n be_v before_o and_o so_o a_o new_a land_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v generate_v water_n a_o sevenfold_o tract_n of_o water_n there_o be_v a_o sevenfold_a tract_n of_o water_n viz._n 1._o the_o ocean_n 2._o gulf_n or_o bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n 3._o
strait_n 4._o river_n 5._o lake_n 6._o pool_n and_o 7._o marsh_n 1._o marsh_n may_v be_v exsiccate_v or_o drain_v either_o by_o subduction_n of_o the_o water_n or_o by_o exsiccation_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o none_o can_v doubt_v for_o in_o many_o region_n the_o soil_n be_v fruitful_a where_o there_o be_v marsh_n some_o year_n since_o as_o in_o westphalia_n gelderland_n brabant_n holland_n muscovia_n 2._o the_o same_o be_v the_o account_n of_o pool_n see_v that_o they_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o marsh_n proposition_n v._o rivers_n leave_v their_o channel_n or_o shoar_n that_o be_v part_n of_o their_o channel_n and_o afford_v new_a land_n land_n river_n quit_v their_o shoar_n and_o afford_v new_a land_n 1._o if_o that_o they_o carry_v much_o terrestrial_a matter_n sand_n or_o gravel_n with_o they_o which_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n in_o progress_n of_o they_o time_n so_o augment_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o channel_n that_o it_o be_v no_o more_o depress_v than_o that_o place_n from_o whence_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o vicine_fw-la earth_n but_o if_o that_o that_o matter_n sink_v into_o one_o place_n in_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n it_o will_v separate_v one_o part_n which_o then_o at_o length_n will_v be_v dry_v up_o 2._o if_o that_o the_o river_n take_v another_o channel_n whether_o it_o be_v do_v by_o art_n or_o nature_n and_o a_o violent_a cause_n as_o by_o wind_n inundation_n or_o the_o like_a 3._o if_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o river_n be_v obstruct_v or_o cease_v to_o send_v forth_o water_n the_o earth_n be_v fall_v in_o or_o condensated_a or_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o sand_n be_v drive_v by_o the_o wind_n into_o the_o fountain_n or_o adjacent_a place_n example_n of_o river_n who_o channel_n be_v exsiccate_v at_o this_o time_n either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n be_v every_o where_o obvious_a in_o writer_n yet_o not_o of_o great_a river_n but_o of_o small_a or_o of_o the_o part_n of_o any_o great_a river_n so_o a_o channel_n of_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o rhine_n which_o flow_v by_o leyden_n flow_v in_o time_n pass_v into_o the_o german_a ocean_n now_o for_o some_o age_n desert_v by_o the_o water_n at_o this_o day_n be_v land_n the_o rhine_n stagnate_v between_o leyden_n and_o the_o vicus_n cattorum_fw-la the_o shore_n be_v uncover_v from_o the_o water_n of_o river_n and_o that_o some_o river_n run_v in_o a_o more_o narrow_a channel_n than_o they_o do_v former_o be_v manifest_a from_o many_o example_n and_o from_o thence_o that_o some_o at_o this_o day_n be_v not_o navigable_a which_o former_o be_v may_v easy_o be_v collect_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n be_v diminish_v and_o none_o at_o all_o to_o be_v leave_v in_o their_o channel_n at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o as_o in_o the_o river_n scaldis_n therefore_o governor_n of_o commonwealth_n have_v a_o great_a care_n that_o the_o mud_n and_o sediment_n be_v draw_v from_o out_o the_o channel_n of_o river_n that_o they_o may_v remain_v navigable_a as_o be_v see_v in_o many_o place_n but_o great_a river_n can_v be_v dry_v up_o or_o change_v into_o land_n except_o in_o many_o age_n because_o that_o many_o lesser_a river_n flow_v from_o divers_a part_n make_v they_o of_o which_o though_o some_o may_v be_v dry_v up_o or_o change_v their_o course_n yet_o all_o do_v not_o suffer_v the_o same_o except_o in_o a_o long_a space_n of_o time_n and_o the_o channel_n be_v deep_a but_o one_o heap_n or_o ridge_n of_o sand_n may_v cause_v the_o river_n to_o run_v through_o another_o channel_n and_o the_o former_a to_o be_v dry_v up_o yet_o it_o take_v not_o away_o the_o river_n except_o the_o fountain_n or_o branch_n of_o it_o be_v obstruct_v therefore_o it_o be_v true_a that_o neither_o the_o nile_n tanais_n albis_n or_o the_o rhine_n or_o other_o river_n always_o flow_v or_o shall_v perpetual_o flow_v but_o that_o there_o be_v earth_n before_o and_o shall_v be_v afterward_o where_o they_o now_o flow_v proposition_n vi_o lake_n be_v dry_v up_o and_o change_v into_o land_n land_n lake_n dry_v up_o and_o change_v into_o land_n 1._o if_o that_o a_o lake_n be_v constitute_v from_o river_n that_o flow_v in_o that_o mutation_n be_v make_v by_o the_o abduction_n withdraw_a or_o cessation_n of_o the_o river_n and_o also_o by_o evaporation_n 2._o if_o that_o a_o lake_n receive_v water_n by_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n from_o the_o ocean_n or_o sea_n there_o will_v be_v a_o mutation_n of_o that_o lake_n after_o that_o those_o subterraneous_a passage_n be_v obstruct_v and_o so_o lake_n be_v first_o change_v into_o stand_a pool_n and_o marsh_n then_o at_o length_n into_o dry_a land_n it_o be_v evident_a say_v aristotle_n that_o because_o a_o force_n of_o water_n have_v bring_v in_o mud_n or_o something_o of_o that_o sort_n he_o speak_v of_o lake_n make_v of_o river_n therefore_o stand_v pool_n be_v make_v and_o the_o earth_n be_v dry_a and_o that_o their_o water_n be_v leave_v and_o stand_a in_o succession_n of_o time_n it_o be_v exsiccate_v and_o altogether_o vanish_v so_o the_o land_n that_o touch_v upon_o the_o lake_n maeotis_n by_o the_o soil_n bring_v down_o by_o the_o river_n be_v increase_v so_o much_o that_o ship_n now_o far_o less_o than_o those_o about_o 60_o year_n since_o for_o traffic_v sake_n enter_v into_o it_o there_o be_v many_o example_n find_v of_o small_a lake_n change_v into_o dry_a land_n especial_o in_o holland_n proposition_n vii_o strait_n be_v exsiccate_v and_o change_v into_o isthmuss_n or_o continent_n that_o happen_v streights_n streights_n when_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a sink_v of_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n make_v in_o a_o long_a time_n the_o channel_n of_o the_o straight_o be_v become_v so_o high_a that_o it_o deni_v a_o passage_n to_o the_o sea_n so_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o isthmus_n between_o africa_n and_o asia_n be_v a_o straight_a by_o which_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o red-sea_n be_v conjoin_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n in_o many_o strait_n at_o this_o day_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v find_v lesser_a than_o in_o former_a time_n which_o be_v a_o certain_a token_n that_o those_o strait_n shall_v have_v no_o water_n in_o they_o in_o the_o time_n to_o come_v and_o shall_v be_v change_v into_o a_o dry_a isthmus_n so_o the_o straight_a through_o which_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n make_v a_o gulf_n which_o the_o hollander_n call_v snyder-zee_a and_o the_o texell_n at_o this_o day_n receive_v no_o large_a land_n ship_n and_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v every_o year_n find_v lesser_a and_o the_o land_n high_o therefore_o where_o the_o water_n be_v at_o the_o texell_n there_o after_o some_o age_n will_v be_v dry_a land_n concern_v the_o vlier_n the_o same_o in_o time_n to_o come_v will_v also_o happen_v proposition_n viii_o the_o bay_n or_o gulf_n which_o the_o ocean_n make_v between_o the_o mid-land_n in_o course_n of_o time_n do_v become_v dry_a 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bay_n therefore_o the_o mediterranean_a the_o baltic_a the_o red_a persian_a and_o other_o sea_n that_o be_v bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n will_v cease_v in_o time_n to_o be_v sea_n and_o will_v be_v change_v into_o land_n which_o shall_v be_v full_o prove_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n ix_o the_o ocean_n for_o sake_v some_o shore_n or_o coast_n so_o that_o it_o become_v land_n where_o the_o ocean_n former_o be_v shore_n where_o the_o ocean_n former_o be_v be_v now_o land_n by_o its_o forsake_v the_o shore_n that_o happen_v for_o these_o cause_n 1._o if_o that_o the_o force_n of_o water_n be_v break_v at_o the_o shore_n by_o rock_n here_o and_o there_o on_o the_o coast_n or_o cliff_n in_o the_o sea_n for_o that_o
force_n be_v break_v the_o terrestrial_a part_n of_o the_o water_n subside_o and_o sink_v and_o augment_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o bank_n of_o sand_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o impetus_fw-la of_o the_o ocean_n be_v more_o and_o more_o break_a and_o therefore_o more_o terrestrial_a matter_n subside_v so_o that_o the_o ridge_n be_v augment_v they_o exclude_v the_o ocean_n or_o make_v the_o channel_n more_o shallow_a 2._o it_o conduce_v much_o to_o the_o augmentation_n of_o the_o shore_n if_o that_o the_o shore_n be_v sandy_a and_o stony_a that_o the_o ocean_n run_v by_o can_v separate_v or_o take_v away_o little_a with_o it_o so_o that_o when_o it_o can_v take_v away_o nothing_o it_o always_o leave_v some_o particle_n that_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n the_o shore_n become_v more_o high_a and_o force_n or_o stop_v the_o ocean_n from_o its_o accustom_a place_n 3._o if_o that_o another_o adjacent_a shore_n have_v less_o solid_a earth_n that_o be_v light_a and_o full_a 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course_n of_o the_o river_n bring_v in_o and_o so_o egypt_n become_v high_a and_o before_o that_o so_o much_o matter_n be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o nile_n than_o the_o sea_n cover_v the_o land_n of_o egypt_n but_o now_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o admit_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o height_n of_o this_o aristotle_n and_o other_o be_v witness_n his_o word_n be_v these_o this_o place_n and_o the_o whole_a region_n of_o egypt_n which_o be_v only_o make_v by_o the_o river_n seem_v always_o to_o become_v more_o dry_a and_o because_o that_o the_o marsh_n by_o degree_n dry_v up_o the_o adjacent_a place_n begin_v to_o be_v inhabit_v the_o length_n of_o time_n obliterated_a the_o begin_n of_o it_o therefore_o all_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o nile_n except_o that_o of_o canopus_n seem_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n and_o not_o by_o the_o river_n moreover_o all_o egypt_n ancient_o consist_v of_o a_o city_n call_v thebes_n as_o be_v very_o manifest_a which_o homer_n also_o declare_v 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shoar_n acquire_v the_o great_a altitude_n and_o admit_v not_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o holland_n zealand_n and_o gelderland_n be_v make_v for_o that_o the_o ocean_n in_o time_n pass_v possess_v these_o country_n be_v know_v both_o from_o ancient_a history_n or_o monument_n as_o also_o from_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n itself_o the_o shell_n of_o fish_n find_v on_o the_o cliff_n or_o high_a part_n of_o gelderland_n not_o far_o from_o noviomagus_n do_v sufficient_o testify_v the_o same_o as_o also_o shrub_n and_o ouzey_a matter_n find_v in_o the_o profundity_n of_o the_o soil_n add_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v high_a than_o the_o land_n of_o these_o region_n and_o have_v overflow_v it_o and_o will_v cover_v it_o again_o if_o that_o it_o be_v not_o obstruct_v by_o bank_n of_o sand_n and_o rampart_n yet_o there_o be_v some_o that_o say_v they_o suppose_v that_o holland_n and_o zealand_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o rhine_n and_o the_o mosa_n which_o be_v not_o improbable_a proposition_n x._o to_o show_v the_o generation_n of_o sandy-bank_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o elsewhere_o bank_n the_o generation_n of_o sandy_a bank_n we_o term_v those_o bank_n of_o sand_n that_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n to_o that_o height_n that_o they_o hinder_v the_o passage_n of_o ship_n neither_o do_v they_o differ_v from_o rock_n but_o that_o their_o part_n do_v cohere_v and_o be_v condensated_a but_o the_o sand-bank_n do_v not_o consist_v of_o part_n very_o coherent_a but_o these_o word_n be_v oftentimes_o confound_v the_o sand-bank_n do_v either_o lie_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o river_n as_o many_o be_v in_o the_o wolga_n and_o the_o albis_n or_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o river_n which_o be_v frequent_a as_o in_o the_o wolga_n and_o the_o albis_n or_o on_o the_o seashore_n or_o amid_o sea_n the_o mode_n of_o the_o generation_n be_v the_o same_o by_o which_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o forego_n proposition_n that_o the_o channel_n of_o river_n be_v 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isle_n esteem_v about_o 1100_o neither_o ought_v we_o to_o doubt_v of_o it_o see_v that_o narrow_a euripuse_n pass_v through_o every_o two_o of_o these_o maldivian_n isle_n so_o that_o in_o some_o place_n they_o exceed_v not_o four_o or_o five_o ell_n but_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n many_o of_o they_o unite_v into_o one_o the_o euripus_n be_v diminish_v and_o all_o of_o they_o at_o length_n will_v conjoin_v in_o one_o oblong_v island_n yea_o all_o the_o oriental_a isle_n situate_a between_o the_o continent_n of_o asia_n and_o the_o land_n of_o magellan_n in_o a_o great_a number_n seem_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o land_n be_v separate_v for_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v move_v by_o a_o perpetual_a motion_n and_o force_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n that_o be_v from_o america_n to_o those_o oriental_a isle_n moreover_o a_o perpetual_a wind_n great_o augment_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o ocean_n towards_o that_o 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sea_n flow_v from_o the_o euxine_a sea_n and_o the_o mediterranean_a raise_v up_o of_o contrary_a flood_n or_o after_o the_o former_a mode_n by_o a_o subsidency_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n which_o the_o propontis_n have_v carry_v from_o the_o euxine_a sea_n as_o yet_o i_o doubt_v it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o a_o divulsion_n be_v make_v and_o peradventure_o that_o famous_a inundation_n of_o deucalion_n here_o also_o exercise_v its_o force_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o isle_n euboea_n at_o this_o day_n call_v negropont_n do_v former_o adhere_v to_o greece_n as_o author_n of_o no_o mean_a credit_n do_v relate_v for_o so_o small_a a_o euripus_n interflow_v that_o it_o may_v be_v join_v by_o a_o bridge_n we_o shall_v show_v that_o island_n may_v be_v make_v of_o sand-bank_n by_o many_o example_n so_o the_o island_n in_o the_o river_n nile_n and_o in_o the_o river_n of_o st._n laurence_n be_v former_o sand-bank_n river_n make_v island_n after_o another_o manner_n when_o that_o they_o send_v forth_o a_o branch_n which_o they_o receive_v into_o themselves_o in_o another_o place_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o wolga_n tanais_n and_o other_o place_n that_o this_o be_v not_o do_v by_o nature_n but_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o question_v the_o river_n ob_fw-la do_v the_o same_o these_o two_o river_n rengo_n and_o coanza_n make_v the_o isle_n loanda_n situate_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n which_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n in_o that_o place_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o bring_v great_a store_n of_o mud_n and_o rubbish_n with_o they_o they_o fall_v with_o a_o exceed_a force_n from_o mountainous_a place_n so_o that_o they_o lest_o this_o and_o as_o yet_o the_o same_o in_o their_o inlet_n and_o so_o in_o course_n of_o time_n make_v the_o island_n landa_n first_o make_v a_o sand-bank_n now_o most_o fertile_a and_o likewise_o populous_a and_o so_o we_o suppose_v that_o many_o sand-bank_n former_o make_v the_o island_n situate_v at_o the_o coast_n although_o that_o some_o be_v also_o cause_v by_o a_o divulsion_n make_v by_o the_o sea_n as_o norway_n and_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o this_o be_v the_o mode_n of_o generation_n of_o island_n in_o stony_a and_o rocky_a isle_n but_o in_o the_o indian_a sea_n island_n may_v have_v a_o original_a both_o by_o divulsion_n and_o subsidence_n or_o sink_v of_o matter_n because_o that_o whilst_o it_o force_v away_o it_o also_o eat_v between_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o at_o length_n it_o put_v in_o another_o place_n unto_o this_o many_o furious_a wind_n which_o be_v very_o frequent_a in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n from_o may_n to_o september_n do_v much_o conduce_v for_o by_o these_o the_o sea_n be_v mighty_o trouble_v so_o that_o the_o sand_n and_o gravel_n be_v separate_v from_o its_o bottom_n and_o from_o other_o region_n which_o matter_n be_v force_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o india_n so_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o port_n of_o goa_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o winter-wind_n from_o may_n to_o september_n be_v so_o obstruct_v with_o congest_a heap_n of_o sand_n that_o they_o hardly_o afford_v a_o passage_n to_o small_a vessel_n so_o these_o heap_n of_o sand_n shut_v up_o the_o port_n of_o cocin_n on_o those_o month_n so_o that_o neither_o small_a nor_o great_a vessel_n can_v pass_v for_o a_o continual_a rain_n on_o the_o mountain_n gatis_n and_o a_o frequent_a ecnephias_n or_o impetuous_a wind_n from_o a_o cloud_n break_v forth_o with_o a_o abundance_n of_o water_n from_o the_o cloud_n which_o be_v behold_v to_o hang_v as_o it_o be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o gatis_n send_v forth_o such_o a_o abundance_n of_o water_n and_o with_o that_o violence_n that_o it_o carry_v much_o sand_n with_o it_o to_o the_o shore_n where_o the_o ocean_n resist_v which_o sand_n when_o that_o the_o winter_n end_v be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o ocean_n and_o the_o port_n be_v open_v there_o be_v some_o land_n so_o nigh_o the_o shore_n that_o the_o flux_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v make_v they_o island_n and_o in_o the_o reflux_n they_o be_v in_o appearance_n part_n of_o the_o continent_n and_o if_o that_o the_o interpose_a channel_n acquire_v a_o great_a altitude_n in_o progress_n of_o time_n at_o length_n the_o flux_n of_o water_n be_v exclude_v and_o the_o island_n become_v part_n of_o the_o continent_n without_o reciprocal_a mutation_n and_o also_o the_o nile_n overflow_a egypt_n every_o year_n cause_v the_o city_n and_o hill_n of_o egypt_n then_o to_o seem_v island_n so_o the_o river_n wolga_n do_v so_o increase_v in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n and_o june_n that_o it_o cover_v the_o sand_n and_o island_n and_o many_o of_o the_o isle_n that_o adjoyn_v unto_o india_n become_v sands_n in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n where_o that_o the_o nile_n and_o the_o ganges_n do_v overflow_v the_o region_n proposition_n xiii_o there_o be_v yet_o another_o mode_n beside_o the_o two_o already_o relate_v by_o which_o island_n have_v a_o be_v or_o original_a viz._n for_o the_o coherent_a earth_n sudden_o to_o be_v carry_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o superficies_n original_a another_o mode_n by_o which_o island_n have_v a_o original_a other_o suppose_v this_o mode_n and_o that_o not_o undeserved_o to_o have_v proceed_v from_o the_o fabulous_a grecian_n and_o poet_n but_o seneca_n a_o grave_a author_n relate_v that_o the_o island_n thracia_n in_o his_o time_n spring_v up_o in_o the_o aegean_a sea_n whilst_o that_o the_o mariner_n look_v on_o although_o therefore_o that_o very_o few_o example_n of_o such_o production_n of_o island_n be_v to_o be_v find_v yet_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v suppose_v impossible_a for_o it_o may_v be_v that_o a_o porous_a spungy_a sulphureous_a earth_n do_v exist_v as_o there_o be_v a_o various_a difference_n and_o mixture_n of_o sight_n earth_n which_o even_o now_o have_v increase_v to_o a_o notable_a altitude_n yet_o so_o as_o that_o it_o yet_o remain_v beneath_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n now_o if_o that_o such_o a_o sand_n or_o earth_n adhere_v less_o firm_a at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o may_v be_v separate_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o that_o it_o be_v little_o light_a than_o the_o water_n or_o almost_o of_o the_o same_o levity_n therefore_o it_o will_v ascend_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o sudden_o a_o island_n will_v seem_v to_o spring_v up_o or_o a_o spirit_n or_o wind_n include_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n without_o any_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o endeavour_v to_o break_v forth_o may_v send_v forth_o such_o a_o island_n above_o the_o water_n for_o great_a be_v the_o force_n of_o wind_n include_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o require_v a_o large_a space_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o
earthquake_n by_o which_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o sometime_o mountain_n be_v send_v forth_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o sometime_o swallow_v up_o the_o same_o be_v manifest_a from_o warlike_a mine_n where_o the_o wind_n break_v up_o great_a tower_n and_o wall_n and_o carry_v they_o into_o the_o air._n if_o that_o therefore_o such_o a_o island_n of_o a_o sudden_a spring_a in_o the_o sea_n adhere_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o must_v necessary_o say_v that_o it_o be_v force_v upward_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o some_o subterraneous_a wind_n as_o some_o write_v that_o mountain_n sometime_o be_v thrust_v forth_o of_o the_o earth_n but_o if_o that_o it_o no_o long_o adhere_v to_o the_o bottom_n as_o well_o the_o wind_n as_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n may_v separate_v it_o from_o the_o bottom_n so_o that_o at_o length_n by_o its_o own_o levity_n it_o be_v carry_v upward_o to_o the_o superficies_n proposition_n fourteen_o whence_o another_o doubt_n do_v arise_v viz._n whether_o that_o there_o be_v certain_a island_n that_o swim_v on_o the_o sea_n as_o thales_n suppose_v the_o whole_a earth_n to_o swim_v on_o the_o ocean_n for_o the_o opinion_n of_o thales_n it_o be_v sufficient_o refute_v see_v that_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v find_v continuous_a to_o the_o land_n but_o reason_n persuade_v we_o that_o there_o may_v be_v swim_v island_n if_o that_o the_o land_n be_v light_a and_o sulphureous_a seneca_n add_v experience_n for_o he_o say_v that_o he_o see_v the_o isle_n catylias_n swim_v which_o have_v tree_n and_o bring_v forth_o grass_n and_o herb_n that_o the_o water_n sustain_v it_o and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o drive_v hither_o and_o thither_o by_o the_o wind_n but_o also_o by_o the_o air_n and_o that_o it_o continue_v not_o in_o one_o station_n either_o by_o day_n or_o by_o night_n moreover_o there_o be_v another_o island_n in_o the_o lake_n vadimon_n another_o in_o the_o lake_n station_n so_o the_o ancient_n relate_v that_o delos_n and_o all_o the_o cyclades_n former_o swim_v in_o the_o sea_n neither_o may_v you_o object_v why_o do_v not_o those_o island_n swim_v at_o this_o day_n for_o unto_o this_o the_o answer_n be_v easy_a that_o such_o a_o swim_a can_v continue_v long_o for_o see_v that_o those_o island_n almost_o touch_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n whilst_o that_o they_o be_v move_v hither_o and_o thither_o they_o be_v carry_v more_o or_o less_o elevate_v to_o the_o sand_n or_o channel_n especial_o if_o that_o they_o come_v in_o the_o midst_n between_o two_o sand_n that_o motion_n be_v stop_v and_o other_o collect_v earth_n be_v unite_v with_o this_o sand-bank_n or_o channel_n and_o so_o of_o swim_v island_n they_o become_v firm_a in_o fondura_fw-it a_o country_n in_o america_n at_o this_o day_n be_v a_o lake_n in_o which_o be_v many_o hill_n which_o be_v move_v to_o and_o fro_o with_o the_o wind_n in_o the_o great_a lake_n of_o scotland_n call_v loumond_n be_v a_o isle_n that_o swime_v and_o be_v move_v about_o although_o that_o it_o be_v apt_a for_o pasturage_n as_o boetius_fw-la write_v hitherto_o we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o the_o acid_n part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v extant_a on_o the_o superficies_n we_o shall_v now_o consider_v how_o the_o ocean_n and_o water_n may_v change_v their_o place_n and_o possess_v new_a proposition_n xv._o rivers_n possess_v certain_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o they_o possess_v not_o before_o and_o that_o for_o divers_a reason_n before_o certain_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o river_n possess_v which_o they_o possess_v not_o before_o 1._o when_o that_o they_o first_o arise_v from_o their_o fountain_n and_o receive_v a_o channel_n either_o from_o nature_n or_o by_o art_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n 2._o if_o that_o a_o river_n make_v another_o channel_n for_o itself_o or_o send_v forth_o a_o branch_n from_o itself_o which_o be_v most_o common_o do_v by_o man_n viz._n that_o they_o may_v bring_v part_n of_o the_o river_n unto_o city_n or_o into_o another_o river_n example_n of_o which_o we_o have_v allege_v in_o the_o forecited_a chapter_n 3._o if_o that_o river_n more_o and_o more_o possess_v the_o bank_n in_o progress_n of_o time_n which_o happen_v 1._o if_o that_o the_o channel_n become_v high_a from_o the_o sink_v down_o of_o the_o earth_n or_o sand._n 2._o if_o that_o it_o eat_v off_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bank_n by_o its_o swift_a course_n 3._o if_o that_o it_o be_v augment_v by_o another_o river_n and_o by_o a_o abundance_n of_o rain_n or_o a_o exhydria_n or_o impetuous_a wind_n accompany_v with_o a_o mighty_a fall_n of_o water_n 4._o if_o that_o they_o overflow_v the_o earth_n which_o if_o not_o go_v back_o again_o but_o do_v more_o and_o more_o augment_v they_o become_v lake_n or_o if_o they_o return_v to_o their_o ancient_a channel_n the_o water_n be_v effuse_v into_o the_o field_n become_v a_o marsh_n if_o that_o there_o be_v great_a abundance_n of_o it_o corollary_n it_o be_v probable_a therefore_o then_o that_o there_o be_v a_o time_n in_o which_o those_o tract_n of_o land_n which_o now_o the_o rhine_n elbe_n and_o the_o nile_n possess_v as_o also_o other_o river_n be_v dry_a and_o possess_v by_o the_o earth_n proposition_n xvi_o lake_n marsh_n and_o standing-pool_n occupy_v part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o before_o they_o possess_v not_o not_o lake_n marsh_n and_o pool_n possess_v part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o former_o they_o do_v not_o 1._o when_o that_o they_o first_o spring_v up_o and_o be_v augment_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n 2._o if_o that_o abundance_n of_o rain_n fall_v 3._o if_o that_o river_n bring_v store_n of_o water_n with_o force_n into_o the_o lake_n 4._o if_o that_o the_o channel_n become_v more_o high_a 5._o if_o that_o the_o lake_n be_v agitate_a by_o often_o and_o more_o vehement_a flood_n by_o degree_n do_v more_o eat_v the_o bank_n and_o cover_v the_o land_n with_o water_n so_o the_o lake_n of_o harlem_n within_o thirty_o or_o forty_o year_n have_v extend_v beyond_o its_o former_a bank_n about_o the_o space_n of_o the_o twenty_o part_n of_o a_o mile_n corollary_n therefore_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o those_o tract_n of_o land_n which_o now_o the_o lake_n zaire_n lemanus_n parina_n harlem_n maeotis_n or_o the_o marsh_n of_o westphalia_n and_o all_o other_o former_o possess_v be_v dry_a land_n proposition_n xvii_o the_o ocean_n possess_v part_n of_o the_o land_n which_o former_o it_o do_v not_o possess_v possess_v land_n possess_v by_o the_o ocean_n which_o former_o it_o do_v not_o possess_v this_o happen_v after_o various_a manner_n 1._o when_o that_o break_n through_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o land_n it_o make_v streights_n and_o gulf_n as_o the_o mediterranean_a the_o arabian_a that_o of_o bengala_n camboja_n and_o such_o like_a so_o the_o straight_a between_o sicily_n and_o italy_n between_o geilan_n and_o india_n between_o greece_n and_o euboeja_n between_o manilla_fw-la and_o magellan_n and_o also_o the_o danish_a etc._n etc._n neither_o be_v it_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n be_v so_o generate_v and_o that_o america_n be_v so_o divide_v from_o the_o old_a world_n or_o at_o least_o from_o europe_n which_o some_o do_v the_o more_o easy_o embrace_v that_o they_o may_v thence_o only_o deduct_v the_o original_a of_o the_o american_n nation_n from_o adam_n indeed_o the_o egyptian_a priest_n relate_v unto_o solon_n about_o six_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o dialogue_n of_o plato_n term_v timon_n that_o there_o be_v former_o opposite_a to_o the_o herculean_a streight_n of_o gibraltar_n a_o isle_n big_a than_o asia_n and_o europe_n together_o call_v atlantis_n and_o that_o part_n of_o it_o afterward_o by_o a_o great_a earthquake_n and_o a_o great_a deluge_n of_o one_o day_n and_o one_o night_n be_v swallow_v up_o in_o the_o ocean_n from_o which_o narration_n we_o may_v collect_v that_o in_o former_a time_n among_o the_o egyptian_n there_o be_v a_o fame_n especial_o among_o those_o that_o be_v learned_a of_o the_o separation_n of_o america_n from_o our_o world_n make_v many_o age_n before_o but_o it_o be_v far_o more_o likely_a that_o the_o north_n part_n of_o america_n in_o which_o be_v new_a france_n new_a england_n canada_n and_o the_o like_a do_v in_o former_a age_n adhere_v to_o ireland_n the_o ancient_n write_v that_o the_o strait_n of_o gibraltar_n be_v dug_n through_o by_o hercules_n 2._o when_o with_o a_o violent_a wind_n the_o ocean_n be_v force_v and_o overflow_v the_o land_n by_o break_v through_o or_o over_o the_o bank_n that_o be_v make_v by_o nature_n and_o art_n there_o be_v
many_o example_n of_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o ocean_n as_o former_o in_o thessaly_n and_o not_o long_o since_o in_o friezland_n and_o holsatia_n 3._o when_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o penetrate_v the_o firm_a land_n and_o make_v island_n by_o this_o mode_n we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o former_a proposition_n that_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o that_o sea_n have_v its_o original_n which_o interflow_v between_o those_o innumerable_a oriental_a isle_n and_o that_o which_o flow_v between_o the_o maldivian_n isle_n and_o india_n and_o also_o between_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n and_o camboja_n 4._o when_o it_o by_o degree_n eat_v and_o consume_v the_o coast_n or_o shore_n and_o so_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n cover_v some_o part_n of_o the_o shore_n and_o of_o the_o adjacent_a land_n so_o the_o baltic_a sea_n invade_v the_o coast_n of_o pomerania_n and_o destroy_v the_o famous_a town_n or_o empory_n of_o vinetam_n so_o take_v away_o the_o island_n from_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n it_o let_v in_o itself_o between_o these_o isle_n and_o the_o continent_n so_o the_o german_a ocean_n have_v possess_v the_o shore_n of_o holland_n near_o the_o village_n of_o the_o catti_n in_o a_o great_a space_n of_o land_n so_o that_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o british_a tower_n formerly_z a_o fortress_n or_o castle_n of_o the_o roman_n now_o lie_v inconspicuous_a be_v cover_v with_o water_n far_o from_o the_o shore_n in_o the_o sea_n the_o ocean_n have_v take_v from_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o island_n of_o ceilan_n the_o space_n of_o 20_o mile_n so_o that_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v far_o lesser_a than_o it_o be_v and_o there_o be_v many_o more_o example_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n corollary_n from_o hence_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o now_o the_o ocean_n be_v in_o time_n past_a be_v land_n and_o again_o shall_v be_v land_n to_o wit_n if_o that_o we_o do_v suppose_v that_o the_o earth_n have_v continue_v so_o many_o thousand_o year_n and_o shall_v yet_o continue_v concern_v this_o argument_n you_o may_v consult_v aristotle_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o meteor_n and_o the_o twelve_o chapter_n and_o stevinus_n in_o his_o geography_n if_o that_o you_o demand_v how_o the_o ocean_n shall_v occupy_v the_o place_n of_o mountain_n that_o then_o the_o mountain_n shall_v not_o be_v cover_v by_o the_o sea_n but_o shall_v then_o become_v either_o rock_n or_o island_n other_o earth_n be_v force_v unto_o they_o that_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o example_n of_o many_o island_n yea_o almost_o of_o all_o because_o that_o experience_n testify_v that_o almost_o all_o isle_n have_v mountain_n in_o the_o midst_n as_o ceilan_n sumatra_n java_n furthermore_o some_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o mountain_n as_o st._n helena_n ascension_n the_o hesperides_n and_o the_o like_a see_v therefore_o that_o those_o place_n of_o the_o ocean_n in_o which_o those_o isle_n lie_v in_o age_n to_o come_v shall_v be_v or_o already_o have_v be_v land_n than_o indeed_o the_o mountain_n of_o these_o isle_n shall_v be_v mountain_n of_o the_o continent_n proposition_n xviii_o whether_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v become_v dry_a or_o land_n or_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v all_o liquid_a or_o cover_v with_o water_n that_o the_o most_o part_n shall_v be_v of_o a_o earthy_a superficies_n at_o one_o time_n more_o than_o at_o another_o or_o that_o more_o shall_v be_v cover_v with_o water_n water_n of_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n whether_o it_o may_v become_v all_o land_n or_o all_o water_n 1._o that_o sometime_o the_o land_n shall_v possess_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o at_o another_o also_o that_o which_o be_v a_o consequence_n to_o the_o former_a that_o water_n at_o one_o time_n shall_v possess_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n more_o than_o at_o another_o have_v be_v sufficient_o show_v in_o the_o second_o proposition_n of_o this_o chapter_n 2._o whether_o the_o water_n or_o ocean_n can_v cover_v the_o whole_a earth_n so_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o earth_n or_o island_n above_o it_o and_o so_o cause_v a_o universal_a stand_v unto_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o a_o mode_n may_v be_v conceive_v and_o explain_v by_o which_o it_o may_v natural_o be_v do_v but_o yet_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o compaction_n of_o the_o land_n and_o altitude_n of_o the_o mountain_n it_o be_v scarce_o probable_a that_o any_o such_o thing_n will_v be_v the_o mode_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v do_v be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o explain_v in_o the_o second_o proposition_n for_o if_o that_o the_o ocean_n continual_o eat_v the_o land_n from_o the_o shore_n and_o lay_v it_o down_o in_o the_o profound_a part_n of_o its_o channel_n and_o do_v this_o in_o a_o perpetual_a course_n of_o time_n than_o it_o shall_v take_v away_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o superficies_n or_o extant_a part_n and_o itself_o shall_v cover_v all_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o mountain_n shall_v either_o be_v make_v rock_n or_o shall_v by_o degree_n sink_v and_o fall_v their_o foundation_n be_v consume_v by_o the_o vehement_a force_n of_o the_o water_n but_o this_o may_v be_v do_v more_o easy_o if_o that_o we_o will_v follow_v their_o opinion_n who_o attribute_v a_o great_a height_n to_o the_o ocean_n than_o to_o the_o land_n but_o we_o have_v in_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n sufficient_o confute_v that_o opinion_n 3._o whether_o that_o the_o land_n can_v so_o occupy_v the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o all_o the_o water_n and_o the_o whole_a ocean_n may_v be_v contain_v in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o in_o the_o subterraneous_a passage_n and_o cover_v by_o the_o earth_n unto_o this_o i_o answer_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a and_o that_o a_o mode_n may_v be_v conceive_v by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v do_v but_o yet_o scarce_o ever_o shall_v be_v now_o there_o be_v only_o one_o mode_n to_o be_v conceive_v viz._n that_o if_o now_o there_o be_v or_o may_v be_v so_o many_o cavity_n within_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o earth_n within_o the_o which_o the_o ocean_n may_v be_v contain_v for_o neither_o have_v it_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o any_o as_o hitherto_o that_o such_o cavity_n be_v not_o in_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v do_v 1._o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o 2._o by_o subterraneous_a wind_n proposition_n xix_o why_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n no_o island_n be_v find_v and_o no_o abundancy_n of_o isle_n but_o most_o at_o great_a continent_n or_o great_a island_n ocean_n no_o isle_n find_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o doubt_v for_o experience_n manifest_o prove_v it_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o vast_a pacifick_n ocean_n between_o africa_n and_o brasilia_n beside_o the_o isle_n of_o sancta_fw-la helena_n and_o that_o of_o the_o ascension_n few_o be_v find_v but_o about_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o continent_n or_o in_o the_o ocean_n not_o far_o from_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o great_a continent_n all_o island_n be_v those_o few_o only_o except_v which_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o this_o may_v especial_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o those_o numerous_a one_o that_o we_o term_v troop_n of_o isle_n which_o be_v all_o near_a the_o continent_n the_o troop_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o aegean_a sea_n adjoin_v to_o europe_n and_o asia_n the_o hesperide_n to_o africa_n the_o maldivian_n isle_n to_o india_n as_o also_o all_o the_o indian_a isle_n between_o asia_n and_o the_o south_n continent_n only_o the_o flandrian_a isle_n or_o azore_n seem_v to_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o ocean_n between_o the_o old_a world_n and_o america_n although_o that_o they_o be_v more_o near_o to_o that_o than_o to_o this_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o phenomenon_n or_o situation_n of_o the_o island_n without_o doubt_n be_v that_o they_o have_v a_o be_v from_o the_o irruption_n of_o the_o ocean_n into_o the_o continent_n by_o which_o violence_n the_o land_n of_o the_o continent_n be_v separate_v but_o because_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o so_o great_a that_o it_o can_v cover_v all_o the_o land_n intercept_v thence_o here_o and_o there_o between_o the_o continent_n and_o at_o the_o continent_n troop_n of_o island_n do_v arise_v also_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o some_o of_o they_o be_v generate_v by_o another_o mode_n viz._n because_o the_o ocean_n can_v carry_v the_o land_n separate_v and_o cut_v off_o any_o long_a space_n with_o it_o but_o suffer_v they_o by_o degree_n to_o subside_v
air_n f_o h_n be_v rarify_v now_o require_v more_o space_n now_o you_o will_v find_v the_o degree_n of_o accretion_n and_o diminution_n of_o the_o heat_n and_o cold_a if_o that_o you_o divide_v the_o line_n f_o a_o on_o the_o table_n into_o certain_a part_n of_o number_n or_o without_o put_v a_o vessel_n under_o set_v the_o glass_n l_o h_n even_o at_o the_o extremity_n l_o have_v a_o globe_n with_o a_o little_a hole_n from_o the_o side_n and_o let_v this_o globular_a vessel_n be_v fill_v with_o air_n for_o so_o also_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n will_v be_v show_v by_o the_o ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n proposition_n x._o the_o serene_a air_n may_v be_v carry_v so_o by_o a_o most_o vehement_a fire_n that_o it_o may_v occupy_v a_o space_n 70_o time_n great_a than_o it_o do_v before_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o may_v be_v so_o condense_v in_o a_o windgun_n that_o it_o may_v only_o possess_v a_o 60_o part_n of_o the_o former_a space_n but_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n bring_v not_o so_o great_a a_o rarification_n or_o the_o cold_a so_o great_a a_o condensation_n to_o the_o air_n the_o same_o be_v prove_v from_o that_o that_o if_o you_o take_v a_o aeolopile_n and_o heat_n it_o with_o fire_n so_o that_o it_o may_v then_o contain_v 13_o ounce_n but_o the_o same_o be_v cold_a and_o return_v to_o its_o former_a natural_a estate_n it_o will_v contain_v 13_o ounce_n a_o dram_n and_o a_o half_a therefore_o the_o space_n that_o the_o air_n occupy_v whilst_o that_o it_o be_v hot_a be_v great_a than_o the_o space_n that_o the_o air_n possess_v when_o refrigerated_a that_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o space_n be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o aeolopile_n that_o receive_v half_o a_o dram_n of_o water_n if_o that_o the_o whole_a receive_v 13_o ounce_n with_o half_a a_o dram_n and_o the_o part_n of_o this_o aeolopile_n be_v almost_o the_o 70_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a space_n in_o the_o aeolopile_n therefore_o the_o air_n be_v hot_a have_v possess_v a_o space_n 70_o time_n great_a than_o it_o do_v when_o it_o return_v to_o its_o natural_a estate_n proposition_n xi_o why_o in_o the_o place_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n at_o the_o time_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n arise_v not_o altogether_o unto_o they_o on_o some_o day_n the_o air_n be_v clear_a and_o serene_a and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n cloudy_a and_o foggy_a zone_n of_o the_o air_n in_o place_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n i_o answer_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o gross_a and_o almost_o perpetual_a mist_n or_o fog_n be_v the_o small_a heat_n of_o the_o subterraneous_a earth_n itself_o or_o else_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o sun_n and_o likewise_o the_o moon_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o obscurity_n of_o the_o sun_n remain_v many_o day_n and_o night_n continual_o above_o the_o horizon_n &_o the_o other_o star_n which_o heat_n because_o it_o be_v weak_a can_v dissipate_v this_o mist_n now_o that_o some_o day_n or_o night_n afford_v a_o serenity_n of_o the_o air_n this_o happen_v not_o because_o the_o thick_a vapour_n be_v attenuate_v but_o because_o that_o they_o either_o sink_v down_o into_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o be_v force_v into_o other_o place_n by_o the_o wind_n proposition_n xii_o why_o oftentimes_o in_o the_o great_a cold_a of_o the_o winter_n the_o air_n be_v yet_o subtle_a and_o serene_a when_o that_o yet_o the_o cold_a condensate_v and_o contract_v the_o air_n winter_n the_o air_n subtle_a and_o serene_a in_o the_o great_a cold_a of_o the_o winter_n cold_n be_v twofold_a moderate_a or_o extreme_a moderate_a cold_a render_v not_o the_o air_n serene_a but_o cloudy_a by_o reason_n that_o vapour_n be_v elevate_v but_o not_o discuss_v by_o that_o little_a heat_n which_o be_v mix_v or_o adjoin_v to_o that_o cold_a but_o a_o extreme_a cold_a make_v the_o air_n serene_a for_o a_o twofold_a reason_n 1._o because_o it_o render_v the_o grosser_n vapour_n of_o the_o air_n more_o gross_a and_o so_o cause_v they_o to_o fall_v and_o make_v the_o air_n more_o subtle_a 2._o because_o that_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v shut_v and_o bind_v up_o and_o the_o vapour_n themselves_o can_v exhale_v and_o render_v the_o air_n turbid_v the_o sea_n itself_o indeed_o be_v not_o bind_v up_o with_o ice_n yet_o the_o particle_n be_v so_o condensated_a with_o ice_n that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o apt_a for_o exhalation_n although_o it_o send_v forth_o many_o for_o the_o condition_n of_o it_o and_o the_o earth_n be_v different_a proposition_n xiii_o why_o the_o air_n be_v behold_v at_o the_o horizontal_n line_n appear_v more_o thick_a and_o cloudy_a than_o that_o in_o which_o we_o be_v the_o cause_n be_v twofold_a 1._o because_o that_o the_o air_n about_o the_o horizon_n be_v indeed_o more_o cloudy_a the_o other_o be_v a_o fallacy_n or_o deception_n of_o the_o sight_n or_o judgement_n from_o our_o sight_n for_o the_o eye_n apprehend_v the_o distance_n of_o column_n place_v in_o a_o long_a order_n and_o series_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o judgement_n suppose_v the_o remote_a column_n to_o be_v conjoin_v so_o also_o it_o apprehend_v not_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o horizontal_n air_n but_o imagine_v they_o conjoin_v but_o the_o eye_n behold_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o elevate_a air_n under_o great_a angle_n and_o therefore_o better_a apprehend_v it_o the_o same_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o air_n which_o appear_v cloudy_a to_o we_o remove_v from_o it_o when_o we_o come_v to_o it_o or_o be_v in_o it_o seem_v less_o misty_a or_o cloudy_a proposition_n fourteen_o whether_o that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o air_n above_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o place_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n and_o whether_o its_o figure_n be_v spherical_a atmosphere_n of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n that_o the_o altitude_n be_v not_o the_o same_o but_o divers_a in_o sundry_a place_n seem_v to_o follow_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v only_o vertical_a to_o one_o place_n at_o one_o time_n and_o it_o send_v forth_o oblique_a ray_n and_o therefore_o more_o weak_a unto_o other_o place_n by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o sun_n and_o near_o to_o the_o pole_n therefore_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v very_o different_a to_o the_o elevate_n of_o the_o vapour_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v raise_v to_o different_a altitude_n to_o wit_n in_o a_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a his_o altitude_n be_v the_o great_a in_o the_o opposite_a place_n the_o lesser_a in_o the_o place_n about_o the_o pole_n moderate_a so_o that_o the_o air_n receive_v a_o oval_a figure_n but_o the_o contrary_n be_v more_o probable_a viz._n that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o place_n for_o although_o that_o the_o vapour_n and_o air_n be_v more_o elevate_v in_o some_o place_n than_o in_o other_o yet_o because_o that_o the_o air_n be_v fluid_a and_o tend_v by_o its_o gravity_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o more_o elevate_a part_n of_o the_o air_n press_v down_o the_o air_n place_v under_o it_o and_o this_o thrust_v down_o another_o more_o depress_v until_o all_o the_o part_n acquire_v the_o same_o altitude_n and_o after_o the_o same_o mode_n the_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o air_n shall_v be_v demonstrate_v as_o in_o the_o thirteen_o chapter_n we_o have_v prove_v with_o archimedes_n concern_v the_o water_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o same_o hypothesis_n be_v prevalent_a here_o which_o we_o there_o assume_v to_o wit_n that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n less_o press_v be_v expel_v by_o that_o which_o be_v more_o press_v for_o every_o part_n be_v press_v by_o the_o air_n that_o be_v above_o it_o wherefore_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spherical_a not_o oval_a as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o but_o if_o the_o forementioned_a hypothesis_n be_v not_o grant_v the_o demonstration_n fall_v des_fw-mi cartes_n also_o make_v the_o air_n oval_n in_o figure_n for_o a_o peculiar_a reason_n see_v chapter_n fourteen_o proposition_n xv._o condensation_n or_o rarefaction_n of_o air_n change_v not_o its_o altitude_n altitude_n condensation_n of_o air_n change_v not_o its_o altitude_n because_o that_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n be_v not_o condense_v but_o only_o some_o part_n and_o at_o all_o time_n some_o part_n be_v condense_v sometime_o these_o sometime_o those_o wherefore_o the_o condensation_n or_o rarefaction_n of_o one_o time_n do_v no_o more_o alterare_fw-la the_o air_n than_o the_o condensation_n or_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o first_o time_n there_o only_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o difference_n that_o at_o one_o time_n there_o may_v be_v a_o great_a condensation_n or_o rarefaction_n than_o at_o another_o but_o this_o
difference_n can_v little_o augment_v the_o altitude_n proposition_n xvi_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o air_n be_v not_o only_o the_o same_o in_o divers_a place_n but_o it_o remain_v the_o same_o and_o that_o constant_o at_o all_o time_n both_o winter_n and_o summer_n place_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v always_o the_o same_o in_o divers_a place_n for_o although_o that_o heat_n in_o the_o summer_n of_o our_o place_n may_v more_o elevate_v also_o our_o air_n more_o than_o in_o winter_n yet_o because_o that_o the_o winter_n be_v at_o the_o same_o in_o another_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o air_n be_v less_o raise_v in_o it_o wherefore_o part_n of_o our_o air_n shall_v be_v move_v towards_o the_o air_n of_o those_o place_n where_o the_o air_n be_v less_o elevate_v viz._n to_o the_o more_o depress_a place_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o fourteen_o proposition_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a whilst_o that_o the_o air_n of_o the_o place_n where_o we_o be_v be_v depress_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o winter_n part_n of_o this_o air_n where_o the_o summer_n or_o the_o great_a heat_n be_v shall_v be_v move_v towards_o our_o place_n viz._n until_o the_o whole_a air_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o same_o be_v the_o reason_n concern_v the_o day_n and_o the_o night_n for_o whilst_o that_o the_o air_n be_v depress_v and_o contract_v in_o the_o night_n to_o we_o in_o another_o place_n it_o be_v more_o rarefy_a and_o so_o be_v move_v towards_o the_o air_n of_o our_o place_n until_o it_o again_o make_v a_o spherical_a figure_n and_o because_o that_o all_o be_v equal_a on_o every_o side_n therefore_o the_o name_n altitude_n shall_v remain_v in_o every_o time_n but_o because_o that_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v more_o in_o one_o time_n and_o place_n than_o in_o another_o that_o difference_n see_v that_o it_o be_v very_o small_a can_v very_o little_o vary_v the_o altitude_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n the_o same_o be_v the_o account_n of_o rains_n or_o mist_n or_o vapour_n that_o be_v in_o we_o or_o in_o another_o place_n for_o to_o these_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n shall_v be_v less_o or_o more_o but_o i_o answer_v that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o time_n in_o which_o in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o rain_v not_o and_o that_o the_o mist_n fall_v not_o and_o therefore_o when_o that_o it_o rain_v in_o one_o place_n the_o air_n become_v not_o lesser_a than_o it_o be_v before_o because_o that_o before_o it_o rain_v in_o another_o place_n and_o so_o the_o reason_n be_v equal_a and_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o air_n be_v neither_o augment_v nor_o diminish_v proposition_n xvii_o by_o how_o much_o the_o air_n be_v more_o cold_a by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o it_o be_v condense_v and_o therefore_o for_o the_o most_o part_n more_o condense_v in_o the_o winter_n than_o in_o the_o summer_n to_o wit_n in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n also_o in_o the_o night_n than_o in_o the_o day_n now_o watery_a thick_a exhalation_n in_o the_o winter_n and_o the_o night_n cause_n and_o augment_v that_o condensation_n especial_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o evening_n condense_a the_o cold_o the_o air_n the_o more_o condense_a the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a from_o the_o precede_a proposition_n neither_o do_v it_o obstruct_v for_o that_o part_n of_o the_o more_o not_o air_n be_v move_v to_o the_o more_o cold_a as_o to_o a_o more_o depress_a place_n because_o that_o not_o that_o itself_o but_o another_o adjoin_a approachment_n by_o reason_n of_o continual_a protrusion_n and_o if_o that_o that_o happen_v yet_o in_o a_o cold_a place_n that_o become_v also_o cold_a proposition_n xviii_o there_o be_v three_o region_n vulgar_o make_v in_o the_o air_n whereof_o the_o middle_a be_v that_o in_o which_o the_o snow_n rain_n and_o hail_n be_v generate_v the_o first_o be_v that_o in_o which_o we_o be_v extend_v itself_o even_o to_o the_o middle_a region_n the_o three_o be_v that_o which_o begin_v the_o uttermost_a bind_v of_o the_o middle_a region_n and_o extend_v itself_o to_o the_o utmost_a superficies_n of_o the_o air_n even_o to_o the_o sublunary_a fire_n as_o the_o aristotelian_o affirm_v air._n three_o region_n in_o the_o air._n the_o middle_a region_n be_v more_o cold_a than_o the_o first_o and_o three_o which_o be_v reckon_v more_o hot_a but_o the_o three_o by_o reason_n that_o it_o contain_v more_o subtle_a fiery_a and_o sulphureous_a part_n of_o exhalation_n which_o fly_v to_o it_o about_o the_o place_n of_o the_o watery_a particle_n or_o be_v thrust_v down_o as_o more_o light_n the_o aristotelian_o say_v that_o it_o be_v hot_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o vicinity_n to_o the_o fiery-sphere_n but_o the_o first_o because_o that_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n fall_v be_v â—eaâ—_n there_o reflex_v and_o so_o duplicate_v the_o heat_n it_o happen_v that_o some_o particle_n of_o subterraneous_a fire_n exhale_v be_v in_o this_o region_n but_o the_o middle_a region_n iâ—_n more_o cold_a by_o reason_n that_o the_o reflect_a ray_n be_v there_o vicine_fw-la to_o those_o that_o fall_v in_o on_o the_o earth_n neither_o do_v they_o contain_v any_o fiery_a sulphureous_a particle_n but_o watery_a one_o for_o the_o sulphureous_a and_o fiery_a one_o that_o have_v carry_v up_o the_o watery_a one_o fly_v high_o proposition_n xix_o by_o how_o much_o that_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a recede_v to_o the_o pole_n or_o by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o distant_a the_o place_n of_o the_o air_n be_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o the_o rain_n snow_n hail_o begin_v to_o be_v generate_v the_o reason_n be_v that_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v fall_v more_o oblique_o on_o the_o place_n about_o the_o pole_n than_o on_o the_o place_n about_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o ray_n refract_v be_v much_o withdraw_v from_o those_o fall_n in_o and_o so_o cause_v lesser_a heat_n and_o for_o a_o lesser_a space_n than_o the_o ray_n under_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o so_o in_o a_o more_o near_a place_n the_o watery_a vapour_n may_v unite_v to_o generate_v watery_a meteor_n corollary_n the_o superficies_n terminate_a the_o first_o region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v of_o a_o oval_a figure_n or_o rather_o elliptical_a or_o sphere_n like_a protuberate_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n proposition_n xx._n by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v near_a the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o distance_n the_o region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v distant_a from_o that_o earth_n that_o begin_v the_o three_o or_o in_o which_o the_o more_o subtle_a and_o sulphureous_a particle_n be_v for_o there_o be_v the_o few_o and_o more_o subtle_a particle_n in_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v near_o the_o pole_n because_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n elicitate_v few_o from_o the_o earth_n therefore_o because_o that_o there_o be_v few_o particle_n of_o the_o three_o region_n under_o the_o frigid_a zone_n than_o in_o the_o temperate_a and_o in_o this_o few_o than_o in_o the_o torrid_a and_o yet_o the_o utmost_a bind_v of_o that_o three_o region_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n 16._o see_v proposition_n 16._o according_a to_o the_o sixteenth_o proposition_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o region_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v far_o more_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o in_o the_o torrid_a and_o temperate_a zone_n corollary_n the_o superficies_n terminate_a the_o second_o region_n of_o the_o air_n or_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o three_o be_v spherical_a and_o protuberate_v in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n all_o these_o must_v be_v show_v to_o youth_n by_o diagram_n proposition_n xxi_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n do_v not_o direct_o arrive_v at_o our_o eye_n from_o the_o aether_n through_o the_o air_n but_o where_o they_o enter_v the_o air_n they_o be_v withdraw_v or_o deflect_v a_o little_a from_o a_o direct_a passage_n which_o the_o skilful_a in_o the_o optic_n term_v to_o refract_v the_o ray_n and_o so_o those_o ray_n refract_v come_v to_o our_o eye_n and_o show_v we_o the_o star_n star_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n this_o part_n which_o treat_v of_o the_o refraction_n of_o light_n be_v the_o most_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o science_n of_o the_o optic_n for_o experience_n testify_v that_o ray_n proceed_v from_o any_o visible_a body_n if_o from_o one_o medium_n they_o fall_v in_o upon_o another_o that_o be_v
r_o l._n and_o let_v the_o sign_n m_o r_o l_o be_n also_o give_v and_o you_o shall_v find_v according_a to_o the_o former_a rule_n of_o the_o whole_a sinus_n m_o r_o t_o viz._n if_o that_o or_o if_o be_v equal_a to_o m_o and_z be_v n_z n_z that_o the_o sign_n shall_v be_v therefore_o we_o shall_v have_v the_o sign_n of_o four_o angle_n l_o f_o t_o n_z f_z t_n l_o r_o t_o m_o r_o t_o now_o we_o know_v these_o to_o be_v proportional_a therefore_o as_o the_o sign_n t_o f_o l_o shall_v be_v to_o the_o sign_n t_o f_o n_z so_o the_o sign_n t_o r_o l_o shall_v be_v to_o the_o sign_n t_o r_o m._n as_o a_o to_o so_o to_o and_o therefore_o as_o b_o to_z c_o so_o be_v have_v +_o db_fw-ge −_o d_o v_o bb_n −_o aa_n to_o g_o f_o +_o ma_fw-fr −_o v_o g_o g_o f_o f_o −_o nn_n aa_n and_o b_o g_o f_o +_o c_o d_o b_o −_o b_o m_o a_o +_o c_o h_o a_o +_o b_o u_fw-la g_o g_o f_o f_o −_o n_z n_z a_o a_o equal_a to_o +_o d_o v_o bb_n aa_o for_o take_v and_o for_o −_o b_o m_o a_o +_o c_o h_o a_o place_n q_o q_o a._n and_o equal_a 2_o v_o and_o the_o division_n be_v make_v by_o and_o other_o sign_n be_v substitute_v it_o shall_v be_v equal_a to_z and_o equal_a to_o so_o a_o division_n again_o be_v make_v by_o tt_z −_o ss_z and_o other_o sign_n be_v substitute_v it_o shall_v be_v equal_a for_o by_o this_o equation_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o problem_n be_v determine_v and_o this_o very_a letter_n a_o that_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n t_o f_o l_o may_v be_v find_v as_o well_o by_o geometry_n as_o by_o the_o arithmetical_a analysis_n of_o vieta_n or_o also_o more_o easy_o if_o that_o the_o equation_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o a_o lesser_a power_n by_o the_o division_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v collect_v that_o two_o refraction_n may_v suffice_v to_o find_v out_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n t_o f_o and_o the_o very_a rule_n of_o proportion_n which_o i_o therefore_o take_v notice_n of_o 65._o see_v kepler_n in_o his_o epitome_n of_o astronomy_n page_n 65._o because_o that_o i_o see_v kepler_n in_o the_o epitome_n of_o his_o astronomy_n page_n 65._o to_o require_v three_o refraction_n although_o that_o he_o have_v not_o attempt_v this_o way_n although_o therefore_o it_o have_v be_v show_v that_o the_o solution_n of_o this_o problem_n may_v be_v have_v both_o by_o geometry_n and_o arithmetic_n yet_o because_o that_o both_o be_v very_o laborious_a and_o difficult_a especial_o to_o those_o that_o be_v studious_a in_o geography_n wherefore_o most_o understand_v not_o this_o therefore_o for_o their_o sake_n i_o shall_v demonstrate_v another_o method_n by_o which_o the_o problem_n may_v be_v more_o easy_o absolve_v although_o it_o be_v less_o mathematical_a viz._n by_o the_o rule_n of_o position_n therefore_o let_v t_n f_z be_v take_v in_o a_o certain_a measure_n at_o t_o l._n scheme_n see_v scheme_n therefore_o in_o the_o triangle_n f_o l_o t_o from_o f_o t_o t_o l_o t_o l_o f_o the_o angle_n t_o f_o l_o shall_v be_v find_v so_o in_o the_o triangle_n t_o l_o r_o from_o t_o r_o t_o l_o t_o l_o r_o the_o angle_n t_o r_o l_o shall_v be_v find_v then_o let_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n t_o f_o l_o t_o f_o n_z t_o r_o l_o t_o r_o m_o be_v take_v also_o let_v a_o four_o part_n proportional_a be_v take_v at_o the_o sign_n t_o f_o l_o t_o f_o n_z t_o r_o l._n if_o that_o therefore_o the_o sign_n t_o r_o m_o be_v equal_a to_o this_o four_o proportional_a part_n than_o the_o assume_v magnitude_n or_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n t_o f_o shall_v be_v true_a and_o legitimate_a but_o if_o the_o sign_n t_o r_o m_o be_v great_a than_o that_o four_o proportional_a the_o lesser_a sign_n t_o f_o shall_v be_v take_v but_o if_o that_o the_o minor_a be_v great_a than_o the_o major_n must_v be_v take_v and_o this_o must_v be_v do_v so_o long_o until_o the_o sign_n t_o r_o m_o be_v find_v equal_a unto_o the_o four_o find_v out_o proportional_a part_n example_n let_v the_o spica_fw-la virgin_n or_o any_o other_o star_n or_o the_o sun_n be_v place_v to_o be_v behold_v in_o the_o horizon_n l_o f_o when_o that_o it_o be_v yet_o depress_v 40._o 32_o minute_n viz._n in_o s._n therefore_o the_o refraction_n n_o f_o l_o be_v 32._o then_o when_o that_o the_o same_o star_n or_o the_o sun_n have_v the_o altitude_n g_o x_o 1_o degree_n 22_o min._n or_o the_o true_a altitude_n g_o s_o 1_o deg_fw-la than_o the_o refraction_n l_o m_o r_o be_v find_v 22_o minute_n the_o semidiameter_n t_o l_o be_v 860_o german_a mile_n let_v we_o put_v it_o to_o be_v 1000_o and_o the_o altitude_n o_o f_z let_v we_o suppose_v to_o be_v of_o such_o part_n s_o viz._n 5_o 10000_o or_o 1_o 3000_o of_o the_o whole_a semidiameter_n t_o l_o that_o be_v 〈◊〉_d of_o about_o one_o mile_n therefore_o the_o whole_a assume_v sign_n in_o the_o triangle_n t_o l_o f_o 10000000._o as_o f_o t_n be_v to_o t_o l_o so_o be_v the_o sign_n t_o f_o l_o 2001-2000-10000000-9995992_a sign_n 88_o deg_fw-la 22_o min._n 40_o second_n therefore_o t_n f_z n_z be_v 88_o deg_fw-la 54_o min._n 40_o second_n who_o sign_n 9998200._o again_o in_o the_o triangle_n t_o r_o l._n as_o t_o r_o be_v to_o t_o l_o so_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n t_o l_o r_o to_o the_o sign_n t_o r_o l._n 2001-2000-9997155-999-2159_a sign_n 87_o deg_fw-la 43_o min._n 40_o second_n thorefore_o t_n r_o m_o be_v 88_o deg_fw-la 5._o min._n 40._o second_n who_o sign_n 9994500._o let_v the_o four_o proportional_a part_n now_o therefore_o be_v find_v at_o the_o sign_n t_o f_o l_o t_o f_o n_z t_o r_o l_o viz._n as_o to_o so_o be_v to_o 9994366._o with_o this_o four_o number_n let_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n t_o r_o m_o which_o be_v 9994500_o be_v compare_v therefore_o we_o find_v that_o this_o sign_n be_v almost_o equal_a to_o that_o four_o part_n and_o therefore_o the_o assume_v altitude_n of_o the_o air_n â—_o 8_o of_o one_o mile_n do_v not_o much_o differ_v from_o the_o true_a altitude_n but_o if_o that_o you_o desire_v to_o have_v it_o more_o accurate_o you_o may_v take_v another_o altitude_n and_o work_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n until_o the_o sign_n t_o r_o m_o be_v more_o equal_a to_o this_o four_o proportional_a part_n or_o else_o apply_v the_o rule_n of_o falsehood_n or_o from_o the_o defect_n of_o two_o position_n to_o collect_v the_o true_a altitude_n as_o far_o as_o you_o may_v for_o you_o can_v well_o find_v it_o altogether_o accurate_a because_o that_o sign_n in_o little_a number_n do_v very_o much_o vary_v although_o at_o least_o there_o be_v only_o the_o escape_n of_o half_a a_o minute_n moreover_o the_o canon_n of_o sign_n ought_v to_o be_v most_o accurate_a we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n be_v the_o 2000th_o part_n of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o semidiameter_n be_v 1633190_o perch_n therefore_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n be_v 816_o perch_n wherefore_o one_o perch_n contain_v 12_o rhindlandish_a mile_n but_o half_a a_o german_a mile_n be_v more_o true_o take_v because_o that_o the_o refraction_n l_o f_o n_z by_o tycho_n be_v great_a than_o that_o we_o take_v and_o 36_o yea_o 38_o may_v be_v take_v which_o be_v lay_v down_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n can_v be_v less_o than_o one_o mile_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n be_v know_v a_o account_n must_v also_o be_v give_v of_o the_o density_n of_o the_o air_n to_o the_o thickness_n or_o subtlety_n of_o the_o aether_n or_o a_o rule_n of_o the_o refraction_n in_o this_o air_n viz._n which_o make_v such_o refraction_n at_o such_o situation_n of_o the_o star_n viz._n the_o account_n of_o the_o sign_n t_o f_o l_o found_v before_o at_o the_o sign_n t_o f_o n_z be_v the_o account_n or_o reason_n demand_v as_o 9995992_o to_o 9998200._o and_o the_o reason_n why_o these_o refraction_n be_v so_o small_a be_v because_o that_o we_o have_v take_v the_o most_o serene_a air_n which_o differ_v not_o so_o much_o from_o the_o aether_n in_o rarity_n as_o some_o imagine_v to_o themselves_o moreover_o whether_o that_o the_o find_v out_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n be_v the_o same_o every_o where_o and_o at_o every_o time_n if_o from_o the_o two_o refraction_n observe_v at_o the_o two_o altitude_n of_o the_o star_n in_o another_o air_n and_o in_o another_o time_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n be_v calculate_v after_o the_o same_o mode_n as_o we_o have_v now_o do_v and_o that_o those_o that_o be_v studious_a in_o nature_n may_v have_v whereon_o they_o may_v exercise_v their_o
sign_n which_o shall_v be_v that_o of_o the_o angle_n m_o r_o t_o from_o which_o if_o that_o you_o take_v away_o t_o r_o f_o the_o refraction_n m_o r_o l_o demand_v be_v leave_v the_o ancient_a optic_n use_v another_o far_o more_o intricate_a but_o yet_o a_o more_o false_a method_n proposition_n xxxiv_o the_o altitude_n and_o rule_n of_o refraction_n of_o the_o air_n be_v give_v to_o find_v the_o refraction_n at_o the_o give_v apparent_a altitude_n of_o the_o star_n and_o thence_o the_o true_a altitude_n refraction_n of_o refraction_n this_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a because_o in_o the_o former_a from_o the_o give_v refraction_n at_o the_o give_v altitude_n that_o rule_n of_o refraction_n be_v to_o be_v find_v example_n for_o exercise_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o table_n lay_v down_o before_o of_o the_o reflection_n of_o light_n in_o the_o air._n proposition_n xxxv_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n have_v enter_v the_o air_n or_o atmosphere_n be_v not_o only_o refract_v but_o be_v also_o reflect_v or_o repercuss_v from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n as_o from_o a_o rough_a looking-glass_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o inordinate_a situation_n of_o the_o particle_n sun_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o except_v the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v reflect_v from_o the_o particle_n to_o our_o eye_n no_o part_n of_o the_o air_n will_v appear_v lucid_a unto_o we_o except_o that_o above_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v and_o so_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o oriental_a part_n neither_o the_o meridian_n or_o occidental_a air_n will_v be_v lucid_a therefore_o some_o ray_n be_v refract_v pass_v through_o by_o the_o atmosphere_n some_o be_v refract_v here_o and_o there_o with_o many_o reflection_n from_o one_o particle_n unto_o another_o and_o so_o they_o make_v the_o air_n luminous_a or_o light_a proposition_n xxxvi_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o twilight_n that_o be_v of_o the_o light_n before_o the_o rise_n and_o after_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n air._n chief_a cause_n of_o twilight_n be_v the_o reflection_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air._n it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n for_o as_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o east_n his_o ray_n be_v ejaculate_v to_o the_o west_n do_v reflect_v to_o our_o eye_n and_o so_o make_v the_o occidental_a part_n conspicuous_a so_o the_o sun_n be_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n his_o ray_n send_v forth_o into_o our_o air_n be_v reflect_v to_o our_o eye_n and_o to_o the_o occident_n and_o from_o the_o occident_n to_o our_o eye_n proposition_n xxxvii_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o morning_n twilight_n that_o be_v the_o oriental_a air_n be_v illuminate_v and_o be_v so_o behold_v the_o sun_n be_v depress_v about_o 18_o degree_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o end_n of_o the_o evening_n twilight_n that_o be_v no_o more_o illumination_n appear_v in_o the_o occidental_a air_n be_v when_o the_o sun_n be_v depress_v 18_o degree_n beneath_o the_o occidental_a horizon_n twilight_n of_o the_o morning_n twilight_n this_o proposition_n depend_v on_o experience_n and_o observation_n for_o if_o in_o the_o morning_n season_n that_o be_v after_o the_o first_o and_o second_o hour_n after_o midnight_n we_o diligent_o observe_v our_o eye_n be_v turn_v towards_o the_o east_n when_o that_o any_o bright_a colour_n show_v itself_o in_o the_o oriental_a air_n about_o the_o horizon_n and_o that_o we_o know_v at_o that_o time_n the_o hour_n and_o minute_n of_o the_o hour_n we_o may_v thence_o know_v the_o depression_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n now_o we_o understand_v a_o serene_a air_n of_o which_o see_v that_o there_o be_v or_o may_v be_v a_o great_a difference_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o some_o do_v extend_v the_o twilight_n to_o the_o twenty_o degree_n of_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n other_o unto_o the_o sixteenth_o for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o air_n be_v more_o thick_a by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o will_v the_o light_n of_o the_o twilight_n be_v discover_v contrary_a unto_o what_o we_o say_v may_v happen_v in_o refraction_n proposition_n xxxviii_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n or_o matter_n may_v be_v find_v from_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o twilight_n which_o by_o reflection_n creat_v the_o light_n of_o the_o twilight_n as_o hitherto_o they_o have_v think_v neither_o do_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o twilight_n arise_v from_o a_o simple_a but_o at_o least_o from_o a_o double_a reflection_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n let_v t_o l_o h_o be_v the_o earth_n g_o f_o o_o m_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o air_n l_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o the_o twilight_n appear_v or_o the_o light_n in_o the_o horizontal_n air_n f_o the_o incident_a solary_a ray_n f_o g_o s._n therefore_o mathematician_n that_o have_v hitherto_o write_v concern_v twilight_n say_v that_o the_o ray_n incident_a on_o f_z which_o make_v the_o reflection_n f_o l_o to_z come_v from_o the_o very_a sun_n s_n and_o because_o that_o no_o ray_n can_v come_v from_o the_o sun_n to_o f_o so_o long_o as_o the_o sun_n be_v beneath_o the_o tangent_fw-la f_o h_o s_o for_o example_n in_o s_n than_o its_o ray_n may_v come_v to_o f_o first_fw-mi or_o because_o that_o they_o will_v have_v reflection_n to_o be_v make_v from_o f_o as_o from_o a_o hollow_a looking-glass_n therefore_o t_n f_z h_z oughts_z to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o angle_n t_o f_o l_o wherefore_o because_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v find_v depress_v 18_o degree_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n therefore_o the_o angle_n n_z f_z s_z shall_v be_v find_v 18_o degree_n and_o l_o f_o h_o 162_o and_o t_o f_o h_o or_o t_o f_o l_o 81_o degree_n and_o l_o t_o f_o 9_o deg_fw-la whence_o t_n f_z be_v find_v about_o 874_o german_a mile_n and_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n 11_o mile_n as_o clavius_n and_o nonius_n make_v it_o alhacen_n and_o vitellio_n make_v it_o 13_o mile_n this_o so_o great_a a_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n must_v in_o no_o sort_n be_v grant_v when_o that_o other_o phaenomenon_n do_v repugn_v now_o that_o it_o be_v find_v so_o great_a according_a to_o that_o method_n that_o happen_v from_o a_o false_a hypothesis_n that_o they_o assume_v viz._n the_o ray_n g_o h_o f_o which_o make_v the_o reflect_v f_o l_o to_o come_z from_o the_o very_a sun_n for_o this_o be_v false_a because_o that_o it_o come_v by_o reflection_n from_o another_o ray_n for_o example_n g_o l._n now_o that_o to_o make_v the_o small_a light_n in_o f_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o the_o ray_n f_o g_o shall_v come_v from_o the_o uâ—ry_a sun_n but_o another_o reflect_a ray_n may_v do_v the_o same_o be_v prove_v from_o thence_o that_o in_o the_o occidental_a air_n we_o behold_v the_o light_n before_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n when_o yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o no_o direct_a ray_n then_o come_v from_o the_o sun_n s_o to_o the_o occidental_a air_n m_o but_o from_o another_o point_n of_o the_o air_n for_o example_n from_o f_z and_z o_o and_o so_o the_o reflect_a ray_n l_o m_o proceed_v from_o the_o incident_a ray_n f_o m_o which_o very_o f_z m_z be_v reflect_v from_o the_o incident_a g_o f_o and_o this_o g_o f_o from_o another_o g_o l_o which_o perchance_o also_o come_v from_o another_o second_o that_o also_o be_v worthy_a of_o note_n that_o they_o have_v determine_v that_o reflection_n be_v cause_v from_o the_o air_n as_o from_o a_o hollow_a looking-glass_n the_o centre_n of_o who_o cavity_n be_v t_o viz._n the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n for_o this_o also_o be_v false_a for_o the_o ray_n be_v reflect_v from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n no_o regard_n be_v have_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o according_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o those_o particle_n this_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o ray_n l_o m_o which_o slide_v from_o the_o occidental_a air_n m_o to_z t_o for_o if_o that_o it_o come_v from_o m_n as_o from_o the_o hollow-glass_n of_o the_o centre_n t_o its_o incident_a aught_o to_o come_v from_o the_o quarter_n x_o but_o now_o it_o come_v from_o o_o or_o between_z f_z and_z o_o therefore_o the_o ray_n l_o m_o be_v so_o reflect_v from_o the_o particle_n m_o as_o the_o figure_n of_o it_o require_v and_o there_o be_v in_o the_o air_n particle_n of_o a_o most_o different_a figure_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o that_o divers_a reflection_n be_v here_o and_o there_o cause_v into_o all_o quarter_n proposition_n thirty-nine_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o light_n of_o the_o twilight_n be_v not_o generate_v by_o a_o
simple_a but_o by_o a_o double_a reflection_n to_o find_v thence_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n which_o may_v more_o agree_v with_o other_o observation_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n in_o the_o former_a proposition_n it_o be_v say_v that_o that_o ray_n g_o h_o f_o which_o make_v the_o first_o reflection_n f_o l_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o twilight_n come_v not_o from_o the_o sun_n itself_o but_o that_o it_o be_v also_o reflect_v in_o g_o let_v therefore_o his_o incident_a be_v g_o l_o which_o may_v touch_v the_o earth_n in_o p_o for_o so_o l_o g_o be_v the_o first_o ray_n that_o can_v come_v to_o g_o and_o this_o we_o place_n to_o come_v now_o immediate_o from_o the_o sun_n itself_o yet_o by_o reason_n of_o refraction_n it_o may_v a_o little_a deviate_v viz._n let_v q_o l_o be_v the_o very_a ray_n itself_o of_o the_o sun_n l_o p_o g_o the_o refract_v g_o h_o x_o the_o reflex_n f_o l_o the_o second_a reflex_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n t_o x_o be_v to_o be_v find_v out_o because_o that_o therefore_o the_o ray_n g_o l_o obligatory_n be_v the_o refract_v of_o the_o incident_a q_o l_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o refraction_n to_o be_v make_v 30_o minute_n viz._n the_o angle_n q_o l_o x_o moreover_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o be_v 17_o degree_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n when_o that_o the_o twilight_n begin_v therefore_o the_o limbus_n of_o the_o sun_n qui_fw-fr which_o shall_v be_v distant_a beneath_o the_o horizon_n 16_o deg_fw-la 45_o min._n and_o 30_o min._n be_v take_v away_o by_o reason_n of_o refraction_n the_o angle_n n_o k_o x_o 16_o deg_fw-la 15_o min._n shall_v be_v the_o refracted_a depression_n of_o the_o limbus_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n and_o moreover_o because_o that_o k_o l_o k_o p_o be_v equal_a and_o also_o f_o l_o g_o p_o therefore_o kg_v kf_o be_v also_o equal_a and_o the_o angle_n k_o f_o g_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o angle_n k_o g_o f._n now_o both_o of_o they_o take_v together_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o angle_n n_o k_o g_o 16_o degree_n 15_o minute_n wherefore_o k_o f_o g_o be_v 8_o degree_n 7_o minute_n and_o f_o t_o l_o be_v 4_o degree_n and_o t_o f_o l_o 86_o minute_n whence_o be_v find_v that_o t_o f_o 86_o ½_n mile_n and_o therefore_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n be_v find_v 1_o ½_n mile_n which_o be_v far_o lesser_a than_o the_o mathematician_n former_o deduce_v from_o the_o twilight_n and_o it_o will_v yet_o be_v find_v far_o lesser_a if_o that_o a_o threefold_a reflection_n be_v place_v to_o make_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o twilight_n which_o be_v not_o impossible_a and_o this_o twofold_a or_o threefold_a reflection_n be_v more_o right_o admit_v of_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o duration_n of_o the_o twilight_n than_o that_o which_o kepler_n allege_v concern_v the_o splendid_a matter_n in_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sun_n see_v the_o other_o thing_n concern_v the_o time_n of_o the_o twilight_n and_o variation_n of_o longitude_n in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o book_n proposition_n xl._n to_o find_v out_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o cloud_n by_o a_o geodetical_a dimension_n cloud_n by_o a_o geodetical_a dimension_n to_o find_v out_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o cloud_n the_o air_n be_v serene_a and_o quiet_a let_v any_o point_n or_o little_a cloud_n more_o observable_a than_o the_o rest_n be_v take_v and_o measure_v the_o altitude_n of_o this_o as_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a tower_n from_o two_o station_n so_o that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n one_o observer_n may_v be_v in_o one_o station_n and_o the_o other_o in_o another_o so_o you_o shall_v find_v the_o altitude_n of_o this_o cloud_n which_o be_v never_o find_v to_o exceed_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n proposition_n xli_o to_o suppute_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o air_n its_o altitude_n be_v give_v this_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o suppute_v the_o space_n between_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o outward_a superficies_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v easy_a if_o so_o be_v that_o we_o know_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n for_o let_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o sphere_n be_v suppute_v who_o semidiameter_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n and_o from_o the_o find_v out_o solidity_n let_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v take_v away_o that_o which_o be_v leave_v be_v the_o solidity_n or_o quantity_n of_o the_o air._n proposition_n xlii_o the_o air_n in_o some_o place_n have_v some_o thing_n peculiar_a nerain_v of_o ra_n in_o egypt_n it_o seldom_o or_o nerain_v so_o in_o egypt_n it_o very_o seldom_o rain_v or_o rather_o not_o at_o all_o and_o if_o at_o any_o time_n a_o light_a rain_n fall_v catarrh_n distemper_n of_o the_o lung_n fever_n and_o other_o disease_n do_v follow_v the_o inundation_n of_o nilus_n and_o almost_o a_o quotidian_a erost_n in_o the_o morning_n do_v supply_v the_o stead_n of_o ra_n so_o in_o peru_n rains_n be_v never_o see_v peru._n also_o in_o peru._n in_o many_o place_n under_o the_o aequator_fw-la it_o rain_v for_o a_o whole_a half_a year_n and_o in_o the_o other_o half_n it_o be_v fair_a see_v in_o the_o second_o part_n chapter_n the_o 26_o the_o island_n puton_n timor_fw-la be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n cover_v with_o cloud_n and_o frost_n sumatra_n the_o air_n of_o sumatra_n in_o the_o island_n of_o sumatra_n the_o air_n be_v very_o heavy_a and_o cloudy_a by_o reason_n of_o many_o stand_a pool_n the_o like_a be_v in_o many_o other_o place_n so_o in_o old_a mexico_n also_o in_o malacea_n and_o the_o like_a the_o isle_n of_o st._n thomas_n lie_v under_o the_o aequator_fw-la thomas_n st._n thomas_n be_v repute_v to_o have_v the_o most_o unwholesome_a air_n of_o all_o region_n although_o that_o it_o abound_v in_o all_o fruit_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chili_n the_o air_n be_v so_o subtle_a chili_n chili_n that_o a_o sword_n sheathe_v in_o its_o scabbard_n without_o any_o wipe_v yet_o receive_v no_o rust_n azore_n isle_n of_o the_o azore_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o azore_v the_o air_n and_o wind_n be_v so_o sharp_a that_o it_o eat_v plate_n of_o iron_n and_o the_o wall_n cover_v with_o the_o same_o in_o a_o short_a space_n and_o reduce_v they_o to_o dust_n aristotle_n relate_v that_o on_o mount_n olympus_n there_o be_v no_o motion_n of_o air_n yea_o no_o air_n at_o all_o if_o that_o that_o be_v true_a which_o follow_v and_o that_o character_n write_v in_o the_o dust_n be_v find_v there_o after_o many_o year_n without_o any_o disturbance_n and_o that_o those_o that_o ascend_v that_o mountain_n can_v continue_v their_o life_n except_o that_o they_o carry_v moisten_v sponge_n with_o they_o by_o the_o help_n of_o which_o they_o breath_n in_o america_n when_o that_o the_o spaniard_n pass_v through_o from_o nicaragua_n into_o peru_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n interpose_v many_o sudden_o die_v or_o be_v freeze_v to_o death_n with_o their_o horse_n like_v unto_o statue_n even_o unto_o the_o return_n of_o those_o that_o escape_v some_o think_v that_o a_o defect_n of_o air_n be_v the_o cause_n but_o that_o be_v not_o probable_a neither_o do_v i_o receive_v that_o for_o truth_n which_o aristotle_n write_v concern_v mount_n olympus_n because_o the_o contrary_n be_v find_v in_o high_a mountain_n who_o top_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n whence_o we_o former_o conclude_v that_o they_o be_v not_o above_o the_o air_n but_o that_o the_o air_n flow_v over_o they_o busbequius_fw-la a_o eye-witness_n declare_v hangaria_n see_v the_o chapter_n of_o mountain_n the_o author_n relation_n of_o the_o mountain_n carpathus_n in_o hangaria_n that_o mount_n olympus_n in_o the_o summer_n be_v also_o cover_v with_o snow_n about_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o indian_a ocean_n the_o air_n be_v fragrant_a with_o the_o scent_n of_o the_o odour_n especial_o at_o that_o time_n when_o that_o aromatics_n be_v mature_a mariner_n discover_v this_o scent_n when_o that_o as_o yet_o they_o be_v three_o or_o four_o mile_n distant_a from_o these_o isle_n viz._n when_o that_o a_o wind_n contrary_a to_o their_o course_n blow_v the_o air_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o heavy_a than_o that_o of_o the_o land_n and_o less_o acceptable_a unto_o those_o that_o be_v not_o accustom_v unto_o it_o the_o difference_n be_v manifest_o discern_v when_o that_o mariner_n approach_v near_o the_o shore_n for_o by_o the_o distance_n of_o a_o whole_a mile_n they_o will_v discover_v how_o nigh_o the_o land_n they_o be_v by_o the_o very_a air._n mariner_n relate_v this_o especial_o concern_v soffala_n which_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o oriental_a coast_n of_o africa_n when_o that_o i_o have_v print_v these_o i_o happen_v by_o chance_n on_o a_o certain_a observation_n make_v by_o david_n froelichius_fw-la
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have_v say_v if_o that_o now_o we_o consider_v the_o great_a circle_n draw_v from_o that_o place_n and_o among_o these_o those_o in_o which_o the_o air_n be_v thrust_v forward_o all_o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n seat_v in_o this_o circle_n or_o semicircle_n shall_v find_v the_o wind_n fall_v down_o perpendicular_o by_o reason_n that_o every_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n pass_v through_o any_o place_n of_o it_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizon_n of_o that_o place_n the_o same_o be_v the_o reason_n if_o that_o at_o any_o time_n the_o wind_n break_v forth_o from_o a_o thick_a fog_n or_o dissolve_v cloud_n but_o those_o place_n that_o be_v situate_v without_o these_o circle_n feel_v not_o the_o wind_n although_o that_o the_o air_n be_v move_v above_o their_o horizon_n because_o that_o it_o be_v not_o perpendicular_a to_o that_o
horizon_n but_o oblique_a yet_o it_o be_v not_o general_a that_o the_o wind_n proceed_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a way_n to_o the_o horizon_n because_o that_o oftentimes_o in_o the_o air_n transverse_a blast_n be_v find_v so_o we_o see_v that_o smoak_n come_v forth_o of_o a_o chimney_n be_v not_o carry_v by_o the_o wind_n towards_o one_o quarter_n but_o part_n of_o it_o be_v carry_v unto_o other_o quarter_n proposition_n xii_o why_o the_o wind_n blow_v by_o a_o interrupt_a force_n so_o that_o sometime_o they_o cease_v and_o other_o some_o as_o it_o be_v with_o redouble_a strength_n they_o return_v with_o the_o great_a importunity_n and_o why_o that_o they_o seem_v more_o continual_o to_o blow_v on_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o it_o be_v discover_v less_o calm_a force_n the_o wind_n 〈◊〉_d blow_n by_o a_o interrupt_a force_n i_o suppose_v the_o reason_n to_o be_v that_o the_o cause_n that_o move_v or_o stir_v up_o the_o wind_n continue_v not_o always_o but_o that_o some_o space_n be_v require_v unto_o the_o collection_n of_o such_o a_o quantity_n which_o by_o such_o a_o vehemency_n may_v break_v through_o the_o air_n and_o therefore_o because_o that_o exhalation_n be_v more_o continual_a in_o the_o air_n and_o the_o motion_n be_v less_o impede_v there_o the_o calm_a in_o the_o ocean_n be_v less_o discover_v although_o that_o it_o be_v not_o whole_o remove_v proposition_n xiii_o why_o no_o wind_n blow_v perpendicular_o from_o the_o air_n unto_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n concern_v this_o question_n meteor_n see_v aristotle_n lib._n 2._o chap._n 9_o of_o meteor_n aristotle_n in_o his_o second_o book_n chap._n 9_o of_o meteor_n treat_v very_o absurd_o so_o that_o the_o peripatetic_n be_v not_o agree_v concern_v his_o opinion_n neither_o shall_v i_o in_o this_o place_n relate_v their_o sentiment_n the_o cause_n seem_v easy_o to_o be_v explain_v viz._n that_o the_o air_n be_v thrust_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v break_v through_o this_o way_n by_o reason_n that_o other_o vapour_n be_v expel_v or_o bear_v upward_o and_o therefore_o the_o overmuch_a resistance_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v direct_o situate_v under_o the_o air_n move_v cause_v the_o protrusion_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o place_n in_o which_o the_o violence_n begin_v which_o be_v therefore_o the_o more_o probable_a see_v that_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n more_o light_a than_o that_o air_n and_o that_o be_v more_o rarify_v than_o that_o which_o be_v more_o near_o unto_o the_o earth_n proposition_n fourteen_o why_o westerly-wind_n be_v less_o frequent_a than_o easterly-wind_n 10._o see_v proposition_n 10._o the_o cause_n of_o this_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o ten_o proposition_n where_o we_o have_v make_v the_o sun_n to_o be_v the_o first_o cause_n of_o wind_n who_o so_o rarifi_v the_o air_n proceed_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n and_o therefore_o the_o air_n be_v more_o thrust_v towards_o the_o west_n therefore_o that_o this_o general_a cause_n may_v be_v impede_v of_o necessity_n very_o many_o exhalation_n must_v consist_v in_o the_o western_a quarter_n which_o do_v happen_v less_o frequent_o proposition_n xv._o why_o the_o northern_a and_o eastern-wind_n be_v more_o impetuous_a and_o stormy_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o southern_a and_o western_a more_o relax_v and_o weak_a western_a the_o northern_a and_o eastern_a wind_n more_o stormy_a than_o the_o southern_a and_o western_a the_o cause_n be_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o northern_a air_n be_v more_o thick_a by_o reason_n of_o cold_a and_o the_o southern_a in_o our_o zone_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a dissipation_n cause_v by_o the_o sun_n and_o heat_n be_v more_o rarify_v now_o by_o how_o much_o the_o air_n be_v more_o rarify_v by_o so_o much_o the_o lesser_a be_v it_o carry_v with_o a_o impetuous_a force_n yet_o you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o south-wind_n be_v cold_a dry_a and_o violent_a in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n or_o the_o arctic_a zone_n oppose_v to_o we_o no_o less_o than_o the_o northern-wind_n be_v unto_o we_o but_o the_o eastern-wind_n be_v more_o rigid_a or_o more_o intense_a for_o another_o cause_n viz._n because_o that_o it_o arise_v for_o the_o most_o part_n from_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o air_n make_v by_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v continual_o carry_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n the_o air_n also_o be_v thrust_v forward_o with_o the_o great_a violence_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n but_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o other_o cause_n may_v accede_v that_o may_v either_o help_v or_o obstruct_v that_o violence_n proposition_n xvi_o why_o the_o southern_o and_o westernly-wind_n be_v find_v more_o hot_a than_o the_o eastern_o and_o northern_o which_o have_v a_o wonderful_a power_n of_o cause_v cold_a in_o respect_n of_o they_o western_o the_o southern_a and_o western_a wind_n be_v find_v more_o hot_a than_o the_o eastern_o and_o western_o so_o this_o question_n be_v wont_v vulgar_o to_o be_v propound_v yet_o we_o must_v know_v that_o in_o must_v not_o general_o be_v understand_v of_o all_o place_n but_o only_o concern_v the_o place_n of_o our_o zone_n for_o in_o the_o other_o temperate_a zone_n situate_v towards_o the_o south_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o contrary_a hold_v true_a because_o that_o in_o these_o place_n the_o northern-wind_n be_v hot_a or_o warm_a and_o the_o southren_n be_v find_v more_o cold_a and_o so_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o cause_n require_v for_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o southwind_n be_v discover_v more_o warm_a to_o we_o and_o the_o north_n more_o cold_a proceed_v hence_o viz._n that_o the_o south-wind_n come_v from_o a_o quarter_n and_o place_n more_o near_o unto_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o way_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o the_o northern_a place_n more_o remote_a from_o that_o way_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o be_v from_o more_o cold_a place_n but_o the_o contrary_n be_v find_v in_o place_n situate_v towards_o the_o antarctic_a pole_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la because_o that_o the_o northern-wind_n approach_v to_o they_o from_o the_o way_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o southern_a from_o the_o place_n more_o near_o the_o pole_n but_o as_o concern_v the_o eastern_a and_o western-wind_n i_o must_v answer_v otherwise_o neither_o do_v that_o diversity_n of_o the_o place_n of_o our_o zone_n and_o that_o of_o the_o opposite_a here_o take_v place_n therefore_o first_o it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n that_o the_o western-wind_n be_v less_o frequent_a in_o all_o place_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o which_o the_o occidental_a wind_n be_v discover_v more_o warm_a viz._n because_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o blow_v in_o the_o night_n and_o after_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n where_o the_o air_n that_o be_v thrust_v forward_o towards_o our_o place_n be_v more_o calid_a or_o less_o frigid_a than_o the_o air_n of_o our_o place_n which_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o west_n than_o that_o which_o lie_v between_o the_o sun_n and_o our_o place_n there_o be_v also_o another_o cause_n which_o also_o be_v of_o force_n in_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o northern_a and_o southern-wind_n viz._n that_o the_o western-wind_n blow_v with_o less_o violence_n and_o not_o so_o intense_a but_o with_o some_o relaxation_n now_o it_o be_v know_v that_o any_o air_n or_o wind_n be_v discover_v so_o much_o the_o more_o cold_a by_o how_o much_o it_o blow_v with_o the_o great_a or_o more_o intense_a force_n although_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v no_o hot_a or_o cold_a which_o be_v evident_a by_o our_o expiration_n which_o we_o can_v exhale_v either_o cold_a or_o hot_a proposition_n xvii_o why_o mariner_n from_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o cloud_n especial_o such_o a_o one_o that_o be_v of_o a_o pale_a or_o duskish_a colour_n predict_v a_o wind_n from_o that_o quarter_n also_o to_o declare_v the_o other_o sign_n of_o future_a wind_n quarter_n mariner_n from_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o cloud_n predict_v a_o wind_n from_o that_o quarter_n a_o twofold_a reason_n may_v be_v render_v for_o either_o cloud_n of_o that_o colour_n do_v show_v that_o by_o and_o by_o they_o shall_v be_v dissipate_v and_o dissolve_v into_o blast_n or_o else_o the_o cloud_n sink_v by_o their_o own_o weight_n and_o segregated_a from_o other_o cloud_n press_v down_o the_o air_n beneath_o they_o and_o so_o cause_v it_o to_o blow_v concern_v the_o peculiar_a cloud_n term_v by_o the_o dutch_a the_o bulls-eye_n see_v the_o follow_a chapter_n 1._o the_o sun_n appear_v spot_v in_o his_o rise_n and_o lie_v obscure_v under_o a_o pale_a or_o black_a cloud_n foretell_v either_o shower_n or_o wind_n 2._o if_o that_o the_o sun_n at_o his_o rise_n appear_v concave_a so_o that_o it_o shine_v
all_o place_n almost_o in_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o 10_o deg_fw-la even_o unto_o the_o 30_o deg_fw-la north._n after_o the_o same_o manner_n beyond_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n in_o the_o sea_n between_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a and_o brazile_n the_o southeast_n wind_n blow_v even_o unto_o the_o 30_o deg_fw-la of_o latitude_n that_o be_v 7_o degree_n beyond_o the_o torrid_a zone_n towards_o the_o south_n and_o that_o through_o the_o whole_a year_n and_o although_o as_o we_o have_v say_v that_o this_o general_a wind_n be_v not_o discover_v on_o all_o coast_n much_o less_o in_o mediterranean_a place_n yet_o in_o some_o it_o be_v sufficient_o observable_a so_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o brazile_n easterly_n unto_o the_o coast_n of_o loango_n the_o southeast_n be_v a_o quotidian_n wind_n although_o that_o other_o wind_n do_v admin_n themselves_o there_o be_v a_o threefold_a cause_n of_o this_o continual_a general_a wind_n allege_v by_o modern_a philosopher_n for_o both_o it_o and_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_n who_o have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o mention_v it_o some_o determine_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n by_o reason_n that_o by_o its_o great_a faculty_n it_o rarify_v the_o air_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o so_o it_o thrust_v it_o forward_o from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n see_v that_o the_o sun_n itself_o go_v this_o way_n some_o and_o those_o of_o the_o opinion_n of_o pythagoras_n that_o determine_v the_o heaven_n to_o stand_v still_o and_o the_o earth_n to_o move_v round_o some_o of_o they_o i_o say_v suppose_v this_o general_a wind_n to_o proceed_v from_o hence_o viz._n that_o whilst_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v round_o and_o the_o air_n with_o it_o this_o less_o follow_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o be_v somewhat_o more_o slow_a to_o motion_n and_o therefore_o whilst_o that_o we_o be_v carry_v with_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n the_o air_n move_v with_o less_o celerity_n to_o the_o same_o quarter_n seem_v to_o meet_v we_o and_o to_o be_v move_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n when_o that_o yet_o we_o do_v rather_o meet_v it_o principel_v see_v des_n cartes_n in_o his_o 222_o proposition_n of_o he_o principel_v des_fw-mi cartes_n allege_v the_o three_o cause_n and_o that_o altogether_o new_a in_o the_o 222_o proposition_n in_o his_o principle_n where_o he_o endeavour_v to_o show_v that_o the_o moon_n cause_v this_o motion_n as_o well_o as_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n but_o because_o that_o his_o opinion_n can_v be_v understand_v except_o that_o all_o his_o philosophical_a hypothesis_n shall_v be_v explain_v therefore_o we_o shall_v say_v nothing_o concern_v it_o here_o especial_o see_v that_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o another_o place_n that_o that_o cause_n be_v not_o true_a i_o approve_v of_o the_o first_o cause_n the_o second_o seem_v therefore_o not_o to_o be_v receive_v because_o that_o many_o copernican_n approve_v not_o of_o it_o and_o no_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v why_o this_o wind_n shall_v be_v find_v to_o blow_v only_o between_o the_o tropic_n or_o to_o the_o 30_o deg_fw-la of_o latitude_n and_o not_o in_o the_o whole_a temperate_a zone_n proposition_n iii_o some_o wind_n be_v periodical_a and_o fix_v other_o wander_v and_o erratic_a wander_v some_o wind_n fix_v other_o wander_v those_o be_v term_v fix_v and_o periodical_a which_o blow_n on_o certain_a day_n and_o then_o cease_v for_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o day_n until_o that_o they_o begin_v to_o blow_v again_o some_o return_n in_o the_o space_n of_o half_a a_o year_n othersome_a be_v monthly_o which_o return_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o one_o or_o two_o month_n also_o the_o fix_a wind_n be_v otherwise_o subdivide_v viz._n some_o when_o that_o they_o begin_v to_o blow_v continue_v for_o some_o month_n other_o for_o half_a a_o year_n other_o for_o a_o month_n other_o for_o a_o few_o day_n among_o these_o those_o be_v chief_o observe_v by_o mariner_n which_o blow_n for_o some_o month_n in_o certain_a place_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o they_o call_v these_o wind_n as_o also_o the_o time_n wherein_o such_o wind_n blow_v motion_n or_o moussons_n and_o such_o motion_n be_v more_o especial_o notable_a in_o the_o indian_a ocean_n from_o africa_n to_o the_o philippine_n isle_n although_o that_o they_o be_v not_o want_v in_o other_o place_n there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a moment_n to_o be_v place_v in_o the_o observation_n of_o these_o motion_n for_o seaman_n ought_v to_o choose_v the_o time_n of_o they_o for_o the_o voyage_n that_o they_o intend_v to_o that_o same_o quarter_n or_o that_o which_o be_v collateral_a unto_o which_o that_o wind_n blow_v neither_o to_o undertake_v a_o voyage_n to_o the_o quarter_n of_o this_o motion_n but_o to_o expect_v the_o contrary_a motion_n for_o in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o indian_a ocean_n where_o that_o one_o wind_n cease_v to_o blow_v for_o some_o month_n another_o succee_v contrary_a to_o the_o former_a and_o continue_v with_o the_o same_o constancy_n until_o that_o it_o have_v complete_v its_o time_n and_o therefore_o they_o call_v these_o contrary_a motion_n they_o term_v those_o the_o time_n of_o the_o mutation_n of_o those_o motion_n which_o intercede_v between_o the_o end_n of_o one_o mousson_n and_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o contrary_n for_o one_o motion_n cease_v another_o do_v not_o present_o begin_v to_o blow_v but_o some_o day_n fall_v between_o some_o time_n more_o sometime_o few_o also_o more_o in_o some_o place_n and_o few_o in_o other_o some_o and_o in_o these_o intermedial_a day_n in_o which_o no_o certain_a motion_n blow_v the_o wind_n be_v variable_a the_o calm_a dangerous_a and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o sea_n be_v toss_v with_o uncertain_a wave_n and_o sudden_a tempest_n arise_v some_o of_o these_o motion_n return_v twice_o in_o a_o year_n but_o not_o with_o the_o same_o vehemency_n whence_o mariner_n term_v the_o one_o the_o great_a motion_n the_o other_o the_o lesser_a 1._o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n that_o lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n as_o also_o that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n the_o north_n wind_n perpetual_o blow_v in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n india_n month_n most_o fit_a to_o take_fw-mi a_o voyage_n from_o europe_n to_o india_n november_n and_o january_n and_o therefore_o these_o month_n be_v chief_o fit_a to_o undertake_v a_o voyage_n in_o from_o europe_n to_o india_n that_o they_o may_v pass_v the_o aequator_fw-la by_o the_o help_n of_o those_o wind_n for_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o experience_n that_o some_o ship_n that_o have_v set_v sail_n from_o europe_n in_o march_n have_v arrive_v no_o soon_o at_o brazile_n than_o those_o that_o have_v set_v sail_n in_o october_n viz._n both_o of_o they_o have_v come_v thither_o in_o the_o month_n of_o february_n be_v help_v by_o the_o north_n wind_n yet_o because_o that_o this_o wind_n be_v not_o so_o continual_a and_o certain_a therefore_o mariner_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o call_v it_o a_o motion_n neither_o be_v it_o a_o easy_a matter_n to_o render_v a_o cause_n of_o this_o wind_n in_o these_o month_n unless_o you_o will_v refer_v it_o to_o copious_a thick_a vapour_n or_o to_o a_o continnual_a pressure_n make_v from_o thick_a cloud_n but_o those_o that_o have_v winter_v in_o nova_n zembla_n testify_v that_o there_o be_v a_o most_o frequent_a north_n wind_v all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o winter_n where_o this_o effect_n can_v be_v ascribe_v unto_o the_o sun_n rarify_n the_o air_n see_v that_o he_o lie_v obscure_v under_o the_o horizon_n yet_o i_o suppose_v that_o in_o general_a the_o cause_n may_v proceed_v from_o the_o dissolve_v of_o snow_n or_o gross_a vapour_n or_o cloud_n collect_v in_o the_o winter_n in_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n especial_o on_o the_o mountain_n which_o i_o be_o induce_v to_o believe_v by_o this_o argument_n more_o especial_o because_o that_o these_o motion_n blow_v for_o the_o most_o part_n from_o the_o north_n and_o south_n quarter_n or_o the_o collateral_a unto_o they_o therefore_o by_o reason_n that_o snow_n and_o thick_a cloud_n be_v dissolve_v in_o the_o northern_a place_n by_o the_o sun_n especial_o in_o that_o half_a of_o the_o year_n in_o which_o he_o pass_v through_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a therefore_o those_o motion_n shall_v then_o be_v northern_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o the_o southern_a or_o antarctic_a place_n for_o the_o other_o half_a of_o the_o year_n the_o sun_n dissolve_v the_o snow_n and_o the_o thick_a cloud_n therefore_o then_o the_o motion_n shall_v be_v discover_v southerly_a now_o that_o these_o motion_n blow_v more_o from_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n
indian_n orancan_n it_o be_v often_o in_o the_o oriental_a sea_n especial_o in_o the_o sea_n of_o sian_n china_n and_o japan_n between_o malacca_n and_o japan_n this_o violent_o break_v almost_o from_o the_o western_a quarter_n and_o be_v whirl_v about_o the_o horizon_n with_o a_o rapid_a course_n perfect_v its_o circumference_n by_o continual_a increase_n in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o hour_n raise_v those_o vast_a sea_n with_o a_o horrid_a violence_n and_o swell_n the_o billow_n beat_v one_o another_o take_v away_o all_o hope_n of_o safety_n from_o the_o mariner_n and_o so_o both_o by_o reason_n of_o these_o typhon_n and_o also_o other_o storm_n sail_v from_o india_n to_o japan_n be_v very_o dangerous_a so_o that_o it_o be_v account_v a_o happy_a voyage_n if_o that_o one_o ship_n of_o three_o keep_v its_o course_n at_o the_o autumnal_a season_n a_o most_o furious_a typhon_n do_v especial_o predominate_a and_o that_o often_o with_o so_o great_a violence_n that_o those_o that_o have_v not_o see_v it_o can_v hardly_o believe_v it_o so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o some_o mighty_a ship_n have_v be_v weaken_v by_o those_o great_a wave_n you_o will_v think_v in_o this_o storm_n that_o heaven_n and_o earth_n will_v meet_v neither_o do_v it_o only_a rage_n on_o the_o sea_n but_o also_o on_o the_o shore_n and_o overwhelm_v many_o house_n and_o throw_v up_o huge_a tree_n by_o the_o root_n and_o force_v great_a ship_n from_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o land_n for_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n the_o mariner_n term_v it_o a_o wind_n that_o run_v round_o the_o compass_n in_o the_o indian_a ocean_n it_o seldom_o continue_v above_o six_o hour_n and_o make_v the_o sea_n so_o level_a at_o the_o first_o as_o if_o that_o it_o be_v plain_v but_o on_o a_o sudden_a horrible_a wave_n do_v follow_v so_o about_o the_o city_n ardibil_n in_o persia_n in_o june_n and_o july_n every_o day_n when_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v at_o his_o meridian_n height_n a_o whirlwind_n arise_v for_o a_o hour_n by_o which_o a_o great_a dust_n be_v raise_v questionless_a the_o cause_n of_o a_o typhon_n be_v that_o a_o wind_n break_v forth_o with_o violence_n from_o some_o one_o quarter_n towards_o another_o findeth_z a_o obstruction_n in_o this_o and_o therefore_o be_v wreathe_v and_o turn_v into_o itself_o as_o we_o see_v that_o if_o water_n be_v sudden_o move_v if_o that_o a_o obstacle_n be_v put_v in_o its_o way_n it_o move_v in_o a_o round_a sudden_o and_o with_o a_o force_n it_o may_v be_v that_o a_o typhon_n may_v arise_v from_o opposite_a wind_n blow_v together_o violent_o which_o render_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o plain_a and_o comprehend_v the_o ship_n in_o the_o middle_n if_o that_o it_o rush_v from_o above_o it_o be_v call_v caetegis_n and_o then_o it_o make_v the_o sea_n so_o plain_a as_o if_o that_o it_o have_v be_v plain_v but_o present_o mighty_a flood_n or_o wave_n arise_v proposition_n xiii_o whether_o that_o some_o wind_n break_v forth_o from_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n water_n of_o wind_n break_v forth_o from_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n we_o easy_o apprehend_v that_o this_o may_v easy_o be_v see_v that_o cavity_n be_v here_o and_o also_o wind_n sulphureous_a substance_n and_o moisture_n now_o nothing_o hinder_v but_o that_o a_o gust_n sufficient_o vehement_a may_v be_v there_o generate_v viz._n if_o that_o it_o be_v any_o thing_n hinder_v as_o it_o be_v procreate_v to_o go_v forth_o or_o if_o that_o it_o be_v present_o generate_v in_o a_o great_a quantity_n as_o much_o as_o the_o wind_n require_v if_o that_o the_o outlet_n be_v hinder_v a_o earthquake_n be_v generate_v or_o a_o wind_n with_o a_o violent_a force_n make_v weigh_v for_o itself_o and_o thrust_v forward_o the_o earth_n so_o oftentimes_o a_o smoke_n break_v forth_o from_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o maarice_n so_o also_o from_o some_o cave_n in_o japan_n be_v a_o fountain_n break_v forth_o at_o certain_a hour_n of_o the_o day_n with_o great_a noise_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o i_o have_v read_v of_o any_o wind_n break_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n proposition_n fourteen_o whether_o that_o a_o certain_a wind_n may_v arise_v from_o the_o flow_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o river_n rivers_n of_o a_o wind_n that_o flow_v from_o the_o sea_n and_o rivers_n experience_a testify_v that_o in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v discover_v if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o air_n be_v free_a from_o other_o wind_n from_o the_o most_o part_n with_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o sea_n a_o wind_n also_o blow_v from_o the_o sea_n therefore_o it_o seem_v probable_a that_o the_o air_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o contiguity_n be_v carry_v with_o the_o water_n to_o the_o same_o quarter_n but_o this_o shall_v be_v more_o diligent_o observe_v whether_o when_o that_o the_o air_n be_v still_o the_o same_o wind_n be_v discover_v with_o the_o afflux_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o think_v yet_o that_o another_o cause_n of_o this_o wind_n may_v be_v give_v viz._n that_o the_o air_n be_v force_v from_o the_o place_n by_o the_o flow_a water_n now_o the_o air_n be_v much_o move_v at_o a_o very_a little_a impression_n so_o they_o will_v have_v the_o air_n move_v with_o the_o river_n that_o run_v swift_o proposition_n xv._o why_o ignes_fw-la fatui_fw-la castor_n and_o pollux_n and_o helena_n be_v among_o tempest_n the_o portugal_n call_v they_o corpo_fw-it santo_n the_o spaniard_n st._n elmo_n now_o not_o only_o one_o but_o many_o be_v oftentimes_o behold_v in_o ship_n at_o the_o mast_n wander_v with_o a_o uncertain_a motion_n as_o other_o ignes_fw-la fatui_fw-la although_o that_o sometime_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o fix_v on_o the_o sail_n and_o mast_n but_o sometime_o leap_v up_o and_o down_o they_o appear_v like_o a_o flame_n or_o a_o candle_n burn_v obscure_o if_o that_o four_o such_o vicine_fw-la light_n be_v see_v the_o portugal_n term_v they_o cora_n de_fw-fr nostra_fw-la seneora_n the_o crown_n of_o our_o bless_a lady_n or_o virgin_n mary_n and_o these_o they_o account_v of_o as_o a_o most_o certain_a sign_n of_o the_o tempest_n to_o cease_v the_o cause_n of_o those_o fire_n be_v a_o sulphureous_a part_n full_a of_o bitumen_n force_v downward_o through_o that_o great_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n and_o force_v or_o fire_v into_o one_o by_o agitation_n or_o congregation_n so_o we_o see_v by_o agitation_n that_o the_o butter_n of_o milk_n be_v separate_v from_o this_o phaenomenon_n be_v also_o collect_v that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n those_o violent_a tempest_n proceed_v from_o a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n rarefy_v and_o move_v the_o cloud_n proposition_n xvi_o why_o there_o be_v so_o frequent_a a_o calm_a in_o the_o sea_n near_o guinee_n and_o under_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n between_o america_n and_o africa_n ocean_n frequent_a '_o calm_v in_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o phaenomenon_n about_o wind_n of_o no_o small_a difficulty_n that_o at_o guinee_n which_o be_v two_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o under_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v almost_o a_o perpetual_a calm_a especial_o in_o april_n may_n and_o june_n where_o no_o motion_n be_v find_v there_o when_o that_o no_o such_o thing_n be_v observe_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n situate_a under_o the_o aequator_fw-la indeed_o a_o ecnephias_n be_v sometime_o sufficient_o frequent_v there_o but_o this_o also_o be_v desire_v oftentimes_o by_o the_o seaman_n because_o that_o by_o the_o force_n of_o frequent_a ecnephiae_fw-la they_o endeavour_v to_o sail_v beyond_o the_o aequator_fw-la for_o it_o happen_v very_o often_o that_o ship_n sail_v from_o europe_n to_o india_n be_v detain_v a_o whole_a month_n at_o the_o aequator_fw-la before_o that_o they_o can_v pass_v it_o now_o especial_o they_o avoid_v the_o coast_n of_o guinee_n and_o the_o calm_a there_o and_o therefore_o with_o some_o hindrance_n to_o their_o voyage_n they_o sail_v towards_o brazil_n yea_o some_o ship_n be_v detain_v here_o for_o three_o month_n before_o that_o they_o can_v depart_v from_o the_o coast_n into_o the_o mid-sea_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o find_v out_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n unless_o perchance_o this_o be_v it_o that_o snow_n be_v find_v intercept_v in_o no_o mountain_n of_o africa_n between_o guinee_n and_o barbary_n which_o may_v generate_v the_o wind_n proposition_n xvii_o in_o some_o region_n the_o tempest_n be_v anniversary_n region_n of_o tempest_n anniversary_n in_o some_o region_n we_o have_v give_v some_o example_n of_o these_o in_o our_o former_a proposition_n viz._n 1._o concern_v the_o mutation_n of_o motion_n 2._o concern_v our_o ecnephias_n 3._o concern_v a_o typhon_n 4._o at_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a in_o june_n and_o july_n 5._o in_o the_o isle_n
great_a concernment_n yet_o it_o be_v better_a to_o begin_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la that_o all_o the_o place_n may_v lie_v in_o some_o climate_n proposition_n xv._o to_o show_v the_o use_n of_o the_o table_n of_o the_o climate_n 1._o the_o latitude_n of_o some_o place_n or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v give_v to_o know_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n in_o that_o place_n and_o the_o climate_n in_o which_o it_o lie_v let_v the_o give_v elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v seek_v in_o the_o table_n and_o on_o the_o opposite_a region_n we_o shall_v find_v both_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n as_o also_o the_o climate_n and_o the_o parallel_n if_o that_o the_o give_v elevation_n can_v be_v find_v in_o the_o table_n then_o take_v that_o elevation_n which_o be_v less_o near_o or_o the_o like_a which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o table_n climate_n from_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o long_a day_n of_o any_o place_n to_o know_v the_o latude_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o parallel_n and_o climate_n 2._o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o long_a day_n of_o any_o place_n be_v give_v which_o any_o person_n have_v observe_v or_o receive_v by_o relation_n to_o know_v from_o thence_o the_o latitude_n of_o that_o place_n the_o parallel_n and_o the_o climate_n in_o which_o that_o place_n lie_v enter_v the_o table_n with_o the_o latitude_n give_v and_o you_o shall_v see_v on_o the_o opposite_a region_n both_o the_o latitude_n and_o the_o place_n demand_v as_o also_o the_o climate_n and_o parallel_n 3._o a_o climate_n be_v give_v to_o determine_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o long_a day_n and_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n this_o be_v facile_a from_o the_o very_a sight_n of_o the_o table_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o light_n heatt_z cold_a rains_n in_o the_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o zone_n and_o other_o property_n of_o the_o zone_n proposition_n i._o these_o cause_n be_v efficacious_a to_o generate_v and_o procure_v light_a heatt_z cold_a and_o rain_n with_o other_o meteor_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o vicine_fw-la air._n heat_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o heat_n 1._o the_o more_o or_o less_o or_o no_o obliquity_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o or_o emit_v on_o any_o place_n for_o the_o ray_n fall_v perpendicular_a on_o any_o place_n cause_n great_a heat_n and_o the_o other_o ray_n slide_v oblique_o have_v for_o that_o very_a reason_n a_o less_o power_n of_o heat_n by_o how_o much_o the_o obliquity_n of_o they_o be_v the_o great_a that_o be_v by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o they_o decline_v from_o the_o perpendicular_a ray._n 2._o the_o diurnal_a stay_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n for_o the_o same_o heat_n make_v more_o hot_a and_o change_v the_o air_n in_o a_o long_a time_n than_o in_o a_o short_a 3._o the_o depression_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n be_v more_o or_o less_o in_o the_o night_n season_n for_o this_o difference_n of_o depression_n cause_v that_o either_o more_o or_o less_o light_a be_v perceive_v in_o the_o air_n also_o more_o or_o less_o heat_n rain_n thick_a cloud_n hitherto_o belong_v the_o twilight_n 4._o the_o more_o or_o less_o elevation_n of_o the_o moon_n above_o the_o horizon_n the_o more_o or_o less_o depression_n of_o the_o same_o beneath_o the_o horizon_n the_o more_o or_o less_o diurnal_a stay_n of_o the_o same_o above_o the_o horizon_n the_o cause_n be_v the_o same_o with_o those_o allege_v in_o the_o three_o forego_v paragraph_n air._n the_o planet_n and_o fix_a star_n raise_v vapour_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o air._n 5._o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o fix_a star_n especial_o of_o those_o more_o note_a one_o and_o of_o the_o five_o other_o planet_n saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n venus_n and_o mercury_n for_o they_o generate_v some_o light_n and_o heat_n in_o the_o air_n although_o it_o be_v but_o little_a and_o change_v the_o air_n divers_a way_n and_o raise_v vapour_n if_o that_o we_o may_v credit_v astronomer_n 6._o the_o propriety_n or_o species_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o every_o place_n for_o where_o the_o earth_n be_v more_o stony_a and_o rocky_a there_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v more_o cold_a than_o where_o it_o be_v sulphureous_a and_o fat_a and_o here_o again_o it_o be_v more_o fertile_a where_o there_o be_v much_o sand_n and_o no_o river_n there_o be_v great_a heat_n lake_n fume_n and_o mist_n proceed_v from_o lake_n 7._o lake_n or_o the_o sea_n adjacent_a from_o thence_o also_o fume_n and_o mist_n be_v raise_v more_o moist_a and_o frequent_a in_o the_o air_n and_o the_o ray_n be_v less_o powerful_o reflect_v from_o the_o sea_n than_o from_o the_o earth_n 8._o the_o situation_n of_o place_n for_o the_o sun_n act_v otherwise_o on_o mountain_n and_o mountainous_a place_n than_o on_o valley_n and_o plain_n moreover_o mountain_n hinder_v the_o free_a access_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o subject_a place_n for_o to_o they_o the_o vapour_n of_o the_o air_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n attract_v 20._o see_v chap._n 20._o whence_o the_o mountain_n change_v the_o season_n of_o the_o adjacent_a place_n as_o heatt_z rain_n and_o the_o like_a for_o these_o will_v be_v otherwise_o in_o the_o subject_a place_n if_o that_o the_o mountain_n be_v absent_a weather_n the_o wind_n cause_n difference_n in_o the_o weather_n 9_o the_o wind_n especial_o the_o general_a so_o the_o etesian_a wind_n temperate_a and_o allay_v the_o canicular_a heat_n a_o general_a wind_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n especial_o the_o subsolan_n wind_n in_o brasilia_n render_v the_o heat_n temperate_a when_o in_o africa_n which_o be_v occidental_a the_o heat_n be_v vehement_a because_o these_o place_n feel_v not_o so_o general_a a_o wind._n the_o northern_a wind_n be_v cold_a and_o dry_a the_o southern_a warm_a and_o moist_a in_o our_o place_n 10._o cloud_n rain_n and_o fog_n take_v away_o and_o diminish_v light_a and_o heat_n i_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v not_o 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short_a stay_n above_o the_o horizon_n the_o effect_n of_o it_o be_v little_o discern_v in_o any_o place_n except_o when_o it_o be_v vertical_a to_o it_o 5._o all_o the_o star_n arise_v and_o set_v in_o place_n nigh_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o those_o star_n which_o be_v near_o the_o pole_n in_o place_n more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la do_v not_o arise_v and_o those_o be_v but_o very_o few_o and_o therefore_o they_o can_v cause_v little_a heat_n and_o light_n and_o that_o also_o insensible_a in_o the_o air._n 6._o in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n as_o in_o india_n and_o its_o isle_n in_o the_o tongue_n of_o africa_n and_o in_o mexico_n the_o earth_n be_v sulphureous_a which_o send_v forth_o more_o calid_a vapour_n whence_o it_o communicate_v a_o certain_a heat_n to_o the_o air_n and_o a_o peculiar_a property_n in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v sandy_a as_o in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o africa_n lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n in_o part_n of_o lybia_n and_o the_o land_n of_o the_o negro_n in_o many_o place_n of_o arabia_n in_o peru_n and_o in_o the_o place_n between_o peru_n and_o brazilia_n whence_o in_o these_o place_n a_o very_a great_a heat_n be_v raise_v by_o the_o sun_n because_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o sand_n do_v very_o long_o retain_v the_o heat_n receive_v from_o the_o sun_n and_o soon_o communicate_v the_o same_o to_o the_o vicine_fw-la air._n in_o other_o place_n the_o river_n be_v many_o and_o in_o those_o sandy_a one_o few_o there_o be_v many_o in_o abyssine_n in_o guiney_n congo_n india_n and_o in_o brazilia_n hence_o humid_a vapour_n be_v raise_v which_o do_v very_o much_o blunt_v the_o force_n of_o the_o sun_n ray_n and_o render_v his_o heat_n more_o tolerable_a 7._o the_o most_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n have_v the_o sea_n adjacent_a as_o india_n and_o its_o isle_n the_o tongue_n of_o africa_n guiney_n brazilia_n peru_n mexico_n some_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v mediterranean_n as_o the_o more_o inward_a africa_n the_o region_n between_o peru_n and_o brazilia_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o those_o place_n the_o heat_n and_o drought_n be_v great_a and_o in_o some_o or_o most_o of_o they_o the_o air_n be_v more_o moist_a and_o less_o fervent_a than_o can_v be_v cause_v by_o the_o sun_n except_o other_o cause_n happen_v 8._o most_o of_o the_o region_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n see_v that_o they_o be_v almost_o encompass_v by_o the_o sea_n have_v in_o the_o middle_a place_n more_o or_o lesser_a ridge_n of_o exceed_v high_a mountain_n as_o india_n and_o its_o isle_n the_o tongue_n of_o africa_n and_o peru_n these_o row_n of_o mountain_n do_v very_o much_o vary_v the_o light_n heat_n and_o ray_n of_o those_o place_n somewhere_o they_o hinder_v the_o oriental_a ray_n of_o the_o sun_n otherwhere_o the_o occidental_a moreover_o the_o humid_a vapour_n condense_v in_o the_o air_n be_v move_v to_o the_o vertices_fw-la of_o these_o mountain_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o twenty_o chapter_n whence_o rain_n and_o cloud_n proceed_v by_o which_o the_o heat_n and_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v very_o much_o obstruct_v and_o the_o celestial_a cause_n of_o the_o season_n be_v disturb_v there_o be_v few_o of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n which_o want_v those_o ridge_n as_o the_o inward_a africa_n mexico_n and_o the_o like_a 9_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o wind_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v various_a and_o notable_a for_o a_o general_a wind_n blow_v from_o the_o side_n plagas_fw-la of_o the_o east_n or_o from_o the_o east_n continual_o towards_o the_o west_n refrigerate_v the_o maritime_a place_n which_o regard_v the_o east_n as_o brazilia_n the_o oriental_a coast_n of_o africa_n but_o not_o so_o to_o those_o towards_o the_o west_n as_o guiney_n congo_n angola_n and_o the_o coast_n of_o peru._n some_o wind_n be_v appropriate_v as_o the_o south_n in_o peru_n which_o wind_n dispel_v vapour_n towards_o the_o plaga_fw-la in_o which_o they_o blow_v some_o be_v fix_v wind_n of_o which_o we_o have_v large_o treat_v in_o the_o one_o and_o twenty_o chapter_n now_o these_o wind_n do_v very_o much_o disturb_v the_o celestial_a cause_n of_o the_o season_n for_o they_o be_v almost_o as_o equal_o constant_a and_o observe_v order_n as_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n itself_o they_o bring_v down_o the_o air_n compel_v the_o vapour_n towards_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o by_o other_o mode_n alter_v the_o season_n ten_o anniversary_n rain_n be_v in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o take_v away_o the_o celestial_a cause_n see_v that_o they_o be_v as_o equal_o constant_a as_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n itself_o for_o those_o err_v who_o suppose_v that_o this_o our_o sublunary_a orb_n observe_v all_o with_o inconstancy_n and_o without_o order_n and_o that_o the_o celestial_a only_o have_v a_o constant_a motion_n see_v that_o the_o cause_n hitherto_o speak_v of_o be_v so_o various_a to_o be_v able_a to_o cause_v the_o heat_n and_o the_o property_n of_o the_o season_n and_o in_o one_o place_n some_o be_v from_o other_o cause_n in_o another_o other_o be_v of_o force_n or_o concur_v in_o divers_a season_n of_o the_o year_n or_o mutual_o impede_fw-la one_o another_o hence_o we_o discover_v why_o the_o cause_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o season_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v so_o various_a proposition_n xi_o how_o the_o spring_n summer_n autumn_n and_o winter_n terrestrial_a do_v behave_v themselves_o and_o in_o what_o month_n of_o the_o year_n they_o commence_v in_o the_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n zone_n of_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o season_n in_o place_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n we_o have_v say_v before_o and_o especial_o in_o the_o second_o proposition_n that_o
testify_v contrariwise_o in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n november_n and_o december_n it_o shall_v be_v winter_n because_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v about_o the_o beginning_n and_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n be_v most_o remote_a from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o those_o place_n here_o therefore_o the_o time_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a season_n do_v much_o differ_v from_o the_o celestial_a season_n the_o cause_n therefore_o of_o these_o rain_n storm_n and_o thunder_n at_o that_o time_n in_o those_o place_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v so_o near_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v explicate_v but_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o day_n time_n force_v up_o many_o vapour_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o sulphureous_a exhalation_n from_o the_o land_n of_o guiny_n which_o vapour_n be_v condense_v by_o the_o cool_a of_o the_o night_n cause_n the_o rain_n especial_o when_o no_o continual_a wind_n blow_v in_o these_o place_n which_o may_v discuss_v the_o vapour_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n here_o be_v a_o calm_a some_o storm_n except_v and_o these_o month_n of_o rain_n which_o they_o attribute_v to_o winter_n be_v not_o cold_a but_o hot_a because_o no_o wind_n blow_v and_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a yea_o the_o heat_n be_v suffocative_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o shortness_n of_o respiration_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o although_o the_o field_n be_v barren_a of_o grain_n in_o these_o watery_a month_n yet_o the_o tree_n and_o bush_n be_v in_o their_o verdure_n all_o the_o year_n and_o bear_v fruit._n the_o day_n be_v here_o equal_a to_o the_o night_n almost_o throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n the_o sun_n in_o the_o east_n rise_v at_o six_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o set_v in_o the_o west_n at_o six_o in_o the_o evening_n but_o the_o easterly_a or_o westerly_a sun_n be_v seldom_o conspicuous_a there_o because_o for_o the_o most_o part_n he_o arise_v involve_v with_o cloud_n for_o half_a a_o hour_n and_o half_a a_o hour_n before_o he_o set_v he_o be_v again_o 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month_n of_o june_n july_n and_o august_n overflow_v and_o communicate_v much_o fertility_n to_o those_o land_n and_o moreover_o form_v many_o lake_n the_o other_o place_n confine_v on_o lybia_n be_v infest_a with_o violent_a heat_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n sandy_n the_o watery_a month_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o bear_v sway_n here_o after_o the_o same_o mode_n as_o in_o guiny_n 4._o now_o follow_v the_o region_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o tongue_n of_o africa_n which_o be_v stretch_v from_o the_o north_n towards_o the_o south_n and_o regard_v the_o west_n the_o region_n be_v manicongo_n angola_n and_o the_o like_a from_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o northern_a latitude_n even_o to_o the_o tropic_a south_n of_o capricorn_n beyond_o the_o aequator_fw-la now_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n begin_v from_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o south_n latitude_n the_o winter_n in_o these_o place_n be_v like_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o vernal_a season_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o rome_n in_o italy_n the_o heat_n temperate_a so_o that_o they_o alter_v their_o garment_n in_o no_o time_n of_o the_o year_n neither_o be_v the_o top_n of_o the_o adjacent_a mountain_n infest_a with_o cold_a here_o almost_o with_o our_o spring_n the_o watery_a winter_n begin_v and_o continue_v april_n may_n june_n july_n august_n and_o good_a part_n of_o september_n at_o that_o time_n the_o summer_n begin_v which_o possess_v the_o other_o month_n even_o to_o the_o 10_o of_o march_n even_o in_o this_o summer_n they_o have_v no_o rain_n or_o at_o least_o very_a little_a and_o seldom_o have_v a_o continual_a serenity_n but_o in_o the_o watery_a month_n the_o sun_n be_v scarce_o to_o be_v see_v on_o any_o day_n perpetual_a cloud_n and_o rain_n so_o obstruct_v the_o air_n also_o frequent_a travado_n or_o storm_n it_o do_v not_o rain_v whole_a day_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n hour_n before_o and_o two_o hour_n after_o noon_n great_a drop_n fall_v which_o be_v soon_o receive_v by_o the_o droughty_a earth_n therefore_o although_o the_o inhabitant_n divide_v the_o year_n only_o into_o two_o part_n it_o may_v be_v distribute_v into_o four_o our_o common_a people_n also_o do_v usual_o divide_v the_o year_n into_o summer_n and_o winter_n because_o the_o spring_n be_v comprise_v in_o the_o summer_n and_o the_o autumn_n in_o the_o winter_n these_o time_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a season_n in_o these_o place_n almost_o agree_v with_o the_o celestial_a course_n for_o from_o the_o 25_o of_o march_n april_n may_n june_n july_n august_n to_o the_o 25_o of_o september_n the_o sun_n depart_v from_o those_o place_n to_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n where_o he_o be_v most_o remote_a from_o they_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o time_n he_o approach_v again_o to_o they_o so_o that_o on_o the_o 30_o of_o september_n he_o become_v vertical_a to_o they_o and_o go_v to_o a_o moderate_a distance_n towards_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n and_o return_v from_o thence_o in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n november_n december_n january_n and_o february_n so_o that_o in_o march_n he_o again_o become_v vertical_a therefore_o in_o those_o month_n they_o have_v a_o summer_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sun_n who_o effect_n be_v not_o here_o hinder_v by_o a_o terestrial_a cause_n and_o then_o again_o in_o the_o month_n from_o the_o 10_o of_o march_n to_o the_o 10_o of_o september_n they_o have_v winter_n because_o then_o the_o sun_n be_v more_o remove_v from_o they_o but_o the_o time_n of_o the_o spring_n autumn_n summer_n and_o winter_n which_o we_o have_v assign_v do_v not_o well_o agree_v with_o the_o celestial_a course_n and_o i_o doubt_v whether_o the_o summer_n and_o winter_n may_v be_v distinguish_v into_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n in_o those_o place_n therefore_o here_o a_o more_o easy_a cause_n may_v be_v render_v why_o in_o those_o month_n from_o the_o 10_o of_o march_n to_o the_o 10_o of_o september_n they_o shall_v have_v a_o quotidian_a rain_n and_o some_o kind_n of_o winter_n viz._n because_o the_o sun_n depart_v from_o their_o vertex_fw-la towards_o the_o place_n of_o the_o great_a distance_n but_o this_o cause_n be_v not_o only_o sufficient_a because_o it_o be_v not_o able_a of_o its_o self_n to_o produce_v such_o a_o effect_n but_o another_o must_v be_v add_v the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o lie_v not_o far_o from_o these_o maritime_a place_n towards_o the_o east_n be_v discern_v in_o those_o watery_a month_n to_o be_v continual_o cover_v with_o snow_n wind._n the_o wind_n be_v the_o northwest_n wind._n and_o this_o be_v cause_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o fix_a wind_n which_o in_o these_o month_n there_o blow_v therefore_o the_o sun_n elevate_v the_o vapour_n very_o much_o from_o the_o sea_n and_o this_o fix_a wind_n force_v they_o towards_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n where_o they_o be_v condense_v and_o then_o turn_v to_o rain_v and_o from_o the_o rain_n which_o fall_v from_o the_o mountain_n spring_v the_o inundation_n of_o the_o nile_n and_o other_o river_n of_o africa_n moreover_o we_o must_v know_v that_o in_o these_o watery_a month_n the_o river_n of_o congo_n overflow_v the_o adjacent_a field_n which_o cause_v great_a fertility_n in_o they_o and_o also_o disgorge_v great_a quantity_n of_o water_n into_o the_o sea_n 5._o in_o the_o maritime_a region_n lowango_n adjacent_a to_o congo_n there_o be_v also_o observe_v to_o be_v rainy_n month_n and_o other_o month_n of_o summer_n that_o be_v serene_a but_o that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v admire_v be_v that_o they_o be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o those_o in_o which_o we_o say_v the_o rain_n do_v wax_n vigorous_a in_o the_o month_n of_o january_n february_n march_n and_o april_n when_o yet_o it_o be_v summer_n and_o a_o serene_a air_n in_o january_n and_o
february_n in_o congo_n here_o therefore_o the_o terrestrial_a season_n be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o celestial_a because_o that_o in_o january_n and_o february_n the_o sun_n be_v not_o most_o remote_a from_o those_o place_n and_o therefore_o they_o shall_v not_o have_v rain_n but_o rather_o siccity_n without_o doubt_v the_o cause_n be_v either_o from_o another_o situation_n of_o the_o mountain_n another_o fix_a wind_n or_o the_o like_a 6._o the_o island_n of_o st._n thomas_n thomas_n see_v the_o description_n of_o st._n thomas_n and_o anobon_n be_v very_o abundant_a in_o sugar_n grain_n fruit_n and_o meat_n and_o great_a plenty_n of_o orange_n etc._n etc._n 7._o how_o the_o season_n be_v in_o the_o other_o region_n of_o the_o occidental_a coast_n of_o africa_n from_o lowango_n to_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o find_v to_o be_v observe_v by_o any_o one_o 8._o therefore_o that_o shore_n be_v leave_v and_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a be_v sail_v about_o we_o return_v to_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n where_o the_o oriental_a coast_n of_o the_o promontory_n or_o tongue_n of_o africa_n be_v discover_v in_o which_o lie_v zofala_n mozambique_n quiloa_n even_o to_o the_o aequator_fw-la which_o be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o oriental_a sun_n in_o these_o place_n the_o winter_n be_v in_o the_o month_n of_o september_n november_n december_n and_o january_n in_o the_o rest_n siccity_n and_o summer_n which_o time_n be_v contrary_a to_o that_o in_o which_o in_o congo_n we_o have_v say_v that_o they_o have_v the_o rain_n in_o winter_n and_o yet_o these_o region_n lie_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o the_o ridge_n of_o mountain_n which_o double_o divide_v this_o prominent_a tongue_n of_o africa_n into_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a land_n questionless_a be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o diversity_n the_o land_n of_o these_o region_n be_v only_o of_o a_o moderate_a fertility_n in_o many_o place_n sandy_a barren_a and_o scorch_v with_o the_o chalure_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o the_o river_n the_o adjacent_a sea_n and_o general_a eastern_o wind_n much_o allay_v the_o heat_n 9_o the_o other_o region_n of_o the_o oriental_a coast_n of_o africa_n lie_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o north_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n and_o hence_o to_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o say_a gulf_n even_o to_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n these_o region_n i_o say_v what_o season_v they_o have_v and_o in_o what_o time_n of_o the_o year_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o find_v observe_v by_o any_o but_o that_o some_o write_v that_o this_o tract_n be_v barren_a sandy_a oppress_v with_o such_o a_o violent_a heat_n and_o destitute_a of_o river_n 10._o as_o to_o the_o season_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a part_n of_o africa_n which_o be_v the_o region_n of_o the_o abyssine_n which_o be_v cut_v almost_o in_o the_o middle_n by_o the_o aequator_fw-la so_o that_o it_o have_v some_o province_n in_o the_o southern_a torrid_a zone_n and_o very_o many_o in_o the_o northern_a torrid_a zone_n 11._o now_o leave_v africa_n we_o enter_v the_o region_n of_o asia_n lie_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n where_o first_o we_o meet_v with_o the_o region_n of_o arabia_n adjacent_a to_o the_o red_a sea_n from_o mecca_n to_o aden_n 12_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o north_n which_o regard_n the_o west_n day_n the_o merchant_n at_o aden_n negoriate_v their_o affair_n in_o the_o night_n season_n by_o reason_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o day_n on_o the_o east_n they_o have_v the_o arabian_a mountain_n these_o region_n be_v exceed_o infest_a with_o heat_n in_o march_n and_o april_n and_o more_o in_o the_o follow_a month_n whilst_o the_o sun_n approach_v to_o their_o vertex_fw-la and_o about_o it_o it_o remain_v may_n june_n july_n and_o august_n the_o chalure_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o inhabitant_n especial_o the_o better_a sort_n cause_n water_n to_o be_v pour_v on_o their_o body_n all_o the_o day_n long_o or_o else_o lie_v in_o vessel_n of_o water_n to_o refresh_v they_o i_o suppose_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v the_o defect_n of_o watery_a vapour_n because_o on_o the_o oriental_a part_n the_o region_n be_v rocky_a and_o have_v but_o few_o river_n now_o the_o oriental_a wind_n which_o be_v general_a although_o it_o be_v not_o there_o perceive_v repell_v the_o vapour_n rise_v from_o the_o red_a sea_n likewise_o the_o abundance_n of_o sand_n which_o retain_v the_o heat_n receive_v in_o the_o night_n and_o communicate_v it_o to_o the_o air._n therefore_o this_o time_n of_o the_o summer_n and_o winter_n agree_v with_o the_o celestial_a course_n 12._o the_o same_o be_v the_o case_n of_o all_o arabia_n and_o its_o eastern_a coast_n 13._o in_o camboja_n in_o india_n lie_v under_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n as_o also_o in_o the_o region_n of_o malabar_n or_o the_o eastern_a coast_n of_o the_o indies_n which_o regard_v the_o west_n and_o extend_v themselves_o from_o the_o north_n towards_o the_o south_n to_o the_o eight_o degree_n of_o north_n latitude_n i_o say_v these_o region_n the_o winter_n or_o rainy_a season_n possess_v the_o month_n of_o june_n july_n august_n and_o september_n but_o especial_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o june_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o september_n neither_o in_o all_o these_o place_n do_v it_o rain_n in_o a_o equal_a time_n but_o more_o continual_o in_o the_o province_n of_o goana_n and_o cocina_n and_o less_o in_o camboja_n where_o it_o only_o rain_v three_o month_n in_o the_o other_o eight_o month_n it_o seldom_o rain_v in_o camboja_n but_o in_o goa_n in_o the_o month_n of_o april_n and_o may_v it_o rain_v but_o less_o vehement_a and_o beginning_n with_o thunder_n and_o storm_n so_o that_o to_o autumn_n here_o may_v be_v ascribe_v half_o the_o month_n of_o march_n also_o april_n and_o may_v to_o the_o 15_o of_o june_n then_o from_o the_o 15_o of_o june_n july_n and_o august_n to_o winter_n likewise_o from_o the_o 15_o of_o september_n to_o december_n the_o spring_n the_o other_o month_n from_o the_o 15_o of_o december_n to_o the_o 15_o of_o march_n to_o summer_n fall_v the_o winter_n be_v not_o so_o call_v from_o the_o cold_a as_o with_o we_o but_o from_o the_o rain_n which_o then_o fall_v for_o in_o these_o month_n be_v great_a drought_n because_o that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o former_a rain_n be_v extract_v by_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o earth_n yet_o the_o inhabitant_n do_v not_o number_v four_o season_n but_o only_o two_o summer_n and_o winter_n or_o rather_o a_o dry_a and_o a_o rainy_a season_n beside_o these_o rain_n there_o be_v frequent_a storm_n on_o the_o coast_n and_o also_o thunder_v in_o those_o rainy_a month_n so_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v then_o shut_v up_o and_o many_o river_n then_o overflow_v the_o sea_n be_v open_a again_o in_o the_o month_n of_o september_n and_o then_o ship_n put_v forth_o to_o sea_n from_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n into_o various_a part_n of_o the_o world_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o violent_a rain_n in_o these_o place_n in_o the_o field_n except_o some_o storm_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o cease_v for_o many_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n therefore_o it_o afford_v the_o inhabitant_n a_o time_n of_o plant_v and_o sow_v which_o they_o do_v in_o these_o watery_a month_n the_o air_n also_o be_v of_o a_o moderate_a heat_n at_o that_o time_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v obstruct_v with_o cloud_n so_o that_o the_o remote_a inhabitant_n expatiate_v from_o the_o shore_n to_o the_o hill_n and_o field_n for_o recreation_n where_o the_o inundation_n be_v not_o great_a and_o incredible_a fertility_n be_v acquire_v to_o the_o earth_n by_o this_o rain_n but_o if_o these_o rain_n fall_v not_o on_o the_o year_n as_o in_o anno_fw-la 1630._o which_o seldom_o happen_v than_o all_o hope_n of_o sow_v and_o consequent_o harvest_n be_v take_v away_o thence_o come_v scarcity_n of_o corn_n a_o hot_a sultery_n air_n burn_v fever_n pestilence_n and_o death_n of_o thousand_o of_o people_n in_o the_o say_a year_n 1630_o 1630._o a_o great_a famine_n in_o camboja_n in_o 1630._o and_o the_o year_n follow_v man_n flesh_n be_v public_o sell_v in_o the_o shambles_n in_o camboja_n sometime_o the_o shore_n do_v so_o rage_v that_o the_o house_n which_o be_v but_o slight_o build_v fall_v by_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o river_n they_o sow_v in_o may_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o june_n and_o reap_v in_o november_n and_o december_n it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o guiny_n this_o summer_n and_o this_o winter_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o celestial_a course_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o in_o the_o month_n of_o july_n and_o august_n the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a to_o those_o place_n or_o very_o near_o the_o vertex_fw-la therefore_o they_o must_v have_v heat_n and_o drought_n this_o be_v the_o great_a felicity_n of_o those_o place_n
that_o in_o those_o month_n it_o rain_v not_o but_o almost_o every_o day_n the_o cloud_n appear_v so_o thick_a as_o if_o it_o will_v immediate_o rain_v but_o there_o fall_v only_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o dew_n and_o that_o especial_o in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n july_n and_o august_n yet_o this_o mist_n be_v not_o unwholesome_a but_o be_v condenfed_a into_o dew_n and_o fall_v it_o irrigate_v the_o valley_n it_o do_v not_o rain_n at_o this_o time_n in_o the_o mountainous_a place_n but_o be_v a_o serene_a season_n this_o maritime_a peru_n be_v distinguish_v into_o valley_n and_o sandy_a place_n the_o valley_n be_v abundant_o fertile_a the_o sandy_a place_n which_o be_v between_o every_o valley_n be_v sterile_a also_o in_o the_o adjacent_a island_n it_o never_o rain_v but_o a_o dew_n only_o fall_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o gorgon_n which_o be_v remove_v three_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o south_n it_o rain_v for_o eight_o month_n almost_o continual_o with_o so_o great_a thunder_n and_o storm_n not_o to_o be_v parallel_v in_o may_n june_n july_n and_o august_n it_o be_v summer_n and_o dry_a contrary_a to_o the_o celestial_a course_n in_o some_o part_n of_o this_o torrid_a zone_n it_o be_v very_o cold_a for_o in_o the_o province_n of_o pastoa_n in_o the_o valley_n airssina_n both_o in_o summer_n and_o winter_n the_o season_n be_v very_o cold_a so_o that_o the_o fruit_n increase_v not_o in_o the_o region_n of_o cusco_n which_o lie_v almost_o in_o the_o middle_n between_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la hard_a frost_n and_o snow_n be_v also_o find_v from_o whence_o it_o be_v collect_v that_o peru_n be_v parch_v with_o no_o violent_a heat_n but_o rather_o enjoy_v a_o temperate_a air_n throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n except_v its_o sandy_a place_n and_o hill_n but_o the_o valley_n be_v most_o fertile_a and_o pleasant_a abound_v with_o tree_n and_o fruit_n their_o water_n they_o receive_v in_o the_o winter_n from_o the_o dew_n which_o i_o have_v say_v fall_v every_o day_n but_o in_o the_o summer_n from_o the_o flood_n which_o descend_v and_o rush_v from_o the_o mountain_n because_o in_o the_o mountainous_a region_n it_o be_v then_o winter_n and_o rain_v and_o from_o these_o torrent_n the_o inhabitant_n conduct_v the_o water_n by_o certain_a convoyance_n into_o the_o valley_n yet_o some_o valley_n be_v content_a only_o with_o the_o dew_n and_o yet_o produce_v abundance_n of_o fruit._n the_o cause_n of_o this_o diversity_n between_o the_o season_n of_o the_o mountainous_a and_o the_o plain_a peru_n and_o why_o it_o never_o rain_v in_o the_o level_a peru_n be_v difficult_a to_o declare_v for_o these_o mountainous_a part_n be_v so_o near_o to_o the_o level_n maritime_a peru_n that_o any_o one_o in_o the_o morning_n descend_v from_o these_o pluvial_a and_o rage_a shower_n in_o the_o evening_n may_v arrive_v at_o the_o level_a peruvia_n where_o there_o be_v no_o rain_n but_o a_o serene_a air._n the_o cause_n seem_v to_o be_v twofold_a first_o those_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o second_o a_o south-west_n wind_n which_o be_v proper_a and_o perpetual_a to_o peru._n therefore_o this_o wind_n force_v the_o vapour_n towards_o the_o mountain_n where_o they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v conderise_v so_o that_o the_o cloud_n may_v not_o destil_n their_o drop_n in_o the_o level_a peru_n but_o in_o the_o mountainous_a place_n they_o be_v attract_v after_o the_o mode_n which_o we_o have_v explain_v concern_v mountain_n therefore_o peru_n have_v this_o in_o common_a with_o egypt_n and_o some_o other_o place_n that_o the_o south_n wind_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o rain_n and_o warmth_n but_o rather_o a_o clear_n the_o air_n although_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v place_n in_o all_o the_o place_n lie_v towards_o the_o south_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la 17._o the_o south_n part_n of_o america_n viz._n brazilia_n be_v very_o pleasant_a and_o excel_v with_o a_o wholesome_a disposition_n of_o the_o air_n 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say_v that_o a_o point_n must_v be_v take_v for_o the_o representation_n for_o the_o place_n of_o the_o eye_n without_o the_o object_n to_o be_v represent_v as_o without_o the_o hemisphere_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o without_o the_o superficies_n of_o spain_n or_o europe_n and_o therefore_o because_o there_o be_v a_o infinite_a space_n about_o any_o object_n and_o on_o that_o account_n there_o be_v infinite_a point_n in_o which_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v put_v contemplate_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o europe_n or_o asia_n if_o that_o a_o particular_a table_n must_v be_v make_v and_o if_o the_o ray_n be_v draw_v to_o divers_a point_n from_o the_o same_o point_n of_o the_o object_n or_o superficies_n which_o may_v penetrate_v the_o same_o table_n the_o penetration_n of_o the_o ray_n be_v make_v in_o a_o very_a different_a
place_n and_o situation_n and_o therefore_o very_a unlike_o figure_n arise_v thence_o in_o the_o table_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o according_a to_o the_o various_a situation_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o we_o attribute_v to_o it_o without_o the_o earth_n or_o without_o that_o part_n which_o it_o ought_v to_o represent_v there_o arise_v a_o various_a representation_n of_o that_o superficies_n on_o the_o table_n for_o as_o there_o exi_v another_o sort_n of_o frontispiece_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o a_o house_n when_o the_o eye_n may_v behold_v it_o from_o a_o situation_n direct_o opposite_a another_o from_o a_o oblique_a situation_n another_o from_o a_o upper_a place_n another_o from_o a_o long_a place_n and_o so_o change_v according_a to_o the_o various_a situation_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o tutor_n may_v explain_v by_o diagram_n so_o there_o arise_v a_o different_a position_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v represent_v on_o the_o table_n if_o that_o the_o eye_n be_v so_o constitute_v or_o conceive_v in_o the_o air_n in_o such_o a_o situation_n that_o it_o may_v hang_v over_o the_o aequator_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n and_o otherwise_o if_o that_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o exist_v in_o the_o pretend_a axis_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o in_o the_o semi-axis_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n and_o otherwise_o if_o it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v eminent_a over_o any_o other_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o both_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o parallel_n as_o well_o as_o the_o meridian_n obtain_v various_a representation_n because_o the_o ray_n draw_v from_o they_o exist_v in_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o eye_n perforate_v the_o table_n in_o divers_a point_n endue_v with_o a_o various_a situation_n which_o the_o reader_n may_v easy_o understand_v profitable_a the_o direction_n of_o a_o tutor_n very_o profitable_a if_o that_o they_o have_v the_o live_a information_n and_o direction_n of_o a_o tutor_n the_o other_o which_o i_o esteem_v fit_a for_o the_o reader_n consideration_n in_o this_o method_n for_o his_o better_a understanding_n be_v concern_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o variety_n in_o the_o magnitude_n of_o table_n and_o representation_n for_o we_o can_v show_v the_o same_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o body_n of_o the_o world_n as_o temple_n house_n and_o the_o like_a on_o a_o great_a or_o small_a table_n the_o cause_n be_v twofold_a first_o by_o how_o much_o the_o eye_n be_v place_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o earth_n or_o any_o object_n by_o so_o much_o the_o representation_n receive_v the_o lesser_a magnitude_n ziz_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o table_n or_o glass_n so_o remain_v 2._o how_o much_o the_o table_n or_o glass_n in_o which_o the_o representation_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o the_o perforation_n of_o the_o ray_n be_v near_o move_v to_o the_o eye_n by_o so_o much_o the_o representation_n or_o projecture_n receive_v the_o lesser_a form_n by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o to_o the_o object_n so_o much_o the_o great_a but_o if_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v remove_v in_o any_o kind_n from_o the_o object_n the_o table_n remain_v so_o that_o it_o be_v remove_v in_o the_o same_o line_n with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o so_o that_o it_o remain_v in_o one_o perpendicular_a line_n to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o projecture_n be_v not_o change_v but_o only_o the_o magnitude_n the_o similitude_n remain_v so_o also_o if_o that_o the_o table_n be_v any_o way_n move_v to_o the_o eye_n or_o remove_v towards_o the_o object_n all_o the_o projecture_n do_v become_v of_o a_o divers_a magnitude_n yet_o they_o remain_v mutual_o alike_o and_o represent_v all_o the_o place_n in_o a_o like_a situation_n so_o that_o the_o table_n shall_v observe_v the_o parallel_n situate_v from_o the_o eye_n in_o his_o access_n and_o recess_n but_o if_o the_o table_n receive_v another_o position_n and_o also_o if_o the_o eye_n be_v not_o only_o remove_v but_o also_o recede_v from_o that_o perpendicular_a line_n than_o the_o like_a projecture_n shall_v not_o arise_v and_o the_o place_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o like_a situation_n on_o the_o earth_n but_o beside_o a_o various_a magnitude_n there_o shall_v also_o be_v a_o notable_a dissimilitude_n in_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n one_o to_o the_o other_o but_o in_o the_o projecture_n of_o all_o body_n as_o also_o in_o the_o projecture_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v so_o wont_a to_o happen_v that_o we_o attribute_v such_o a_o situation_n to_o the_o table_n or_o glass_n that_o it_o may_v touch_v the_o body_n or_o superficies_n in_o that_o point_n to_o which_o the_o line_n draw_v be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o body_n or_o which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o to_o obtain_v the_o lesser_a or_o great_a projecture_n we_o remove_v the_o point_n of_o the_o eye_n more_o or_o less_o from_o the_o earth_n but_o then_o we_o conceive_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v very_o small_a this_o in_o general_a be_v explain_v concern_v the_o projecture_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o original_a of_o geographical_a map_n we_o shall_v show_v the_o method_n of_o do_v it_o where_o first_o we_o shall_v show_v whether_o these_o table_n shall_v be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n and_o whether_o all_o may_v be_v make_v according_a to_o they_o for_o the_o end_n of_o these_o table_n or_o map_n be_v to_o the_o life_n and_o exact_o as_o may_v be_v to_o express_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o it_o be_v demand_v and_o that_o not_o unadvised_o whether_o this_o may_v be_v do_v by_o another_o method_n which_o observe_v not_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n for_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n or_o contrary_a to_o they_o so_o that_o it_o exact_o represent_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n the_o table_n shall_v be_v account_v to_o be_v well_o do_v to_o that_o i_o answer_v that_o although_o certain_a table_n of_o some_o small_a province_n may_v be_v make_v and_o be_v also_o make_v by_o another_o method_n to_o wit_n by_o angle_n of_o position_n or_o also_o by_o distance_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o last_o place_n yet_o in_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o can_v be_v perform_v by_o a_o more_o commodious_a method_n than_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n although_o the_o true_a situation_n of_o the_o place_n may_v not_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o table_n make_v according_a to_o these_o rule_n map_n thing_n to_o be_v know_v about_o the_o make_n of_o these_o map_n for_o we_o must_v know_v that_o in_o make_v of_o these_o map_n we_o must_v attend_v to_o a_o threefold_a end_n 1._o that_o all_o the_o place_n must_v have_v such_o a_o situation_n and_o distance_n to_o the_o chief_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o parallel_n the_o meridian_n as_o they_o have_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o so_o that_o from_o those_o table_n the_o parallel_n of_o every_o place_n the_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la from_o the_o pole_n the_o zone_n the_o climate_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v behold_v because_o that_o from_o thence_o many_o property_n of_o the_o region_n and_o celestial_a appearance_n do_v depend_v 2._o that_o the_o magnitude_n of_o every_o region_n may_v have_v that_o proportion_n that_o they_o have_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o 3._o that_o every_o place_n may_v have_v the_o same_o situation_n to_o the_o other_o mutual_o which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o of_o these_o three_o requisite_n all_o map_n or_o table_n ought_v exact_o to_o perform_v the_o first_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n exact_o do_v because_o they_o be_v make_v from_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o place_n neither_o do_v the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n hinder_v the_o same_o but_o for_o the_o second_o they_o can_v accurate_o perform_v the_o same_o if_o that_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n be_v observe_v because_o the_o crooked_a path_n of_o the_o superficies_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o eye_n make_v the_o representation_n lesser_a in_o the_o glass_n than_o those_o part_n subject_v to_o the_o eye_n but_o yet_o that_o inequality_n be_v small_a and_o become_v insensible_a if_o that_o the_o eye_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v remote_a a_o infinite_a interval_n from_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o three_o requisite_a can_v be_v perform_v by_o no_o large_a table_n such_o be_v those_o of_o the_o whole_a earth_n also_o those_o of_o the_o 4_o quar_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o great_a province_n although_o they_o may_v accomplish_v it_o in_o the_o lesser_a region_n and_o the_o vulgar_a suppose_n
top_n of_o the_o approach_a mast_n of_o the_o ship_n or_o tower_n may_v be_v see_v to_o find_v out_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o tower_n or_o mast_n of_o the_o ship_n in_o the_o diagram_n of_o the_o former_a proposition_n in_o the_o triangle_n n_o o_fw-fr t_o from_o the_o give_v n_n t_n t_o o_o the_o arch_n n_o p_o be_v find_v which_o be_v substract_v from_o the_o know_a arch_n p_o f_o from_o the_o give_v distance_n turn_v into_o minute_n the_o arch_n f_o n_n or_o the_o angle_n n_o t_o s_o be_v leave_v and_o in_o the_o triangle_n n_o t_o s_o the_o right_a angle_n n_o t_n be_v give_v and_o n_n be_v the_o right_a angle_n therefore_o the_o hypotenusa_fw-la t_o s_o shall_v be_v find_v from_o which_o if_o t_o f_o be_v take_v f_o s_o be_v leave_v the_o demand_v altitude_n of_o the_o tower_n or_o mast_n of_o the_o ship_n or_o of_o any_o mountain_n proposition_n vii_o the_o refraction_n of_o ray_n in_o the_o air_n augment_v the_o apparent_a semidiameter_n of_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n air._n of_o refraction_n of_o ray_n in_o the_o air._n for_o there_o be_v a_o divers_a refraction_n of_o the_o air_n in_o divers_a place_n but_o the_o thick_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v near_o the_o earth_n therefore_o although_o a_o ray_n can_v come_v by_o a_o direct_a way_n to_o the_o eye_n o_o from_o the_o point_n situate_v beyond_o n_n for_o example_n f_o yet_o his_o ray_n may_v be_v so_o break_v in_o the_o air_n that_o the_o refract_v may_v be_v n_z o_o or_o the_o tangent_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n chap._n xxxv_o of_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o nautick_a art_n and_o in_o special_a of_o the_o first_o part_n viz._n the_o make_n or_o build_v of_o ship_n proposition_n i._o that_o be_v term_v the_o nautical_a art_n or_o science_n which_o teach_v how_o a_o ship_n may_v most_o safe_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v sail_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o through_o the_o sea_n sea_n by_o the_o wind_n ship_n be_v carry_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o in_o the_o sea_n because_o in_o this_o discipline_n the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v compare_v among_o themselves_o or_o mutual_o to_o themselves_o and_o their_o respective_a situation_n be_v examine_v therefore_o deserve_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o respective_a part_n of_o geography_n now_o i_o suppose_v that_o three_o part_n may_v convenient_o be_v constitute_v of_o this_o most_o noble_a art_n so_o much_o useful_a to_o human_a society_n 1._o the_o art_n of_o building_n of_o ship_n which_o also_o consider_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o ship_n in_o the_o water_n or_o else_o presuppose_v it_o as_o know_v 2._o concern_v the_o lade_n of_o ship_n 3._o the_o direction_n gubernation_n or_o sail_v of_o a_o ship_n which_o be_v term_v the_o art_n of_o the_o master_n or_o pilot_n and_o in_o general_a the_o art_n of_o navigation_n by_o way_n of_o excellency_n unto_o which_o also_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o nautick_a art_n be_v most_o of_o all_o agreeable_a and_o this_o part_n with_o great_a right_n do_v appertain_v unto_o geography_n than_o the_o two_o former_a which_o be_v more_o true_o refer_v to_o the_o staticks_n and_o mechanic_n now_o the_o art_n of_o sail_v do_v whole_o depend_v on_o geography_n proposition_n ii_o in_o the_o fabric_n of_o ship_n these_o thing_n follow_v must_v be_v observe_v hip_n thing_n to_o be_v note_v in_o the_o fabric_n of_o hip_n 1._o that_o the_o matter_n or_o wood_n be_v take_v which_o may_v endure_v very_o long_o in_o the_o water_n of_o which_o vitruvius_n and_o other_o author_n be_v to_o be_v consult_v hither_o also_o belong_v how_o the_o wood_n be_v to_o be_v prepare_v and_o their_o density_n to_o be_v augment_v the_o unuseful_a moisture_n to_o be_v consume_v with_o fire_n pitch_a and_o defend_v from_o corruption_n this_o doctrine_n must_v be_v take_v from_o philosophy_n 2._o that_o such_o a_o figure_n or_o shape_n be_v give_v to_o a_o ship_n that_o be_v most_o apt_a for_o a_o quick_a motion_n and_o may_v be_v move_v by_o a_o small_a power_n 3._o in_o this_o fabric_n and_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o figure_n this_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o a_o ship_n may_v with_o ease_n be_v defend_v against_o storm_n and_o tempest_n but_o of_o this_o i_o shall_v treat_v in_o the_o second_o part_n where_o i_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o lade_n of_o ship_n ship_n the_o magnitude_n of_o ship_n 4._o the_o magnitude_n of_o ship_n must_v be_v consider_v where_o there_o be_v a_o great_a comparison_n between_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_n some_o suppose_v that_o the_o ship_n of_o alexandria_n make_v by_o archimedes_n by_o the_o command_n of_o hiero_n king_n of_o sicily_n and_o present_v to_o ptolemy_n king_n of_o egypt_n be_v of_o 12000_o tun_n the_o ship_n of_o philopater_n be_v deliver_v by_o calixenus_n to_o have_v be_v in_o length_n 280_o cubit_n in_o breadth_n 38_o and_o in_o height_n 48_o cubit_n the_o great_a ship_n at_o this_o day_n be_v those_o of_o the_o spaniard_n or_o portugal_n they_o call_v they_o caraca_v but_o of_o all_o nation_n in_o christendom_n the_o english_a may_v best_o brag_v of_o their_o gallant_a ship_n for_o the_o service_n of_o war._n 5._o there_o belong_v to_o the_o build_n of_o ship_n the_o knowledge_n of_o every_o part_n as_o the_o keil_n the_o rudder_n rib_n head_n stern_n mast_n yard_n cables_n and_o anchor_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o not_o only_o the_o matter_n figure_n and_o coherency_n but_o also_o the_o weight_n and_o magnitude_n be_v to_o be_v explain_v 6._o to_o the_o fabric_n of_o ship_n belong_v the_o skill_n how_o to_o prevent_v a_o breach_n leak_n or_o other_o defect_n of_o ship_n thus_o much_o in_o brief_a of_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o nautick_a art_n of_o building_n of_o ship_n chap._n xxxvi_o of_o the_o lade_n of_o ship_n or_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o nautick_a art_n proposition_n i._o the_o burden_n to_o lade_v ship_n withal_o be_v express_v by_o last_n and_o tun_n ship_n of_o the_o lade_n of_o ship_n the_o tun_n of_o a_o ship_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v 2000_o pound_n weight_n the_o last_v twelve_o tun_n proposition_n ii_o the_o body_n or_o matter_n which_o be_v high_o than_o water_n be_v not_o mergent_fw-la altogether_o in_o the_o water_n but_o some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v above_o but_o if_o it_o be_v of_o a_o great_a weight_n than_o water_n it_o will_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n if_o of_o the_o same_o weight_n it_o keep_v the_o give_v place_n in_o the_o water_n hitherto_o belong_v the_o various_a knowledge_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o body_n as_o of_o lead_n gold_n iron_n wheat_n sand_n oil_n wine_n the_o gravity_n of_o all_o which_o must_v be_v compare_v with_o water_n corollary_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o matter_n to_o lade_v the_o ship_n with_o take_v with_o the_o burden_n of_o the_o ship_n aught_o to_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o burden_n or_o gravity_n of_o the_o water_n who_o mole_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o solidity_n or_o capacity_n of_o the_o whole_a ship_n proposition_n iii_o by_o how_o much_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o ship_n come_v to_o a_o ordinate_a that_o be_v to_o a_o cubick_a equality_n of_o longitude_n latitude_n and_o thickness_n by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o it_o can_v sustain_v the_o great_a burden_n in_o the_o water_n the_o demonstration_n must_v be_v seek_v from_o the_o staticks_n proposition_n iv_o in_o the_o lade_n of_o ship_n respect_n must_v be_v have_v to_o two_o thing_n first_o that_o there_o be_v not_o impose_v so_o great_a a_o burden_n that_o its_o weight_n take_v may_v be_v equal_a with_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o ship_n or_o great_a than_o the_o mole_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o ship_n but_o that_o it_o be_v lesser_a though_o not_o much_o but_o if_o the_o matter_n to_o lade_v the_o ship_n be_v so_o light_a the_o burden_n must_v be_v augment_v with_o ballast_n second_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o water_n must_v be_v consider_v through_o which_o the_o ship_n be_v to_o sail_v ship_n ballast_n require_v in_o a_o ship_n for_o although_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o water_n admit_v of_o this_o or_o that_o weight_n of_o the_o ship_n or_o lade_n when_o this_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o equal_a gravity_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v to_o the_o mole_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o if_o the_o water_n have_v lesser_a profundity_n than_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ship_n beneath_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n the_o bottom_n will_v not_o grant_v a_o motion_n to_o the_o ship_n but_o detain_v it_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o spanish_a ship_n carry_v great_a burden_n than_o dutch_a dutch._n spanish_a ship_n carry_v great_a burden_n than_o the_o dutch._n because_o they_o have_v the_o sea_n deep_o on_o
unto_o a_o certain_a quarter_n or_o the_o billow_n be_v roll_v unto_o a_o certain_a quarter_n if_o therefore_o the_o ship_n be_v direct_v into_o the_o same_o quarter_n the_o way_n make_v will_v be_v great_a than_o the_o conjecture_n make_v it_o but_o if_o into_o a_o contrary_a it_o will_v be_v lesser_a 2._o because_o the_o ship_n be_v carry_v by_o other_o cause_n into_o other_o quarter_n and_o so_o by_o wind_a arrive_v at_o another_o place_n 3._o the_o wind_n be_v various_o change_v 4._o by_o how_o much_o a_o ship_n have_v the_o great_a altitude_n by_o so_o much_o its_o motion_n seem_v more_o slow_a though_o it_o be_v not_o so_o proposition_n v._o to_o observe_v the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n unto_o which_o a_o ship_n be_v arrive_v the_o seaman_n observe_v it_o by_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o day_n time_n and_o by_o the_o star_n in_o the_o night_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o xxiii_o chapter_n they_o use_v three_o instrument_n 23._o see_v chap._n 23._o the_o astrolabe_n the_o radius_fw-la and_o the_o triangle_n proposition_n vi_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o method_n use_v by_o seaman_n to_o find_v the_o place_n on_o the_o map_n unto_o which_o they_o have_v arrive_v be_v fallacious_a because_o that_o they_o can_v neither_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o rhombe_n or_o quarter_n of_o the_o way_n or_o of_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o way_n make_v or_o of_o the_o observe_v latitude_n of_o the_o place_n yet_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n unto_o which_o they_o be_v arrive_v because_o that_o it_o be_v not_o less_o subject_n to_o error_n especial_o the_o air_n and_o sea_n be_v tranquillous_a may_v be_v exempt_v from_o this_o fallacy_n but_o from_o that_o alone_o the_o place_n itself_o be_v not_o find_v on_o the_o map_n or_o earth_n but_o a_o second_o be_v require_v viz._n either_o a_o distance_n from_o another_o place_n give_v or_o a_o rhombe_n by_o which_o they_o sail_v from_o the_o give_v place_n to_o that_o or_o lasty_a the_o longitude_n of_o that_o place_n from_o this_o we_o have_v say_v that_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o way_n make_v or_o distance_n be_v uncertain_a as_o also_o that_o of_o the_o rhombs_n therefore_o they_o return_v back_o to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n for_o the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n be_v know_v the_o place_n itself_o be_v find_v on_o the_o map_n and_o determine_v on_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n require_v the_o solution_n of_o this_o problem_n to_o the_o make_v up_o of_o its_o perfection_n viz._n to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n where_o we_o be_v at_o any_o time_n and_o on_o any_o day_n the_o prize_n be_v propound_v let_v he_o win_v who_o can_v a_o map_n or_o general_n carte_n of_o the_o world_n design_v in_o two_o plain_a hemispher_n by_o mounseur_fw-fr sanson_n geograph_n r_o to_o the_o french_a king_n and_o render_v into_o english_a and_o illustrated_n with_o figure_n by_o richard_n blome_n by_o the_o king_n especial_a command_n to_o the_o high_a and_o mighty_a monarch_n charles_n the_o secâ—â—â—_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o england_n scotland_n france_n and_o ireland_n defendor_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n this_o map_n in_o all_o humility_n be_v dedicate_v by_o your_o majesty_n obedient_a subject_n and_o sarvant_n richard_n blome_n a_o geographical_a description_n of_o the_o world_n take_v from_o the_o work_n of_o the_o famous_a mounseur_fw-fr sanson_n late_a geographer_n to_o the_o present_a french_a king_n to_o which_o be_v add_v about_o a_o hundred_o geographical_a and_o hydrographical_a table_n of_o the_o kingdom_n country_n and_o isle_n in_o the_o world_n with_o their_o chief_a city_n and_o seaport_n draw_v from_o the_o map_n of_o the_o say_v mounseur_fw-fr sanson_n and_o according_a to_o the_o method_n of_o the_o say_a description_n illustrate_v with_o map_n the_o second_o part._n by_o richard_n blome_n print_a in_o the_o year_n 1680._o geographical_a table_n on_o or_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o map_n of_o the_o world_n aught_o to_o be_v understand_v and_o note_v ten_o point_n of_o which_o four_o be_v call_v cardinal_n point_n as_o the_o north_n or_o the_o pole_n arctic_a the_o south_n or_o the_o pole_n antarctic_a the_o east_n the_o west_n four_o be_v call_v collateral_a point_n as_o the_o east_n of_o the_o summer_n the_o east_n of_o the_o winter_n the_o west_n of_o the_o summer_n the_o west_n of_o the_o winter_n and_o two_o as_o above_o and_o under_o we_o as_o the_o zenith_n the_o nadir_n ten_o circle_n or_o line_n of_o which_o five_o be_v parallel_n the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o the_o aequinoctial_a or_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o two_o tropic_n as_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n the_o two_o polar_a circle_n as_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o pole_n arctic_a the_o circle_n of_o the_o pole_n antarctic_a five_o other_o be_v different_a the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o as_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o zodiac_n as_o the_o ecliptic_a the_o horizon_n as_o the_o horizon_n rational_a the_o horizon_n sensible_a or_o visible_a the_o parallel_n or_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o meridian_n or_o the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n two_o colour_n in_o which_o be_v 4_o point_n which_o note_v our_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n to_o wit_n above_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o aequinox_n as_o the_o spring_n the_o autumn_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o solstice_n as_o the_o summer_n the_o winter_n three_o sort_n of_o zone_n in_o which_o be_v five_o to_o wit_v one_o torrid_a or_o the_o parch_a two_o temperate_a as_o the_o temperate_a arctic_a or_o northern_o the_o temperate_a antarctic_a or_o southern_o two_o freeze_a or_o cold_a as_o the_o freeze_a arctic_a or_o northern_o the_o freeze_a antarctic_a or_o southern_o three_o sort_n of_o shadow_n which_o diverse_o receive_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o five_o zone_n for_o they_o be_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n amphisciens_fw-la in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n northern_o northern_a heterosciens_fw-fr southern_o southern_a heterosciens_fw-fr in_o the_o freeze_a zone_n northern_o northern_a perisciens_fw-fr southern_o southern_a perisciens_fw-fr three_o sort_n of_o position_n as_o the_o inhabitant_n about_o the_o same_o parallel_n opposite_a in_o meridian_n be_v perioeciens_fw-la the_o inhabitant_n about_o one_o meridian_n oppose_v in_o their_o parallel_n be_v antoeciens_fw-la the_o inhabitant_n oppose_v both_o in_o meridian_n and_o in_o parallel_n be_v antipode_n the_o climate_n of_o which_o the_o ancient_n first_o make_v seven_o which_o they_o call_v by_o the_o most_o famous_a place_n sea_n and_o river_n by_o which_o they_o pass_v as_o dia_z that_o be_v through_z meroes_n dia_z sienes_n dia_z alexandrias_n dia_z rhodou_n dia_z pontou_n dia_z boristenon_n then_o mâ—e_v in_o add_v dia_z ripheon_a dia_z danias_n the_o modern_n make_v 30_o to_o wit_n between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o polar_a circle_n 24_o by_o half_a hour_n between_o the_o polar_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n 6_o by_o month_n the_o parallel_n which_o be_v follow_v the_o ancient_n 14_o between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o polar_a circle_n 48_o by_o quarter_n of_o hour_n follow_v the_o modern_n 60_o between_o the_o polar_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n 12_o by_o fourteen_o day_n the_o wind_n whereof_o the_o 4_o first_o and_o whereof_o the_o name_n be_v monosyllable_n shall_v be_v call_v cardinal_n wind_n as_o north_n south_n east_n west_n 4_o second_o and_o whereof_o the_o name_n be_v of_o two_o syllable_n and_o compose_v of_o two_o of_o the_o four_o first_o shall_v be_v call_v collateral_a wind_n as_o north-east_n northwest_n southeast_n south-west_n 8_o three_o and_o have_v their_o name_n of_o three_o syllable_n compose_v of_o one_o of_o the_o four_o first_o and_o of_o one_o of_o the_o four_o second_o as_o north_n north-east_n north_n northwest_n south_n southeast_n south_n south-west_n east_n north-east_n east_n south-west_n west_n northwest_n west_n south-west_n north_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o north-east_n north_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o northwest_n north-east_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o north_n northwest_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o north._n 16_o fourths_o take_v their_o name_n from_o four_o first_o or_o four_o second_o in_o say_v of_o one_o four_o part_n by_o the_o other_o and_o that_o without_o have_v regard_n to_o the_o eight_o three_o wind_n etc._n etc._n as_o it_o be_v south_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o southeast_n south_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o south-west_n southeast_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o south_n south-west_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o south_n east_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o north-east_n east_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o southeast_n north-east_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o east_n southeast_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o east_n west_n and_o a_o
saturday_n maxfield_n maxfield_n maxfield_n or_o macclesfield_n seat_v near_o a_o forest_n so_o call_v a_o very_a fair_a and_o large_a town_n grace_v with_o a_o goodly_a church_n which_o have_v a_o high_a spire_n steeple_n adjoin_v to_o which_o be_v a_o college_n the_o inhabitant_n drive_v a_o great_a trade_n in_o make_v of_o button_n and_o its_o market_n which_o be_v on_o mondays_n be_v well_o serve_v with_o corn_n provision_n etc._n etc._n describe_v cornwall_n describe_v cornwall_n encompass_v on_o all_o part_n except_o on_o the_o east_n by_o devonshire_n with_o the_o sea_n which_o thrust_v forth_o its_o several_a arm_n and_o receive_v those_o many_o river_n which_o plentiful_o water_v the_o county_n as_o the_o foy_n newton_n dranes_n lo_o â—â—nla_o seaton_n 'loo_o liner_n tavy_n and_o tame_a it_o be_v of_o a_o sharp_a but_o healthful_a air_n general_o very_o hilly_a consist_v ordinary_o of_o rock_n and_o shelf_n but_o crust_v over_o with_o a_o shallow_a earth_n and_o more_o inoline_v to_o sterility_n than_o sertility_n but_o the_o part_n towards_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o enclosure_n about_o the_o town_n through_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o husbandman_n be_v more_o sertil_a bear_v good_a crop_n and_o feed_v store_n of_o cattle_n it_o afford_v great_a store_n of_o game_n both_o for_o the_o hawk_n and_o hound_n and_o its_o sea_n and_o river_n plenty_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o fish_n and_o fowl_n as_o well_o those_o common_a to_o other_o county_n as_o appropriate_v to_o themselves_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v quarry_n of_o sundry_a sort_n of_o useful_a stone_n and_o slate_n for_o building_n also_o copper_n precious_a stone_n call_v cornish_a diamond_n but_o chief_o tin_n which_o be_v here_o find_v in_o great_a plenty_n to_o the_o great_a inrichment_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o as_o to_o their_o name_n and_o language_n hold_v great_a affinity_n with_o the_o welsh_a the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v know_v to_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o danmonti_n and_o become_v afterward_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n this_o county_n be_v sever_v into_o 9_o hundred_o in_o which_o be_v number_v 161_o parish_n church_n and_o have_v intercourse_n of_o traffic_n with_o 23_o market_n to_n launston_n seat_v on_o a_o eminency_n and_o on_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o tame_a launston_n launston_n a_o large_a town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o a_o major_n and_o his_o brethren_n and_o among_o other_o immunity_n elect_v parliament_n man_n it_o be_v a_o place_n well_o inhabit_v enjoy_v a_o good_a trade_n and_o the_o more_o as_o be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o assize_n be_v hold_v and_o it_o be_v market_n which_o be_v on_o saturday_n be_v well_o serve_v with_o provision_n adâ—oyning_v to_o this_o town_n be_v a_o ancient_a castle_n seat_v on_o a_o great_a eminency_n and_o encompass_v at_o the_o top_n with_o a_o treble_a wall_n where_o there_o be_v a_o college_n of_o canon_n and_o secular_a priest_n the_o low_a part_n now_o comprise_v a_o decay_a chapel_n a_o large_a hall_n and_o a_o place_n make_v use_v of_o for_o the_o common_a goal_n liskerd_fw-mi a_o town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o a_o major_n 8_o magistrate_n liskerd_n liskerd_n a_o recorder_n and_o other_o sub-officer_n elect_v parliament_n man_n have_v a_o eminent_a free_a school_n and_o be_v a_o large_a well_o inhabit_v and_o frequent_v town_n who_o market_n on_o saturdays_n be_v well_o serve_v with_o corn_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o provision_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n drive_v a_o considerable_a trade_n for_o tarn_n every_o market-day_n bodman_n seat_v in_o a_o bottom_n between_o two_o high_a hill_n bodman_n bodman_n which_o render_v it_o not_o very_o healthful_a especial_o to_o new_a comer_n it_o be_v large_a a_o indifferent_a well_o build_v and_o inhabit_v town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o a_o major_n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n and_o have_v a_o great_a market_n on_o saturdays_n for_o corn_n and_o provision_n listhyel_fw-mi or_o listwithiel_n seat_v on_o the_o foy_n not_o far_o from_o its_o fall_n into_o foyhaven_n listhyel_n listhyel_n which_o former_o bring_v up_o vessel_n to_o the_o town_n but_o its_o channel_n be_v choke_v up_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o tin-mine_n be_v a_o great_a obstruction_n to_o its_o trade_n it_o be_v a_o town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o a_o major_n and_o his_o brethren_n elect_v parliament_n man_n have_v its_o part_n in_o the_o coinage_n of_o the_o tin_n but_o the_o goal_n for_o the_o whole_a stannery_n and_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o court_n be_v only_o here_o keep_v and_o have_v a_o small_a market_n on_o friday_n foy_fw-fr so_o call_v from_o its_o haven_n or_o arm_v of_o the_o sea_n on_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v foy_n foy_n be_v strong_o fortify_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o haven_n with_o blockhouse_n and_o in_o time_n past_a be_v a_o place_n very_o considerable_a for_o ship_n and_o traffic_n its_o market_n which_o be_v on_o saturday_n be_v very_o serve_v with_o corn_n and_o provision_n west-looe_a seat_v on_o a_o navigable_a creek_n over_o which_o it_o have_v a_o fair_a bridge_n west-loot_a west-loot_a which_o lead_v to_o east-looe_a more_o commodious_o seat_v where_o there_o be_v a_o indifferent_a good_a market_n on_o saturday_n they_o be_v both_o town_n corporate_a and_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n the_o chief_a benefit_n arise_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o town_n be_v their_o fish_n saltash_n seat_v on_o the_o descent_n of_o a_o steep_a hill_n a_o pretty_a large_a town_n corporate_a saltash_n saltash_n consist_v of_o 3_o street_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o major_n and_o 9_o alderman_n enjoy_v large_a immunity_n and_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n it_o be_v market_n be_v on_o saturday_n which_o of_o late_o be_v much_o decay_v to_o what_o it_o be_v â—oditoâ—_n 〈…〉_o â—oditoâ—_n yet_o its_o inhabitant_n gain_v well_o by_o their_o malt_n and_o good_a beer_n not_o far_o from_o this_o town_n be_v trematon_n castle_n once_o a_o place_n of_o great_a note_n in_o which_o be_v keep_v the_o trematon_n court_n wherein_o all_o cause_n within_o â—he_n say_v fee_n be_v try_v as_o also_o the_o prison_n padstow_n padstow_n padstow_n a_o seaport_n town_n of_o some_o trade_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o commodious_a situation_n with_o ireland_n and_o be_v its_o haven_n secure_a it_o will_v be_v of_o great_a account_n it_o be_v a_o borough_n town_n elect_v parliament_n man_n and_o have_v a_o good_a market_n for_o corn_n and_o provision_n on_o saturday_n falmouth_n falmouth_n falmouth_n at_o present_a a_o very_a large_a and_o well_o inhabit_v town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o major_n and_o sub_fw-la officer_n enjoy_v a_o good_a trade_n be_v well_o resort_v unto_o by_o ship_n where_o there_o be_v a_o key_n intend_v short_o to_o be_v build_v and_o have_v a_o very_a considerable_a market_n for_o corn_n and_o provision_n on_o thursdays_n the_o haven_n whereon_o this_o town_n be_v seat_v and_o bear_v its_o name_n be_v very_o commodious_a for_o ship_n and_o so_o capacious_a that_o 100_o sail_n of_o ship_n may_v safe_o ride_v at_o anchor_n and_o this_o haven_n with_o those_o of_o milford_n and_o plymouth_n be_v the_o chief_a in_o the_o kingdom_n on_o the_o west_n side_n and_o at_o the_o very_a entrance_n of_o this_o haven_n be_v pendennis_n castle_n seat_v on_o a_o hill_n so_o call_v and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n but_o of_o a_o low_a situation_n be_v st._n moze_n or_o maudit_fw-la both_o which_o be_v a_o great_a security_n to_o the_o coast_n and_o haven_n truro_n truro_n truro_n seat_v on_o a_o branch_n of_o falmouth_n haven_n at_o present_a the_o head_n town_n in_o the_o county_n be_v a_o fair_a large_a well_o inhabit_v and_o trade_a borough_n town_n privilege_v with_o a_o majoralty_n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n have_v the_o coinage_n of_o the_o tin_n be_v a_o place_n where_o the_o western_a session_n be_v hold_v and_o its_o market_n on_o wednesday_n and_o saturday_n be_v well_o serve_v with_o provision_n etc._n etc._n penrin_n penrin_n penrin_n seat_v also_o on_o a_o creek_n of_o falmouth-haven_n a_o very_a considerable_a toâ—en_o corporate_a elect_v parliament_n man_n and_o have_v weekly_o 3_o market_n viz._n on_o wednesdays_n friday_n and_o saturday_n for_o corn_n and_o on_o saturday_n for_o provision_n helston_n helston_n helston_n seat_v on_o the_o low_a between_o which_o and_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v a_o great_a breach_n or_o bar_v of_o sand._n it_o be_v a_o well_o inhabit_v and_o frequent_v town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o a_o major_n and_o alderman_n elect_v parliament_n man_n and_o its_o market_n on_o saturdays_n be_v well_o serve_v with_o provision_n and_o the_o two_o market_n before_o christmas_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o may_v be_v reckon_v as_o fair_n near_o this_o town_n be_v godolphin-hill_n well_o know_v for_o its_o rich_a tin_n mine_n penzance_n penzance_n penzance_n seat_v on_o monts-bay_n and_o in_o a_o
inlet_n thereof_o a_o very_a good_a trade_a town_n and_o have_v a_o considerable_a market_n for_o all_o provision_n especial_o fish_n on_o thursdays_n st._n juâ—â—_n ivos_fw-la st._n ivos_fw-la or_o st._n ithes_n seat_v on_o a_o open_a bay_n so_o call_v chief_o frequent_v by_o fisherman_n for_o the_o take_n of_o pilchard_n and_o other_o fish_n which_o be_v here_o plentiful_o catch_v it_o be_v a_o town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o a_o major_n a_o justice_n and_o 12_o alderman_n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n and_o have_v 2_o market_n weekly_o viz._n on_o wednesdays_n and_o saturday_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o man_n live_v here_o to_o a_o very_a great_a age_n and_o be_v strong_a hardy_a and_o addict_v to_o wrestle_v pitch_v the_o bar_n and_o other_o boisterous_a sport_n more_o than_o any_o other_o english_a man_n by_o helford_n be_v a_o great_a rock_n lie_v upon_o the_o ground_n the_o top_n whereof_o be_v hollow_a and_o fill_v with_o water_n which_o ebb_v and_o flow_v as_o the_o sea_n do_v there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a rock_n in_o this_o shire_n call_v mainamber_n which_o rest_v upon_o other_o small_a rock_n which_o with_o the_o push_n of_o a_o finger_n may_v be_v move_v but_o can_v be_v move_v out_o of_o its_o place_n by_o all_o the_o art_n man_n can_v use_v describe_v country_n of_o cumberland_n describe_v cumberland_n a_o county_n far_o engage_v northwards_o be_v very_o mountainous_a and_o much_o incline_v to_o sterility_n yet_o not_o without_o many_o fertile_a valley_n both_o for_o tillage_n and_o pasturnge_n it_o have_v a_o air_n very_o sharp_a and_o will_v be_v more_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o high_a hill_n that_o break_v off_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a storm_n in_o the_o howel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v rich_a mine_n of_o copper_n in_o great_a plenty_n also_o those_o of_o iron_n lead_v black-lead_a â—oal_n and_o some_o of_o silver_n and_o the_o sea_n and_o large_a lake_n and_o meers_n plentiful_o furnish_v the_o inhabitant_n with_o fish_n and_o fowl_n and_o beside_o these_o commodity_n this_o county_n produce_v several_a manufacture_n among_o which_o heretofore_o fustian_n and_o now_o linnen-cloth_n and_o course_n broad-cloth_n in_o great_a plenty_n the_o mountain_n of_o most_o note_n be_v black-koum_a hard-knot_n wrey-nose_n skiddow_n and_o crossfell_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v well_o water_v with_o rivers_n and_o have_v many_o lake_n and_o meers_n this_o shire_n of_o all_o other_o in_o england_n show_v the_o most_o roman_a antiquity_n for_o be_v in_o the_o utmost_a limit_n of_o their_o possession_n it_o be_v always_o secure_v by_o their_o garrison_n and_o defend_v by_o that_o admirable_a wall_z call_v the_o pict_n wall_n which_o run_v from_o sea_n to_o sea_n about_o 100_o mile_n and_o be_v 8_o foot_n broad_a and_o 12_o foot_n high_a and_o have_v at_o every_o 1000_o pace_n a_o watch-tower_n erect_v in_o which_o soldier_n be_v keep_v and_o on_o this_o wall_n grow_v the_o vulnerary_a plant._n and_o be_v thus_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o scotland_n it_o be_v exceed_o strengthen_v with_o castle_n have_v about_o 25_o public_a one_o beside_o the_o house_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n which_o be_v general_o build_v castle-wise_a it_o be_v sever_v into_o 5_o waâ—ds_n in_o which_o be_v 58_o parish_n church_n beside_o divers_a chapel_n of_o ease_n and_o have_v 15_o market_n to_n carlisle_z a_o city_n of_o great_a antiquity_n carlisle_n carlisle_n and_o no_o less_o pleasant_o than_o commodious_o seat_v at_o the_o influx_n or_o meeting_n of_o several_a river_n viz._n the_o eden_n cauda_fw-la and_o petterill_a which_o on_o all_o part_n except_o the_o south_n encompass_v it_o and_o for_o its_o further_a defence_n it_o be_v fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a and_o large_a castle_n and_o citadel_n and_o fence_v about_o with_o a_o strong_a wall_n first_o build_v by_o egfrid_n king_n of_o northumberland_n which_o be_v deface_v by_o the_o dane_n and_o again_o rebuilt_a by_o king_n rufus_n its_o house_n be_v fair_a and_o well_o build_v be_v beautify_v with_o a_o cathedral_n church_n of_o curious_a workmanship_n it_o enjoy_v several_a immunity_n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o major_n 12_o alderman_n 2_o bailiff_n and_o other_o sub-officer_n it_o be_v a_o place_n well_o inhabit_v and_o trade_v unto_o chief_o for_o fustian_n and_o its_o market_n which_o be_v on_o saturday_n be_v very_o considerable_a for_o corn_n wool_n provision_n and_o several_a country_n commodity_n cockermouth_n seat_v between_o the_o derwent_n and_o the_o coker_n cockermouth_n cockermouth_n which_o almost_o encompass_v it_o over_o which_o be_v two_o fair_a stone-bridge_n and_o between_o two_o hill_n upon_o one_o of_o which_o stand_v the_o church_n a_o fair_a building_n and_o upon_o the_o other_o a_o spacious_a and_o stately_a castle_n it_o be_v a_o well_o inhabit_v borough_n town_n grace_v with_o fair_a building_n enjoy_v a_o good_a trade_n especial_o for_o course_n broad-clothâ—_a here_o make_v have_v the_o election_n of_o parliament_n man_n and_o its_o market_n which_o be_v on_o mondays_n be_v esteem_v the_o best_a in_o the_o county_n for_o corn_n next_o to_o perith._n here_o be_v a_o custom_n at_o their_o fair_n hold_v at_o whitsuntide_n and_o martlemass_n for_o the_o hire_v of_o servant_n to_o which_o end_n all_o such_o that_o want_v servant_n or_o service_n do_v hither_o come_v the_o like_a be_v observe_v at_o perith_n and_o most_o of_o the_o market-town_n in_o the_o county_n whithaven_n seat_v on_o a_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n whithaven_n whithaven_n indifferent_a commodious_a for_o ship_n which_o make_v it_o to_o be_v well_o inhabit_v and_o frequent_v by_o tradesman_n especial_o by_o fisherman_n and_o those_o that_o be_v relate_v to_o sea-affair_n who_o drive_v a_o good_a trade_n to_o ireland_n scotland_n chester_n bristol_n and_o other_o part_n have_v a_o custom-house_n and_o several_a vessel_n belong_v to_o the_o town_n who_o chief_a trade_n be_v for_o salt_n and_o coal_n here_o plentiful_o dig_v up_o it_o be_v market_n be_v keep_v thursdays_n kavenglass_n a_o well_o build_v maritime_a town_n couch_v betwixt_o the_o river_n irt_n ravenglass_n ravenglass_n esk_n and_o mite_n with_o which_o the_o sea_n do_v encompass_v 3_o part_n of_o it_o and_o be_v a_o good_a road_n for_o ship_n which_o make_v it_o to_o be_v a_o place_n of_o some_o trade_n and_o have_v a_o market_n on_o saturday_n keswick_n seat_v in_o a_o valley_n keswick_n keswick_n hem_v in_o with_o hill_n and_o the_o mountain_n call_v derwent_n fell_n wherein_o be_v good_a coppermine_n and_o not_o far_o from_o the_o town_n be_v dug_n up_o black-lead_a or_o wadd_a in_o great_a plenty_n the_o town_n be_v former_o of_o great_a account_n than_o now_o it_o be_v when_o the_o mineral-man_n have_v here_o their_o smelting-house_n be_v at_o present_a not_o very_o considerable_a it_o have_v a_o market_n on_o saturday_n chief_o for_o meal_n flesh_n butter_n and_o cheese_n perith_n seat_v on_o a_o hill_n call_v perith_n fall_v perith._n perith._n and_o near_o the_o river_n eimont_n and_o lowther_n a_o large_a well_o build_v and_o inhabit_v town_n esteem_v the_o second_o in_o the_o county_n although_o neither_o a_o borough_n nor_o town_n corporate_a it_o be_v adorn_v with_o a_o fair_a church_n and_o a_o large_a marketplace_n which_o every_o tuesday_n be_v very_o much_o resort_v unto_o be_v considerable_a for_o corn_n live_v cattle_n divers_a commodity_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o provision_n in_o great_a plenty_n describe_v derbyshire_n describe_v derbyshire_n a_o midland_n county_n but_o incline_v towards_o the_o north_n which_o make_v it_o to_o be_v of_o a_o sharp_a air_n especial_o upon_o the_o peak_n mountain_n the_o soil_n be_v general_o fertile_a chief_o the_o south_n and_o east_n part_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v enclose_v and_o improve_v yield_v good_a corn_n and_o grass_n and_o have_v also_o store_n of_o coal_n and_o ironstone_n the_o north_n and_o west_n part_n be_v very_o hilly_a and_o stony_a and_o not_o so_o fertile_a except_o in_o lead-oar_n in_o which_o it_o much_o abound_v yet_o not_o without_o some_o rich_a valley_n and_o on_o the_o hill_n be_v breed_v good_a though_o not_o large_a sheep_n in_o great_a abundance_n for_o fuel_n it_o be_v not_o behold_v to_o wood_n have_v such_o great_a plenty_n of_o coal_n that_o it_o supply_v the_o defect_n of_o divers_a neighbour_a county_n it_o be_v well_o water_v with_o rivers_n viz._n the_o trent_n derwent_n dove_n and_o wye_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o be_v pass_v over_o by_o about_o 21_o stone-bridge_n some_o of_o which_o be_v of_o considerable_a note_n as_o burton_n over_o the_o trent_n sustain_v by_o 35_o large_a stone-arche_n swarkeston-bridge_n over_o the_o fame_n river_n repute_v near_o a_o mile_n long_o but_o much_o of_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o causeway_n than_o a_o bridge_n monks-bridge_n over_o the_o dove_n and_o st._n marys-bridge_n at_o derby_n over_o the_o
and_o those_o estate_n which_o we_o will_v comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o sian_n be_v to_o the_o north_n of_o pegu._n we_o may_v consider_v they_o in_o two_o principal_a part_n of_o which_o one_o shall_v retain_v the_o name_n of_o sian_n and_o the_o other_o that_o of_o malacca_n this_o latter_a be_v a_o peninsula_n which_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o latitude_n unto_o the_o 11_o or_o 12_o from_o whence_o the_o first_o advance_v itself_o into_o the_o main_a land_n unto_o the_o 19_o or_o 20_o degree_n on_o this_o side_n the_o equator_fw-la extent_n it_o be_v extent_n they_o reach_v then_o each_o 250_o and_o together_o 4_o or_o 500_o league_n from_o south_n to_o north._n but_o the_o peninsula_n of_o malacca_n be_v very_o straight_o not_o be_v above_o 10_o or_o 12_o league_n broad_a in_o the_o isthmus_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o sian_n in_o other_o place_n 20_o 30_o 40_o and_o some_o time_n 80._o sian_n be_v almost_o of_o a_o equal_a length_n and_o breadth_n under_o the_o name_n of_o sian_n separate_v from_o the_o peninsula_n of_o malacca_n we_o comprehend_v the_o kingdom_n of_o sian_n martaban_n jangoma_n and_o camboya_n under_o the_o name_n of_o malacca_n those_o of_o tanacerin_n juncalaon_n singora_n queda_n pera_n patane_n pan_n malacca_n ihor_n and_o other_o as_o in_o the_o geographical_a table_n sian_a the_o chief_a place_n of_o the_o particular_a sian_a the_o kingdom_n of_o sian_n especial_o so_o call_v have_v several_a city_n of_o note_n viz._n first_o odiaa_o which_o some_o call_v sian_a the_o metropolis_n be_v a_o city_n of_o a_o large_a extent_n a_o place_n of_o so_o great_a strength_n that_o in_o 1567._o they_o stout_o defend_v themselves_o against_o a_o army_n of_o 1400000_o fight_a man_n which_o the_o king_n of_o pegu_n bring_v against_o they_o for_o twenty_o month_n together_o by_o reason_n of_o which_o together_o with_o several_a other_o mutation_n that_o have_v since_o happen_v among_o they_o the_o city_n have_v be_v much_o eclipse_v of_o its_o former_a beauty_n splendour_n and_o riches_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o commodious_a situation_n on_o the_o river_n menam_n be_v still_o a_o place_n of_o great_a trade_n and_o commerce_n be_v rich_a and_o populous_a the_o house_n be_v build_v very_o high_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o annual_a overflow_a of_o this_o river_n about_o the_o month_n of_o march_n so_o that_o it_o cover_v the_o earth_n for_o about_o 120_o mile_n in_o compass_n which_o render_v these_o country_n very_o fruitful_a as_o the_o nile_n do_v egypt_n during_o this_o inundation_n its_o inhabitant_n retire_v to_o the_o upper_a room_n of_o their_o house_n and_o to_o every_o house_n there_o be_v a_o boat_n or_o other_o vessel_n belong_v by_o which_o mean_n they_o negotiate_v their_o affair_n until_o the_o river_n return_v to_o her_o usual_a bound_n trade_n its_o commodity_n and_o trade_n the_o principal_a commodity_n of_o this_o city_n or_o indeed_o of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v cotton-linnen_n of_o several_a sort_n benjamin_n lacque_fw-la of_o which_o they_o make_v excellent_a hard_a wax_n also_o that_o costly_a wood_n which_o the_o portugal_n call_v palo_n dangula_n and_o calamba_n which_o be_v weigh_v against_o silver_n and_o gold_n for_o 〈◊〉_d perfume_v and_o the_o wood_n sapon_n use_v by_o dyer_n also_o spice_n some_o drug_n diamond_n gold_n camphora_n bezar-stone_n musk_n porcelaine_n and_o last_o that_o excellent_a wine_n or_o distil_v liquod_fw-la which_o they_o call_v nipe_n which_o they_o make_v of_o cocos_fw-la or_o indian_a nut_n be_v of_o great_a esteem_n over_o all_o india_n and_o elsewhere_o it_o be_v other_o place_n be_v bankock_n note_v for_o excellent_a pepper_n lugor_n seat_v on_o the_o seashore_n and_o socotay_n famous_a for_o have_v a_o temple_n only_o make_v of_o metal_n which_o be_v 80_o span_n high_a and_o answerable_a in_o length_n and_o breadth_n be_v adorn_v with_o abundance_n of_o idol_n build_v by_o one_o of_o their_o king_n at_o his_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n etc._n martaban_n its_o commodity_n etc._n etc._n the_o kingdom_n of_o martaban_n towards_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n be_v contiguous_a to_o pegu_n to_o which_o it_o have_v be_v subject_a at_o present_a be_v to_o sian_n this_o kingdom_n have_v many_o port_n frequent_v for_o trade_n for_o beside_o its_o grain_n fruit_n oil_n and_o medicinal_a herb_n it_o be_v rich_a in_o mine_n of_o gold_n silver_n iron_n lead_v steel_n and_o copper_n it_o have_v ruby_n lacques_n and_o benjamin_n etc._n etc._n and_o they_o make_v vessel_n of_o earth_n which_o they_o call_v martabanes_n of_o which_o some_o be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o hold_v a_o bushel_n this_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o porcelain_n varnish_v with_o black_a and_o wherein_o they_o keep_v water_n wine_n oil_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o liquor_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n they_o be_v esteem_v in_o all_o the_o east_n commodity_n jangoma_fw-it and_o its_o commodity_n jangoma_fw-it on_o the_o confine_n of_o pegu_n siam_n and_o brama_n have_v be_v subject_a or_o tributary_n sometime_o to_o one_o and_o sometime_o to_o another_o it_o have_v gold_n silver_n copper_n musk_n cotton_n of_o which_o they_o make_v manufacture_n pepper_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v people_n be_v more_o addict_v to_o horse_n than_o foot_n service_n camboja_n be_v the_o last_o and_o most_o southerly_a part_n of_o the_o peninsula_n camboja_n camboja_n which_o be_v between_o the_o gulf_n of_o sian_a and_o cochin-china_n the_o principal_a city_n be_v ravecca_n and_o camboja_n of_o which_o the_o kingdom_n take_v it_o name_n which_o be_v under_o the_o 10_o or_o 11_o degree_n of_o latitude_n and_o on_o the_o principal_a and_o most_o eastern_o branch_v of_o the_o river_n menam_n which_o as_o it_o be_v believe_v come_v from_o china_n but_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v from_o some_o region_n former_o subject_a to_o or_o which_o be_v part_n of_o china_n people_n it_o be_v people_n the_o people_n in_o their_o manner_n and_o custom_n resemble_v those_o of_o sian_a who_o subject_n they_o have_v be_v and_o who_o tributary_n yet_o late_o they_o be_v malacca_n etc._n peninsula_n of_o malacca_n its_o part_n commodity_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o peninsula_n of_o malacca_n be_v divers_a kingdom_n which_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o geographical_a table_n which_o all_o except_o the_o city_n of_o malacca_n be_v likewise_o tributary_n to_o that_o of_o sian_n tenasserin_n be_v a_o country_n of_o trade_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o archipelago_n which_o contain_v several_a island_n and_o of_o its_o isthmus_n which_o facilitate_v the_o transportation_n of_o merchant_n from_o one_o sea_n to_o another_o and_o of_o its_o port_n which_o be_v commodious_a it_o be_v other_o place_n be_v juncalaon_n zueda_n pera_n and_o malacca_n all_o which_o place_n afford_v nipe_n of_o burn_a wine_n commodity_n ihor_n its_o chief_a place_n and_o commodity_n ihor_n be_v beyond_o cape_n de_fw-fr sincapura_n and_o on_o the_o utmost_a point_n of_o the_o peninsula_n it_o be_v chief_a city_n be_v take_v and_o ruin_v by_o the_o portugal_n in_o 1603_o who_o take_v from_o thence_o 1500_o brass_n cannon_n the_o king_n of_o ihor_n for_o revenge_v besiege_v malacca_n in_o 1606_o with_o 60000_o man_n but_o be_v constrain_v to_o raise_v his_o siege_n there_o be_v some_o petty_a king_n which_o be_v his_o tributary_n pahang_n have_v lignum_fw-la aquila_n and_o calamba_n near_o to_o that_o of_o cochin-china_n of_o camphire_n like_v to_o that_o of_o borneo_n gold_n but_o of_o a_o low_a alloy_n than_o we_o petra_n porea_fw-la of_o near_a as_o much_o virtue_n as_o the_o bezoar_n against_o poison_n diamond_n nutmeg_n mace_n etc._n etc._n trade_n patane_n and_o its_o trade_n patane_n within_o few_o year_n be_v grow_v famous_a the_o kingdom_n be_v frequent_v by_o divers_a nation_n particular_o by_o the_o chinois_n who_o bring_v thither_o porcelaine_v divers_a manufacture_n and_o instrument_n of_o husbandry_n instead_o of_o which_o they_o carry_v back_o timber_n for_o building_n cordage_n make_v of_o cocos_fw-la rice_n and_o divers_a skin_n etc._n etc._n the_o pepper_n be_v excellent_a but_o dear_a than_o at_o bantam_n their_o saroyboura_a that_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o swallow_n nest_n which_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o in_o cochin-china_n be_v much_o seek_v after_o the_o soil_n be_v good_a produce_v fruit_n every_o month_n in_o the_o year_n their_o hen_n duck_n and_o goose_n often_o lay_v egg_n twice_o a_o day_n among_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o fowl_n they_o have_v white_a heron_n and_o turtle_n of_o various_a colour_n like_o paroquetoe_n patane_n singora_n brodelong_v and_o ligor_fw-la be_v on_o the_o same_o gulf_n which_o may_v be_v call_v also_o by_o patana_n and_o make_v part_n of_o that_o of_o sian_a patane_n and_o ligor_fw-la towards_o the_o two_o end_n singora_n and_o brodelong_v in_o the_o midst_n and_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o this_o gulf_n and_o these_o two_o last_o be_v head_n city_n of_o province_n
gueye_v timocove_n etc._n etc._n who_o have_v in_o part_n take_v and_o receive_v the_o manner_n and_o barbarousness_n of_o the_o tartar_n their_o neighbour_n place_n its_o part_n and_o chief_a place_n cochin-china_n likewise_o be_v divide_v into_o chiampaa_n and_o cochin-china_n chiampaa_o between_o camboja_n and_o cochin-china_n regard_v the_o isle_n of_o sonde_n towards_o the_o south_n the_o philippines_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o touch_v on_o tunquin_n to_o the_o north._n it_o be_v principal_a city_n bear_v the_o same_o name_n according_a to_o most_o author_n but_o according_a to_o other_o pulocacein_o it_o have_v nothing_o which_o be_v not_o common_a to_o cochin-china_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o cochin-china_n particular_o take_v be_v better_a know_v than_o all_o the_o neighbour_a country_n because_o it_o be_v whole_o upon_o the_o sea_n have_v 150_o league_n of_o coast_n and_o not_o above_o 40_o or_o 50_o in_o breadth_n between_o the_o mountain_n of_o kemois_n a_o barbarous_a people_n and_o the_o sea_n its_o province_n be_v descend_v from_o north_n to_o south_n sinuva_n cacciam_fw-la quangiva_fw-la quingin_n or_o pulacambis_n and_o ranran_n the_o two_o first_o touch_n upon_o tunquin_n the_o last_o touch_n on_o the_o kingdom_n of_o chiampaa_n the_o king_n make_v his_o ordinary_a residence_n in_o the_o province_n of_o sinuva_n or_o at_o cacciam_fw-la city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n with_o their_o province_n people_n it_o be_v fertility_n commodity_n temperature_n and_o people_n all_o the_o country_n be_v fertile_a abound_v in_o rice_n fruit_n and_o herb_n breed_v many_o fowl_n and_o beast_n and_o the_o sea_n excellent_a fish_n it_o produce_v cinnamon_n pepper_n lignum_fw-la aquilae_fw-la calamba_n and_o benjamin_n it_o be_v temperature_n be_v pleasant_a though_o under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o air_n healthful_a and_o the_o soil_n so_o abundant_a in_o all_o thing_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v no_o knowledge_n either_o of_o contagion_n or_o famine_n they_o have_v gold_n silver_n silk_n porcelain_n and_o divers_a other_o valuable_a commodity_n all_o sort_n of_o nation_n frequent_v its_o coast_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o goodness_n of_o its_o port_n and_o because_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v courteous_a liberal_a kind_a to_o stranger_n and_o faithful_a in_o their_o deal_n they_o be_v courageous_a and_o more_o warlike_a than_o those_o of_o tunquin_n or_o china_n handle_v all_o sort_n of_o arm_n with_o no_o small_a activity_n they_o be_v idolater_n christianity_n be_v introduce_v in_o 1620_o and_o begin_v to_o flourish_v but_o their_o king_n have_v of_o date_n very_o much_o persecute_v they_o among_o the_o particularity_n and_o rarity_n of_o the_o country_n we_o must_v place_v the_o lutt_n a_o inundation_n which_o in_o autumn_n cover_v with_o its_o water_n almost_o all_o the_o country_n it_o renew_v from_o 15_o to_o 15_o day_n remain_v only_o 3_o day_n at_o a_o time_n make_v the_o earth_n so_o fruitful_a that_o it_o bring_v forth_o its_o increase_n twice_o or_o thrice_o a_o year_n their_o saroyboura_a find_v several_a rarity_n here_o find_v or_o matter_n wherewith_o certain_a swallow_n make_v their_o nest_n which_o after_o those_o bird_n leave_v dry_a and_o harden_a they_o gather_v in_o great_a quantity_n which_o be_v steep_v and_o moisten_v in_o water_n serve_v for_o sauce_n to_o all_o sort_n of_o meat_n and_o as_o former_o manna_n communicate_v such_o a_o variety_n of_o taste_n that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v compose_v of_o cinnamon_n clove_n pepper_n and_o other_o spice_n their_o lignum_fw-la aquilae_fw-la and_o calamba_n come_v from_o the_o same_o tree_n the_o first_o from_o the_o trunk_n of_o a_o young_a tree_n the_o last_o from_o the_o trunk_n of_o a_o old_a tree_n but_o this_o last_o be_v much_o more_o esteem_v than_o the_o other_o both_o for_o its_o odour_n and_o virtue_n a_o pound_n of_o it_o on_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v beat_v down_o be_v worth_a 5_o ducat_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o port_n 15_o or_o 16_o and_o if_o transport_v to_o japan_n 200._o if_o some_o piece_n be_v find_v to_o make_v a_o whole_a pillar_n it_o be_v worth_a 3_o or_o 400_o ducat_n the_o pound_n the_o lignum_fw-la aquilae_fw-la among_o other_o thing_n serve_v to_o burn_v the_o dead_a body_n of_o their_o king_n prince_n and_o priest_n burn_v wood_n as_o heavy_a as_o iron_n and_o which_o consume_v not_o except_o burn_v among_o the_o wood_n they_o use_v for_o building_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n which_o they_o call_v uncorruptible_a whether_o in_o water_n or_o earth_n their_o tree_n they_o call_v thin_n the_o wood_n of_o the_o one_o be_v near_o as_o black_a as_o ebony_n the_o other_o near_o the_o colour_n of_o yew_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o take_v out_o of_o the_o bark_n be_v smooth_a and_o glib_a so_o solid_a and_o weighty_a that_o it_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n and_o serve_v also_o for_o anchor_n for_o ship_n they_o make_v pillar_n on_o which_o they_o erect_v their_o building_n and_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o lutt_n they_o drive_v joist_n and_o plank_n between_o those_o column_n and_o with_o cane_n and_o reed_n accommodate_v divers_a apartment_n which_o they_o take_v away_o in_o the_o time_n of_o those_o inundation_n that_o the_o water_n may_v run_v the_o free_a tunqvin_n the_o kingdom_n of_o tunqvin_n be_v part_n on_o the_o sea_n and_o part_n on_o the_o main_a land_n situation_n the_o kingdom_n of_o tunquin_n its_o bound_n extent_n and_o situation_n it_o bound_n on_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o gulf_n of_o cochin-china_n there_o where_o it_o divide_v china_n from_o cochin-china_n and_o have_v about_o 150_o league_n of_o coast_n on_o the_o land_n it_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o seventeen_o degree_n of_o latitude_n on_o this_o side_n the_o equator_fw-la unto_o the_o twenty_o three_o which_o be_v likewise_o 150_o league_n from_o north_n to_o south_n its_o breadth_n be_v only_o about_o 100_o league_n from_o east_n to_o west_n part_n its_o part_n this_o kingdom_n contain_v seven_o province_n of_o which_o the_o three_o most_o southern_o be_v bochin_n gehan_n and_o tinhoa_n the_o four_o most_o northern_o be_v beramar_n kedom_n kenam_n and_o kethay_n bochin_n touch_v on_o cochin-china_n and_o the_o two_o other_o advance_v along_o the_o gulf_n towards_o the_o north_n among_o the_o four_o last_o beramar_n and_o kedun_n be_v towards_o china_n kenan_n and_o kethay_n towards_o the_o people_n lay_v powerful_a the_o king_n very_o powerful_a the_o king_n of_o tunquin_n ordinary_o entertain_v a_o militia_n of_o 50000_o man_n take_v from_o the_o three_o southern_o province_n and_o pay_v by_o the_o four_o northern_a because_o these_o last_o late_o revolt_v and_o the_o other_o remain_v in_o obedience_n place_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n kecchio_n be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n where_o the_o king_n ordinary_o reside_v it_o be_v not_o above_o twenty_o mile_n in_o circuit_n but_o have_v a_o million_o of_o inhabitant_n some_o author_n will_v have_v it_o call_v tunquin_n that_o be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o west_n and_o that_o the_o kingdom_n take_v its_o name_n from_o it_o the_o land_n have_v beautiful_a plain_n and_o water_v with_o many_o great_a river_n which_o with_o the_o rain_n and_o melt_a of_o the_o snow_n which_o descend_v from_o the_o mountain_n that_o separate_v it_o from_o the_o lay_n the_o kingdom_n of_o ciocangue_n china_n and_o cochin-china_n make_v it_o fruitful_a by_o their_o inundation_n render_v it_o better_o and_o more_o abundant_a than_o cochin-china_n yet_o have_v it_o neither_o corn_n vines_n nor_o olive_n tree_n commodity_n it_o be_v fertiliy_v and_o commodity_n but_o they_o gather_v rice_n twice_o a_o year_n of_o which_o they_o make_v bread_n they_o fetch_v in_o wine_n and_o instead_o of_o oil_n make_v use_v of_o the_o matter_n take_v from_o swallow_n nest_n of_o which_o they_o have_v no_o less_o quantity_n than_o cochin-china_n they_o have_v neither_o ass_n nor_o sheep_n but_o many_o horse_n elephant_n and_o rhinocerote_n who_o flesh_n skin_n bone_n tooth_n nail_n and_o horn_n serve_v for_o antidote_n against_o poison_n they_o have_v so_o much_o pullain_n pigeon_n turtle_n and_o other_o fowl_n that_o they_o give_v they_o almost_o for_o nothing_o among_o their_o fruit_n they_o have_v fair_a pomegranate_n which_o beyond_o the_o ordinary_a excellency_n of_o that_o fruit_n have_v here_o a_o particular_a and_o delightful_a juice_n for_o fish_n they_o make_v account_n that_o in_o the_o season_n there_o daily_o go_v 10000_o bark_n out_o of_o their_o port_n to_o fish_n christianity_n they_o embrace_v christianity_n the_o catholic_n religion_n be_v so_o introduce_v here_o some_o year_n past_a that_o there_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v more_o than_o 200000_o christen_v soul_n 200_o great_a church_n and_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o chapel_n and_o oratory_n there_o have_v since_o happen_v divers_a change_n in_o these_o kingdom_n the_o portugal_n have_v several_a
on_o the_o top_n thereof_o grow_v certain_a string_n which_o resemble_v hair_n the_o great_a end_n of_o the_o branch_n appear_v like_o hand_n extend_v forth_o and_o the_o date_n as_o finger_n and_o so_o much_o for_o egypt_n libya_n interior_n which_o do_v comprehend_v zahara_n or_o saara_n with_o its_o part_n or_o province_n of_o zanhaga_n tegassa_n zuenziga_n zuenziga_n ziz_n ghir_n targa_n hair_n targa_n lempta_fw-la lempta_fw-la dighir_n agade_n berdoa_n berdoa_n borno_n borno_n kaugha_n amasen_n gaoga_n gaoga_fw-la the_o land_n of_o negro_n with_o its_o part_n or_o kingdom_n as_o they_o lie_v on_o this_o side_n the_o niger_n as_o gualata_n guadia_n angra_n arguya_n genehoa_o genehoa_o walade_n ganar_n samba-lamech_a tombut_n tombut_fw-la salla_n berissa_n guegneve_n agade_n agade_n deghir_n mura_n canum_fw-la canon_n tassana_n germa_n cassena_n cassena_n nebrina_n tirca_n gangara_n gangara_n semegonda_n between_o the_o branch_n and_o about_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o niger_n as_o jaloffe_n emboule_v lambaya_n yagoa_n bersola_n nabare_n besu_n catcheo_n boyla_fw-fr codan_n julieto_fw-la gambia_n casanguas_fw-la biafare_n emboule_v lambaya_n yagoa_n bersola_n nabare_n besu_n catcheo_n boyla_fw-fr codan_n julieto_fw-la beyond_o the_o niger_n as_o melli_fw-la melli._n sousos_n beria_n mandingue_n mandinga_n tocrur_n gago_n gago_n dau._n guber_n guber_n zegzeg_n zegzeg_fw-mi channara_n zanfara_fw-it zanfara_fw-mi reghebil_n guiny_n and_o regard_v the_o atlantic_a ocean_n with_o its_o part_n or_o kingdom_n of_o meleguette_n with_o its_o chief_a place_n as_o they_o lie_v on_o the_o sea_n as_o bugos_n timaa_n bagga_n serbora_n masfah_n faly_n hamaya_n samwyn_n crou_n and_o growaly_n within_o land_n as_o bolombere_v quinamora_n guiny_n particular_o so_o call_v or_o the_o ivory_n or_o gold_n coast_n with_o its_o chief_a place_n as_o they_o lie_v on_o the_o sea_n as_o tabo_fw-la taboe_n petoy_n wetoe_n moure_n nassau_n st._n george_n del_fw-it mina_n cormantir_n berku_n pompena_n within_o land_n as_o labour_n uxoo_o quinimburm_n acanes_n grandes_fw-fr dauma_n aâ—â—â—raus_n adios_fw-es st._n eaurenco_n zabandu_n buma_n roggis_n jamo_n benin_n with_o its_o chief_a place_n as_o they_o lie_v on_o the_o sea_n as_o popou_n jackeyn_fw-mi loebo_n fosko_fw-mi borli_fw-la bodi_n and_o cesge_n within_o land_n as_o bâ—din_n oâ—verre_n aâ—ovon_n and_o curamo_n zahara_n that_o be_v desert_n country_n zahara_n its_o name_n and_o description_n of_o the_o country_n in_o our_o africa_n or_o libya_n interior_n we_o have_v place_v zahara_n the_o country_n of_o the_o negro_n and_o gviny_n zahara_n be_v a_o arab_n name_n and_o signify_v desert_n and_o this_o name_n be_v take_v from_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o country_n so_o the_o arab_n divide_v the_o land_n into_o three_o sort_n cehel_n zahara_n and_o azgar_n cehel_n have_v only_a sand_n very_o small_a without_o any_o green_n zahara_n have_v gravel_n and_o little_a stone_n and_o but_o little_a green_n azgar_n have_v some_o marsh_n some_o grass_n and_o little_a shrub_n the_o country_n be_v general_o hot_a and_o dry_a it_o have_v almost_o no_o water_n except_o some_o few_o well_n and_o those_o salt_n if_o there_o fall_v great_a rain_n the_o land_n be_v much_o better_a but_o beside_o the_o leanness_n of_o the_o soil_n there_o be_v sometime_o such_o vast_a quantity_n of_o grasshopper_n that_o they_o eat_v and_o ruin_v all_o that_o the_o earth_n produce_v through_o this_o country_n the_o caravan_n pass_v which_o add_v no_o small_a advantage_n unto_o it_o it_o be_v so_o barren_a and_o ill_o inhabit_v that_o a_o man_n may_v travel_v above_o a_o week_n together_o without_o see_v a_o tree_n or_o scarce_o any_o grass_n as_o also_o without_o find_v any_o water_n and_o that_o water_n they_o have_v be_v draw_v out_o of_o pit_n which_o ofttimes_o be_v cover_v with_o sand_n and_o taste_v very_o brackish_a so_o that_o many_o time_n man_n die_v for_o want_v of_o it_o which_o know_v the_o defect_n those_o 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full_a breadth_n and_o all_o together_o make_v but_o the_o length_n of_o this_o desert_n zanhaga_n be_v most_o westward_o zanhaga_n zanhaga_n and_o touch_v the_o ocean_n with_o this_o desert_n be_v comprehend_v those_o of_o azaoad_n and_o tegazza_n this_o last_o yield_v salt_n like_o marble_n which_o be_v take_v from_o a_o rock_n and_o carry_v 2_o 3_o 4_o or_o 500_o league_n into_o the_o land_n of_o the_o negro_n and_o serve_v in_o some_o place_n for_o money_n and_o for_o this_o they_o buy_v their_o victual_n these_o people_n use_v it_o every_o moment_n let_v it_o melt_v in_o their_o mouth_n to_o hinder_v their_o gum_n from_o corrupt_v which_o often_o happen_v either_o because_o of_o the_o heat_n which_o continual_o reign_v or_o because_o their_o food_n corrupt_v in_o less_o than_o nothing_o in_o the_o desert_n of_o azaoad_n and_o in_o the_o way_n from_o dara_n to_o tombut_n be_v to_o be_v see_v two_o tomb_n the_o one_o of_o a_o rich_a merchant_n and_o the_o other_o of_o a_o carrier_n the_o merchant_n water_n be_v all_o go_v and_o ready_a to_o die_v for_o want_n buy_v of_o the_o carrier_n who_o have_v not_o overmuch_o one_o glass_n full_a for_o which_o he_o give_v he_o 10000_o ducat_n a_o poor_a little_a for_o so_o great_a a_o sum_n but_o what_o will_v not_o a_o man_n do_v in_o necessity_n yet_o at_o the_o end_n the_o carrier_n repent_v his_o bargain_n for_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o die_v for_o want_v of_o water_n before_o they_o can_v get_v out_o of_o the_o desert_n those_o near_o the_o sea_n have_v some_o trade_n with_o the_o portugal_n with_o who_o they_o change_v their_o gold_n of_o tibar_n for_o divers_a ware_n to_z the_o hono_fw-mi ble_o the_o governor_n sub_n governor_n deputy_n governor_n &_o court_n of_o assistant_n of_o the_o hono_n ble_o company_n of_o royal_a adventurer_n of_o england_n trade_v into_o africa_n this_o map_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v by_o ric._n blome_n â—frica_n or_o libya_n ulteriour_a where_o be_v the_o country_n of_o saara_n desert_n â—he_v country_n of_o negro_n and_o guine_a with_o the_o circumjacent_a country_n and_o kingdom_n design_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr sanson_n geographer_n to_o the_o french_a king_n and_o render_v into_o english_a by_o richard_n blome_n by_o the_o king_n especial_a command_n print_v for_o richard_n blome_n the_o country_n or_o desert_n of_o zvenziga_n zuenziga_n zuenziga_n under_o the_o name_n of_o which_o pass_v that_o of_o cogdenu_n and_o be_v more_o troublesome_a and_o dangerous_a than_o that_o of_o zanbaga_n as_o also_o more_o destitute_a of_o water_n and_o yet_o it_o have_v many_o people_n among_o other_o certain_a arab_n fear_v by_o all_o their_o neighbour_n and_o particular_o by_o the_o negro_n who_o those_o arab_n take_v and_o sell_v for_o slave_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o fez_n but_o in_o revenge_n when_o they_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o negro_n they_o be_v cut_v into_o so_o many_o piece_n that_o the_o big_a that_o remain_v be_v their_o two_o ear_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n be_v zuenziga_n and_o ghir_n the_o desert_n of_o targa_n or_o hair_n some_o esteem_v this_o last_o the_o name_n of_o the_o principal_a place_n targa_n targa_n and_o the_o other_o of_o the_o people_n be_v not_o so_o dry_a nor_o troublesome_a as_o the_o two_o other_o there_o be_v find_v many_o herb_n for_o pasture_n the_o soil_n indifferent_a fruitful_a and_o of_o a_o temperate_a air._n they_o have_v some_o well_n who_o water_n be_v good_a in_o the_o morning_n there_o fall_v store_n of_o manna_n which_o they_o find_v fresh_a and_o healthful_a of_o which_o they_o transport_v quantity_n to_o agade_n and_o other_o place_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n be_v targa_n and_o hair_n lempta_fw-la be_v likewise_o esteem_v the_o name_n of_o a_o people_n lempta_fw-la lempta_fw-la and_o its_o principal_a place_n also_o digir_n this_o desert_n be_v dry_a and_o more_o troublesome_a than_o that_o of_o targa_n and_o its_o people_n haughty_a brutish_a and_o dangerous_a to_o they_o that_o cross_v it_o go_v from_o constantina_n
ill_o people_v they_o fish_n for_o pearl_n in_o mer_n vermejo_n and_o on_o the_o east_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o california_n and_o likewise_o along_o and_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o new_a granada_n or_o new_a mexico_n place_n mark_v de_fw-fr niza_n a_o franciscan_a his_o relation_n of_o this_o place_n mark_v de_fw-fr niza_n a_o franciscan_a make_v a_o voyage_n into_o these_o part_n in_o 1529_o and_o at_o his_o return_n recount_v marvel_n of_o what_o he_o have_v see_v and_o understand_v of_o people_n that_o wear_v about_o their_o head_n piece_n of_o mother_n of_o pearl_n of_o divers_a province_n rich_a in_o gold_n of_o city_n and_o house_n well_o build_v who_o gate_n be_v adorn_v with_o turquoise_n and_o other_o stone_n that_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o cibola_n be_v great_a than_o mexico_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o marata_n acu_fw-la and_o tonteac_n be_v likewise_o very_o rich_a and_o powerful_a cornada_n also_o the_o description_n of_o these_o part_n by_o vasque_n de_fw-fr cornada_n the_o relation_n of_o this_o friar_n cause_v mendoza_n viceroy_n of_o mexico_n to_o send_v vasque_n de_fw-fr cornada_n governor_n of_o new_a gallicia_n to_o search_v out_o the_o truth_n who_o far_o from_o find_v the_o riches_n he_o hope_v for_o find_v only_a people_n naked_a very_o poor_a rude_a and_o barbarous_a some_o city_n he_o find_v indifferent_o well_o build_v but_o sad_o furnish_v assure_v we_o that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o which_o the_o friar_n have_v make_v so_o much_o account_n of_o be_v almost_o all_o imaginary_a tonteac_n be_v only_o a_o lake_n about_o which_o there_o be_v some_o few_o habitation_n marata_n a_o thing_n invisible_a and_o acu_fw-la a_o beggarly_a town_n in_o esteem_n among_o they_o only_o gather_v some_o cotton_n possible_o the_o friar_n say_v more_o than_o he_o have_v see_v that_o he_o may_v incite_v the_o spaniard_n to_o send_v some_o colony_n hither_o and_o have_v the_o mean_n to_o convert_v those_o people_n and_o cornada_n less_o because_o he_o find_v not_o that_o present_a profit_n which_o he_o do_v in_o his_o government_n however_o it_o be_v this_o contrariety_n with_o those_o we_o have_v observe_v touch_v the_o city_n of_o granada_n and_o the_o province_n of_o quivira_n and_o anian_n may_v make_v we_o see_v how_o dangerous_a it_o be_v to_o trust_v those_o that_o come_v from_o part_n so_o remote_a and_o unknown_a whatever_o specious_a or_o fair_a habit_n they_o wear_v or_o whatever_o good_a tongue_n they_o have_v or_o whatever_o protestation_n they_o make_v of_o truth_n the_o audience_n of_o guatemala_n the_o audience_n of_o gvatemala_n be_v between_o the_o sea_n deal_v nort_n and_o shall_fw-mi and_o between_o divers_a isthmus_n and_o tongue_n of_o land_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o most_o southern_o part_v of_o america_n septentrionalis_n its_o province_n be_v guatemala_n province_n its_o province_n soconusco_n chiapa_n verapax_n honduras_n nicaragua_n costarica_n and_o veragua_n describe_v the_o province_n of_o guatemala_n with_o its_o city_n describe_v gvatemala_n and_o soconusco_n be_v on_o the_o mere_n del_fw-it shall_fw-mi chiapa_fw-la within_o land_n verapax_n and_o honduras_n on_o the_o mere_n del_fw-it nort_n castaria_n nicaragua_n and_o veragua_n on_o both_o sea_n guatemala_n have_v 150_o league_n along_o the_o coast_n and_o advance_v within_o land_n 30_o or_o 40_o league_n here_o be_v build_v the_o city_n of_o st._n jago_n of_o guatemala_n st._n salvador_n or_o curcatlan_n la_fw-fr trinidad_n or_o conzonate_a st._n michael_n and_o xeres_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr frontera_n or_o chuluteca_n they_o be_v all_o upon_o or_o little_a distant_a from_o the_o sea_n guatemala_n be_v more_o advance_v within_o land_n and_o yet_o the_o principal_a be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o court_n of_o audience_n in_o 1541_o this_o city_n be_v almost_o overwhelm_v by_o a_o deluge_n of_o boil_a water_n which_o descend_v from_o that_o vulcan_n which_o be_v above_o and_o near_o the_o city_n throw_v down_o and_o tumble_v over_o all_o that_o it_o meet_v with_o as_o stones_z tree_n and_o building_n where_o it_o stifle_v many_o people_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o widow_n of_o he_o who_o have_v conquer_v and_o so_o ill_o treat_v that_o province_n the_o city_n be_v rebuilt_a far_o to_o the_o east_n and_o may_v have_v near_o 100_o house_n about_o 1000_o inhabitant_n and_o its_o country_n about_o 25000_o indian_n tributary_n a_o certain_a private_a person_n have_v once_o a_o strange_a fancy_n come_v in_o his_o head_n thereof_o a_o strange_a fancy_n of_o a_o private_a person_n in_o these_o part_n and_o the_o event_n thereof_o that_o there_o be_v a_o very_a rich_a mine_n of_o gold_n in_o this_o vulcan_n of_o guatemala_n and_o that_o he_o need_v but_o to_o find_v some_o way_n to_o put_v down_o a_o cauldron_n and_o draw_v out_o what_o he_o can_v wish_v for_o as_o one_o do_v water_n out_o of_o a_o well_o he_o undertake_v the_o enterprise_n and_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v great_a chain_n of_o iron_n and_o a_o great_a cauldron_n so_o strong_a that_o he_o believe_v the_o fire_n can_v not_o damage_v it_o he_o cause_v a_o way_n to_o be_v make_v to_o carry_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n his_o chain_n caularon_n and_o machines_n which_o be_v to_o serve_v to_o let_v down_o and_o draw_v up_o his_o cauldron_n full_a of_o gold_n which_o he_o believe_v to_o coin_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o mountain_n but_o he_o find_v the_o fire_n so_o violent_a that_o in_o less_o than_o a_o moment_n of_o time_n he_o have_v neither_o chain_n nor_o cauldron_n which_o so_o perplex_v he_o with_o grief_n and_o shame_n to_o see_v his_o own_o folly_n have_v not_o only_o spend_v all_o his_o own_o estate_n but_o the_o best_a part_n of_o his_o friend_n so_o that_o he_o will_v have_v precipitate_v himself_o into_o the_o mountain_n have_v he_o not_o be_v hinder_v but_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o die_v for_o anger_n and_o grief_n trade_n the_o sertility_n of_o this_o province_n withit_v commodity_n and_o trade_n the_o country_n be_v cold_a than_o the_o situation_n may_v bear_v and_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n have_v excellent_a balm_n liquid_a amber_n bezoar_n salt_n grain_n be_v full_a of_o rich_a pasture_n which_o be_v well_o stook_v with_o cattle_n plenty_n of_o cotton_n wool_n excellent_a sulphur_n store_n of_o medicinal_a drug_n and_o abundance_n of_o fruit_n among_o other_o caâ—ao_n in_o such_o great_a plenty_n that_o it_o yearly_o lade_v many_o vessel_n which_o be_v transport_v to_o other_o place_n the_o country_n be_v more_o incline_v to_o mountain_n than_o plain_n but_o well_o water_v with_o rivers_n the_o people_n be_v pusillanimous_a and_o fearful_a inhabitant_n its_o inhabitant_n the_o man_n be_v expert_a at_o the_o bow_n and_o the_o woman_n at_o the_o distaff_n they_o be_v more_o civil_a and_o embrace_v christianity_n more_o than_o their_o neighbour_a country_n do_v and_o be_v willing_a to_o receive_v advice_n from_o the_o spaniard_n who_o be_v their_o master_n describe_v the_o province_n of_o soconusco_n describe_v soconusco_n have_v only_o the_o little_a city_n of_o guevetlan_n on_o the_o coast_n and_o nothing_o of_o particular_a or_o worthy_a to_o be_v note_v in_o it_o only_o it_o have_v some_o grain_n feed_v some_o cattle_n its_o river_n have_v fish_n and_o its_o people_n more_o barbarous_a and_o rude_a describe_v the_o province_n of_o chiapa_n describe_v chiapa_n be_v not_o over_o fertile_a in_o grain_n nor_o fruit_n but_o the_o country_n well_o clothe_v with_o lofty_a tree_n and_o some_o of_o which_o yield_v rozin_n other_o precious_a gum_n and_o other_o bear_v leave_n that_o when_o they_o be_v dry_v into_o powder_n make_v a_o sovereign_a plaster_n for_o sore_n the_o country_n be_v full_a of_o snake_n and_o other_o venomous_a creature_n place_n of_o most_o note_n in_o this_o province_n be_v 1._o crudad-real_a build_v by_o the_o spaniard_n situate_a in_o a_o round_a plain_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o hill_n place_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n and_o begird_v with_o mountain_n resemble_v a_o amphitheatre_n now_o the_o residence_n of_o a_o bishop_n and_o govern_v by_o city-magistrate_n by_o they_o call_v alcaid_n 2._o chiapa_n seat_v in_o the_o fruitfull_a valley_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n 3._o st._n bartholomew_n remarkable_a for_o have_v near_o it_o a_o great_a pit_n or_o open_v of_o the_o earth_n into_o which_o if_o any_o one_o cast_v a_o stone_n though_o never_o so_o small_a it_o make_v a_o noise_n so_o great_a and_o terrible_a as_o a_o clap_n of_o thunder_n 4._o casapualca_n a_o small_a town_n but_o famous_a also_o for_o a_o well_o it_o have_v who_o water_n be_v observe_v to_o rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o the_o flow_a and_o ebb_v of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o bishop_n of_o chiapa_n one_o be_v bartholomew_n de_fw-it las_fw-fr casas_n of_o the_o order_n of_o st._n dominique_n chiapa_n some_o memorable_a action_n of_o bartholomew_n de_fw-fr las_fw-fr casas_n bishop_n
of_o the_o say_a company_n describe_v jamaica_n describe_v jamaica_n be_v a_o isle_n of_o a_o large_a extent_n be_v from_o east_n to_o west_n 170_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o from_o north_n to_o south_n where_o it_o be_v broad_o about_o 70_o be_v of_o a_o oval_a form_n and_o wax_a narrow_a and_o narrow_a at_o both_o extreme_a end_n it_o be_v seat_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n in_o the_o 17_o and_o 18_o degree_n of_o northern_a latitude_n extent_n it_o be_v situation_n extent_n and_o bear_v from_o off_o the_o isle_n of_o hispaniola_n eastward_n about_o 35_o league_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o isle_n from_o east_n to_o west_n run_v a_o continue_a ridge_n of_o lofty_a mountain_n which_o be_v well_o store_v with_o fresh_a spring_n whence_o flow_v the_o many_o river_n that_o so_o plentiful_o water_v the_o island_n water_v well_o water_v to_o the_o great_a benefit_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n the_o air_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v more_o temperate_a than_o any_o of_o the_o caribe_n isle_n and_o 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it_o in_o most_o year_n to_o wit_n the_o river_n obius_n and_o flavius_n a_o river_n of_o china_n there_o be_v many_o river_n that_o overflow_v without_o any_o order_n or_o in_o a_o set-time_n yea_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o river_n of_o note_a magnitude_n which_o overflow_v not_o its_o bank_n sometime_o so_o it_o be_v evident_a concern_v the_o albis_n the_o rhine_n and_o the_o like_a and_o but_o that_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o the_o height_n of_o the_o bank_n obstruct_v all_o great_a river_n in_o a_o anniversary_n time_n will_v inundate_n because_o that_o most_o of_o they_o be_v much_o augment_v in_o the_o spring_n season_n and_o it_o may_v so_o happen_v that_o a_o river_n that_o do_v use_v to_o overflow_v may_v begin_v to_o do_v it_o in_o a_o anniversary_n time_n viz._n if_o that_o any_o part_n of_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o ridge_n or_o sand_n or_o any_o other_o way_n become_v high_o and_o the_o coast_n or_o shore_n become_v more_o high_a but_o then_o man_n be_v accustom_v to_o raise_v bank_n the_o only_a cause_n of_o these_o inundation_n be_v the_o abundancy_n of_o water_n which_o in_o some_o example_n allege_v may_v proceed_v peradventure_o from_o dissolve_a snow_n but_o in_o most_o from_o frequent_a ra_n yet_o that_o be_v a_o wonder_n that_o the_o indus_n and_o ganges_n shall_v overflow_v in_o other_o month_n than_o the_o adjacent_a river_n from_o the_o lake_n chiama_n but_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o diversity_n which_o be_v observe_v here_o in_o this_o season_n must_v partly_o be_v take_v from_o the_o anniversary_n rain_v in_o the_o adjacent_a place_n partly_o from_o the_o mountain_n and_o rain_n about_o the_o place_n of_o the_o fountain_n but_o we_o to_o avoid_v prolixity_n shall_v supersede_n to_o discuss_v every_o example_n the_o river_n bibara_n in_o france_n near_o to_o paris_n sometime_o without_o any_o rain_n or_o at_o least_o with_o those_o that_o be_v usual_a so_o swell_v that_o it_o cause_v desolation_n unto_o the_o suburb_n of_o st._n marcellus_n now_o the_o reason_n why_o almost_o all_o these_o inundation_n make_v the_o land_n fruitful_a be_v because_o that_o water_n that_o inundate_v be_v either_o rain_n or_o snow-water_n which_o water_n both_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o spirituous_a lévity_n and_o also_o because_o of_o their_o sulphureous_a substance_n which_o they_o have_v admix_v in_o the_o air._n above_o all_o other_o mineral_n be_v very_o prevalent_a to_o fructify_v and_o be_v also_o wholesome_a now_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o spirit_n and_o sulphur_n in_o rain-water_n be_v prove_v 1._o from_o the_o worm_n that_o be_v generate_v in_o it_o 2._o from_o its_o easy_a putrefaction_n 3._o from_o the_o very_a chemical_a distillation_n yet_o some_o river_n by_o their_o inundation_n do_v not_o make_v the_o earth_n fertile_a but_o rather_o cause_n sterility_n as_o ligeris_n in_o france_n when_o that_o sequana_n make_v they_o