perceive_v the_o perforation_n with_o one_o naked_a eye_n though_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o microscope_n it_o may_v easy_o enough_o be_v perceive_v nay_o i_o have_v make_v a_o pipe_n perforate_v from_o end_n to_o end_n so_o small_a that_o with_o my_o naked_a eye_n i_o can_v very_o hardly_o see_v the_o body_n of_o it_o insomuch_o that_o i_o have_v be_v able_a to_o knit_v it_o up_o into_o a_o knot_n without_o break_v and_o more_o accurate_o examine_v one_o with_o my_o microscope_n i_o find_v it_o not_o so_o big_a as_o a_o sixteen_o part_n of_o one_o of_o the_o small_a hair_n of_o my_o head_n which_o be_v of_o the_o small_a and_o fine_a sort_n of_o hair_n so_o that_o sixteen_o of_o these_o pipe_n bind_v faggot-wiâ—e_a together_o will_v but_o have_v equalise_v one_o single_a hair_n how_o small_a therefore_o must_v its_o perforation_n be_v it_o appear_v to_o i_o through_o the_o microscope_n to_o be_v a_o proportionable_o thick-sided_n pipe_n to_o proceed_v then_o for_o the_o trial_n of_o the_o experiment_n the_o experimenter_n must_v place_v the_o tube_n ab_fw-la perpendicular_a and_o fill_v the_o pipe_n f_o cement_v into_o the_o hole_n e_o with_o water_n but_o leave_v the_o bubble_n c_o bookful_n of_o air_n and_o then_o gentle_o pour_v in_o water_n into_o the_o pipe_n ab_fw-la he_o must_v observe_v diligent_o how_o high_a the_o water_n will_v rise_v in_o it_o before_o it_o protrude_v the_o bubble_n of_o air_n c_o through_o the_o narrow_a passage_n of_o f_o and_o denote_v exact_o the_o height_n of_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n then_o cement_n in_o a_o second_o pipe_n as_o g_o and_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n he_o may_v proceed_v as_o with_o the_o former_a denote_v likewise_o the_o height_n of_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n able_a to_o protrude_v the_o bubble_n c_o through_o the_o passage_n of_o g_o the_o like_a may_v he_o do_v with_o the_o next_o pipe_n and_o the_o next_o etc._n etc._n as_o far_o as_o he_o be_v able_a then_o compare_v the_o several_a height_n of_o the_o cylinder_n with_o the_o several_a hole_n through_o which_o each_o cylinder_n do_v force_v the_o air_n have_v due_a regard_n to_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n in_o the_o small_a tube_n it_o will_v be_v very_o easy_a to_o determine_v what_o force_n be_v requisite_a to_o press_v the_o air_n into_o such_o and_o such_o a_o hole_n or_o to_o apply_v it_o to_o our_o present_a experiment_n how_o much_o of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v take_v off_o by_o its_o ingress_n into_o small_a and_o small_a hole_n from_o the_o application_n of_o which_o to_o the_o enter_v of_o the_o air_n into_o the_o big_a hole_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o into_o the_o small_a hole_n of_o the_o pipe_n we_o shall_v clear_o find_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n or_o great_a pipe_n than_o there_o be_v upon_o that_o in_o the_o lesser_a pipe_n for_o since_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n every_o way_n be_v find_v to_o be_v equal_a that_o be_v as_o much_o as_o be_v able_a to_o press_v up_o and_o sustain_v a_o cylinder_n of_o quicksilver_n of_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a high_a or_o thereabouts_o and_o since_o of_o this_o pressure_n so_o many_o more_o degree_n be_v require_v to_o force_v the_o air_n into_o a_o small_a than_o into_o a_o great_a hole_n that_o be_v full_a of_o a_o more_o congruous_a fluid_n and_o last_o since_o those_o degree_n that_o be_v requisite_a to_o press_v it_o in_o be_v thereby_o take_v off_o from_o the_o air_n within_o and_o the_o air_n within_o leave_v with_o so_o many_o degree_n of_o pressure_n less_o than_o the_o air_n without_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o less_o tube_n or_o pipe_n will_v have_v less_o pressure_n against_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n therein_o than_o the_o air_n in_o the_o big_a which_o be_v the_o minor_a proposition_n to_o be_v prove_v the_o conclusion_n therefore_o will_v necessary_o follow_v viz._n that_o this_o unequal_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n cause_v by_o its_o ingress_n into_o unequal_a hole_n be_v a_o cause_n sufficient_a to_o produce_v this_o effect_n without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o concurrent_a and_o therefore_o be_v probable_o the_o principal_n if_o not_o the_o only_a cause_n of_o these_o phaenomena_n this_o therefore_o be_v thus_o explain_v there_o will_v be_v divers_a phaenomena_n explicable_a thereby_o as_o the_o rise_n of_o liquor_n in_o a_o filtre_n the_o rise_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n oil_n melt_v tallow_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o week_n of_o a_o lamp_n though_o make_v of_o small_a wire_n thread_n of_o asbestus_n string_n of_o glass_n or_o the_o like_a the_o rise_n of_o liquor_n in_o a_o sponge_n piece_n of_o bread_n sand_n etc._n etc._n perhaps_o also_o the_o ascend_a of_o the_o sap_n in_o tree_n and_o plant_n through_o their_o small_a and_o some_o of_o they_o imperceptible_a pore_n of_o which_o i_o have_v say_v more_o on_o another_o occasion_n at_o least_o the_o pass_v of_o it_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n into_o their_o root_n and_o indeed_o upon_o the_o consideration_n of_o this_o principle_n multitude_n of_o other_o use_n of_o it_o occur_v to_o i_o which_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o so_o well_o examine_v and_o digest_v as_o to_o propound_v for_o axiom_n but_o only_o as_o query_n and_o conjecture_n which_o may_v serve_v as_o hint_n towards_o some_o further_a discovery_n as_o first_o upon_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o congruity_n and_o incongruity_n of_o body_n as_o to_o touch_v i_o find_v also_o the_o like_a congruity_n and_o incongruity_n if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v as_o to_o the_o transmit_v of_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n for_o as_o in_o this_o regard_n water_n not_o now_o to_o mention_v other_o liquor_n seem_v near_o of_o affinity_n to_o glass_n then_o air_n and_o air_n than_o quicksilver_n whence_o a_o oblique_a ray_n out_o of_o glass_n will_v pass_v into_o water_n with_o very_o little_a refraction_n from_o the_o perpendicular_a but_o none_o out_o of_o glass_n into_o air_n except_v a_o direct_a will_v pass_v without_o a_o very_a great_a refraction_n from_o the_o perpendicular_a nay_o any_o oblique_a ray_n under_o thirty_o degree_n will_v not_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o air_n at_o all_o and_o quicksilver_n will_v neither_o admit_v oblique_a or_o direct_a but_o reflect_v all_o seem_v as_o to_o the_o transmit_v of_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n to_o be_v of_o a_o quite_o differ_v constitution_n from_o that_o of_o air_n water_n glass_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o resemble_v most_o those_o opacous_a and_o strong_a reflect_a body_n of_o metal_n so_o also_o as_o to_o the_o property_n of_o cohesion_n or_o congruity_n water_n seem_v to_o keep_v the_o same_o order_n be_v more_o congruous_a to_o glass_n then_o air_n and_o air_n than_o quicksilver_n a_o second_o thing_n which_o be_v hint_v to_o i_o by_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o include_v fluid_n globular_a form_n cause_v by_o the_o protrusion_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la heterogeneous_a fluid_n be_v whether_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o gravity_n may_v not_o by_o this_o mean_n be_v explain_v by_o suppose_v the_o globe_n of_o earth_n water_n and_o air_n to_o be_v include_v with_o a_o fluid_a heterogeneous_a to_o all_o and_o each_o of_o they_o so_o subtle_a as_o not_o only_o to_o be_v every_o where_o intersperse_v through_o the_o air_n or_o rather_o the_o air_n through_o it_o but_o to_o pervade_v the_o body_n of_o glass_n and_o even_o the_o close_a metal_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o may_v endeavour_v to_o detrude_v all_o earthly_a body_n as_o far_o from_o it_o as_o it_o can_v and_o partly_o thereby_o and_o partly_o by_o other_o of_o its_o property_n may_v move_v they_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o that_o there_o be_v some_o such_o fluid_a i_o can_v produce_v many_o experiment_n and_o reason_n that_o do_v seem_v to_o prove_v it_o but_o because_o it_o will_v ask_v some_o time_n and_o room_n to_o set_v they_o down_o and_o explain_v they_o and_o to_o consider_v and_o answer_v all_o the_o objection_n many_o whereof_o i_o foresee_v that_o may_v be_v allege_v against_o it_o i_o shall_v at_o present_a proceed_v to_o other_o query_n content_v myself_o to_o have_v here_o only_o give_v a_o hint_n of_o what_o i_o may_v say_v more_o elsewhere_o a_o three_o query_n than_o be_v whether_o the_o heterogeneity_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la may_v not_o be_v account_v a_o secondary_a cause_n of_o the_o roundness_n or_o globular_a form_n of_o the_o great_a body_n of_o the_o world_n such_o as_o be_v those_o of_o the_o sun_n star_n and_o planet_n the_o substance_n of_o each_o of_o which_o seem_v altogether_o heterogeneous_a to_o the_o circum-ambient_a fluid_a aether_n and_o of_o this_o i_o shall_v say_v more_o in_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o moon_n a_o four_o be_v
find_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o great_a case_n another_o small_a round_a case_n between_o which_o two_o the_o interstice_n be_v fill_v with_o multitude_n of_o stringie_a fibre_n which_o seem_v to_o suspend_v the_o lesser_a case_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o other_o which_o as_o far_o as_o i_o be_v able_a to_o discern_v seem_v full_a of_o exceed_v small_a white_a seed_n much_o like_o the_o seed-bagg_n in_o the_o knop_n of_o a_o carnation_n after_o the_o flower_n have_v be_v two_o or_o three_o day_n or_o a_o week_n fall_v off_o but_o this_o i_o can_v not_o so_o perfect_o discern_v and_o therefore_o can_v positive_o affirm_v it_o after_o the_o seed_n be_v fall_v away_o i_o find_v both_o the_o case_n stalk_v and_o plant_v all_o grow_v red_a and_o wither_v and_o from_o other_o part_n of_o the_o root_n continual_o to_o spring_v new_a branch_n or_o slip_n which_o by_o degree_n increase_v and_o grow_v as_o big_a as_o the_o former_a seed_a ripen_a shatter_v and_o wither_a i_o can_v not_o find_v that_o it_o observe_v any_o particular_a season_n for_o these_o several_a kind_n of_o growth_n but_o rather_o find_v it_o to_o be_v spring_v mature_a ripe_a seedy_a and_o wither_v at_o all_o time_n of_o the_o year_n but_o i_o find_v it_o most_o to_o flourish_v and_o increase_v in_o warm_a and_o moist_a weather_n it_o gather_v its_o nourishment_n for_o the_o most_o part_n out_o of_o some_o lapidescent_n or_o other_o substance_n corrupt_v or_o change_v from_o its_o former_a texture_n or_o substantial_a form_n for_o i_o have_v find_v it_o to_o grow_v on_o the_o rot_a part_n of_o stone_n of_o brick_n of_o wood_n of_o bone_n of_o leather_n etc._n etc._n it_o oft_o grow_v on_o the_o bark_n of_o several_a tree_n spread_v itself_o sometime_o from_o the_o ground_n upward_o and_o sometime_o from_o some_o chink_n or_o cleave_v of_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o tree_n which_o have_v some_o putrified_a substance_n in_o it_o but_o this_o seem_v of_o a_o distinct_a kind_n from_o that_o which_o i_o observe_v to_o grow_v on_o putrified_a inanimate_a body_n and_o rot_a earth_n there_o be_v also_o great_a variety_n of_o other_o kind_n of_o mosses_n which_o grow_v on_o tree_n and_o several_a other_o plant_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v here_o make_v no_o mention_n nor_o of_o the_o moss_n grow_v on_o the_o skull_n of_o a_o dead_a man_n which_o much_o resemble_v that_o of_o tree_n whether_o this_o plant_n do_v sometime_o original_o spring_v or_o rise_v out_o of_o corruption_n without_o any_o disseminated_a seed_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o make_v trial_n enough_o to_o be_v very_o much_o either_o positive_a or_o negative_a for_o as_o it_o seem_v very_o hard_a to_o conceive_v how_o the_o seed_n shall_v be_v general_o disperse_v into_o all_o part_n where_o there_o be_v a_o corruption_n begin_v unless_o we_o may_v rational_o suppose_v that_o this_o seed_n be_v so_o exceed_o small_a and_o consequent_o exceed_v light_n be_v thereby_o take_v up_o and_o carry_v to_o and_o fro_o in_o the_o air_n into_o every_o place_n and_o by_o the_o fall_a drop_n of_o rain_n be_v wash_v down_o out_o of_o it_o and_o so_o disperse_v into_o all_o place_n and_o there_o only_o take_v root_n and_o propagate_v where_o it_o find_v a_o convenient_a soil_n or_o matrix_fw-la for_o it_o to_o thrive_v in_o so_o if_o we_o will_v have_v it_o to_o proceed_v from_o corruption_n it_o be_v not_o less_o difficult_a to_o conceive_v first_o how_o the_o corruption_n of_o any_o vegetable_a much_o less_o of_o any_o stone_n or_o brick_n shall_v be_v the_o parent_n of_o so_o curious_o figure_v and_o so_o perfect_a a_o plant_n as_o this_o be_v but_o here_o indeed_o i_o can_v but_o add_v that_o it_o seem_v rather_o to_o be_v a_o product_n of_o the_o rain_n in_o those_o body_n where_o it_o be_v stay_v then_o of_o the_o very_a body_n themselves_o since_o i_o have_v find_v it_o grow_v on_o marble_n and_o flint_n but_o always_o the_o microscope_n if_o not_o the_o naked_a eye_n will_v discover_v some_o little_a hole_n of_o dirt_n in_o which_o it_o be_v root_v next_o how_o the_o corruption_n of_o each_o of_o those_o exceed_o differ_a body_n shall_v all_o conspire_v to_o the_o production_n of_o the_o same_o plant_n that_o be_v that_o stone_n brick_n wood_n or_o vegetable_a substance_n and_o bone_n leather_n horn_n or_o animate_v substance_n unless_o we_o may_v with_o some_o plausibleness_n say_v that_o air_n and_o water_n be_v the_o coadjutor_n or_o menstruum_n in_o all_o kind_n of_o putrefaction_n and_o that_o thereby_o the_o body_n though_o while_o they_o retain_v their_o substantial_a form_n be_v of_o exdcee_v differ_v nature_n yet_o since_o they_o be_v dissolve_v and_o mix_v into_o another_o they_o may_v be_v very_o homogeneous_a they_o be_v almost_o resolve_v again_o into_o air_n water_n and_o earth_n retain_v perhaps_o one_o part_n of_o their_o vegetative_a faculty_n yet_o entire_a which_o meet_v with_o congruous_a assistant_n such_o as_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o fluidity_n of_o the_o water_n and_o such_o like_a coadjutor_n and_o convenience_n acquire_v a_o certain_a vegetation_n for_o a_o time_n whole_o differ_v perhaps_o from_o that_o kind_n of_o vegetation_n it_o have_v before_o to_o explain_v my_o meaning_n a_o little_a better_o by_o a_o gross_a similitude_n suppose_v a_o curious_a piece_n of_o clockwork_n that_o have_v have_v several_a motion_n and_o contrivance_n in_o it_o which_o when_o in_o order_n will_v all_o have_v move_v in_o their_o design_v method_n and_o period_n we_o will_v further_o suppose_v by_o some_o mean_n that_o this_o clock_n come_v to_o be_v break_v bruise_a or_o otherwise_o disorder_v so_o that_o several_a part_n of_o it_o be_v dislocate_v be_v impede_v and_o so_o stand_v still_o and_o not_o only_o hinder_v its_o own_o progressive_a motion_n and_o produce_v not_o the_o effect_n which_o they_o be_v design_v for_o but_o because_o the_o other_o part_n also_o have_v a_o dependence_n upon_o they_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o their_o motion_n likewise_o and_o so_o the_o whole_a instrument_n become_v unserviceable_a and_o not_o fit_a for_o any_o use_n this_o instrument_n afterward_o by_o some_o shake_n and_o tumble_v and_o throw_v up_o and_o down_o come_v to_o have_v several_a of_o its_o part_n shake_v out_o and_o several_a of_o its_o curious_a motion_n and_o contrivance_n and_o particle_n all_o fall_v asunder_o here_o a_o pin_n fall_v out_o and_o there_o a_o pillar_n and_o here_o a_o wheel_n and_o there_o a_o hammer_n and_o a_o spring_n and_o the_o like_a and_o among_o the_o rest_n away_o fall_v those_o part_n also_o which_o be_v bruise_v and_o disorder_v and_o have_v all_o this_o while_n impede_v the_o motion_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n hereupon_o several_a of_o those_o other_o motion_n that_o yet_o remain_v who_o spring_n be_v not_o quite_o run_v down_o be_v now_o at_o liberty_n begin_v each_o of_o they_o to_o move_v thus_o or_o thus_o but_o quite_o after_o another_o method_n then_o before_o there_o be_v many_o regulate_a part_n and_o the_o like_a fall_v away_o and_o lose_v upon_o this_o the_o owner_n who_o chance_v to_o hear_v and_o observe_v some_o of_o these_o effect_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o watch-maker_n art_n wonder_n what_o be_v betide_v his_o clock_n and_o present_o imagine_v that_o some_o artist_n have_v be_v at_o work_n and_o have_v set_v his_o clock_n in_o order_n and_o make_v a_o new_a kind_n of_o instrument_n of_o it_o but_o upon_o examine_v circumstance_n he_o find_v there_o be_v no_o such_o matter_n but_o that_o the_o casual_a slip_n out_o of_o a_o pin_n have_v make_v several_a part_n of_o his_o clock_n fall_v to_o piece_n and_o that_o thereby_o the_o obstacle_n that_o all_o this_o while_n hinder_v his_o clock_n together_o with_o other_o useful_a part_n be_v fall_v out_o and_o so_o his_o clock_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o upon_o wind_v up_o those_o spring_n again_o when_o run_v down_o he_o find_v his_o clock_n to_o go_v but_o quite_o after_o another_o manner_n than_o it_o be_v wont_n heretofore_o and_o thus_o may_v it_o be_v perhaps_o in_o the_o business_n of_o moss_n and_o mould_n and_o mushroom_n and_o several_a other_o spontaneous_a kind_n of_o vegetation_n which_o may_v be_v cause_v by_o a_o vegetative_a principle_n which_o be_v a_o coadjutor_n to_o the_o life_n and_o growth_n of_o the_o great_a vegetable_a and_o be_v by_o the_o destroy_n of_o the_o life_n of_o it_o stop_v and_o impede_v in_o perform_v its_o office_n but_o afterward_o upon_o a_o further_a corruption_n of_o several_a part_n that_o have_v all_o the_o while_n impede_v it_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n wind_v up_o as_o it_o be_v the_o spring_n set_v it_o again_o into_o a_o vegetative_a motion_n and_o this_o be_v single_a and_o not_o at_o all_o regulate_v as_o it_o be_v before_o when_o a_o part_n of_o that_o
the_o water_n can_v very_o little_a or_o not_o at_o all_o penetrate_v this_o therefore_o retain_v always_o very_a near_o the_o same_o dimension_n and_o the_o other_o stretch_v and_o shrink_v according_a as_o there_o be_v more_o or_o less_o moisture_n or_o water_n in_o its_o pore_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o make_v and_o shape_n of_o the_o part_n the_o whole_a body_n must_v necessary_o unwreath_v and_o wreathe_v itself_o and_o upon_o this_o principle_n it_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o make_v several_a sort_n of_o contrivance_n that_o shall_v thus_o wreathe_v and_o unwreath_v themselves_o either_o by_o heat_n and_o cold_a or_o by_o dryness_n and_o moisture_n or_o by_o any_o great_a or_o less_o force_v from_o whatever_o cause_n it_o proceed_v whether_o from_o gravity_n or_o weight_n or_o from_o wind_n which_o be_v motion_n of_o the_o air_n or_o from_o some_o spring_a body_n or_o the_o like_a this_o have_v i_o time_n i_o shall_v enlarge_v much_o more_o upon_o for_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v the_o very_a first_o footstep_n of_o sensation_n and_o animate_v motion_n the_o most_o plain_a simple_a and_o obvious_a contrivance_n that_o nature_n have_v make_v use_n of_o to_o produce_v a_o motion_n next_o to_o that_o of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n by_o heat_n and_o cold_a and_o be_v this_o principle_n very_o well_o examine_v i_o be_o very_o apt_a to_o think_v it_o will_v afford_v we_o a_o very_a great_a help_n to_o find_v out_o the_o mechanism_n of_o the_o muscle_n which_o indeed_o as_o far_o as_o i_o have_v hitherto_o be_v able_a to_o examine_v seem_v to_o i_o not_o so_o very_o perplex_v as_o one_o may_v imagine_v especial_o upon_o the_o examination_n which_o i_o make_v of_o the_o muscle_n of_o crab_n lobster_n and_o several_a sort_n of_o large_a shellfish_n and_o compare_v my_o observation_n on_o they_o with_o the_o circumstance_n i_o observe_v in_o the_o muscle_n of_o terrestrial_a animal_n now_o as_o in_o this_o instance_n of_o the_o beard_n of_o a_o wild_a oat_n we_o see_v there_o be_v nothing_o else_o requisite_a to_o make_v it_o wreath_n and_o unwreath_v itself_o and_o to_o straighten_v and_o bend_v its_o knee_n then_o only_o a_o little_a breath_n of_o moist_a or_o dry_a air_n or_o a_o small_a atom_n almost_o of_o water_n or_o liquor_n and_o a_o little_a heat_n to_o make_v it_o again_o evaporate_v for_o by_o hold_v this_o beard_n place_v and_o fix_v as_o i_o before_o direct_v near_o a_o fire_n and_o dip_v the_o tip_n of_o a_o small_a shred_n of_o paper_n in_o well_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o then_o touch_v the_o wreathe_v cylindrical_a part_n you_o may_v perceive_v it_o to_o untwist_v itself_o and_o present_o again_o upon_o the_o avolation_n of_o the_o spirit_n by_o the_o great_a heat_n it_o will_v re-twist_n itself_o and_o thus_o will_v it_o move_v forward_o and_o backward_o as_o oft_o as_o you_o repeat_v the_o touch_v it_o with_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n so_o may_v perhaps_o the_o shrink_a and_o relax_v of_o the_o muscle_n be_v by_o the_o influx_n and_o evaporation_n of_o some_o kind_n of_o liquor_n or_o juice_n but_o of_o this_o enquiry_n i_o shall_v add_v more_o elsewhere_o obseru._n xxviii_o of_o the_o seed_n of_o venus_n looking-glass_n or_o corn_n violet_n from_o the_o leave_n and_o down_n and_o beard_n of_o plant_n we_o come_v at_o last_o to_o the_o seed_n and_o here_o indeed_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o cabinet_n of_o nature_n wherein_o be_v lay_v up_o its_o jewel_n the_o providence_n of_o nature_n about_o vegetable_n be_v in_o no_o part_n manifest_v more_o then_o in_o the_o various_a contrivance_n about_o the_o seed_n nor_o indeed_o be_v there_o in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o vegetable_a so_o curious_a carving_n and_o beautiful_a adornment_n as_o about_o the_o seed_n this_o in_o the_o large_a sort_n of_o seed_n be_v most_o evident_a to_o the_o eye_n nor_o be_v it_o less_o manifest_a through_o the_o microscope_n in_o those_o seed_n who_o shape_n and_o structure_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o smallness_n the_o eye_n be_v hardly_o able_a to_o distinguish_v of_o these_o there_o be_v multitude_n many_o of_o which_o i_o have_v observe_v through_o a_o microscope_n and_o find_v that_o they_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n every_o one_o afford_v exceed_v pleasant_a and_o beautiful_a object_n for_o beside_o those_o that_o have_v various_a kind_n of_o carve_v surface_n there_o be_v other_o that_o have_v smooth_a and_o perfect_o polish_a surface_n other_o a_o downy_a hairy_a surface_n some_o be_v cover_v only_o with_o a_o skin_n other_o with_o a_o kind_n of_o shell_n other_o with_o both_o as_o be_v observable_a also_o in_o great_a seed_n schem_n xvii_o schem_n xviii_o this_o though_o it_o appear_v one_o of_o the_o most_o promise_a seed_n for_o beauty_n to_o the_o naked_a eye_n yet_o through_o the_o microscope_n it_o appear_v but_o a_o rude_a misshape_a seed_n which_o i_o therefore_o draw_v that_o i_o may_v thereby_o manifest_v how_o unable_a we_o be_v by_o the_o naked_a eye_n to_o judge_v of_o beauteous_a or_o less_o curious_a microscopical_a object_n cut_v some_o of_o they_o in_o sunder_o i_o observe_v they_o to_o be_v fill_v with_o a_o greenish_a yellow_a pulp_n and_o to_o have_v a_o very_a thick_a husk_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o pulp_n obseru._n xxix_o of_o the_o seed_n of_o time_n these_o pretty_a fruit_n here_o represent_v in_o the_o 18._o scheme_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o nine_o several_a seed_n of_o time_n they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o in_o differ_v posture_n both_o as_o to_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o light_n nor_o be_v they_o all_o of_o they_o exact_o of_o the_o same_o shape_n there_o be_v a_o great_a variety_n both_o in_o the_o bulk_n and_o figure_n of_o each_o seed_n but_o they_o all_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o be_v look_v on_o with_o a_o microscope_n they_o each_o of_o they_o exact_o resemble_v a_o lemon_n or_o orange_n dry_v and_o this_o both_o in_o shape_n and_o colour_n some_o of_o they_o be_v a_o little_o round_a of_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o orange_n as_o a_o and_o b_o they_o have_v each_o of_o they_o a_o very_a conspicuous_a part_n by_o which_o they_o be_v join_v to_o their_o little_a stalk_n and_o one_o of_o they_o have_v a_o little_a piece_n of_o stalk_n remain_v on_o the_o opposite_a side_n of_o the_o seed_n you_o may_v perceive_v very_o plain_o by_o the_o figure_n be_v very_o cop_v and_o prominent_a as_o be_v very_o usual_a in_o lemon_n which_o prominency_n be_v express_v in_o d_o e_z and_o f._n they_o seem_v each_o of_o they_o a_o little_a crease_v or_o wrinkle_a but_o e_z be_v very_o conspicuous_o furrow_v as_o if_o the_o inward_a make_v of_o this_o seed_n have_v be_v somewhat_o like_o that_o of_o a_o lemon_n also_o but_o upon_o divide_v several_a seed_n with_o a_o very_a sharp_a penknife_n and_o examine_v they_o afterward_o i_o find_v their_o make_n to_o be_v in_o nothing_o but_o bulk_n differ_v from_o that_o of_o pea_n that_o be_v to_o have_v a_o pretty_a thick_a coat_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n a_o indifferent_a white_a pulp_n which_o seem_v very_o close_o so_o that_o it_o seem_v nature_n do_v not_o very_o much_o alter_v her_o method_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o enclose_v and_o preserve_v the_o vital_a principle_n in_o the_o seed_n in_o these_o very_a small_a grain_n from_o that_o of_o bean_n pea_n etc._n etc._n the_o grain_n afford_v a_o very_a pretty_a object_n for_o the_o microscope_n namely_o a_o dish_n of_o lemon_n place_v in_o a_o very_a little_a room_n shall_v a_o lemon_n or_o nut_n be_v proportionable_o magnify_v to_o what_o this_o seed_n of_o time_n be_v it_o will_v make_v it_o appear_v as_o big_a as_o a_o large_a hay-teek_a and_o it_o will_v be_v no_o great_a wonder_n to_o see_v homer_n iliad_n and_o homer_n and_o all_o cram_v into_o such_o a_o nutshell_n we_o may_v perceive_v even_o in_o these_o small_a grain_n as_o well_o as_o in_o great_a how_o curious_a and_o careful_a nature_n be_v in_o preserve_v the_o seminal_a principle_n of_o vegetable_a body_n in_o what_o delicate_a strong_a and_o most_o convenient_a cabinet_n she_o lay_v they_o and_o close_v they_o in_o a_o pulp_n for_o their_o safe_a protection_n from_o outward_a danger_n and_o for_o the_o supply_n of_o convenient_a alimental_a juice_n when_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n begin_v to_o animate_v and_o move_v these_o little_a automanâ—â—s_n or_o engine_n as_o if_o she_o will_v from_o the_o ornament_n wherewith_o she_o as_o deck_v these_o cabinet_n hint_n to_o we_o that_o in_o they_o she_o have_v lay_v up_o her_o jewel_n and_o masterpiece_n and_o this_o if_o we_o be_v but_o diligent_a in_o observe_v we_o shall_v find_v her_o method_n throughout_o there_o be_v no_o curiosity_n in_o the_o elemental_a kingdom_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v the_o body_n of_o air_n water_n earth_n that_o be_v comparable_a in_o
or_o any_o other_o creature_n seek_v and_o place_v their_o seed_n in_o convenient_a repository_n we_o may_v if_o we_o attentive_o consider_v and_o examine_v it_o find_v that_o there_o be_v circumstance_n sufficient_a upon_o the_o supposal_n of_o the_o excellent_a contrivance_n of_o their_o machine_n to_o excite_v and_o force_v they_o to_o act_v after_o such_o or_o such_o a_o manner_n those_o steam_n that_o rise_v from_o these_o several_a place_n may_v perhaps_o set_v several_a part_n of_o these_o little_a animal_n at_o work_n even_o as_o in_o the_o contrivance_n of_o kill_v a_o fox_n or_o wolf_n with_o a_o gun_n the_o move_a of_o a_o string_n be_v the_o death_n of_o the_o animal_n for_o the_o beast_n by_o move_v the_o flesh_n that_o be_v lay_v to_o entrap_v he_o pull_v the_o string_n which_o move_v the_o trig_a and_o that_o le_fw-fr we_o go_v the_o cock_n which_o on_o the_o steel_n strike_v certain_a spark_n of_o fire_n which_o kindle_v the_o powder_n in_o the_o pann_n and_o that_o present_o fly_v into_o the_o barrel_n where_o the_o powder_n catch_v fire_n ratify_v and_o drive_v out_o the_o bullet_n which_o kill_v the_o animal_n in_o all_o which_o action_n there_o be_v nothing_o of_o intention_n or_o ratiocination_n to_o be_v ascribe_v either_o to_o the_o animal_n or_o engine_n but_o all_o to_o the_o ingeniousness_n of_o the_o contriver_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o more_o immediate_a consideration_n of_o our_o gnat_n we_o have_v in_o it_o a_o instance_n not_o usual_a or_o common_a of_o a_o very_a strange_a amphibious_a creature_n that_o be_v a_o creature_n that_o inhabit_v the_o air_n do_v yet_o produce_v a_o creature_n that_o for_o some_o time_n live_v in_o the_o water_n as_o a_o fish_n though_o afterward_o which_o be_v as_o strange_a it_o become_v a_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o air_n like_o its_o sire_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o fly_n and_o this_o i_o think_v do_v prompt_v i_o to_o propose_v certain_a conjecture_n as_o query_n have_v not_o yet_o have_v sufficient_a opportunity_n and_o leisure_n to_o answer_v they_o myself_o from_o my_o own_o experiment_n or_o observation_n and_o the_o first_o be_v whether_o all_o those_o thing_n that_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v breed_v from_o corruption_n and_o putrefaction_n may_v not_o be_v rational_o suppose_v to_o have_v their_o origination_n as_o natural_a as_o these_o gnat_n who_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a be_v first_o drop_v into_o this_o water_n in_o the_o form_n of_o eggs._n those_o seed_n or_o egg_n must_v certain_o be_v very_o small_a which_o so_o small_a a_o creature_n as_o a_o gnat_n yield_v and_o therefore_o we_o need_v not_o wonder_v that_o we_o find_v not_o the_o egg_n themselves_o some_o of_o the_o young_a of_o they_o which_o i_o have_v observe_v have_v not_o exceed_v a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o bulk_n they_o have_v afterward_o come_v to_o and_o next_o i_o have_v observe_v some_o of_o those_o little_a one_o which_o must_v have_v be_v generate_v after_o the_o water_n be_v enclose_v in_o the_o bottle_n and_o therefore_o most_o probable_o from_o egg_n whereas_o those_o creature_n have_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v breed_v of_o the_o corruption_n of_o the_o water_n there_o be_v not_o former_o know_v any_o probable_a way_n how_o they_o shall_v be_v generate_v a_o second_o be_v whether_o these_o egg_n be_v immediate_o drop_v into_o the_o water_n by_o the_o gnat_n themselves_o or_o mediate_o be_v bring_v down_o by_o the_o fall_a rain_n for_o it_o seem_v not_o very_o improbable_a but_o that_o those_o small_a seed_n of_o gnat_n may_v be_v perhaps_o of_o so_o light_a a_o nature_n and_o have_v so_o great_a a_o proportion_n of_o surface_n to_o so_o small_a a_o bulk_n of_o body_n be_v eject_v into_o the_o air_n and_o so_o perhaps_o carry_v for_o a_o good_a while_n too_o and_o fro_o in_o it_o till_o by_o the_o drop_n of_o rain_n it_o be_v wash_v out_o of_o it_o a_o three_o be_v whether_o multitude_n of_o those_o other_o little_a creature_n that_o be_v find_v to_o inhabit_v the_o water_n for_o some_o time_n do_v not_o at_o certain_a time_n take_v wing_n and_o fly_v into_o the_o air_n other_o dive_v and_o hide_v themselves_o in_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o contribute_v to_o the_o increase_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o element_n postscript_n a_o good_a while_n since_o the_o write_n of_o this_o description_n i_o be_v present_v by_o doctor_n peter_n ball_n a_o ingenious_a member_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n with_o a_o little_a paper_n of_o nut_n which_o he_o tell_v i_o be_v send_v he_o from_o a_o brother_n of_o his_o out_o of_o the_o country_n from_o mamhead_n in_o devonshire_n some_o of_o they_o be_v loose_a have_v be_v as_o i_o suppose_v break_v off_o other_o be_v still_o grow_v fast_o on_o upon_o the_o side_n of_o a_o stick_n which_o seem_v by_o the_o bark_n pliableness_n of_o it_o and_o by_o certain_a string_n that_o grow_v out_o of_o it_o to_o be_v some_o piece_n of_o the_o root_n of_o a_o tree_n they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o dry_v and_o a_o little_a shriveled_a other_o more_o round_a of_o a_o brown_a colour_n their_o shape_n be_v much_o like_o a_o fig_n but_o very_o much_o small_a some_o be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o bay-berry_n other_o and_o the_o big_a of_o a_o hazelnut_n some_o of_o these_o that_o have_v no_o hole_n in_o they_o i_o careful_o open_v with_o my_o knife_n and_o find_v in_o they_o a_o good_a large_a round_a white_a maggot_n almost_o as_o big_a as_o a_o small_a pea_n which_o seem_v shape_v like_o other_o maggot_n but_o short_a i_o can_v not_o find_v they_o to_o move_v though_o i_o guess_v they_o to_o be_v alive_a because_o upon_o prick_v they_o with_o a_o pinn_n there_o will_v issue_v out_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o white_a mucous_a matter_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v from_o a_o voluntary_a contraction_n of_o their_o skin_n their_o husk_n or_o matrix_fw-la consist_v of_o three_o coat_n like_o the_o bark_n of_o tree_n the_o outermost_a being_n more_o rough_a and_o spongy_a and_o the_o thick_a the_o middlemost_a more_o close_o hard_a white_a and_o thin_a the_o innermost_a very_o thin_a seem_v almost_o like_o the_o skin_n within_o a_o egg_n be_v shell_n the_o two_o outermost_a have_v root_n in_o the_o branch_n or_o stick_v but_o the_o innermost_a have_v no_o stem_n or_o process_n but_o be_v only_o a_o skin_n that_o cover_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o nut._n all_o the_o nut_n that_o have_v no_o hole_n eat_v in_o they_o i_o find_v to_o contain_v these_o maggot_n but_o all_o that_o have_v hole_n i_o find_v empty_a the_o maggot_n it_o seem_v have_v eat_v their_o way_n through_o take_v wing_n and_o fly_v away_o as_o this_o follow_a account_n which_o i_o receive_v in_o write_v from_o the_o same_o person_n as_o it_o be_v send_v he_o by_o his_o brother_n manifest_v in_o a_o moorish_a black_a peaty_n mould_n with_o some_o small_a vein_n of_o whitish_a yellow_a sand_n upon_o occasion_n of_o dig_v a_o hole_n two_o or_o three_o foot_n deep_a at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o pond_n or_o pool_n to_o set_v a_o tree_n in_o at_o that_o depth_n be_v find_v about_o the_o end_n of_o october_n 1663._o in_o those_o very_a vein_n of_o sand_n those_o button_n or_o nut_n stick_v to_o a_o little_a loose_a stick_n that_o be_v not_o belong_v to_o any_o live_a tree_n and_o some_o of_o they_o also_o free_a by_o themselves_o four_o or_o five_o of_o which_o be_v then_o open_v some_o be_v find_v to_o contvin_n live_v infect_v come_v to_o perfection_n most_o like_a to_o fly_a ant_n if_o not_o the_o same_o in_o other_o infect_v yet_o imperfect_a have_v but_o the_o head_n and_o wing_n form_v the_o rest_n remain_v a_o soft_a white_a pulpy_a substance_n now_o as_o this_o furnish_v we_o with_o one_o odd_a history_n more_o very_o agreeable_a to_o what_o i_o before_o hint_v so_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o be_v man_n diligent_a observer_n they_o may_v meet_v with_o multitude_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n both_o in_o the_o earth_n and_o in_o the_o water_n and_o in_o the_o air_n on_o tree_n plant_n and_o other_o vegetable_n all_o place_n and_o thing_n be_v as_o it_o be_v animarum_fw-la plena_fw-la and_o i_o have_v often_o with_o wonder_n and_o pleasure_n in_o the_o spring_n and_o summertime_n look_v close_o to_o and_o diligent_o on_o common_a garden_n mould_n and_o in_o a_o very_a small_a parcel_n of_o it_o find_v such_o multitude_n and_o diversity_n of_o little_a reptile_n some_o in_o husk_n other_o only_a creeper_n many_o wing_a and_o ready_a for_o the_o air_n divers_a husk_n or_o habitation_n leave_v behind_o empty_a now_o if_o the_o earth_n of_o our_o cold_a climate_n be_v so_o fertile_a of_o animate_v body_n what_o may_v we_o think_v of_o the_o fat_a earth_n of_o hot_a climate_n certain_o the_o sun_n may_v there_o by_o its_o
purpose_n which_o be_v indeed_o the_o chief_a cause_n of_o invent_v these_o way_n of_o trial_n we_o will_v suppose_v a_o cylinder_n indefinite_o extend_v upward_o i_o say_v a_o cylinder_n not_o a_o piece_n of_o a_o cone_n because_o as_o i_o may_v elsewhere_o show_v in_o the_o explication_n of_o gravity_n that_o triplicate_v proportion_n of_o the_o shell_n of_o a_o sphere_n to_o their_o respective_a diameter_n i_o suppose_v to_o be_v remove_v in_o this_o case_n by_o the_o decrease_n of_o the_o power_n of_o gravity_n and_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o this_o cylinder_n to_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o keep_v up_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n of_o thirty_o inch_n now_o because_o by_o the_o most_o accurate_a trial_n of_o the_o most_o illustrious_a and_o incomparable_a mr._n boyle_n publish_v in_o he_o deserve_o famous_a pneumatick_a book_n the_o weight_n of_o quicksilver_n to_o that_o of_o the_o air_n here_o below_o be_v find_v near_o about_o as_o fourteen_o thousand_o to_o one_o if_o we_o suppose_v the_o part_n of_o the_o cylinder_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n to_o be_v every_o where_o of_o a_o equal_a density_n we_o shall_v as_o he_o there_o deduce_v find_v it_o extend_v to_o the_o height_n of_o thirty_o five_o thousand_o foot_n or_o seven_o mile_n but_o because_o by_o these_o experiment_n we_o have_v somewhat_o confirm_v the_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o reciprocal_a proportion_n of_o the_o elater_n to_o the_o extension_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o by_o suppose_v this_o cylinder_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n divide_v into_o a_o thousand_o part_n each_o of_o which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o thirty_o five_o foot_n or_o seven_o geometrical_a pace_n that_o be_v each_o of_o these_o division_n contain_v as_o much_o air_n as_o be_v suppose_v in_o a_o cylinder_n near_o the_o earth_n of_o equal_a diameter_n and_o thirty_o five_o foot_n high_a we_o shall_v find_v the_o lowermost_a to_o press_v against_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o above_o mention_v thousand_o part_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o second_o against_o the_o top_n of_o the_o first_o to_o be_v 1000_o 1_o =_o 999._o of_o the_o three_o against_o the_o second_o to_o be_v 1000_o 2_o =_o 998._o of_o the_o four_o against_o the_o three_o to_o be_v 1000_o â—_o 3_o =_o 997._o of_o the_o uppermost_a against_o the_o 999._o or_o that_o next_o below_o it_o to_o be_v 1000_o 999_o =_o 1._o so_o that_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o lowermost_a next_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v to_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o next_o below_o the_o uppermost_a as_o 1._o to_o 999._o for_o as_o the_o pressure_n sustain_v by_o the_o 999._o be_v to_o the_o pressure_n sustain_v by_o the_o first_o so_o be_v the_o extension_n of_o the_o first_o to_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o 999._o so_o that_o from_o this_o hypothetical_a calculation_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o air_n to_o be_v indefinite_o extend_v for_o if_o we_o suppose_v the_o whole_a thickness_n of_o the_o air_n to_o be_v divide_v as_o i_o just_a now_o instance_a into_o a_o thousand_o part_n and_o each_o of_o those_o under_o differ_v dimension_n or_o altitude_n to_o contain_v a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o air_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o first_o cylinder_n who_o base_a be_v suppose_v to_o lean_v on_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v extend_v 35_o 35_o 999_o foot_n the_o second_o equal_a division_n or_o cylinder_n who_o basis_n be_v suppose_v to_o lean_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o first_o shall_v have_v its_o top_n extend_v high_a by_o 35_o 70_o 998_o the_o three_o 35_o 105_o 997_o the_o four_o 35_o 140_o 996_o and_o so_o onward_o each_o equal_a quantity_n of_o air_n have_v its_o dimension_n measure_v by_o 35_o and_o some_o additional_a number_n express_v always_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o fraction_n who_o numerator_n be_v always_o the_o number_n of_o the_o place_n multiply_v by_o 35._o and_o who_o denominator_fw-la be_v always_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n sustain_v by_o that_o part_n so_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v we_o may_v easy_o calculate_v the_o height_n of_o 999._o division_n of_o those_o 1000_o division_n i_o suppose_v whereas_o the_o uppermost_a may_v extend_v itself_o more_o then_o as_o high_a again_o nay_o perhaps_o indefinite_o or_o beyond_o the_o moon_n for_o the_o elater_n and_o expansion_n be_v in_o reciprocal_a proportion_n since_o we_o can_v yet_o find_v the_o plus_fw-la ultra_fw-la beyond_o which_o the_o air_n will_v not_o expand_v itself_o we_o can_v determine_v the_o height_n of_o the_o air_n for_o since_o as_o we_o have_v show_v the_o proportion_n will_v be_v always_o as_o the_o pressure_n sustain_v by_o any_o part_n be_v to_o 35._o so_o 1000_o to_o the_o expansion_n of_o that_o part_n the_o multiplication_n or_o product_n therefore_o of_o the_o pressure_n and_o expansion_n that_o be_v of_o the_o two_o extreme_a proportional_n be_v always_o equal_a to_o the_o product_n of_o the_o mean_n or_o 35000._o it_o follow_v since_o that_o rectangle_n or_o product_n may_v be_v make_v up_o of_o the_o multiplication_n of_o infinite_a diversity_n of_o number_n that_o the_o height_n of_o the_o air_n be_v also_o indefinite_a for_o since_o as_o far_o as_o i_o have_v yet_o be_v able_a to_o try_v the_o air_n seem_v capable_a of_o a_o indefinite_a expansion_n the_o pressure_n may_v be_v decrease_v in_o infinitunt_fw-la and_o consequent_o its_o expansion_n upward_o indefinite_a also_o there_o be_v therefore_o such_o a_o difference_n of_o density_n and_o no_o experiment_n yet_o know_v to_o prove_v a_o saltus_n or_o skip_v from_o one_o degree_n of_o rarity_n to_o another_o much_o differ_v from_o it_o that_o be_v that_o a_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o air_n shall_v so_o much_o differ_v from_o that_o immediate_o subjacent_a to_o it_o as_o to_o make_v a_o distinct_a superficies_n such_o as_o we_o observe_v between_o the_o air_n and_o water_n etc._n etc._n but_o it_o be_v more_o likely_a that_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a increase_n of_o rarity_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n the_o further_o they_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o will_v hence_o necessary_o follow_v that_o as_o in_o the_o experiment_n of_o the_o salt_n and_o fresh_a water_n the_o ray_n of_o light_n pass_v oblique_o through_o the_o air_n also_o which_o be_v of_o very_o different_a density_n will_v be_v continual_o and_o infinite_o inflect_v or_o bend_a from_o a_o straight_a or_o direct_a motion_n this_o grant_v the_o reason_n of_o all_o the_o above_o recite_v phaenomena_n concern_v the_o appearance_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n will_v very_o easy_o be_v deduce_v as_o first_o the_o redness_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o inflection_n of_o the_o ray_n within_o the_o atmosphere_n that_o it_o be_v not_o real_o in_o or_o near_o the_o luminous_a body_n will_n i_o suppose_v be_v very_o easy_o grant_v see_v that_o this_o redness_n be_v observable_a in_o several_a place_n differ_v in_o longitude_n to_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n different_a the_o set_n and_o rise_v sun_n of_o all_o part_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n red_a and_o second_o that_o it_o be_v not_o mere_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o air_n interpose_v will_n i_o suppose_v without_o much_o more_o difficulty_n be_v yield_v see_v that_o we_o may_v observe_v a_o very_a great_a interstitium_fw-la of_o air_n betwixt_o the_o object_n and_o the_o eye_n make_v it_o appear_v of_o a_o dead_a blue_a far_o enough_o differ_v from_o a_o red_a or_o yellow_a but_o three_o that_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o refraction_n or_o inflection_n of_o the_o ray_n by_o the_o atmosphere_n this_o follow_a experiment_n will_v i_o suppose_v sufficient_o manifest_a take_v a_o spherical_a crystalline_a viol_n such_o as_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o five_o figure_n abcd_n and_o have_v fill_v it_o with_o pure_a clear_a water_n expose_v it_o to_o the_o sun_n beam_n then_o take_v a_o piece_n of_o very_o fine_a venice_n paper_n apply_v it_o against_o that_o side_n of_o the_o globe_n that_o be_v opposite_a to_o the_o sun_n as_o against_o the_o side_n bc_n and_o you_o shall_v perceive_v a_o bright_a red_a ring_n to_o appear_v cause_v by_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o ray_n aaaa_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o globe_n in_o which_o experiment_n if_o the_o glass_n and_o water_n be_v very_o clear_a so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o sand_n nor_o bubble_n in_o the_o glass_n nor_o dirt_n in_o the_o water_n you_o shall_v not_o perceive_v any_o appearance_n of_o any_o other_o colour_n to_o apply_v which_o experiment_n we_o may_v imagine_v the_o atmosphere_n to_o be_v a_o great_a transparent_a globe_n which_o be_v of_o a_o substance_n more_o dense_a than_o the_o other_o or_o which_o come_v to_o the_o same_o that_o have_v its_o part_n
multitude_n of_o reflection_n not_o from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o body_n but_o from_o the_o contiguous_a surface_n of_o the_o air_n and_o this_o be_v evident_o manifest_v by_o fill_v the_o interstitia_fw-la of_o those_o powder_a body_n with_o water_n whereby_o their_o whiteness_n present_o disappear_v from_o the_o same_o reason_n proceed_v the_o whiteness_n of_o many_o kind_n of_o sand_n which_o in_o the_o microscope_n appear_v to_o be_v make_v up_o of_o a_o multitude_n of_o little_a pellucid_a body_n who_o bright_a reflection_n may_v by_o the_o microscope_n be_v plain_o perceive_v to_o come_v from_o their_o internal_a surface_n and_o much_o of_o the_o whiteness_n of_o it_o may_v be_v destroy_v by_o the_o affusion_n of_o fair_a water_n to_o be_v contiguous_a to_o those_o surface_n the_o whiteness_n also_o of_o froth_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o light_n from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o air_n within_o the_o bubble_n and_o very_o little_a to_o the_o reflection_n from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n itself_o for_o this_o last_o reflection_n do_v not_o return_v a_o quarter_n so_o many_o ray_n as_o that_o which_o be_v make_v from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o air_n as_o i_o have_v certain_o find_v by_o a_o multitude_n of_o observation_n and_o experiment_n the_o whiteness_n of_o linen_n paper_n silk_n etc._n etc._n proceed_v much_o from_o the_o same_o reason_n as_o the_o microscope_n will_v easy_o discover_v for_o the_o paper_n be_v make_v up_o of_o a_o abundance_n of_o pellucid_a body_n which_o afford_v a_o very_a plentiful_a reflection_n from_o within_o that_o be_v from_o the_o concave_a surface_n of_o the_o air_n contiguous_a to_o its_o component_a particle_n wherefore_o by_o the_o affusion_n of_o water_n oil_n tallow_n turpentine_n etc._n etc._n all_o those_o reflection_n be_v make_v more_o faint_a and_o the_o beam_n of_o light_n be_v suffer_v to_o traject_n &_o run_v through_o the_o paper_n more_o free_o hence_o further_o we_o may_v learn_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o whiteness_n of_o many_o body_n and_o by_o what_o mean_v they_o may_v be_v in_o part_n make_v pellucid_a as_o white_a marble_n for_o instance_n for_o this_o body_n be_v compose_v of_o a_o pellucid_a body_n exceed_o flaw_v that_o be_v there_o be_v abundance_n of_o thin_a and_o very_o fine_a crack_n or_o chink_n among_o the_o multitude_n of_o particle_n of_o the_o body_n that_o contain_v in_o they_o small_a parcel_n of_o air_n which_o do_v so_o re-percuss_a and_o drive_v back_o the_o penetrate_a beam_n that_o they_o can_v enter_v very_o deep_a within_o that_o body_n which_o the_o microscope_n do_v plain_o inform_v we_o to_o be_v make_v up_o of_o a_o congery_n of_o pellucid_a particle_n and_o i_o further_o find_v it_o somewhat_o more_o evident_o by_o some_o attempt_n i_o make_v towards_o the_o make_n transparent_a marble_n for_o by_o heat_n the_o stone_n a_o little_a and_o soak_v it_o in_o oil_n turpentine_n oil_n of_o turpentine_n &c_n &c_n i_o find_v that_o i_o be_v able_a to_o see_v much_o deep_a into_o the_o body_n of_o marble_n then_o before_o and_o one_o trial_n which_o be_v not_o with_o a_o unctuous_a substance_n succeed_v better_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o which_o when_o i_o have_v a_o better_a opportunity_n i_o shall_v make_v further_a trial_n this_o also_o give_v we_o a_o probable_a reason_n of_o the_o so_o much_o admire_v phaenomena_n of_o the_o oculus_fw-la mundi_fw-la a_o oval_a stone_n which_o common_o look_v like_o white_a alabaster_n but_o be_v lay_v a_o certain_a time_n in_o water_n it_o grow_v pellucid_a and_o transparent_a and_o be_v suffer_v to_o lie_v again_o dry_a it_o by_o degree_n lose_v that_o transparency_n and_o become_v white_a as_o before_o for_o the_o stone_n be_v of_o a_o hollow_a spongy_a nature_n have_v in_o the_o first_o and_o last_o of_o these_o appearance_n all_o those_o pore_n fill_v with_o the_o obtund_a and_o reflect_v air_n whereas_o in_o the_o second_o all_o those_o pore_n be_v fill_v with_o a_o medium_n that_o have_v much_o the_o same_o refraction_n with_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o therefore_o those_o two_o be_v contiguous_a make_v as_o it_o be_v one_o continue_a medium_n of_o which_o more_o be_v say_v in_o the_o 15._o observation_n there_o be_v a_o multitude_n of_o other_o phaenomena_n that_o be_v produce_v from_o this_o same_o principle_n which_o as_o it_o have_v not_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o any_o yet_o that_o i_o know_v so_o i_o think_v upon_o more_o diligent_a observation_n will_v it_o not_o be_v find_v the_o least_o considerable_a but_o i_o have_v here_o only_a time_n to_o hint_n hypothesis_n and_o not_o to_o prosecute_v they_o so_o full_o as_o i_o can_v with_o many_o of_o they_o have_v a_o vast_a extent_n in_o the_o production_n of_o a_o multitude_n of_o phaenomena_n which_o have_v be_v by_o other_o either_o not_o attempt_v to_o be_v explain_v or_o else_o attribute_v to_o some_o other_o cause_n than_o what_o i_o have_v assign_v and_o perhaps_o than_o the_o right_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v leave_v this_o to_o the_o prosecution_n of_o such_o as_o have_v more_o leisure_n only_o before_o i_o leave_v it_o i_o must_v not_o pretermit_v to_o hint_n that_o by_o this_o principle_n multitude_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o air_n as_o about_o mist_n cloud_n meteor_n halo_n etc._n etc._n be_v most_o plain_o and_o perhaps_o true_o explicable_a multitude_n also_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n in_o colour_a body_n as_o liquor_n etc._n etc._n be_v deducible_a from_o it_o and_o from_o this_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o a_o second_o considerable_a phaenomenon_n which_o these_o diamond_n exhibit_v and_o that_o be_v the_o regularity_n of_o their_o figure_n which_o be_v a_o propriety_n not_o less_o general_n than_o the_o former_a it_o comprise_v within_o its_o extent_n all_o kind_n of_o metal_n all_o kind_n of_o mineral_n most_o precious_a stone_n all_o kind_n of_o salt_n multitude_n of_o earth_n and_o almost_o all_o kind_n of_o fluid_a body_n and_o this_o be_v another_o propiety_n which_o though_o a_o little_a superficial_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o some_o have_v not_o that_o i_o know_v be_v so_o much_o as_o attempt_v to_o be_v explicate_v by_o any_o this_o propriety_n of_o body_n as_o i_o think_v it_o the_o most_o worthy_a and_o next_o in_o order_n to_o be_v consider_v after_o the_o contemplation_n of_o the_o globular_a figure_n so_o have_v i_o long_o have_v a_o desire_n as_o well_o as_o a_o determination_n to_o have_v prosecute_v it_o if_o i_o have_v have_v a_o opportunity_n have_v long_o since_o propose_v to_o myself_o the_o method_n of_o my_o enquiry_n therein_o it_o contain_v all_o the_o allurement_n that_o i_o think_v any_o enquiry_n be_v capable_a of_o for_o first_o i_o take_v it_o to_o proceed_v from_o the_o most_o simple_a principle_n that_o any_o kind_n of_o form_n can_v come_v from_o next_o the_o globular_a which_o be_v therefore_o the_o first_o i_o set_v upon_o and_o what_o i_o have_v therein_o perform_v i_o leave_v the_o judicious_a reader_n to_o determine_v for_o as_o that_o form_n proceed_v from_o a_o propiety_n of_o fluid_a body_n which_o i_o have_v call_v congruity_n or_o incongruity_n so_o i_o think_v have_v i_o time_n and_o opportunity_n i_o can_v make_v probable_a that_o all_o these_o regular_a figure_n that_o be_v so_o conspicuous_o various_a and_o curious_a and_o do_v so_o adorn_v and_o beautify_v such_o multitude_n of_o body_n as_o i_o have_v above_o hint_v arise_v only_o from_o three_o or_o four_o several_a position_n or_o posture_n of_o globular_a particle_n and_o those_o the_o most_o plain_a obvious_a and_o necessary_a conjunction_n of_o such_o figure_v particle_n that_o be_v possible_a so_o that_o suppose_v such_o and_o such_o plain_a and_o obvious_a cause_n concur_v the_o coagulate_a particle_n must_v necessary_o compose_v a_o body_n of_o such_o a_o determinate_a regular_a figure_n and_o no_o other_o and_o this_o with_o as_o much_o necessity_n and_o obviousness_n as_o a_o fluid_a body_n encompass_v with_o a_o heterogeneous_a fluid_n must_v be_v protrude_v into_o a_o spherule_n or_o globe_n and_o this_o i_o have_v ad_fw-la oculum_fw-la demonstrate_v with_o a_o company_n of_o bullet_n and_o some_o few_o other_o very_o simple_a body_n so_o that_o there_o be_v not_o any_o regular_a figure_n which_o i_o have_v hitherto_o meet_v withal_o of_o any_o of_o those_o body_n that_o i_o have_v above_o name_v that_o i_o can_v not_o with_o the_o composition_n of_o bullet_n or_o globule_n and_o one_o or_o two_o other_o body_n imitate_v even_o almost_o by_o shake_v they_o together_o and_o thus_o for_o instance_n may_v we_o find_v that_o the_o globular_a bullet_n will_v of_o themselves_o if_o put_v on_o a_o incline_a plain_n so_o that_o they_o may_v run_v together_o natural_o run_v into_o a_o triangular_a order_n compose_v all_o the_o variety_n of_o
a_o quincunx_fw-la or_o very_o much_o like_o the_o row_n of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o fly_n the_o row_n or_o order_n be_v very_o regular_a which_o way_n soever_o they_o be_v observe_v what_o the_o texture_n be_v as_o it_o appear_v through_o a_o pretty_a big_a magnify_v microscope_n i_o have_v here_o adjoin_v in_o the_o first_o figure_n of_o the_o 14._o scheme_n which_o round_o area_n abcd_n represent_v a_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n about_o one_o eight_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n those_o little_a hole_n which_o to_o the_o eye_n look_v round_o like_v so_o many_o little_a spot_n here_o appear_v very_o regular_o shape_v hole_n represent_v almost_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o sole_a of_o a_o round_o toe_v shoe_n the_o hinder_a part_n of_o which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v tread_v on_o or_o cover_v by_o the_o toe_n of_o that_o next_o below_o it_o these_o hole_n seem_v wall_v about_o with_o a_o very_a thin_a and_o transparent_a substance_n look_v of_o a_o pale_a straw-colour_n from_o the_o edge_n of_o which_o against_o the_o middle_n of_o each_o hole_n be_v sprout_v out_o four_o small_a transparent_a straw-coloured_a thorn_n which_o seem_v to_o protect_v and_o cover_v those_o cavity_n from_o either_o side_n two_o near_o the_o root_n of_o this_o plant_n be_v sprout_v out_o several_a small_a branch_n of_o a_o kind_n of_o bastard_n coralline_n curious_o branch_v though_o small_a and_o to_o confirm_v this_o have_v late_o the_o opportunity_n of_o view_v the_o large_a plant_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o of_o a_o sponge_n petrify_v of_o which_o i_o make_v mention_n in_o the_o last_o observation_n i_o find_v that_o each_o of_o the_o branch_n or_o figure_n of_o it_o do_v by_o the_o range_n of_o its_o pore_n exhibit_v just_o such_o a_o texture_n schem_n xiiii_o the_o row_n of_o pore_n cross_v one_o another_o much_o after_o the_o manner_n as_o the_o row_n of_o eye_n do_v which_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o 26._o scheme_n coralline_a also_o and_o several_a sort_n of_o white_a corâ—l_n i_o have_v with_o a_o microscope_n observe_v very_o curious_o shape_v and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o he_o that_o shall_v observe_v these_o several_a kind_n of_o plant_n that_o grow_v upon_o rock_n which_o the_o sea_n sometime_o overflow_v and_o those_o heap_n of_o other_o which_o be_v vomit_v out_o of_o it_o upon_o the_o shore_n may_v find_v multitude_n of_o little_a plant_n and_o other_o body_n which_o like_o this_o will_v afford_v very_o beautiful_a object_n for_o the_o microscope_n and_o this_o specimen_fw-la here_o be_v adjoin_v only_o to_o excite_v their_o curiosity_n who_o have_v opportunity_n of_o observe_v to_o examine_v and_o collect_v what_o they_o find_v worthy_a their_o notice_n for_o the_o sea_n among_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v also_o a_o prolifich_a mother_n and_o afford_v as_o many_o instance_n of_o spointeneous_a generation_n as_o either_o the_o air_n or_o earth_n obseru._n xxiv_o of_o the_o surface_n of_o rosemary_n and_o other_o leaf_n this_o which_o be_v delineate_v within_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o second_o figure_n of_o the_o 14._o scheme_n be_v a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o back_n or_o under_o side_n of_o a_o leaf_n of_o rosemary_n which_o i_o do_v not_o therefore_o make_v choice_n of_o because_o it_o have_v any_o thing_n peculiar_a which_o be_v not_o observable_a with_o a_o microscope_n in_o several_a other_o plant_n but_o because_o it_o exhibit_v at_o one_o view_n first_o a_o smooth_a and_o shine_a surface_n namely_o ab_fw-la which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o leaf_n that_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o they_o or_o double_n of_o the_o leaf_n appear_v on_o this_o side_n there_o be_v multitude_n of_o leaf_n who_o surface_n be_v like_o this_o smooth_a and_o as_o it_o be_v quilt_v which_o look_v like_o a_o curious_a quilt_a bag_n of_o green_a silk_n or_o like_o a_o bladder_n or_o some_o such_o pliable_a transparent_a substance_n full_o stuff_v out_o with_o a_o green_a juice_n or_o liquor_n the_o surface_n of_o rue_n or_o herbgrass_n be_v polish_a and_o all_o over_o indent_v or_o pit_v like_o the_o silk-worm_n egg_n which_o i_o shall_v anon_o describe_v the_o smooth_a surface_n of_o other_o plant_n be_v otherwise_o quilt_v nature_n in_o this_o as_o it_o be_v express_v her_o needlework_n or_o embroidery_n next_o a_o downy_a or_o bushy_a surface_n such_o as_o be_v all_o the_o under_o side_n almost_o appear_v through_o the_o microscope_n much_o like_o a_o thicket_n of_o bush_n and_o with_o this_o kind_n of_o down_o or_o hair_n the_o leaf_n and_o stalk_n of_o multitude_n of_o vegetable_n be_v cover_v and_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v as_o great_a a_o variety_n in_o the_o shape_n bulk_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o grow_a of_o these_o secundary_a plant_n as_o i_o may_v call_v they_o they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o plant_n grow_v out_o of_o a_o plant_n or_o somewhat_o like_o the_o hair_n of_o animal_n as_o there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v among_o small_a shrub_n that_o compose_v bush_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o consist_v of_o small_a transparent_a part_n some_o of_o which_o grow_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o small_a needle_n or_o bodkin_n as_o on_o the_o thistle_n cowag-ecod_a and_o nettle_n other_o in_o the_o form_n of_o cat_n be_v claw_n as_o in_o clider_n the_o beard_n of_o barley_n the_o edge_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o grass_n and_o reed_n etc._n etc._n in_o other_o as_o coltsfoot_n rose-campion_a aps_o poplar_n willow_n and_o almost_o all_o other_o downy_a plant_n they_o grow_v in_o the_o form_n of_o bush_n very_o much_o diversify_v in_o each_o particular_a plant._n that_o which_o i_o have_v before_o in_o the_o 19_o observation_n note_v on_o rose-leaf_n be_v of_o a_o quite_o differ_v kind_a and_o seem_v indeed_o a_o real_a vegetable_a distinct_a from_o the_o leaf_n three_o among_o these_o small_a bush_n be_v observable_a a_o infinite_a company_n of_o small_a round_a ball_n exact_o globular_a and_o very_o much_o resemble_v pearl_n namely_o cccc_o of_o these_o there_o may_v be_v multitude_n observe_v in_o sage_n and_o several_a other_o plant_n which_o i_o suppose_v be_v the_o reason_n why_o athanasius_n kircher_n suppose_v they_o to_o be_v all_o cover_v with_o spider_n egg_n or_o young_a spider_n which_o indeed_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o some_o kind_n of_o gummous_a exsudation_n which_o be_v always_o much_o of_o the_o same_o bigness_n at_o first_o sight_n of_o these_o i_o confess_v i_o imagine_v that_o they_o may_v have_v be_v some_o kind_n of_o matrices_fw-la or_o nourish_a receptacle_n for_o some_o small_a insect_n just_a as_o i_o have_v find_v oak-apple_n and_o multitude_n of_o such_o other_o large_a excrescency_n on_o the_o leaf_n and_o other_o part_n of_o tree_n and_o shrub_n to_o be_v for_o fly_n and_o divers_a other_o infect_v but_o observe_v they_o to_o be_v there_o all_o the_o year_n and_o scarce_o at_o all_o to_o change_v their_o magnitude_n that_o conjecture_n seem_v not_o so_o probable_a but_o what_o ever_o be_v the_o use_n of_o it_o it_o afford_v a_o very_a pleasant_a object_n through_o the_o microscope_n and_o may_v perhaps_o upon_o further_a examination_n prove_v very_o luciferous_a obseru._n xxv_o of_o the_o sting_a point_n and_o juice_n of_o nettle_n and_o some_o other_o venomous_a plant_n a_o nettle_n be_v a_o plant_n so_o well_o know_v to_o every_o one_o as_o to_o what_o the_o appearance_n of_o it_o be_v to_o the_o naked_a eye_n that_o it_o need_v no_o description_n and_o there_o be_v very_o few_o that_o have_v not_o feel_v as_o well_o as_o see_v it_o and_o therefore_o it_o will_v be_v no_o news_n to_o tell_v that_o a_o gentle_a and_o slight_a touch_n of_o the_o skin_n by_o a_o nettle_n do_v oftentime_o not_o only_o create_v very_o sensible_a and_o acute_a pain_n much_o like_o that_o of_o a_o bourn_n or_o scald_v but_o often_o also_o very_o angry_a and_o hard_a swell_n and_o inflammation_n of_o the_o part_n such_o as_o will_v present_o rise_v and_o continue_v swell_v divers_a hour_n these_o observation_n i_o say_v be_v common_a enough_o but_o how_o the_o pain_n be_v so_o sudden_o create_v and_o by_o what_o mean_v continue_v augment_v for_o a_o time_n and_o afterward_o diminish_v and_o at_o length_n quite_o extinguish_v have_v not_o that_o i_o know_v be_v explain_v by_o any_o and_o here_o we_o must_v have_v recourse_n to_o our_o microscope_n and_o that_o will_v if_o almost_o any_o part_n of_o the_o plant_n be_v look_v on_o show_v we_o the_o whole_a surface_n of_o it_o very_o thick_o set_v with_o turn-pike_n or_o sharp_a needle_n of_o the_o shape_n of_o those_o represent_v in_o the_o 15._o scheme_n and_o first_o figure_n by_o ab_fw-la which_o be_v visible_a also_o to_o the_o naked_a eye_n each_o of_o which_o consist_v of_o two_o part_n very_o distinct_a for_o shape_n and_o differ_v also_o in_o quality_n
form_n to_o those_o of_o mineral_n air_n and_o water_n have_v no_o form_n at_o all_o unless_o a_o potentiality_n to_o be_v form_v into_o globules_n and_o the_o clod_n and_o parcel_n of_o earth_n be_v all_o irregular_a whereas_o in_o mineral_n she_o do_v begin_v to_o geometrize_v and_o practice_v as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o principle_n of_o mechanic_n shape_a they_o of_o plain_a regular_a figure_n as_o triangle_n square_n etc._n etc._n and_o tetraedron_n cube_n etc._n etc._n but_o none_o of_o their_o form_n be_v comparable_a to_o the_o more_o compound_v one_o of_o vegetable_n for_o here_o she_o go_v a_o step_n further_o form_v they_o both_o of_o more_o complicate_v shape_n and_o add_v also_o multitude_n of_o curious_a mechanic_n contrivance_n in_o their_o structure_n for_o whereas_o in_o vegetable_n there_o be_v no_o determinate_a number_n of_o the_o leaf_n or_o branch_n nor_o no_o exact_o certain_a figure_n of_o leaf_n or_o flower_n or_o seed_n in_o animal_n all_o those_o thing_n be_v exact_o define_v and_o determine_v and_o wherever_o there_o be_v either_o a_o excess_n or_o defect_n of_o those_o determinate_a part_n or_o limb_n there_o have_v be_v some_o impediment_n that_o have_v spoil_v the_o principle_n which_o be_v most_o regular_a here_o we_o shall_v find_v not_o only_o most_o curious_o compound_v shape_n but_o most_o stupendous_a mechanism_n and_o contrivance_n here_o the_o ornament_n be_v in_o the_o high_a perfection_n nothing_o in_o all_o the_o vegetable_a kingdom_n that_o be_v comparable_a to_o the_o decking_n of_o a_o peacock_n nay_o to_o the_o curiosity_n of_o any_o feather_n as_o i_o elsewhere_o show_v nor_o to_o that_o of_o the_o small_a and_o most_o despicable_a fly_n but_o i_o must_v not_o stay_v on_o these_o speculation_n though_o perhaps_o it_o be_v very_o well_o worth_a while_n for_o one_o that_o have_v leisure_n to_o see_v what_o information_n may_v be_v learn_v of_o the_o nature_n or_o use_v or_o virtue_n of_o body_n by_o their_o several_a form_n and_o various_a excellency_n and_o property_n who_o know_v but_o adam_n may_v from_o some_o such_o contemplation_n give_v name_n to_o all_o creature_n if_o at_o least_o his_o name_n have_v any_o significancy_n in_o they_o of_o the_o creatures_n nature_n on_o which_o he_o impose_v it_o as_o many_o upon_o what_o ground_n i_o know_v not_o have_v suppose_v and_o who_o know_v but_o the_o creator_n may_v in_o those_o character_n have_v write_v and_o engrave_v many_o of_o his_o most_o mysterious_a design_n and_o counsel_n and_o give_v man_n a_o capacity_n which_o assist_v with_o diligence_n and_o industry_n may_v be_v able_a to_o read_v and_o understand_v they_o but_o not_o to_o multiply_v my_o digression_n more_o than_o i_o can_v the_o time_n i_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o next_o which_o be_v obseru._n xxx_o of_o the_o seed_n of_o poppy_n the_o small_a seed_n of_o poppy_n which_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o 19_o scheme_n both_o for_o their_o smallness_n multiplicity_n and_o prettiness_n as_o also_o for_o their_o admirable_a soporifick_a quality_n deserve_v to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o among_o the_o schem_n xix_o schem_n xx._n other_o microscopical_a seed_n of_o vegetable_n for_o first_o though_o they_o grow_v in_o a_o case_n or_o hive_n oftentimes_o big_a than_o one_o of_o these_o picture_n of_o the_o microscopical_a appearance_n yet_o be_v they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o very_o little_a that_o they_o exceed_v not_o the_o bulk_n of_o a_o small_a nitt_n be_v not_o above_o â—_o 32_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n whereas_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o hive_n of_o they_o oftentimes_o exceed_v two_o inch_n so_o that_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o contain_v near_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o and_o so_o in_o all_o likelihood_n do_v contain_v a_o vast_a quantity_n though_o perhaps_o not_o that_o number_n next_o for_o their_o prettiness_n they_o may_v be_v compare_v to_o any_o microscopical_a seed_n i_o have_v yet_o see_v for_o they_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a brownish_a red_a colour_n curious_o honey_n comb_v all_o over_o with_o a_o very_a pretty_a variety_n of_o network_n or_o a_o small_a kind_n of_o imbosment_n of_o very_o orderly_o raise_v ridge_n the_o surface_n of_o they_o look_v not_o unlike_o the_o inside_n of_o a_o beev'_v stomach_n but_o that_o which_o make_v it_o most_o considerable_a of_o all_o be_v the_o medicinal_a virtue_n of_o it_o which_o be_v such_o as_o be_v not_o afford_v we_o by_o any_o mineral_n preparation_n and_o that_o be_v for_o the_o procure_n of_o sleep_n a_o thing_n as_o necessary_a to_o the_o well-being_n of_o a_o creature_n as_o his_o meat_n and_o that_o which_o refresh_v both_o the_o voluntary_a and_o rational_a faculty_n which_o while_o this_o affection_n have_v seize_v the_o body_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n unmoved_a and_o at_o rest_n and_o methinks_v nature_n do_v seem_v to_o hint_n some_o very_a notable_a virtue_n or_o excellency_n in_o this_o plant_n from_o the_o curiosity_n it_o have_v bestow_v upon_o it_o first_o in_o its_o flower_n it_o be_v of_o the_o high_a scarlet-dye_a which_o be_v indeed_o the_o prime_n and_o chief_a colour_n and_o have_v be_v in_o all_o age_n of_o the_o world_n most_o high_o esteem_v next_o it_o have_v as_o much_o curiosity_n show_v also_o in_o the_o husk_n or_o case_n of_o the_o seed_n as_o any_o one_o plant_n i_o have_v yet_o meet_v withal_o and_o three_o the_o very_a seed_n themselves_o the_o microscope_n discover_v to_o be_v very_o curious_o shape_v body_n and_o last_o nature_n have_v take_v such_o abundant_a care_n for_o the_o propagation_n of_o it_o that_o one_o single_a seed_n grow_v into_o a_o plant_n be_v capable_a of_o bring_v some_o hundred_o thousand_o of_o seed_n it_o be_v very_o worthy_a some_o able_a man_n enquiry_n whether_o the_o intention_n of_o nature_n as_o to_o the_o secundary_a end_n of_o animal_n and_o vegetable_a substance_n may_v not_o be_v find_v out_o by_o some_o such_o character_n and_o notable_a impression_n as_o these_o or_o from_o divers_a other_o circumstance_n as_o the_o figure_n colour_n place_n time_n of_o flourish_a spring_a and_o fade_v duration_n taste_n smell_v etc._n etc._n for_o if_o such_o there_o be_v as_o a_o able_a physician_n upon_o good_a ground_n have_v give_v i_o cause_n to_o believe_v we_o may_v then_o instead_o of_o study_v herbal_n where_o so_o little_o be_v deliver_v of_o the_o virtue_n of_o a_o plant_n and_o less_o of_o truth_n have_v recourse_n to_o the_o book_n of_o nature_n itself_o and_o there_o find_v the_o most_o natural_a useful_a and_o most_o effectual_a and_o specific_a medicine_n of_o which_o we_o have_v among_o vegetable_n two_o very_a noble_a instance_n to_o encourage_v such_o a_o hope_n the_o one_o of_o the_o jesuite_n powder_n for_o the_o cure_n of_o intermit_a feaâ—â—â—s_n and_o the_o other_o of_o the_o juice_n of_o poppy_n for_o the_o cure_v the_o defect_n of_o sleep_v obseru._n xxxi_o of_o purslane-seed_n the_o seed_n of_o purslane_n seem_v of_o very_o notable_a shape_n appear_v through_o the_o microscope_n shape_v somewhat_o like_o a_o nautilus_fw-la or_o porcelain_n shell_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o xx._n scheme_n it_o be_v a_o small_a body_n coyl_v round_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o spiral_n at_o the_o great_a end_n whereof_o which_o represent_v the_o mouth_n or_o orifice_n of_o the_o shell_n there_o be_v leave_v a_o little_a white_a transparent_a substance_n like_o a_o skin_n represent_v by_o bbbb_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o place_n whereunto_o the_o stem_n be_v join_v the_o whole_a surface_n of_o this_o coclea_fw-la or_o shell_n be_v cover_v over_o with_o abundance_n of_o little_a prominency_n or_o button_n very_o orderly_o range_v into_o spiral_n row_n the_o shape_n of_o each_o of_o which_o seem_v much_o to_o resemble_v a_o wart_n upon_o a_o man_n hand_n the_o order_n variety_n and_o curiosity_n in_o the_o shape_n of_o this_o little_a seed_n make_v it_o a_o very_a pleasant_a object_n for_o the_o microscope_n one_o of_o they_o be_v cut_v asunder_o with_o a_o very_a sharp_a penknife_n discover_v this_o carve_a casket_n to_o be_v of_o a_o brownish_a red_a and_o somewhat_o transparent_a substance_n and_o manifest_v the_o inside_n to_o be_v fill_v with_o a_o whitish_a green_a substance_n or_o pulp_n the_o bed_n wherein_o the_o seminal_a principle_n lie_v enveloped_v there_o be_v multitude_n of_o other_o seed_n which_o in_o shape_n represent_v or_o imitate_v the_o form_n of_o divers_a other_o sort_n of_o shell_n as_o the_o seed_n of_o scurvygrass_n very_o much_o resemble_v the_o make_v of_o a_o concha_n venerea_fw-la a_o kind_n of_o purcelane_n shell_n other_o represent_v several_a sort_n of_o large_a fruit_n sweat_n marjerome_n and_o pot-marjerome_a represent_v olive_n carret_n seed_n be_v like_o a_o cleave_v of_o a_o cocoanut_n husk_n other_o be_v like_o artificial_a thing_n as_o succory_n seed_n be_v like_o a_o quiver_n full_a
activity_n cause_n as_o great_a a_o parcel_n of_o earth_n to_o fly_v on_o wing_n in_o the_o air_n as_o it_o do_v of_o water_n in_o steam_n and_o vapour_n and_o what_o swarm_n must_v we_o suppose_v to_o be_v send_v out_o of_o those_o plentiful_a inundation_n of_o water_n which_o be_v pour_v down_o by_o the_o sluice_n of_o rain_n in_o such_o vast_a quantity_n so_o that_o we_o need_v not_o much_o wonder_n at_o those_o innumerable_a cloud_n of_o locust_n with_o which_o africa_n and_o other_o hot_a country_n be_v so_o pester_v since_o in_o those_o place_n be_v find_v all_o the_o convenient_a cause_n of_o their_o production_n namely_o genitor_n or_o parent_n concurrent_a receptacle_n or_o matrix_n and_o a_o sufficient_a degree_n of_o natural_a heat_n and_o moisture_n i_o be_v go_v to_o annex_v a_o little_a draught_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o those_o nut_n send_v out_o of_o devonshire_n but_o chance_v to_o examine_v mr._n parkinson_n herbal_a for_o something_o else_o and_o particular_o about_o gall_n and_o oak-apple_n i_o find_v among_o no_o less_o than_o 24._o several_a kind_n of_o excrescency_n of_o the_o oak_n which_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o upon_o examination_n will_v be_v all_o find_v to_o be_v the_o matrix_n of_o so_o many_o several_a kind_n of_o infect_v i_o have_v observe_v many_o of_o they_o myself_o to_o be_v so_o among_o 24._o several_a kind_n i_o say_v i_o find_v one_o describe_v and_o figure_v direct_o like_o that_o which_o i_o have_v by_o i_o the_o scheme_n be_v there_o to_o be_v see_v the_o description_n because_o but_o short_a i_o have_v here_o adjoin_v theatri_fw-la botanici_fw-la trib_o 16._o chap._n 2._o there_o grow_v at_o the_o root_n of_o old_a oak_n in_o the_o springtime_n and_o semetimes_o also_o in_o the_o very_a heat_n of_o summer_n a_o peculiar_a kind_n of_o mushroom_n or_o excrescence_n call_v wa_z quercina_fw-la swell_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n many_o grow_a one_o close_o unto_o another_o of_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o grape_n and_o therefore_o take_v the_o name_n the_o oak-grape_n and_o be_v of_o a_o purplish_a colour_n on_o the_o outside_n schem_n xxviii_o and_o white_a within_o like_a milk_n and_o in_o the_o end_n of_o summer_n become_v hard_a and_o woody_a whether_o this_o be_v the_o very_a same_o kind_n i_o can_v affirm_v but_o both_o the_o picture_n and_o description_n come_v very_o near_o to_o that_o i_o have_v but_o that_o he_o seem_v not_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o hollowness_n or_o worm_n for_o which_o it_o be_v most_o observable_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a if_o man_n do_v but_o take_v notice_n they_o may_v find_v very_o many_o differ_a species_n of_o these_o nut_n ovary_n or_o matrix_n and_o all_o of_o they_o to_o have_v much_o the_o same_o designation_n and_o office_n and_o i_o have_v very_o late_o find_v several_a kind_n of_o excrescency_n on_o tree_n and_o shrub_n which_o have_v endure_v the_o winter_n upon_o open_v they_o i_o find_v most_o of_o they_o to_o contain_v little_a worm_n but_o dead_a those_o thing_n that_o contain_v they_o be_v wither_v and_o dry_a obseru._n xliv_o of_o the_o tusted_a or_o brush-borned_a gnat._n this_o little_a creature_n be_v one_o of_o those_o multitude_n that_o fill_v our_o english_a air_n all_o the_o time_n that_o warm_a weather_n last_v and_o be_v exact_o of_o the_o shape_n of_o that_o i_o observe_v to_o be_v generate_v and_o hatch_v out_o of_o those_o little_a infect_v that_o wriggle_v up_o and_o down_o in_o rain-water_n but_o though_o many_o be_v of_o this_o form_n yet_o i_o observe_v other_o to_o be_v of_o quite_o other_o kind_n nor_o be_v all_o of_o this_o or_o the_o other_o kind_n generate_v out_o of_o water_n infect_v for_o whereas_o i_o observe_v that_o those_o that_o proceed_v from_o those_o infect_v be_v at_o their_o full_a growth_n i_o have_v also_o find_v multitude_n of_o the_o same_o shape_n but_o much_o small_a and_o tender_a seem_n to_o be_v very_o young_a one_o creep_v up_o and_o down_o upon_o the_o leaf_n of_o tree_n and_o fly_v up_o and_o down_o in_o small_a cluster_n in_o place_n very_o remote_a from_o water_n and_o this_o spring_n i_o oberve_v one_o day_n when_o the_o wind_n be_v very_o calm_a and_o the_o afternoon_n very_o fair_a and_o pretty_a warm_a though_o it_o have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n be_v very_o cold_a weather_n and_o the_o wind_n continue_v still_o in_o the_o east_n several_a small_a swarm_n of_o they_o play_v to_o and_o fro_o in_o little_a cloud_n in_o the_o sun_n each_o of_o which_o be_v not_o a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o one_o of_o these_o i_o here_o have_v delineate_v though_o very_o much_o of_o the_o same_o shape_n which_o make_v i_o guess_v that_o each_o of_o those_o swarm_n may_v be_v the_o offspring_n of_o one_o only_a gnat_n which_o have_v be_v hoard_a up_o in_o some_o safe_a repository_n all_o this_o winter_n by_o some_o provident_a parent_n and_o be_v now_o by_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o spring-air_n hatch_v into_o little_a fly_n and_o indeed_o so_o various_a and_o seem_o irregular_a be_v the_o generation_n or_o production_n of_o infect_v that_o he_o that_o shall_v careful_o and_o diligent_o observe_v the_o several_a method_n of_o nature_n therein_o will_v have_v infinite_o cause_n further_o to_o admire_v the_o wisdom_n and_o providence_n of_o the_o creator_n for_o not_o only_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o creature_n may_v be_v produce_v from_o several_a kind_n of_o way_n but_o the_o very_a same_o creature_n may_v produce_v several_a kind_n for_o as_o divers_a watch_n may_v be_v make_v out_o of_o several_a material_n which_o may_v yet_o have_v all_o the_o same_o appearance_n and_o move_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o be_v sâ—â—w_v the_o hour_n equal_o true_a the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o and_o out_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o matter_n like_o watch_n may_v be_v wrought_v differ_v way_n and_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o watch_n may_v by_o be_v diverse_o agitate_a or_o move_v by_o this_o or_o that_o agent_n or_o after_o this_o or_o that_o manner_n produce_v a_o quite_o contrary_a effect_n so_o may_v it_o be_v with_o these_o most_o curious_a engine_n of_o insect_n body_n the_o alwise_a god_n of_o nature_n may_v have_v so_o order_v and_o dispose_v the_o little_a automatons_n that_o when_o nourish_v act_v or_o enliven_v by_o this_o cause_n they_o produce_v one_o kind_n of_o effect_n or_o animate_v shape_n when_o by_o another_o they_o act_n quite_o another_o way_n and_o another_o animal_n be_v produce_v so_o may_v he_o so_o order_v several_a material_n as_o to_o make_v they_o by_o several_a kind_n of_o method_n produce_v similar_v automatons_n but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o description_n of_o this_o insect_n as_o it_o appear_v through_o a_o microscope_n of_o which_o a_o representation_n be_v make_v in_o the_o 28._o scheme_n it_o be_v head_n a_o be_v exceed_v small_a in_o proportion_n to_o its_o body_n consist_v of_o two_o cluster_n of_o pearl_a eye_n bb_v on_o each_o side_n of_o its_o head_n who_o pearl_n or_o eyeball_n be_v curious_o range_v like_o those_o of_o other_o fly_n between_o these_o in_o the_o forehead_n of_o it_o there_o be_v place_v upon_o two_o small_a black_a ball_n cc_o two_o long_o joint_v horn_n taper_v towards_o the_o top_n much_o resemble_v the_o long_a horn_n of_o lobster_n each_o of_o who_o stem_n or_o quill_n dd_a be_v bristle_a or_o brush_v with_o multitude_n of_o small_a stiff_a hair_n issue_v out_o every_o way_n from_o the_o several_a joint_n like_o the_o string_n or_o sprouting_n of_o the_o herb_n horse-tail_n which_o be_v oft_o observe_v to_o grow_v among_o corn_n and_o for_o the_o whole_a shape_n it_o do_v very_o much_o resemble_v those_o brushy_a vegetable_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v two_o other_o joint_v and_o bristle_a horn_n or_o feeler_n i_o in_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o head_n and_o a_o proboseis_n f_o underneath_o which_o in_o some_o gnat_n be_v very_o long_o straight_o hollow_a pipe_n by_o which_o these_o creature_n be_v able_a to_o drill_v and_o penetrate_v the_o skin_n and_o thence_o through_o those_o pipe_n suck_v so_o much_o blood_n as_o to_o stuff_v their_o belly_n so_o full_a till_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o burst_v this_o small_a head_n with_o its_o appurtenance_n be_v fasten_v on_o by_o a_o short_a neck_n g_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o thorax_n which_o be_v large_a and_o seem_v case_v with_o a_o strong_a black_a shell_n hik_fw-mi out_o of_o the_o under_o part_n of_o which_o issue_n six_o long_a and_o slender_a leg_n llllll_n shape_v just_a like_o the_o leg_n of_o fly_n but_o spin_v or_o draw_v out_o long_o and_o slendere_a which_o can_v not_o be_v express_v in_o the_o figure_n because_o of_o their_o great_a length_n and_o from_o the_o upper_a part_n two_o oblong_a but_o slender_a transparent_a wing_n mm_o
the_o penumbra_fw-mi which_o be_v the_o shadow_n of_o the_o refract_a atmosphere_n for_o the_o bend_n of_o the_o ray_n be_v altogether_o cause_v by_o inflection_n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v all_o that_o part_n which_o be_v ascribe_v by_o kepler_n and_o other_o after_o he_o to_o the_o penumbra_fw-mi or_o dark_a part_n which_o be_v without_o the_o umbra_fw-la terroe_n do_v clear_o vanish_v for_o in_o this_o hypothesis_n there_o be_v no_o refracting_a surface_n of_o the_o air_n and_o consequent_o there_o can_v be_v no_o shadow_n such_o as_o appear_v in_o the_o nine_o figure_n of_o the_o 37._o scheme_n where_o let_v abcd_v represent_v the_o earth_n and_o efgh_v the_o atmosphere_n which_o according_a to_o keplers_n supposition_n be_v like_o a_o sphere_n of_o water_n terminate_v with_o a_o exact_a surface_n efgh_o let_v the_o line_n mf_n lb_n id_fw-la kh_n represent_v the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o all_o the_o ray_n between_o lb_n and_o id_fw-la will_v be_v reflect_v by_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n bad_a and_o consequent_o the_o conical_a space_n bod_z will_v be_v dark_a and_o obscure_a but_o say_v the_o follower_n of_o kepler_n the_o ray_n between_o mf_n and_o lb_n and_o between_o id_fw-la and_o kh_n fall_v on_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v refract_v both_o at_o their_o ingress_n and_o egress_n out_o of_o the_o atmosphere_n near_o towards_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o spaerical_a shadow_n co_n and_o consequent_o enlighten_v a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o former_a dark_a cone_n and_o shorten_v and_o contract_n its_o top_n to_o n._n and_o because_o of_o this_o reflection_n of_o these_o ray_n say_v they_o there_o be_v superinduce_v another_o shell_n of_o a_o dark_a cone_n fph_n who_o apex_n p_o be_v yet_o further_o distant_a from_o the_o earth_n by_o this_o penumbra_fw-mi say_v they_o the_o moon_n be_v eclipse_v for_o it_o always_o pass_v between_o the_o line_n 1_o 2_o and_o 3_o 4._o to_o which_o i_o say_v that_o if_o the_o air_n be_v such_o as_o i_o have_v new_o show_v it_o to_o be_v and_o consequent_o cause_v such_o a_o inflection_n of_o the_o ray_n that_o fall_v into_o it_o those_o dark_a penumbra_n fyzqhxut_n and_o orps_n will_v all_o vanish_v for_o if_o we_o suppose_v the_o air_n indefinite_o extend_v and_o to_o be_v no_o where_o bound_v with_o a_o determinate_a refract_a surface_n as_o i_o have_v show_v it_o uncapable_a of_o have_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o moon_n will_v no_o where_o be_v total_o obscure_v but_o when_o it_o be_v below_o the_o apex_n n_o of_o the_o dark_a blunt_a cone_n of_o the_o earth_n shadow_n now_o from_o the_o supposition_n that_o the_o sun_n be_v distant_a about_o seven_o thousand_o diameter_n the_o point_n n_o according_a to_o calculation_n be_v not_o above_o twenty_o five_o terrestrial_a semidiameter_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o follow_v that_o whensoever_o the_o moon_n eclipse_v be_v total_o darken_v without_o afford_v any_o kind_n of_o light_n it_o must_v be_v within_o twenty_o five_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o consequent_o much_o low_a than_o any_o astronomer_n have_v hitherto_o put_v it_o this_o will_v seem_v much_o more_o consonant_a to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o secundary_a planet_n for_o the_o high_a of_o jupiter_n moon_n be_v between_o twenty_o and_o thirty_o jovial_a semidiameter_n distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o jupiter_n and_o the_o moon_n of_o saturn_n much_o about_o the_o same_o number_n of_o saturnial_a semidiameter_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o that_o planet_n but_o these_o be_v but_o conjecture_n also_o and_o must_v be_v determine_v by_o such_o kind_n of_o observation_n as_o i_o have_v new_o mention_v nor_o will_v it_o be_v difficult_a by_o this_o hypothesis_n to_o salve_v all_o the_o appearance_n of_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n for_o in_o this_o hypothesis_n also_o there_o will_v be_v on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n a_o penumbra_fw-la not_o cause_v by_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o air_n as_o in_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o kepler_n but_o by_o the_o faint_a enlighten_v of_o it_o by_o the_o sun_n for_o if_o in_o the_o six_o figure_n we_o suppose_v esq_n and_o gsr_n to_o be_v the_o ray_n that_o terminate_v the_o shadow_n from_o either_o side_n of_o the_o earth_n esq_n come_v from_o the_o upper_a limb_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o gsr_n from_o the_o under_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n within_o those_o ray_n that_o be_v the_o cone_n gse_n will_v be_v total_o dark_a but_o the_o sun_n be_v not_o a_o point_n but_o a_o large_a area_n of_o light_n there_o will_v be_v a_o secondary_a dark_a cone_n of_o shadow_n epg_n which_o will_v be_v cause_v by_o the_o earth_n hinder_v part_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o fall_v on_o the_o part_n gpr_fw-la and_o epq_n of_o which_o halve_v shadow_n or_o penumbra_n that_o part_n will_v appear_v bright_a which_o lie_v near_a the_o terminate_a ray_n gp_v and_o ep_n and_o those_o dark_a that_o lie_v near_o to_o g_n and_o es_fw-ge when_o therefore_o the_o moon_n appear_v quite_o dark_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o eclipse_n she_o must_v be_v below_o s_o that_o be_v between_o saint_n and_o f_o when_o she_o appear_v light_a near_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o eclipse_n she_o must_v pass_v some_o where_o between_o rq_n and_o saint_n and_o when_o she_o be_v alike_o light_a through_o the_o whole_a eclipse_n she_o must_v pass_v between_o rq_n and_o p._n obseru._n lix_n of_o multitude_n of_o small_a star_n discoverable_a by_o the_o telescope_n have_v in_o the_o last_o observation_n premise_v some_o particular_n observable_a in_o the_o medium_n through_o which_o we_o must_v look_v upon_o celestial_a object_n i_o shall_v here_o add_v one_o observation_n of_o the_o body_n themselves_o and_o for_o a_o specimen_fw-la i_o have_v make_v choice_n of_o the_o pleyade_n or_o seven_o star_n common_o so_o call_v though_o in_o our_o time_n and_o climate_n there_o appear_v no_o more_o than_o six_o to_o the_o naked_a eye_n and_o this_o i_o do_v the_o rather_o because_o the_o deserve_o famous_a galileo_n have_v publish_v a_o picture_n of_o this_o asterisme_n be_v able_a it_o seem_v with_o his_o glass_n to_o discover_v no_o more_o than_o thirty_o six_o whereas_o with_o a_o pretty_a good_a twelve_o foot_n telescope_n by_o which_o i_o draw_v this_o 38_o iconism_n i_o can_v very_o plain_o discover_v seventy_o eight_o place_v in_o the_o order_n they_o be_v range_v in_o the_o figure_n and_o of_o as_o many_o differ_a magnitude_n as_o the_o asterisk_n wherewith_o they_o be_v mark_v do_v specify_v there_o be_v no_o less_o than_o fourteen_o several_a magnitude_n of_o those_o star_n which_o be_v comprise_v within_o the_o draught_n the_o big_a whereof_o be_v not_o account_v great_a than_o one_o of_o the_o three_o magnitude_n and_o indeed_o that_o account_n be_v much_o too_o big_a if_o it_o be_v compare_v with_o other_o star_n of_o the_o three_o magnitude_n especial_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o telescope_n for_o then_o by_o it_o may_v be_v perceive_v that_o its_o splendour_n to_o the_o naked_a eye_n may_v be_v somewhat_o augment_v by_o the_o three_o little_a star_n immediate_o above_o it_o which_o be_v near_o adjoin_v to_o it_o the_o telescope_n also_o discover_v a_o great_a variety_n even_o in_o the_o bigness_n of_o those_o common_o reckon_v of_o the_o first_o second_o three_o four_o five_o and_o six_o magnitude_n so_o that_o shall_v they_o be_v distinguish_v thereby_o those_o six_o magnitude_n will_v at_o least_o afford_v no_o less_o than_o thrice_o that_o number_n of_o magnitude_n plain_o enough_o distinguishable_a by_o their_o magnitude_n and_o brightness_n so_o that_o a_o good_a twelve_o foot_n glass_n will_v afford_v we_o no_o less_o than_o twenty_o five_o several_a magnitude_n nor_o be_v these_o all_o but_o a_o long_a glass_n do_v yet_o further_o both_o more_o nice_o distinguish_v the_o magnitude_n of_o those_o already_o note_v and_o also_o discover_v several_a other_o of_o small_a magnitude_n not_o discernible_a by_o the_o twelve_o foot_n glass_n thus_o have_v i_o be_v able_a with_o a_o good_a thirty_o six_o foot_n glass_n to_o discover_v many_o more_o star_n in_o the_o pleyade_n then_o be_v here_o delineate_v and_o those_o of_o three_o or_o four_o distinct_a magnitude_n less_o than_o any_o of_o those_o spot_n of_o the_o fourteen_o magnitude_n and_o by_o the_o twinkle_n of_o divers_a other_o place_n of_o this_o asterisme_n when_o the_o sky_n be_v very_o clear_a i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o with_o long_a glass_n or_o such_o as_o will_v bear_v a_o big_a aperture_n there_o may_v be_v discover_v multitude_n of_o other_o small_a star_n yet_o inconspicuous_a and_o indeed_o for_o the_o discovery_n of_o small_a star_n the_o big_a the_o aperture_n be_v the_o better_a adapt_v be_v
agitate_a undermine_v or_o heave_v up_o by_o eruption_n of_o vapour_n may_v natural_o be_v throw_v into_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o figure_a hole_n as_o the_o small_a dust_n or_o powder_n of_o alabaster_n next_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v generate_v within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o moon_n divers_a such_o kind_n of_o internal_a fire_n and_o heat_n as_o may_v produce_v such_o exhalation_n for_o since_o we_o can_v plain_o enough_o discover_v with_o a_o telescope_n that_o there_o be_v multitude_n of_o such_o kind_n of_o eruption_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n itself_o which_o be_v account_v the_o most_o noble_a aetherial_a body_n certain_o we_o need_v not_o be_v much_o scandalize_v at_o such_o kind_n of_o alteration_n or_o corruption_n in_o the_o body_n of_o this_o low_a and_o less_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o universe_n the_o moon_n which_o be_v only_o secundary_a or_o attendant_n on_o the_o big_a and_o more_o considerable_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n three_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a but_o that_o suppose_v such_o a_o sandy_a or_o moulder_a substance_n to_o be_v there_o find_v and_o suppose_v also_o a_o possibility_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o internal_a elastical_a body_n whether_o you_o will_v call_v it_o air_n or_o vapour_n it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a i_o say_v but_o that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o moon_n a_o principle_n of_o gravitation_n such_o as_o in_o the_o earth_n and_o to_o make_v this_o probable_a i_o think_v we_o need_v no_o better_a argument_n than_o the_o roundness_n or_o globular_a figure_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o moon_n itself_o which_o we_o may_v perceive_v very_o plain_o by_o the_o telescope_n to_o be_v bate_v the_o small_a inequality_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o vale_n in_o it_o which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o likewise_o shape_v or_o level_v as_o it_o be_v to_o answer_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o moon_n body_n perfect_o of_o a_o spherical_a figure_n that_o be_v all_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v so_o range_v bate_v the_o comparitive_o small_a ruggedness_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o dale_n that_o the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o they_o be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o consequent_o it_o be_v exceed_o probable_a also_o that_o they_o be_v equidistant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o gravitation_n and_o indeed_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v so_o exact_o shape_v according_a as_o they_o shall_v be_v suppose_v it_o have_v a_o gravitating_a principle_n as_o the_o earth_n have_v that_o even_o the_o figure_n of_o those_o part_n themselves_o be_v of_o sufficient_a efficacy_n to_o make_v the_o gravitation_n and_o the_o other_o two_o supposition_n probable_a so_o that_o the_o other_o supposition_n may_v be_v rather_o prove_v by_o this_o considerable_a circumstance_n or_o observation_n than_o this_o suppose_a explication_n can_v by_o they_o for_o he_o that_o shall_v attentive_o observe_v with_o a_o excellent_a telescope_n how_o all_o the_o circumstance_n notable_a in_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o superficial_a part_n be_v as_o it_o be_v exact_o adapt_v to_o suit_n with_o such_o a_o principle_n will_n if_o he_o well_o consider_v the_o usual_a method_n of_o nature_n in_o its_o other_o proceed_n find_v abundant_a argument_n to_o believe_v it_o to_o have_v real_o there_o also_o such_o a_o principle_n for_o i_o can_v never_o observe_v among_o all_o the_o mountainous_a or_o prominent_a part_n of_o the_o moon_n whereof_o there_o be_v a_o huge_a variety_n that_o any_o one_o part_n of_o it_o be_v place_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o gravitate_v or_o attract_v principle_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o moon_n it_o will_v make_v that_o part_n to_o fall_v or_o be_v move_v out_o of_o its_o visible_a posture_n next_o the_o shape_n and_o position_n of_o the_o part_n be_v such_o that_o they_o all_o seem_v put_v into_o those_o very_a shape_n they_o be_v in_o by_o a_o gravitating_a power_n for_o first_o there_o be_v but_o very_o few_o cliff_n or_o very_o steep_a declivity_n in_o the_o ascent_n of_o these_o mountain_n for_o beside_o those_o mountain_n which_o be_v by_o hevelius_n call_v the_o apennine_a mountain_n and_o some_o other_o which_o seem_v to_o border_n on_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o those_o only_o upon_o one_o side_n as_o be_v common_a also_o in_o those_o hill_n that_o be_v here_o on_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v very_o few_o that_o seem_v to_o have_v very_o steep_a ascent_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v make_v very_o round_o and_o much_o resemble_v the_o make_v of_o the_o hill_n and_o mountain_n also_o of_o the_o earth_n this_o may_v be_v partly_o perceive_v by_o the_o hill_n encompass_v this_o vale_n which_o i_o have_v here_o describe_v and_o as_o on_o the_o earth_n also_o the_o middle_n most_o of_o these_o hill_n seem_v the_o high_a so_o be_v it_o obvious_a also_o through_o a_o good_a telescope_n in_o those_o of_o the_o moon_n the_o vale_n also_o in_o many_o be_v much_o shape_v like_o those_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o can_v we_o look_v upon_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o moon_n with_o a_o good_a telescope_n we_o may_v easy_o enough_o perceive_v its_o surface_n to_o be_v very_o much_o like_o that_o of_o the_o moon_n now_o whereas_o in_o this_o small_a draught_n as_o there_o will_v be_v multitude_n if_o the_o whole_a moon_n be_v draw_v after_o this_o manner_n there_o be_v several_a little_a ebullition_n or_o dish_n even_o in_o the_o vale_n themselves_o and_o in_o the_o encompass_v hill_n also_o this_o will_n from_o this_o supposition_n which_o i_o have_v i_o think_v upon_o very_o good_a reason_n take_v be_v exceed_v easy_o explicable_a for_o as_o i_o have_v several_a time_n also_o observe_v in_o the_o surface_n of_o alabaster_n so_o order_v as_o i_o before_o describe_v so_o may_v the_o late_a eruption_n of_o vapour_n be_v even_o in_o the_o middle_n or_o on_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o former_a and_o other_o succeed_a these_o also_o in_o time_n may_v be_v in_o the_o middle_n or_o edge_n of_o these_o etc._n etc._n of_o which_o there_o be_v instance_n enough_o in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o by_o a_o boil_a pot_n of_o alabaster_n will_v be_v sufficient_o exemplify_v to_o conclude_v therefore_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o moon_n have_v a_o principle_n of_o gravitation_n it_o afford_v a_o excellent_a distinguish_a instance_n in_o the_o search_n after_o the_o cause_n of_o gravitation_n or_o attraction_n to_o hint_n that_o it_o do_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o diurnal_a or_o turbinated_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o some_o have_v somewhat_o inconsiderate_o suppose_v and_o affirm_v it_o to_o do_v for_o if_o the_o moon_n have_v a_o attractive_a principle_n whereby_o it_o be_v not_o only_o shape_v round_o but_o do_v firm_o contain_v and_o hold_v all_o its_o part_n unite_v though_o many_o of_o they_o seem_v as_o loose_v as_o the_o sand_n on_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v not_o move_v about_o its_o centre_n then_o certain_o the_o turbination_n can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o attraction_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o some_o other_o principle_n must_v be_v think_v of_o that_o will_v agree_v with_o all_o the_o secundary_a as_o well_o as_o primary_n planet_n but_o this_o i_o confess_v be_v but_o a_o probability_n and_o not_o a_o demonstration_n which_o from_o any_o observation_n yet_o make_v it_o seem_v hardly_o capable_a of_o though_o how_o successful_a future_a endeavour_n promote_v by_o the_o meliorate_n of_o glass_n and_o observe_v particular_a circumstance_n may_v be_v in_o this_o or_o any_o other_o kind_a must_v be_v with_o patience_n expect_v finis_fw-la the_o table_n observat._n 1._o of_o the_o point_n of_o a_o needle_n a_o description_n of_o it_o what_o other_o body_n have_v the_o sharp_a point_n of_o the_o ruggedness_n of_o polish_a metal_n a_o description_n of_o a_o print_a point_n of_o very_o small_a writing_n and_o the_o use_n of_o it_o for_o secret_a intelligence_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o coursness_n of_o print_a line_n and_o point_n obseru._n 2._o of_o the_o edge_n of_o a_o razor_n a_o description_n of_o it_o the_o cause_n of_o its_o roughness_n of_o the_o roughness_n of_o very_a well_o polish_a optic_a glass_n obser._n 3_o of_o fine_a lawn_n a_o description_n of_o it_o a_o silken_a flax_n mention_v a_o attempt_n to_o explicate_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o it_o with_o a_o conjecture_n at_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o gloss_n of_o silk_n obseru._n 4._o of_o tabby_n a_o short_a description_n of_o it_o a_o conjecture_n about_o the_o reason_n why_o silk_n be_v so_o susceptible_a of_o vivid_v colour_n and_o why_o flax_n and_o hair_n be_v not_o a_o conjecture_n that_o it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v possible_a to_o spin_v
of_o the_o gravity_n and_o incongruity_n of_o the_o fluid_v one_o to_o another_o as_o suppose_v the_o subjacent_a medium_n that_o hinder_v a_o include_v fluid_n descent_n be_v a_o solid_a as_o let_v ki_v in_o the_o four_o figure_n represent_v the_o smooth_a superficies_n of_o a_o table_n egfh_o a_o parcel_n of_o run_v mercury_n the_o side_n gfh_n will_v be_v more_o flat_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o incongruity_n of_o the_o mercury_n and_o air_n to_o the_o wood_n and_o of_o the_o gravity_n of_o mercury_n and_o air_n one_o to_o another_o the_o side_n geh_a will_n likewise_o be_v a_o little_a more_o depress_v by_o reason_n the_o subjacent_a part_n be_v now_o at_o rest_n which_o be_v before_o in_o motion_n or_o further_o in_o the_o three_o figure_n let_v ail_v represent_v a_o include_v solid_a medium_n of_o a_o cylindrical_a shape_n as_o suppose_v a_o small_a glass_n jar_n let_v fgemm_n represent_v a_o contain_v fluid_a as_o water_n this_o towards_o the_o bottom_n and_o side_n be_v figure_v according_a to_o the_o concavity_n of_o the_o glass_n but_o its_o upper_a surface_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o gravity_n not_o consider_v at_o all_o the_o air_n above_o it_o and_o so_o neither_o the_o congruity_n or_o incongruity_n of_o either_o of_o they_o to_o the_o glass_n shall_v be_v terminate_v by_o part_n of_o a_o sphere_n who_o diameter_n shall_v be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o to_o our_o sense_n will_v appear_v a_o straight_a line_n as_o fge_v or_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o have_v a_o great_a congruity_n to_o glass_n than_o air_n have_v not_o consider_v its_o gravity_n will_v be_v thrust_v into_o a_o concave_a sphere_n as_o chb_v who_o diameter_n will_v be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o concavity_n of_o the_o vessel_n its_o upper_a surface_n i_o say_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o have_v a_o great_a gravity_n than_o the_o air_n and_o have_v likewise_o a_o great_a congruity_n to_o glass_n then_o the_o air_n have_v be_v terminate_v by_o a_o concave_n ellipticospherical_a figure_n as_o ckb._n for_o by_o its_o congruity_n it_o easy_o conform_v itself_o and_o adhere_v to_o the_o glass_n and_o constitute_v as_o it_o be_v one_o contain_v body_n with_o it_o and_o therefore_o shall_v thrust_v the_o contain_v air_n on_o that_o side_n it_o touch_v it_o into_o a_o spherical_a figure_n as_o bhc_n but_o the_o motion_n of_o gravity_n depress_v a_o little_a the_o corner_n b_o and_o c_o reduce_v it_o into_o the_o aforesaid_a figure_n ckb._n now_o that_o it_o be_v the_o great_a congruity_n of_o one_o of_o the_o two_o contiguous_a fluid_n then_o of_o the_o other_o to_o the_o contain_v solid_a that_o cause_v the_o separate_a surface_n to_o be_v thus_o or_o thus_o figure_v and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o because_o this_o or_o that_o figurated_a surface_n be_v more_o proper_a natural_a or_o peculiar_a to_o one_o of_o these_o fluid_a body_n then_o to_o the_o other_o will_v appear_v from_o this_o that_o the_o same_o fluid_n will_v by_o be_v put_v into_o differ_v solid_n change_v their_o surface_n for_o the_o same_o water_n which_o in_o a_o glass_n or_o wooden_a vessel_n will_v have_v a_o concave_a surface_n upward_o and_o will_v rise_v high_o in_o a_o small_a than_o a_o great_a pipe_n the_o same_o water_n i_o say_v in_o the_o same_o pipe_n grease_v over_o or_o oil_v will_v produce_v quite_o contrary_a effect_n for_o it_o will_v have_v a_o protuberant_a and_o convex_a surface_n upward_o and_o will_v not_o rise_v so_o high_a in_o small_a as_o in_o big_a pipe_n nay_o in_o the_o very_a same_o solid_a vessel_n you_o may_v make_v the_o very_a same_o two_o contiguous_a liquid_n to_o alter_v their_o surface_n for_o take_v a_o small_a wine-glass_n or_o such_o like_a vessel_n and_o pour_v water_n gentle_o into_o it_o you_o shall_v perceive_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n all_o the_o way_n concave_a till_o it_o rise_v even_o with_o the_o top_n when_o you_o shall_v find_v it_o if_o you_o gentle_o and_o careful_o pour_v in_o more_o to_o grow_v very_o protuberant_a and_o convex_a the_o reason_n of_o which_o be_v plain_a for_o that_o the_o solid_a side_n of_o the_o contain_v body_n be_v no_o long_o extend_v to_o which_o the_o water_n do_v more_o ready_o adhere_v then_o the_o air_n but_o it_o be_v henceforth_o to_o be_v include_v with_o air_n which_o will_v reduce_v it_o into_o a_o hemisphere_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o gravity_n it_o be_v flat_v into_o a_o oval_a quicksilver_n also_o which_o to_o glass_n be_v more_o incongruous_a than_o air_n and_o thereby_o be_v put_v into_o a_o glass-pipe_n will_v not_o adhere_v to_o it_o but_o by_o the_o more_o congruous_a air_n will_v be_v force_v to_o have_v a_o very_a protuberant_a surface_n and_o to_o rise_v high_o in_o a_o great_a than_o a_o lesser_a pipe_n this_o quicksilver_n to_o clean_a metal_n especial_o to_o gold_n silver_n tin_n lead_v etc._n etc._n iron_n except_v be_v more_o congruous_a than_o air_n and_o will_v not_o only_o stick_v to_o it_o but_o have_v a_o concave_a surface_n like_o water_n and_o rise_v high_o in_o a_o less_o then_o in_o a_o great_a pipe_n in_o all_o these_o example_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o there_o be_v a_o extraordinary_a and_o adventitious_a force_n by_o which_o the_o globular_a figure_n of_o the_o contain_v heterogeneous_a fluid_n be_v alter_v neither_o can_v it_o be_v imagine_v how_o it_o shall_v otherwise_o be_v of_o any_o other_o figure_n then_o globular_a for_o be_v by_o the_o heterogeneous_a fluid_n equal_o protrude_v every_o way_n whatsoever_o part_n be_v protuberant_a will_v be_v thereby_o depress_v from_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o in_o its_o effect_n it_o do_v very_o much_o resemble_v a_o round_a spring_n such_o as_o a_o hoop_n for_o as_o in_o a_o round_a spring_n there_o be_v require_v a_o additional_a pressure_n against_o two_o opposite_a side_n to_o reduce_v it_o into_o a_o oval_a form_n or_o to_o force_v it_o in_o between_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hole_n who_o diameter_n be_v less_o than_o that_o of_o the_o spring_n there_o must_v be_v a_o considerable_a force_n or_o protrusion_n against_o the_o concave_n or_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o spring_n so_o to_o alter_v this_o spherical_a constitution_n of_o a_o include_v fluid_a body_n there_o be_v require_v more_o pressure_n against_o opposite_a side_n to_o reduce_v it_o into_o a_o oval_a and_o to_o press_v it_o into_o a_o hole_n less_o in_o diameter_n then_o itself_o it_o require_v a_o great_a protrusion_n against_o all_o the_o other_o side_n what_o degree_n of_o force_n be_v requisite_a to_o reduce_v they_o into_o long_a and_o long_a oval_n or_o to_o press_v they_o into_o less_o and_o less_o hole_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o experimental_o calculate_v but_o thus_o much_o by_o experiment_n i_o find_v in_o general_a that_o there_o be_v always_o require_v a_o great_a pressure_n to_o close_v they_o into_o long_a oval_n or_o protude_n they_o into_o small_a hole_n the_o necessity_n and_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v it_o requisite_a i_o can_v easy_o explain_v but_o be_v not_o so_o necessary_a and_o require_v more_o room_n and_o time_n than_o i_o have_v for_o it_o at_o present_a i_o shall_v here_o omit_v it_o and_o proceed_v to_o show_v that_o this_o may_v be_v present_o find_v true_a if_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o a_o round_a spring_n the_o way_n of_o make_v which_o trial_n be_v obvious_a enough_o and_o with_o the_o fluid_a body_n of_o mercury_n air_n &c_n &c_n the_o way_n of_o try_v which_o will_v be_v somewhat_o more_o difficult_a and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v in_o brief_a describe_v it_o he_o therefore_o that_o will_v try_v with_o air_n must_v first_o be_v provide_v of_o a_o glass-pipe_n make_v of_o the_o shape_n of_o that_o in_o the_o five_o figure_n whereof_o the_o side_n ab_fw-la represent_v a_o straight_a tube_n of_o about_o three_o foot_n long_o c_o represent_v another_o part_n of_o it_o which_o consist_v of_o a_o round_a bubble_n so_o order_v that_o there_o be_v leave_v a_o passage_n or_o hole_n at_o the_o top_n into_o which_o may_v be_v fasten_v with_o cement_n several_a small_a pipe_n of_o determinate_a cylindrical_a cavity_n as_o let_v the_o hollow_a of_o f._n be_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n g._n be_v ⅙_n of_o a_o inch_n h._n be_v ⅛_n of_o a_o inch_n i._o be_v 1_o 12_o of_o a_o inch_n k._n be_v 1_o 16_o of_o a_o inch_n l._n be_v 1_o 24_o of_o a_o inch_n m._n be_v 1_o 34_o of_o a_o inch_n &c_n &c_n there_o may_v be_v add_v as_o many_o more_o as_o the_o experimenter_n shall_v think_v fit_a with_o hole_n continual_o decrease_v by_o know_a quantity_n so_o far_o as_o his_o sense_n be_v able_a to_o help_v he_o i_o say_v so_o far_o because_o there_o may_v be_v make_v pipe_n so_o small_a that_o it_o will_v be_v impossible_a to_o
those_o small_a parcel_n be_v make_v so_o glow_v hot_a that_o it_o be_v melt_v into_o a_o vitrum_fw-la which_o by_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v thrust_v into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o ball._n a_o five_o thing_n which_o i_o think_v worth_a examination_n be_v whether_o the_o motion_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o spring_n may_v not_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o principle_n whereby_o the_o include_v heterogeneous_a fluid_n seem_v to_o be_v move_v or_o to_o that_o whereby_o two_o solid_n as_o marble_n or_o the_o like_a be_v thrust_v and_o keep_v together_o by_o the_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la a_o six_o thing_n be_v whether_o the_o rise_n and_o ebullition_n of_o the_o water_n out_o of_o spring_n and_o fountain_n which_o lie_v much_o high_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o whence_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v derive_v may_v not_o be_v explicate_v by_o the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o a_o small_a pipe_n for_o the_o sea-water_n be_v strain_v through_o the_o pore_n or_o cranny_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v as_o it_o be_v include_v in_o little_a pipe_n where_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n have_v not_o so_o great_a a_o power_n to_o resist_v its_o rise_n but_o examine_v this_o way_n and_o find_v in_o it_o several_a difficulty_n almost_o irremovable_a i_o think_v upon_o a_o way_n that_o will_v much_o more_o natural_o and_o conceivable_o explain_v it_o which_o be_v by_o this_o follow_a experiment_n i_o take_v a_o glass-tube_n of_o the_o form_n of_o that_o describe_v in_o the_o six_o figure_n and_o choose_v two_o heterogeneous_a fluid_n such_o as_o water_n and_o oil_n i_o pour_v in_o as_o much_o water_n as_o fill_v up_o the_o pipe_n as_o high_a as_o ab_fw-la then_o put_v in_o some_o oil_n into_o the_o tube_n ac_fw-la i_o depress_v the_o superficies_n a_o of_o the_o water_n to_o e_o and_o by_o raise_v to_o g_o which_o be_v not_o so_o high_a perpendicular_o as_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o oil_n f_o by_o the_o space_n fi_n wherefore_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o gravity_n of_o these_o two_o liquor_n be_v as_o gh_v to_o fe_o this_o experiment_n i_o try_v with_o several_a other_o liquor_n and_o particular_o with_o fresh_a water_n and_o salt_n which_o i_o make_v by_o dissolve_v salt_n in_o warm_a water_n which_o two_n though_o they_o be_v nothing_o heterogeneous_a yet_o before_o they_o will_v perfect_o mix_v one_o with_o another_o i_o make_v trial_n of_o the_o experiment_n nay_o let_v the_o tube_n wherein_o i_o try_v the_o experiment_n remain_v for_o many_o day_n i_o observe_v they_o not_o to_o mix_v but_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o fresh_a be_v rather_o more_o than_o less_o elevate_v above_o that_o of_o the_o salt_n now_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o gravity_n of_o sea-water_n to_o that_o of_o riverwater_n according_a to_o stevinus_n and_o varenius_n and_o as_o i_o have_v since_o find_v pretty_a true_a by_o make_v trial_n myself_o be_v as_o 46._o to_o 45._o that_o be_v 46._o ounce_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n will_v take_v up_o no_o more_o room_n than_o 45._o of_o the_o fresh_a or_o reciprocal_o 45_o pint_n of_o salt-water_n weigh_v as_o much_o as_o 46_o of_o fresh_a but_o i_o find_v the_o proportion_n of_o brine_n to_o fresh_a water_n to_o be_v near_o 13_o to_o 12_o suppose_v therefore_o ghm_n to_o represent_v the_o sea_n and_o fi_n the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n fm_n a_o cavern_n in_o the_o earth_n begin_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o terminate_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n lm_o the_o sand_n at_o the_o bottom_n through_o which_o the_o water_n be_v as_o it_o be_v strain_v so_o as_o that_o the_o fresh_a part_n be_v only_o permit_v to_o transude_v and_o the_o saline_n keep_v back_o if_o therefore_o the_o proportion_n of_o gm_n to_o fm_n be_v as_o 45_o to_o 46_o then_o may_v the_o cylinder_n of_o salt-water_n gm_n make_v the_o cylinder_n of_o freshwater_n to_o rise_v as_o high_a as_o e_z and_o to_o run_v over_o at_o n._n i_o can_v here_o stand_v to_o examine_v or_o confute_v their_o opinion_n who_o make_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n below_o its_o superficies_n to_o be_v no_o more_o perpendicular_o measure_v then_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n above_o it_o it_o be_v enough_o for_o i_o to_o say_v there_o be_v no_o one_o of_o those_o that_o have_v assert_v it_o have_v experimental_o know_v the_o perpendicular_a of_o either_o nor_o shall_v i_o here_o determine_v whether_o there_o may_v not_o be_v many_o other_o cause_n of_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o fresh_a water_n from_o the_o salt_n as_o perhaps_o some_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o it_o be_v to_o pass_v may_v contain_v a_o salt_n that_o mix_v and_o unite_n with_o the_o sea-salt_n may_v precipitate_v it_o much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o alkalizate_n and_o acid_n salt_n mix_v and_o precipitate_v each_o other_o in_o the_o preparation_n of_o tartarum_fw-la vitriolatum_fw-la i_o know_v not_o also_o whether_o the_o exceed_a cold_a that_o must_v necessary_o be_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n may_v not_o help_v towards_o this_o separation_n for_o we_o find_v that_o warm_a water_n be_v able_a to_o dissolve_v and_o contain_v more_o salt_n than_o the_o same_o cold_a insomuch_o that_o brines_n strong_o impregnate_v by_o heat_n if_o let_v cool_a do_v suffer_v much_o of_o their_o salt_n to_o subside_n and_o crystallize_v about_o the_o bottom_n and_o side_n i_o know_v not_o also_o whether_o the_o exceed_a pressure_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n one_o against_o another_o may_v not_o keep_v the_o salt_n from_o descend_v to_o the_o very_a bottom_n as_o find_v little_a or_o no_o room_n to_o insert_v itself_o between_o those_o part_n protrude_v so_o violent_o together_o or_o else_o squeeze_v it_o upward_o into_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n where_o it_o may_v more_o easy_o obtain_v room_n for_o itself_o among_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n by_o reason_n that_o there_o be_v more_o heat_n and_o less_o pressure_n to_o this_o opinion_n i_o be_v somewhat_o the_o more_o induce_v by_o the_o relation_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o geograhical_a writer_n of_o draw_v fresh_a water_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v salt_n above_o i_o can_v now_o stand_v to_o examine_v whether_o this_o natural_a perpetual_a motion_n may_v not_o artificial_o be_v imitate_v nor_o can_v i_o stand_v to_o answer_v the_o objection_n which_o may_v be_v make_v against_o this_o my_o supposition_n as_o first_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o there_o be_v sometime_o salt_n spring_v much_o high_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o second_o why_o spring_n do_v not_o run_v fast_o and_o slow_a according_a to_o the_o vary_a height_n make_v of_o the_o cylinder_n of_o sea-water_n by_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o to_o the_o first_o in_o short_a i_o say_v the_o fresh_a water_n may_v receive_v again_o a_o saline_a tincture_n near_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o pass_v through_o some_o salt_n mine_n or_o else_o many_o of_o the_o saline_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v keep_v back_o though_o not_o all_o and_o as_o to_o the_o second_o the_o same_o spring_n may_v be_v feed_v and_o supply_v by_o divers_a cavern_n come_v from_o very_o far_o distant_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o as_o that_o it_o may_v in_o one_o place_n be_v high_a in_o another_o low_a water_n and_o so_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o spring_n may_v be_v equal_o supply_v at_o all_o time_n or_o else_o the_o cavern_n may_v be_v so_o straight_o and_o narrow_a that_o the_o water_n not_o have_v so_o ready_a and_o free_a passage_n through_o it_o can_v upon_o so_o short_a and_o quick_a mutation_n of_o pressure_n be_v able_a to_o produce_v any_o sensible_a effect_n at_o such_o a_o distance_n beside_o that_o to_o confirm_v this_o hypothesis_n there_o be_v many_o example_n find_v in_o natural_a historian_n of_o spring_n that_o do_v ebb_n and_o flow_v like_o the_o sea_n as_o particular_o those_o record_v by_o the_o learned_a camden_n and_o after_o he_o by_o speed_n to_o be_v find_v in_o this_o island_n one_o of_o which_o they_o relate_v to_o be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o mountain_n by_o the_o small_a village_n kilken_a in_o flintshire_n maris_fw-la aemulus_fw-la qui_fw-la statis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la svas_fw-la evomit_fw-la &_o resorbet_fw-la aquas_fw-la which_o at_o certain_a time_n rise_v and_o fall_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o sea_n a_o second_o in_o caermardenshire_n near_o caermarden_n at_o a_o place_n call_v cantre_v bichan_n qui_n ut_fw-la scribit_fw-la giraldus_n naturali_fw-la die_fw-la â—is_fw-la undis_fw-la deficiens_fw-la &_o toties_fw-la exuberans_fw-la marinos_fw-la imitatur_fw-la instabilitates_fw-la that_o twice_o in_o four_o and_o twenty_o hour_n
there_o very_a much_o condense_v and_o consequent_o press_v very_o strong_o to_o get_v a_o passage_n out_o without_o suffer_v the_o least_o bubble_n to_o pass_v through_o its_o substance_n for_o as_o to_o the_o first_o since_o our_o microscope_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o substance_n of_o cork_n be_v altogether_o fill_v with_o air_n and_o that_o that_o air_n be_v perfect_o enclose_v in_o little_a box_n or_o cell_n distinct_a from_o one_o another_o it_o seem_v very_o plain_a why_o neither_o the_o water_n nor_o any_o other_o air_n can_v easy_o insinuate_v itself_o into_o they_o since_o there_o be_v already_o within_o they_o a_o intus_fw-la existens_fw-la and_o consequent_o why_o the_o piece_n of_o cork_n become_v so_o good_a float_n for_o net_n and_o stopple_v for_o viol_n or_o other_o close_a vessel_n and_o three_o if_o we_o inquire_v why_o cork_n have_v such_o a_o springiness_n and_o swell_a nature_n whem_o compress_v and_o how_o it_o come_v to_o suffer_v so_o great_a a_o compression_n or_o seem_a penetration_n of_o dimension_n so_o as_o to_o be_v make_v a_o substance_n as_o heavy_a again_o and_o more_o bulk_n for_o bulk_n as_o it_o be_v before_o compression_n and_o yet_o suffer_v to_o return_v be_v find_v to_o extend_v itself_o again_o into_o the_o same_o space_n our_o microscope_n will_v easy_o inform_v we_o that_o the_o whole_a mass_n consist_v of_o a_o infinite_a company_n of_o small_a box_n or_o bladder_n of_o air_n which_o be_v a_o substance_n of_o a_o springy_a nature_n and_o that_o will_v suffer_v a_o considerable_a condensation_n as_o i_o have_v several_a time_n find_v by_o divers_a trial_n by_o which_o i_o have_v most_o evident_o condense_v it_o into_o less_o than_o a_o twenty_o part_n of_o its_o usual_a dimension_n near_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o with_o no_o other_o strength_n then_o that_o of_o my_o hand_n without_o any_o kind_n of_o force_v engine_n such_o as_o rack_n lever_n wheel_n pulley_n or_o the_o like_a but_o this_o only_a by_o and_o by_o and_o beside_o it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o those_o very_a film_n or_o side_n of_o the_o pore_n have_v in_o they_o a_o spring_a quality_n as_o almost_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o vegetable_a substance_n have_v so_o as_o to_o help_v to_o restore_v themselves_o to_o their_o former_a position_n and_o can_v we_o so_o easy_o and_o certain_o discover_v the_o schematisme_n and_o texture_n even_o of_o these_o film_n and_o of_o several_a other_o body_n as_o we_o can_v these_o of_o cork_n there_o seem_v no_o probable_a reason_n to_o the_o contrary_a but_o that_o we_o may_v as_o ready_o render_v the_o true_a reason_n of_o all_o their_o phaenomena_n as_o namely_o what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o springiness_n and_o toughness_n of_o some_o both_o as_o to_o their_o flexibility_n and_o restitution_n what_o of_o the_o friability_n or_o brittleness_n of_o some_o other_o and_o the_o like_a but_o till_o such_o time_n as_o our_o microscope_n or_o some_o other_o mean_n enable_v we_o to_o discover_v the_o true_a schematism_n and_o texture_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o body_n we_o must_v grope_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o dark_a and_o only_o guess_v at_o the_o true_a reason_n of_o thing_n by_o similitude_n and_o comparison_n schem_n xi_o to_o proceed_v then_o cork_n seem_v to_o be_v by_o the_o transverse_a constitution_n of_o the_o pore_n a_o kind_n of_o fungus_n or_o mushroom_n for_o the_o pore_n lie_v like_o so_o many_o ray_n tend_v from_o the_o centre_n or_o pith_n of_o the_o tree_n outward_o so_o that_o if_o you_o cut_v off_o a_o piece_n from_o a_o board_n of_o cork_n transvers_o to_o the_o flat_a of_o it_o you_o will_v as_o it_o be_v split_v the_o pore_n and_o they_o will_v appear_v just_a as_o they_o be_v express_v in_o the_o figure_n b_o of_o the_o xi_o scheme_n but_o if_o you_o shave_v off_o a_o very_a thin_a piece_n from_o this_o board_n parallel_n to_o the_o plain_a of_o it_o you_o will_v cut_v all_o the_o pore_n transvers_o and_o they_o will_v appear_v almost_o as_o they_o be_v express_v in_o the_o figure_n a_o save_v only_o the_o solid_a interstitia_fw-la will_v not_o appear_v so_o thick_a as_o they_o be_v there_o represent_v so_o that_o cork_n seem_v to_o suck_v its_o nourishment_n from_o the_o subjacent_a bark_n of_o the_o tree_n immediate_o and_o to_o be_v a_o kind_a excrescence_n or_o a_o substance_n distinct_a from_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o entire_a tree_n something_o analogus_fw-la to_o the_o mushroom_n or_o moss_n on_o other_o tree_n or_o to_o the_o hair_n on_o animal_n and_o have_v inquire_v into_o the_o history_n of_o cork_n i_o find_v it_o reckon_v as_o a_o excrescency_n of_o the_o bark_n of_o a_o certain_a tree_n which_o be_v distinct_a from_o the_o two_o bark_n that_o lie_v within_o it_o which_o be_v common_a also_o to_o other_o tree_n that_o it_o be_v some_o time_n before_o the_o cork_n that_o cover_v the_o young_a and_o tender_a sprout_n come_v to_o be_v discernible_a that_o it_o crack_v flaw_n and_o cleave_v into_o many_o great_a chap_n the_o bark_n underneath_o remain_v entire_a that_o it_o may_v be_v separate_v and_o remove_v from_o the_o tree_n and_o yet_o the_o two_o under-bark_n such_o as_o be_v also_o common_a to_o that_o with_o other_o tree_n not_o at_o all_o injure_a but_o rather_o help_v and_o free_v from_o a_o external_a injury_n thus_o jonstonus_n in_o dendrologia_n speak_v the_o subere_fw-la say_v arbour_n est_fw-fr procera_fw-fr lignum_fw-la est_fw-la robustum_fw-la dempto_fw-la cortice_fw-la in_o aquis_fw-la non_fw-la fluitat_fw-la cortice_fw-la in_o orbem_fw-la detracto_fw-la juvatur_fw-la crascescens_fw-la enim_fw-la praestringit_fw-la &_o strangulat_fw-la intra_fw-la triennium_fw-la iterum_fw-la repletur_fw-la caudex_fw-la ubi_fw-la adolescit_fw-la crassus_fw-la cortex_fw-la superior_a densus_fw-la carnosus_fw-la duos_fw-la digitos_fw-la crassus_fw-la scaber_n rimosus_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la nisi_fw-la detrahatur_fw-la dehiscit_fw-la alioque_fw-la subnascente_fw-la expellitur_fw-la interior_a qui_fw-la subest_fw-la novellus_fw-la ita_fw-la rubet_fw-la ut_fw-la arbour_n minio_fw-la picta_fw-la videatur_fw-la which_o history_n if_o well_o consider_v and_o the_o tree_n substance_n and_o manner_n of_o grow_v if_o well_o examine_v will_v i_o be_o very_o apt_a to_o believe_v much_o confirm_v this_o my_o conjecture_n about_o the_o origination_n of_o cork_n nor_o be_v this_o kind_n of_o texture_n peculiar_a to_o cork_n only_o for_o upon_o examination_n with_o my_o microscope_n i_o have_v find_v that_o the_o pith_n of_o a_o elder_a or_o almost_o any_o other_o tree_n the_o inner_a pulp_n or_o pith_n of_o the_o cany_fw-mi hollow_a stalk_n of_o several_a other_o vegetable_n as_o of_o fennel_n carrot_n daucus_n bur-dock_n teasel_n fearn_n some_o kind_n of_o reed_n etc._n etc._n have_v much_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o schematisme_n as_o i_o have_v late_o show_v that_o of_o cork_n save_v only_o that_o here_o the_o pore_n be_v range_v the_o long-way_n or_o the_o same_o way_n with_o the_o length_n of_o the_o cane_n whereas_o in_o cork_n they_o be_v transverse_v the_o pith_n also_o that_o fill_v that_o part_n of_o the_o stalk_n of_o a_o feather_n that_o be_v above_o the_o quill_n have_v much_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o texture_n save_v only_o that_o which_o way_n soever_o i_o set_v this_o light_a substance_n the_o pore_n seem_v to_o be_v cut_v transvers_o so_o that_o i_o guess_v this_o pith_n which_o fill_v the_o feather_n not_o to_o consist_v of_o abundance_n of_o long_a pore_n separate_v with_o diaphragm_n as_o cork_n do_v but_o to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o solid_a or_o harden_a froth_n or_o a_o congery_n of_o very_a small_a bubble_n consolidate_v in_o that_o form_n into_o a_o pretty_a stiff_a as_o well_o as_o tough_a concrete_a and_o that_o each_o cavern_n bubble_n or_o cell_n be_v distinct_o separate_v from_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n without_o any_o kind_n of_o hole_n in_o the_o encompass_v film_n so_o that_o i_o can_v no_o more_o blow_n through_o a_o piece_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o substance_n than_o i_o can_v through_o a_o piece_n of_o cork_n or_o the_o sound_a pith_n of_o a_o elder_a but_o though_o i_o can_v not_o with_o my_o microscope_n nor_o with_o my_o breath_n nor_o any_o other_o way_n i_o have_v yet_o try_v discover_v a_o passage_n out_o of_o one_o of_o those_o cavity_n into_o another_o yet_o i_o can_v thence_o conclude_v that_o therefore_o there_o be_v none_o such_o by_o which_o the_o succus_fw-la nutritius_fw-la or_o appropriate_a juice_n of_o vegetable_n may_v pass_v through_o they_o for_o in_o several_a of_o those_o vegetable_n while_o green_a i_o have_v with_o my_o microscope_n plain_o enough_o discover_v these_o cell_n or_o pole_n fill_v with_o juice_n and_o by_o degree_n sweat_v they_o out_o as_o i_o have_v also_o observe_v in_o green_a wood_n all_o those_o long_a microscopical_a pore_n which_o appear_v in_o charcoal_n perfect_o empty_a of_o any_o thing_n but_o air._n now_o though_o i_o have_v with_o great_a
earth_n and_o sprunkle_v a_o little_a warm_a water_n thereon_o will_v within_o four_o day_n produce_v mushroom_n fit_a to_o be_v eat_v at_o what_o time_n one_o will_n as_o also_o that_o mushroom_n may_v be_v make_v to_o grow_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o wild_a poplar_n tree_n within_o four_o day_n after_o warm_a water_n wherein_o some_o leaf_n have_v be_v dissolve_v shall_v be_v pour_v into_o the_o root_n which_o must_v be_v slit_v and_o the_o stock_n above_o ground_n next_o that_o as_o mushroom_n may_v be_v generate_v without_o seed_n so_o do_v it_o not_o appear_v that_o they_o have_v any_o such_o thing_n as_o seed_n in_o any_o part_n of_o they_o for_o have_v consider_v several_a kind_n of_o they_o i_o can_v never_o â—â—nd_v any_o thing_n in_o they_o that_o i_o can_v with_o any_o probability_n guess_v to_o be_v the_o â—eed_n of_o it_o so_o that_o it_o do_v not_o as_o yet_o appear_v that_o i_o know_v of_o that_o mushroom_n may_v be_v generate_v from_o a_o seed_n but_o they_o rather_o seem_v to_o depend_v mere_o upon_o a_o convenient_a constitution_n of_o the_o matter_n out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v make_v and_o a_o concurrence_n of_o either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a heat_n three_o that_o by_o several_a body_n as_o salt_n and_o metal_n both_o in_o water_n and_o in_o the_o air_n and_o by_o several_a kind_n of_o sublimation_n in_o the_o air_n actuate_v and_o guide_v with_o a_o congruous_a heat_n there_o may_v be_v produce_v several_a kind_n of_o body_n as_o curious_o if_o not_o of_o a_o more_o compose_v figure_n several_a kind_n of_o rise_v or_o ebulliate_a figure_n seem_v to_o manifest_v as_o witness_v the_o â—â—ooting_n in_o the_o rectification_n of_o spirit_n of_o urine_n hart-horn_n eloud_v etc._n etc._n witness_v also_o the_o curious_a branch_n of_o evaporate_v dissolution_n some_o of_o they_o against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o contain_v jar_n other_o stand_v up_o or_o grow_v a_o end_n out_o of_o the_o bottom_n of_o which_o i_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o very_a great_a variety_n but_o above_o all_o the_o rest_n it_o be_v a_o very_a pretty_a kind_n of_o germination_n which_o be_v afford_v we_o in_o the_o silver_n tree_n the_o manner_n of_o make_v which_o with_o mercury_n and_o silver_n be_v well_o know_v to_o the_o chemist_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o ebullition_n or_o germination_n very_o much_o like_o this_o of_o mushroom_n if_o i_o have_v be_v right_o inform_v of_o it_o four_o i_o have_v very_o often_o take_v notice_n of_o and_o also_o observe_v with_o a_o microscope_n certain_a excrescency_n or_o ebullition_n in_o the_o snuff_n of_o a_o candle_n which_o partly_o from_o the_o stick_n of_o the_o smoky_a particle_n as_o they_o be_v carry_v upward_o by_o the_o current_n of_o the_o rarify_v air_n and_o flame_n and_o partly_o also_o from_o a_o kind_n of_o germination_n or_o ebullition_n of_o some_o actuate_v unctuous_a part_n which_o creep_v along_o and_o filter_n through_o some_o small_a string_n of_o the_o week_n be_v form_v into_o pretty_a round_n and_o uniform_a head_n very_o much_o resemble_v the_o form_n of_o hood_a mushroom_n which_o be_v by_o any_o mean_v expose_v to_o the_o fresh_a air_n or_o that_o air_n which_o encompass_n the_o flame_n they_o be_v present_o lick_v up_o and_o devour_v by_o it_o and_o vanish_v the_o reason_n of_o which_o phaenomenon_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o this_o that_o when_o a_o convenient_a thread_n of_o the_o week_n be_v so_o bend_v out_o by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o snuff_n that_o be_v about_o half_a a_o inch_n or_o more_o remove_v above_o the_o bottom_n or_o low_a part_n of_o the_o flame_n and_o that_o this_o part_n be_v whole_o include_v in_o the_o flame_n the_o oil_n for_o the_o reason_n of_o filtration_n which_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o render_v be_v continua_o drive_v up_o the_o snuff_n be_v drive_v likewise_o into_o this_o ragged_a bended-end_n and_o this_o be_v remove_v a_o good_a distance_n as_o half_a a_o inch_n or_o more_o above_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o flame_n the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n that_o pass_v by_o it_o be_v already_o almost_o satiate_v with_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o boil_a unctuous_a steam_n that_o issue_v out_o below_o and_o therefore_o be_v not_o only_o glut_v that_o be_v can_v dissolve_v no_o more_o than_o what_o they_o be_v already_o act_v upon_o but_o they_o carry_v up_o with_o they_o abundance_n of_o unctuous_a and_o sooty_a particle_n which_o meet_v with_o that_o rag_n of_o the_o week_n that_o be_v plentiful_o fill_v with_o oil_n and_o only_o spend_v it_o as_o fast_o as_o it_o evaporate_v and_o not_o at_o all_o by_o dissolution_n of_o burn_a by_o mean_n of_o these_o steamy_a part_n of_o the_o filterated_a oil_n issue_v out_o at_o the_o side_n of_o this_o rag_n and_o be_v enclose_v with_o a_o air_n that_o be_v already_o satiate_v and_o can_v prey_v upon_o they_o nor_o burn_v they_o the_o ascend_a sooty_a particle_n be_v stay_v about_o it_o and_o fix_v so_o as_o that_o about_o the_o end_n of_o that_o rag_n or_o filament_n of_o the_o snuff_n whence_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o steam_n issue_n there_o be_v conglobate_v or_o fix_v a_o round_a and_o pretty_a uniform_a cap_n much_o resemble_v the_o head_n of_o a_o mushroom_n which_o if_o it_o be_v of_o any_o great_a bigness_n you_o may_v observe_v that_o its_o underside_n will_v be_v big_a than_o that_o which_o be_v above_o the_o rag_n or_o stem_n of_o it_o for_o the_o oil_n that_o be_v bring_v into_o it_o by_o filtration_n be_v by_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o cap_n a_o little_a shelter_v from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o flame_n do_v by_o that_o mean_v issue_n as_o much_o out_o from_o beneath_o from_o the_o stalk_n or_o downward_o as_o it_o do_v upward_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a access_n of_o the_o adventitious_a smoke_n from_o beneath_o it_o increase_v most_o that_o way_n that_o this_o may_v be_v the_o true_a reason_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n i_o can_v produce_v many_o argument_n and_o experiment_n to_o make_v it_o probable_a as_o first_o that_o the_o filtration_n carry_v the_o oil_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o week_n at_o least_o as_o high_a as_o these_o rag_n be_v visible_a to_o one_o that_o will_v observe_v the_o snuff_n of_o a_o burn_a candle_n with_o a_o microscope_n where_o he_o may_v see_v a_o ebullition_n or_o bubble_a of_o the_o oil_n as_o high_a as_o the_o snuff_n look_v black_a next_o that_o it_o do_v steam_n away_o more_o than_o burn_v i_o can_v tell_v you_o of_o the_o dim_a burn_a of_o a_o candle_n the_o long_o the_o snuff_n be_v which_o arise_v from_o the_o abundance_n of_o vapour_n out_o of_o the_o high_a part_n of_o it_o and_o three_o that_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o flame_n of_o the_o candle_n near_o the_o top_n of_o the_o snuff_n the_o fire_n or_o dissolve_v principle_n be_v nothing_o near_o so_o strong_a as_o near_o the_o bottom_n and_o out_o edge_n of_o the_o flame_n which_o may_v be_v observe_v by_o the_o burn_a asunder_o of_o a_o thread_n that_o will_v first_o break_v in_o those_o part_n that_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o flame_n touch_n and_o not_o in_o the_o middle_n and_o i_o can_v add_v several_a observable_n that_o i_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n actuate_v with_o bellows_o and_o very_o many_o other_o that_o confirm_v i_o in_o my_o opinion_n but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o my_o present_a purpose_n which_o be_v only_o to_o consider_v this_o concreet_fw-la in_o the_o snuff_n of_o a_o candle_n so_o far_o as_o it_o have_v any_o resemblance_n of_o a_o mushroom_n to_o the_o consideration_n of_o which_o that_o i_o may_v return_v i_o say_v we_o may_v also_o observe_v in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o the_o dropping_n or_o trilling_n of_o lapidescent_n water_n in_o vault_n under_o ground_n seem_v to_o constitute_v a_o kind_n of_o petrified_a body_n form_v almost_o like_o some_o kind_n of_o mushroom_n invert_v in_o so_o much_o that_o i_o have_v see_v some_o knobbed_a a_o little_a at_o the_o low_a end_n though_o for_o the_o most_o part_n indeed_o they_o be_v otherwise_o shape_v and_o taper_v towards_o the_o end_n the_o generation_n of_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v from_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o this_o that_o the_o water_n by_o soak_v through_o the_o earth_n and_o lime_n for_o i_o guess_v that_o substance_n to_o add_v much_o to_o it_o petrify_a quality_n do_v so_o impregnate_n itself_o with_o stony_a particle_n that_o hang_v in_o drop_n in_o the_o roof_n of_o the_o vault_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o soak_v of_o the_o water_n be_v but_o slow_a it_o become_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n and_o thereby_o the_o outward_a part_n of_o the_o drop_n by_o degree_n grow_v hard_a by_o reason_n that_o the_o water_n gradual_o
more_o dense_a towards_o the_o middle_n the_o sun_n beam_n that_o be_v tangent_n or_o next_o within_o the_o tangent_n of_o this_o globe_n will_v be_v refract_v or_o inflect_v from_o their_o direct_a passage_n towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o globe_n whence_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o refraction_n make_v in_o a_o triangular_a prism_n and_o the_o generation_n of_o colour_n set_v down_o in_o the_o description_n of_o muscovi-glass_n there_o must_v necessary_o appear_v a_o red_a colour_n in_o the_o transitus_fw-la or_o passage_n of_o those_o tangent_fw-la ray_n to_o make_v this_o more_o plain_a we_o will_v suppose_v in_o the_o six_o figure_n abcd_v to_o represent_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n efgh_o to_o represent_v the_o opacous_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n lie_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o near_o to_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n sustain_v a_o very_a great_a pressure_n be_v thereby_o very_o much_o condense_v from_o whence_o those_o ray_n that_o be_v by_o inflection_n make_v tangent_n to_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o those_o without_o they_o that_o pass_v through_o the_o more_o condense_v part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n as_o suppose_v between_o a_o and_o e_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o medium_n inflect_v towards_o the_o centre_n whereby_o there_o must_v necessary_o be_v generate_v a_o red_a colour_n as_o be_v more_o plain_o show_v in_o the_o former_a cite_a place_n hence_o whatsoever_o opacous_a body_n as_o vapour_n or_o the_o like_a shall_v chance_v to_o be_v elevate_v into_o those_o part_n will_v reflect_v a_o red_a towards_o the_o eye_n and_o therefore_o those_o evening_n and_o morning_n appear_v red_a that_o have_v the_o most_o store_n of_o vapour_n and_o halituous_a substance_n exhale_v to_o a_o convenient_a distance_n from_o the_o earth_n for_o thereby_o the_o inflection_n be_v make_v the_o great_a and_o thereby_o the_o colour_n also_o the_o more_o intense_a and_o several_a of_o those_o exhalation_n be_v opacous_a reflect_v several_a of_o those_o ray_n which_o through_o a_o homogeneous_a transparent_a medium_n will_v pass_v unseen_a and_o therefore_o we_o see_v that_o when_o there_o chance_v to_o be_v any_o cloud_n situate_v in_o those_o region_n they_o reflect_v a_o strong_a and_o vivid_v red_a now_o though_o one_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o redness_n may_v be_v this_o inflection_n yet_o i_o can_v whole_o exclude_v the_o colour_n of_o the_o vapour_n themselves_o which_o may_v have_v something_o of_o redness_n in_o they_o they_o be_v partly_o nitrous_a and_o partly_o fuliginous_a both_o which_o steam_n thing_fw-mi the_o ray_n that_o pass_v through_o they_o as_o be_v make_v evident_a by_o look_v at_o body_n through_o the_o fume_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la or_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n as_o the_o new_o mention_v illustrious_a person_n have_v demonstrate_v and_o also_o through_o the_o smoke_n of_o a_o fire_n or_o chimney_n have_v therefore_o make_v it_o probable_a at_o least_o that_o the_o morning_n and_o evening_n redness_n may_v partly_o proceed_v from_o this_o inflection_n or_o refraction_n of_o the_o ray_n we_o shall_v next_o show_v how_o the_o oval_a figure_n will_v be_v likewise_o easy_o deduce_v suppose_v we_o therefore_o efgh_o in_o the_o six_o figure_n of_o the_o 37._o scheme_n to_o represent_v the_o earth_n abcd_n the_o atmospere_n ei_o and_o el_n two_o ray_n come_v from_o the_o sun_n the_o one_o from_o the_o upper_a the_o other_o from_o the_o nether_a limb_n these_o ray_n be_v by_o the_o atmosphere_n inflect_v appear_v to_o the_o eye_n at_o e_o as_o if_o they_o have_v come_v from_o the_o point_n n_o and_o o_o and_o because_o the_o ray_n l_o have_v a_o great_a inclination_n upon_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n than_o i_o therefore_o must_v it_o suffer_v a_o great_a inflection_n and_o consequent_o be_v further_o elevate_v above_o its_o true_a place_n than_o the_o ray_n i_o which_o have_v a_o less_o inclination_n will_v be_v elevate_v above_o its_o true_a place_n whence_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o low_a side_n appear_v near_o the_o upper_a than_o real_o it_o be_v and_o the_o two_o lateral_a side_n viz._n the_o right_a and_o left_a side_n suffer_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n from_o the_o inflection_n at_o lest_o what_o it_o do_v suffer_v do_v rather_o increase_v the_o visible_a diameter_n then_o diminish_v it_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v by_o and_o by_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o luminous_a body_n must_v necessary_o appear_v somewhat_o elliptical_a this_o will_v be_v more_o plain_a if_o in_o the_o seven_o figure_n of_o the_o 37._o scheme_n we_o suppose_v ab_fw-la to_o represent_v the_o sensible_a horizon_n cdef_n the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n real_o below_o it_o ghik_n the_o same_o appear_v above_o it_o elevate_v by_o the_o inflection_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n for_o if_o according_a to_o the_o best_a observation_n we_o make_v the_o visible_a diameter_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o be_v about_o three_o or_o four_o and_o thirty_o minute_n and_o the_o horizontal_n refraction_n according_a to_o tycho_n be_v thereabouts_o or_o somewhat_o more_o the_o low_a limb_n of_o the_o sun_n e_o will_v be_v elevate_v to_o i_o but_o because_o by_o his_o account_n the_o point_n c_o will_v be_v elevate_v but_o 29._o minute_n as_o have_v not_o so_o great_a a_o inclination_n upon_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o air_n therefore_o ig_a which_o will_v be_v the_o apparent_a refracted_a perpendicular_a diameter_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v be_v less_o than_o cg_n which_o be_v but_o 29._o minute_n and_o consequent_o six_o or_o seven_o minute_n short_a than_o the_o unrefracted_a apparent_a diameter_n the_o part_n d_o and_o f_o will_v be_v likewise_o elevate_v to_o h_n and_o k_n who_o refraction_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o inclination_n will_v be_v big_a than_o that_o of_o the_o point_n c_o though_o less_o that_o of_o e_o therefore_o will_v the_o semidiameter_n il_fw-fr be_v short_a than_o lg_n and_o consequent_o the_o under_o side_n of_o the_o appear_a sun_n more_o flat_a than_o the_o upper_a now_o because_o the_o ray_n from_o the_o right_n and_o left_a side_n of_o the_o sun_n etc._n etc._n have_v be_v observe_v by_o ricciolo_n and_o grimaldus_n to_o appear_v more_o distant_a one_o from_o another_o then_o real_o they_o be_v though_o by_o very_a many_o observation_n that_o i_o have_v make_v for_o that_o purpose_n with_o a_o very_a good_a telescope_n fit_v with_o a_o divide_a ruler_n i_o can_v never_o perceive_v any_o great_a alteration_n yet_o there_o be_v real_o some_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o show_v that_o this_o also_o proceed_v from_o the_o refraction_n or_o inflection_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o this_o will_v be_v manifest_a if_o we_o consider_v the_o atmosphere_n as_o a_o transparent_a globe_n or_o at_o least_o a_o transparent_a shell_n encompass_v a_o opacous_a globe_n which_o be_v more_o dense_a than_o the_o medium_n encompass_v it_o refract_n or_o inflect_v all_o the_o enter_v parallel_a ray_n into_o a_o point_n or_o focus_n so_o that_o wheresoever_o the_o observator_fw-la be_v place_v within_o the_o atmosphere_n between_o the_o focus_n and_o the_o luminous_a body_n the_o lateral_a ray_n must_v necessary_o be_v more_o converge_v towards_o his_o eye_n by_o the_o refraction_n or_o inflection_n than_o they_o will_v have_v be_v without_o it_o and_o therefore_o the_o horizontal_n diameter_n of_o the_o luminous_a body_n must_v necessary_o be_v augment_v this_o may_v be_v more_o plain_o manifest_a to_o the_o eye_n by_o the_o six_o figure_n but_o because_o it_o will_v be_v somewhat_o tedious_a and_o the_o thing_n be_v obvious_a enough_o to_o be_v imagine_v by_o any_o one_o that_o attentive_o consider_v it_o i_o shall_v rather_o omit_v it_o and_o proceed_v to_o show_v that_o the_o mass_n of_o air_n near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n consist_v or_o be_v make_v up_o of_o parcel_n which_o do_v very_o much_o differ_v from_o one_o another_o in_o point_n of_o density_n and_o rarity_n and_o consequent_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n that_o pass_v through_o they_o will_v be_v various_o inflect_v here_o one_o way_n and_o there_o another_o according_a as_o they_o pass_v so_o or_o so_o through_o those_o differ_a part_n and_o those_o part_n be_v always_o in_o motion_n either_o upward_o or_o downward_o or_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a or_o in_o some_o way_n compound_v of_o these_o they_o do_v by_o this_o their_o motion_n inflect_v the_o ray_n now_o this_o way_n and_o present_o that_o way_n this_o irregular_a unequal_a and_o unconstant_a inflection_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o limb_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n jupiter_n saturn_n mars_n and_o venus_n appear_v to_o wave_n or_o dance_v and_o why_o the_o body_n of_o the_o star_n appear_v to_o tremulate_v or_o twinkle_v their_o body_n by_o this_o mean_n be_v sometime_o magnify_v and_o sometime_o diminish_v sometime_o elevate_v otherwhiles_o
depress_v now_o throw_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o then_o to_o the_o left_a and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o property_n or_o unequal_a distribution_n of_o part_n be_v manifest_a from_o the_o various_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a that_o be_v find_v in_o the_o air_n from_o whence_o will_v follow_v a_o differ_a density_n and_o rarity_n both_o as_o to_o quantity_n and_o refraction_n and_o likewise_o from_o the_o vapour_n that_o be_v interpose_v which_o by_o the_o way_n i_o imagine_v as_o to_o refraction_n or_o inflection_n to_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o if_o they_o be_v rarify_v air_n and_o that_o those_o vapour_n that_o ascend_v be_v both_o light_a and_o less_o dense_a than_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n which_o boy_n they_o up_o and_o that_o those_o which_o descend_v be_v heavy_a and_o more_o dense_a the_o first_o of_o these_o may_v be_v find_v true_a if_o you_o take_v a_o good_a thick_a piece_n of_o glass_n and_o heat_n it_o pretty_a hot_a in_o the_o fire_n lay_v it_o upon_o such_o another_o piece_n of_o glass_n or_o hang_v it_o in_o the_o open_a air_n by_o a_o piece_n of_o wire_n then_o look_v upon_o some_o far_o distant_a object_n such_o as_o a_o steeple_n or_o tree_n so_o as_o the_o ray_n from_o that_o object_n pass_v direct_o over_o the_o glass_n before_o they_o enter_v your_o eye_n you_o shall_v find_v such_o a_o tremulation_n and_o waver_v of_o the_o remote_a object_n as_o will_v very_o much_o offend_v your_o eye_n the_o like_a tremulous_a motion_n you_o may_v observe_v to_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o ascend_a steam_n of_o water_n and_o the_o like_a now_o from_o the_o first_o of_o these_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o from_o the_o rarifaction_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n by_o heat_n there_o be_v cause_v a_o differ_a refraction_n and_o from_o the_o ascension_n of_o the_o more_o rarify_v part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v thrust_v up_o by_o the_o cold_a and_o therefore_o more_o condense_v and_o heavy_a be_v cause_v a_o undulation_n or_o waver_v of_o the_o object_n for_o i_o think_v that_o there_o be_v very_o few_o will_v grant_v that_o glass_n by_o as_o gentle_a a_o heat_n as_o may_v be_v endure_v by_o one_o hand_n shall_v send_v forth_o any_o of_o its_o part_n in_o steam_n or_o vapour_n which_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v much_o waste_v by_o that_o violent_a fire_n of_o the_o green_a glass-house_n but_o if_o yet_o it_o be_v doubt_v let_v experiment_n be_v further_o make_v with_o that_o body_n that_o be_v account_v by_o chemist_n and_o other_o the_o most_o ponderous_a and_o fix_v in_o the_o world_n for_o by_o heat_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o gold_n and_o proceed_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n you_o may_v find_v the_o same_o effect_n this_o tremble_a and_o shake_v of_o the_o ray_n be_v more_o sensible_o cause_v by_o a_o actual_a flame_n or_o quick_a fire_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o heat_v glow_v hot_a as_o by_o a_o candle_n live_v coal_n red-hot_a iron_n or_o a_o piece_n of_o silver_n and_o the_o like_a the_o same_o also_o appear_v very_o conspicuous_a if_o you_o look_v at_o a_o object_n betwixt_o which_o and_o your_o eye_n the_o rise_a smoke_n of_o some_o chimney_n be_v interpose_v which_o bring_v into_o my_o mind_n what_o i_o have_v once_o the_o opportunity_n to_o observe_v which_o be_v the_o sun_n rise_v to_o my_o eye_n just_a over_o a_o chimney_n that_o send_v forth_o a_o copious_a steam_n of_o smoke_n and_o take_v a_o short_a telescope_n which_o i_o have_v then_o by_o i_o i_o observe_v the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n though_o it_o be_v but_o just_o peep_v above_o the_o horizon_n to_o have_v its_o underside_n not_o only_o flat_v and_o press_v inward_a as_o it_o usual_o be_v when_o near_o the_o earth_n but_o to_o appear_v more_o protuberant_a downward_o than_o if_o it_o have_v suffer_v no_o refraction_n at_o all_o and_o beside_o all_o this_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o sun_n appear_v to_o tremble_v or_o dance_v and_o the_o edge_n or_o limb_n to_o be_v very_o ragged_a or_o indent_a undulate_v or_o wave_v much_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o flag_n in_o the_o wind._n this_o i_o have_v likewise_o often_o observe_v in_o a_o hot_a sunshiny_a summer_n day_n that_o look_v on_o a_o object_n over_o a_o hot_a stone_n or_o dry_a hot_a earth_n i_o have_v find_v the_o object_n to_o be_v undulate_v or_o shake_v much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o if_o you_o look_v upon_o any_o remote_a object_n through_o a_o telescope_n in_o a_o hot_a summer_n day_n especial_o you_o shall_v find_v it_o likewise_o to_o appear_v tremulous_a and_o further_o if_o there_o chance_v to_o blow_v any_o wind_n or_o that_o the_o air_n between_o you_o and_o the_o object_n be_v in_o a_o motion_n or_o current_n whereby_o the_o part_n of_o it_o both_o rarify_v and_o condense_v be_v swift_o remove_v towards_o the_o right_n or_o left_a if_o then_o you_o observe_v the_o horizontal_n ridge_n of_o a_o hill_n far_o distant_a through_o a_o very_a good_a telescope_n you_o shall_v find_v it_o to_o wave_n much_o like_o the_o sea_n and_o those_o wave_n will_v appear_v to_o pass_v the_o same_o way_n with_o the_o wind_n from_o which_o and_o many_o other_o experiment_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o air_n especial_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o lie_v near_a to_o the_o earth_n have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n its_o constituent_a parcel_n various_o agitate_a either_o by_o heat_n or_o wind_n by_o the_o first_o of_o which_o some_o of_o they_o be_v make_v more_o rare_a and_o so_o suffer_v a_o less_o refraction_n other_o be_v interweave_v either_o with_o ascend_v or_o descend_v vapour_n the_o former_a of_o which_o be_v more_o light_a and_o so_o more_o rarify_v have_v likewise_o a_o less_o refraction_n the_o latter_a being_n more_o heavy_a and_o consequent_o more_o dense_a have_v a_o great_a now_o because_o that_o heat_n and_o cold_a be_v equal_o diffuse_v every_o way_n and_o that_o the_o further_a it_o be_v spread_v the_o weak_a it_o grow_v hence_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o under_o region_n of_o the_o air_n will_v be_v make_v up_o of_o several_a kind_n of_o lentes_fw-la some_o whereof_o will_v have_v the_o property_n of_o convex_a other_o of_o concave_a glass_n which_o that_o i_o may_v the_o more_o intelligible_o make_v out_o we_o will_v suppose_v in_o the_o eight_o figure_n of_o the_o 37._o scheme_n that_o a_o represent_v a_o ascend_a vapour_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o be_v somewhat_o heterogeneous_a to_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v thereby_o thrust_v into_o a_o kind_n of_o globular_a form_n not_o any_o where_o terminate_v but_o gradual_o finish_v that_o be_v it_o be_v most_o rarify_v in_o the_o middle_n about_o a_o somewhat_o more_o condense_v about_o bb_n more_o than_o that_o about_o cc_o yet_o further_o about_o dd_a almost_o of_o the_o same_o density_n with_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n about_o i_fw-mi and_o last_o enclose_v with_o the_o more_o dense_a air_n ff_n so_o that_o from_o a_o to_o ff_n there_o be_v a_o continual_a increase_n of_o density_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o will_v be_v manifest_a if_o we_o consider_v the_o rise_a vapour_n to_o be_v much_o warm_a than_o the_o ambient_fw-la heavy_a air_n for_o by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n the_o shell_n i_fw-mi will_v be_v more_o refrigerated_a than_o dd_a and_o that_o then_o cc_o which_o will_v be_v yet_o more_o than_o bb_n and_o that_o more_o than_o a_o so_o that_o from_o f_o to_o a_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a increase_n of_o heat_n and_o consequent_o of_o rarity_n from_o whence_o it_o will_v necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n will_v be_v inflect_v or_o refract_v in_o it_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o will_v be_v in_o a_o concave-glase_a for_o the_o ray_n gki_n gki_n will_v be_v inflect_v by_o gkh_n gkh_n which_o will_v easy_o follow_v from_o what_o i_o before_o explain_v concern_v the_o inflection_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o descend_a vapour_n or_o any_o part_n of_o the_o air_n include_v by_o a_o ascend_a vapour_n will_v exhibit_v the_o same_o effect_n with_o a_o convex_a lens_n for_o if_o we_o suppose_v in_o the_o former_a figure_n the_o quite_o contrary_a constitution_n to_o that_o last_o describe_v that_o be_v the_o ambient_fw-la air_n ff_n be_v hot_a than_o any_o part_n of_o that_o matter_n within_o any_o circle_n therefore_o the_o cold_a part_n must_v necessary_o be_v a_o as_o be_v far_o remove_v from_o the_o heat_n all_o the_o intermediate_v space_n will_v be_v gradual_o discriminate_v by_o the_o continual_a mixture_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a so_o that_o it_o will_v be_v hot_a at_o i_fw-mi then_o dd_v in_o dd_a then_o cc_o in_o cc_o then_o bb_n and_o in_o bb_n then_o a._n
shall_v find_v it_o to_o sink_v till_o it_o come_v towards_o the_o middle_n where_o it_o will_v remain_v fix_v without_o move_v either_o upward_o or_o downward_o and_o by_o a_o second_o experiment_n of_o poise_v such_o as_o bubble_v in_o water_n who_o upper_a part_n be_v warm_a and_o consequent_o light_a than_o the_o under_o which_o be_v cold_a and_o heavy_a the_o manner_n of_o which_o follow_v in_o this_o next_o quaery_n which_o be_v 6._o whether_o the_o rarifaction_n and_o condensation_n of_o water_n be_v not_o make_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o those_o effect_n be_v produce_v in_o the_o air_n by_o heat_n for_o i_o once_o poise_v a_o seal_v up_o glass-bubble_n so_o exact_o that_o never_o so_o small_a a_o addition_n will_v make_v it_o sink_v and_o as_o small_a a_o detraction_n make_v it_o swim_v which_o suffer_v to_o rest_n in_o that_o vessel_n of_o water_n for_o some_o time_n i_o always_o find_v it_o about_o noon_n to_o be_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n and_o at_o night_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n at_o the_o top_n imagine_v this_o to_o proceed_v from_o the_o rarifaction_n of_o the_o water_n cause_v by_o the_o heat_n i_o make_v trial_n and_o find_v most_o true_a for_o i_o be_v able_a at_o any_o time_n either_o to_o depress_v or_o raise_v it_o by_o heat_n and_o cold_a for_o if_o i_o let_v the_o pipe_n stand_v for_o some_o time_n in_o cold_a water_n i_o can_v easy_o raise_v the_o bubble_n from_o the_o bottom_n whither_o i_o have_v a_o little_a afore_o detrude_v it_o by_o put_v the_o same_o pipe_n into_o warm_a water_n and_o this_o way_n i_o have_v be_v able_a for_o a_o very_a considerable_a time_n to_o keep_v a_o bubble_n so_o poise_v in_o the_o water_n as_o that_o it_o shall_v remain_v in_o the_o middle_n and_o neither_o sink_n nor_o swim_v for_o gentle_o heat_a the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o pipe_n with_o a_o candle_n coal_n or_o hot_a iron_n till_o i_o perceive_v the_o bubble_n begin_v to_o descend_v then_o forbear_v i_o have_v observe_v it_o to_o descend_v to_o such_o or_o such_o a_o station_n and_o there_o to_o remain_v suspend_v for_o some_o hour_n till_o the_o heat_n by_o degree_n be_v quite_o vanish_v when_o it_o will_v again_o ascend_v to_o its_o former_a place_n this_o i_o have_v also_o often_o observe_v natural_o perform_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v able_a to_o rarify_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o water_n soon_o than_o the_o low_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o immediate_a contact_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n have_v sometime_o so_o slow_o increase_v that_o i_o have_v observe_v the_o bubble_n to_o be_v some_o hour_n in_o pass_v between_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n 7._o whether_o the_o appearance_n of_o the_o pike_n of_o tenerif_n and_o several_a other_o high_a mountain_n at_o so_o much_o great_a a_o distance_n then_o seem_v to_o agree_v with_o their_o respective_a height_n be_v not_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o curvature_n of_o the_o visual_a ray_n that_o be_v make_v by_o its_o pass_v oblique_o through_o so_o differ_o dense_n a_o medium_fw-la from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o eye_n very_o far_o distant_a in_o the_o horizon_n for_o since_o we_o have_v already_o i_o hope_v make_v it_o very_o probable_a that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o inflection_n of_o the_o ray_n by_o the_o differ_a density_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n and_o since_o i_o have_v find_v by_o several_a experiment_n make_v on_o place_n comparative_o not_o very_o high_a and_o have_v yet_o find_v the_o pressure_n sustain_v by_o those_o part_n of_o the_o air_n at_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n and_o also_o their_o differ_a expansion_n very_o considerable_a insomuch_o that_o i_o have_v find_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n light_a at_o the_o top_n of_o st._n paul_n steeple_n in_o london_n which_o be_v about_o two_o hundred_o foot_n high_a then_o at_o the_o bottom_n by_o a_o sixty_v or_o fifty_o part_n and_o the_o expansion_n at_o the_o top_n great_a than_o that_o at_o the_o bottom_n by_o near_o about_o so_o much_o also_o for_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n at_o the_o bottom_n be_v about_o 39_o inch_n and_o at_o the_o top_n half_o a_o inch_n low_o the_o air_n also_o include_v in_o the_o weatherglass_n that_o at_o the_o bottom_n fill_v only_o 155._o space_n at_o the_o top_n fill_v 158._o though_o the_o heat_n at_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n be_v find_v exact_o the_o same_o with_o a_o scale_a thermometer_n i_o think_v it_o very_o rational_a to_o suppose_v that_o the_o great_a curvature_n of_o the_o ray_n be_v make_v near_a the_o earth_n and_o that_o the_o inflection_n of_o the_o ray_n above_o 3._o or_o 4._o mile_n upward_o be_v very_o inconsiderable_a and_o therefore_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v such_o calculation_n of_o the_o height_n of_o mountain_n as_o be_v make_v from_o the_o distance_n they_o be_v visible_a in_o the_o horizon_n from_o the_o supposal_n that_o that_o ray_n be_v a_o straight_a line_n that_o from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o tangent_fw-la to_o the_o horizon_n whence_o it_o be_v see_v which_o real_o be_v a_o curve_v be_v very_o erroneous_a whence_o i_o suppose_v proceed_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o exceed_o differ_v opinion_n and_o assertion_n of_o several_a author_n about_o the_o height_n of_o several_a very_a high_a hill_n 8._o whether_o this_o inflection_n of_o the_o air_n will_v not_o very_o much_o alter_v the_o suppose_a distance_n of_o the_o planet_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v a_o very_a great_a dependence_n upon_o the_o hypothetical_n refraction_n or_o inflection_n of_o the_o air_n and_o that_o refraction_n upon_o the_o hypothetical_a height_n and_o density_n of_o the_o air_n for_o since_o as_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v here_o show_v the_o air_n to_o be_v quite_o otherwise_o then_o have_v be_v hitherto_o suppose_v by_o manifest_v it_o to_o be_v both_o of_o a_o vast_a at_o least_o a_o uncertain_a height_n and_o of_o a_o unconstant_a and_o irregular_a density_n it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o its_o inflection_n must_v be_v vary_v according_o and_o therefore_o we_o may_v hence_o learn_v upon_o what_o sure_a ground_n all_o the_o astronomer_n hitherto_o have_v build_v who_o have_v calculate_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o planet_n from_o their_o horizontal_n parallax_n for_o since_o the_o refraction_n and_o parallax_n be_v so_o near_o ally_v that_o the_o one_o can_v be_v know_v without_o the_o other_o especial_o by_o any_o way_n that_o have_v be_v yet_o attempt_v how_o uncertain_a must_v the_o parallax_n be_v when_o the_o refraction_n be_v unknown_a and_o how_o easy_a be_v it_o for_o astronomer_n to_o assign_v what_o distance_n they_o please_v to_o the_o planet_n and_o defend_v they_o when_o they_o have_v such_o a_o curious_a subterfuge_n as_o that_o of_o refraction_n wherein_o a_o very_a little_a variation_n will_v allow_v they_o liberty_n enough_o to_o place_v the_o celestial_a body_n at_o what_o distance_n they_o please_v if_o therefore_o we_o will_v come_v to_o any_o certainty_n in_o this_o point_n we_o must_v go_v other_o way_n to_o work_v and_o as_o i_o have_v here_o examine_v the_o height_n and_o refractive_a property_n of_o the_o air_n by_o other_o way_n than_o be_v usual_a so_o must_v we_o find_v the_o parallax_n of_o the_o planet_n by_o way_n not_o yet_o practise_v and_o to_o this_o end_n i_o can_v imagine_v any_o better_a way_n than_o the_o observation_n of_o they_o by_o two_o person_n at_o very_o far_o distant_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o lie_v as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v under_o the_o same_o meridian_n or_o degree_n of_o longitude_n but_o differ_v as_o much_o in_o latitude_n as_o there_o can_v be_v place_n convenient_o find_v these_o two_o person_n at_o certain_a appoint_a time_n shall_v as_o near_o as_o can_v be_v both_o at_o the_o same_o time_n observe_v the_o way_n of_o the_o moon_n mars_n venus_n jupiter_n and_o saturn_n among_o the_o six_o star_n with_o a_o good_a large_a telescope_n and_o make_v little_a iconisme_n or_o picture_n of_o the_o small_a fix_a star_n that_o appear_v to_o each_o of_o they_o to_o lie_v in_o or_o near_o the_o way_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o the_o exact_a measure_n of_o the_o apparent_a diameter_n from_o the_o compare_v of_o such_o observation_n together_o we_o may_v certain_o know_v the_o true_a distance_n or_o parallax_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o have_v any_o one_o true_a parallax_n of_o these_o planet_n we_o may_v very_o easy_o have_v the_o other_o by_o their_o apparent_a diameter_n which_o the_o telescope_n likewise_o afford_v we_o very_o accurate_o and_o thence_o their_o motion_n may_v be_v much_o better_o know_v and_o their_o theory_n more_o exact_o regulate_v and_o for_o this_o purpose_n i_o know_v not_o any_o one_o place_n more_o convenient_a for_o such_o a_o observation_n
to_o be_v make_v in_o then_o in_o the_o island_n of_o st._n helena_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n which_o lie_v about_o sixteen_o degree_n to_o the_o southwards_o of_o the_o line_n and_o be_v very_o near_o according_a to_o the_o late_a geographical_a map_n in_o the_o same_o meridian_n with_o london_n for_o though_o they_o may_v not_o perhaps_o lie_v exact_o in_o the_o same_o yet_o their_o observation_n be_v order_v according_a to_o what_o i_o shall_v anon_o show_v it_o will_v not_o be_v difficult_a to_o find_v the_o true_a distance_n of_o the_o planet_n but_o be_v they_o both_o under_o the_o same_o meridian_n it_o will_v be_v much_o better_a and_o because_o observation_n may_v be_v much_o easy_a and_o more_o accurate_o make_v with_o good_a telescope_n then_o with_o any_o other_o instrument_n it_o will_v not_o i_o suppose_v seem_v impertinent_a to_o explain_v a_o little_a what_o way_n i_o judge_v most_o fit_a and_o convenient_a for_o that_o particular_a such_o therefore_o as_o shall_v be_v the_o observator_n for_o this_o purpose_n shall_v be_v furnish_v with_o the_o best_a telescope_n that_o can_v be_v have_v the_o long_o the_o better_o and_o more_o exact_a will_v their_o observation_n be_v though_o they_o be_v somewhat_o the_o more_o difficult_o manage_v these_o shall_v be_v fit_v with_o a_o rete_fw-la or_o divide_a scale_n place_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n within_o the_o eye-glass_n that_o they_o may_v be_v distinct_o see_v which_o shall_v be_v the_o measure_n of_o minute_n and_o second_n by_o this_o instrument_n each_o observator_fw-la shall_v at_o certain_a prefix_a time_n observe_v the_o moon_n or_o other_o planet_n in_o or_o very_o near_o the_o meridian_n and_o because_o it_o may_v be_v very_o difficult_a to_o find_v two_o convenient_a station_n that_o will_v happen_v to_o be_v just_a under_o the_o same_o meridian_n they_o shall_v each_o of_o they_o observe_v the_o way_n of_o the_o planet_n both_o for_o a_o hour_n before_o and_o a_o hour_n after_o it_o arrive_v at_o the_o meridian_n and_o by_o a_o line_n or_o stroke_n among_o the_o small_a fix_a star_n they_o shall_v denote_v out_o the_o way_n that_o each_o of_o they_o observe_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o planet_n to_o be_v move_v in_o for_o those_o two_o hour_n these_o observation_n each_o of_o they_o shall_v repeat_v for_o many_o day_n together_o that_o both_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o both_o of_o they_o may_v sometime_o make_v their_o observation_n together_o and_o that_o from_o divers_a experiment_n we_o may_v be_v the_o better_o assure_v of_o what_o certainty_n and_o exactness_n such_o kind_n of_o observation_n be_v like_a to_o prove_v and_o because_o many_o of_o the_o star_n which_o may_v happen_v to_o come_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o such_o a_o iconism_n or_o map_n may_v be_v such_o as_o be_v only_o visible_a through_o a_o good_a telescope_n who_o position_n perhaps_o have_v not_o be_v note_v nor_o their_o longitude_n or_o latitude_n any_o where_o remark_v therefore_o each_o observator_fw-la shall_v endeavour_v to_o insert_v some_o fix_a star_n who_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n be_v know_v or_o with_o his_o telescope_n he_o shall_v find_v the_o position_n of_o some_o notable_a telescopical_a star_n insert_v in_o his_o map_n to_o some_o know_a fix_a star_n who_o place_n in_o the_o zodiac_n be_v well_o define_v have_v by_o this_o mean_v find_v the_o true_a distance_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o have_v observe_v well_o the_o apparent_a diameter_n of_o it_o at_o that_o time_n with_o a_o good_a telescope_n it_o be_v easy_a enough_o by_o one_o single_a observation_n of_o the_o apparent_a diameter_n of_o the_o moon_n with_o a_o good_a glass_n to_o determine_v her_o distance_n in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o she_o orbit_n or_o dragon_n and_o consequent_o some_o few_o observation_n will_v tell_v we_o whether_o she_o be_v move_v in_o a_o ellipsis_n which_o by_o the_o way_n may_v also_o be_v find_v even_o now_o though_o i_o think_v we_o be_v yet_o ignorant_a of_o her_o true_a distance_n and_o next_o which_o without_o such_o observation_n i_o think_v we_o shall_v not_o be_v sure_a of_o we_o may_v know_v exact_o the_o bigness_n of_o that_o ellipsis_n or_o circle_n and_o her_o true_a velocity_n in_o each_o part_n and_o thereby_o be_v much_o the_o better_o enable_v to_o find_v out_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o all_o her_o motion_n and_o though_o even_o now_o also_o we_o may_v by_o such_o observation_n in_o one_o station_n as_o here_o at_o london_n observe_v the_o apparent_a diameter_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o her_o dragon_n and_o consequent_o be_v enable_v to_o make_v a_o better_a guess_n at_o the_o species_n or_o kind_n of_o curve_v in_o which_o she_o be_v move_v that_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v spherical_a or_o elliptical_a or_o neither_o and_o with_o what_o proportional_a velocity_n she_o be_v carry_v in_o that_o curve_v yet_o till_o her_o true_a parallax_n be_v know_v we_o can_v determine_v either_o next_o for_o the_o true_a distance_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o best_a way_n will_v be_v by_o accurate_a observation_n make_v in_o both_o these_o forementioned_a station_n of_o some_o convenient_a eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n many_o of_o which_o may_v so_o happen_v as_o to_o be_v see_v by_o both_o for_o the_o penumbra_fw-mi of_o the_o moon_n may_v if_o she_o be_v sixty_o semidiameter_n distant_a from_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o sun_n above_o seven_o thousand_o extend_v to_o about_o seventy_o degree_n on_o the_o earth_n and_o consequent_o be_v see_v by_o observator_n as_o far_o distant_a as_o london_n and_o st._n helena_n which_o be_v not_o full_a sixty_o nine_o degree_n distant_a and_o this_o will_v much_o more_o accurate_o than_o any_o way_n that_o have_v be_v yet_o use_v determine_v the_o parallax_n and_o distance_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o as_o for_o the_o horizontal_n parallax_n i_o have_v already_o show_v it_o sufficient_o uncertain_a nor_o be_v the_o way_n of_o find_v it_o by_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n any_o other_o then_o hypothetical_a and_o that_o by_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o true_a and_o apparent_a quadrature_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v less_o not_o uncertain_a witness_v their_o deduction_n from_o it_o who_o have_v make_v use_n of_o it_o for_o vendeline_n put_v that_o difference_n to_o be_v but_o 4_o '_o 30_o whence_o he_o deduce_v a_o vast_a distance_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o i_o have_v before_o show_v ricciolo_n make_v it_o full_a 30_n 00_o but_o reinoldus_n and_o kircher_n no_o less_o than_o three_o degree_n and_o no_o wonder_n for_o if_o we_o examine_v the_o theory_n we_o shall_v find_v it_o so_o complicate_v with_o uncertainty_n first_o from_o the_o irregular_a surface_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o from_o several_a parallax_n that_o unless_o the_o dichotomy_n happen_v in_o the_o nonagesimus_fw-la of_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o that_o in_o the_o meridian_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o happen_v so_o very_o seldom_o that_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o make_v they_o otherwise_o then_o uncertain_o beside_o we_o be_v not_o yet_o certain_a but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v somewhat_o about_o the_o moon_n analogus_fw-la to_o the_o air_n about_o the_o earth_n which_o may_v cause_v a_o refraction_n of_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o consequent_o make_v a_o great_a difference_n in_o the_o apparent_a dichotomy_n of_o the_o moon_n their_o way_n indeed_o be_v very_o rational_a and_o ingenious_a and_o such_o as_o be_v much_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o way_n by_o the_o horizontal_n parallax_n can_v all_o the_o uncertainty_n be_v remove_v and_o be_v the_o true_a distance_n of_o the_o moon_n know_v but_o because_o we_o find_v by_o the_o experiment_n of_o vendiline_n reinoldus_n etc._n etc._n that_o observation_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v very_o uncertain_a also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o such_o kind_n of_o observation_n make_v at_o two_o very_a distant_a station_n be_v promote_v and_o it_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o desirable_a because_o from_o what_o i_o have_v now_o show_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o refraction_n may_v be_v very_o much_o great_a than_o all_o the_o astronomer_n hitherto_o have_v imagine_v it_o and_o consequent_o that_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o other_o planet_n may_v be_v much_o less_o than_o what_o they_o have_v hitherto_o make_v it_o for_o first_o this_o inflection_n i_o have_v here_o propound_v will_v allow_v the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v much_o short_a than_o it_o can_v be_v make_v by_o the_o other_o hypothesis_n of_o refraction_n and_o consequent_o the_o moon_n will_v not_o suffer_v a_o eclipse_n unless_o it_o come_v very_o much_o near_a the_o earth_n than_o the_o astronomer_n hitherto_o have_v suppose_v it_o second_o there_o will_v not_o in_o this_o hypothesis_n be_v any_o other_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n such_o as_o kepler_n suppose_v and_o call_v
of_o venice_n looking-glass_n the_o description_n of_o they_o obser._n 29._o of_o the_o seed_n of_o time_n a_o description_n of_o they_o a_o digression_n about_o nature_n method_n obseru._n 30._o of_o poppy_n seed_n the_o description_n and_o use_n of_o they_o obseru._n 31._o of_o purslane_n seed_n a_o description_n of_o these_o and_o many_o other_o seed_n obseru._n 32._o of_o hair_n the_o description_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o hair_n their_o figure_n and_o texture_n the_o reason_n of_o their_o colour_n a_o description_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o skin_n and_o of_o spunk_n and_o sponge_n by_o what_o passage_n and_o pore_n of_o the_o skin_n transpiration_n seem_v to_o be_v make_v experiment_n to_o prove_v the_o porousness_n of_o the_o skin_n of_o vegetable_n obseru._n 33._o of_o the_o scale_n of_o a_o sole_a a_o description_n of_o their_o beauteous_a form_n obseru._n 34._o of_o the_o sting_n of_o a_o bee_n a_o description_n of_o its_o shape_n mechanism_n and_o use_v obseru._n 35._o of_o feather_n a_o description_n of_o the_o shape_n and_o curious_a contexture_n of_o feather_n and_o some_o conjecture_n thereupon_o obser._n 36._o of_o peacock_n feather_n a_o description_n of_o their_o curious_a form_n and_o propriety_n with_o a_o conjecture_n at_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o variable_a colour_n obser._n 37._o of_o the_o foot_n of_o fly_n and_o other_o infect_v a_o description_n of_o their_o figure_n part_n and_o use_v and_o some_o consideration_n thereupon_o obser._n 38._o of_o the_o wing_n of_o fly_n after_o what_o manner_n and_o how_o swift_o the_o wing_n of_o infect_v move_v a_o description_n of_o the_o pendulum_n under_o the_o wing_n and_o their_o motion_n the_o shape_n and_o structure_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o wing_n obser._n 39_o of_o the_o head_n of_o a_o fly_n 1._o all_o the_o face_n of_o a_o drone-f_o be_v nothing_o almost_o but_o eye_n 2._o those_o be_v of_o two_o magnitude_n 3._o they_o be_v hemisphere_n and_o very_o reflective_a and_o smooth_a 4._o some_o direct_v towards_o every_o quarter_n 5._o how_o the_o fly_n cleanse_v they_o 6._o their_o number_n 7._o their_o order_n divers_a particular_n observe_v in_o the_o dissect_n a_o head_n that_o these_o be_v very_o probable_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o creature_n argue_v from_o several_a observation_n and_o experiment_n that_o crab_n lobster_n shrimp_v seem_v to_o be_v water_n infect_v and_o to_o be_v frame_v much_o like_a air_n infect_v several_a consideration_n about_o their_o manner_n of_o vision_n obser._n 40._o of_o the_o tooth_n of_o a_o snail_n a_o brief_a description_n of_o it_o obseru._n 41._o of_o the_o egg_n of_o silkworm_n several_a observable_n about_o the_o egg_n of_o infect_v obseru._n 42._o of_o a_o blue_a fly_n a_o description_n of_o its_o outward_a and_o inward_a part_n it_o be_v hardiness_n to_o endure_v freeze_v and_o steep_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n obseru._n 43._o of_o a_o water_n insect_n a_o description_n of_o its_o shape_n transparency_n motion_n both_o internal_a and_o progressive_a and_o transformation_n a_o history_n somewhat_o analogus_fw-la cite_v out_o of_o piso._n several_a observation_n about_o the_o various_a way_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o infect_v by_o what_o mean_v they_o act_v so_o seem_o wise_o and_o prudent_o several_a query_n propound_v postscript_n contain_v a_o relation_n of_o another_o very_a odd_a way_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o infect_v a_o observation_n about_o the_o fertility_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o our_o climate_n in_o produce_v infect_v and_o of_o divers_a other_o way_n of_o their_o generation_n obseru._n 44._o of_o the_o tuft_a gnat._n several_a observable_n about_o infect_v and_o a_o more_o particular_a description_n of_o the_o part_n of_o this_o gnat._n ob._n 45._o of_o the_o great_a belly_a gnat._n a_o short_a description_n of_o it_o obser._n 46._o of_o a_o white_a moth._n a_o description_n of_o the_o feather_n and_o wing_n of_o this_o and_o several_a other_o infect_v divers_a consideration_n about_o the_o wing_n and_o the_o fly_n of_o infect_v and_o bird_n obs._n 47._o of_o the_o shepherd_n spider_n a_o description_n of_o its_o eye_n and_o the_o socket_n of_o its_o long_a leg_n and_o a_o conjecture_n of_o the_o mechanical_a reason_n of_o its_o fabric_n together_o with_o a_o supposition_n that_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a but_o spider_n may_v have_v the_o make_v of_o their_o inward_a part_n exact_o like_o a_o crab_n which_o may_v be_v call_v a_o water_n spider_n obser._n 48._o of_o the_o hunt_a spider_n a_o short_a description_n of_o it_o to_o which_o be_v annex_v a_o excellent_a history_n of_o it_o make_v by_o mr._n evelyn_n some_o further_a observation_n on_o other_o spider_n and_o their_o web_n together_o with_o a_o examination_n of_o a_o white_a substance_n fly_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o air_n after_o a_o fog_n obser._n 49._o of_o a_o ant._n that_o all_o small_a body_n both_o vegetable_a and_o animal_n do_v quick_o dry_a and_o wither_v the_o best_a remedy_n i_o find_v to_o hinder_v it_o and_o to_o make_v the_o animal_n lie_v still_o to_o be_v observe_v several_a particular_n relate_v of_o the_o action_n of_o this_o creature_n and_o a_o short_a description_n of_o its_o part_n obs._n 50._o of_o the_o wander_a mite_n a_o description_n of_o this_o creature_n and_o of_o another_o very_a small_a one_o which_o usual_o bear_v it_o company_n a_o conjecture_n at_o the_o original_n of_o mite_n obseru._n 51._o of_o a_o crablike_a insect_n a_o brief_a description_n of_o it_o obseru._n 52._o of_o a_o book-worm_n a_o description_n of_o it_o where_o by_o the_o way_n be_v insert_v a_o digression_n experimental_o explicate_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o pearl_n a_o consideration_n of_o its_o digestive_a faculty_n obseru._n 53._o of_o a_o flea_n a_o short_a description_n of_o it_o obseru._n 54._o of_o a_o louse_n a_o description_n of_o its_o part_n and_o some_o notable_a circumstance_n obseru._n 55._o of_o mite_n the_o exceed_a smallness_n of_o some_o mite_n and_o their_o eggs._n a_o description_n of_o the_o mite_n of_o cheese_n and_o a_o intimation_n of_o the_o variety_n of_o form_n in_o other_o mite_n with_o a_o conjecture_n at_o the_o reason_n ob._n 56._o of_o small_a vine-mite_n a_o description_n of_o they_o a_o guess_n at_o their_o original_n their_o exceed_a smallness_n compare_v with_o that_o of_o a_o woodlouse_n from_o which_o they_o may_v be_v suppose_v to_o come_v obseru._n 57_o of_o vinegar-worm_n a_o description_n of_o they_o with_o some_o consideration_n on_o their_o motion_n obs._n 58._o of_o the_o inflection_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n in_o the_o air._n a_o short_a rehearsal_n of_o several_a phaenomena_n a_o attempt_n to_o explicate_v they_o the_o supposition_n found_v on_o two_o proposition_n both_o which_o be_v endeavour_v to_o be_v make_v out_o by_o several_a experiment_n what_o density_n and_o rarity_n be_v in_o respect_n of_o refraction_n the_o refraction_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n compare_v with_o that_o of_o common_a water_n the_o refraction_n of_o ice_n a_o experiment_n of_o make_v a_o vndulation_n of_o the_o ray_n by_o the_o mix_n of_o liquor_n of_o differ_a density_n the_o explication_n of_o inflection_n mechanical_o and_o hypothetical_o what_o body_n have_v such_o a_o inflection_n several_a experiment_n to_o show_v that_o the_o air_n have_v this_o propriety_n that_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o differ_a density_n of_o the_o air_n that_o the_o upper_a and_o under_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v of_o differ_v density_n some_o experiment_n to_o prove_v this_o a_o table_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n answer_v to_o each_o degree_n of_o extension_n when_o first_o make_v and_o when_o repeat_v another_o experiment_n of_o compress_v the_o air._n a_o table_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o air_n answer_v to_o each_o compression_n and_o expansion_n from_o which_o the_o height_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v suppose_v indefinite_a to_o what_o degree_n the_o air_n be_v rarify_v at_o any_o distance_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n how_o from_o this_o inflection_n be_v infer_v and_o several_a phaenomena_n explain_v that_o the_o air_n near_o the_o earth_n be_v compose_v of_o part_n of_o differ_a density_n make_v probable_a by_o several_a experiment_n and_o observation_n how_o this_o propriety_n produce_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o wave_a and_o dance_v of_o body_n and_o of_o the_o twinkle_n of_o the_o star_n several_a phaenomena_n explicate_v some_o quoeries_n add_v 1._o whether_o this_o principle_n may_v not_o be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o perfect_v optic_a glass_n what_o may_v be_v hope_v from_o it_o if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v do_v 2._o whether_o from_o this_o principle_n the_o apparition_n of_o some_o new_a star_n may_v not_o be_v explicate_v 3._o whether_o the_o height_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v define_v by_o it_o 4._o whether_o there_o may_v not_o sometime_o be_v so_o great_a a_o disparity_n of_o density_n between_o
not_o only_o into_o the_o microscopical_a pore_n and_o so_o perfect_o stop_v they_o up_o but_o also_o into_o the_o pore_n or_o interstitia_fw-la which_o may_v perhaps_o be_v even_o in_o the_o texture_n or_o schematismâ—_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o wood_n which_o through_o the_o microscope_n appear_v most_o solid_a do_v thereby_o so_o augment_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o wood_n as_o to_o make_v it_o above_o three_o time_n heavy_a than_o water_n and_o perhaps_o six_o time_n as_o heavy_a as_o it_o be_v when_o wood._n next_o they_o thereby_o so_o lock_v up_o and_o â—etter_v the_o part_n of_o the_o wood_n that_o the_o fire_n can_v easy_o make_v they_o fly_v away_o but_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n upon_o they_o be_v only_o able_a to_o char_n those_o part_n as_o it_o be_v like_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n if_o it_o be_v close_v very_o fast_o up_o in_o clay_n and_o keep_v a_o good_a while_n red-hot_a in_o the_o fire_n will_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v char_v and_o not_o consume_v which_o may_v perhaps_o also_o be_v somewhat_o of_o the_o cause_n why_o the_o petrified_a substance_n appear_v of_o a_o dark_a brown_a colour_n after_o it_o have_v be_v burn_v by_o this_o intrusion_n of_o the_o petrify_a particle_n this_o substance_n also_o become_v hard_a and_o friable_a for_o the_o small_a pore_n of_o the_o wood_n be_v perfect_o wedge_v and_o stuff_v up_o with_o those_o stony_a particle_n the_o small_a part_n of_o the_o wood_n have_v no_o place_n or_o pore_n into_o which_o they_o may_v slide_v upon_o bend_v and_o consequent_o little_a or_o no_o flexion_n or_o yield_v at_o all_o can_v be_v cause_v in_o such_o a_o substance_n the_o remain_a particle_n likewise_o of_o the_o wood_n among_o the_o stony_a particle_n may_v keep_v they_o from_o crack_v and_o fly_v when_o put_v into_o the_o fire_n as_o they_o be_v very_o apt_a to_o do_v in_o a_o flint_n nor_o be_v wood_n the_o only_a substance_n that_o may_v by_o this_o kind_n of_o transâ—â—tation_n be_v change_v into_o stone_n for_o i_o myself_o have_v see_v and_o examine_v very_o many_o kind_n of_o substance_n and_o among_o very_o credible_a author_n we_o may_v meet_v with_o history_n of_o such_o metamorphosis_n wrought_v almost_o on_o all_o kind_n of_o substance_n both_o vegetable_a and_o animal_n which_o history_n it_o be_v not_o my_o business_n at_o present_a either_o to_o relate_v or_o epitomise_v but_o only_o to_o set_v down_o some_o observation_n i_o late_o make_v on_o several_a kind_n of_o petrified_a shell_n find_v about_o keinsham_n which_o lie_v within_o four_o or_o five_o mile_n of_o brisâ—ol_n which_o be_v common_o call_v serpentine-stone_n examine_v several_a of_o these_o very_o curious_o figure_v body_n which_o be_v common_o think_v to_o be_v stone_n form_v by_o some_o extraordinary_a plastic_a virtue_n latent_fw-la in_o the_o earth_n itself_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o these_o particular_n first_o that_o these_o figure_a body_n or_o stone_n be_v of_o very_o differ_v substance_n as_o to_o hardness_n some_o of_o clay_n some_o marl_n some_o soft_a stone_n almost_o of_o the_o hardness_n of_o those_o soft_a stone_n which_o mason_n call_v firestone_n other_o as_o hard_a as_o portland_n stone_n other_o as_o hard_o as_o marble_n and_o some_o as_o hard_o a_o a_o flint_n or_o crystal_n next_o they_o be_v of_o very_o differ_v substance_n as_o to_o transparency_n and_o colour_n some_o white_a some_o almost_o black_a some_o brown_a some_o metalline_a or_o like_a marchasite_n some_o transparent_a like_a white_a marble_n other_o like_o flaw_a crystal_n some_o gray_a some_o of_o divers_a colour_n some_o radiate_v like_o these_o long_a petrified_a drop_n which_o be_v common_o find_v at_o the_o peak_n and_o in_o other_o subterraneous_a cavern_n which_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o pith_n in_o the_o middle_n three_o that_o they_o be_v very_o different_a as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o outward_a figuration_n for_o some_o of_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o substance_n that_o have_v fill_v the_o shell_n of_o some_o kind_n of_o shellfish_n other_o to_o have_v be_v the_o substance_n that_o have_v contain_v or_o enwrap_v one_o of_o those_o shell_n on_o both_o which_o the_o perfect_a impression_n either_o of_o the_o inside_n or_o outside_n of_o such_o shell_n seem_v to_o be_v leave_v but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n those_o impression_n seem_v to_o be_v make_v by_o a_o imperfect_a or_o break_a shell_n the_o great_a end_n or_o mouth_n of_o the_o shell_n be_v always_o want_v and_o oftentimes_o the_o little_a end_n and_o sometime_o half_a and_o in_o some_o there_o be_v impression_n just_a as_o if_o there_o have_v be_v hole_n break_v in_o the_o figurate_n imprint_v or_o mould_v shell_n some_o of_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v make_v by_o such_o a_o shell_n very_o much_o bruise_v or_o flaw_v insomuch_o that_o one_o will_v very_o have_v think_v that_o very_o figure_v stone_n have_v be_v break_v or_o bruise_a whilst_o a_o jelly_n as_o it_o be_v and_o so_o harden_v but_o within_o in_o the_o grain_n of_o the_o stone_n there_o appear_v not_o the_o least_o sign_n of_o any_o such_o bruise_n or_o break_n but_o only_o on_o the_o very_a uttermost_a superficies_n four_o they_o be_v very_o different_a as_o to_o their_o outward_a cover_n some_o have_v the_o perfect_a shell_n both_o in_o figure_n colour_n and_o substance_n stick_v on_o upon_o its_o surface_n and_o adhere_v to_o it_o but_o may_v very_o easy_o be_v separate_v from_o it_o and_o like_o other_o common_a cockle_n or_o scolop-shel_n which_o some_o of_o they_o most_o accurate_o resemble_v be_v very_o dissoluble_a in_o common_a vinegar_n other_o of_o they_o especial_o those_o serpentine_a or_o helical_a stone_n be_v cover_v or_o retain_v the_o shine_a or_o pearl-coloured_a substance_n of_o the_o inside_n of_o a_o shel_n which_o substance_n on_o some_o part_n of_o they_o be_v exceed_v thin_a and_o may_v very_o easy_o be_v rub_v off_o on_o other_o part_n it_o be_v pretty_a thick_a and_o retain_v a_o white_a coat_n or_o flaky_a substance_n on_o the_o top_n just_a like_o the_o outside_n of_o such_o shell_n some_o of_o they_o have_v very_o large_a piece_n of_o the_o shell_n very_o plain_o stick_v on_o to_o they_o which_o be_v easy_o to_o be_v break_v or_o flake_v off_o by_o degree_n they_o likewise_o some_o of_o they_o retain_v all_o along_o the_o surface_n of_o they_o very_o pretty_a kind_n of_o suture_n such_o as_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o skull_n of_o several_a kind_n of_o live_a creature_n which_o suture_n be_v most_o curious_o shape_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o leaf_n and_o every_o one_o of_o they_o in_o the_o same_o shell_n exact_o one_o like_o another_o which_o i_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v plain_o enough_o with_o my_o naked_a eye_n but_o more_o perfect_o and_o distinct_o with_o my_o microscope_n all_o these_o suture_n by_o break_v some_o of_o these_o stone_n i_o find_v to_o be_v the_o termini_fw-la or_o bounding_n of_o certain_a diaphragm_n or_o partition_n which_o seem_v to_o divide_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o shell_n into_o a_o multitude_n of_o very_a proportionate_a and_o regular_a cell_n or_o cavern_n these_o diaphragm_n in_o many_o of_o they_o i_o find_v very_o perfect_a and_o complete_a of_o a_o very_a distinct_a substance_n from_o that_o which_o fill_v the_o cavity_n and_o exact_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n with_o that_o which_o cover_v the_o outside_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n whitish_a or_o mother-of-pearl_n colour_v as_o for_o the_o cavity_n between_o those_o diaphragm_n i_o find_v some_o of_o they_o fill_v with_o marle_n and_o other_o with_o several_a kind_n of_o stone_n other_o for_o the_o most_o part_n hollow_a only_o the_o whole_a cavity_n be_v usual_o cover_v over_o with_o a_o kind_n of_o tartareous_a petrified_a substance_n which_o stick_v about_o the_o side_n and_o be_v there_o shoot_v into_o very_o curious_a regular_a figure_n just_a as_o tartar_n or_o other_o dissolve_v salt_n be_v observe_v to_o stick_v and_o crystallize_v about_o the_o side_n of_o the_o contain_v vessel_n or_o like_o those_o little_a diamond_n which_o i_o before_o observe_v to_o have_v cover_v the_o vault_a cavity_n of_o a_o flint_n other_o have_v these_o cavity_n all_o line_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o metalline_a or_o marchasite-like_a substance_n which_o with_o a_o microscope_n i_o can_v as_o plain_o see_v most_o curious_o and_o regular_o figure_v as_o i_o have_v do_v those_o in_o a_o flint_n from_o all_o which_o and_o several_a other_o particular_n which_o i_o observe_v i_o can_v but_o think_v that_o all_o these_o and_o most_o other_o kind_n of_o stony_a body_n which_o be_v find_v thus_o strange_o figure_v do_v owe_v their_o formation_n and_o figuration_n not_o to_o any_o kind_n of_o plastic_a virtue_n inherent_a in_o the_o earth_n but_o to_o the_o shell_n of_o certain_a shelfish_n which_o either_o by_o
some_o deluge_n inundation_n earthquake_n or_o some_o such_o other_o mean_n come_v to_o be_v throw_v to_o that_o place_n and_o there_o to_o be_v fill_v with_o some_o kind_n of_o mudd_n or_o day_n or_o petrify_a water_n or_o some_o other_o substance_n which_o in_o tract_n of_o time_n have_v be_v settle_v together_o and_o harden_a in_o those_o shelly_a mould_n into_o those_o shape_a substance_n we_o now_o find_v they_o that_o the_o great_a and_o thin_a end_n of_o these_o shell_n by_o that_o earthquake_n or_o what_o ever_o other_o extraordinary_a cause_n it_o be_v that_o bring_v they_o thither_o be_v break_v off_o and_o that_o many_o other_o be_v otherwise_o break_v bruise_a and_o disfigure_v that_o these_o shell_n which_o be_v thus_o spirally_v and_o separate_v with_o diaphragme_n be_v some_o kind_n of_o nautili_n or_o porcelain_n shell_n and_o that_o other_o be_v shell_n of_o cockle_n muscle_n periwinkle_n scolops_n etc._n etc._n of_o various_a sort_n that_o these_o shell_n in_o many_o from_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o the_o contain_n or_o enclose_v earth_n or_o some_o other_o cause_n have_v in_o tract_n of_o time_n rot_v and_o moulder_a away_o and_o only_o leave_v their_o impression_n both_o on_o the_o contain_n and_o contain_v substance_n and_o so_o leave_v they_o pretty_a loose_a one_o within_o another_o so_o that_o they_o may_v be_v easy_o separate_v by_o a_o knock_n or_o two_o of_o a_o hammer_n that_o other_o of_o these_o shell_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o substance_n adjacent_a to_o they_o have_v by_o a_o long_a continuance_n in_o that_o posture_n be_v petrify_v and_o turn_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o stone_n just_a as_o i_o even_o now_o observe_v several_a sort_n of_o wood_n to_o be_v that_o oftentimes_o the_o shell_n may_v be_v find_v with_o one_o kind_n of_o substance_n within_o and_o quite_o another_o without_o have_v perhaps_o be_v fill_v in_o one_o place_n and_o afterward_o translate_v to_o another_o which_o i_o have_v very_o frequent_o observe_v in_o cockle_n muscle_n periwinkle_n and_o other_o shell_n which_o i_o have_v find_v by_o the_o sea_n side_n nay_o further_o that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o same_o shell_n may_v be_v fill_v in_o one_o place_n and_o some_o other_o cavern_n in_o another_o and_o other_o in_o a_o three_o or_o a_o four_o or_o a_o five_o place_n for_o so_o many_o differ_a substance_n have_v i_o find_v in_o one_o of_o these_o petrified_a shell_n and_o perhaps_o all_o these_o differ_v from_o the_o encompass_v earth_n or_o stone_n the_o mean_n how_o all_o which_o variety_n may_v be_v cause_v i_o think_v will_v not_o be_v difficult_a to_o conceive_v to_o any_o one_o that_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o those_o shell_n which_o be_v common_o find_v on_o the_o sea_n shore_n and_o he_o that_o shall_v thorough_o examine_v several_a kind_n of_o such_o curious_o form_v stone_n will_v i_o be_o very_o apt_a to_o think_v find_v reason_n to_o suppose_v their_o generation_n or_o formation_n to_o be_v ascribable_a to_o some_o such_o accident_n as_o i_o have_v mention_v and_o not_o to_o any_o plastic_a virtue_n for_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o infinite_a prudence_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v observable_a in_o all_o its_o work_n and_o production_n to_o design_n every_o thing_n to_o a_o determinate_a end_n and_o for_o the_o attain_n of_o that_o end_n make_v use_n of_o such_o way_n as_o be_v as_o far_o as_o the_o knowledge_n of_o man_n have_v yet_o be_v able_a to_o reach_v altogether_o consonant_a and_o most_o agreeable_a to_o man_n reason_n and_o of_o no_o way_n or_o mean_n that_o do_v contradict_v or_o be_v contrary_n to_o humane_a ratiocination_n whence_o it_o have_v a_o long_a time_n be_v a_o general_a observation_n and_o maxim_n that_o nature_n do_v nothing_o in_o vain_a it_o seem_v i_o say_v contrary_a to_o that_o great_a wisdom_n of_o nature_n that_o these_o pretty_o shape_a body_n shall_v have_v all_o those_o curious_a figure_n and_o contrivance_n which_o many_o of_o they_o be_v adorn_v and_o contrive_v with_o generate_v or_o wrought_v by_o a_o plastic_a virtue_n for_o no_o high_a end_n then_o only_o to_o exhibit_v such_o a_o form_n which_o he_o that_o shall_v thorough_o consider_v all_o the_o circumstance_n of_o such_o kind_n of_o figure_v body_n will_n i_o think_v have_v great_a reason_n to_o believe_v though_o i_o confess_v one_o can_v present_o be_v able_a to_o find_v out_o what_o nature_n design_n be_v it_o be_v therefore_o very_o desirable_a that_o a_o good_a collection_n of_o such_o kind_n of_o figure_v stone_n be_v collect_v and_o as_o many_o particular_n circumstance_n and_o information_n collect_v with_o they_o as_o can_v be_v obtain_v that_o from_o such_o a_o history_n of_o observation_n well_o range_v examine_v and_o digest_v the_o true_a original_n or_o production_n of_o all_o those_o kind_n of_o stone_n may_v be_v perfect_o and_o sure_o know_v such_o as_o be_v thunder-stone_n lapides_fw-la stellares_fw-la lapides_fw-la judaici_n and_o multitude_n of_o other_o whereof_o mention_n be_v make_v in_o aldrovandus_n wormius_n and_o other_o writer_n of_o mineral_n obseru._n xviii_o of_o the_o schematisme_n or_o texture_n of_o cork_n and_o of_o the_o cell_n and_o pore_n of_o some_o other_o such_o frothy_a body_n i_o take_v a_o good_a clear_a piece_n of_o cork_n and_o with_o a_o penknife_n sharpen_v as_o keen_a as_o a_o razor_n i_o cut_v a_o piece_n of_o it_o off_o and_o thereby_o leave_v the_o surface_n of_o it_o exceed_v smooth_a then_o examine_v it_o very_o diligent_o with_o a_o microscope_n i_o thought_n i_o can_v perceive_v it_o to_o appear_v a_o little_a porous_a but_o i_o can_v not_o so_o plain_o distinguish_v they_o as_o to_o be_v sure_a that_o they_o be_v pore_n much_o less_o what_o figure_n they_o be_v of_o but_o judge_v from_o the_o lightness_n and_o yield_a quality_n of_o the_o cork_n that_o certain_o the_o texture_n can_v not_o be_v so_o curious_a but_o that_o possible_o if_o i_o can_v use_v some_o further_a diligence_n i_o may_v find_v it_o to_o be_v discernible_a with_o a_o microscope_n i_o with_o the_o same_o sharp_a penknife_n cut_v off_o from_o the_o former_a smooth_a surface_n a_o exceed_o thin_a piece_n of_o it_o and_o place_v it_o on_o a_o black_a object_n plate_n because_o it_o be_v itself_o a_o white_a body_n and_o cast_v the_o light_n on_o it_o with_o a_o deep_a planoconvex_a glass_n i_o can_v exceed_v plain_o perceive_v it_o to_o be_v all_o perforated_a and_o porous_a much_o like_o a_o honeycomb_n but_o that_o the_o pore_n of_o it_o be_v not_o regular_a yet_o it_o be_v not_o unlike_o a_o honeycomb_n in_o these_o particular_n first_o in_o that_o it_o have_v a_o very_a little_a solid_a substance_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o empty_a cavity_n that_o be_v contain_v between_o as_o do_v more_o manifest_o appear_v by_o the_o figure_n a_o and_o b_o of_o the_o xi_o scheme_n for_o the_o interstitia_fw-la or_o wall_n as_o i_o may_v so_o call_v they_o or_o partition_n of_o those_o pore_n be_v near_o as_o thin_a in_o proportion_n to_o their_o pore_n as_o those_o thin_a film_n of_o wax_n in_o a_o honeycomb_n which_o enclose_v and_o constitute_v the_o sexangular_a cell_n be_v to_o they_o next_o in_o that_o these_o pore_n or_o cell_n be_v not_o very_o deep_a but_o consist_v of_o a_o great_a many_o little_a box_n separate_v out_o of_o one_o continue_v long_o poor_a by_o certain_a diaphragm_n as_o be_v visible_a by_o the_o figure_n b_o which_o represent_v a_o sight_n of_o those_o pore_n split_v the_o long-way_n i_o no_o soon_o discern_v these_o which_o be_v indeed_o the_o first_o microscopical_a pore_n i_o ever_o see_v and_o perhaps_o that_o be_v ever_o see_v for_o i_o have_v not_o meet_v with_o any_o writer_n or_o person_n that_o have_v make_v any_o mention_n of_o they_o before_o this_o but_o i_o think_v i_o have_v with_o the_o discovery_n of_o they_o present_o hint_v to_o i_o the_o true_a and_o intelligible_a reason_n of_o all_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o cork_n as_o first_o if_o i_o inquire_v why_o it_o be_v so_o exceed_o light_v a_o body_n my_o microscope_n can_v present_o inform_v i_o that_o here_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n evident_a that_o there_o be_v find_v for_o the_o lightness_n of_o froth_n a_o empty_a honeycomb_n wool_n a_o sponge_n a_o pumice-stone_n or_o the_o like_a namely_o a_o very_a small_a quantity_n of_o a_o solid_a body_n extend_v into_o exceed_v large_a dimension_n next_o it_o seem_v nothing_o more_o difficult_a to_o give_v a_o intelligible_a reason_n why_o cork_n be_v a_o body_n so_o very_o unapt_a to_o suck_v and_o drink_v in_o water_n and_o consequent_o preserve_v itself_o float_v on_o the_o top_n of_o water_n though_o leave_v on_o it_o never_o so_o long_o and_o why_o it_o be_v able_a to_o stop_v and_o hold_v air_n in_o a_o bottle_n though_o it_o be_v