as_o water_n 8_o another_o cause_n of_o hardness_n from_o the_o full_a contact_n of_o atom_n also_o how_o hard_a thing_n be_v break_v 9_o a_o three_o cause_n of_o hardness_n from_o heat_n 10_o a_o four_o cause_n of_o hardness_n from_o the_o motion_n of_o atom_n enclose_v in_o a_o narrow_a space_n 11_o how_o hard_a thing_n be_v soften_v 12_o whence_o proceed_v the_o spontaneous_a restitution_n of_o thing_n bent._n 13_o diaphanous_a and_o opacous_a what_o they_o be_v and_o whence_o 14_o the_o cause_n of_o lightning_n and_o thunder_n 15_o whence_o it_o proceed_v that_o cloud_n can_v fall_v again_o after_o they_o be_v once_o elevate_v and_o freeze_a 16_o how_o it_o can_v be_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v eclipse_v when_o she_o be_v not_o diametral_o opposite_a to_o the_o sun_n 17_o by_o what_o mean_v many_o sun_n may_v appear_v at_o once_o 18_o of_o the_o head_n of_o river_n 1_o as_o when_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la aethereal_a substance_n make_v the_o spirit_n and_o fluid_a part_n of_o our_o body_n tend_v outward_o we_o acknowledge_v heat_n so_o by_o the_o endeavour_n inward_o of_o the_o same_o spirit_n and_o humour_n we_o feel_v cold._a so_o that_o to_o cool_v be_v to_o make_v the_o exterior_a part_n of_o the_o body_n endeavour_v inward_o by_o a_o motion_n contrary_n to_o that_o of_o calefaction_n by_o which_o the_o internal_a part_n be_v call_v outward_o he_o therefore_o that_o will_v know_v the_o cause_n of_o cold_a must_v find_v by_o what_o motion_n or_o motion_n the_o exterior_a part_n of_o any_o body_n endeavour_v to_o retire_v inward_o to_o begin_v with_o those_o phaenomena_n which_o be_v the_o most_o familiar_a there_o be_v almost_o no_o man_n but_o know_v that_o breath_n blow_v strong_o and_o which_o come_v from_o the_o mouth_n with_o violence_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o passage_n be_v straight_o will_v cool_v the_o hand_n and_o that_o the_o same_o breath_n blow_v gentle_o that_o be_v to_o say_v through_o a_o great_a aperture_n will_v warm_v the_o same_o the_o cause_n of_o which_o phaenomenon_n may_v be_v this_o the_o breath_n go_v out_o have_v two_o motion_n the_o one_o of_o the_o whole_a and_o direct_a by_o which_o the_o foremost_a part_n of_o the_o hand_n be_v drive_v inward_o the_o other_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o small_a particle_n of_o the_o same_o breath_n which_o as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o 3d_o article_n of_o the_o last_o chapter_n cause_v heat_n according_a therefore_o as_o either_o of_o these_o motion_n be_v predominant_a so_o there_o be_v the_o sense_n sometime_o of_o cold_a sometime_o of_o heat_n wherefore_o when_o the_o breath_n be_v soft_o breathe_v out_o at_o a_o large_a passage_n that_o simple_a motion_n which_o cause_v heat_n prevail_v and_o consequent_o heat_n be_v feel_v and_o when_o by_o compress_v the_o lip_n the_o breath_n be_v more_o strong_o blow_v out_o then_o be_v the_o direct_a motion_n prevalent_a which_o make_v we_o feel_v cold._a for_o the_o direct_a motion_n of_o the_o breath_n or_o air_n be_v wind_n and_o all_o wind_n cool_v or_o diminish_v former_a heat_n 2_o and_o see_v not_o only_o great_a wind_n but_o almost_o any_o ventilation_n and_o stir_v of_o the_o air_n do_v refrigerate_v the_o reason_n of_o many_o experiment_n concern_v cold_a can_v well_o be_v give_v without_o find_v first_o what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o wind._n now_o wind_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o direct_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n thrust_v forward_o which_o nevertheless_o when_o many_o wind_n concur_v may_v be_v circular_a or_o otherwise_o indirect_a as_o it_o be_v in_o whirlwind_n wherefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o be_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o wind_n wind_n be_v aire_n move_v in_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n and_o that_o either_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o wave_n which_o be_v both_o forward_o &_o also_o up_o &_o down_o or_o else_o forward_o only_a suppose_v therefore_o the_o air_n both_o clear_a and_o calm_a for_o any_o time_n how_o little_a soever_o yet_o the_o great_a body_n of_o the_o world_n be_v so_o dispose_v and_o order_v as_o have_v be_v say_v it_o will_v be_v necessary_a that_o a_o wind_n present_o arise_v some_o where_o for_o see_v that_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o own_o epicycle_n cause_v a_o exhalation_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o water_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o all_o other_o moist_a body_n and_o those_o particle_n make_v cloud_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o while_o the_o particle_n of_o water_n pass_v upward_o the_o particle_n of_o air_n for_o the_o keep_n of_o all_o space_n full_a be_v justle_v out_o on_o every_o side_n and_o urge_v the_o next_o particle_n and_o these_o the_o next_o till_o have_v make_v their_o circuit_n there_o come_v continual_o so_o much_o air_n to_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o there_o go_v water_n from_o before_o it_o wherefore_o the_o ascend_a vapour_n move_v the_o air_n towards_o the_o side_n every_o way_n and_o all_o direct_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n be_v wind_n they_o make_v a_o wind._n and_o if_o this_o wind_n meet_v often_o with_o other_o vapour_n which_o arise_v in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o force_n thereof_o will_v be_v augment_v &_o the_o way_n or_o course_n of_o it_o change_v beside_o according_a as_o the_o earth_n by_o its_o diurnal_a motion_n turn_v sometime_o the_o dry_a sometime_o the_o moist_a part_n towards_o the_o sun_n so_o sometime_o a_o great_a sometime_o a_o less_o quantity_n of_o vapour_n will_v be_v raise_v that_o be_v to_o say_v sometime_o there_o will_v be_v a_o less_o sometime_o a_o great_a wind._n wherefore_o i_o have_v render_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o such_o wind_n as_o be_v generate_v by_o vapour_n and_o also_o of_o their_o inconstancy_n from_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o these_o wind_n can_v be_v make_v in_o any_o place_n which_o be_v high_o than_o that_o to_o which_o vapour_n may_v ascend_v nor_o be_v that_o incredible_a which_o be_v report_v of_o the_o high_a mountain_n as_o the_o pique_n of_o tenariffe_n and_o the_o andes_n of_o peru_n namely_o that_o they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o trouble_a with_o these_o inconstant_a wind_n and_o if_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o neither_o rain_n nor_o snow_n be_v ever_o see_v in_o the_o high_a top_n of_o those_o mountain_n it_o can_v not_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o they_o be_v high_a than_o any_o place_n to_o which_o vapour_n use_v to_o ascend_v 3_o nevertheless_o there_o may_v be_v wind_n there_o though_o not_o that_o which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o ascent_n of_o vapour_n yet_o a_o less_o &_o more_o constant_a wind_n like_o the_o continue_a blast_n of_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_o blow_v from_o the_o east_n and_o this_o may_v have_v a_o double_a cause_n the_o one_o the_o diurnal_a mo_z tion_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o its_o simple_a motion_n in_o its_o own_o epicycle_n for_o these_o mountain_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o height_n more_o eminent_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v by_o both_o these_o motion_n drive_v the_o air_n from_o the_o west_n eastward_n to_o which_o though_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n contribute_v but_o little_a yet_o see_v i_o have_v suppose_v that_o the_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o its_o own_o epicycle_n make_v two_o revolution_n in_o the_o same_o time_n in_o which_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n make_v but_o one_o and_o that_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o epicycle_n be_v double_a to_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o diurnal_a conversion_n the_o motion_n of_o every_o point_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o its_o own_o epicycle_n will_v have_v its_o velocity_n quadruple_a to_o that_o of_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n so_o that_o by_o both_o these_o motion_n together_o the_o top_n of_o those_o hill_n will_v sensible_o be_v move_v against_o the_o air_n and_o consequent_o a_o wind_n will_v be_v feel_v for_o whether_o the_o air_n strike_v the_o sentient_a or_o the_o sentient_a the_o air_n the_o perception_n of_o motion_n will_v be_v the_o same_o but_o this_o wind_n see_v it_o be_v not_o cause_v by_o the_o ascent_n of_o vapour_n must_v necessary_o be_v very_o constant._n 4_o when_o one_o cloud_n be_v already_o ascend_v into_o the_o air_n if_o another_o cloud_n ascend_v towards_o it_o that_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v intercept_v between_o they_o both_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v press_v out_o every_o way_n also_o when_o both_o of_o they_o while_o the_o one_o ascend_v and_o the_o other_o either_o stay_v or_o descend_v come_v to_o be_v join_v in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o the_o aethereal_a substance_n be_v shut_v within_o they_o on_o every_o side_n it_o will_v by_o this_o compression_n also_o go_v out_o by_o penetrate_v the_o water_n
but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o hard_a particle_n which_o be_v mingle_v with_o the_o air_n and_o be_v agitate_a as_o i_o have_v suppose_v with_o simple_a motion_n will_v not_o pass_v through_o the_o water_n of_o the_o cloud_n but_o be_v more_o straight_o compress_v within_o their_o cavity_n and_o this_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v at_o the_o four_o and_o 5_o article_n of_o the_o 22th_o chapter_n beside_o see_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n float_v in_o the_o air_n which_o be_v agitate_a by_o the_o sun_n motion_n the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n resist_v by_o the_o earth_n will_v spread_v themselves_o every_o way_n upon_o the_o earth_n superficies_n as_o i_o have_v show_v at_o the_o 8_o article_n of_o the_o 21th_o chapter_n 5_o we_o perceive_v a_o body_n to_o be_v hard_a from_o this_o that_o when_o touch_v it_o we_o will_v thrust_v forward_o that_o part_n of_o the_o same_o which_o we_o touch_v we_o can_v do_v it_o otherwise_o then_o by_o thrust_v forward_o the_o whole_a body_n we_o may_v indeed_o easy_o and_o sensible_o thrust_v forward_o any_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n or_o water_n which_o we_o touch_v whilst_o yet_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o part_n remain_v to_o sense_n unmoved_a but_o we_o can_v do_v so_o to_o any_o part_n of_o a_o stone_n wherefore_o i_o define_v a_o hard_a body_n to_o be_v that_o whereof_o no_o part_n can_v be_v sensible_o move_v unless_o the_o whole_a be_v move_v whatsoever_o therefore_o be_v soft_a or_o fluid_a the_o same_o can_v never_o be_v make_v hard_o but_o by_o such_o motion_n as_o make_v many_o of_o the_o part_n together_o stop_v the_o motion_n of_o some_o one_o part_n by_o resist_v the_o same_o 6_o these_o thing_n premise_v i_o shall_v show_v a_o possible_a cause_n why_o there_o be_v great_a cold_a near_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n then_o further_o from_o they_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n between_o the_o tropic_n drive_v the_o air_n towards_o that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n superficies_n which_o be_v perpendicular_o under_o it_o make_v it_o spread_v itself_o every_o way_n and_o the_o velocity_n of_o this_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n grow_v great_a and_o great_a as_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n come_v to_o be_v more_o and_o more_o straighten_v that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v parallel_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la come_v to_o be_v less_o and_o less_o wherefore_o this_o expansive_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n drive_v before_o it_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v in_o its_o way_n continual_o towards_o the_o pole_n more_o and_o more_o strong_o as_o its_o force_n come_v to_o be_v more_o and_o more_o unite_a that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v parallel_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v less_o and_o less_o that_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v near_o to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o those_o place_n therefore_o which_o be_v near_a to_o the_o pole_n there_o be_v great_a cold_a then_o in_o those_o which_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o they_o now_o this_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o east_n to_o west_n do_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o sun_n perpetual_a accession_n to_o the_o place_n which_o be_v successive_o under_o it_o make_v it_o cold_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o sun_n rise_v and_o set_v but_o as_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o be_v continual_o more_o and_o more_o perpendicular_a to_o those_o cool_v place_n so_o by_o the_o heat_n which_o be_v generate_v by_o the_o superven_a simple_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o cold_a be_v again_o remit_v and_o can_v never_o be_v great_a because_o the_o action_n by_o the_o which_o it_o be_v generate_v be_v not_o permanent_a wherefore_o i_o have_v render_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o cold_a in_o those_o place_n that_o be_v near_o the_o pole_n or_o where_o the_o obliquity_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v great_a 7_o how_o water_n may_v be_v congeal_v by_o cold_a may_v be_v explain_v in_o this_o manner_n let_v a_o in_o the_o first_o figure_n represent_v the_o sun_n and_o b_o the_o earth_n a_o will_v therefore_o be_v much_o great_a than_o b._n let_v of_o be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a to_o which_o let_v gh_a ik_fw-mi and_o lc_n be_v parallel_n last_o let_v c_o and_o d_o be_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o air_n therefore_o by_o its_o action_n in_o those_o parallel_n will_v rake_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o with_o motion_n so_o much_o the_o strong_a by_o how_o much_o the_o parallel_a circle_n towards_o the_o pole_n grow_v less_o and_o less_o from_o whence_o must_v arise_v a_o wind_n which_o will_v force_v together_o the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o withal_o raise_v they_o a_o little_a weaken_v their_o endeavour_n towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o from_o their_o endeavour_n towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n join_v with_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o say_a wind_n the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v press_v together_o and_o coagulate_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v skin_v over_o and_o harden_v and_o so_o again_o the_o water_n next_o the_o top_n will_v be_v harden_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n till_o at_o length_n the_o ice_n be_v thick_a and_o this_o ice_n be_v now_o compact_v of_o little_a hard_a body_n must_v also_o contain_v many_o particle_n of_o air_n receive_v into_o it_o as_o river_n and_o sea_n so_o also_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n may_v the_o cloud_n be_v freeze_v for_o when_o by_o the_o ascend_a and_o descend_v of_o several_a cloud_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o air_n intercept_v between_o they_o be_v by_o compression_n force_v out_o it_o rake_n &_o by_o little_a &_o little_o harden_v they_o and_o though_o those_o small_a drop_n which_o usual_o make_v cloud_n be_v not_o yet_o unite_v into_o great_a body_n yet_o the_o same_o wind_n will_v be_v make_v &_o by_o it_o as_o water_n be_v congeal_v into_o ice_n so_o will_v vapour_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v congeal_v into_o snow_n from_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o ice_n may_v be_v make_v by_o art_n and_o that_o not_o far_o from_o the_o fire_n for_o it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o mingle_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n together_o and_o by_o bury_v in_o it_o a_o small_a vessel_n full_a of_o water_n now_o while_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n which_o have_v in_o they_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o air_n be_v melt_v the_o air_n which_o be_v press_v out_o every_o way_n in_o wind_n rake_n the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o as_o the_o wind_n by_o its_o motion_n rake_n the_o vessel_n so_o the_o vessel_n by_o the_o same_o motion_n and_o action_n congeles_fw-la the_o water_n within_o it_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o cold_a be_v always_o more_o remiss_a in_o place_n where_o it_o rain_v or_o where_o the_o weather_n be_v cloudy_a thing_n be_v alike_o in_o all_o other_o respect_n then_o where_o the_o air_n be_v clear_a and_o this_o agree_v very_o well_o with_o what_o i_o have_v say_v before_o for_o in_o clear_a weather_n the_o course_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o as_o i_o say_v even_o now_o rake_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v free_a from_o all_o interruption_n so_o also_o it_o be_v very_o strong_a but_o when_o small_a drop_n of_o water_n be_v either_o rise_n or_o fall_v that_o wind_n be_v repel_v break_v and_o dissipate_v by_o they_o and_o the_o less_o the_o wind_n be_v the_o less_o be_v the_o cold._n we_o find_v also_o by_o experience_n that_o in_o deep_a well_n the_o water_n freeze_v not_o so_o much_o as_o it_o do_v upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o wind_n by_o which_o ice_n be_v make_v enter_v into_o the_o earth_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o laxity_n of_o its_o part_n more_o or_o less_o lose_v some_o of_o its_o force_n though_o not_o much_o so_o that_o if_o the_o well_o be_v not_o deep_a it_o will_v freeze_v whereas_o if_o it_o be_v so_o deep_a as_o that_o the_o wind_n which_o cause_v cold_a can_v reach_v it_o it_o will_v not_o freeze_v we_o find_v moreover_o by_o experience_n that_o ice_n be_v light_a than_o water_n the_o cause_n whereof_o be_v manifest_a from_o that_o which_o i_o have_v already_o show_v namely_o that_o air_n be_v receive_v in_o and_o mingle_v with_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o water_n while_o it_o be_v in_o congeling_n 8_o we_o have_v see_v one_o way_n of_o make_v thing_n hard_a namely_o by_o congelation_n another_o way_n be_v thus_o have_v already_o suppose_v that_o innumerable_a atom_n some_o hard_a than_o other_o and_o that_o have_v several_a simple_a motion_n of_o their_o own_o be_v intermingle_v with_o the_o aethereal_a substance_n
not_o a_o sufficient_a cause_n of_o their_o future_a motion_n there_o be_v no_o other_o cause_n of_o motion_n but_o motion_n the_o cause_n therefore_o of_o such_o restitution_n be_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o steel_n itself_o wherefore_o while_o it_o remain_v bend_v there_o be_v in_o the_o part_n of_o which_o it_o consist_v some_o motion_n though_o invisible_a that_o be_v to_o say_v some_o endeavour_n at_o least_o that_o way_n by_o which_o the_o restitution_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o therefore_o this_o endeavour_n of_o all_o the_o part_n together_o be_v the_o first_o beginning_n of_o restitution_n so_o that_o the_o impediment_n be_v remove_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o force_n by_o which_o it_o be_v hold_v bend_v it_o will_v be_v restore_v again_o now_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n by_o which_o this_o be_v do_v be_v that_o which_o i_o call_v simple_a motion_n or_o motion_n return_v into_o itself_o when_o therefore_o in_o the_o bend_n of_o a_o plate_n the_o end_n be_v draw_v together_o there_o be_v on_o one_o side_n a_o mutual_a compression_n of_o the_o part_n which_o compression_n be_v one_o endeavour_v opposite_a to_o another_o endeavour_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o divulsion_n of_o the_o part_n the_o endeavour_n therefore_o of_o the_o part_n on_o one_o side_n tend_v to_o the_o restitution_n of_o the_o plate_n from_o the_o middle_n towards_o the_o end_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n from_o the_o end_n towards_o the_o middle_n wherefore_o the_o impediment_n be_v take_v away_o this_o endeavour_n which_o be_v the_o begin_n of_o restitution_n will_v restore_v the_o plate_n to_o its_o former_a posture_n and_o thus_o i_o have_v give_v a_o possible_a cause_n why_o some_o body_n when_o they_o be_v bend_v restore_v themselves_o again_o which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v as_o for_o stone_n see_v they_o be_v make_v by_o the_o accretion_n of_o many_o very_a hard_a particle_n within_o the_o earth_n which_o particle_n have_v no_o great_a coherence_n that_o be_v to_o say_v touch_v one_o another_o in_o small_a latitude_n and_o consequent_o admit_v many_o particle_n of_o air_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o in_o bend_v of_o they_o their_o internal_a part_n will_v not_o easy_o be_v compress_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o hardness_n and_o because_o their_o coherence_n be_v not_o firm_a as_o soon_o as_o the_o external_a hard_a particle_n be_v disjoin_v the_o aethereal_a part_n will_v necessary_o break_v out_o and_o so_o the_o body_n will_v sudden_o be_v break_v 13_o those_o body_n be_v call_v diaphanous_a upon_o which_o while_o the_o beam_n of_o a_o lucid_a body_n do_v work_n the_o action_n of_o every_o one_o of_o those_o beam_n be_v propagate_v in_o they_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o they_o still_o retain_v the_o same_o order_n among_o themselves_o or_o the_o inversion_n of_o that_o order_n and_o therefore_o body_n which_o be_v perfect_o diaphanous_a be_v also_o perfect_o homogeneous_a on_o the_o contrary_a a_o opacous_a body_n be_v that_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o heterogeneous_a nature_n do_v by_o innumerable_a reflection_n and_o refraction_n in_o particle_n of_o different_a figure_n and_o unequal_a hardness_n weaken_v the_o beam_n that_o fall_v upon_o it_o before_o they_o reach_v the_o eye_n and_o of_o diaphanous_a body_n some_o be_v make_v such_o by_o nature_n from_o the_o beginning_n as_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o air_n and_o of_o the_o water_n and_o perhaps_o also_o some_o part_n of_o stone_n unless_o these_o also_o be_v water_n that_o have_v be_v long_o congeal_v other_o be_v make_v so_o by_o the_o power_n of_o heat_n which_o congregate_n homogeneon_n body_n but_o such_o as_o be_v make_v diaphanous_a in_o this_o manner_n consist_v of_o part_n which_o be_v former_o diaphanous_a 14_o in_o what_o manner_n cloud_n be_v make_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n elevate_a the_o particle_n of_o water_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o moist_a place_n have_v be_v explain_v in_o the_o 26_o chapter_n also_o how_o cloud_n come_v to_o be_v freeze_v have_v be_v show_v above_o at_o the_o seven_o article_n now_o from_o this_o that_o air_n may_v be_v enclose_v as_o it_o be_v in_o cavern_n and_o pen_v together_o more_o and_o more_o by_o the_o meeting_n of_o ascend_v and_o descend_v cloud_n may_v be_v deduce_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n for_o see_v the_o air_n consist_v of_o two_o part_n the_o one_o aethereal_a which_o have_v no_o proper_a motion_n of_o its_o own_o as_o be_v a_o thing_n divisible_a into_o the_o least_o part_n the_o other_o hard_o namely_o consist_v of_o many_o hard_a atom_n which_o have_v every_o one_o of_o they_o a_o very_a swift_a simple_a motion_n of_o its_o own_o while_o the_o cloud_n by_o their_o meeting_n do_v more_o and_o more_o straighten_v such_o cavity_n as_o they_o intercept_v the_o aethereal_a part_n will_v penetrate_v and_o pass_v through_o their_o watery_a substance_n but_o the_o hard_a part_n will_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v the_o more_o thrust_v together_o and_o press_v one_o another_o and_o consequent_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o vehement_a motion_n they_o will_v have_v a_o endeavour_n to_o rebound_v from_o each_o other_o whensoever_o therefore_o the_o compression_n be_v great_a enough_o and_o the_o concave_a part_n of_o the_o cloud_n be_v for_o the_o cause_n i_o have_v already_o give_v congeal_v into_o ice_n the_o cloud_n will_v necessary_o be_v break_v &_o this_o break_n of_o the_o cloud_n produce_v the_o first_o clap_n of_o thunder_n afterward_o the_o air_n which_o be_v pen_v in_o have_v now_o break_v through_o make_v a_o concussion_n of_o the_o air_n without_o and_o from_o hence_o proceed_v the_o roar_a and_o murmur_n which_o follow_v and_o both_o the_o first_o clap_n and_o the_o murmur_n that_o follow_v it_o make_v that_o noise_n which_o be_v call_v thunder_n also_o from_o the_o same_o air_n break_v through_o the_o cloud_n and_o with_o concussion_n fall_v upon_o the_o eye_n proceed_v that_o action_n upon_o our_o eye_n which_o cause_v in_o we_o a_o perception_n of_o that_o light_n which_o we_o call_v lightning_n wherefore_o i_o have_v give_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n 15_o but_o if_o the_o vapour_n which_o be_v raise_v into_o cloud_n do_v run_v together_o again_o into_o water_n or_o be_v congeal_v into_o ice_n from_o whence_o be_v it_o see_v both_o ice_n and_o water_n be_v heavy_a that_o they_o be_v sustain_v in_o the_o air_n or_o rather_o what_o may_v the_o cause_n be_v that_o be_v once_o elevate_v they_o fall_v down_o again_o for_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o the_o same_o force_n which_o can_v carry_v up_o that_o water_n can_v also_o sustain_v it_o there_o why_o therefore_o be_v once_o carry_v up_o do_v it_o fall_v again_o i_o say_v it_o proceed_v from_o the_o same_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n both_o that_o vapour_n be_v force_v to_o ascend_v and_o that_o water_n gather_v into_o cloud_n be_v force_v to_o descend_v for_o in_o the_o 21th_o chapter_n and_o 11_o article_n i_o have_v show_v how_o vapour_n be_v elevate_v and_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n and_o 5_o article_n i_o have_v also_o show_v how_o by_o the_o same_o motion_n homogeneous_a body_n be_v congregat_v &_o heterogeneous_a dissipate_v that_o be_v to_o say_v how_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v a_o like_a nature_n to_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v drive_v towards_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v to_o say_v what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n now_o if_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v hinder_v in_o the_o raise_n of_o vapour_n and_o be_v not_o at_o all_o hinder_v in_o the_o cast_n of_o they_o down_o the_o water_n will_v descend_v but_o a_o cloud_n can_v hinder_v the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o make_v thing_n of_o a_o earthly_a nature_n descend_v to_o the_o earth_n though_o it_o may_v hinder_v it_o in_o make_v vapour_n ascend_v for_o the_o low_a part_n of_o a_o thick_a cloud_n be_v so_o cover_v by_o its_o upper_a part_n as_o that_o it_o can_v receive_v that_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o which_o vapour_n be_v carry_v up_o because_o vapour_n be_v raise_v by_o the_o perpetual_a fermentation_n of_o the_o air_n or_o by_o the_o separate_n of_o its_o small_a part_n from_o one_o another_o which_o be_v much_o weak_a when_o he_o thick_a cloud_n be_v interpose_v then_o when_o the_o sky_n be_v clear_a and_o therefore_o whensoever_o a_o cloud_n be_v make_v thick_a enough_o the_o water_n which_o will_v not_o descend_v before_o will_v then_o descend_v unless_o it_o be_v keep_v up_o by_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o wind_n wherefore_o i_o have_v render_v a_o possible_a cause_n both_o why_o the_o cloud_n may_v be_v sustain_v in_o the_o air_n and_o also_o why_o they_o may_v fall_v down_o again_o to_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v propound_v to_o
of_o the_o part_n of_o those_o plant_n make_v a_o odorous_a liquor_n so_o also_o of_o air_n pass_v through_o the_o same_o plant_n while_o they_o be_v grow_v be_v make_v odorous_a air_n and_o thus_o also_o it_o be_v with_o the_o juice_n and_o spirit_n which_o be_v breed_v in_o live_v creature_n 16_o that_o odorous_a body_n may_v be_v make_v more_o odorous_a by_o contrition_n proceed_v from_o this_o that_o be_v break_v into_o many_o part_n which_o be_v all_o odorous_a the_o air_n which_o by_o respiration_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o object_n towards_o the_o organ_n do_v in_o its_o passage_n touch_v upon_o all_o those_o part_n and_o receive_v their_o motion_n now_o the_o air_n touch_v the_o superficies_n only_o and_o a_o body_n have_v less_o superficies_n while_o it_o be_v whole_a than_o all_o its_o part_n together_o have_v after_o it_o be_v reduce_v to_o powder_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o same_o odorous_a body_n yield_v less_o smell_n while_o it_o be_v whole_a than_o it_o will_v do_v after_o it_o be_v break_v into_o small_a part_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o smell_v 17_o the_o taste_n follow_v who_o generation_n have_v this_o difference_n from_o that_o of_o the_o sight_n hear_v and_o smell_a that_o by_o these_o we_o have_v sense_n of_o remote_a object_n whereas_o we_o taste_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v contiguous_a and_o do_v immediate_o touch_v either_o the_o tongue_n or_o palate_n or_o both_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o cuticle_n of_o the_o tongue_n and_o palate_n and_o the_o nerve_n insert_v into_o they_o be_v the_o first_o organ_n of_o taste_n and_o because_o from_o the_o concussion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o these_o there_o follow_v necessary_o a_o concussion_n of_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la that_o the_o action_n communicate_v to_o these_o be_v propagate_v to_o the_o brain_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o far_a organ_n namely_o the_o heart_n in_o who_o reaction_n consist_v the_o nature_n of_o sense_n now_o that_o savour_v as_o well_o as_o odour_n do_v not_o only_o move_v the_o brain_n but_o the_o stomach_n also_o as_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o loathe_n that_o be_v cause_v by_o they_o both_o they_o that_o consider_v the_o organ_n of_o both_o these_o sense_n will_v not_o wonder_v at_o all_o see_v the_o tongue_n the_o palate_n &_o the_o nostril_n have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o continue_a cuticle_n derive_v from_o the_o dura_n mater_n and_o that_o effluvium_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v in_o the_o sense_n of_o taste_v be_v manifest_a from_o this_o that_o there_o be_v no_o taste_n where_o the_o organ_n and_o the_o object_n be_v not_o contiguous_a by_o what_o variety_n of_o motion_n the_o different_a kind_n of_o taste_n which_o be_v innumerable_a may_v be_v distinguish_v i_o know_v not_o i_o may_v with_o other_o derive_v they_o from_o the_o divers_a figure_n of_o those_o atom_n of_o which_o whatsoever_o may_v be_v taste_v consist_v or_o from_o the_o diverse_a motion_n which_o i_o may_v by_o way_n of_o supposition_n attribute_v to_o those_o atom_n conjecture_v not_o without_o some_o likelihood_n of_o truth_n that_o such_o thing_n as_o taste_v sweet_a have_v their_o particle_n move_v with_o slow_a circular_a motion_n and_o their_o figure_n spherical_a which_o make_v they_o smooth_a and_o please_a to_o the_o organ_n that_o bitter_a thing_n have_v circular_a motion_n but_o vehement_a and_o their_o figure_n full_a of_o angle_n by_o which_o they_o trouble_v the_o organ_n and_o that_o sour_a thing_n have_v straight_o and_o reciprocal_a motion_n and_o their_o figure_n long_o and_o small_a so_o that_o they_o cut_v and_o wound_v the_o organ_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n i_o may_v assign_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o other_o taste_v such_o several_a motion_n and_o figure_n of_o atom_n as_o might_n in_o probability_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n but_o this_o will_v be_v to_o revolt_v from_o philosophy_n to_o divination_n 18_o by_o the_o touch_n we_o feel_v what_o body_n be_v cold_a or_o hot_a though_o they_o be_v distant_a from_o we_o other_o as_o hard_a soft_a rough_a and_o smooth_a we_o can_v feel_v unless_o they_o be_v contiguous_a the_o organ_n of_o touch_n be_v every_o one_o of_o those_o membrane_n which_o be_v continue_v from_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la be_v so_o diffuse_v throughout_o the_o whole_a body_n as_o that_o no_o part_n of_o it_o can_v be_v press_v but_o the_o pia_n mater_n be_v press_v together_o with_o it_o whatsoever_o therefore_o press_v it_o be_v feel_v as_o hard_a or_o soft_a that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o more_o or_o less_o hard._n and_o as_o for_o the_o sense_n of_o rough_a it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o innumerable_a perception_n of_o hard_a and_o hard_o succeed_v one_o another_o by_o short_a interval_n both_o of_o time_n and_o place_n for_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o rough_a and_o smooth_a as_o also_o of_o magnitude_n and_o figure_n not_o only_o by_o the_o touch_n but_o also_o by_o memory_n for_o though_o some_o thing_n be_v touch_v in_o one_o point_n yet_o rough_a and_o smooth_a like_a quantity_n and_o figure_n be_v not_o perceive_v but_o by_o the_o flux_n of_o a_o point_n that_o be_v to_o say_v we_o have_v no_o sense_n of_o they_o without_o time_n and_o we_o can_v have_v no_o sense_n of_o time_n without_o memory_n chap._n xxx_o of_o gravity_n 1_o a_o thick_a body_n do_v not_o contain_v more_o matter_n unless_o also_o more_o place_n than_o a_o thin_a 2_o that_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n proceed_v not_o from_o their_o own_o appetite_n but_o from_o some_o power_n of_o the_o earth_n 3_o the_o difference_n of_o gravity_n proceed_v from_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o impetus_fw-la with_o which_o the_o element_n whereof_o heavy_a body_n be_v make_v do_v fall_v upon_o the_o earth_n 4_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n 5_o in_o what_o proportion_n the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n be_v accelerate_a 6_o why_o those_o that_o dive_v do_v not_o when_o they_o be_v under_o water_n feel_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n above_o they_o 7_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o body_n that_o float_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o much_o water_n as_o will_v fill_v the_o space_n which_o the_o immersed_a part_n of_o the_o body_n take_v up_o within_o the_o water_n 8_o if_o a_o body_n be_v light_a than_o water_n then_o how_o big_a soever_o that_o body_n be_v it_o will_v float_v upon_o any_o quantity_n of_o water_n how_o little_a soever_o 9_o how_o water_n may_v be_v lift_v up_o and_o force_v out_o of_o a_o vessel_n by_o air._n 10_o why_o a_o bladder_n be_v heavy_a when_o blow_v full_a of_o air_n then_o when_o it_o be_v empty_a 11_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ejection_n upward_o of_o heavy_a body_n from_o a_o windgun_n 12_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ascent_n of_o water_n in_o a_o weatherglass_n 13_o the_o cause_n of_o motion_n upward_o in_o live_v creature_n 14_o that_o there_o be_v in_o nature_n a_o kind_n of_o body_n heavy_a than_o air_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o by_o sense_n distinguishable_a from_o it_o 15_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o magnetical_a virtue_n 1_o in_o the_o 21_o chapter_n i_o have_v define_v thick_a and_o thin_a as_o that_o place_n require_v so_o as_o that_o by_o thick_a be_v signify_v a_o more_o resist_a body_n and_o by_o thin_a a_o body_n less_o resist_v follow_v the_o custom_n of_o those_o that_o have_v before_o i_o discourse_v of_o refraction_n now_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o true_a and_o vulgar_a signification_n of_o those_o word_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o to_o be_v name_n collective_a that_o be_v to_o say_v name_n of_o multitude_n as_o thick_a to_o be_v that_o which_o take_v up_o more_o part_n of_o a_o space_n give_v &_o thin_a that_o which_o contain_v few_o part_n of_o the_o same_o magnitude_n in_o the_o same_o space_n or_o in_o a_o space_n equal_a to_o it_o thick_o therefore_o be_v the_o same_o with_o frequent_a as_o a_o thick_a troop_n and_o thin_a the_o same_o with_o unfrequent_a as_o a_o thin_a rank_n thin_a of_o house_n not_o that_o there_o be_v more_o matter_n in_o one_o place_n then_o in_o another_o equal_a place_n but_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o some_o name_v body_n for_o there_o be_v not_o less_o matter_n or_o body_n indefinite_o take_v in_o a_o desert_n then_o there_o be_v in_o a_o city_n but_o few_o house_n or_o few_o men._n nor_o be_v there_o in_o a_o thick_a rank_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o body_n but_o a_o great_a number_n of_o soldier_n then_o in_o a_o thin_a wherefore_o the_o multitude_n &_o paucity_n of_o the_o part_n contain_v within_o the_o same_o space_n do_v constitute_v density_n and_o rarity_n whether_o those_o part_n be_v separate_v by_o vacuum_n or_o by_o air_n but_o the_o consideration_n of_o this_o be_v not_o of_o any_o great_a moment_n in_o philosophy_n and_o therefore_o i_o let_v
time_n of_o their_o descent_n can_v be_v easy_o measure_v with_o sufficient_a exactness_n and_o also_o because_o the_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n be_v inaccessible_a nevertheless_o this_o we_o know_v that_o by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o we_o come_v to_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o the_o great_a be_v the_o flake_n of_o the_o snow_n that_o fall_v and_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o swift_o such_o body_n descend_v as_o be_v fluid_a and_o dissipable_a by_o so_o much_o the_o small_a be_v the_o particle_n into_o which_o they_o be_v dissipate_v 5_o suppose_v therefore_o this_o to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o their_o motion_n will_v be_v accelerate_a in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o the_o space_n which_o be_v transmit_v by_o they_o in_o the_o several_a time_n will_v have_v to_o one_o another_o the_o same_o proportion_n which_o the_o odd_a number_n have_v in_o succession_n from_o unity_n for_o if_o the_o straight_a line_n ea_fw-la be_v divide_v into_o any_o number_n of_o equal_a part_n the_o heavy_a body_n descend_v will_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o perpetual_a action_n of_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n receive_v from_o the_o air_n in_o every_o one_o of_o those_o time_n in_o every_o several_a point_n of_o the_o straight_a line_n ea_fw-la a_o several_a new_a and_o equal_a impulsion_n and_o therefore_o also_o in_o every_o one_o of_o those_o time_n it_o will_v acquire_v a_o several_a and_o equal_a degree_n of_o celerity_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o follow_v by_o that_o which_o galilaeus_fw-la have_v in_o his_o dialogue_n of_o motion_n demonstrate_v that_o heavy_a body_n descend_v in_o the_o several_a time_n with_o such_o difference_n of_o transmit_v space_n as_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o square_a number_n that_o succeed_v one_o another_o from_o unity_n which_o square_a number_n be_v 1_o 4_o 9_o 16_o etc._n etc._n their_o difference_n be_v 3_o 5_o 7_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o odd_a number_n which_o succeed_v another_o from_o unity_n against_o this_o cause_n of_o gravity_n which_o i_o have_v give_v it_o will_v perhaps_o be_v object_v that_o if_o a_o heavy_a body_n be_v place_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o hollow_a cylinder_n of_o iron_n or_o adamant_n and_o the_o bottom_n be_v turn_v upward_o the_o body_n will_v descend_v though_o the_o air_n above_o can_v depress_v it_o much_o less_o accelerate_v its_o motion_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o cylinder_n or_o cavern_n but_o such_o as_o be_v support_v by_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v so_o support_v be_v together_o with_o the_o earth_n carry_v about_o by_o its_o diurnal_a motion_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n will_v be_v as_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o thrust_v off_o the_o next_o and_o low_a air_n will_v make_v the_o uppermost_a air_n depress_v the_o heavy_a body_n which_o be_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o be_v above_o explicate_v 6_o the_o gravity_n of_o water_n be_v so_o great_a as_o by_o experience_n we_o find_v it_o be_v the_o reason_n be_v demand_v by_o many_o why_o those_o that_o dive_v how_o deep_a soever_o they_o go_v under_o water_n do_v not_o at_o all_o feel_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n which_o lie_v upon_o they_o and_o the_o cause_n seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o all_o body_n by_o how_o much_o the_o heavy_a they_o be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o great_a be_v the_o endeavour_n by_o which_o they_o tend_v downward_o but_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n be_v heavy_a than_o so_o much_o water_n as_o be_v equal_a to_o it_o in_o magnitude_n and_o therefore_o the_o endeavour_n downward_o of_o a_o man_n body_n be_v great_a than_o that_o of_o water_n and_o see_v all_o endeavour_n be_v motion_n the_o body_n also_o of_o a_o man_n will_v be_v carry_v towards_o the_o bottom_n with_o great_a velocity_n than_o so_o much_o water_n wherefore_o there_o be_v great_a reaction_n from_o the_o bottom_n and_o the_o endeavour_v upward_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o endeavour_n downward_o whether_o the_o water_n be_v press_v by_o water_n or_o by_o another_o body_n which_o be_v heavy_a than_o water_n and_o therefore_o by_o these_o two_o opposite_a equal_a endeavour_n the_o endeavour_n both_o way_n in_o the_o water_n be_v take_v away_o and_o consequent_o those_o that_o dive_v be_v not_o at_o all_o press_v by_o it_o coral_n from_o hence_o also_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o water_n in_o water_n have_v no_o weight_n at_o all_o because_o all_o the_o part_n of_o water_n both_o the_o part_n above_o and_o the_o part_n that_o be_v direct_o under_o tend_v towards_o the_o bottom_n with_o equal_a endeavour_n and_o in_o the_o same_o straight_a line_n 7_o if_o a_o body_n float_v upon_o the_o water_n the_o weight_n of_o that_o body_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o much_o water_n as_o will_v fill_v the_o place_n which_o the_o immersed_a part_n of_o the_o body_n take_v up_o within_o the_o water_n let_v of_o in_o the_o 3d_o figure_n be_v a_o body_n float_v in_o the_o water_n abcd_v and_o let_v the_o part_n e_o be_v above_o and_o the_o other_o part_n f_o under_o the_o water_n i_o say_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o much_o water_n as_o the_o space_n f_o will_v receive_v for_o see_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o body_n of_o force_v the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o space_n f_o and_o place_v it_o upon_o the_o superficies_n ab_fw-la where_o it_o press_v downward_o it_o follow_v that_o from_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o bottom_n there_o will_v also_o be_v a_o endeavour_n upward_o and_o see_v again_o that_o by_o this_o endeavour_n of_o the_o water_n upward_o the_o body_n of_o be_v lift_v up_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o body_n downward_o be_v not_o equal_a to_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o water_n upward_o either_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o will_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o inequality_n of_o their_o endeavour_n or_o moment_n be_v raise_v out_o of_o the_o water_n or_o else_o it_o will_v descend_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o stand_v so_o as_o neither_o to_o ascend_v nor_o descend_v wherefore_o there_o be_v a_o aequilibrium_fw-la between_o the_o two_o endeavour_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o body_n of_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o much_o water_n as_o the_o space_n f_o will_v receive_v which_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v 8_o from_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o any_o body_n of_o how_o great_a magnitude_n soever_o provide_v it_o consist_v of_o matter_n less_o heavy_a than_o water_n may_v nevertheless_o float_v upon_o any_o quantity_n of_o water_n how_o little_a soever_o let_v abcd_n in_o the_o four_o figure_n be_v a_o vessel_n and_o in_o it_o let_v efgh_o be_v a_o body_n consist_v of_o matter_n which_o be_v less_o heavy_a than_o water_n and_o let_v the_o space_n agcf_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n i_o say_v the_o body_n efgh_o will_v not_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n dc_o for_o see_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o body_n efgh_n be_v less_o heavy_a than_o water_n if_o the_o whole_a space_n without_o abcd_n be_v full_a of_o water_n yet_o some_o part_n of_o the_o body_n efgh_o as_o efik_n will_v be_v above_o the_o water_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o much_o water_n as_o will_v fill_v the_o space_n ighk_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n efgh_o and_o consequent_o gh_a will_v not_o touch_v the_o bottom_n dc_o as_o for_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n it_o be_v no_o matter_n whether_o they_o be_v hard_a or_o fluid_a for_o they_o serve_v only_o to_o terminate_v the_o water_n which_o may_v be_v do_v as_o well_o by_o water_n as_o by_o any_o other_o matter_n how_o hard_o soever_o and_o the_o water_n without_o the_o vessel_n be_v terminate_v somewhere_o so_o as_o that_o it_o can_v spread_v no_o further_o the_o part_n therefore_o efig_n will_v be_v extant_a above_o the_o water_n agcf_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n wherefore_o the_o body_n efgh_o will_v also_o float_v upon_o the_o water_n agcf_n how_o little_a soever_o that_o water_n be_v which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v 9_o in_o the_o four_o article_n of_o the_o 26_o chapter_n there_o be_v bring_v for_o the_o prove_v of_o vacuum_n the_o experiment_n of_o water_n enclose_v in_o a_o vessel_n which_o water_n the_o orifice_n above_o be_v open_v be_v eject_v upward_o by_o the_o impulsion_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v therefore_o demand_v see_v water_n be_v heavy_a than_o air_n how_o that_o can_v be_v do_v let_v the_o second_o figure_n of_o the_o same_o 26_o chap._n be_v consider_v where_o the_o water_n be_v with_o great_a force_n inject_v by_o
to_o be_v settle_v any_o where_o as_o at_o h._n if_o now_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n be_v augment_v the_o water_n will_v descend_v below_o h_n and_o if_o the_o heat_n be_v diminish_v it_o will_v ascend_v above_o it_o which_o though_o it_o be_v certain_o know_v to_o be_v true_a by_o experience_n the_o cause_n nevertheless_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o be_v discover_v in_o the_o 6_o and_o 7_o article_n of_o the_o 27_o chapter_n where_o i_o consider_v the_o cause_n of_o cold_a i_o have_v show_v that_o fluid_a body_n be_v make_v cold_a by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o a_o constant_a wind_n that_o press_v they_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v press_v at_o f_o and_o have_v no_o place_n to_o which_o it_o may_v retire_v from_o this_o pressure_n beside_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n between_o h_n and_o e_o it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_o force_v thither_o by_o the_o cold_a and_o consequent_o it_o ascend_v more_o or_o less_o according_a as_o the_o cold_a be_v more_o or_o less_o increase_v and_o again_o as_o the_o heat_n be_v more_o intense_a or_o the_o cold_a more_o remiss_a the_o same_o water_n will_v be_v depress_v more_o or_o less_o by_o its_o own_o gravity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o the_o cause_n of_o gravity_n above_o explicate_v 13_o also_o live_v creature_n though_o they_o be_v heavy_a can_v by_o leap_v swim_v &_o fly_v raise_v themselves_o to_o a_o certain_a degree_n of_o height_n but_o they_o can_v do_v this_o except_o they_o be_v support_v by_o some_o resist_a body_n as_o the_o earth_n the_o water_n and_o the_o air_n for_o these_o motion_n have_v their_o beginning_n from_o the_o contraction_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o body_n animate_v for_o to_o this_o contraction_n there_o succee_v a_o distension_n of_o their_o whole_a body_n by_o which_o distension_n the_o earth_n the_o water_n or_o the_o air_n which_o support_v they_o be_v press_v and_o from_o hence_o by_o the_o reaction_n of_o those_o press_a body_n live_v creature_n acquire_v a_o endeavour_n upward_o but_o such_o as_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o gravity_n of_o their_o body_n be_v present_o lose_v again_o by_o this_o endeavour_n therefore_o it_o be_v that_o live_v creature_n raise_v themselves_o up_o a_o little_a way_n by_o leap_v but_o to_o no_o great_a purpose_n but_o by_o swim_v &_o fly_v they_o raise_v themselves_o to_o a_o great_a height_n because_o before_o the_o effect_n of_o their_o endeavour_n be_v quite_o extinguish_v by_o the_o gravity_n of_o their_o body_n they_o can_v renew_v the_o same_o endeavour_n again_o that_o by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o soul_n without_o any_o antecedent_n contraction_n of_o the_o muscle_n or_o the_o help_n of_o something_o to_o support_v he_o any_o man_n can_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v his_o body_n upward_o be_v a_o childish_a conceit_n for_o if_o it_o be_v true_a a_o man_n may_v raise_v himself_o to_o what_o height_n he_o please_v 14_o the_o diaphanous_a medium_fw-la which_o surround_v the_o eye_n on_o all_o fides_fw-la be_v invisible_a nor_o be_v air_n to_o be_v see_v in_o air_n nor_o water_n in_o water_n nor_o any_o thing_n but_o that_o which_o be_v more_o opacous_a but_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o two_o diaphanous_a body_n one_o of_o they_o may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o other_o it_o be_v not_o therefore_o a_o thing_n so_o very_o ridiculous_a for_o ordinary_a people_n to_o think_v all_o that_o space_n empty_a in_o which_o we_o say_v be_v air_n it_o be_v the_o work_n of_o reason_n to_o make_v we_o conceive_v that_o the_o air_n be_v any_o thing_n for_o by_o which_o of_o our_o sense_n be_v it_o that_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o air_n see_v we_o neither_o see_v nor_o hear_v nor_o taste_n nor_o smell_v nor_o feel_v it_o to_o be_v any_o thing_n when_o we_o feel_v heat_n we_o do_v not_o impute_v it_o to_o the_o air_n but_o to_o the_o fire_n nor_o do_v we_o say_v the_o air_n be_v cold_a but_o we_o ourselves_o be_v cold_a and_o when_o we_o feel_v the_o wind_n we_o rather_o think_v something_o be_v come_v then_o that_o any_o thing_n be_v already_o come_v also_o we_o do_v not_o at_o all_o feel_v the_o weight_n of_o water_n in_o water_n much_o less_o of_o air_n in_o air_n that_o we_o come_v to_o know_v that_o to_o be_v a_o body_n which_o we_o call_v air_n it_o be_v by_o reason_v but_o it_o be_v from_o one_o reason_n only_o namely_o because_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o remote_a body_n to_o work_v upon_o our_o organ_n of_o sense_n but_o by_o the_o help_n of_o body_n intermediate_v without_o which_o we_o can_v have_v no_o sense_n of_o they_o till_o they_o come_v to_o be_v contiguous_a wherefore_o from_o the_o sense_n alone_o without_o reason_v from_o effect_n we_o can_v have_v sufficient_a evidence_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o body_n for_o there_o be_v underground_o in_o some_o mine_n of_o coal_n a_o certain_a matter_n of_o a_o middle_a nature_n between_o water_n and_o aire_n which_o nevertheless_o can_v by_o sense_n be_v distinguish_v from_o air_n for_o it_o be_v as_o diaphanous_a as_o the_o pure_a air_n and_o as_o far_o as_o sense_n can_v judge_v equal_o penetrable_a but_o if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o effect_n it_o be_v like_a that_o of_o water_n for_o when_o that_o matter_n break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n into_o one_o of_o those_o pit_n it_o fill_v the_o same_o either_o total_o or_o to_o some_o degree_n and_o if_o a_o man_n or_o fire_n be_v then_o let_v down_o into_o it_o it_o extinguish_v they_o in_o almost_o as_o little_a time_n as_o water_n will_v do_v but_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n i_o shall_v describe_v the_o 6_o figure_n in_o which_o let_v a_o b_o represent_v the_o pit_n of_o the_o mine_n and_o let_v part_n thereof_o namely_o c_o b_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v fill_v with_o that_o matter_n if_o now_o a_o light_a candle_n be_v let_v down_o into_o it_o below_o c_o it_o will_v as_o sudden_o be_v extinguish_v as_o if_o it_o be_v thrust_v into_o water_n also_o if_o a_o grate_n fill_v with_o coal_n thorough_o kindle_v and_o burn_v never_o so_o bright_o be_v let_v down_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o be_v below_o c_o the_o fire_n will_v begin_v to_o grow_v pale_a and_o short_o after_o lose_v its_o light_n be_v extinguish_v no_o otherwise_o then_o if_o it_o be_v quench_v in_o water_n but_o if_o the_o grate_n be_v draw_v up_o again_o present_o while_o the_o coal_n be_v still_o very_o hot_a the_o fire_n will_v by_o little_a and_o little_o be_v kindle_v again_o and_o shine_v as_o before_o there_o be_v indeed_o between_o this_o matter_n &_o water_v this_o considerable_a difference_n that_o it_o neither_o wet_v nor_o stick_v to_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v put_v down_o into_o it_o as_o water_n do_v which_o by_o the_o moisture_n it_o leave_v hinder_v the_o kindle_v again_o of_o the_o matter_n once_o extinguish_v in_o like_a manner_n if_o a_o man_n be_v let_v down_o below_o c_o he_o will_v present_o fall_v into_o a_o great_a difficulty_n of_o breathe_v and_o immediate_o after_o into_o a_o swoon_n and_o die_v unless_o he_o be_v sudden_o draw_v up_o again_o they_o therefore_o that_o go_v down_o into_o these_o pit_n have_v this_o custom_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o they_o feel_v themselves_o sick_a they_o shake_v the_o rope_n by_o which_o they_o be_v let_v down_o to_o signify_v they_o be_v not_o well_o and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v speedy_o be_v pull_v up_o again_o for_o if_o a_o man_n be_v draw_v out_o too_o late_a void_a of_o sense_n and_o motion_n they_o dig_v up_o a_o turf_n and_o put_v his_o face_n and_o mouth_n into_o the_o fresh_a earth_n by_o which_o mean_v unless_o he_o be_v quite_o dead_a he_o come_v to_o himself_o again_o by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o recover_v life_n by_o the_o breathe_n out_o as_o it_o be_v of_o that_o suffocate_a matter_n which_o he_o have_v suck_v in_o while_o he_o be_v in_o the_o pit_n almost_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o that_o be_v drown_v come_v to_o themselves_o again_o by_o vomit_v up_o the_o water_n but_o this_o do_v not_o happen_v in_o all_o mine_n but_o in_o some_o only_o and_o in_o those_o not_o always_o but_o often_o in_o such_o pit_n as_o be_v subject_a to_o it_o they_o use_v this_o remedy_n they_o dig_v another_o pit_n as_o de_fw-fr close_o by_o it_o of_o equal_a depth_n and_o join_v they_o both_o together_o with_o one_o common_a channel_n of_o they_o make_v a_o fire_n in_o the_o bottom_n e_o which_o carry_v out_o at_o d_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o pit_n de_fw-fr and_o this_o draw_v with_o it_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o which_o
will_v remain_v no_o cause_n at_o all_o why_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v force_v out_o wherefore_o the_o assertion_n of_o vacuum_n be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o very_a experiment_n which_o be_v here_o bring_v to_o establish_v it_o many_o other_o phaenomena_n be_v usual_o bring_v for_o vacuum_n as_o those_o of_o weather-glass_n aeolipile_n wind-gun_n etc._n etc._n which_o will_v all_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o be_v salve_v unless_o water_n be_v penetrable_a by_o air_n without_o the_o intermixture_n of_o empty_a space_n but_o now_o see_v air_n may_v with_o no_o great_a endeavour_n pass_v through_o not_o only_a water_n but_o any_o other_o fluid_a body_n though_o never_o so_o stubborn_a as_o quicksilver_n these_o phaenomena_n prove_v nothing_o nevertheless_o it_o may_v in_o reason_n be_v expect_v that_o he_o that_o will_v take_v away_o vacuum_n shall_v without_o vacuum_n show_v we_o such_o cause_n of_o these_o phaenomena_n as_o shall_v be_v at_o least_o of_o equal_a if_o not_o great_a probability_n this_o therefore_o shall_v be_v do_v in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o these_o phaenomena_n in_o their_o proper_a place_n but_o first_o the_o most_o general_a hypothesis_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v to_o be_v premise_v and_o see_v that_o supposition_n be_v put_v for_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o apparent_a effect_n every_o supposition_n except_o such_o as_o be_v absurd_a must_v of_o necessity_n consist_v of_o some_o suppose_a possible_a motion_n for_o rest_n can_v never_o be_v the_o essicient_a cause_n of_o any_o thing_n &_o motion_n suppose_v body_n movable_a of_o which_o there_o be_v three_o kind_n fluid_a consistent_a and_o mix_v of_o both_o fluid_fw-la be_v those_o who_o part_n may_v by_o very_o weak_a endeavonr_n be_v separate_v from_o one_o another_o and_o consistent_a those_o for_o the_o separation_n of_o who_o part_n great_a force_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v there_o be_v therefore_o degree_n of_o consistency_n which_o degree_n by_o comparison_n with_o more_o or_o less_o consistent_a have_v the_o name_n of_o hardness_n or_o softness_n wherefore_o a_o fluid_a body_n be_v always_o divisible_a into_o body_n equal_o fluid_a as_o quantity_n into_o quantity_n and_o soft_a body_n of_o whatsoever_o degree_n of_o softness_n into_o soft_a body_n of_o the_o same_o degree_n and_o though_o many_o man_n seem_v to_o conceive_v no_o other_o difference_n of_o fluidity_n but_o such_o as_o arise_v from_o the_o different_a magnitude_n of_o the_o part_n in_o which_o sense_n dust_n though_o of_o diamond_n may_v be_v call_v fluid_a yet_o i_o understand_v by_o fluidity_n that_o which_o be_v make_v such_o by_o nature_n equal_o in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o fluid_a body_n not_o as_o dust_n be_v fluid_a for_o so_o a_o house_n which_o be_v fall_v in_o piece_n may_v be_v call_v fluid_fw-la but_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o water_n seem_v fluid_a and_o to_o divide_v itself_o into_o part_n perpetual_o fluid_a and_o this_o be_v well_o understand_v i_o come_v to_o my_o supposition_n 5_o first_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v that_o the_o immense_a space_n which_o we_o call_v the_o world_n be_v the_o aggregate_v of_o all_o body_n which_o be_v either_o consistent_a &_o visible_a as_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o star_n or_o invisible_a as_o the_o small_a atom_n which_o be_v disseminated_a through_o the_o whole_a space_n between_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o star_n and_o last_o that_o most_o fluid_a aether_n which_o so_o fill_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o universe_n as_o that_o it_o leave_v in_o it_o no_o empty_a place_n at_o all_o second_o i_o suppose_v with_o copernicus_n that_o the_o great_a body_n of_o the_o world_n which_o be_v both_o consistent_a and_o permanent_a have_v such_o order_n among_o themselves_o as_o that_o the_o sun_n have_v the_o first_o place_n mercury_n the_o second_o venus_n the_o three_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o moon_n go_v about_o it_o the_o four_o mars_n the_o five_o jupiter_n with_o his_o attendant_n the_o six_o saturn_n the_o seven_o and_o after_o these_o the_o fix_a star_n have_v their_o several_a distance_n from_o the_o sun_n three_o i_o suppose_v that_o in_o the_o sun_n &_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n there_o be_v and_o always_o have_v be_v a_o simple_a circular_a motion_n four_o i_o suppose_v that_o in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o air_n there_o be_v certain_a other_o body_n intermingle_v which_o be_v not_o fluid_a but_o withal_o that_o they_o be_v so_o small_a that_o they_o be_v not_o preceptible_a by_o sense_n and_o that_o these_o also_o have_v their_o proper_a simple_a motion_n and_o be_v some_o of_o they_o more_o some_o less_o hard_a or_o consistent_a five_o i_o suppose_v with_o kepler_n that_o as_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v to_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v to_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o circle_n and_o the_o time_n in_o which_o they_o be_v describe_v by_o the_o body_n which_o be_v in_o they_o i_o will_v suppose_v they_o to_o be_v such_o as_o shall_v seem_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o phaenomena_n in_o question_n 6_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o different_a season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o of_o the_o several_a variation_n of_o day_n and_o night_n in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v demonstrate_v first_o by_o copernicus_n and_o since_o by_o kepler_n galilaeus_fw-la and_o other_o from_o the_o supposition_n of_o the_o earth_n diurnal_a revolution_n about_o its_o own_o axis_n together_o with_o its_o annual_a motion_n about_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sign_n and_o three_o by_o the_o annual_a revolution_n of_o the_o same_o earth_n about_o its_o own_o centre_n contrary_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sign_n i_o suppose_v with_o copernicus_n that_o the_o diurnal_a revolution_n be_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o which_o the_o aequinoctial_a circle_n be_v describe_v about_o it_o and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o two_o annual_a motion_n they_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v about_o in_o the_o ecliptic_a in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o its_o axis_n be_v always_o keep_v parallel_n to_o itself_o which_o parallelisme_n be_v for_o this_o reason_n introduce_v lest_o by_o the_o earth_n annual_a revolution_n its_o pole_n shall_v seem_v to_o be_v necessary_o carry_v about_o the_o sun_n contrary_a to_o experience_n i_o have_v in_o the_o 10_o artic._n of_o the_o â—â—th_v chap._n demonstrate_v from_o the_o supposition_n of_o simple_a circular_a motion_n in_o the_o sun_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v so_o carry_v about_o the_o sun_n as_o that_o its_o axis_n be_v thereby_o keep_v always_o parallel_v to_o itself_o wherefore_o from_o these_o two_o suppose_a motion_n in_o the_o sun_n the_o one_o simple_a circular_a motion_n the_o other_o circular_a motion_n about_o it_o own_v centre_n it_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o year_n have_v both_o the_o same_o variation_n of_o day_n and_o night_n as_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v by_o copernicus_n for_o if_o the_o circle_n abcd_v in_o the_o 3d_o figure_n be_v the_o ecliptic_a who_o centre_n be_v e_o and_o diameter_n aec_fw-la and_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v in_o a_o &_o the_o sun_n be_v move_v in_o the_o little_a circle_n fghi_fw-la namely_o according_a to_o the_o order_n f_o g_o h_o &_o i_o it_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o a_o body_n place_v in_o a_o will_v be_v move_v in_o the_o same_o order_n through_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a a_o b_o c_o &_o d_o and_o will_v always_o keep_v its_o axis_n parallel_n to_o its_o self_n but_o if_o as_o i_o have_v suppose_v the_o earth_n also_o be_v move_v with_o simple_a circular_a motion_n in_o a_o plain_a that_o pass_v through_o a_o cut_v the_o plain_a of_o the_o ecliptic_a so_o as_o that_o the_o common_a section_n of_o both_o the_o plain_n be_v in_o ac_fw-la thus_o also_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v keep_v always_o parallel_v to_o itself_o for_o let_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v about_o in_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o epicycle_n who_o diameter_n be_v lak_a which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o straight_a line_n lac_fw-la therefore_o lak_a the_o diameter_n of_o the_o epicycle_n pass_v through_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o ecliptic_a wherefore_o see_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n simple_a motion_n both_o in_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o in_o its_o epicycle_n the_o straight_a line_n lak_a be_v keep_v always_o parallel_v to_o itself_o every_o other_o straight_o line_n also_o take_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o consequent_o its_o axis_n will_v in_o like_a manner_n be_v keep_v always_o parallel_v
it_o alone_o and_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o search_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o gravity_n 2_o now_o we_o call_v those_o body_n heavy_a which_o unless_o they_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o force_n be_v carry_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o by_o their_o own_o accord_n for_o aught_o we_o can_v by_o sense_n perceive_v to_o the_o contrary_n some_o philosopher_n therefore_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n proceed_v from_o some_o internal_a appetite_n by_o which_o when_o they_o be_v cast_v upward_o they_o descend_v again_o as_o move_v by_o themselves_o to_o such_o place_n as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o their_o nature_n other_o think_v they_o be_v attract_v by_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o former_a i_o can_v assent_v because_o i_o think_v i_o have_v already_o clear_o enough_o demonstrate_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o beginning_n of_o motion_n but_o from_o a_o external_a &_o move_a body_n and_o consequent_o that_o whatsoever_o have_v motion_n or_o endeavour_n towards_o any_o place_n will_v always_o move_v or_o endeavour_v towards_o that_o same_o place_n unless_o it_o be_v hinder_v by_o the_o reaction_n of_o some_o external_a body_n heavy_a body_n therefore_o be_v once_o cast_v upward_o can_v be_v cast_v down_o again_o but_o by_o external_a motion_n beside_o see_v inanimate_a body_n have_v no_o appetite_n at_o all_o it_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o think_v that_o by_o their_o own_o innate_a appetite_n they_o shall_v to_o preserve_v themselves_o not_o understand_v what_o preserve_v they_o forsake_v the_o place_n they_o be_v in_o and_o transfer_v themselves_o to_o another_o place_n whereas_o man_n who_o have_v both_o appetite_n and_o understanding_n can_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o own_o life_n raise_v himself_o by_o leap_v above_o three_o or_o four_o foot_n from_o the_o ground_n last_o to_o attribute_v to_o create_a body_n the_o power_n to_o move_v themselves_o what_o be_v it_o else_o then_o to_o say_v that_o there_o be_v creature_n which_o have_v no_o dependence_n upon_o the_o creator_n to_o the_o late_a who_o attribute_v the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n to_o the_o attraction_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o assent_n but_o by_o what_o motion_n this_o be_v do_v have_v not_o as_o yet_o be_v explain_v by_o any_o man_n i_o shall_v therefore_o in_o this_o place_n say_v somewhat_o of_o the_o manner_n and_o of_o the_o way_n by_o which_o the_o earth_n by_o its_o action_n attract_v heavy_a body_n 3_o that_o by_o the_o supposition_n of_o simple_a motion_n in_o the_o sun_n homogeneous_a body_n be_v congregat_v and_o heterogeneous_a dissipate_v have_v already_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o 5_o article_n of_o the_o 21_o chapter_n i_o have_v also_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v intermingle_v with_o the_o pure_a air_n certain_a little_a body_n or_o as_o other_o call_v they_o atom_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o extreme_a smallness_n be_v invisible_a and_o differ_v from_o one_o another_o in_o consistence_n figure_n motion_n &_o magnitude_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o some_o of_o they_o be_v congregat_v to_o the_o earth_n other_o to_o other_o planet_n and_o other_o be_v carry_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o space_n between_o and_o see_v those_o which_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o earth_n differ_v from_o one_o another_o in_o figure_n motion_n and_o magnitude_n they_o will_v fall_v upon_o the_o earth_n some_o with_o great_a other_o with_o less_o impetus_fw-la and_o see_v also_o that_o we_o compute_v the_o several_a degree_n of_o gravity_n no_o otherwise_o then_o by_o this_o their_o fall_n upon_o the_o earth_n with_o great_a or_o less_o impetus_fw-la it_o follow_v that_o we_o conclude_v those_o to_o be_v the_o more_o heavy_a that_o have_v the_o great_a impetus_fw-la and_o those_o to_o be_v less_o heavy_a that_o have_v the_o less_o impetus_fw-la our_o enquiry_n therefore_o must_v be_v by_o what_o mean_v it_o may_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o of_o body_n which_o descend_v from_o above_o to_o the_o earth_n some_o be_v carry_v with_o great_a other_o with_o less_o impetus_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v some_o be_v more_o heavy_a than_o other_o we_o must_v also_o inquire_v by_o what_o mean_v such_o body_n as_o settle_v upon_o the_o earth_n may_v by_o the_o earth_n itself_o be_v force_v to_o ascend_v 4_o let_v the_o circle_n make_v upon_o the_o centre_n c_o in_o the_o 2d_o figure_n be_v a_o great_a circle_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n pass_v through_o the_o point_n a_o and_o b._n also_o let_v any_o heavy_a body_n as_o the_o stone_n a_o d_o be_v place_v any_o where_o in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o let_v it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v cast_v up_o from_o a_o d_o perpendicular_o or_o to_o be_v carry_v in_o any_o other_o line_n to_o e_o and_o suppose_v to_o rest_v there_o therefore_o how_o much_o space_n soever_o the_o stone_n take_v up_o in_o a_o d_o so_o much_o space_n it_o take_v up_o now_o in_o e._n and_o because_o all_o place_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v full_a the_o space_n a_o d_o will_v be_v fill_v by_o the_o air_n which_o flow_v into_o it_o first_o from_o the_o near_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o afterward_o successive_o from_o more_o remote_a place_n upon_o the_o centre_n c_o let_v a_o circle_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v draw_v through_o e_z and_o let_v the_o plain_a space_n which_o be_v between_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o circle_n be_v divide_v into_o plain_a orb_n equal_a and_o concentrique_fw-la of_o which_o let_v that_o be_v the_o first_o which_o be_v contain_v by_o the_o two_o perimeter_n that_o pass_v through_o a_o &_o d._n whilst_o therefore_o the_o air_n which_o be_v in_o the_o first_o orb_n fill_v the_o place_n a_o d_o the_o orb_n itself_o be_v make_v so_o much_o less_o and_o consequent_o its_o latitude_n be_v less_o than_o the_o straight_a line_n a_o d._n wherefore_o there_o will_v necessary_o descend_v so_o much_o air_n from_o the_o orb_n next_o abvoe_n in_o like_a manner_n for_o the_o same_o cause_n there_o will_v also_o be_v a_o descent_n of_o air_n from_o the_o orb_n next_o above_o that_o and_o so_o by_o succession_n from_o the_o orb_n in_o which_o the_o stone_n be_v at_o rest_n in_o e._n either_o therefore_o the_o stone_n itself_o or_o so_o much_o air_n will_v descend_v and_o see_v air_n be_v by_o the_o diurnal_a revolution_n of_o the_o earth_n more_o easy_o thrust_v away_o than_o the_o stone_n the_o air_n which_o be_v in_o the_o orb_n that_o contain_v the_o stone_n will_v be_v force_v further_a upward_o than_o the_o stone_n but_o this_o without_o the_o admission_n of_o vacuum_n can_v be_v unless_o so_o much_o air_n descend_v to_o e_z from_o the_o place_n next_o above_o which_o be_v do_v the_o stone_n will_v be_v thrust_v downward_o by_o this_o mean_n therefore_o the_o stone_n now_o receive_v the_o beginning_n of_o its_o descent_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o its_o gravity_n furthermore_o whatsoever_o be_v once_o move_v will_v be_v move_v continual_o as_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o 19_o article_n of_o the_o 8_o chapter_n in_o the_o same_o way_n and_o with_o the_o same_o celerity_n except_o it_o be_v retard_v or_o accelerate_a by_o some_o external_a movent_fw-la now_o the_o air_n which_o be_v the_o only_a body_n that_o be_v interpose_v between_o the_o earth_n a_o and_o the_o stone_n above_o it_o e_z will_v have_v the_o same_o action_n in_o every_o point_n of_o the_o straight_a line_n e_o a_o which_o it_o have_v in_o e._n but_o it_o depress_v the_o stone_n in_o e_z and_o therefore_o also_o it_o will_v depress_v it_o equal_o in_o every_o point_n of_o the_o straight_a line_n e_o a._n wherefore_o the_o stone_n will_v descend_v from_o e_o to_o a_o with_o accelerate_a motion_n the_o possible_a cause_n therefore_o of_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n under_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o same_o demonstration_n will_v serve_v if_o the_o stone_n be_v place_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o any_o other_o circle_n parallel_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o because_o this_o motion_n have_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o great_a slowness_n less_o force_n to_o thrust_v off_o the_o air_n in_o the_o parallel_a circle_n then_o in_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o no_o force_n at_o all_o at_o the_o pole_n it_o may_v well_o be_v think_v for_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a consequent_a that_o heavy_a body_n descend_v with_o less_o and_o less_o velocity_n as_o they_o be_v more_o &_o more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la &_o that_o at_o the_o pole_n themselves_o they_o will_v either_o not_o descend_v at_o all_o or_o not_o descend_v by_o the_o axis_n which_o whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o false_a experience_n must_v determine_v but_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o make_v the_o experiment_n both_o because_o the_o
in_o like_a manner_n be_v follow_v by_o the_o noxious_a matter_n contain_v in_o cb_n &_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o pit_n be_v for_o that_o time_n make_v healthful_a out_o of_o this_o history_n which_o i_o write_v only_o to_o such_o as_o have_v have_v experience_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o without_o any_o design_n to_o support_v my_o philosophy_n with_o story_n of_o doubtful_a credit_n may_v be_v collect_v the_o follow_v possible_a cause_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n namely_o that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a matter_n fluid_fw-la &_o most_o transparent_a and_o not_o much_o light_a than_o water_n which_o break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n fill_v the_o pit_n to_o c_o and_o that_o in_o this_o matter_n as_o in_o water_n both_o fire_n and_o live_a creature_n be_v extinguish_v 15_o about_o the_o nature_n of_o heavy_a body_n the_o great_a difficulty_n arise_v from_o the_o contemplation_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o make_v other_o heavy_a body_n ascend_v to_o they_o such_o be_v jet_n amber_n and_o the_o loadstone_n but_o that_o which_o trouble_v man_n most_o be_v the_o loadstone_n which_o be_v also_o call_v lapis_fw-la herculeus_fw-la a_o stone_n though_o otherwise_o despicable_a yet_o of_o so_o great_a power_n that_o it_o take_v up_o iron_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o hold_v it_o suspend_v in_o the_o air_n as_o hercules_n do_v antaeus_n nevertheless_o we_o wonder_v at_o it_o somewhat_o the_o less_o because_o we_o see_v jet_n draw_v up_o straw_n which_o be_v heavy_a body_n though_o not_o so_o heavy_a as_o iron_n but_o as_o for_o jet_n it_o must_v first_o be_v excite_v by_o rub_v that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o motion_n to_o and_o fro_o whereas_o the_o loadstone_n have_v sufficient_a excitation_n from_o its_o own_o nature_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o some_o internal_a principle_n of_o motion_n peculiar_a to_o itself_o now_o whatsoever_o be_v move_v be_v move_v by_o some_o contiguous_a and_o move_v body_n as_o have_v be_v former_o demonstrate_v and_o from_o hence_o it_o follow_v evident_o that_o the_o first_o endeavour_n which_o iron_n have_v towards_o the_o loadstone_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o that_o air_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o iron_n also_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v generate_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o next_o air_n and_o so_o on_o successive_o till_o by_o this_o succession_n we_o find_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o all_o the_o intermediate_v air_n take_v its_o beginning_n from_o some_o motion_n which_o be_v in_o the_o loadstone_n itself_o which_o motion_n because_o the_o loadstone_n seem_v to_o be_v at_o rest_n be_v invisible_a it_o be_v therefore_o certain_a that_o the_o attractive_a power_n of_o the_o loadstone_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o some_o motion_n of_o the_o small_a particle_n thereof_o suppose_v therefore_o that_o those_o small_a body_n of_o which_o the_o loadstone_n be_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n compose_v have_v by_o nature_n such_o motion_n or_o endeavour_v as_o be_v above_o attribute_v to_o jet_v namely_o a_o reciprocal_a motion_n in_o a_o line_n too_o short_a to_o be_v see_v both_o those_o stone_n will_v have_v one_o &_o the_o same_o cause_n of_o attraction_n now_o in_o what_o manner_n and_o in_o what_o order_n of_o work_v this_o cause_n produce_v the_o effect_n of_o attraction_n be_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v inquire_v and_o first_o we_o know_v that_o when_o the_o string_n of_o a_o lute_n or_o viol._n be_v strike_v the_o vibration_n that_o be_v the_o reciprocal_a motion_n of_o that_o string_n in_o the_o same_o straight_a line_n cause_v like_o vibration_n in_o another_o string_n which_o have_v like_o tension_n we_o know_v also_o that_o the_o dregs_o or_o small_a sand_n which_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o vessel_n will_v be_v raise_v up_o from_o the_o bottom_n by_o any_o strong_a and_o reciprocal_a agitation_n of_o the_o water_n stir_v with_o the_o hand_n or_o with_o a_o staff_n why_o therefore_o shall_v not_o reciprocal_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o loadstone_n contribute_v as_o much_o towards_o the_o move_n of_o iron_n for_o if_o in_o the_o loadstone_n there_o be_v suppose_v such_o reciprocal_a motion_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n forward_o and_o backward_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o like_a motion_n will_v be_v propagate_v by_o the_o air_n to_o the_o iron_n and_o consequent_o that_o there_o will_v be_v in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o iron_n the_o same_o reciprocation_n or_o motion_n forward_o and_o backward_o and_o from_o hence_o also_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o intermediate_v air_n between_o the_o stone_n and_o the_o iron_n will_v by_o little_a and_o little_o be_v thrust_v away_o and_o the_o air_n be_v thrust_v away_o the_o body_n of_o the_o loadstone_n and_o the_o iron_n will_v necessary_o come_v together_o the_o possible_a cause_n therefore_o why_o the_o loadstone_n and_o jet_n draw_v to_o they_o the_o one_o iron_n the_o other_o straw_n may_v be_v this_o that_o those_o attract_v body_n have_v reciprocal_a motion_n either_o in_o a_o straight_a line_n or_o in_o a_o elliptical_a line_n when_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o attract_a body_n which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o such_o a_o motion_n but_o why_o the_o loadstone_n if_o with_o the_o help_n of_o cork_n it_o float_v at_o liberty_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n shall_v from_o any_o position_n whatsoever_o so_o place_n itself_o in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o meridian_n as_o that_o the_o same_o point_n which_o at_o one_o time_n of_o its_o be_v at_o rest_n respect_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v at_o all_o other_o time_n respect_v the_o same_o pole_n the_o cause_n may_v be_v this_o that_o the_o reciprocal_a motion_n which_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v make_v in_o a_o line_n parallel_n to_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o have_v be_v in_o those_o part_n ever_o since_o the_o stone_n be_v generate_v see_v therefore_o the_o stone_n while_o it_o remain_v in_o the_o mine_n and_o be_v carry_v about_o together_o with_o the_o earth_n by_o its_o diurnal_a motion_n do_v by_o length_n of_o time_n get_v a_o habit_n of_o be_v move_v in_o a_o line_n which_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o line_n of_o its_o reciprocal_a motion_n it_o will_v afterward_o though_o its_o axis_fw-la be_v remove_v from_o the_o parallel_n situation_n it_o have_v with_o the_o axis_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n retain_v its_o endeavour_n of_o return_v to_o that_o situation_n again_o and_o all_o endeavour_n be_v the_o beginning_n of_o motion_n and_o nothing_o intervening_a that_n may_v hinder_v the_o same_o the_o loadstone_n will_v therefore_o return_v to_o its_o former_a situation_n for_o any_o piece_n of_o iron_n that_o have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n rest_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o meridian_n whensoever_o it_o be_v force_v from_o that_o situation_n and_o afterward_o leave_v to_o its_o own_o liberty_n again_o will_v of_o itself_o return_v to_o lie_v in_o the_o meridian_n again_o which_o return_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o endeavour_n it_o acquire_v from_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o parallel_a circle_n which_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o meridian_n if_o iron_n be_v rub_v by_o the_o loadstone_n draw_v from_o one_o pole_n to_o the_o other_o two_o thing_n will_v happen_v one_o that_o the_o iron_n will_v acquire_v the_o same_o direction_n with_o the_o loadstone_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o it_o will_v lie_v in_o the_o meridian_n and_o have_v its_o axis_n and_o pole_n in_o the_o same_o position_n with_o those_o of_o the_o stone_n the_o other_o that_o the_o like_a pole_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o of_o the_o iron_n will_v avoid_v one_o another_o and_o the_o unlike_a pole_n approach_v one_o another_o and_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o former_a may_v be_v this_o that_o iron_n be_v touch_v by_o motion_n which_o be_v not_o reciprocal_a but_o draw_v the_o same_o way_n from_o pole_n to_o pole_n there_o will_v be_v imprint_v in_o the_o iron_n also_o a_o endeavour_n from_o the_o same_o pole_n to_o the_o same_o pole_n for_o see_v the_o loadstone_n differ_v from_o iron_n no_o otherwise_o then_o as_o ore_n from_o metal_n there_o will_v be_v no_o repugnance_n at_o all_o in_o the_o iron_n to_o receive_v the_o same_o motion_n which_o be_v in_o the_o stone_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o see_v they_o be_v both_o affect_v alike_o by_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o will_v both_o equal_o return_v to_o their_o situation_n in_o the_o meridian_n whensoever_o they_o be_v put_v from_o the_o same_o also_o of_o the_o late_a this_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n that_o as_o the_o loadstone_n in_o touch_v the_o iron_n do_v by_o its_o action_n imprint_v in_o the_o iron_n a_o endeavour_n towards_o one_o of_o the_o pole_n suppose_v towards_o the_o north_n pole_n so_o reciprocal_o the_o
the_o name_n of_o the_o part_n of_o any_o speech_n be_v explicate_v be_v it_o not_o necessary_a that_o the_o definition_n shall_v be_v a_o name_n compound_v of_o they_o for_o example_n when_o these_o name_n aequilaterall_a quadrilaterall_a right-angled_n be_v sufficient_o understand_v it_o be_v not_o necessary_a in_o geometry_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v at_o all_o such_o a_o name_n as_o square_n for_o define_v name_n be_v receive_v in_o philosophy_n for_o brevity_n sake_n only_o five_o that_o compound_v name_n which_o be_v define_v one_o way_n in_o some_o one_o part_n of_o philosophy_n may_v in_o another_o part_n of_o the_o same_o be_v otherwise_o define_v as_o a_o parabola_fw-la and_o a_o hyperbole_n have_v one_o definition_n in_o geometry_n and_o another_o in_o rhetoric_n for_o definition_n be_v institute_v and_o serve_v for_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o doctrine_n which_o be_v treat_v of_o and_o therefore_o as_o in_o one_o part_n of_o philosophy_n a_o definition_n may_v have_v in_o it_o some_o one_o fit_a name_n for_o the_o more_o brief_a explanation_n of_o some_o proposition_n in_o geometry_n so_o it_o may_v have_v the_o same_o liberty_n in_o other_o part_n of_o philosophy_n for_o the_o use_n of_o name_n be_v particular_a even_o where_o many_o agree_v to_o the_o settle_n of_o they_o and_o arbitrary_a six_o that_o no_o name_n can_v be_v define_v by_o any_o one_o word_n because_o no_o one_o word_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o resolve_v of_o one_o or_o more_o word_n seven_o that_o a_o define_v name_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v repeat_v in_o the_o definition_n for_o a_o define_v name_n be_v the_o whole_a compound_v and_o a_o definition_n be_v the_o resolution_n of_o that_o compound_v into_o part_n but_o no_o totall_n can_v be_v part_n of_o itself_o 16_o any_o two_o definition_n that_o may_v be_v compound_v into_o a_o syllogism_n produce_v a_o conclusion_n which_o because_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o principle_n that_o be_v from_o definition_n be_v say_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o the_o derivation_n or_o composition_n itself_o be_v call_v a_o demonstration_n in_o like_a manner_n if_o a_o syllogism_n be_v make_v of_o two_o proposition_n whereof_o one_o be_v a_o definition_n the_o other_o a_o demonstrate_v conclusion_n or_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v a_o definition_n but_o both_o former_o demonstrate_v that_o syllogism_n be_v also_o call_v a_o demonstration_n and_o so_o successive_o the_o definition_n therefore_o of_o a_o demonstration_n be_v this_o a_o demonstration_n be_v a_o syllogism_n or_o series_n of_o syllogism_n derive_v and_o continue_v from_o the_o definition_n of_o name_n to_o the_o last_o conclusion_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o may_v be_v understand_v that_o all_o true_a ratiocination_n which_o take_v its_o beginning_n from_o true_a principle_n produce_v science_n and_o be_v true_a demonstration_n for_o as_o for_o the_o original_a of_o the_o name_n although_o that_o which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o latin_n demonstratio_fw-la be_v understand_v by_o they_o for_o that_o sort_n only_o of_o ratiocination_n in_o which_o by_o the_o describe_v of_o certain_a line_n and_o figure_n they_o place_v the_o thing_n they_o be_v to_o prove_v as_o it_o be_v before_o man_n eye_n which_o be_v proper_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o to_o show_v by_o the_o figure_n yet_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v do_v it_o for_o this_o reason_n that_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o geometry_n in_o which_o only_o there_o be_v place_n for_o such_o figure_n there_o be_v no_o ratiocination_n certain_a and_o end_v in_o science_n their_o doctrine_n concern_v all_o other_o thing_n be_v nothing_o but_o controversy_n and_o clamour_n which_o nevertheless_o happen_v not_o because_o the_o truth_n to_o which_o they_o pretend_v can_v not_o be_v make_v evident_a without_o figure_n but_o because_o they_o want_v true_a principle_n from_o which_o they_o may_v derive_v their_o ratiocination_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n but_o that_o if_o true_a definition_n be_v praemise_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o doctrine_n the_o demonstration_n also_o will_v be_v true_a 17_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o methodical_a demonstration_n first_o that_o there_o be_v a_o true_a succession_n of_o one_o reason_n to_o another_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o syllogize_v deliver_v above_o second_o that_o the_o praemiss_n of_o all_o syllogism_n be_v demonstrate_v from_o the_o first_o definition_n three_o that_o after_o definition_n he_o that_o teach_v or_o demonstrate_v any_o thing_n proceed_v in_o the_o same_o method_n by_o which_o he_o find_v it_o out_o namely_o that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n those_o thing_n be_v demonstrate_v which_o immediate_o succeed_v to_o universal_a definition_n in_o which_o be_v contain_v that_o part_n of_o philosophy_n which_o be_v call_v philosophia_fw-la prima_fw-la next_o those_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v by_o simple_a motion_n in_o which_o geometry_n consist_v after_o geome_v try_v such_o thing_n as_o may_v be_v teach_v or_o show_v by_o manifest_a action_n that_o be_v by_o thrust_v from_o or_o pulling_z towards_z and_o after_o these_o the_o motion_n or_o mutation_n of_o the_o invisible_a part_n of_o thing_n and_o the_o doctrine_n of_o sense_n &_o imagination_n &_o of_o the_o internal_a passion_n especial_o those_o of_o man_n in_o which_o be_v comprehend_v the_o ground_n of_o civil_a duty_n or_o civil_a philosophy_n which_o take_v up_o the_o last_o place_n and_o that_o this_o method_n ought_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o philosophy_n be_v evident_a from_o hence_o that_o such_o thing_n as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v to_o be_v teach_v last_o can_v be_v demonstrate_v till_o such_o as_o be_v propound_v to_o be_v first_o treat_v of_o be_v full_o understand_v of_o which_o method_n no_o other_o example_n can_v be_v give_v but_o that_o treatise_n of_o the_o element_n of_o philosophy_n which_o i_o shall_v begin_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n and_o continue_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o work_n 18_o beside_o those_o paralogisme_n who_o fault_n lie_v either_o in_o the_o falsity_n of_o the_o praemiss_n or_o the_o want_n of_o true_a composition_n of_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o praecedent_a chapter_n there_o be_v two_o more_o which_o be_v frequent_a in_o demonstration_n one_o whereof_o be_v common_o call_v petitio_fw-la principii_fw-la the_o other_o be_v the_o suppose_n of_o a_o false_a cause_n and_o these_o do_v not_o only_o deceive_v unskilful_a learner_n but_o sometime_o master_n themselves_o by_o make_v they_o take_v that_o for_o well_o demonstrate_v which_o be_v not_o demonstrate_v at_o all_o petitio_fw-la principii_fw-la be_v when_o the_o conclusion_n to_o be_v prove_v be_v disguise_v in_o other_o word_n and_o put_v for_o the_o definition_n or_o principle_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o thus_o by_o put_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o thing_n seek_v either_o the_o thing_n itself_o or_o some_o effect_n of_o it_o they_o make_v a_o circle_n in_o their_o demonstration_n as_o for_o example_n he_o that_o will_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o earth_n stand_v still_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n and_o shall_v suppose_v the_o earth_n gravity_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o and_o define_v gravity_n to_o be_v a_o quality_n by_o which_o every_o heavy_a body_n tend_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n will_v lose_v his_o labour_n for_o the_o question_n be_v what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o quality_n in_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o he_o that_o suppose_v gravity_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n put_v the_o thing_n itself_o for_o its_o own_o cause_n of_o a_o false_a cause_n i_o find_v this_o example_n in_o a_o certain_a treatise_n where_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v demonstrate_v be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n he_o begin_v therefore_o with_o this_o that_o see_v the_o earth_n and_o the_o sun_n be_v not_o always_o in_o the_o same_o situation_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o one_o of_o they_o be_v local_o move_v which_o be_v true_a next_o he_o affirm_v that_o the_o vapour_n which_o the_o sun_n raise_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o sea_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o this_o motion_n necessary_o move_v which_o also_o be_v true_a from_o whence_o he_o infer_v the_o wind_n be_v make_v and_o this_o may_v pass_v for_o grant_v and_o by_o these_o wind_n he_o say_v the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v move_v and_o by_o their_o motion_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o if_o it_o be_v beat_v forward_o move_v round_o and_o let_v this_o also_o be_v grant_v wherefore_o he_o conclude_v the_o earth_n be_v move_v which_o be_v nevertheless_o be_v a_o paralogism_n for_o if_o that_o wind_n be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o earth_n be_v from_o the_o beginning_n move_v round_o and_o the_o motion_n either_o of_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o wind_n than_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o
reach_v the_o zodiac_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n will_v fall_v still_o upon_o the_o same_o fix_a star_n because_o the_o whole_a orb_n a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v no_o magnitude_n at_o all_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o great_a distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n suppose_v now_o the_o sun_n to_o be_v in_o c_o it_o remain_v that_o i_o show_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o earth_n be_v near_a to_o the_o sun_n when_o in_o its_o annual_a motion_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o d_o then_o when_o it_o be_v in_o b._n and_o i_o take_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v this_o when_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o capricorn_n at_o b_o the_o sun_n appear_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o cancer_n at_o d_o &_o then_o be_v the_o midst_n of_o summer_n but_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v towards_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v almost_o all_o dry_a land_n contain_v all_o europe_n and_o much_o the_o great_a part_n of_o asia_n and_o america_n but_o when_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o cancer_n at_o d_o it_o be_v the_o midst_n of_o winter_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v towards_o the_o sun_n which_o contain_v those_o great_a sea_n call_v the_o south_n sea_n and_o the_o indian_a sea_n which_o be_v of_o far_o great_a extent_n than_o all_o the_o dry_a land_n in_o that_o hemisphere_n wherefore_o by_o the_o last_o article_n of_o the_o 21_o chapter_n when_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o d_o it_o will_v come_v near_o to_o its_o first_o movent_fw-la that_o be_v to_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v in_o it_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o earth_n be_v near_a to_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n when_o it_o be_v in_o d_o then_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n when_o it_o be_v b_o and_o therefore_o during_o the_o winter_n the_o sun_n be_v in_o its_o perigaeum_n and_o in_o its_o apogaeum_n during_o the_o summer_n and_o thus_o i_o have_v show_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v i_o be_o therefore_o of_o keplers_n opinion_n in_o this_o that_o he_o attribute_n the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o part_n thereof_o and_o suppose_v one_o part_n to_o be_v affect_v and_o another_o disaffect_v to_o the_o sun_n and_o i_o dissent_v from_o he_o in_o this_o that_o he_o think_v it_o to_o be_v by_o magnetic_a virtue_n and_o that_o this_o magnetic_a virtue_n or_o attraction_n and_o thrust_v back_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v wrought_v by_o immateriate_a species_n which_o can_v be_v because_o nothing_o can_v give_v motion_n but_o a_o body_n move_v and_o contiguous_a for_o if_o those_o body_n be_v not_o move_v which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o a_o body_n unmoved_a how_o this_o body_n shall_v begin_v to_o be_v move_v be_v not_o imaginable_a as_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o seven_o article_n of_o the_o 9th_o chapter_n and_o often_o inculcate_v in_o other_o place_n to_o the_o end_n that_o philosopher_n may_v at_o last_o abstain_v from_o the_o use_n of_o such_o unconceivable_a connexion_n of_o word_n i_o dissent_v also_o from_o he_o in_o this_o that_o he_o say_v the_o similitude_n of_o body_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o mutual_a attraction_n for_o if_o it_o be_v so_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o one_o egg_n shall_v not_o be_v attract_v by_o another_o if_o therefore_o one_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v more_o affect_v by_o the_o sun_n than_o another_o part_n it_o proceed_v from_o this_o that_o one_o part_n have_v more_o water_n the_o other_o more_o dry_a land_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v as_o i_o show_v above_o that_o the_o earth_n come_v near_a to_o the_o sun_n when_o it_o shine_v upon_o that_o part_n where_o there_o be_v more_o water_n then_o when_o it_o shine_v upon_o that_o where_o there_o be_v more_o dry_a land_n 9_o this_o excentricity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o way_n of_o its_o annual_a motion_n be_v not_o a_o perfect_a circle_n but_o either_o a_o elliptical_a or_o almost_o a_o elliptical_a line_n as_o also_o why_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o keep_v exact_o parallel_v to_o itself_o in_o all_o place_n but_o only_o in_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n now_o see_v i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v carry_v about_o by_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v by_o the_o sun_n and_o that_o the_o earth_n go_v about_o the_o sun_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o it_o show_v sometime_o one_o hemisphere_n sometime_o the_o other_o to_o the_o sun_n it_o remain_v to_o be_v inquire_v why_o the_o moon_n have_v always_o one_o and_o the_o same_o face_n turn_v towards_o the_o earth_n suppose_v therefore_o the_o sun_n to_o be_v move_v with_o simple_a motion_n in_o the_o little_a circle_n f_o g_o h_o i_o in_o the_o four_o figure_n who_o centre_n be_v it_o and_o let_v ♈_o ♋_o ♎_o ♑_o be_v the_o annual_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o a_o the_o beginning_n of_o libra_n about_o the_o point_n a_o let_v the_o little_a circle_n l_o k_o be_v describe_v and_o in_o it_o let_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v move_v with_o simple_a motion_n and_o both_o the_o sun_n &_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v move_v according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sign_n upon_o the_o centre_n a_o let_v the_o way_n of_o the_o moon_n m_o n_o o_o p_o be_v describe_v and_o let_v q_o r_o be_v the_o diameter_n of_o a_o circle_n cut_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o moon_n into_o two_o hemisphere_n whereof_o one_o be_v see_v by_o we_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v at_o the_o full_a and_o the_o other_o be_v turn_v from_o we_o the_o diameter_n therefore_o of_o the_o moon_n q_o o_o r_o will_n be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o straight_a line_n t_o a._n wherefore_o the_o moon_n be_v carry_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o o_o towards_o p._n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n if_o it_o be_v in_o p_o it_o will_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v carry_v from_o p_o towards_o o_o and_o by_o these_o two_o contrary_a movent_n the_o straight_a line_n q_o r_o will_v be_v turn_v about_o and_o in_o a_o quadrant_n of_o the_o circle_n m_o n_o o_o p_o it_o will_v be_v turn_v so_o much_o as_o make_v the_o four_o part_n of_o its_o whole_a conversion_n wherefore_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o p_o q_o r_o will_v be_v parallel_n to_o the_o straight_a line_n m_o o._n second_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o m_o the_o straight_a line_n q_o r_o will_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o m_o o._n but_o by_o the_o work_n of_o the_o sun_n motion_n upon_o it_o in_o the_o quadrant_a p_o m_z toâ—_n same_o q_o r_o will_v be_v turn_v so_o much_o as_o make_v another_o quarter_n of_o its_o whole_a conversion_n when_o therefore_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o m_o q_o r_o will_v be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o straight_a line_n o_o m._n by_o the_o same_o reason_n when_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o n_o q_o r_o will_v be_v parallel_n to_o the_o straight_a line_n m_o o_fw-mi and_o the_o moon_n return_v to_o o_o the_o same_o q_o r_o will_v return_v to_o its_o first_o place_n and_o the_o body_n of_o the_o moon_n will_v in_o one_o entire_a period_n make_v also_o one_o entire_a conversion_n upon_o her_o own_o axis_n in_o the_o make_n of_o which_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o face_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v always_o turn_v towards_o the_o earth_n and_o if_o any_o diameter_n be_v take_v in_o that_o little_a circle_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v carry_v about_o with_o simple_a motion_n the_o same_o effect_n will_v follow_v for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o action_n from_o the_o sun_n every_o diameter_n of_o the_o moon_n will_v be_v carry_v about_o always_o parallel_v to_o itself_o wherefore_o i_o have_v give_v a_o possible_a cause_n why_o one_o and_o the_o same_o face_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v always_o turn_v towards_o the_o earth_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v without_o the_o ecliptic_a we_o do_v not_o always_o see_v the_o same_o face_n precise_o for_o we_o see_v only_o that_o part_n which_o be_v illuminate_v but_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v without_o the_o ecliptic_a that_o part_n which_o be_v towards_o we_o be_v not_o exact_o the_o same_o with_o that_o which_o be_v illuminate_v 10_o to_o these_o three_o simple_a motion_n one_o of_o the_o sun_n another_o of_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o three_o of_o the_o earth_n in_o their_o own_o little_a circle_n f_o g_o h_o i_o l_o k_o &_o q_o r_o together_o with_o the_o diurnal_a
conversion_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o which_o conversion_n all_o thing_n that_o adhere_v to_o its_o superficies_n be_v necessary_o carry_v about_o with_o it_o may_v be_v refer_v the_o three_o phaenomena_n concern_v the_o tide_n of_o the_o ocean_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v the_o alternate_a elevation_n and_o depression_n of_o the_o water_n at_o the_o shore_n twice_o in_o the_o space_n of_o 24_o hour_n and_o near_o upon_o 52_o minute_n for_o so_o it_o have_v constant_o continue_v in_o all_o age_n the_o second_o that_o at_o the_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o water_n be_v great_a then_o at_o other_o time_n between_o and_o the_o three_o that_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a they_o be_v yet_o great_a than_o at_o any_o other_o time_n for_o the_o salve_v of_o which_o phaenomena_n we_o have_v already_o the_o four_o abovementioned_a motion_n to_o which_o i_o assume_v also_o this_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v call_v america_n be_v high_a than_o the_o water_n and_o extend_v almost_o the_o space_n of_o a_o whole_a semicircle_n from_o north_n to_o south_n give_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n this_o be_v grant_v in_o the_o same_o four_o figure_n where_o l_o b_o k_o c_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o moon_n monthly_a motion_n let_v the_o little_a circle_n l_o d_o k_o e_o be_v describe_v about_o the_o same_o centre_n a_o in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a this_o circle_n therefore_o will_v decline_v from_o the_o circle_n l_o b_o k_o c_o in_o a_o angle_n of_o almost_o 28_o degree_n and_o ½_o for_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v 23½_n to_o which_o add_v 5_o for_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o moon_n from_o the_o ecliptic_a the_o sum_n will_v be_v 28_o degree_n and_o ½_o see_v now_o the_o water_n which_o be_v under_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o moon_n course_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n simple_a motion_n in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o same_o circle_n move_v together_o with_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v to_o say_v together_o with_o their_o own_o bottom_n neither_o out-going_a nor_o outgo_v if_o we_o add_v the_o diurnal_a motion_n by_o which_o the_o other_o water_n which_o be_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v move_v in_o the_o same_o order_n and_o consider_v withal_o that_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o of_o the_o equinoctial_a intersect_n one_o another_o it_o will_v be_v manifest_a that_o both_o those_o water_n which_o be_v under_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o under_o the_o equinoctial_a will_v run_v together_o under_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o consequent_o that_o their_o motion_n will_v not_o only_o be_v swift_a than_o the_o ground_n that_o carry_v they_o but_o also_o that_o the_o water_n themselves_o will_v have_v great_a elevation_n whensoever_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a wherefore_o whatsoever_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o tide_n may_v be_v this_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o augmentation_n at_o that_o time_n again_o see_v i_o have_v suppose_v the_o moon_n to_o be_v carry_v about_o by_o the_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o little_a circle_n lbkc_n and_o demonstrate_v at_o the_o 4_o article_n of_o the_o 21_o chapter_n that_o whatsoever_o be_v move_v by_o a_o movent_fw-la that_o have_v simple_a motion_n will_v be_v move_v always_o with_o the_o same_o velocity_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v carry_v in_o the_o circumference_n lbkc_n with_o the_o same_o velocity_n with_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v carry_v in_o the_o circumference_n mnop_n wherefore_o the_o time_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v carry_v about_o in_o mnop_n be_v to_o the_o time_n in_o which_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v about_o in_o lbkc_n as_o one_o circumference_n to_o the_o other_o that_o be_v as_o ao_o to_o ak_v but_o ao_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v to_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o 59_o to_o 1_o and_o therefore_o the_o earth_n if_o ak_v be_v put_v for_o its_o semidiameter_n will_v make_v 59_o revolution_n in_o lbkc_n in_o the_o time_n that_o the_o moon_n make_v one_o monthly_a circuit_n in_o mnop_n but_o the_o moon_n make_v her_o monthly_a circuit_n in_o little_a more_o than_o 29_o day_n wherefore_o the_o earth_n shall_v make_v its_o circuit_n in_o the_o circumference_n lbkc_n in_o 12_o hour_n and_o a_o little_a more_o namely_o about_o 26_o minute_n more_o that_o be_v to_o say_v it_o shall_v make_v two_o circuit_n in_o 24_o hour_n and_o almost_o 52_o minute_n which_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v the_o time_n between_o the_o high_a water_n of_o one_o day_n and_o the_o high_a water_n of_o the_o day_n follow_v now_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n be_v hinder_v by_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o america_n their_o motion_n will_v be_v interrupt_v there_o and_o consequent_o they_o will_v be_v elevate_v in_o those_o place_n and_o sink_v down_o again_o by_o their_o own_o weight_n twice_o in_o 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as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o triangle_n cgk_n which_o be_v near_a to_o the_o first_o light_n the_o transverse_a beam_n make_v greenesse_n and_o when_o the_o same_o second_o light_n be_v weak_a as_o in_o the_o triangle_n ckl_n they_o make_v a_o purple_a colour_n 14_o from_o hence_o may_v be_v deduce_v a_o cause_n why_o the_o moon_n and_o star_n appear_v big_a and_o red_a near_o the_o horizon_n then_o in_o the_o mid-heaven_n for_o between_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o apparent_a horizon_n there_o be_v more_o impure_a air_n such_o as_o be_v mingle_v with_o watery_a and_o earthy_a little_a body_n then_o be_v between_o the_o same_o eye_n and_o the_o more_o elevate_a part_n of_o heaven_n but_o vision_n be_v make_v by_o beam_n which_o constitute_v a_o cone_n who_o base_a if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o moon_n face_n and_o who_o vertex_fw-la be_v in_o the_o eye_n and_o therefore_o many_o beam_n from_o the_o moon_n must_v needs_o fall_v upon_o little_a body_n that_o be_v without_o 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be_v do_v 16_o grant_v that_o the_o cloud_n may_v be_v freeze_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o the_o moon_n have_v be_v see_v eclipse_v at_o such_o time_n as_o she_o have_v be_v almost_o two_o degree_n above_o the_o horizon_n the_o sun_n at_o the_o same_o time_n appear_v in_o the_o horizon_n for_o such_o a_o eclipse_n be_v observe_v by_o mestline_n at_o tube_v in_o the_o year_n 1590._o for_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o a_o freeze_a cloud_n be_v then_o interpose_v between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o observer_n and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v then_o almost_o two_o degree_n below_o the_o horizon_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v in_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o pass_n of_o his_o beam_n through_o the_o ice_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o those_o that_o attribute_v such_o refraction_n to_o the_o atmosphere_n can_v attribute_v to_o it_o so_o great_a a_o refraction_n as_o this_o wherefore_o not_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o either_o water_n in_o a_o continue_a 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