sun_n and_o the_o heart_n the_o admirable_a proportion_n and_o agreement_n we_o have_v already_o declare_v to_o the_o benevolent_a and_o beneficial_a star_n jupiter_n the_o liver_n of_o man_n the_o wellspring_n of_o most_o sweet_a and_o grateful_a humour_n be_v fit_o compare_v the_o fire_n and_o fury_n of_o mars_n the_o little_a bladder_n of_o the_o gall_n gather_v into_o itself_o the_o cold_a and_o harmful_a star_n saturn_n that_o loose_a and_o slaggy_a flesh_n of_o the_o spleen_n be_v the_o receptacle_n of_o melancholic_a humour_n do_v lively_o resemble_v and_o thus_o in_o like_a number_n and_o equal_a proportion_n both_o arithmetical_a and_o geometrical_a do_v these_o celestial_a particle_n as_o they_o be_v term_v of_o either_o world_n the_o great_a of_o heaven_n and_o the_o lesser_a of_o man_n answer_v one_o another_o the_o twelve_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n by_o the_o astrologer_n elegant_o depicture_v in_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n i_o pass_v over_o with_o silence_n for_o these_o be_v thing_n ancient_a and_o common_o know_v as_o be_v sing_v in_o the_o corner_n of_o our_o street_n we_o choose_v rather_o to_o meditate_v of_o more_o sublime_a and_o profound_a matter_n and_o to_o bend_v the_o eye_n of_o our_o mind_n peripatetike_n the_o comparison_n of_o both_o world_n according_a unto_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o peripatetike_n at_o a_o high_a mark_n the_o peripatetike_n do_v divide_v the_o world_n into_o body_n simple_a &_o mix_v simple_a they_o make_v five_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o four_o element_n of_o the_o mix_a body_n they_o will_v have_v some_o to_o be_v imperfect_a which_o they_o call_v meteor_n and_o those_o fiery_a airy_a watery_a earthy_a other_o some_o perfect_a as_o those_o thing_n that_o have_v life_n all_o which_o how_o and_o after_o what_o manner_n they_o be_v in_o man_n because_o it_o be_v a_o excellent_a and_o beautiful_a speculation_n i_o pray_v you_o mark_v and_o observe_v with_o i_o diligent_o of_o this_o little_a world_n the_o simple_a body_n be_v five_o the_o spirit_n and_o the_o four_o humour_n the_o spirit_n be_v the_o quintessence_n or_o sift_v essence_n aethereal_a in_o proportion_n as_o say_v the_o man_n the_o simple_a body_n of_o man_n philosopher_n answer_v to_o the_o element_n of_o the_o star_n the_o four_o humour_n be_v call_v the_o four_o sensible_a element_n of_o the_o body_n choler_n in_o temper_n the_o most_o hot_a and_o rage_a resemble_v fire_n blood_n hot_a and_o moist_a resemble_v the_o air_n phlegm_n cold_a &_o moist_a resemble_v the_o water_n melancholy_n cold_a and_o dry_a be_v fit_o compare_v unto_o earth_n behold_v also_o the_o wonderful_a analogy_n of_o the_o meteor_n of_o this_o little_a world_n the_o terrible_a lightning_n and_o fiery_a flash_n and_o impression_n world_n the_o meteorologie_n of_o the_o little_a world_n be_v show_v in_o the_o ruddy_a suffusion_n of_o our_o eye_n when_o we_o be_v in_o a_o heat_n and_o fury_n as_o also_o by_o those_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o dart_a beam_n which_o we_o throw_v from_o the_o same_o the_o rumble_a of_o the_o gut_n their_o croak_a murmur_n their_o rap_a escape_n and_o the_o huddle_v and_o redouble_v belching_n of_o the_o stomach_n do_v represent_v the_o fashion_n and_o manner_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o thunder_n the_o violent_a and_o gather_a rage_n of_o bluster_a wind_n tempestuous_a storm_n and_o gust_n be_v not_o only_o exhibit_v but_o also_o foreshow_v by_o exhale_a crudity_n and_o by_o the_o hiss_a sing_a and_o ring_a noise_n of_o the_o ear_n the_o humour_n and_o moistness_n that_o fall_v like_o a_o current_n or_o stream_n into_o the_o empty_a space_n of_o the_o throat_n the_o throttle_v and_o the_o chest_n resemble_v rain_n and_o shower_n thick_a and_o concoct_v phlegm_n that_o come_v up_o round_o and_o roundly_o when_o we_o cough_v carry_v the_o likeness_n of_o hailstone_n tear_n do_v represent_v the_o dew_n shake_v shrink_a tremble_a &_o throb_a motion_n resemble_v the_o earthquake_n there_o be_v also_o find_v in_o our_o body_n mine_n and_o quarry_n out_o of_o which_o metal_n and_o stone_n be_v dig_v not_o to_o build_v but_o to_o pull_v down_o the_o house_n so_o the_o stone_n of_o the_o kidney_n and_o bladder_n do_v carry_v a_o resemblance_n of_o mine_n and_o mineral_n this_o be_v the_o meteorology_n of_o this_o little_a world_n this_o be_v the_o demonstration_n of_o those_o thing_n therein_o that_o be_v imperfect_o mix_v and_o if_o you_o require_v in_o man_n a_o example_n of_o a_o body_n perfect_o mix_v behold_v and_o consider_v the_o whole_a body_n in_o which_o there_o be_v that_o concord_n and_o agreement_n of_o the_o four_o disagree_a quality_n and_o so_o just_a &_o equal_v a_o mixture_n of_o the_o element_n as_o that_o it_o be_v the_o very_a middle_n and_o mean_a among_o all_o live_n and_o animate_v thing_n this_o little_a world_n therefore_o which_o we_o call_v man_n be_v a_o great_a miracle_n and_o his_o frame_n and_o composition_n be_v more_o to_o be_v admire_v and_o wonder_v at_o than_o the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n for_o it_o be_v a_o far_o easy_a thing_n to_o depaint_v out_o many_o thing_n in_o a_o large_a and_o spacious_a table_n such_o as_o be_v the_o world_n then_o to_o comprehend_v all_o thing_n in_o one_o so_o little_a and_o narrow_a as_o be_v the_o compass_n of_o man_n body_n epicurus_n momus_n pliny_n and_o other_o the_o malicious_a and_o false_a detractor_n from_o nature_n be_v censure_v and_o the_o excellency_n of_o man_n be_v demonstrate_v by_o his_o nakedness_n cap._n iii_o let_v that_o beastly_a epicure_n now_o lay_v his_o hand_n upon_o his_o mouth_n &_o keep_v silence_n who_o be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o affirm_v that_o the_o body_n of_o man_n be_v make_v by_o chance_n and_o fortune_n out_o of_o a_o turbulent_a concourse_n forsooth_o of_o a_o number_n of_o atom_n or_o mote_n such_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o sun_n let_v momus_n be_v hiss_v and_o explode_v but_o first_o mark_v with_o a_o black_a brand_n of_o ignorance_n and_o infamy_n who_o presumptuous_o blame_v in_o the_o frame_n of_o man_n body_n many_o thing_n as_o lame_a maim_a and_o unperfect_a let_v pliny_n and_o all_o the_o whole_a rabble_n of_o false_a and_o counterfeit_a philosopher_n be_v banish_v out_o of_o the_o school_n of_o nature_n who_o cease_v not_o to_o wrong_v and_o traduce_v she_o for_o cast_v forth_o man_n naked_a and_o unarmed_a on_o the_o bare_a ground_n upon_o his_o birth_n day_n to_o begin_v the_o world_n with_o cry_v and_o lamentation_n for_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o epicure_n those_o thing_n which_o come_v by_o chance_n o_o epicure_n happen_v but_o seldom_o and_o of_o such_o thing_n neither_o any_o certain_a nor_o any_o prosperous_a event_n convince_v the_o error_n of_o the_o epicure_n convince_v can_v constant_o be_v expect_v or_o hope_v for_o but_o if_o thou_o do_v heedful_o observe_v ten_o thousand_o man_n thou_o shall_v find_v all_o their_o body_n make_v and_o frame_v with_o equal_a skill_n and_o unmatcheable_a art_n the_o same_o structure_n of_o bone_n cartelage_n ligament_n sinew_n vein_n artery_n and_o enteral_n the_o same_o context_n and_o composition_n figure_n or_o fashion_n number_n and_o situation_n the_o right_a side_n like_o unto_o the_o left_a and_o all_o the_o body_n within_o one_o and_o the_o same_o circle_n and_o compass_v equal_o poise_v so_o that_o nothing_o in_o the_o frame_n of_o man_n body_n do_v thrust_v itself_o in_o by_o chance_n nothing_o there_o be_v that_o do_v not_o exhibit_v and_o represent_v unto_o we_o the_o majesty_n of_o the_o high_a &_o most_o heavenly_a wisdom_n galen_n to_o convince_v the_o error_n of_o this_o beastly_a epicure_n say_v he_o will_v give_v he_o a_o hundred_o year_n to_o alter_v or_o change_v the_o situation_n figure_n or_o composition_n of_o any_o one_o part_n and_o he_o do_v not_o doubt_n but_o it_o will_v come_v to_o pass_v in_o the_o end_n that_o he_o will_v be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o galen_n galen_n the_o same_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n have_v be_v make_v after_o any_o other_o or_o more_o perfect_a manner_n i_o will_v speak_v somewhat_o more_o bold_o if_o all_o the_o angel_n shall_v have_v spend_v a_o thousand_o year_n in_o the_o frame_n &_o make_v of_o man_n they_o can_v not_o have_v cast_v he_o in_o so_o curious_a a_o mould_n or_o make_v he_o like_a to_o that_o he_o be_v much_o less_o can_v they_o have_v set_v he_o forth_o in_o any_o better_a manner_n let_v the_o epicure_n therefore_o be_v pack_v with_o this_o false_a fiction_n &_o feign_a invention_n of_o his_o own_o addle_n brain_n as_o for_o momus_n he_o be_v to_o be_v scorn_v for_o his_o dotage_n &_o simplicity_n who_o wish_v man_n body_n have_v condemn_v the_o slander_n of_o momus_n condemn_v be_v make_v full_o of_o window_n that_o the_o affection_n of_o the_o mind_n may_v have_v appear_v why_o momus_n do_v
be_v no_o election_n choice_n or_o dignotion_n of_o one_o simple_a thing_n but_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n of_o illumination_n nor_o light_n nor_o of_o other_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v rehearse_v much_o less_o be_v there_o contrariety_n for_o illumination_n do_v not_o true_o differ_v from_o illumination_n nor_o light_n from_o light_n neither_o be_v illumination_n contrary_a to_o illumination_n nor_o light_n to_o light_n but_o there_o be_v diverse_a difference_n of_o colour_n and_o one_o colour_n be_v contrary_a to_o another_o not_o those_o therefore_o but_o this_o to_o wit_n colour_n be_v the_o object_n of_o sight_n qvest._n xxxiii_o whether_o colour_n be_v light_n because_o light_n as_o well_o as_o colour_n do_v determine_v the_o sight_n and_o have_v in_o itself_o object_n of_o one_o faculty_n must_v there_o be_v one_o object_n a_o cause_n of_o visibility_n hence_o some_o think_v that_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v but_o one_o object_n of_o one_o know_v and_o discern_a faculty_n have_v esteem_v colour_n &_o light_n to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n but_o this_o can_v be_v for_o all_o colour_n be_v not_o light_n neither_o be_v all_o light_a colour_n whereas_o if_o they_o have_v be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n they_o may_v have_v be_v convert_v reciprocal_o but_o they_o urge_v thus_o every_o thing_n which_o be_v see_v be_v colour_n but_o light_n be_v see_v therefore_o light_n be_v colour_n i_o answer_v to_o be_v see_v may_v be_v understand_v two_o way_n first_o common_o and_o improper_o so_o as_o every_o thing_n both_o colour_n and_o that_o which_o be_v proportionable_a thereunto_o be_v say_v to_o be_v see_v and_o so_o aristotle_n take_v it_o in_o the_o 2._o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr visu_fw-la where_o in_o the_o beginning_n he_o say_v that_o which_o be_v visible_a be_v colour_n and_o that_o which_o be_v without_o name_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v that_o which_o be_v proportionable_a unto_o colour_n and_o after_o this_o manner_n light_n be_v see_v and_o yet_o be_v not_o therefore_o a_o colour_n because_o that_o on_o this_o manner_n many_o thing_n may_v be_v see_v which_o be_v not_o colour_n but_o only_o proportionable_a unto_o colour_n second_o this_o word_n see_v be_v take_v proper_o and_o according_a to_o this_o acception_n nothing_o can_v be_v see_v beside_o colour_n but_o they_o add_v yet_o further_o that_o the_o same_o effect_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o cause_n but_o whiteness_n objection_n objection_n and_o light_n do_v perform_v the_o same_o effect_n for_o a_o white_a colour_n do_v dissipate_v the_o sight_n and_o weary_v the_o eye_n and_o the_o same_o effect_n do_v the_o light_a work_n wherefore_o light_n and_o a_o white_a colour_n do_v not_o differ_v but_o we_o deny_v this_o argument_n for_o though_o there_o be_v great_a affinity_n and_o likeness_n between_o whiteness_n and_o the_o light_n as_o also_o betwixt_o blackness_n and_o darkness_n yet_o no_o identity_n nor_o unity_n of_o the_o species_n or_o kind_n do_v hence_o ensue_v for_o if_o the_o case_n be_v so_o two_o lucid_a body_n will_v produce_v colour_n of_o two_o kind_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o dark_a body_n because_o they_o can_v never_o shine_v equal_o and_o alike_o but_o to_o shine_v be_v to_o send_v forth_o a_o colour_n again_o when_o the_o light_n fail_v that_o be_v when_o darkness_n begin_v to_o come_v first_o a_o green_a colour_n than_o a_o purple_a and_o so_o other_o intermix_a colour_n must_v be_v induce_v upon_o the_o dark_a body_n till_o at_o length_n it_o attain_v unto_o the_o quite_o contrary_a colour_n to_o wit_n blackness_n even_o as_o the_o light_n do_v mediate_o and_o by_o degree_n degenerate_a into_o darkness_n but_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o â—bsurd_a than_o this_o for_o we_o see_v that_o a_o white_a colour_n remain_v white_a until_o the_o least_o part_n of_o it_o may_v be_v see_v yea_o it_o abide_v white_a till_o it_o be_v so_o dark_a that_o we_o can_v see_v nothing_o &_o all_o colour_n be_v take_v away_o from_o our_o eye_n other_o with_o more_o show_n of_o truth_n have_v undertake_v to_o persuade_v that_o colour_n be_v lumen_fw-la or_o a_o illumination_n that_o colour_n be_v a_o illumination_n illumination_n which_o opinion_n they_o strengthen_v with_o no_o small_a argument_n first_o because_o when_o this_o illumination_n be_v absent_a colour_n can_v be_v present_a and_o again_o at_o his_o arrival_n or_o return_n they_o be_v generate_v in_o the_o body_n but_o this_o argument_n be_v of_o small_a force_n for_o lumen_fw-la or_o illumination_n do_v not_o generate_v colour_n in_o body_n neither_o when_o it_o depart_v do_v it_o take_v they_o away_o but_o be_v only_o the_o cause_n wherefore_o they_o be_v rather_o sensible_a when_o it_o be_v present_a and_o be_v absent_a they_o be_v not_o see_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o without_o this_o splendour_n colour_n can_v move_v the_o tralucent_a body_n and_o so_o the_o night_n do_v not_o take_v away_o the_o colour_n but_o the_o image_n of_o it_o which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o deputy_n or_o instead_o of_o the_o colour_n but_o the_o real_a colour_n which_o be_v by_o themselves_o visible_a do_v remain_v if_o not_o actual_o yet_o potential_o yet_o they_o urge_v further_o that_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o cloud_n by_o the_o diverse_a irtadiation_n or_o glitter_a of_o the_o sun_n sometime_o be_v of_o a_o white_a and_o sometime_o of_o a_o red_a colour_n as_o also_o be_v the_o rainbow_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o we_o see_v the_o sea_n sometime_o to_o wax_v purple_a colour_v sometime_o to_o become_v gray_a and_o a_o far_o off_o to_o show_v white_a and_o at_o hand_n black_a final_o the_o neck_n of_o dove_n and_o the_o tail_n of_o peacock_n do_v wonderful_o vary_v their_o colour_n by_o the_o diverse_a aspect_n of_o the_o light_n but_o none_o of_o these_o be_v thus_o indeed_o and_o in_o truth_n but_o do_v so_o appear_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o vehement_a splendour_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o of_o the_o levity_n of_o the_o colour_a body_n whereupon_o the_o sight_n be_v somewhat_o hinder_v that_o it_o can_v discenrne_v off_o and_o know_v the_o real_a colour_n as_o they_o be_v again_o this_o happen_v not_o only_o from_o the_o direct_a or_o indirect_a irradiation_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o also_o from_o our_o behold_v of_o the_o colour_a thing_n from_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n or_o from_o on_o the_o left_a forward_z or_o backward_o for_o it_o be_v great_o to_o be_v respect_v whether_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o colour_a thing_n be_v on_o our_o side_n or_o on_o the_o opposite_a and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o peacock_n so_o the_o colour_n of_o her_o train_n seem_v to_o be_v vary_a which_o thing_n painter_n when_o they_o go_v about_o to_o limne_z any_o picture_n do_v diligent_o observe_v mark_v the_o place_n wherein_o the_o life_n be_v place_v to_o wit_n in_o what_o part_n it_o do_v receive_v the_o light_n moreover_o they_o consider_v the_o entrance_n into_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v that_o they_o may_v resolve_v on_o what_o part_n they_o may_v best_o behold_v it_o well_o know_v that_o both_o our_o eye_n and_o the_o light_n shall_v be_v well_o dispose_v unto_o the_o painter_n a_o good_a observation_n of_o painter_n right_a perception_n and_o discern_v of_o the_o real_a colour_n for_o if_o a_o well_o paint_a picture_n be_v place_v in_o a_o inconvenient_a place_n his_o form_n will_v not_o appear_v artificial_a but_o deform_a and_o disorder_v not_o that_o it_o be_v so_o indeed_o but_o that_o it_o only_o appear_v so_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o place_n and_o thus_o also_o it_o be_v with_o the_o colour_n of_o peacock_n so_o that_o hence_o we_o be_v teach_v that_o the_o illumination_n do_v not_o alter_v the_o colour_n but_o the_o disorder_a situation_n of_o the_o colour_a body_n and_o of_o he_o which_o behold_v it_o be_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o variation_n thereof_o qvest._n xxxiiii_o that_o the_o pure_a element_n be_v not_o colour_v of_o themselves_o aperspicuum_fw-la or_o tralucent_a body_n be_v without_o all_o darkness_n can_v never_o be_v so_o condense_v that_o a_o colour_n shall_v arise_v therefrom_o and_o therefore_o the_o simple_a element_n yea_o and_o the_o heaven_n itself_o have_v absolute_o no_o true_a colour_n for_o though_o the_o air_n may_v be_v so_o condense_v that_o it_o may_v degenerate_v into_o water_n colour_v the_o pure_a element_n be_v not_o true_o colour_v yet_o it_o will_v never_o attain_v unto_o a_o colour_n no_o nor_o the_o earth_n itself_o nor_o yet_o that_o which_o be_v more_o condense_a then_o the_o earth_n they_o therefore_o be_v in_o a_o error_n which_o ascribe_v whiteness_n unto_o three_o element_n and_o blackness_n unto_o the_o earth_n indeed_o perspicuity_n and_o transparencie_n may_v be_v allow_v to_o these_o three_o and_o a_o
kind_n of_o darkness_n to_o the_o earth_n but_o no_o colour_n at_o all_o notwithstanding_o they_o prove_v that_o colour_n do_v agree_v unto_o the_o element_n &_o objection_n objection_n especial_o simple_a colour_n as_o white_a and_o black_a because_o they_o be_v simple_a and_o as_o a_o mix_a body_n be_v make_v of_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o element_n so_o say_v they_o from_o the_o mixtion_n of_o white_a and_o black_a mix_v colour_n be_v generate_v and_o this_o be_v their_o argument_n that_o which_o agree_v to_o any_o thing_n by_o participation_n do_v also_o agree_v to_o it_o by_o essence_n but_o both_o extreme_a colour_n and_o those_o which_o be_v intermix_v do_v agree_v unto_o mix_a body_n by_o the_o participation_n of_o the_o element_n whence_o they_o conclude_v resolution_n resolution_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o simple_a colour_n that_o be_v white_z and_o black_a do_v essential_o agree_v unto_o the_o element_n to_o which_o we_o will_v answer_v by_o deny_v the_o mayor_n proposition_n for_o many_o thing_n do_v belong_v to_o a_o body_n by_o the_o participation_n of_o another_o which_o may_v not_o be_v attribute_v to_o that_o body_n as_o it_o be_v absolute_o consider_v so_o to_o the_o element_n which_o be_v here_o with_o we_o very_o turbulent_a and_o confuse_a many_o thing_n do_v agree_v which_o no_o man_n of_o understanding_n dare_v assign_v unto_o the_o simple_a and_o sincere_a element_n as_o for_o example_n our_o fire_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o certain_a kindle_v and_o flame_a smoke_n be_v colour_v perspicuous_a and_o bright_a yet_o the_o elementary_a fire_n we_o imagine_v to_o be_v pure_a &_o most_o subtle_a from_o which_o as_o from_o a_o fountain_n we_o do_v flow_v yet_o have_v none_o of_o these_o gross_a quality_n which_o our_o fire_n have_v for_o be_v exceed_o subtle_a &_o fine_a it_o have_v no_o solid_a substance_n admix_v with_o it_o and_o therefore_o be_v not_o affect_v with_o any_o colour_n neither_o be_v it_o lucid_a and_o transparent_a for_o colour_n consist_v in_o such_o a_o body_n as_o do_v determine_v the_o sight_n but_o light_n do_v not_o shine_v in_o a_o subtle_a and_o thin_a body_n but_o in_o a_o dense_n or_o thick_a body_n we_o grant_v therefore_o for_o the_o present_a that_o in_o mix_a body_n colour_n do_v result_v or_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o concursion_n of_o the_o element_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o thence_o follow_v that_o element_n be_v pure_a and_o not_o defile_v with_o the_o stain_n of_o other_o compound_a matter_n shall_v be_v taint_v with_o such_o colour_n as_o be_v say_v to_o colour_n how_o the_o element_n generate_v colour_n be_v in_o the_o extremity_n of_o body_n as_o accident_n be_v in_o the_o subject_n because_o the_o second_o quality_n arise_v from_o the_o first_o which_o to_o ascribe_v to_o these_o simple_a body_n be_v very_o eroneous_a wherefore_o the_o element_n do_v not_o primary_o generate_v colour_n in_o mix_a body_n but_o secondary_o that_o be_v not_o as_o they_o retain_v their_o proper_a nature_n but_o as_o they_o lay_v it_o aside_o and_o so_o do_v conspire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o mix_a body_n for_o the_o element_n can_v concur_v in_o one_o and_o so_o make_v a_o mix_a body_n unless_o they_o suffer_v a_o alteration_n both_o according_a to_o their_o substance_n and_o according_a to_o their_o quality_n &_o so_o they_o do_v as_o it_o be_v put_v off_o their_o proper_a be_v or_o essence_n that_o by_o this_o mutual_a embrace_v and_o conjunction_n they_o may_v produce_v a_o compound_n body_n if_o therefore_o they_o neither_o retain_v their_o substance_n nor_o their_o first_o quality_n which_o the_o ancient_n esteem_v as_o their_o essential_a form_n how_o shall_v they_o reserve_v entire_a to_o themselves_o those_o colour_n which_o be_v their_o second_o quality_n that_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o mix_a body_n shall_v proceed_v from_o a_o confluence_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o simple_a element_n wherefore_o colour_n do_v belong_v to_o mix_v body_n primary_o and_o by_o themselves_o that_o be_v essential_o and_o not_o by_o participation_n and_o so_o we_o will_v pass_v by_o this_o argument_n not_o meddle_v with_o the_o sophistry_n of_o their_o syllogism_n which_o every_o one_o that_o run_v may_v perceive_v qvest._n xxxvi_o of_o the_o generation_n of_o colour_n and_o of_o their_o form_n we_o have_v determine_v already_o that_o true_a colour_n be_v produce_v from_o the_o element_n mix_v among_o themselves_o and_o not_o from_o their_o first_o quality_n to_o wit_n the_o colour_n the_o original_n of_o colour_n heat_n cold_a humidity_n and_o siccity_n as_o some_o have_v think_v though_o indeed_o almost_o all_o second_o quality_n do_v consist_v of_o these_o but_o colour_n do_v arise_v from_o the_o essential_a form_n of_o the_o element_n from_o which_o form_n as_o it_o be_v a_o proper_a accident_n they_o be_v derive_v that_o be_v colour_n do_v arise_v out_o of_o the_o perspicuity_n and_o opacitie_n of_o the_o element_n proportion_v together_o for_o three_o of_o the_o element_n be_v perspicuous_a the_o fire_n the_o air_n and_o the_o water_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o fire_n be_v more_o transparent_a than_o the_o air_n and_o the_o air_n than_o water_n only_o the_o earth_n be_v dark_a when_o therefore_o the_o earth_n be_v mingle_v with_o the_o three_o other_o it_o do_v determine_v their_o perspicuity_n and_o so_o induce_v a_o colour_n into_o the_o mix_a body_n for_o their_o transparency_n and_o perspicuity_n be_v condense_v and_o make_v more_o crass_a and_o thick_a so_o that_o they_o cease_v to_o be_v tralucent_a and_o do_v determine_v the_o sight_n and_o then_o colour_n necessary_o colour_v that_o which_o determine_v the_o sight_n be_v colour_v follow_v for_o to_o terminate_v the_o sight_n in_o his_o superficies_n be_v to_o be_v colour_v because_o nothing_o can_v determine_v the_o sight_n but_o by_o some_o colour_n a_o colour_n therefore_o arise_v from_o the_o condensation_n of_o a_o transparent_a body_n by_o that_o which_o be_v dark_a in_o the_o mistion_n of_o the_o element_n for_o when_o the_o transparent_a body_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o dark_a body_n cease_v to_o be_v transparent_a it_o become_v colour_v and_o in_o his_o superficies_n do_v move_v the_o sight_n body_n colour_n be_v generate_v of_o the_o mistion_n of_o the_o dark_a body_n hence_o appear_v their_o error_n who_o suppose_v a_o double_a nature_n of_o colour_n be_v signify_v in_o that_o definition_n which_o we_o have_v give_v see_v aristotle_n call_v it_o the_o extremity_n or_o outside_n of_o the_o transparent_a body_n for_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o tralucent_a body_n be_v not_o a_o colour_n but_o that_o which_o like_o a_o accident_n do_v inhere_o in_o the_o extremity_n or_o superficies_n or_o if_o you_o will_v the_o extreme_a outside_n of_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la or_o splendent_a body_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o colour_n but_o the_o colour_n produce_v from_o elsewhere_o do_v by_o his_o adumbration_n or_o circumscription_n determine_v the_o transparent_a body_n for_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la or_o transparent_a body_n be_v that_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o tenuitie_n be_v what_o perspicuum_fw-la be_v of_o his_o part_n do_v transmit_v the_o light_n and_o so_o appear_v yet_o do_v not_o determine_v the_o sight_n where_o therefore_o the_o sight_n be_v determine_v there_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la must_v end_v for_o except_o it_o be_v so_o the_o sight_n will_v yet_o proceed_v further_o beyond_o it_o but_o the_o sight_n be_v terminate_v only_o by_o colour_n and_o therefore_o colour_n be_v right_o call_v the_o term_n or_o bond_n and_o extremity_n of_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la many_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o there_o be_v no_o colour_n in_o the_o dark_a but_o only_o a_o kind_n of_o faculty_n colour_n of_o the_o form_n of_o colour_n and_o beginning_n where_o of_o colour_n do_v arise_v as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o a_o matter_n illustrate_v by_o illumination_n which_o serve_v in_o stead_n of_o the_o form_n of_o which_o sect_n epicurus_n be_v as_o lucretius_n say_v praterea_fw-la quoniam_fw-la nequeunt_fw-la sine_fw-la luce_fw-fr colores_fw-la esse_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o luce_n existunt_fw-la primor_fw-la dia_z rerum_fw-la scire_fw-la licet_fw-la quo_fw-la sunt_fw-la quaevis_fw-la velata_fw-la colore_fw-la qualis_fw-la enim_fw-la coecis_fw-la poterit_fw-la colour_n esse_fw-la tenebris_fw-la lumine_fw-la qui_fw-la mutatur_fw-la in_o ipso_fw-la propterea_fw-la quod_fw-la recta_fw-la out_o obliqua_fw-la percussus_fw-la luce_n refulget_fw-la again_o because_o no_o colour_n can_v without_o the_o light_n appear_v who_o shall_v discern_v what_o colour_a mask_n the_o element_n do_v wear_v unless_o the_o light_n do_v unto_o he_o their_o several_a hue_n bewray_v and_o what_o man_n can_v the_o colour_n blaze_v which_o in_o blind_a darkness_n stay_v because_o in_o light_a all_o colour_n change_v and_o shine_v as_o they_o be_v smite_v with_o the_o oblique_a or_o direct_a ray_n which_o from_o the_o light_n do_v flit_v and_o he_o maintain_v his_o
neither_o be_v necessary_a see_v the_o taste_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_n be_v immediate_o absolve_v or_o perfect_v as_o the_o touch_n be_v that_o which_o we_o taste_v we_o immediate_o touch_v with_o our_o tongue_n neither_o be_v there_o sensation_n make_v till_o the_o object_n light_n upon_o the_o organ_n if_o any_o man_n shall_v imagine_v that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o medium_fw-la i_o ask_v the_o question_n what_o he_o will_v assign_v one_o of_o the_o four_o element_n or_o some_o body_n compound_v of_o they_o sure_o neither_o these_o nor_o that_o for_o if_o it_o be_v a_o element_n it_o must_v be_v fire_n or_o air_n or_o water_n or_o earth_n but_o not_o fire_v no_o element_n can_v be_v the_o medium_fw-la not_o fire_v fire_n for_o that_o be_v hot_a and_o dry_a which_o will_v not_o conserve_v but_o consume_v the_o moisture_n where_o in_o especial_o the_o object_n of_o taste_n be_v seat_v now_o the_o office_n of_o a_o medium_n be_v to_o conserve_v the_o object_n not_o to_o destroy_v it_o add_v hereto_o that_o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o sapour_n be_v heat_n but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o can_v be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n and_o medium_fw-la of_o the_o same_o thing_n again_o if_o fire_n be_v the_o mediâ—â—_n we_o may_v like_v a_o salamander_n live_v in_o the_o fire_n or_o champ_v burn_a coal_n and_o not_o be_v hurt_v the_o air_n be_v not_o fit_a for_o this_o function_n for_o the_o sapor_n recide_v in_o the_o mix_a body_n out_o oâ—_n which_o it_o never_o yssu_v wherefore_o the_o medium_fw-la that_o must_v lead_v the_o sapor_n unto_o the_o organ_n air_n not_o air_n must_v also_o transport_v unto_o the_o organ_n the_o mix_a body_n wherein_o the_o sapor_n be_v but_o the_o air_n be_v a_o simple_a and_o liquid_a element_n be_v not_o fit_a to_o carry_v a_o solid_a matter_n the_o water_n can_v be_v the_o medium_fw-la because_o we_o do_v not_o live_v in_o it_o and_o therefore_o it_o not_o contiguous_a with_o the_o object_n and_o the_o organ_n water_n not_o water_n much_o less_o the_o earth_n for_o that_o be_v cold_a and_o dry_a both_o which_o quality_n be_v contrary_a unto_o earth_n not_o earth_n sapour_n and_o therefore_o will_v rather_o utter_o destroy_v they_o then_o conserve_v and_o maintain_v theâ—_n one_o word_n may_v have_v serve_v all_o there_o be_v no_o pure_a or_o simple_a element_n &_o that_o which_o be_v not_o can_v be_v a_o medium_fw-la be_v it_o any_o compound_a body_n no_o for_o a_o compound_n body_n woâ—â—_n element_n there_o be_v no_o pure_a element_n disturb_v and_o hinder_v the_o taste_n beside_o every_o mix_a body_n if_o it_o have_v never_o so_o little_a humid_a in_o it_o be_v of_o itself_o gustable_a that_o be_v the_o object_n not_o the_o medium_n of_o taste_n we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o taste_n be_v make_v without_o any_o outward_a medium_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o say_v that_o taste_n be_v make_v without_o any_o intermediate_v body_n adjoin_v or_o grow_v to_o the_o organ_n of_o taste_n for_o as_o in_o touch_v we_o have_v already_o say_v in_o the_o second_o book_n that_o the_o scarf_n skin_n be_v make_v by_o nature_n to_o come_v between_o the_o object_n and_o the_o skin_n itself_o which_o be_v the_o organ_n not_o to_o be_v a_o medium_n necessary_a what_o kind_n of_o medium_n be_v necessary_a for_o that_o office_n it_o do_v not_o perform_v but_o a_o little_a to_o dull_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o object_n so_o likewise_o in_o taste_n which_o we_o have_v often_o say_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_v we_o hold_v that_o the_o membrance_n which_o invest_v the_o tongue_n do_v perform_v the_o same_o office_n to_o the_o organ_n which_o therefore_o we_o may_v say_v be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o medium_n though_o indeed_o and_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v not_o so_o qvest._n lxii_o of_o the_o organ_n of_o taste_v have_v thus_o say_v what_o we_o can_v for_o this_o present_a concern_v the_o medium_n of_o taste_v we_o now_o come_v unto_o the_o organ_n concern_v which_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n make_v all_o man_n herein_o believe_v their_o sense_n that_o the_o tongue_n be_v it_o which_o discern_v the_o difference_n of_o sapour_n for_o not_o only_o reasonable_a but_o all_o unreasonable_a creature_n when_o they_o will_v taste_v any_o thing_n do_v lay_v it_o to_o their_o tongue_n or_o if_o they_o can_v do_v so_o they_o lay_v their_o tongue_n unto_o it_o to_o distinguish_v the_o taste_n thereof_o some_o have_v think_v that_o the_o pallet_n be_v the_o instrument_n of_o this_o sense_n which_o we_o find_v false_a because_o those_o man_n who_o pallet_n be_v eat_v out_o with_o the_o french_a disease_n do_v yet_o taste_v their_o tooth_n that_o the_o palate_n be_v not_o the_o organ_n of_o taste_v nor_o the_o tooth_n meat_n well_o enough_o it_o must_v therefore_o be_v the_o tongue_n though_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o some_o have_v attribute_v this_o faculty_n to_o the_o tooth_n who_o argument_n happy_o we_o may_v answer_v in_o another_o place_n if_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o shall_v not_o think_v they_o unworthy_a our_o resolution_n but_o there_o be_v some_o who_o have_v conceive_v with_o better_a reason_n that_o the_o membrane_n which_o invest_v the_o tongue_n be_v the_o true_a organ_n of_o taste_v among_o who_o be_v valesius_fw-la in_o the_o four_o refuted_a nor_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tongue_n valesius_fw-la refuted_a and_o twentieth_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o controversy_n but_o he_o affirm_v it_o only_o confirm_v it_o not_o yet_o because_o so_o worthy_a a_o scholar_n have_v affirm_v it_o we_o will_v endeavour_v to_o make_v the_o contrary_n appear_v first_o therefore_o the_o temperament_n which_o be_v common_a to_o it_o which_o other_o membrance_n do_v argument_n the_o first_o argument_n deny_v it_o this_o privilege_n for_o it_o be_v cold_a and_o dry_a both_o which_o quality_n be_v contrary_a unto_o sapour_n now_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o organ_n must_v not_o be_v at_o dagger_n draw_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o object_n but_o rather_o friend_n and_o live_v neighbourly_a together_o so_o as_o the_o organ_n may_v be_v potential_o that_o which_o the_o object_n be_v indeed_o and_o act_v again_o the_o same_o membrane_n which_o incompass_v the_o tongue_n do_v also_o invest_v the_o nostril_n argument_n the_o second_o argument_n the_o pallet_n and_o 〈…〉_o llet_fw-la if_o therefore_o the_o membrane_n be_v the_o organ_n this_o sense_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o all_o these_o part_n which_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n not_o to_o be_v so_o valesius_fw-la very_a unaduised_o resolve_v that_o this_o very_a membrane_n encompass_v the_o nostril_n be_v the_o organ_n of_o smell_v and_o say_v that_o it_o 〈◊〉_d â—he_v diversity_n of_o the_o temperament_n which_o make_v it_o in_o the_o tongue_n the_o organ_n of_o the_o taste_n and_o in_o the_o nose_n the_o organ_n of_o smell_v but_o he_o be_v fowl_o deceive_v for_o suppose_v it_o have_v in_o these_o place_n a_o different_a temperature_n we_o must_v not_o think_v that_o only_o the_o temper_n be_v sufficient_a to_o distinguish_v the_o organ_n of_o sense_n but_o beside_o to_o diverse_a action_n there_o be_v require_v a_o diverse_a substance_n diverse_a i_o say_v and_o such_o as_o be_v not_o else_o where_o to_o be_v find_v now_o this_o membrane_n although_o the_o temper_n do_v somewhat_o differ_v in_o several_a place_n yet_o in_o quality_n and_o substance_n it_o be_v like_o itself_o appear_v so_o both_o to_o the_o sight_n and_o to_o the_o touch_n final_o that_o be_v the_o principal_a part_n of_o the_o instrument_n into_o which_o a_o soft_a nerve_n do_v determine_v but_o into_o this_o coat_n no_o man_n will_v say_v the_o nerve_n do_v determine_v who_o have_v but_o touch_v argument_n the_o three_o argument_n anatomy_n with_o his_o upper_a lip_n yet_o galen_n in_o the_o second_o chap_n of_o his_o 16._o book_n de_fw-la usu_fw-la partium_fw-la seem_v to_o affirm_v the_o same_o in_o these_o word_n as_o the_o hard_a nerve_n be_v insert_v into_o the_o muskle_n galen_n objection_n out_o of_o galen_n so_o be_v the_o soft_a into_o their_o proper_a organ_n as_o into_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tongue_n so_o that_o hence_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o follow_v that_o his_o membran_fw-mi be_v the_o proper_a instrument_n of_o taste_v but_o this_o place_n of_o galen_n be_v no_o whit_n against_o our_o opinion_n for_o we_o think_v and_o confess_v that_o that_o into_o which_o the_o expound_v galen_n expound_v nerve_n determine_v be_v the_o true_a organ_n but_o galen_n do_v not_o say_v the_o nerve_n determine_v in_o the_o membrane_n or_o coat_n of_o the_o tongue_n he_o say_v it_o be_v insert_v into_o it_o whence_o we_o may_v rather_o gather_v yea_o therefrom_o it_o be_v convince_v that_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v the_o organ_n we_o treat_v of_o because_o into_o it_o the_o nerve_n do_v determine_v
by_o understanding_n nor_o reason_n it_o be_v be_v it_o the_o work_n of_o our_o understanding_n or_o of_o our_o reason_n no_o for_o this_o action_n be_v common_a to_o brute_n beast_n which_o be_v destitute_a of_o reason_n for_o they_o know_v when_o they_o do_v not_o see_v or_o hear_v or_o smell_v and_o so_o in_o the_o rest_n and_o that_o they_o know_v so_o much_o may_v easy_o be_v gather_v by_o their_o open_n of_o their_o eye_n when_o they_o be_v shut_v and_o prick_v up_o their_o ear_n when_o they_o will_v see_v or_o hear_v neither_o need_v we_o wonder_v heereat_o for_o they_o be_v enrich_v with_o some_o function_n that_o come_v near_o unto_o reason_n itself_o as_o i_o may_v easy_o prove_v by_o many_o instance_n of_o diverse_a creature_n out_o of_o aristotle_n and_o pliny_n and_o other_o historian_n if_o i_o think_v it_o pertinent_a to_o this_o place_n see_v therefore_o unreasonable_a creature_n do_v know_v when_o they_o perceive_v that_o be_v have_v use_n of_o their_o sense_n it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o that_o knowledge_n be_v not_o a_o work_n of_o reason_n neither_o be_v it_o any_o work_n of_o the_o fantasy_n in_o regard_n that_o it_o work_v after_o the_o act_n of_o perceive_v when_o the_o object_n be_v not_o present_a but_o this_o sense_n ought_v to_o judge_v at_o least_o then_o when_o phantisy_n it_o be_v no_o work_n of_o the_o phantisy_n we_o have_v use_v of_o sense_n that_o we_o do_v use_v it_o and_o after_o sensation_n to_o do_v nothing_o whence_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 136_o text_n of_o the_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la handle_v this_o matter_n affirm_v that_o this_o be_v do_v continual_o in_o the_o first_o sense_n and_o this_o sense_n be_v the_o common_a sense_n so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o no_o one_o sense_n but_o be_v equal_o common_a to_o all_o for_o nature_n have_v sense_n we_o know_v that_o we_o perceyve_v by_o the_o common_a sense_n always_o endeavour_v that_o she_o may_v bring_v a_o multitude_n into_o a_o unity_n so_o much_o as_o possible_o may_v be_v wherefore_o she_o have_v join_v in_o one_o common_a sense_n all_o the_o outward_a sense_n wherinto_o as_o line_n go_v from_o the_o circumference_n into_o the_o centre_n they_o may_v determine_v &_o this_o have_v the_o philosopher_n very_o elegant_o declare_v in_o the_o 30._o text_n of_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o call_v this_o common_a sense_n the_o mean_a or_o middle_a between_o the_o external_a sense_n consider_v they_o as_o the_o circumference_n and_o this_o as_o the_o centre_n this_o be_v that_o sense_n by_o which_o we_o know_v that_o we_o hear_v &_o see_v and_o perform_v the_o function_n of_o the_o other_o sense_n this_o be_v it_o which_o be_v bind_v in_o our_o sleep_n make_v we_o ignorant_a of_o our_o sensation_n this_o be_v it_o which_o except_o it_o be_v present_v all_o the_o other_o sense_n be_v unprofitable_a this_o be_v it_o which_o offer_v to_o the_o fancy_n the_o species_n which_o the_o outward_a sense_n have_v perceive_v and_o the_o phantasm_n to_o the_o understanding_n in_o a_o word_n this_o be_v it_o without_o which_o neither_o the_o external_a nor_o internal_a sense_n nor_o the_o principal_a faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n can_v consist_v entire_a and_o absolute_a qvest._n xii_o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o sense_n it_o be_v receive_v of_o all_o man_n that_o the_o sense_n be_v five_o in_o number_n but_o especial_o of_o aristotle_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n and_o 128_o text_n of_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la who_o say_v sense_n that_o there_o be_v five_o sense_n that_o beside_o sight_n hear_v smell_a taste_v and_o touch_v there_o can_v be_v no_o other_o sense_n assign_v and_o this_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o reason_n because_o there_o be_v only_o five_o object_n colour_n sound_n odour_n sapour_n and_o tactile_a quality_n if_o therefore_o there_o can_v be_v find_v no_o other_o proper_a object_n beside_o these_o five_o i_o mean_v of_o external_a sense_n that_o there_o be_v five_o proper_a object_n of_o the_o sense_n object_n it_o do_v necessary_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o sense_n beside_o these_o so_o also_o because_o these_o five_o mention_v several_a object_n be_v so_o proper_a unto_o their_o several_a sense_n that_o none_o of_o they_o be_v judge_v of_o but_o by_o his_o own_o proper_a sense_n i_o say_v it_o follow_v hence_o that_o there_o be_v no_o few_o sense_n than_o five_o because_o the_o object_n be_v full_a out_o five_o furthermore_o this_o number_n of_o five_o sense_n be_v also_o confirm_v by_o the_o number_n of_o the_o element_n for_o aristotle_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la say_v sense_n the_o number_n of_o the_o sense_n that_o every_o organ_n be_v assign_v to_o a_o particular_a element_n namely_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o water_n the_o hear_v to_o the_o air_n the_o smell_a to_o the_o fire_n the_o touch_v to_o the_o earth_n and_o taste_v because_o of_o his_o near_a affinity_n to_o touch_v be_v resemble_v unto_o the_o same_o element_n neither_o do_v that_o which_o may_v be_v object_v any_o way_n infringe_v or_o impeach_v this_o opinion_n to_o solution_n objection_n solution_n wit_n because_o there_o be_v one_o only_o sensative_a faculty_n therefore_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v but_o one_o sense_n for_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o eye_n discern_v colour_n the_o ear_n judge_v of_o sound_n the_o nose_n perceive_v savour_n be_v not_o from_o the_o faculty_n but_o from_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o organ_n for_o the_o foot_n also_o will_v see_v if_o it_o be_v endue_v with_o a_o temperament_n convenient_a for_o the_o discern_a of_o colour_n that_o they_o have_v sense_n the_o organ_n have_v it_o from_o the_o faculty_n but_o that_o the_o perceive_v rather_o this_o then_o that_o object_n they_o obtain_v it_o not_o from_o the_o faculty_n but_o from_o the_o temperament_n of_o their_o organ_n wherefore_o whereas_o the_o eye_n do_v discern_v of_o colour_n the_o ear_n of_o sound_n and_o the_o nose_n of_o odour_n it_o be_v not_o because_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a visive_a a_o auditory_a and_o odoratorie_n or_o smell_a faculty_n but_o because_o one_o and_o the_o same_o faculty_n carry_v itself_o in_o every_o organ_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n do_v diverslie_o proceed_v into_o act_n according_a to_o the_o diverse_a temper_n of_o the_o diverse_a organ_n qvest._n xiii_o of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sense_n have_v thus_o determine_v the_o number_n of_o the_o sense_n it_o follow_v in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o we_o speak_v something_o of_o the_o order_n of_o they_o to_o wit_n whether_o we_o ought_v to_o begin_v with_o the_o sight_n as_o aristotle_n and_o almost_o all_o philosopher_n do_v or_o with_o the_o touch_n which_o be_v a_o contrary_a way_n wherein_o physician_n &_o anatomist_n do_v walk_v and_o these_o be_v the_o two_o contrary_a sect_n concern_v this_o matter_n of_o order_n for_o none_o ever_o make_v doubt_n about_o the_o interruption_n or_o break_v off_o the_o order_n but_o how_o many_o author_n soever_o there_o be_v they_o have_v either_o place_v sight_n in_o the_o first_o place_n hear_v in_o the_o second_o smell_a in_o the_o three_o taste_v in_o the_o four_o and_o touch_v in_o the_o five_o or_o else_o on_o the_o contrary_n have_v put_v touch_v in_o the_o first_o rank_n taste_v in_o the_o second_o smell_a in_o the_o three_o hear_v in_o the_o four_o and_o see_v in_o the_o five_o and_o last_o place_n as_o concern_v the_o first_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o philosopher_n and_o of_o aristotle_n especial_o element_n sense_n to_o be_v place_v according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o element_n who_o both_o in_o the_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o in_o the_o 2._o 3._o and_o 5._o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sens_n &_o sens_n do_v rank_n they_o in_o this_o order_n moreover_o this_o assertion_n seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o reason_n because_o this_o be_v the_o order_n of_o the_o element_n which_o do_v concur_v for_o a_o mean_a or_o other_o help_n to_o the_o sense_n so_o that_o every_o sense_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o element_n unto_o which_o it_o be_v appropriate_v ought_v thus_o to_o be_v place_v and_o according_a thereto_o shall_v their_o order_n and_o frame_n arise_v sight_n be_v then_o the_o first_o of_o all_o the_o sense_n because_o fire_n have_v the_o first_o place_n among_o the_o element_n fiery_a the_o sight_n be_v fiery_a for_o sight_n be_v fiery_a both_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o sense_n for_o it_o have_v a_o ingenite_fw-la or_o inbred_a fire_n as_o also_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o sensible_a thing_n for_o except_v there_o be_v light_n which_o proceed_v from_o afiery_a body_n there_o will_v be_v no_o vision_n the_o hear_v be_v the_o second_o because_o it_o be_v airy_a for_o
other_o body_n and_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v the_o sound_n of_o those_o creature_n which_o we_o call_v insecta_fw-la and_o of_o most_o fish_n the_o sound_n that_o proceed_v from_o such_o organ_n as_o be_v not_o thereto_o by_o nature_n depute_v be_v also_o double_a first_o as_o when_o two_o creature_n or_o two_o hand_n do_v strike_v one_o against_o another_o the_o second_o when_o one_o body_n have_v life_n the_o other_o have_v none_o as_o when_o a_o man_n strike_v his_o hand_n upon_o a_o table_n furthermore_o the_o natural_a sound_n of_o body_n without_o life_n be_v that_o which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o first_o quality_n as_o that_o of_o the_o fire_n of_o the_o air_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o of_o these_o mix_v for_o example_n the_o thunder_a of_o air_n when_o it_o be_v conclude_v or_o shut_v up_o in_o water_n and_o violent_o break_v forth_o through_o a_o narrow_a outlet_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o natural_a sound_n i_o call_v that_o violent_a which_o be_v make_v by_o body_n beat_v one_o against_o another_o by_o a_o sound_n violent_a sound_n extrinsecall_n or_o outward_a principle_n all_o which_o may_v be_v nice_o part_v into_o several_a section_n if_o we_o do_v not_o think_v that_o any_o man_n may_v out_o of_o the_o order_n we_o have_v before_o insist_v upon_o frame_n unto_o himself_o a_o multitude_n of_o distinction_n or_o difference_n of_o sound_n qvest._n xli_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o hear_v concern_v the_o manner_n of_o hear_v the_o philosopher_n do_v diverse_o dissent_v in_o their_o opinion_n alcmaeon_n think_v that_o we_o do_v therefore_o hear_v because_o our_o ear_n be_v empty_a alcmaeon_n diverse_a opinion_n of_o hear_v alcmaeon_n and_o hollow_a within_o for_o all_o empty_a thing_n do_v make_v a_o resonance_n diogenes_n thought_n that_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o air_n within_o the_o brain_n and_o that_o this_o air_n be_v strike_v with_o the_o voice_n &_o this_o conceit_n be_v controvert_v in_o hypocrates_n time_n &_o therefore_o diogenes_n diogenes_n in_o his_o book_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o inveigh_v against_o it_o there_o be_v say_v he_o some_o which_o write_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n have_v affirm_v that_o the_o brain_n do_v make_v a_o sound_n which_o can_v be_v for_o the_o brain_n be_v humid_a and_o moist_a but_o no_o moist_a body_n can_v cause_v a_o sound_n plato_n write_v that_o hear_v be_v hypocrates_n hypocrates_n make_v by_o the_o pulsation_n and_o beat_n of_o a_o internal_a air_n but_o we_o pass_v by_o these_o slippery_a way_n of_o opinion_n will_v insist_v upon_o the_o true_a manner_n of_o plato_n plato_n hear_v and_o in_o a_o short_a and_o familiar_a discourse_n display_v the_o whole_a nature_n thereof_o for_o because_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v be_v unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n and_o physician_n particular_o to_o aristotle_n and_o galen_n in_o who_o day_n anatomy_n be_v but_o in_o the_o infancy_n and_o therefore_o the_o many_o small_a and_o curious_a part_n of_o that_o organ_n not_o find_v out_o we_o can_v therefore_o collect_v the_o perfect_a nature_n of_o hear_v out_o of_o their_o writing_n and_o therefore_o in_o this_o disquisition_n we_o must_v trust_v more_o unto_o our_o own_o experience_n aristotle_n in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la say_v that_o three_o thing_n be_v require_v unto_o sense_n it_o how_o hear_v be_v make_v the_o object_n of_o it_o the_o object_n medium_n and_o instrument_n or_o organ_n the_o object_n of_o the_o hear_v be_v sound_a as_o colour_n be_v the_o object_n of_o the_o light_n but_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o sound_n we_o have_v entreat_v already_o as_o much_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o this_o place_n only_o i_o will_v call_v to_o your_o remembrance_n by_o the_o way_n that_o a_o sound_n be_v a_o quality_n arise_v from_o the_o fraction_n and_o break_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v be_v what_o sound_n be_v make_v by_o the_o percussion_n of_o two_o hard_a and_o solid_a body_n for_o soft_a thing_n do_v easy_o yield_v neither_o do_v they_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o that_o which_o beat_v against_o they_o the_o medium_n or_o mean_a of_o hear_v be_v the_o external_a air_n for_o aristotle_n doubt_v whether_o it_o the_o medium_n of_o it_o the_o organ_n of_o it_o a_o voice_n can_v be_v hear_v in_o the_o water_n or_o no_o and_o yet_o he_o know_v very_o well_o that_o fish_n do_v hear_v who_o be_v ever_o present_a at_o the_o fish_n for_o mullet_n in_o the_o night_n the_o instrumtnt_n of_o the_o hear_v be_v not_o the_o external_a ear_n but_o the_o internal_a which_o consist_v of_o four_o cavity_n and_o many_o other_o particle_n unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_n the_o manner_n therefore_o of_o hear_v be_v thus_o the_o external_a air_n be_v strike_v by_o two_o hard_a and_o solid_a body_n and_o affect_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o sound_n do_v alter_v that_o air_n hear_v the_o manner_n of_o hear_v which_o adjoin_v next_o unto_o it_o and_o this_o air_n move_v the_o next_o to_o that_o until_o by_o this_o continuation_n and_o successive_a motion_n it_o arrive_v at_o the_o eare._n for_o even_o as_o if_o you_o cast_v a_o stone_n into_o a_o pond_n there_o will_v circle_n bubble_v up_o one_o overtaking_a and_o move_v another_o so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o percussion_n of_o the_o air_n there_o be_v as_o it_o be_v certain_a circle_n generate_v until_o by_o succession_n they_o attain_v unto_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v avicen_n very_o witty_o call_v this_o continuation_n of_o the_o strike_a air_n undam_fw-la vocalem_fw-la a_o vocal_a wave_n but_o this_o kind_n of_o motion_n be_v not_o make_v in_o a_o moment_n but_o in_o succession_n of_o time_n whereupon_o it_o be_v that_o the_o sound_n be_v not_o present_o after_o the_o stroke_n hear_v from_o afar_o the_o air_n endow_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o sound_n be_v through_o the_o auditory_a passage_n which_o outward_o be_v always_o open_a first_o strike_v against_o the_o most_o dry_a and_o sound_a membrane_n which_o be_v therefore_o call_v tympanum_fw-la or_o the_o drum_n the_o membrane_n be_v strike_v do_v move_v the_o three_o little_a bone_n and_o in_o a_o moment_n make_v impression_n of_o the_o character_n of_o the_o sound_n this_o sound_n be_v present_o receive_v of_o the_o inbred_a air_n which_o it_o carry_v through_o the_o window_n of_o the_o stony_a stone_n before_o describe_v into_o the_o wind_a burrough_n and_o so_o into_o the_o labyrinth_n after_o into_o the_o snaile-shell_n and_o last_o into_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n which_o convey_v it_o thence_o unto_o the_o common_a sense_n as_o unto_o his_o censor_n and_o judge_n and_o this_o be_v the_o true_a manner_n of_o hear_v qvest._n xlii_o whether_o the_o proper_a and_o inbred_a air_n contain_v within_o the_o ear_n be_v the_o primary_n and_o principal_a instrument_n of_o hear_v the_o proper_a and_o ingenit_fw-la air_n which_o the_o barbarian_n call_v implant_v and_o aristotle_n inaedificate_v and_o immoneable_a be_v contain_v in_o the_o second_o cavity_n of_o the_o ear_n which_o the_o same_o aristotle_n call_v the_o snayle-shell_n some_o do_v it_o the_o name_n of_o it_o call_v it_o immovable_a because_o it_o be_v not_o move_v by_o any_o other_o but_o always_o remain_v the_o same_o in_o the_o ear_n other_o call_v it_o immovable_a because_o it_o have_v no_o natural_a sound_n but_o can_v receive_v all_o the_o difference_n of_o sound_n the_o ancients_n thought_n that_o this_o air_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o principal_a organ_n of_o hear_v and_o in_o respect_n of_o this_o air_n aristotle_n in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la et_fw-la sensil_n say_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o hear_v be_v airy_a indeed_o i_o esteem_v this_o air_n to_o be_v very_o necessary_a unto_o hear_v yea_o so_o necessary_a that_o hear_n can_v scarce_o be_v perform_v without_o it_o but_o i_o can_v never_o persuade_v myself_o that_o it_o be_v the_o principal_a organ_n of_o hear_v it_o be_v a_o universal_a theorem_a and_o general_o true_a that_o in_o every_o perfect_a organ_n there_o be_v some_o certain_a particle_n to_o which_o as_o to_o the_o chief_a cause_n the_o action_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v so_o in_o the_o liver_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d make_v sanguification_n in_o the_o eye_n hear_v the_o inbred_a air_n be_v not_o the_o principal_a organ_n of_o hear_v the_o crystalline_a humour_n cause_v sight_n in_o the_o muscle_n flesh_n effect_v motion_n and_o the_o mamillary_a process_n do_v make_v the_o smell_n but_o it_o will_v be_v object_v that_o this_o inbred_a air_n be_v not_o a_o similar_v part_n therefore_o no_o such_o action_n be_v due_a to_o it_o now_o that_o it_o be_v no_o part_n may_v be_v thus_o demonstrate_v every_o similar_v part_n be_v
principle_n of_o goodness_n than_o not_o to_o know_v evil_a i_o will_v wish_v they_o to_o learn_v of_o their_o horse_n that_o it_o be_v no_o good_a manage_n to_o stand_v stock_n still_o but_o to_o move_v in_o order_n we_o will_v apply_v ourselves_o to_o our_o business_n the_o great_a argument_n of_o divinity_n or_o of_o a_o nature_n relish_v thereof_o be_v perpetuity_n and_o immutability_n the_o perfection_n whereof_o as_o it_o be_v incompetent_a to_o any_o compound_a creature_n for_o the_o perpetuity_n the_o perfection_n of_o every_o thing_n be_v perpetuity_n soul_n be_v therefore_o immortal_a because_o it_o have_v no_o part_n so_o it_o be_v most_o resemble_v in_o that_o we_o call_v life_n wherein_o there_o be_v a_o perpetuity_n though_o not_o of_o all_o the_o part_n of_o time_n past_a present_a and_o to_o come_v for_o time_n be_v the_o measure_n thereof_o yet_o of_o that_o which_o in_o time_n be_v subsistent_a that_o be_v the_o be_v what_o life_n be_v present_a for_o as_o the_o production_n of_o point_n perpetuate_v a_o line_n so_o the_o coherence_n of_o present_a time_n make_v a_o kind_n of_o eternity_n life_n therefore_o so_o long_o as_o it_o be_v prolong_v have_v no_o end_n and_o comparison_n comparison_n may_v be_v compare_v to_o a_o clew_n of_o yarn_n such_o as_o the_o poet_n feign_v the_o destiny_n to_o spin_v which_o so_o long_o as_o there_o be_v flax_n to_o supply_v may_v be_v draw_v into_o a_o endless_a length_n now_o we_o must_v know_v that_o the_o matter_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v eternal_a for_o it_o never_o perish_v else_o have_v the_o world_n long_o ago_o be_v annihilate_v the_o dissolution_n of_o create_a thing_n be_v but_o a_o resolution_n of_o one_o thing_n into_o another_o hence_o come_v the_o perpetuity_n of_o all_o thing_n though_o subject_a to_o alteration_n a_o perpetuity_n i_o say_v not_o of_o the_o same_o particular_a thing_n distinguish_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o form_n but_o of_o the_o elementary_a part_n whereof_o it_o be_v compound_v but_o some_o will_v say_v this_o be_v but_o a_o speculative_a &_o imaginary_a perpetuity_n show_v it_o we_o more_o real_o that_o we_o may_v see_v it_o with_o our_o eye_n &_o feel_v it_o with_o our_o hand_n i_o show_v it_o thus_o the_o body_n of_o man_n man_n the_o elementary_a form_n of_o man_n consist_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n by_o form_n i_o mean_v not_o the_o soul_n but_o the_o form_n subsist_v in_o the_o matter_n and_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o same_o which_o though_o it_o be_v not_o divine_a nor_o etherial_a as_o some_o imagine_v but_o mere_o material_a yet_o so_o near_o it_o approach_v to_o the_o purity_n &_o nature_n of_o the_o first_o matter_n wherout_a it_o result_v that_o it_o easy_o vanish_v into_o a_o incompounded_a principle_n subsist_v afterward_o in_o nature_n not_o as_o a_o form_n be_v forsake_v by_o the_o spirit_n wherein_o it_o have_v his_o residence_n and_o whereby_o it_o be_v nourish_v but_o as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o universal_a nature_n this_o form_n we_o call_v life_n which_o as_o it_o be_v raise_v out_o of_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o body_n so_o it_o continue_v perpetual_a how_o a_o man_n be_v perpetual_a so_o long_o therein_o as_o it_o be_v supply_v with_o nourishment_n which_o nourishment_n be_v the_o radical_a moisture_n of_o the_o spermaticall_a part_n nature_n therefore_o be_v not_o able_a to_o generate_v any_o part_n of_o seed_n who_o moisture_n shall_v not_o in_o time_n be_v exhaust_v can_v not_o produce_v any_o particular_a creature_n eternal_a or_o immutable_a notwithstanding_o she_o devise_v a_o way_n by_o frame_v part_n fit_a for_o multiplication_n of_o seed_n to_o raise_v a_o perpetuity_n though_o not_o of_o any_o particular_a individuum_fw-la yet_o of_o the_o kind_n of_o all_o creature_n those_o part_n be_v the_o subject_n of_o our_o present_a discourse_n so_o then_o first_o of_o all_o she_o prepare_v a_o matter_n even_o the_o overplus_a of_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o particular_a part_n of_o our_o body_n for_o the_o nourishment_n have_v arrive_v at_o the_o part_n and_o receive_v a_o impression_n or_o stamp_n of_o their_o nature_n be_v partly_o assimulate_v into_o their_o substance_n partly_o man._n the_o process_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o frame_n of_o man._n at_o least_o if_o there_o be_v any_o overplus_a when_o the_o part_n be_v satisfy_v fall_v back_o by_o the_o vessel_n unto_o the_o spermaticall_a vein_n and_o artery_n which_o receive_v a_o irradiation_n from_o the_o testicle_n to_o which_o they_o be_v continue_v do_v give_v that_o matter_n a_o kind_n of_o rudiment_n of_o seed_n the_o low_a it_o fall_v and_o the_o near_a it_o approach_v to_o these_o testicle_n the_o better_a be_v it_o still_o labour_v till_o in_o the_o end_n it_o receyve_v from_o they_o his_o utmost_a perfection_n both_o in_o the_o colour_n consistence_n and_o prolificall_a virtue_n be_v so_o accomplish_v it_o be_v convey_v by_o the_o lead_a vessel_n into_o the_o storehouse_n call_v prostatae_fw-la where_o it_o be_v tun_v up_o and_o reserve_v for_o the_o generation_n of_o a_o new_a creature_n which_o new_a creature_n when_o it_o be_v make_v be_v also_o able_a to_o afford_v matter_n for_o the_o generation_n of_o another_o &_o so_o nature_n obtain_v a_o perpetuity_n and_o eternity_n even_o out_o of_o mutable_a and_o temporary_a principle_n the_o like_a administration_n of_o nature_n though_o the_o process_n of_o her_o work_n be_v not_o so_o long_o we_o see_v in_o fruit_n and_o tree_n and_o plant_n all_o of_o they_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v forth_o seed_n comparison_n comparison_n which_o shall_v perpetuate_v their_o kind_n a_o seed_n i_o say_v which_o though_o it_o be_v but_o small_a shall_v contain_v in_o it_o a_o power_n to_o frame_v a_o new_a all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n from_o whence_o it_o yssue_v so_o a_o acorne_n have_v in_o it_o the_o power_n of_o a_o mighty_a oak_n the_o quantity_n of_o a_o emmet_n of_o seed_n the_o power_n to_o grow_v into_o a_o vast_a elephant_n but_o because_o whatsoever_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v make_v a_o live_a creature_n must_v have_v not_o only_o one_o principle_n whereof_o it_o shall_v be_v form_v but_o also_o another_o whereby_o it_o may_v be_v sustain_v and_o nourish_v as_o also_o a_o convenient_a place_n for_o the_o growth_n and_o extension_n thereof_o nature_n therefore_o under_o which_o name_n i_o always_o understand_v the_o wise_a administration_n of_o almighty_a god_n make_v another_o sex_n of_o mankind_n not_o altogether_o of_o so_o hot_a a_o temper_n or_o constitution_n because_o she_o shall_v have_v a_o superfluity_n of_o blood_n for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o infant_n as_o also_o that_o the_o part_n of_o generation_n for_o want_n of_o heat_n to_o thrust_v make_v why_o woman_n be_v make_v they_o forth_o remain_v within_o may_v make_v a_o fit_a place_n wherein_o to_o conceive_v breed_v and_o perfect_a the_o same_o again_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o mutual_a long_a desire_n between_o the_o sex_n to_o communicate_v one_o with_o another_o and_o to_o confer_v their_o stock_n together_o for_o the_o propagation_n of_o mankind_n part_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o obscaen_fw-la part_n beside_o the_o ardour_n and_o heat_n of_o the_o spirit_n contain_v in_o their_o seed_n the_o part_n of_o generation_n be_v so_o form_v that_o there_o be_v not_o only_o a_o natural_a instinct_n of_o copulation_n but_o a_o appetite_n and_o earnest_n desire_v thereunto_o and_o therefore_o the_o obscene_a part_n be_v compound_v of_o particle_n of_o exquisite_a sense_n that_o passion_n be_v add_v unto_o the_o will_n their_o embracement_n may_v be_v to_o better_a purpose_n as_o for_o the_o particular_n it_o shall_v be_v in_o vain_a in_o this_o place_n to_o make_v mention_n of_o they_o because_o the_o follow_a discourse_n shall_v at_o large_a decipher_v they_o unto_o you_o in_o which_o we_o will_v first_o describe_v the_o part_n of_o generation_n belong_v to_o man_n and_o then_o proceed_v to_o those_o of_o woman_n also_o of_o which_o we_o will_v advise_v no_o man_n to_o take_v further_a knowledge_n than_o shall_v serve_v for_o his_o good_a instruction_n and_o so_o we_o descend_v unto_o our_o history_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o generation_n it_o be_v a_o rule_v case_n in_o hypocrates_n his_o book_n de_fw-fr dieta_fw-la aristotle_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o length_n and_o shortness_n of_o life_n galen_n in_o his_o first_o book_n how_o all_o elementary_a thing_n mortal_a and_o how_o de_fw-fr sanitate_fw-la tuenda_fw-la and_o at_o a_o word_n among_o all_o philosopher_n &_o physician_n that_o all_o thing_n under_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v say_v cicero_n in_o scipio_n his_o dream_n ultima_fw-la coelo_fw-la citima_fw-la terris_fw-la the_o last_o in_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o near_a to_o the_o earth_n all_o thing_n i_o say_v contain_v within_o the_o element_n be_v
〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o therefore_o galen_n call_v they_o in_o who_o it_o be_v ill_o affect_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v to_o temperate_a and_o moderate_a the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n we_o breathe_v in_o that_o vuula_n the_o use_n of_o the_o vuula_n it_o fall_v not_o sudden_o upon_o the_o lung_n and_o so_o the_o blood_n say_v aphrodisaeus_n become_v condense_v and_o thicken_v by_o the_o inspiration_n of_o cold_a air_n whereby_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o lung_n may_v be_v make_v slow_a whence_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o upon_o so_o great_a a_o contention_n in_o the_o motion_n the_o vessel_n may_v be_v break_v and_o a_o consumption_n follow_v another_o use_n of_o it_o be_v to_o moderate_v and_o tune_v the_o voice_n for_o only_a man_n and_o a_o few_o bird_n another_o another_o have_v it_o hereuppon_o it_o be_v call_v plectrum_fw-la vocis_fw-la the_o quill_n of_o the_o voice_n for_o hang_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o palate_n betwixt_o the_o larynx_n and_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o nostril_n it_o make_v a_o repercussion_n of_o the_o air_n as_o it_o yssu_v out_o of_o the_o throttle_v hence_o also_o it_o be_v that_o it_o help_v pronounciation_n columbus_n columbus_n very_o much_o as_o columbus_n say_v who_o also_o avouch_v that_o if_o it_o be_v eat_v away_o by_o the_o french_a disease_n or_o cut_v off_o when_o it_o be_v inflame_v the_o voice_n will_v never_o be_v shrill_a or_o clear_v after_o this_o fallopius_n gainesay_v upon_o his_o own_o manifold_a experience_n and_o bauhine_n tell_v a_o fallopius_n gainsay_v by_o fallopius_n story_n of_o a_o merchant_n who_o vuula_n for_o i_o know_v no_o other_o name_n for_o it_o in_o english_a have_v be_v some_o year_n since_o consume_v by_o a_o defluxion_n of_o sharp_a humour_n who_o yet_o find_v no_o decay_n or_o fault_n in_o his_o speech_n to_o follow_v upon_o it_o marry_v otherwise_o he_o grow_v tabid_v that_o be_v into_o a_o consumption_n wherefore_o say_v he_o we_o conceive_v that_o those_o that_o have_v their_o voice_n impair_v by_o the_o french_a disease_n do_v not_o only_o loose_v their_o vuulas_n but_o the_o ulcer_n eat_v away_o a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o glandulous_a body_n which_o be_v betwixt_o the_o bone_n and_o the_o coat_n of_o the_o palate_n or_o else_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o palate_n and_o the_o membrane_n be_v perforate_v the_o like_a conceit_n also_o have_v fallopius_n some_o add_v a_o three_o use_n of_o the_o vuula_n to_o purge_v the_o air_n for_o it_o lick_v up_o the_o dust_n which_o use_n a_o three_o use_n otherwise_o together_o with_o the_o air_n will_v descend_v into_o the_o lung_n but_o vesalius_n do_v not_o approve_v of_o this_o use_n and_o he_o render_v this_o reason_n because_o other_o creature_n that_o draw_v their_o breath_n near_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o more_o in_o danger_n of_o dust_n than_o man_n have_v not_o yet_o this_o vuula_n final_o for_o i_o will_v not_o insist_v upon_o every_o man_n conceit_n varolius_n concern_v the_o use_n of_o the_o vuula_n varolius_n his_o use_n of_o the_o vuula_n vuula_n express_v himself_o on_o such_o a_o manner_n the_o vuula_n receive_v the_o excrement_n of_o the_o brain_n convey_v unto_o the_o phlegmatic_a glandule_n through_o the_o tunnell_n this_o excrement_n it_o impart_v unto_o of_o the_o palate_n the_o tongue_n and_o other_o instrument_n of_o the_o voice_n to_o moisten_v they_o that_o which_o be_v overplus_n be_v cast_v out_o by_o spit_v and_o hawk_v for_o as_o in_o a_o flute_n the_o sound_n will_v not_o be_v shrill_a and_o clear_a unless_o it_o be_v wet_a so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o voice_n of_o a_o man_n and_o therefore_o nature_n place_v the_o vuula_n which_o receive_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o brain_n direct_o over_o the_o slit_n of_o the_o throttle_v or_o larynx_n that_o it_o together_o with_o the_o rough_a artery_n may_v better_o be_v moisten_a chap._n xxxi_o of_o the_o end_n of_o the_o mouth_n call_v fauces_fw-la or_o the_o chop_n and_o their_o glandule_n although_o the_o word_n fauces_fw-la or_o the_o chop_n do_v among_o some_o anaomiste_n vesalius_n and_o laurentius_n especial_o signify_v all_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o mouth_n yet_o proper_o it_o signify_v the_o backward_a and_o low_a part_n of_o the_o mouth_n or_o that_o word_n the_o extent_n of_o the_o word_n space_n where_o the_o end_n of_o the_o gullet_n and_o the_o rough_a artery_n do_v meet_v and_o may_v not_o be_v perceive_v unless_o the_o mouth_n be_v wide_o open_v and_o the_o tongue_n depress_v table_n 13._o figu_n 4._o betwixt_o f_o and_o i_o the_o grecian_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yet_o this_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d have_v diverse_a signification_n sometime_o it_o be_v take_v for_o that_o we_o call_v fauces_fw-la or_o the_o chap_n sometime_o for_o the_o larynx_n or_o throttle_v because_o they_o be_v near_o together_o sometime_o also_o for_o the_o whole_a rough_a artery_n aristotle_n in_o diverse_a place_n give_v this_o name_n to_o the_o gullet_n philoxenus_n erixius_n say_v a_o notable_a gourmandizer_n wish_v his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v his_o gullet_n big_a then_o a_o crane_n some_o by_o this_o word_n understand_v all_o the_o glandulous_a body_n about_o the_o chop_n but_o in_o hypocrates_n where_o we_o have_v this_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d put_v by_o itself_o it_o signify_v some_o disease_n of_o the_o chap_n as_o their_o roughness_n as_o in_o the_o five_o aphorism_n of_o the_o three_o section_n or_o their_o inflammation_n as_o in_o the_o 7._o section_n of_o the_o sixth_o book_n epidime_fw-la and_o the_o first_o aphorism_n this_o place_n also_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o galen_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o hypocrates_n by_o a_o metaphor_n because_o of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o place_n for_o isthmus_n signify_v proper_o a_o narrow_a isthmus_n why_o it_o be_v call_v isthmus_n tract_n of_o ground_n betwixt_o two_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o whole_a body_n there_o be_v no_o part_n so_o narrow_a and_o straight_o which_o contain_v so_o many_o instrument_n for_o in_o these_o fauces_fw-la be_v contain_v first_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o nostril_n descend_v through_o the_o palate_n into_o the_o mouth_n tab._n 13._o fig._n therein_o what_o part_n be_v contain_v therein_o 4._o after_o e._n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o nose_n again_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o fauces_fw-la or_o chap_n the_o bone_n hyois_fw-fr under_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n the_o tongue_n itself_o the_o larinx_n together_o with_o the_o epiglottis_fw-la and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o gullet_n beside_o the_o muscle_n of_o these_o part_n and_o some_o of_o the_o loweriaw_n add_v hereto_o certain_a propagation_n of_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o three_o sixth_o and_o seven_o coniugation_n the_o iugular_a vein_n the_o sleepy_a artery_n and_o certain_a glandule_n of_o which_o we_o will_v entreat_v in_o the_o next_o place_n because_o they_o be_v best_a exhibit_v in_o the_o thirteen_o table_n there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o glandule_n in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o chap_n the_o first_o be_v under_o the_o root_n of_o the_o ear_n which_o vesalius_n account_v for_o the_o three_o kind_n place_n three_o sort_n of_o glandule_n near_o this_o place_n of_o which_o we_o will_v speak_v in_o the_o eleven_o book_n the_o 2._o be_v those_o they_o call_v tonsillae_n or_o the_o almond_n of_o which_o we_o will_v entreat_v in_o this_o place_n the_o three_o be_v those_o vesalius_n call_v they_o the_o first_o which_o grow_v at_o the_o root_n of_o the_o larinx_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o rough_a artery_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v make_v mention_n when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o lavinx_n but_o discourse_n of_o in_o the_o 11._o book_n the_o almond_n be_v common_o call_v tonsillae_n tab._n 13._o fig._n 4._o f._n celsus_n call_v they_o simple_o glandule_n they_o be_v situate_v in_o both_o side_n of_o the_o mouth_n at_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n almond_n the_o almond_n betwixt_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o nostril_n and_o the_o larynx_n or_o between_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o weazon_n and_o the_o gullet_n on_o either_o side_n one_o large_a long_o and_o compare_v to_o almond_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v common_o call_v the_o almond_n of_o the_o throat_n the_o grecians_n call_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o they_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o isthmus_n of_o which_o we_o speak_v even_o now_o for_o if_o you_o look_v into_o the_o cavitie_n of_o the_o mouth_n when_o the_o low_a jaw_n be_v remoove_v you_o shall_v see_v the_o two_o hole_n of_o the_o nostril_n and_o the_o vuula_n or_o gargareon_o the_o two_o hole_n like_o two_o sea_n and_o the_o gagareon_o like_o a_o narrow_a tract_n or_o neck_n of_o land_n run_v between_o they_o by_o the_o same_o
mind_n with_o so_o artificial_a a_o pencil_n that_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o second_o soul_n what_o shall_v we_o say_v more_o do_v not_o galen_n himself_o so_o high_o extol_v this_o organ_n that_o he_o think_v the_o brain_n be_v only_o frame_v eye_n the_o brain_n be_v make_v for_o the_o eye_n for_o their_o sake_n a_o part_n so_o necessary_a and_o excellent_a that_o it_o make_v we_o very_o much_o resemble_v the_o very_a divine_a nature_n and_o do_v he_o not_o moreover_o write_v that_o the_o whole_a head_n have_v the_o high_a place_n in_o the_o body_n only_o because_o of_o the_o eye_n a_o commendation_n doubtless_o wonderful_a yet_o not_o more_o admirable_a than_o competent_a &_o worthy_o deserve_v for_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a and_o profound_a knowledge_n he_o consider_v world_n that_o it_o be_v a_o little_a world_n that_o the_o eye_n be_v the_o true_a microcosm_n or_o little_a world_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o exact_a roundness_n and_o revolution_n wherein_o beside_o the_o membrane_n which_o i_o dare_v bold_o call_v the_o seven_o sphere_n of_o heaven_n there_o be_v also_o the_o four_o element_n find_v eye_n the_o four_o element_n in_o the_o eye_n that_o fire_n be_v there_o we_o will_v prove_v in_o a_o convenient_a time_n and_o place_n that_o there_o be_v air_n who_o will_v deny_v which_o understand_v with_o what_o plenty_n of_o spirit_n they_o do_v abound_v as_o for_o water_n who_o do_v not_o see_v it_o in_o the_o eye_n do_v prove_v himself_o more_o blind_a than_o a_o beetle_n all_o the_o other_o part_n we_o will_v liken_v to_o the_o earth_n if_o you_o look_v upon_o the_o pupilla_fw-la or_o apple_n shall_v not_o you_o see_v shine_a star_n yea_o rather_o a_o eye_n the_o apple_n &_o rainbow_n of_o the_o eye_n beam_a sun_n wherefore_o thou_o may_v not_o unfit_o call_v the_o eye_n with_o the_o poet_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o gate_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v you_o not_o perceive_v here_o the_o diverse-coloured_n rainbow_n frame_v with_o a_o sevenfold_a circle_n shall_v you_o not_o also_o observe_v hail_n and_o infinite_a other_o thing_n which_o do_v most_o full_o declare_v the_o excellency_n of_o this_o sense_n by_o themselves_o without_o any_o additament_n of_o our_o oration_n agellius_n agellius_n but_o see_v as_o agellius_n say_v it_o be_v more_o blame-worthy_a to_o praise_v a_o thing_n slight_o &_o coldlie_o then_o earnest_o to_o dispraise_v it_o lest_o we_o shall_v seem_v to_o prejudice_n the_o worth_n of_o so_o excellent_a work_n of_o nature_n we_o will_v here_o make_v stay_n and_o address_v the_o small_a portion_n of_o our_o capacity_n unto_o a_o more_o abstruse_a contemplation_n concern_v the_o nature_n manner_n number_n order_n medium_fw-la object_n and_o organ_n of_o all_o the_o sense_n in_o general_n afterward_o we_o will_v descend_v unto_o particular_n qvest._n i._n what_o sense_n be_v have_v by_o way_n of_o praeface_n set_v forth_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o sense_n we_o be_v to_o proceed_v unto_o a_o more_o full_a discourse_n of_o they_o which_o that_o we_o may_v the_o better_o accomplish_v before_o we_o assay_v their_o particular_a handle_n we_o will_v take_v a_o taste_n of_o they_o in_o general_a which_o may_v aristotle_n the_o definition_n of_o sense_n by_o aristotle_n make_v way_n to_o the_o particular_n and_o may_v serve_v instead_o of_o a_o preamble_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o reader_n first_o of_o all_o therefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v what_o sense_n be_v aristotle_n in_o the_o 2._o de_fw-fr anima_fw-la text_n 12._o say_v that_o sense_n be_v that_o which_o can_v receive_v sensible_a form_n without_o any_o matter_n but_o he_o seem_v to_o define_v sense_n in_o potentia_fw-la only_a or_o power_n which_o haply_o he_o will_v insinuate_v by_o the_o word_n potest_fw-la or_o can_v especial_o because_o this_o can_v be_v a_o true_a definition_n of_o sense_n as_o it_o do_v indeed_o and_o real_o perceive_v for_o a_o glass_n also_o do_v receive_v grammaticus_n john_n grammaticus_n sensible_a form_n without_o any_o material_a substance_n &_o yet_o that_o perception_n be_v no_o sense_n whence_o johan._n grami_n upon_o the_o 127_o text_n of_o the_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la say_v to_o be_v able_a to_o perceive_v be_v not_o only_o to_o receive_v species_n or_o form_n without_o the_o matter_n but_o there_o be_v also_o requisite_a a_o animal_n faculty_n which_o be_v not_o in_o all_o thing_n that_o receive_v the_o form_n of_o sensible_a thing_n without_o aphrodis_fw-la alex._n aphrodis_fw-la the_o matter_n as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v even_o as_o it_o be_v in_o glass_n but_o the_o philosopher_n will_v show_v what_o manner_n of_o perception_n be_v necessary_a to_o sense_n that_o it_o have_v the_o act_n of_o perception_n and_o how_o the_o object_n ought_v to_o be_v dispose_v except_o by_o the_o word_n perceive_v he_o understand_v discern_v which_o philosopher_n do_v sometime_o promiscuous_o use_v as_o we_o may_v gather_v out_o of_o alexander_n aphrodisaeus_n who_o upon_o the_o 3._o book_n of_o the_o metaphysic_n say_v that_o sense_n be_v a_o apprehension_n or_o discern_v of_o present_a sensible_a thing_n which_o be_v without_o the_o sensorium_n or_o organ_n and_o this_o be_v sense_n in_o deed_n and_o act_n for_o we_o definition_n simplicius_n definition_n be_v then_o say_v to_o perceive_v when_o we_o discern_v the_o object_n which_o simplicius_n upon_o the_o 155._o text_n of_o the_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la have_v well_o note_v define_v sense_n to_o be_v acknowledge_v or_o discern_v stir_v uppe_o in_o the_o organ_n first_o receyve_v his_o act_n from_o the_o sensible_a object_n so_o that_o aristotle_n by_o receyve_v understand_v nothing_o but_o the_o knowledge_n or_o discern_v of_o the_o object_n and_o the_o same_o definition_n he_o do_v accurate_o and_o distinct_o declare_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n and_o 138_o text_n of_o the_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o instrument_n of_o everte_a sense_n do_v receive_v the_o sensible_a object_n without_o any_o matter_n and_o therefore_o the_o object_n be_v remoove_v there_o be_v in_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o sense_n sensation_n and_o imagination_n what_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a for_o how_o can_v the_o sense_n of_o that_o object_n remain_v in_o the_o organ_n when_o obâ—ect_n all_o sense_n be_v make_v with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o obâ—ect_n the_o object_n be_v set_v aside_o if_o it_o shall_v only_o receive_v it_o without_o any_o act_n of_o discern_v be_v we_o not_o teach_v the_o contrary_a in_o glass_n which_o because_o they_o only_o receive_v but_o know_v or_o discern_v nothing_o therefore_o present_o as_o the_o object_n be_v remoove_v they_o lose_v the_o image_n we_o will_v therefore_o out_o of_o this_o which_o have_v be_v say_v gather_v a_o most_o clear_a and_o absolute_a definition_n of_o sense_n on_o this_o manner_n that_o sense_n be_v a_o knowledge_n or_o discern_v of_o the_o object_n receive_v formal_o in_o the_o organ_n quest_n ii_o what_o action_n be_v and_o how_o action_n and_o use_n do_v differ_v averrhoe_n very_o worthy_o say_v in_o the_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o the_o 51._o text_n that_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a consideration_n of_o sense_n be_v whether_o it_o be_v to_o be_v account_v amongst_o the_o active_a or_o passive_a virtue_n or_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n that_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v accomplish_v by_o action_n or_o passion_n for_o he_o which_o be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o can_v never_o attain_v to_o the_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o sensation_n consider_v therefore_o of_o this_o matter_n by_o the_o counsel_n of_o auerrhoe_n i_o have_v here_o determine_v for_o the_o more_o evident_a clear_n of_o this_o question_n to_o declare_v what_o action_n be_v and_o also_o what_o passion_n be_v action_n therefore_o which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o certain_a active_a motion_n proceed_v be_v what_o action_n be_v from_o any_o thing_n fit_a for_o action_n for_o the_o obtain_n of_o some_o thing_n it_o be_v call_v a_o active_a motion_n by_o galen_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o 17_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la and_o in_o many_o other_o place_n and_o that_o not_o without_o good_a reason_n see_v that_o there_o be_v as_o well_o a_o active_a motion_n as_o a_o passive_a motion_n many_o call_v that_o a_o active_a motion_n which_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o proper_a nature_n of_o motion_n why_o action_n be_v call_v a_o active_a motion_n the_o thing_n and_o of_o itself_o alone_o and_o that_o passive_a which_o be_v cause_v by_o some_o external_a agent_n as_o for_o example_n the_o walk_v of_o a_o creature_n be_v a_o active_a motion_n in_o regard_n that_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o proper_a &_o internal_a faculty_n of_o the_o creature_n but_o the_o cast_n of_o a_o stone_n upward_o be_v what_o active_a
air_n occupi_v the_o second_o place_n and_o the_o airy_a the_o hear_v be_v airy_a hear_v be_v airy_a both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sense_n because_o it_o have_v a_o inbred_a air_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o object_n because_o the_o sound_n be_v form_v in_o the_o air_n so_o that_o it_o be_v of_o the_o essence_n thereof_o vaporous_a smell_a be_v vaporous_a smell_a be_v put_v in_o the_o three_o place_n because_o as_o it_o be_v the_o middle_n between_o the_o other_o sense_n so_o it_o be_v appropriate_v to_o a_o element_n if_o i_o may_v so_o say_v dispose_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o rest_n for_o that_o which_o be_v a_o mean_a between_o the_o nature_n of_o water_n and_o air_n as_o galen_n do_v well_o witness_n in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr odour_n instrum_fw-la fall_v under_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_a because_o that_o which_o be_v neither_o so_o thin_a or_o rare_a as_o air_n nor_o so_o crass_a and_o thick_a as_o water_n may_v well_o be_v conclude_v under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o vapour_n now_o that_o smell_a be_v vaporous_a both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sense_n itself_o and_o of_o the_o thing_n sensible_a we_o may_v have_v occasion_n to_o prove_v hereafter_o watery_a the_o taste_n watery_a the_o taste_n deserve_v the_o four_o place_n because_o water_n succeed_v air_n and_o to_o water_v this_o sense_n be_v refer_v as_o well_o because_o of_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o sense_n as_o also_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o object_n earthy_a the_o touch_v earthy_a the_o last_o place_n belong_v to_o the_o touch_n because_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o last_o and_o low_a place_n of_o who_o nature_n and_o quality_n this_o sense_n of_o touch_v do_v participate_v qvest._n xiiii_o a_o conformation_n of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sense_n that_o the_o sense_n ought_v to_o be_v thus_o continuate_v among_o themselves_o and_o propound_v in_o this_o order_n the_o constitution_n and_o conformation_n of_o the_o organ_n organ_n the_o order_n of_o the_o sense_n prove_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o organ_n do_v give_v we_o sufficient_a proof_n for_o the_o proper_a instrument_n of_o sight_n be_v veil_a with_o a_o very_a dense_n and_o thick_a cover_n that_o of_o the_o hear_v be_v more_o rare_a that_o of_o the_o smell_n yet_o thin_a than_o they_o both_o which_o galen_n in_o the_o 6._o chapter_n of_o his_o 8._o book_n de_fw-la usu_fw-la partium_fw-la have_v very_o well_o observe_v where_o speak_v of_o this_o sense_n he_o say_v if_o the_o cover_n be_v so_o frame_v that_o it_o may_v be_v no_o hindrance_n to_o the_o sense_n than_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o much_o more_o rare_a than_o that_o of_o hear_v by_o how_o much_o the_o object_n hereof_o be_v of_o more_o crass_a part_n part_n part_n than_o that_o of_o the_o ear_n the_o cover_n of_o the_o taste_n be_v not_o only_o more_o rare_a but_o it_o be_v altogether_o spongy_a as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o in_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tongue_n last_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o touch_n be_v most_o rare_a of_o all_o this_o order_n be_v moreover_o confirm_v by_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o object_n for_o the_o object_n of_o the_o object_n and_o by_o the_o tenuity_n &_o crassenes_n of_o the_o object_n sight_n be_v the_o thin_a &_o fine_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n yea_o after_o a_o sort_n spiritual_a &_o not_o corporeal_a that_o of_o the_o hear_n be_v more_o crass_a and_o the_o object_n of_o smell_n yet_o more_o crass_a and_o thick_a then_o either_o of_o they_o where-upon_a galen_n in_o the_o abovenamed_n place_n witness_v that_o the_o object_n of_o the_o smell_n be_v of_o more_o gross_a part_n than_o that_o of_o the_o hear_v for_o say_v he_o by_o how_o much_o the_o air_n be_v exceed_v by_o the_o light_n in_o the_o tenuity_n of_o their_o part_n by_o so_o much_o be_v the_o vapour_n surpass_v by_o the_o air_n the_o object_n of_o taste_n be_v much_o more_o crass_a than_o the_o former_a but_o the_o touch_v mean_a and_o by_o the_o necessity_n of_o 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that_o be_v exist_v within_o by_o these_o demonstration_n therefore_o be_v this_o continuation_n and_o order_n of_o the_o sense_n sufficient_o confirm_v to_o wit_n because_o every_o one_o ought_v to_o be_v place_v in_o this_o assign_a rank_n the_o sight_n and_o touch_n be_v the_o extreme_n because_o they_o be_v most_o distant_a one_o from_o another_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o object_n of_o touch_n be_v corporeal_a and_o material_a and_o the_o object_n of_o the_o sight_n incorporal_a and_o spiritual_a the_o organ_n of_o touch_n be_v place_v within_o but_o the_o organ_n of_o sight_n without_o the_o organ_n of_o touch_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o most_o rare_a and_o thin_a veil_n that_o of_o the_o sight_n with_o a_o most_o dense_a and_o thick_a cover_n because_o sight_n use_v a_o mean_a but_o touch_v none_o at_o all_o last_o the_o touch_n be_v earthy_a and_o the_o sight_n be_v fiery_a the_o hear_v and_o taste_v be_v less_o distant_a one_o from_o another_o and_o the_o smell_n be_v equal_o affect_v to_o all_o and_o therefore_o by_o good_a right_n challenge_v the_o middle_a place_n qvest._n xv._o the_o argument_n of_o the_o philosopher_n although_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v allege_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n seem_v to_o prove_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o rank_n or_o follow_a order_n of_o the_o sense_n and_o if_o any_o thing_n do_v infer_v a_o conclusion_n it_o be_v only_o probable_o yet_o there_o be_v which_o do_v contend_v for_o the_o primacy_n of_o the_o sight_n with_o strong_a argument_n and_o first_o they_o say_v that_o sight_n be_v the_o first_o by_o nature_n as_o aristotle_n witness_v in_o the_o 7._o text_n of_o his_o 2._o book_n de_fw-fr gener._n et_fw-la corrupt_a wherefore_o if_o we_o will_v observe_v the_o order_n sense_n sight_n be_v by_o nature_n before_o the_o other_o sense_n of_o nature_n we_o must_v begin_v with_o the_o sight_n second_o that_o which_o be_v more_o noble_a than_o the_o rest_n do_v deserve_v the_o first_o place_n but_o sight_n not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sense_n but_o of_o the_o organ_n also_o yea_o of_o the_o mean_a and_o object_n noble_a and_o more_o noble_a do_v excel_v all_o the_o other_o in_o dignity_n to_o these_o we_o add_v that_o sight_n be_v more_o liable_a to_o our_o understanding_n and_o therefore_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o it_o in_o the_o first_o place_n because_o many_o thing_n be_v find_v in_o it_o more_o facile_a and_o easy_a which_o also_o may_v prepare_v the_o mind_n unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o other_o sense_n for_o the_o organ_n thereof_o be_v very_o conspicuous_a the_o mean_a be_v manifest_a the_o object_n be_v clear_a and_o other_o thing_n which_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o sense_n be_v very_o obscure_a be_v perspicuous_a and_o know_v in_o this_o neither_o be_v it_o a_o sufficient_a objection_n to_o say_v that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o act_n of_o perceive_v this_o sense_n be_v most_o hard_a and_o difficult_a to_o be_v understand_v qvest._n xvi_o the_o argument_n of_o the_o physician_n we_o come_v now_o unto_o the_o reason_n which_o be_v bring_v for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o opinion_n both_o of_o plato_n of_o galen_n and_o of_o the_o anatomist_n and_o they_o be_v take_v partly_o out_o of_o aristotle_n and_o partly_o out_o of_o the_o propriety_n of_o order_n for_o common_a why_o we_o must_v begin_v with_o those_o which_o be_v most_o common_a aristotle_n in_o the_o 37._o text_n of_o his_o 1._o book_n of_o physics_n teach_v that_o we_o must_v begin_v with_o those_o which_o be_v most_o common_a both_o because_o as_o auerhoes_n expound_v it_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v most_o common_a be_v best_a know_v and_o also_o because_o the_o affection_n which_o be_v to_o be_v declare_v do_v primary_o agree_v unto_o
definition_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n but_o that_o a_o sound_n may_v be_v describe_v sometime_o one_o way_n and_o sometime_o another_o to_o wit_n either_o perfect_o or_o imperfect_o again_o what_o hinder_v that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n may_v not_o sometime_o be_v define_v accident_n one_o absolute_a definition_n of_o one_o accident_n absolute_o sometime_o relative_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o be_v as_o it_o be_v change_v under_o the_o same_o name_n or_o appellation_n as_o it_o happen_v to_o a_o sound_n here_o it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o definition_n of_o one_o thing_n but_o if_o there_o be_v more_o there_o be_v but_o one_o perfect_a and_o absolute_a or_o else_o they_o be_v all_o imperfect_a and_o defective_a again_o one_o definition_n be_v conceive_v or_o write_v absolute_o another_o relative_o let_v it_o not_o then_o seem_v strange_a to_o any_o man_n that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n according_a to_o a_o diverse_a acception_n thereof_o be_v by_o aristotle_n diverse_o define_v as_o also_o in_o the_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la he_o define_v anger_n to_o be_v a_o appetite_n of_o revenge_n and_o present_o after_o that_o it_o be_v a_o fervour_n or_o boil_a of_o the_o blood_n about_o the_o heart_n again_o he_o describe_v a_o house_n to_o be_v a_o cover_n and_o shelter_v to_o defend_v we_o from_o the_o violence_n of_o wind_n and_o shower_n and_o also_o he_o define_v it_o to_o be_v a_o work_n or_o building_n make_v of_o clay_n stone_n and_o wood_n even_o so_o here_o when_o he_o describe_v a_o sound_a to_o be_v a_o percussion_n of_o one_o body_n against_o another_o it_o be_v not_o formal_o define_v but_o by_o the_o efficient_a cause_n so_o we_o say_v the_o eclipse_n be_v a_o interposition_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o earth_n other_o define_v a_o sound_n say_v it_o be_v a_o passive_a quality_n strike_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v but_o we_o have_v add_v a_o three_o say_v placentinus_n which_o notwithstanding_o i_o will_v not_o discourse_n of_o so_o full_o as_o he_o have_v do_v because_o many_o thing_n will_v fall_v into_o the_o follow_a controversy_n qvest._n xl._n of_o the_o difference_n of_o sound_n we_o be_v to_o know_v when_o we_o treat_v of_o any_o subject_n first_o what_o it_o be_v and_o then_o how_o manifold_a it_o be_v wherefore_o have_v set_v down_o the_o true_a definition_n of_o a_o sound_n we_o will_v now_o speak_v of_o the_o difference_n thereof_o which_o difference_n because_o they_o be_v draw_v from_o diverse_a fountain_n and_o original_n they_o be_v therefore_o as_o grave_n the_o difference_n of_o a_o sound_n from_o the_o essence_n grave_n diverse_a and_o manifold_a first_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o essence_n they_o be_v thus_o distinguish_v some_o sound_v continue_v long_o other_o endure_v but_o a_o while_n both_o of_o these_o may_v be_v thus_o subdivide_v the_o first_o do_v either_o by_o his_o long_a continuance_n much_o move_v the_o sense_n or_o else_o but_o a_o little_a and_o this_o be_v call_v a_o grave_n base_a or_o a_o obtuse_a sound_n but_o that_o which_o be_v of_o a_o small_a continuance_n be_v divide_v into_o that_o which_o either_o in_o this_o short_a continuance_n do_v great_o move_v the_o sense_n or_o in_o the_o acure_v acure_v same_o time_n do_v move_v it_o very_o little_a and_o this_o be_v call_v a_o acute_a or_o treble_a sound_n &_o it_o be_v opposite_a to_o a_o grave_n or_o base_a sound_n and_o both_o these_o have_v borrow_v their_o name_n from_o tactile_a quality_n which_o do_v proper_o challenge_v these_o name_n to_o themselves_o a_o acute_a sound_n have_v his_o name_n from_o a_o sharp_a or_o acute_a heat_n or_o cold_a for_o as_o these_o quality_n do_v easy_o penetrate_v obtuse_a obtuse_a any_o body_n so_o this_o the_o sense_n which_o in_o a_o short_a time_n cause_v much_o sensation_n a_o obtuse_a sound_n have_v his_o name_n from_o obtuse_a or_o dull_a heat_n and_o cold_a because_o it_o do_v much_o resemble_v they_o and_o by_o these_o may_v be_v gather_v a_o manifest_a difference_n betwixt_o a_o sound_n and_o the_o object_n of_o other_o sense_n for_o they_o all_o do_v remain_v in_o the_o sensible_a thing_n when_o the_o sensation_n be_v past_a in_o which_o thing_n they_o actual_o exist_v both_o before_o and_o after_o sensation_n but_o the_o sound_n do_v vanish_v and_o go_v to_o nothing_o together_o with_o the_o perception_n thereof_o and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o aristotle_n say_v some_o sound_a thing_n be_v only_o in_o potentia_fw-la or_o in_o power_n and_o other_o in_o act_n etc._n etc._n again_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o essence_n some_o sound_n be_v direct_a other_o reflect_v which_o be_v call_v a_o echo_n echo_n the_o echo_n according_a to_o their_o existence_n some_o sound_n be_v in_o power_n and_o possibility_n other_o in_o act_n the_o formal_a and_o inhesive_a subject_n of_o potential_a sound_n be_v the_o air_n and_o water_n but_o the_o subject_n essence_n different_a sound_n from_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o actual_a sound_n be_v iron_n brass_n silver_n gold_n stones_n wood_n and_o other_o hard_a and_o smooth_a body_n and_o hence_o do_v arise_v another_o especial_a difference_n betwixt_o a_o sound_n and_o the_o object_n of_o other_o sense_n for_o these_o do_v inhere_o in_o the_o sensible_a thing_n actual_o and_o subiective_o both_o before_o in_o and_o after_o sensation_n but_o a_o sound_n do_v not_o exist_v in_o any_o sensible_a thing_n actual_o and_o subiective_o neither_o before_o nor_o after_o nor_o yet_o in_o the_o very_a perception_n of_o the_o same_o again_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o production_n some_o sound_v be_v make_v by_o production_n manner_n of_o production_n the_o fraction_n of_o the_o air_n cause_v by_o two_o solid_a body_n and_o these_o body_n because_o they_o concur_v unto_o the_o make_n of_o a_o sound_n be_v distinct_a either_o indeed_o or_o in_o some_o respect_n according_a to_o their_o diverse_a and_o manifoulde_v concursion_n this_o kind_n of_o sound_n be_v again_o distinguish_v some_o be_v make_v by_o allision_n as_o when_o the_o air_n move_v by_o a_o vehement_a wind_n do_v beat_v against_o a_o solid_a body_n and_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v the_o sound_n when_o the_o lung_n do_v deliver_v over_o the_o air_n or_o breath_n unto_o the_o hard_a part_n of_o the_o wrought_v artery_n which_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o wheeze_a or_o whistle_v there_o arise_v also_o another_o kind_n of_o sound_n when_o the_o air_n beat_v against_o wind_n the_o sound_n of_o wind_n other_o air_n as_o it_o be_v when_o the_o wind_n be_v high_a for_o at_o such_o time_n in_o the_o open_a field_n a_o man_n shall_v hear_v a_o whistle_a noise_n there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o sound_a rise_n from_o coition_n coition_n i_o mean_v or_o conjunction_n of_o the_o air_n as_o when_o cloth_n or_o paper_n be_v tear_v for_o then_o to_o avoid_v vacuity_n the_o part_n of_o cloth_n of_o cloth_n the_o air_n do_v sudden_o conjoin_v at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o cloth_n or_o paper_n where_o the_o first_o part_n that_o be_v drive_v be_v break_v by_o those_o which_o follow_v and_o so_o make_v a_o sound_n there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o sound_n make_v by_o extension_n of_o the_o air_n as_o when_o in_o hiss_v it_o be_v drive_v through_o the_o tooth_n final_o another_o by_o constriction_n as_o in_o a_o pipe_n or_o a_o pair_n hiss_v hiss_v of_o bellows_n or_o in_o hole_n or_o cave_n of_o the_o earth_n whereinto_o the_o wind_n drive_v the_o air_n and_o when_o it_o be_v in_o shoulder_v it_o as_o it_o be_v into_o a_o corner_n the_o difference_n of_o sound_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o resonant_a body_n be_v double_a according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o those_o body_n to_o wit_n one_o natural_a the_o other_o violent_a i_o call_v that_o natural_a which_o be_v make_v by_o such_o body_n as_o be_v able_a from_o a_o principle_n within_o themselves_o to_o make_v a_o impression_n or_o to_o give_v a_o stroke_n and_o this_o 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opinion_n by_o this_o that_o as_o the_o colour_a body_n be_v illuminate_v either_o right_o or_o oblique_o even_o so_o be_v the_o colour_n thereof_o change_v but_o have_v dispute_v this_o before_o i_o now_o pass_v it_o over_o so_o that_o it_o remain_v that_o we_o demonstrate_v and_o show_v that_o the_o colour_n the_o epicure_n reason_n that_o light_n be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n lumen_fw-la or_o splendencie_n can_v be_v the_o form_n of_o a_o colour_n but_o first_o let_v we_o hear_v the_o argument_n which_o the_o epicure_n bring_v in_o defence_n of_o their_o opinion_n they_o say_v therefore_o that_o see_v the_o faculty_n of_o see_v be_v one_o and_o simple_a therefore_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v judge_v there_o by_o proper_o and_o by_o themselves_o ought_v to_o be_v refer_v unto_o one_o primarie_n genus_fw-la and_o because_o light_n can_v be_v reduce_v unto_o colour_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o colour_n be_v reduce_v unto_o light_n but_o this_o reason_n be_v so_o absurd_a that_o it_o seem_v not_o worthy_a the_o time_n and_o labour_n of_o confutation_n especial_o because_o it_o no_o whit_n advance_v the_o certainty_n of_o that_o which_o be_v in_o controversy_n for_o they_o be_v to_o conclude_v that_o lumen_fw-la be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n yet_o nevertheless_o their_o argument_n will_v not_o stand_v for_o we_o grant_v indeed_o that_o that_o which_o be_v see_v ought_v proper_o and_o by_o itself_o to_o be_v reduce_v unto_o one_o genus_fw-la or_o head_n because_o the_o faculty_n judge_v of_o they_o be_v one_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v before_o but_o we_o deny_v that_o illumination_n can_v proper_o be_v see_v or_o that_o colour_n may_v be_v refer_v there-unto_a have_v we_o not_o convince_v by_o that_o which_o head_n all_o the_o object_n of_o sight_n ought_v to_o be_v reduce_v to_o one_o head_n go_v before_o that_o whatsoever_o be_v see_v by_o itself_o be_v a_o colour_n be_v not_o light_a and_o translucencie_n perceive_v improper_o to_o wit_n only_o as_o they_o be_v proportion_v unto_o a_o colour_n as_o we_o have_v prove_v sufficient_o and_o have_v we_o not_o demonstrate_v that_o neither_o light_n nor_o splendencie_n can_v be_v a_o colour_n how_o then_o shall_v colour_n be_v bring_v unto_o the_o nature_n of_o light_n yea_o i_o maintain_v the_o contrary_a to_o wit_n that_o illumination_n may_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v reduce_v unto_o colour_n colour_n the_o light_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o colour_n because_o it_o become_v visible_a no_o other_o way_n then_o as_o it_o obtain_v some_o proportion_n with_o colour_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n some_o do_v object_n that_o colour_n be_v say_v to_o be_v actual_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o transparent_a body_n that_o be_v not_o of_o the_o transparent_a body_n as_o it_o be_v transparent_a but_o as_o it_o be_v a_o illuminate_v transparent_a body_n because_o without_o light_a both_o the_o colour_n and_o transparent_a body_n be_v only_o in_o potentia_fw-la and_o possibility_n see_v therefore_o that_o 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the_o light_n but_o we_o have_v teach_v already_o that_o the_o whole_a essence_n of_o colour_n proceed_v from_o the_o four_o element_n moreover_o it_o can_v be_v that_o this_o light_n shall_v be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n first_o because_o the_o form_n join_v with_o the_o matter_n do_v constitute_v one_o compound_v body_n but_o light_n and_o thereof_o the_o reason_n thereof_o colour_n be_v in_o diverse_a subject_n again_o who_o ever_o say_v that_o one_o accident_n be_v the_o form_n of_o another_o but_o light_n though_o it_o be_v something_o more_o than_o a_o mere_a accident_n yet_o it_o savour_v most_o of_o a_o accident_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v the_o form_n of_o a_o colour_n last_o if_o illumination_n be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n than_o colour_n shall_v not_o differ_v in_o specie_fw-la for_o whether_o the_o light_n be_v strong_a or_o remiss_a whether_o it_o be_v direct_a or_o refract_v and_o break_v it_o be_v always_o of_o the_o same_o species_n but_o we_o see_v that_o colour_n be_v not_o only_o diverse_a but_o also_o contrary_a therefore_o light_n can_v be_v the_o form_n of_o colour_n but_o the_o epicure_n will_v make_v we_o believe_v that_o this_o variety_n of_o colour_n proceed_v from_o their_o different_a original_n and_o beginning_n which_o they_o esteem_v to_o be_v their_o matter_n sure_o a_o opinion_n unbeseeming_a one_o which_o carry_v but_o the_o name_n of_o a_o philosopher_n for_o can_v you_o take_v form_n all_o difference_n be_v take_v from_o the_o form_n the_o difference_n of_o thing_n from_o their_o matter_n know_v you_o not_o that_o the_o specifical_a difference_n of_o thing_n do_v flow_v from_o the_o form_n be_v it_o any_o matter_n which_o distinguish_v a_o man_n from_o a_o beast_n no_o but_o the_o understanding_n or_o reason_n now_o reason_n be_v the_o form_n of_o a_o man_n not_o his_o matter_n and_o this_o we_o may_v learn_v by_o mechanical_a art_n for_o the_o same_o workman_n out_o of_o the_o same_o matter_n do_v form_n both_o a_o altar_n and_o a_o image_n and_o these_o differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o not_o because_o they_o consist_v of_o a_o diverse_a matter_n but_o because_o a_o diverse_a form_n be_v give_v to_o either_o of_o they_o to_o these_o we_o will_v add_v that_o colour_n be_v another_o thing_n then_o the_o light_n for_o colour_n work_v upon_o the_o light_n touch_v the_o illuminate_v air_n as_o may_v appear_v in_o a_o looking-glass_n receyve_v colour_n bring_v unto_o it_o through_o enlighten_v air_n so_o also_o the_o greenness_n of_o tree_n and_o meadow_n do_v appear_v in_o such_o body_n as_o be_v opposite_a unto_o they_o which_o can_v not_o be_v except_o image_n how_o a_o glass_n receive_v image_n the_o colour_n shall_v work_v upon_o the_o light_n but_o who_o ever_o say_v that_o the_o thing_n form_v do_v work_v upon_o the_o form_n qvest._n xxxvi_o of_o the_o medium_fw-la or_o mean_a of_o the_o sight_n no_o man_n ever_o doubt_v whether_o the_o sight_n stand_v need_n of_o a_o mean_a but_o all_o 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there_o be_v no_o mean_a between_o the_o object_n and_o the_o organ_n i_o say_v if_o there_o be_v not_o a_o medium_fw-la which_o may_v draw_v out_o and_o receive_v the_o species_n or_o form_n it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o we_o make_v inquiry_n what_o that_o be_v which_o be_v a_o competent_a medium_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o see_v first_o it_o can_v be_v a_o body_n for_o every_o body_n be_v either_o simple_a or_o compound_n no_o bodiâ—_n be_v the_o mean_a of_o sighr_n neither_o compound_n compound_v a_o compound_n body_n it_o can_v be_v because_o all_o compound_n body_n be_v colour_v and_o by_o consequent_a be_v a_o object_n and_o not_o a_o mean_a neither_o can_v any_o of_o the_o simple_a body_n be_v account_v for_o a_o mean_a for_o they_o be_v the_o four_o element_n fire_n aire_n water_n and_o earth_n fire_n be_v no_o
medium_fw-la for_o we_o can_v see_v without_o it_o nor_o yet_o the_o air_n because_o we_o can_v see_v object_n which_o be_v in_o the_o water_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o other_o element_n be_v not_o fit_a for_o this_o function_n for_o a_o true_a mean_n must_v be_v in_o the_o midst_n between_o all_o visible_a thing_n but_o the_o element_n be_v not_o so_o no_o nor_o the_o heaven_n itself_o it_o follow_v therefore_o that_o none_o of_o these_o may_v be_v account_v for_o the_o mean_a of_o sight_n vision_n nor_o simple_a perspicuity_n be_v the_o true_a mean_a of_o vision_n it_o be_v therefore_o some_o accident_n which_o we_o must_v resolve_v upon_o to_o be_v this_o medium_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o that_o which_o we_o have_v say_v and_o all_o man_n do_v with_o one_o consent_n acknowledge_v this_o accident_n to_o be_v perspicuity_n or_o transparancy_n so_o that_o we_o need_v not_o to_o doubt_v thereof_o but_o because_o this_o transparancie_n as_o it_o be_v a_o abstracte_v and_o a_o accident_n be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o the_o performance_n of_o this_o function_n for_o that_o the_o object_n do_v require_v a_o certain_a definite_a affection_n in_o sight_n not_o perspicuity_n but_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n be_v the_o object_n of_o sight_n the_o medium_n that_o so_o they_o may_v be_v carry_v to_o the_o instrument_n whereby_o the_o consent_n and_o agreement_n may_v be_v preserve_v and_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o connexion_n and_o knit_n of_o the_o extreme_n to_o wit_n of_o the_o object_n and_o organ_n by_o the_o mean_a we_o must_v therefore_o find_v out_o what_o it_o be_v that_o do_v assist_v and_o help_v this_o perspicuity_n and_o this_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o subject_n of_o it_o so_o that_o we_o do_v not_o admit_v simple_o the_o perspicuity_n but_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n as_o it_o be_v transparent_a for_o the_o true_a mean_a of_o the_o sight_n that_o be_v not_o the_o abstract_n only_o but_o the_o whole_a concrete_a as_o it_o have_v perspicuity_n in_o it_o so_o that_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v in_o it_o both_o his_o matter_n and_o his_o form_n the_o matter_n of_o the_o transparent_a body_n be_v not_o one_o and_o the_o same_o but_o diverse_a and_o manifold_a perspicuum_fw-la the_o etimon_n of_o perspicuum_fw-la i_o say_v every_o thing_n which_o be_v pervious_a and_o may_v be_v perceive_v without_o obstacle_n or_o resistance_n for_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la seem_v to_o be_v derive_v a_o perspiciendo_fw-la or_o perceive_v as_o a_o transparent_a body_n a_o transparendo_fw-la because_o all_o thing_n do_v transpare_v and_o appear_v through_o it_o it_o be_v therefore_o nothing_o else_o but_o a_o kind_n of_o substance_n not_o crass_a nor_o dense_a but_o thin_a rare_a and_o subtle_a and_o especial_o apt_a and_o fit_a to_o receive_v the_o ilumination_n and_o the_o colour_n of_o other_o thing_n as_o be_v the_o air_n and_o water_n and_o also_o many_o other_o solid_a body_n as_o glass_n ice_n and_o such_o like_a as_o the_o philosopher_n witness_v in_o the_o 68_o text_n of_o his_o 2._o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la qvest._n xxxvii_o whether_o light_n be_v the_o form_n of_o that_o which_o be_v perspicuous_a we_o have_v teach_v before_o that_o illumination_n be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n light_n whether_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la perish_v with_o the_o light_n but_o because_o the_o light_n do_v very_o easy_o recede_v and_o go_v away_o so_o that_o darkness_n do_v succeed_v and_o easy_o return_v it_o may_v worthy_o be_v call_v in_o question_n whether_o at_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o light_a the_o perspicuous_a body_n do_v also_o perish_v and_o cease_v to_o be_v and_o be_v again_o generate_v with_o the_o return_n of_o the_o light_n or_o illumination_n for_o my_o own_o part_n that_o i_o may_v speak_v ingenious_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o it_o be_v not_o corrupt_v whole_o but_o only_o after_o a_o sort_n seem_v to_o perish_v for_o whatsoever_o be_v deprive_v of_o his_o essential_a form_n be_v say_v to_o perish_v it_o seem_v therefore_o that_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n may_v be_v say_v to_o perish_v when_o at_o the_o recede_a of_o the_o light_a darkness_n do_v ensue_v which_o darkness_n be_v dark_a the_o perspicuum_fw-la be_v potential_a in_o the_o dark_a a_o privation_n of_o that_o light_n which_o be_v the_o essential_a form_n of_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la i_o speak_v of_o a_o body_n actual_o perspicuous_a because_o the_o action_n or_o if_o i_o may_v so_o say_v the_o actuality_n of_o it_o cease_v when_o the_o light_n fade_v yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o remain_v in_o potentia_fw-la or_o in_o possibility_n for_o the_o enlighten_v do_v not_o induce_v any_o subtlety_n or_o tenuity_n of_o the_o substance_n and_o whatsoever_o be_v thus_o perspicuous_a be_v also_o potential_o perspicuous_a in_o the_o very_a dark_a for_o sometime_o darkness_n sometime_o light_n be_v in_o perspicuous_a body_n as_o aristotle_n say_v in_o the_o 69._o text_n of_o the_o 2._o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la where_o he_o define_v a_o potential_a perspicuous_a body_n but_o there_o be_v yet_o another_o doubt_n of_o great_a weight_n for_o because_o the_o light_n be_v a_o accident_n to_o wit_n a_o quality_n proceed_v from_o the_o lucide_n body_n how_o can_v it_o be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n in_o regard_n that_o to_o be_v a_o form_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v peculiar_a to_o a_o substance_n resolve_v a_o doubt_v resolve_v how_o then_o can_v that_o give_v any_o essence_n or_o be_v to_o another_o which_o have_v no_o essence_n at_o all_o of_o it_o own_o for_o the_o light_n have_v no_o be_v of_o itself_o but_o do_v perpetual_o depend_v upon_o the_o lucid_a body_n and_o therefore_o how_o shall_v it_o give_v a_o essence_n to_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o answer_n answer_n the_o light_n may_v be_v call_v a_o quality_n of_o a_o lucide_n body_n yet_o i_o deny_v that_o it_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o mere_a accident_n for_o all_o accident_n have_v their_o be_v in_o some_o subject_n and_o out_o of_o the_o same_o be_v nothing_o but_o illumination_n though_o it_o do_v depend_v perpetual_o upon_o some_o lucide_n body_n another_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o accident_n be_v in_o another_o yet_o it_o do_v exist_v out_o of_o it_o and_o do_v only_o in_o respect_n differ_v from_o that_o lux_fw-la which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o fountain_n of_o it_o as_o before_o we_o have_v show_v and_o we_o see_v that_o this_o illumination_n be_v diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a hemisphere_n which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a accident_n &_o accident_n light_n be_v not_o a_o mere_a accident_n have_v no_o proper_a essence_n of_o it_o own_o for_o no_o accident_n do_v spread_v so_o far_o from_o his_o original_a or_o subject_a we_o say_v therefore_o that_o lumen_fw-la out_o of_o the_o lucide_n body_n have_v a_o certain_a proper_a be_v of_o his_o own_o and_o in_o that_o regard_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la or_o transparent_a body_n for_o which_o cause_n some_o call_v it_o the_o imitation_n or_o resemblance_n of_o a_o lucide_n body_n in_o a_o perspicuous_a medium_n quality_n how_o the_o light_n be_v a_o quality_n but_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o lucide_n body_n and_o do_v depend_v upon_o it_o as_o upon_o his_o original_n it_o be_v not_o without_o some_o reason_n call_v a_o quality_n of_o the_o same_o lucide_n body_n but_o some_o argue_n against_o this_o on_o this_o manner_n that_o the_o light_n can_v be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o perspicuum_fw-la because_o it_o also_o receive_v the_o darkness_n into_o it_o if_o therefore_o illumination_n be_v the_o objection_n objection_n form_n of_o it_o then_o that_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o it_o to_o wit_n darkness_n will_v in_o like_a manner_n supply_v the_o place_n of_o a_o form_n and_o so_o one_o thing_n will_v have_v two_o form_n but_o the_o consequence_n be_v false_a for_o though_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n do_v receive_v as_o well_o darkness_n as_o light_n yet_o not_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n for_o it_o receive_v the_o one_o as_o his_o form_n he_o other_o solution_n solution_n as_o the_o privation_n of_o that_o form_n light_v as_o his_o act_n and_o darkness_n as_o the_o privation_n of_o that_o act._n for_o darkness_n be_v not_o contrary_a to_o light_v but_o a_o privation_n of_o it_o and_o indeed_o no_o other_o thing_n be_v what_o darkness_n be_v but_o a_o absence_n of_o light_n from_o a_o subject_n which_o be_v fit_a for_o illumination_n but_o avicen_n say_v that_o the_o light_n be_v not_o receive_v in_o a_o perspicuous_a but_o in_o a_o dark_a body_n and_o opinion_n auicens_fw-la opinion_n colour_a which_o body_n when_o it_o be_v outward_o illustrate_v than_o he_o think_v that_o the_o perspicuous_a body_n be_v illuminate_v and_o he_o will_v have_v this_o perspicuity_n to_o note_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o privation_n of_o that_o