Selected quad for the lemma: earth_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
earth_n	agree_v	climate_n	zone_n	15	3	13.6311	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A18028	Geographie delineated forth in two bookes Containing the sphericall and topicall parts thereof, by Nathanael Carpenter, Fellow of Exceter Colledge in Oxford.	Carpenter, Nathanael, 1589-1628?	1635 (1635)	STC 4677; ESTC S107604	387,148	599

find_v it_o betwixt_o the_o two_o tropic_n we_o may_v without_o doubt_n think_v it_o to_o be_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n if_o betwixt_o the_o tropic_n circle_n and_o the_o polar_a it_o will_v be_v in_o the_o temperate_a if_o betwixt_o the_o polar_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n itself_o it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o cold_a zone_n by_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n it_o may_v be_v find_v this_o way_n seek_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n give_v in_o the_o table_n which_o if_o it_o be_v less_o than_o 23_o degree_n 30_o scruple_n the_o place_n be_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n if_o precise_o it_o be_v so_o much_o in_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n the_o place_n assign_v be_v under_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n which_o be_v the_o bind_v betwixt_o the_o torrid_a and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o northern_a temperate_a zone_n but_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o southern_a hemisphere_n it_o will_v be_v under_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n which_o end_v the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o begin_v the_o south_n temperate_a zone_n every_o place_n have_v more_o latitude_n than_o 23_o degree_n 30_o scruple_n yet_o less_o than_o 66_o degree_n 30_o minute_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n either_o northern_a or_o southern_a as_o the_o place_n be_v in_o the_o hemisphere_n if_o the_o place_n be_v precise_o of_o 66_o degree_n 30_o minute_n it_o will_v be_v just_o find_v to_o be_v under_o the_o polar_a circle_n either_o arctic_a or_o antarcticke_a final_o every_o place_n who_o latitude_n exceed_v the_o number_n of_o 66_o degree_n 30_o minute_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o cold_a zone_n either_o southern_a or_o northern_a if_o it_o reach_v just_a to_o 90_o degree_n it_o will_v be_v just_a under_o the_o pole_n itself_o 9_o of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n by_o zone_n we_o have_v speak_v we_o must_v in_o the_o next_o place_n deliver_v the_o distinction_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o climate_n 10_o a_o climate_n be_v a_o space_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v betwixt_o two_o parallel_n distant_a from_o the_o equatour_n towards_o either_o pole_n climate_n be_v so_o call_v because_o of_o their_o declaration_n from_o equatour_n for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v account_v as_o so_o many_o scale_n of_o ascent_n to_o or_o from_o the_o equatour_n some_o have_v define_v it_o from_o the_o use_n which_o be_v chief_o to_o distinguish_v the_o long_a time_n of_o the_o artificial_a day_n because_o at_o the_o point_n of_o every_o climate_n true_o take_v the_o long_a day_n be_v vary_v half_o a_o hour_n although_o this_o account_n agree_v not_o altogether_o with_o ptolemy_n and_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n before_o he_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o this_o distinction_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n into_o climate_n be_v somewhat_o a_o more_o subtle_a distinction_n than_o the_o former_a by_o zone_n for_o as_o much_o as_o that_o be_v make_v by_o the_o combination_n of_o such_o parallel_n as_o be_v principal_o name_v and_o of_o chief_a note_n as_o the_o tropic_n and_o polar_a circle_n but_o this_o indifferent_o respect_v all_o without_o difference_n this_o first_o beginning_n and_o measure_n as_o well_o of_o this_o as_o all_o other_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o equatour_n for_o that_o which_o be_v most_o perfect_a and_o absolute_a in_o every_o kind_a aught_o to_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o other_o but_o yet_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o although_o we_o begin_v our_o account_n of_o the_o climate_n from_o the_o equatour_n yet_o the_o equatour_n itself_o make_v no_o climate_n but_o only_o the_o parallel_n which_o be_v thereunto_o correspondent_a for_o as_o it_o be_v before_o show_v under_o the_o equatour_n itself_o the_o artificial_a day_n be_v all_o equal_a in_o length_n contain_v only_o twelve_o hour_n wherefore_o beginning_n from_o the_o equatour_n betwixt_o that_o and_o the_o three_o parallel_n we_o count_v the_o first_o climate_n from_o the_o three_o to_o the_o six_o the_o second_o climate_n and_o so_o all_o the_o rest_n make_v the_o number_n of_o the_o climate_n double_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o parallel_n so_o that_o one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o parallel_n which_o be_v the_o end_n and_o bind_v of_o one_o climate_n be_v the_o begin_n of_o the_o next_o whence_o we_o see_v that_o to_o the_o constitution_n of_o every_o climate_n three_o parallel_n concur_v whereof_o two_o be_v extreme_a comprehend_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o say_a climate_n and_o one_o divide_v it_o just_a in_o the_o midst_n a_o parallel_n therefore_o differ_v from_o a_o climate_n as_o a_o part_n from_o the_o whole_a be_v one_o circle_n correspondent_a to_o the_o equatour_n whereas_o a_o climate_n be_v a_o space_n contain_v in_o three_o parallel_n second_o as_o a_o parallel_n be_v conceive_v to_o add_v to_o the_o artificial_a day_n one_o quarter_n or_o four_o part_n of_o a_o hour_n so_o a_o climate_n make_v half_o a_o hour_n so_o that_o by_o how_o much_o any_o climate_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o equatour_n by_o so_o many_o half_a hour_n the_o long_a day_n of_o that_o climate_n go_v beyond_o the_o long_a day_n of_o the_o place_n under_o the_o equatour_n these_o climate_n therefore_o can_v be_v all_o of_o one_o equal_a quantity_n because_o the_o equatour_n be_v a_o great_a circle_n and_o comprehend_v the_o great_a space_n in_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o these_o climate_n near_o the_o equatour_n be_v make_v by_o the_o combination_n of_o great_a circle_n be_v great_a than_o those_o near_a the_o pole_n but_o because_o all_o climate_n be_v make_v by_o the_o combination_n of_o parallel_n we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o parallel_n to_o be_v know_v in_o cosmographie_n the_o first_o be_v those_o which_o do_v distinguish_v the_o latitude_n of_o place_n take_v their_o beginning_n from_o the_o equatour_n and_o be_v in_o a_o ordinary_a globe_n of_o map_n distinguish_v sometime_o by_o 10_o sometime_o by_o 15_o degree_n the_o second_o kind_n of_o parallel_n be_v those_o that_o make_v the_o zone_n which_o be_v indeed_o some_o special_a name_v parallel_n as_o the_o tropic_n and_o the_o polar_a circle_n the_o three_o sort_n be_v call_v artificial_a parallel_n because_o they_o show_v the_o distance_n of_o artificial_a day_n and_o night_n which_o be_v common_o note_v in_o the_o margin_n of_o a_o geographical_a map_n which_o last_o sort_n of_o parallel_n be_v here_o chief_o to_o be_v understand_v 1_o the_o zone_n and_o climate_n agree_v in_o form_n but_o differ_v in_o greatness_n number_n and_o office_n the_o climate_n be_v so_o call_v as_o we_o have_v say_v because_o they_o decline_v from_o the_o equatour_n and_o be_v space_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v two_o parallel_n in_o which_o the_o long_a day_n be_v vary_v by_o half_a a_o hour_n these_o agree_v with_o the_o zone_n in_o some_o sort_n for_o both_o of_o they_o be_v spread_v by_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o parallel_n circle_n compass_v it_o about_o as_o so_o many_o girdle_n nevertheless_o they_o differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o 1._o in_o greatness_n because_o the_o zone_n be_v great_a the_o climate_n lesser_a space_n in_o the_o earth_n 2._o in_o number_n because_o there_o be_v only_o five_o zone_n but_o many_o more_o climate_n 3._o in_o office_n use_n and_o effect_n because_o the_o zone_n be_v to_o distinguish_v the_o mutation_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o air_n and_o shadow_n according_a to_o diverse_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o climate_n be_v use_v to_o show_v the_o great_a difference_n of_o hour_n in_o the_o day_n to_o show_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n for_o place_n under_o the_o same_o climate_n have_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o day_n and_o night_n the_o same_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n whereas_o place_n seat_v under_o diverse_a climate_n have_v a_o great_a variation_n in_o the_o day_n and_o night_n and_o a_o diverse_a rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n for_o as_o often_o as_o the_o long_a or_o solsticiall_a day_n of_o one_o place_n differ_v from_o the_o long_a day_n of_o another_o by_o the_o space_n of_o half_a a_o hour_n a_o new_a climate_n be_v place_v wherefore_o under_o the_o equatour_n or_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o day_n be_v always_o equal_a to_o wit_n of_o 12_o hour_n which_o beginning_n from_o the_o equatour_n if_o we_o approach_v towards_o either_o pole_n so_o far_o as_o the_o great_a artificial_a day_n amount_v to_o 12_o ½_o we_o may_v assure_v ourselves_o that_o we_o be_v come_v to_o the_o first_o climate_n and_o so_o forward_o still_o the_o great_a day_n of_o our_o climate_n will_v by_o so_o much_o exceed_v the_o great_a day_n of_o the_o other_o as_o the_o climate_n differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o

geographie_n delineate_v forth_o in_o two_o book_n contain_v the_o spherical_a and_o topical_a part_n thereof_o by_o nathanael_n carpenter_n fellow_n of_o exeter_n college_n in_o oxford_n the_o second_o edition_n correct_v ecclesiast_n 1._o one_o generation_n come_v and_o another_o go_v but_o the_o earth_n remain_v for_o ever_o oxford_z print_v by_o john_n lichfield_n for_o henry_n cripps_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o henry_n curteyne_a anno_fw-la domini_fw-la m._n dc_o xxxv_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a william_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n lord_n chamberlaine_n to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n knight_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o chancellor_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n right_o honourable_a this_o poor_a infant_n of_o i_o which_o i_o now_o offer_v to_o your_o honourable_a acceptance_n be_v consecrate_v you_o in_o the_o first_o conception_n if_o the_o hasty_a desire_n i_o have_v to_o present_v it_o make_v it_o as_o a_o abortive_a brat_n seem_v unworthy_a my_o first_o wish_n and_o your_o favourable_a patronage_n impute_v it_o i_o beseech_v you_o not_o to_o self-will_a but_o duty_n which_o will_v rather_o show_v herself_o too_o officious_a then_o negligent_a what_o i_o now_o dedicate_v rather_o to_o your_o honour_n than_o my_o own_o ambition_n i_o desire_v no_o far_o to_o be_v account_v i_o than_o your_o generous_a approbation_n wish_v it_o no_o other_o fate_n then_o either_o to_o die_v with_o your_o dislike_n or_o live_v with_o your_o name_n and_o memory_n the_o general_a acclamation_n of_o the_o learned_a of_o this_o age_n acknowledge_v with_o all_o thankful_a duty_n as_o well_o your_o love_n to_o learning_n as_o zeal_n to_o religion_n have_v long_o since_o stamp_v i_o you_o this_o arrogant_a desire_n of_o i_o ground_v more_o on_o your_o heroic_a virtue_n than_o my_o private_a end_n promise_v i_o more_o in_o your_o honourable_a estimation_n than_o some_o other_o in_o your_o greatness_n the_o expression_n of_o myself_o in_o these_o faculty_n beside_o my_o profession_n indebt_v more_o to_o love_n than_o ability_n set_v my_o ambition_n a_o pinch_n high_o than_o my_o nature_n but_o such_o be_v the_o magnificent_a splendour_n of_o your_o countenance_n which_o may_v easy_o lend_v your_o poor_a servant_n so_o much_o light_n as_o to_o lead_v he_o out_o of_o darkness_n and_o as_o the_o sun_n reflect_v on_o the_o base_a earth_n at_o once_o both_o view_n and_o guild_v his_o imperfection_n my_o language_n and_o formality_n i_o owe_v not_o to_o the_o court_n but_o university_n whereof_o i_o can_v but_o expect_v your_o honour_n to_o be_v a_o impartial_a umpire_n be_v a_o most_o vigorous_a member_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o head_n of_o the_o other_o corporation_n if_o these_o fruit_n of_o my_o labour_n purchase_v so_o much_o as_o your_o honour_n least_o approbabation_n i_o shall_v hold_v my_o wish_n even_o accomplish_v in_o their_o end_n and_o desire_v only_a to_o be_v think_v so_o worthy_a in_o your_o honourable_a esteem_n as_o to_o live_v and_o die_v your_o honour_n in_o all_o duty_n and_o service_n to_o be_v command_v nathanael_n carpenter_n the_o analysis_n of_o the_o first_o book_n geography_n who_o object_n be_v the_o whole_a earth_n be_v either_o spherical_a which_o be_v twofold_a either_o primary_n which_o consider_v the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n either_o as_o it_o be_v natural_a wherein_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v two_o thing_n the_o principle_n whereof_o it_o consist_v to_o wit_n matter_n and_o form_n chapter_n 1._o propriety_n arise_v out_o of_o they_o which_o again_o be_v either_o real_a such_o as_o be_v assign_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o which_o be_v either_o elementary_a as_o the_o conformity_n of_o all_o the_o part_n concur_v to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o sphere_n chapter_n 2._o magnetical_a which_o be_v either_o partial_a as_o the_o coition_n direction_n variation_n declination_n chap._n 3._o totall_n as_o the_o verticity_n and_o revolution_n chap._n 4._o heaven_n wherein_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o site_n stability_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n chap._n 5._o imaginary_a such_o as_o be_v the_o circle_n and_o lineament_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o who_o invention_n and_o expression_n chap._n 6._o artificial_a in_o the_o artificial_a sphere_n represent_v the_o natural_a unto_o we_o which_o be_v either_o common_a or_o magnetical_a chap._n 7._o secondary_a which_o handle_v such_o matter_n in_o the_o sphere_n as_o secondary_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o first_o such_o be_v measure_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o diverse_a manner_n of_o invention_n chap._n 8._o distinction_n which_o be_v either_o space_n consider_v simple_o in_o themselves_o in_o which_o sort_n they_o be_v divide_v into_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n chap._n 9_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o suffer_v manifold_a distinction_n chap._n 10._o distance_n which_o be_v either_o simple_a wherein_o be_v consider_v the_o longitude_n &_o latitude_n of_o place_n chap._n 11._o comparative_a wherein_o two_o place_n differ_v either_o in_o longitude_n or_o latitude_n or_o both_o be_v consider_v chap._n 12._o topical_a libro_fw-la 2o._o of_o the_o special_a content_n of_o each_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o book_n according_a to_o the_o several_a theorem_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o matter_n and_o form_n 1_o in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v more_o earth_n than_o water_n pag._n 8_o 2_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n together_o make_v one_o sphere_n pag._n 10_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o conformity_n of_o part_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o the_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n do_v natural_o conform_v and_o dispose_v themselves_o as_o well_o to_o the_o production_n and_o generation_n as_o to_o the_o continuance_n and_o preservation_n of_o it_o pag._n 14_o 2_o all_o earthly_a body_n incline_v and_o approach_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v 16_o 3_o of_o two_o heavy_a body_n strive_v for_o the_o same_o place_n that_o always_o prevail_v which_o be_v heavy_a 22_o 4_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o earth_n enjoy_v the_o low_a place_n the_o next_o the_o water_n and_o the_o last_o the_o air_n ibid._n 5_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o a_o attractive_a but_o a_o mere_a respective_a point_n 25._o 6_o the_o same_o point_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o magnitude_n and_o weight_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 26_o 7_o every_o point_n or_o centre_n of_o a_o weighty_a body_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n by_o a_o right_a line_n 27_o 8_o a_o heavy_a point_n move_v towards_o the_o centre_n will_v move_v fast_o in_o the_o end_n then_o in_o the_o beginning_n 28_o 9_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o magnitude_n towards_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o mere_o natural_a but_o mix_v with_o a_o violent_a motion_n 29_o 10_o the_o line_n wherein_o the_o centre_n of_o two_o heavy_a body_n be_v move_v downeward_o be_v continue_v will_v meet_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n 31_o 11_o two_o heavy_a body_n of_o the_o same_o figure_n and_o matter_n whether_o equal_a or_o unequal_a will_v in_o a_o equal_a time_n move_v in_o a_o equal_a space_n 32_o 12_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v round_o and_o spherical_a 33_o 13_o the_o rugged_a and_o unequal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n hinder_v not_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o it_o 36_o 14_o the_o water_n concur_v with_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o globe_n be_v also_o spherical_a 38_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o partial_a magnetical_a affection_n in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v of_o a_o magnetical_a nature_n and_o disposition_n pag._n 46_o 2_o the_o magnetical_a motion_n be_v excite_v in_o a_o small_a and_o unperceivable_a difference_n of_o time_n 49_o 3_o the_o motive_n quality_n be_v spread_v spherical_o through_o every_o part_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n 49_o 4_o the_o motive_n quality_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n in_o other_o part_n so_o much_o the_o strong_a by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v situate_v near_o the_o pole_n 50_o 5_o magnetical_a body_n move_v not_o uncertain_o but_o have_v their_o motion_n direct_v and_o conform_v to_o certain_a bound_n 52_o 6_o the_o magnet_n communicate_v his_o virtue_n to_o iron_n or_o steel_n if_o it_o be_v touch_v with_o it_o 55_o 7_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n 56_o 8_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o loadstone_n turn_v to_o the_o north_n and_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n 57_o 9_o the_o contrary_a motion_n in_o magnet_n be_v the_o just_a confluxe_n and_o conformity_n of_o such_o body_n to_o magnetical_a union_n 59_o 10_o if_o any_o part_n southward_a of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v tear_v away_o or_o diminish_v so_o much_o

shall_v also_o be_v diminish_v of_o the_o north_n part_n 50_o 11_o the_o magnetical_a variation_n have_v no_o certain_a pole_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n 63_o 12_o the_o point_n of_o variation_n as_o of_o direction_n be_v only_o respective_a not_o attractive_a 65_o 13._o the_o variation_n of_o every_o place_n be_v constant_a not_o variable_a 66_o 14_o the_o variation_n be_v great_a in_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n ibid._n 15_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o latitude_n not_o in_o equality_n of_o degree_n but_o in_o proportion_n 69_o 16_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n be_v cause_v not_o of_o the_o attractive_a but_o of_o the_o disponent_fw-la and_o conuersive_a virtue_n of_o the_o earth_n 70_o 17_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n have_v a_o variation_n 71_o chap._n iv._o of_o the_o total_a motion_n magnetical_a 1_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o her_o magnetical_a vigour_n be_v most_o firm_o seat_v on_o her_o axle_n who_o end_n or_o pole_n respect_v always_o the_o same_o point_n in_o the_o heaven_n without_o alteration_n 72_o 2_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n have_v a_o circular_a motion_n 76_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o site_n stability_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n 99_o 2_o the_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n may_v be_v reconcile_v as_o well_o with_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o apparence_n of_o the_o heaven_n 110_o 3_o the_o earth_n be_v firm_o seat_v and_o settle_v in_o her_o proper_a place_n 115_o 4_o the_o earthly_a globe_n compare_v in_o quantity_n with_o the_o firmament_n &_o supreme_a orb_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n 118_o 5_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n compare_v with_o the_o inferior_a orb_n have_v a_o sensible_a magnitude_n 121_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a spheare·_n 1_o a_o circle_n though_o imaginary_a in_o itself_o have_v his_o ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 123_o 2_o the_o distinction_n of_o a_o circle_n into_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o part_n have_v no_o certain_a ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n but_o only_o in_o conveniency_n 124_o 3_o by_o astronomical_a observation_n to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n 127_o 4_o to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n magnetical_o 129_o 5_o by_o the_o incision_n of_o a_o tree_n the_o meridian_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 131_o 6_o the_o meridian_n be_v find_v to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n 137_o 7_o without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o meridian_n to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n 138_o 8_o to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n magnetical_o 138_o 9_o the_o equatour_n be_v a_o unmoveable_a circle_n who_o pole_n never_o vary_v from_o the_o fixt-pole_n of_o the_o earth_n 140_o 10_o how_o to_o know_v the_o number_n of_o degree_n in_o a_o lesser_a circle_n answerable_a to_o the_o great_a 147_o 11_o the_o sensible_a and_o rational_a horizon_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v much_o different_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n all_o one_o 151_o 12_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n may_v be_v great_a or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o place_n 153_o 13_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v so_o place_v on_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o may_v behold_v the_o whole_a hemisphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o yet_o no_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 154_o 14_o from_o the_o horizontall_a circle_n be_v reckon_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o any_o place_n assign_v 155_o 15_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o horizon_n for_o any_o place_n assign_v 156_o 16_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o horizontall_a plain_a 157_o 17_o the_o distinction_n of_o orison_n ibid._n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o artificial_a representation_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o of_o the_o part_n whereof_o the_o globe_n be_v geographical_o compound_v 163_o 2_o the_o use_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n be_v to_o express_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o have_v a_o diverse_a situation_n as_o well_o one_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o as_o the_o heaven_n 166_o 3_o of_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n ibid._n 4_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o fabric_n of_o the_o artificial_a plain_a chart._n 168_o 5_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o fabric_n of_o the_o geographical_a planispheare_n with_o their_o several_a distinction_n 175_o 6_o of_o the_o magnetical_a terrella_n 182_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o the_o common_a measure_n by_o which_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v know_v be_v mile_n and_o furlong_n 187_o 2_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n 188_o 3_o by_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o observation_n of_o a_o eclipse_n or_o some_o know_a star_n the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v know_v 189_o 4_o by_o observation_n of_o the_o noone-shadowe_n the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 190_o 5_o the_o opinion_n of_o cosmographer_n concern_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v diverse_a which_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o their_o error_n in_o observe_v the_o distance_n of_o place_n experimental_o according_a to_o miles_n furlong_n and_o such_o like_a measure_n 192_o 6_o how_o by_o the_o know_a height_n of_o some_o mountain_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 197_o 7_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o plain_a and_o convey_v superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n 198_o 8_o of_o the_o number_n of_o square_a mile_n contain_v in_o the_o earth_n 200_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n 1_o of_o the_o temperate_a and_o untemperate_a zone_n 204_o 2_o the_o t●rride_a zone_n be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o next_o be_v the_o two_o temperate_a the_o cold_a zone_n be_v the_o least_o of_o all_o 207_o 3_o the_o zone_n wherein_o any_o place_n be_v seat_v may_v be_v know_v either_o by_o the_o globe_n or_o geographical_a table_n or_o else_o by_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n 208_o 4_o the_o zone_n and_o climate_n agree_v in_o form_n but_o differ_v in_o greatness_n number_n and_o office_n 211_o 5_o the_o i●●ention_n compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o be_v not_o all_o of_o the_o same_o greatness_n 212_o 6_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o climate_n ibid._n 7_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o climate_n 213_o 8_o of_o the_o diversity_n betwixt_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a geographer_n concern_v the_o place_n and_o number_n of_o the_o climate_n 214_o 9_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o parallel_n for_o each_o place_n 217_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o right_n oblique_a and_o parallel_n sphere_n with_o their_o property_n and_o distinction_n 220_o 2_o of_o the_o amphi●cij_n hetero●cij_fw-la &_o periscij_fw-la with_o their_o properperty_n 226_o 3_o of_o the_o perioecj_n antoe●j_n and_o antipode_n with_o their_o accident_n 228_o 4_o how_o the_o perioecj_n antecj_n and_o antipode_n be_v distinguish_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o celestial_a apparence_n 231_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n 1_o place_n enjoy_v the_o same_o longitude_n be_v not_o always_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o first_o meridian_n and_o contrariwise_o 235_o 2_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n beget_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n 235_o 3_o of_o the_o lose_n or_o get_v of_o a_o day_n in_o the_o whole_a year_n in_o a_o voyage_n about_o the_o earthly_a globe_n 236_o 4_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n 240_o 5_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o a_o clock_n watch_n or_o hourglass_n 242_o 6_o by_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o some_o know_a star_n to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n 243_o 7_o by_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n motion_n to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n 246_o 8_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n 247_o 9_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o latitude_n 249_o 10_o by_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o find_v out_o the_o latitude_n 249_o 11_o by_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o a_o know_a star_n to_o know_v the_o latitude_n 250_o 12_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o latitude_n on_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n 252_o 13_o of_o the_o magnetical_a expression_n of_o the_o latitude_n 252_o chap._n xii_o of_o distance_n of_o place_n compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o 1_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o distance_n in_o longitude_n of_o two_o place_n under_o the_o equatour_n in_o the_o same_o hemisphere_n 254_o 2_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o

the_o supperficies_n to_o be_v first_o know_v both_o way_n shall_v be_v express_v in_o these_o proposition_n 1_o if_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sphere_n be_v multiply_v into_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o conuex_n superficies_n of_o the_o say_a sphere_n there_o will_v arise_v the_o whole_a solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o geometrician_n for_o a_o solid_a rectangle_n comprehend_v of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sphere_n and_o the_o three_o of_o the_o convex_a superficies_n of_o it_o will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o sphere_n itself_o as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v 40090_o 10_o 11_o furlong_n be_v multiply_v by_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o conuex_n superficies_n contain_v to_o wit_n 67352727_o 3_o 11_o there_o will_v arise_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o will_v contain_v 27002-3_a 06611570_o 3_o 11_o cubic_n furlong_n that_o be_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v comprehend_v so_o many_o cube_n cantain_v every_o side_n so_o many_o furlong_n as_o there_o be_v unity_n in_o the_o say_a number_n for_o the_o areae_fw-la or_o space_n comprehend_v of_o solid_a figure_n be_v measure_v by_o the_o cube_n of_o those_o line_n by_o who_o square_n the_o conuexe_n superficies_n of_o those_o line_n be_v measure_v 2_o if_o the_o great_a circle_n be_v multiply_v by_o ⅔_n of_o the_o whole_a diameter_n the_o product_n will_v show_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o sphere_n this_o way_n be_v also_o demonstrate_v by_o clavius_n in_o the_o same_o tract_n of_o measure_v magnitude_n it_o may_v arithmetical_o be_v deduce_v in_o this_o sort_n if_o any_o sphere_n whatsoever_o have_v a_o diameter_n of_o 14_o palm_n and_o shall_v be_v multiply_v by_o 3_o 1_o 7_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n contain_v it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v 44_o who_o half_o be_v 22_o if_o it_o be_v multiply_v into_o the_o semidiameter_n 7_o there_o will_v arise_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n 154_o which_o number_n if_o we_o multiply_v by_o two_o three_o part_n of_o the_o diameter_n that_o be_v by_o 9⅓_n there_o will_v be_v produce_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o say_a sphere_n to_o wit_n consist_v of_o 1437_o ⅔_n cubic_n palm_n in_o the_o like_a sort_n may_v we_o work_v by_o mile_n or_o furlong_n in_o measure_v the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n which_o be_v a_o more_o convenient_a measure_n for_o the_o massy_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n 1_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o have_v treat_v in_o our_o former_a chapter_n in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o must_v speak_v of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n which_o be_v either_o in_o regard_n of_o space_n or_o distance_n 2_o space_n be_v portion_n in_o the_o sphere_n bound_v by_o the_o parallel_n circle_n such_o as_o be_v the_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n 3_o these_o be_v again_o consider_v two_o way_n either_o in_o themselves_o or_o else_o in_o their_o adjunct_n or_o inhabitant_n belong_v to_o they_o 4_o a_o zone_n be_v a_o space_n include_v betwixt_o two_o lesser_a and_o name_v circle_n or_o else_o betwixt_o a_o lesser_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n the_o space_n into_o which_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v divide_v be_v either_o great_a or_o lesser_a the_o great_a be_v a_o hemisphere_n which_o arise_v out_o of_o one_o only_a circle_n by_o itself_o without_o the_o combination_n of_o more_o such_o be_v chief_o of_o three_o sort_n the_o first_o be_v make_v by_o the_o equatour_n which_o divide_v the_o whole_a globe_n into_o the_o north_n and_o the_o south_n hemisphere_n the_o second_o be_v of_o the_o meridian_n who_o office_n it_o be_v to_o part_v the_o earth_n into_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a hemisphere_n the_o three_o of_o the_o horizon_n which_o divide_v the_o sphere_n into_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a half_n but_o these_o part_n arise_v as_o i_o say_v out_o of_o one_o only_a circle_n be_v handle_v before_o with_o the_o circle_n themselves_o in_o this_o place_n we_o be_v to_o speak_v of_o such_o part_n as_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o combination_n and_o respect_n of_o circle_n one_o with_o another_o such_o as_o be_v the_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n a_o zone_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o girdle_n or_o band_n because_o by_o it_o the_o space_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v as_o it_o be_v with_o large_a band_n compass_v about_o the_o grecian_n have_v sometime_o give_v this_o name_n zone_n to_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o planet_n as_o theon_n alexandrinus_n in_o his_o comment_n on_o aratus_n in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o be_v say_v he_o in_o the_o heaven_n seven_o zone_n not_o contorminate_a with_o the_o zodiac_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v possess_v by_o saturn_n the_o second_o by_o jupiter_n etc._n etc._n but_o this_o acception_n of_o the_o name_n be_v far_o off_o from_o our_o purpose_n the_o name_n zone_n as_o it_o be_v with_o we_o in_o use_n be_v by_o the_o latin_a poet_n render_v sometime_o facia_n sometime_o plaga_fw-la both_o signify_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o thing_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o a_o space_n comprehend_v within_o two_o name_v and_o lesser_a parallel_n or_o at_o least_o betwixt_o such_o a_o parallel_n and_o the_o pole_n itself_o because_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o zone_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n these_o zone_n be_v in_o number_n five_o which_o division_n have_v be_v familiar_a with_o our_o latin_a poet_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o these_o verse_n of_o virgil._n quinque_fw-la tenent_fw-la coelum_fw-la zonae_fw-la quarum_fw-la una_fw-la corusco_fw-la semper_fw-la sole_fw-la rubens_fw-la &_o torrida_fw-la semper_fw-la ab_fw-la igne_fw-la quam_fw-la circum_fw-la extremae_fw-la dextrâ_fw-la laeuáque_fw-la trahuntur_fw-la caerule_n â_fw-la glacie_n concretae_fw-la atque_fw-la imbribus_fw-la atris_fw-la have_v inter_fw-la mediamque_fw-la dvae_fw-la mortalibus_fw-la aegris_fw-la munere_fw-la concessae_fw-la diuûm_fw-la etc._n etc._n five_o zone_n engird_v the_o sky_n whereof_o one_o fry_v with_o fiery_a sunbeam_n and_o all_o scorch_a lie_n about_o which_o the_o far_a off_o on_o either_o hand_n the_o blew-eyed_n ice_n and_o brackish_a shower_n command_v betwixt_o these_o two_o and_o the_o midst_n the_o god_n do_v give_v a_o wholesome_a place_n for_o wretched_a man_n to_o live_v which_o description_n of_o virgil_n little_o differ_v from_o that_o we_o find_v in_o ovid_n in_o these_o verse_n duae_fw-la dextrâ_fw-la coelum_fw-la totidemque_fw-la sinistrâ_fw-la parte_fw-la secant_fw-la zonae_fw-la quinta_fw-la est_fw-la ardentior_fw-la illis_fw-la sic_fw-la onus_fw-la inclusum_fw-la numero_fw-la distinxit_fw-la eodem_fw-la cura_fw-la dei_fw-la totidemque_fw-la plagae_fw-la tellure_n premuntur_fw-la quarum_fw-la quae_fw-la media_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la habitabilis_fw-la aestu_fw-la nix_n ●egit_fw-la alta_fw-la dvas_fw-la totidem_fw-la inter_fw-la utramque_fw-la locavit_fw-la temperiemque_fw-la dedit_fw-la mista_fw-la cum_fw-la frigore_fw-la flamma_n two_o girdle_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n on_o the_o left_a as_o many_o cut_v the_o sky_n more_o hot'_v the_o five_o so_o god_n divide_v with_o a_o equal_a hand_n into_o so_o many_o parcel_n cut_v the_o land_n the_o midst_n through_o heat_n afford_v no_o dweller_n ease_n the_o deep_a snow_n wrap_v up_o two_o but_o betwixt_o these_o and_o the_o other_o region_n be_v two_o place_n set_v where_o frost_n be_v mix_v with_o fire_n and_o cold_a with_o heat_n but_o because_o this_o enumeration_n and_o description_n of_o the_o zone_n set_v down_o by_o the_o poet_n seem_v too_o popular_a and_o general_a we_o will_v more_o special_o divide_v they_o according_a to_o the_o method_n of_o our_o time_n in_o this_o manner_n 5_o the_o zone_n be_v either_o untemperate_a or_o temperate_a the_o untemperate_a be_v again_o twofold_a either_o cold_a or_o hot_a 6_o the_o intemperate_a hot_a zone_n be_v the_o space_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o two_o tropic_n circle_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n how_o unapt_o these_o name_n of_o temperate_a &_o untemperate_a agree_v to_o the_o zone_n consider_v in_o their_o own_o nature_n we_o shall_v speak_v in_o our_o second_o part_n yet_o because_o i_o think_v it_o unfit_a to_o use_v other_o term_n than_o the_o ancient_n i_o will_v not_o coin_n new_a name_n this_o zone_n or_o space_n include_v betwixt_o the_o two_o tropic_n circumscribe_v within_o it_o two_o great_a circle_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o equatour_n run_v just_a in_o the_o midst_n neither_o incline_v to_o the_o north_n or_o south_n the_o other_o be_v the_o ecliptic_a oblique_o cross_v it_o and_o meeting_n the_o two_o tropic_n twice_o in_o a_o year_n in_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n the_o extent_n or_o breadth_n of_o this_o zone_n then_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o these_o two_o tropic_n to_o wit_n 47_o degree_n which_o make_v 2820_o mile_n because_o from_o the_o equatour_n to_o either_o

expression_n and_o manner_n of_o description_n of_o region_n aswell_o in_o the_o find_n out_o the_o angle_n of_o position_n as_o translation_n of_o place_n former_o find_v out_o into_o the_o globe_n or_o chart._n chap._n 4._o special_a which_o contain_v the_o distinction_n of_o a_o place_n into_o sea_n who_o description_n be_v call_v hydrography_n in_o which_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o adjunct_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v either_o internal_a which_o be_v inbred_a in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o again_o be_v either_o absolute_a such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n without_o any_o comparison_n of_o it_o with_o the_o land_n here_o we_o observe_v in_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o figure_n and_o quality_n chap._n 5._o 2_o the_o motion_n natural_a and_o violent_a chap._n 6._o comparative_a which_o concern_v the_o depth_n situation_n and_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n chap._n 7._o external_a which_o concern_v sea-trafficke_n and_o merchandise_n chap._n 8._o land_n which_o we_o term_v pedography_n who_o accident_n be_v either_o natural_a which_o be_v again_o divide_v into_o perpetual_a such_o as_o ordinary_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n these_o again_o be_v either_o absolute_a wherein_o we_o have_v no_o respect_n unto_o the_o sea_n here_o we_o consider_v the_o nature_n 1_o of_o river_n fountain_n and_o lake●_n chap._n 9_o 2_o of_o mountain_n vallie●_n and_o plaine-region_n woody_a and_o champion_n country_n chap._n 10._o comparative_a wherein_o we_o consider_v the_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o land_n chap._n 11._o casual_a which_o seldom_o fall_v out_o such_o as_o be_v inundation_n and_o earthquake_n chap._n 12._o civil_a which_o concern_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o any_o place_n in_o who_o we_o consider_v the_o original_a or_o offspring_n chap._n 13._o disposition_n which_o be_v vary_v either_o accor●●●●_n 〈…〉_z 1_o site_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n chap._n 14._o 2_o soil_n chap._n 15._o geographie_n the_o second_o book_n chap._n i._o of_o topographie_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o former_a treatise_n by_o god_n assistance_n we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o spherical_a part_n of_o geography_n it_o will_v in_o the_o second_o place_n seem_v convenient_a to_o speak_v of_o the_o topical_a part_n of_o it_o 2_o the_o topical_a part_n teach_v the_o description_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o place_n the_o nature_n of_o topographie_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v in_o this_o second_o part_n be_v discover_v unto_o we_o not_o only_o in_o the_o name_n which_o promise_v a_o description_n of_o place_n but_o also_o in_o the_o difference_n set_v down_o by_o ptolemy_n himself_o betwixt_o the_o spherical_a and_o topical_a part_n the_o former_a of_o which_o he_o call_v geography_n and_o latter_a topographie_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v at_o large_a in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o our_o former_a book_n here_o only_o we_o will_v note_v this_o one_o distinction_n that_o t●●ograhie_n may_v be_v t●ken_v either_o more_o general_o or_o special_o general_o we_o may_v take_v it_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o discover_v unto_o we_o either_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o all_o his_o part_n or_o at_o least_o some_o great_a and_o principal_a part_n such_o as_o be_v a_o empire_n region_n kingdom_n or_o such_o like_a more_o special_o and_o particular_o it_o have_v usual_o be_v take_v for_o the_o description_n of_o a_o very_a small_a place_n who_o situation_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v not_o note_v but_o of_o the_o part_v one_o to_o the_o other_o such_o as_o be_v city_n burrowes_n townes_n castle_n lake_n and_o river_n the_o former_a whereat_o we_o chief_o aim_v can_v well_o be_v perform_v without_o the_o use_n of_o the_o spherical_a part_n that_o latter_a we_o will_v more_o spare_o touch_v be_v a_o infinite_a task_n in_o the_o whole_a earth_n to_o descend_v to_o all_o particular_n which_o come_v in_o our_o way_n yet_o shall_v we_o not_o altogether_o omit_v or_o neglect_v such_o circumstance_n in_o their_o due_a place_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o we_o can_v leave_v the_o rest_n to_o such_o topographer_n who_o spend_v their_o stock_n in_o the_o description_n of_o some_o particular_a place_n or_o region_n whereof_o this_o our_o age_n have_v produce_v many_o deserve_a high_a commendation_n this_o science_n be_v ancient_o adorn_v by_o homer_n an●●imander_n milesius_n haecataeus_fw-la democritus_n eudoxius_n dicaearchus_n euphorus_n as_o we_o find_v in_o straboes_n first_o book_n to_o which_o afterward_o succeed_v eratosthenes_n polybius_n possidonius_fw-la and_o diverse_a other_o which_o part_n require_v little_a or_o small_a knowledge_n in_o the_o science_n mathematical_a but_o challenge_v more_o affinity_n with_o the_o physical_a and_o political_a part_n of_o philosophy_n and_o therefore_o be_v more_o subject_n to_o popular_a understanding_n then_o the_o former_a and_o may_v without_o it_o afford_v some_o profit_n to_o the_o reader_n 3_o the_o topical_a part_n be_v either_o general_a or_o special_a the_o general_n be_v that_o which_o handle_v the_o general_a adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n 4_o a_o place_n be_v a_o superficial_a space_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n fit_v for_o habitation_n to_o the_o constitution_n of_o a_o place_n as_o it_o be_v here_o topographical_o take_v there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o concurrence_n of_o two_o thing_n which_o we_o may_v call_v matter_n and_o form_n the_o matter_n be_v the_o space_n contain_v or_o superficial_a platform_n of_o the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o dwell_v the_o form_n be_v the_o capability_n or_o aptness_n of_o it_o for_o habitation_n both_o which_o concur_v together_o be_v conceive_v to_o make_v a_o place_n such_o as_o we_o here_o topographical_o understand_v for_o here_o we_o understand_v not_o a_o place_n physical_o for_o the_o receptacle_n of_o a_o natural_a body_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o heaven_n and_o all_o the_o element_n be_v say_v to_o have_v their_o natural_a place_n neither_o yet_o geometrical_o for_o a_o plain_a whereon_o a_o line_n or_o figure_n may_v be_v draw_v but_o topographical_o for_o the_o upper_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n whereon_o people_n or_o other_o live_a creature_n may_v inhabit_v this_o place_n as_o appear_v by_o reason_n and_o holy_a scripture_n be_v more_o ancient_a than_o habitation_n for_o whereas_o in_o the_o first_o mass_n the_o earth_n be_v invelope_v with_o water_n on_o every_o side_n afford_v no_o place_n for_o dwell_v almighty_a god_n be_v say_v afterward_o to_o have_v separate_v and_o part_v the_o water_n from_o the_o dry_a land_n make_v the_o one_o a_o receptacle_n for_o fish_n and_o such_o creature_n of_o the_o deep_a the_o other_o for_o a_o dwell_a place_n for_o mankind_n and_o such_o creature_n as_o breath_n upon_o the_o land_n yet_o have_v he_o so_o provide_v in_o his_o divine_a wisdom_n that_o neither_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o land_n can_v well_o want_v the_o sea_n nor_o the_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o sea_n want_v the_o land_n the_o one_o appear_v in_o that_o we_o be_v enforce_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o only_o for_o ●ood_a and_o nourishment_n whereof_o a_o great_a part_n consist_v of_o fish_n but_o also_o for_o our_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n with_o foreign_a nation_n which_o be_v better_o effect_v by_o sea_n then_o land-voyage_n the_o latter_a be_v as_o easy_o show_v in_o that_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o sea_n derive_v not_o only_o their_o composition_n but_o also_o their_o proper_a nourishment_n from_o the_o land_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v more_o occasion_n to_o speak_v hereafter_o now_o we_o be_v moreover_o to_o consider_v that_o a_o place_n may_v be_v take_v in_o a_o double_a sense_n first_o more_o large_o for_o any_o place_n wherein_o a_o creature_n may_v live_v for_o long_a or_o short_a time_n second_o more_o strict_o for_o such_o a_o space_n of_o earth_n whereon_o mankind_n may_v convenient_o reside_v or_o dwell_v the_o former_a comprehend_v not_o only_o the_o land_n but_o also_o the_o water_n for_o experience_n show_v that_o man_n in_o ship_n may_v for_o a_o time_n reside_v and_o dwell_v on_o the_o back_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n but_o the_o latter_a betoken_v a_o continuance_n of_o habitation_n be_v only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o land_n which_o sense_n howbeit_o it_o be_v more_o consonant_n to_o the_o common_a use_n of_o speech_n yet_o for_o method_n sake_n we_o be_v enforce_v to_o use_v the_o former_a understand_v by_o habitation_n not_o only_o a_o place_n of_o convenient_a residence_n but_o any_o other_o whereon_o a_o creature_n for_o a_o time_n may_v breathe_v and_o live_v 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v everywhere_o habitable_a it_o be_v a_o ancient_a opinion_n as_o we_o have_v former_o touch_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o everywhere_o habitable_a namely_o in_o the_o intemperate_a zone_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o earth_n

greek_n call_v sciographie_n or_o stenography_n four_o and_o last_o geographie_n be_v distinguish_v from_o chorographie_n in_o that_o the_o former_a consider_v chief_o the_o quantity_n measure_n figure_n site_n &_o proportion_n of_o place_n as_o well_o in_o respect_n one_o of_o the_o other_o as_o of_o the_o heaven_n require_v necessary_a help_n of_o the_o science_n mathematical_a chief_o of_o arithmetic_n geometry_n and_o astronomy_n without_o which_o a_o geographer_n will_v show_v himself_o everywhere_a lame_a &_o impotent_a be_v not_o able_a to_o wade_v through_o the_o least_o part_n of_o his_o profession_n whereas_o a_o man_n altogether_o unpractised_a in_o those_o faculty_n may_v obtain_v a_o competent_a knowledge_n in_o chorography_n as_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n some_o altogether_o ignorant_a in_o the_o mathematics_n who_o can_v to_o some_o content_n of_o their_o hearer_n topographical_o and_o historical_o discourse_v of_o country_n as_o they_o have_v read_v of_o in_o book_n or_o observe_v in_o their_o travail_n notwithstanding_o all_o these_o difference_n assign_v by_o ptolemy_n i_o see_v no_o great_a reason_n why_o chorography_n shall_v not_o be_v refer_v to_o geography_n as_o a_o part_n to_o the_o whole_a forasmuch_o as_o the_o object_n on_o which_o he_o have_v ground_v his_o distinction_n differ_v only_o as_o a_o general_a and_o a_o special_a which_o be_v not_o opposite_a but_o subordinate_a as_o the_o logician_n use_v to_o speak_v cânnot_v make_v two_o distinct_a science_n but_o be_v reduce_v to_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o at_o least_o the_o difference_n thus_o assign_v will_v not_o be_v essential_a but_o accidental_a wherefore_o my_o scope_n in_o this_o treatise_n shall_v be_v to_o join_v they_o both_o together_o in_o the_o same_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o my_o art_n and_o leisure_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o descend_v to_o particular_n which_o be_v in_o chorographie_n almost_o infinite_a will_v not_o all_o seem_v alike_o necessary_a in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o universal_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o name_n of_o geography_n thus_o distinguish_v we_o define_v it_o to_o be_v a_o science_n which_o teach_v the_o measure_n and_o description_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n it_o be_v proper_o term_v a_o science_n because_o it_o propose_v to_o itself_o no_o other_o end_n but_o knowledge_n whereas_o those_o faculty_n be_v common_o term_v art_n which_o be_v not_o content_v with_o a_o bare_a knowledge_n or_o speculation_n but_o be_v direct_v to_o some_o far_a work_n or_o action_n but_o here_o a_o doubt_n seem_v to_o arise_v whether_o this_o science_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v physical_a or_o mathematical_a we_o answer_v that_o in_o a_o science_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v first_o the_o matter_n or_o object_n whereabout_o it_o be_v conversant_a second_o the_o manner_n of_o handle_v and_o explication_n for_o the_o former_a no_o doubt_n can_v be_v make_v but_o that_o the_o object_n in_o geographie_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n physical_a consist_v of_o the_o part_n whereof_o the_o sphere_n be_v compose_v but_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o explication_n it_o be_v not_o pure_a but_o mix_v as_o in_o the_o former_a part_n mathematical_a in_o the_o second_o rather_o historical_a whence_o the_o whole_a science_n may_v be_v alike_o term_v mathematical_a &_o historical_a not_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o subject_n which_o we_o have_v say_v to_o be_v physical_a but_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o explication_n for_o the_o object_n of_o geographie_n as_o we_o have_v intimate_v be_v the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v consider_v 3_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o as_o it_o be_v a_o element_n out_o of_o which_o mix_a body_n be_v in_o part_n compound_v in_o which_o sense_n it_o appertain_v to_o natural_a philosophy_n who_o office_n be_v to_o treat_v of_o all_o natural_a body_n their_o principle_n and_o propriety_n second_o as_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o heavenly_a motion_n and_o so_o it_o be_v undertake_v by_o astronomer_n three_o according_a to_o its_o spherical_a superficies_n as_o it_o be_v propose_v to_o be_v measure_v or_o describe_v in_o which_o manner_n it_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o geography_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o part_n of_o it_o have_v a_o diverse_a situation_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n one_o of_o another_o as_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o restriction_n although_o agree_v well_o to_o some_o part_n of_o it_o will_v hardly_o square_v with_o all_o the_o rest_n because_o many_o thing_n herein_o be_v handle_v beside_o the_o earth_n natural_a site_n or_o position_n as_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v teach_v for_o which_o cause_n we_o have_v rather_o define_v the_o subject_n of_o geography_n to_o be_v the_o earth_n so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v and_o describe_v as_o want_v one_o word_n to_o express_v the_o whole_a manner_n of_o consideration_n 2_o geographie_n consist_v of_o 2_o part_n the_o spherical_a and_o topical_a the_o spherical_a part_n be_v that_o which_o teach_v the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n the_o common_a and_o receive_a division_n of_o this_o science_n among_o geographer_n be_v into_o the_o general_n or_o universal_a part_n and_o the_o special_a which_o division_n i_o dare_v not_o utter_o reject_v be_v strengthen_v with_o the_o authority_n of_o ancient_a and_o approve_a author_n yet_o seem_v it_o more_o apt_o to_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o historical_a part_n then_o to_o the_o whole_a science_n as_o we_o shall_v after_o make_v apparent_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o division_n of_o it_o into_o spherical_a &_o topical_a part_n seem_v to_o be_v prefer_v in_o reason_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o science_n be_v propose_v to_o we_o under_o a_o twofold_a consideration_n first_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o mathematical_a lineament_n and_o circle_n whereof_o the_o sphere_n be_v imagine_v to_o consist_v out_o of_o which_o we_o collect_v the_o figure_n quantity_n site_n and_o due_a proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o part_n second_o of_o the_o place_n historical_o note_v and_o design_v out_o unto_o we_o by_o certain_a name_n mark_n and_o character_n the_o former_a receive_v great_a light_n from_o astronomy_n whence_o some_o have_v call_v it_o the_o astronomical_a part_n the_o late_a from_o philosophy_n and_o historical_a observation_n be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v a_o mix_a science_n take_v part_n of_o diverse_a faculty_n 3_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v a_o globous_a or_o round_a body_n comprehend_v within_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o wate●_n some_o have_v nice_o distinguish_v betwixt_o a_o sphere_n &_o a_o orb_n that_o a_o sphere_n be_v a_o round_a massy_a body_n contain_v in_o one_o surface_n which_o be_v convexe_n or_o outward_a as_o a_o bowl_n the_o other_o concave_n or_o hollow_a in_o manner_n of_o a_o eggshell_n empty_v but_o this_o distinction_n seem_v too_o curious_a as_o savour_v to_o much_o of_o scholastical_a subtlety_n because_o the_o name_n of_o orb_n and_o sphere_n be_v many_o time_n promiscuous_o use_v without_o difference_n among_o good_a writer_n this_o sphere_n which_o we_o make_v the_o subject_n of_o our_o science_n we_o call_v terrestrial_a not_o because_o it_o consist_v mere_o of_o earth_n the_o contrary_a of_o which_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o show_v but_o because_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o chief_a in_o the_o composition_n whence_o by_o a_o tropical_a kind_n of_o speech_n the_o whole_a globe_n may_v be_v call_v terrestrial_a 4_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v be_v either_o primary_n or_o secundary_a the_o primary_n consist_v in_o such_o affection_n as_o primary_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n the_o geographical_a affection_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o simple_o and_o absolute_o in_o themselves_o or_o eomparative_o as_o they_o be_v confer_v and_o compare_v the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o as_o for_o example_n the_o circle_n of_o the_o sphere_n such_o as_o be_v the_o parallel_n and_o meridian_n may_v be_v consider_v either_o absolute_o in_o themselves_o or_o comparative_o as_o they_o concur_v to_o the_o longitude_n latitude_n distance_n or_o such_o like_a accident_n which_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o comparison_n of_o one_o circle_n with_o another_o 5_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n primary_o consider_v be_v either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a the_o natural_a be_v the_o true_a globe_n in_o itself_o without_o image_n or_o representation_n 6_o herein_o again_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v two_o thing_n first_o the_o principle_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o sphere_n second_o the_o accident_n and_o propriety_n the_o principle_n whereof_o the_o sphere_n be_v compose_v be_v two_o viz_o matter_n and_o form_n 7_o the_o matter_n be_v the_o substance_n whereof_o the_o sphere_n be_v make_v viz_o earth_n and_o water_n my_o

the_o concavity_n and_o hollowgaping_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v everywhere_a choke_v and_o fill_v up_o with_o water_n who_o superficies_n be_v spherical_a and_o therefore_o help_v together_o with_o the_o earth_n to_o accomplish_v &_o perfect_v this_o terrestrial_a sphere_n to_o confirm_v which_o opinion_n these_o reason_n out_o of_o common_a experience_n may_v be_v allege_v the_o first_o be_v drawn-from_a the_o part_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n for_o we_o may_v everywhere_a observe_v that_o a_o portion_n of_o earth_n and_o another_o of_o water_n be_v let_v fall_v will_v descend_v in_o the_o same_o right_a line_n towards_o the_o same_o centre_n whence_o we_o may_v evident_o conclude_v that_o the_o earth_n &_o water_n have_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o centre_n of_o their_o motion_n and_o by_o a_o consequence_n conspire_v to_o the_o composition_n of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o sphere_n second_o to_o a_o like_a arch_n or_o space_n in_o the_o heaven_n be_v find_v answerable_a alike_o arch_a in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n whether_o it_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n which_o can_v not_o happen_v be_v they_o not_o account_v part_n of_o the_o same_o sphere_n the_o three_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n wherein_o the_o part_n of_o the_o moon_n shadow_v &_o obscure_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v one_o spherical_a or_o round-figure_n this_o shadow_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o astronomer_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n interpose_v betwixt_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n intercept_n the_o sunbeam_n which_o shall_v illuminate_v the_o moon_n and_o the_o shadow_n imitate_v the_o opacous_a body_n whence_o they_o arise_v but_o in_o the_o eclipse_n we_o find_v only_o the_o shadow_n of_o one_o body_n or_o sphere_n and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o optic_n we_o may_v conclude_v the_o body_n whereof_o such_o a_o shadow_n proceed_v to_o be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o sphere_n 8_o the_o form_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v the_o natural_a harmony_n or_o order_n arise_v from_o the_o part_n work_v together_o we_o ought_v here_o to_o remember_v what_o we_o say_v before_o that_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o water_n concur_v together_o to_o make_v one_o terrestrial_a sphere_n wherefore_o the_o whole_a be_v account_v one_o coacernate_v and_o collect_v body_n make_v of_o two_o other_o we_o be_v not_o to_o expect_v a_o internal_a essential_a and_o specifical_a form_n such_o as_o aristotle_n recount_v among_o the_o principle_n of_o a_o natural_a body_n but_o only_o such_o a_o one_o as_o in_o itself_o be_v external_a and_o accidental_a yet_o concur_v as_o it_o be_v essential_o to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n who_o fabric_n and_o first_o composition_n can_v well_o be_v understand_v without_o it_o some_o have_v imagine_v the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v inform_v with_o one_o internal_a and_o essential_a form_n which_o opinion_n seem_v to_o have_v much_o affinity_n with_o that_o of_o plato_n concern_v the_o soul_n of_o the_o world_n not_o that_o plato_n and_o his_o follower_n be_v so_o absurd_a to_o defend_v that_o the_o world_n with_o all_o his_o part_n be_v animate_v with_o a_o true_a vital_a soul_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n but_o that_o all_o the_o member_n of_o it_o be_v unite_v together_o quicken_v and_o dispose_v by_o a_o certain_a energeticall_a power_n or_o virtue_n which_o have_v great_a resemblance_n and_o representation_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n which_o assertion_n seem_v to_o be_v restore_v and_o embrace_v by_o our_o late_a magnetical_a philosopher_n who_o opinion_n we_o shall_v discuss_v and_o examine_v hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n ground_v our_o discourse_n on_o know_v principle_n we_o can_v admit_v no_o other_o form_n in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o mutual_a harmony_n order_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o part_n concur_v together_o and_o work_v the_o perfection_n &_o perpetuation_n of_o the_o whole_a a_o fit_a resemblance_n whereof_o we_o may_v observe_v in_o a_o artificial_a clock_n mill_n or_o such_o like_a great_a engine_n wherein_o every_o part_n due_o perform_v its_o own_o office_n there_o will_v arise_v and_o result_v a_o natural_a harmony_n which_o not_o unapt_o may_v be_v term_v the_o form_n of_o the_o whole_a engine_n why_o the_o world_n shall_v not_o consist_v of_o a_o internal_a and_o essential_a form_n sundry_a reason_n have_v be_v allege_v by_o our_o common_a philosopher_n first_o because_o nature_n never_o attempt_v any_o thing_n in_o vain_a or_o without_o a_o determinate_a end_n but_o the_o particular_a form_n of_o special_a body_n say_v these_o philosopher_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o unity_n and_o conformation_n of_o this_o terrestrial_a globe_n so_o that_o to_o grant_v a_o universal_a form_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v to_o multiply_v cause_n without_o any_o necessity_n &_o make_v nature_n the_o mother_n of_o superfluity_n which_o to_o all_o philosopher_n seem_v most_o absurd_a second_o if_o this_o be_v admit_v the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v as_o one_o continuate_a body_n who_o part_n shall_v as_o it_o be_v suffer_v a_o fellow-feeling_n one_o of_o the_o other_o three_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a matter_n to_o assign_v to_o what_o kind_n such_o a_o form_n may_v be_v reduce_v whether_o animate_v or_o inanimate_a if_o inanimate_a whether_o it_o be_v simple_a or_o compound_v if_o animate_v whether_o vegetative_a sensitive_a or_o rational_a under_o the_o which_o be_v couch_v many_o great_a difficulty_n as_o yet_o undisclose_v whether_o these_o reason_n be_v of_o any_o great_a force_n to_o overthrow_v the_o adverse_a opinion_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o further_a inquiry_n intend_v here_o a_o geographical_a not_o a_o physical_a discourse_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o conformity_n of_o part_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o in_o the_o former_a we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n aswell_o in_o matter_n as_o form_n it_o be_v needful_a in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o such_o affection_n and_o propriety_n as_o necessary_o arise_v out_o of_o such_o a_o constitution_n 2._o those_o affection_n or_o propriety_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n real_a or_o imaginary_a real_a i_o call_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n by_o nature_n imaginary_a such_o as_o agree_v to_o it_o by_o virtue_n of_o our_o understanding_n 3_o again_o the_o affection_n real_o or_o natural_o agree_v to_o the_o terrene_a sphere_n be_v assign_v either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o or_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 4_o these_o affection_n be_v say_v to_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o itself_o which_o may_v be_v express_v and_o understand_v without_o any_o compare_v of_o it_o with_o the_o celestial_a body_n 5_o these_o again_o be_v twofold_a either_o elementary_a or_o magnetical_a elementary_a i_o term_v such_o as_o have_v common_o be_v know_v or_o observe_v by_o ordinary_a philosopher_n here_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n in_o the_o make_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n in_o the_o former_a chapter_n we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o form_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o concinnity_n and_o apt_a conspiration_n of_o the_o part_n whereof_o the_o whole_a be_v compound_v this_o conformity_n be_v diverse_a and_o manifold_a as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o part_n conform_v themselves_o as_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o conformity_n we_o shall_v particular_o and_o distinct_o treat_v of_o so_o far_o as_o appertain_v to_o a_o cosmographer_n here_o by_o the_o way_n i_o can_v but_o tax_v some_o defect_n in_o most_o of_o our_o common_a cosmographer_n who_o take_v the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o grant_v supposition_n be_v nothing_o curious_a to_o search_v into_o the_o first_o ground_n and_o cause_n of_o this_o rotundity_n whereby_o it_o first_o become_v a_o globous_a body_n and_o afterward_o retain_v in_o itself_o a_o natural_a vigour_n or_o power_n if_o any_o violence_n shall_v be_v offer_v to_o restore_v herself_o to_o her_o former_a right_n and_o perfection_n all_o which_o be_v very_o pleasant_a &_o profitable_a to_o give_v a_o industrious_a learner_n some_o satisfaction_n to_o explain_v this_o before_o we_o descend_v to_o particular_n we_o will_v lay_v this_o ground_n and_o theorem_a 1_o the_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n do_v natural_o conform_v and_o dispose_v themselves_o aswell_o to_o the_o production_n and_o generation_n as_o to_o the_o continuance_n and_o preservation_n of_o it_o the_o form_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n albeit_o as_o we_o have_v show_v it_o be_v external_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n yet_o may_v

the_o persian_n be_v there_o observe_v a_o eclipse_n at_o the_o five_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n 4._o which_o selfsame_o eclipse_n be_v see_v in_o carthage_n at_o the_o second_o which_o to_o any_o man_n appear_v plain_o in_o this_o figure_n here_o insert_v in_o like_a manner_n a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o campania_n which_o be_v observe_v betwixt_o 8_o and_o 9_o be_v as_o pliny_n report_v see_v in_o armenia_n betwixt_o 10_o and_o 11_o of_o the_o clock_n 72._o whence_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o this_o difference_n of_o appearance_n arise_v from_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v itself_o betwixt_o these_o two_o place_n another_o reason_n to_o prove_v the_o spericall_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n wherein_o the_o obscure_a point_n be_v describe_v by_o a_o spherical_a figure_n which_o must_v needs_o argue_v that_o the_o body_n which_o cause_v the_o shadow_n be_v also_o round_o for_o as_o the_o opticke_n teach_v we_o the_o shadow_n be_v wont_a to_o follow_v and_o imitate_v the_o opacous_a body_n whence_o it_o proceed_v and_o all_o man_n confess_v that_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v make_v by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n betwixt_o the_o sun_n &_o moon_n intercept_n the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o shall_v illustrate_v &_o lighten_v the_o moon_n the_o three_o reason_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o absurdity_n which_o will_v follow_v shall_v we_o admit_v any_o other_o figure_n beside_o for_o grant_v it_o to_o be_v plain_a as_o some_o of_o the_o platonist_n have_v imagine_v it_o will_v necessary_o follow_v in_o reason_n 1_o that_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n will_v be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n 2_o that_o there_o will_v be_v the_o same_o face_n and_o appearance_n of_o the_o heaven_n in_o all_o place_n 3_o that_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n with_o other_o star_n will_v in_o all_o place_n arise_v alike_o at_o the_o same_o hour_n 4_o that_o all_o eclipse_n will_v appear_v to_o all_o place_n at_o the_o same_o hour_n 5_o that_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o day_n &_o night_n will_v be_v at_o all_o place_n 6_o that_o the_o shadow_n will_v be_v every_o where_o alike_o and_o one_o region_n will_v not_o be_v hot_a or_o cold_a than_o another_o all_o which_o will_v plain_o stand_v opposite_a to_o reason_n and_o experience_n as_o many_o or_o more_o will_v prove_v the_o absurdity_n of_o those_o that_o ascribe_v to_o the_o earth_n any_o other_o figure_n then_o spherical_a which_o i_o willing_o pass_v over_o as_o not_o will_v to_o fight_v with_o shadow_n and_o feign_v a_o opposition_n where_o i_o scarce_o find_v a_o adversary_n these_o reason_n be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a diverse_a other_o popular_a argument_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o final_a cause_n to_o countenance_v this_o assertion_n for_o no_o other_o figure_n can_v be_v assign_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o can_v more_o uphold_v the_o order_n of_o nature_n or_o speak_v the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o omnipotent_a creator_n 1_o because_o such_o a_o figure_n will_v best_o beseem_v the_o earth_n the_o seat_n and_o dwelling-place_n of_o all_o live_a creature_n which_o be_v most_o capable_a because_o otherwise_o the_o god_n of_o nature_n will_v seem_v to_o do_v something_o in_o vain_a and_o without_o cause_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o same_o capacity_n may_v be_v confine_v within_o strict_a bound_n now_o it_o be_v apparent_a to_o all_o mathematician_n that_o among_o all_o those_o figure_n which_o they_o call_v isoper●●etrall_a a_o circle_n be_v the_o most_o capable_a and_o among_o the_o rest_n those_o which_o approach_v near_a unto_o a_o circle_n and_o as_o we_o esteem_v of_o a_o circle_n describe_v in_o a_o plain_a surface_n so_o must_v we_o judge_v in_o solide_n of_o a_o sphere_n which_o profitable_a geometry_n of_o nature_n we_o shall_v find_v instill_v into_o most_o live_a creature_n who_o by_o a_o certain_a natural_a instinct_n without_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n make_v their_o nest_n and_o resting-place_n of_o a_o spherical_a figure_n as_o most_o convenient_a and_o of_o great_a capacity_n as_o experience_n show_v we_o in_o the_o nest_n of_o bird_n and_o bee-hive_n wherein_o the_o cell_n be_v fashion_v round_o &_o spherical_a 2_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o holy_a scripture_n consonant_a to_o this_o opinion_n in_o diverse_a place_n but_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v impiety_n to_o use_v those_o sacred_a help_n in_o a_o matter_n out_o of_o controversy_n and_o need_v no_o such_o demonstration_n 2_o the_o rugged_a and_o unequal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n hinder_v not_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o it_o it_o be_v think_v by_o ignorant_a people_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o round_o because_o of_o the_o rugged_a and_o uneven_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o for_o somewhere_o it_o swell_v with_o great_a and_o high_a mountain_n rock_n and_o hill_n otherwhere_a it_o seem_v indent_v and_o as_o it_o be_v trench_v into_o valley_n &_o concavity_n all_o which_o seem_v to_o detract_v from_o a_o true_a spherical_a superficies_n because_o in_o such_o a_o one_o every_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o it_o shall_v be_v equal_a one_o to_o the_o other_o indeed_o that_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o absolute_o and_o geometrical_o round_a as_o a_o artificial_a sphere_n be_v confess_v by_o eratosthenes_n cite_v by_o strabo_n in_o his_o 1_o book_n of_o geographie_n whence_o pliny_n in_o his_o ●_o book_n cap._n 21._o say_v 1._o that_o the_o earth_n &_o water_n make_v one_o globe_n not_o so_o absolute_o round_a as_o the_o heaven_n but_o much_o different_a 〈◊〉_d also_o strabo_n confirm_v this_o proposition_n depend_v on_o these_o 3_o reason_n which_o follow_v will_v show_v that_o this_o inequality_n how_o great_a soever_o it_o seem_v to_o the_o sight_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a and_o bear_v no_o proportion_n with_o the_o huge_a vastness_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n the_o first_o be_v take_v from_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o the_o great_a and_o high_a mountain_n which_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o find_v to_o exceed_v 10_o mile_n although_o few_o mathematician_n will_v grant_v so_o much_o whereas_o the_o whole_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v no_o less_o th●n_n 7200_o english_a mile_n so_o that_o these_o hill_n compare_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v but_o ●s_v 10_o to_o 7200_o which_o indeed_o have_v no_o sensible_a proportion_n the_o second_o be_v take_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o interpose_a earth_n be_v describe_v by_o a_o spherical_a figure_n without_o any_o unequal_a or_o rugged_a part_n which_o no_o doubt_n will_v appear_v if_o these_o part_n challenge_v any_o due_a proportion_n or_o sensible_a quantity_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n three_o some_o have_v illustrate_v this_o by_o a_o round_a bowl_n or_o ball_n who_o external_a surface_n although_o unequal_a and_o indent_v here_o &_o there_o with_o scotch_n otherwhere_a swell_a with_o knob_n will_v notwithstanding_o be_v interpose_v betwixt_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o a_o wall_n or_o such_o place_n give_v a_o round_a or_o spherical_a shadow_n in_o the_o same_o wall_n or_o plain_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o little_a quantity_n of_o these_o small_a part_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n in_o like_a sort_n must_v we_o imagine_v the_o mountain_n and_o unequal_a part_n in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v no_o otherwise_o then_o as_o so_o many_o wart_n or_o pimple_n in_o the_o face_n of_o man_n which_o can_v alter_v his_o du●_n proportion_n or_o symmetry_n of_o the_o part_n 3_o the_o water_n concur_v with_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o globe_n be_v also_o spherical_a it_o be_v a_o proposition_n agree_v on_o by_o archimedes_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o ancient_a mathematician_n of_o any_o note_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n or_o any_o other_o liquor_n stand_v and_o subsist_v quiet_o of_o it_o self_n be_v spherical_a who_o centre_n will_v be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n which_o we_o be_v here_o to_o handle_v because_o it_o appertain_v to_o the_o make_v up_o of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n although_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n hereafter_o to_o speak_v special_o concern_v the_o water_n in_o hydrographie_n in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o treatise_n the_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o assertion_n beside_o those_o that_o in_o general_n prove_v the_o sphericity_n of_o the_o terrene_a globe_n be_v diverse_a 1_v it_o be_v observe_v that_o passenger_n in_o a_o ship_n launch_v out_o into_o the_o deep_a from_o some_o haven_n will_v first_o perceive_v the_o tower_n building_n castle_n promontory_n and_o tree_n stand_v

philosophy_n and_o on_o the_o loadstone_n erect_v a_o large_a trophy_n to_o commend_v he_o to_o posterity_n this_o famous_a doctor_n be_v as_o pregnant_a in_o witty_a apprehension_n as_o diligent_a in_o curious_a search_n of_o natural_a cause_n after_o many_o experiment_n and_o long_a inquiry_n find_v the_o cause_n of_o most_o magnetical_a motion_n and_o propriety_n hide_v in_o the_o magnetical_a temper_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o the_o earth_n itself_o be_v a_o mere_a magnetical_a body_n challenge_v all_o those_o propriety_n and_o more_o than_o have_v express_v themselves_o in_o the_o loadstone_n which_o opinion_n of_o his_o be_v no_o soon_o broach_v than_o it_o be_v embrace_v and_o well-commed_n by_o many_o prime_a wit_n aswell_o english_a as_o foreign_a in_o so_o much_o that_o i●_n have_v of_o late_o take_v large_a root_n and_o get_v much_o ground_n of_o our_o vulgar_a philosophy_n not_o that_o in_o the_o main_a scope_n and_o drift_n of_o it_o it_o contradict_v or_o cross_v all_o peripatetical_a principle_n or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o such_o ground_n as_o have_v hitherto_o bear_v the_o stamp_n aswell_o of_o antiquity_n as_o of_o authority_n but_o that_o it_o have_v bring_v to_o light_a matter_n of_o no_o small_a moment_n which_o never_o find_v any_o ground_n or_o footstep_n in_o our_o ordinary_a philosophy_n this_o new_a philosophy_n i_o dare_v not_o commend_v as_o everywhere_a perfect_a and_o absolute_a be_v but_o of_o late_a year_n invent_v and_o not_o yet_o bring_v to_o mature_a perfection_n yet_o will_v it_o savour_v of_o little_a ingenuity_n or_o judgement_n in_o any_o man_n perverse_o to_o deny_v all_o such_o magnetical_a affection_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v ground_v on_o plain_a experiment_n and_o observation_n since_o no_o philosophy_n be_v every_o way_n so_o exact_a but_o require_v experience_n daily_o to_o correct_v it_o i_o intend_v not_o here_o a_o absolute_a discourse_n of_o magnetical_a boby_n and_o motion_n but_o leave_v it_o to_o their_o search_n who_o experimental_a industry_n be_v more_o suitable_a to_o such_o a_o subject_n only_o i_o will_v show_v some_o general_a ground_n appertain_v to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n which_o i_o hold_v necessary_a for_o a_o geographer_n wherefore_o ere_o i_o curious_o distinguish_v these_o magnetical_a propriety_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o other_o several_a kind_n i_o will_v set_v down_o this_o theorem_a as_o a_o ground_n or_o foundation_n of_o that_o which_o follow_v 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v of_o a_o magnetical_a nature_n and_o disposition_n a_o magnetical_a body_n by_o some_o be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o which_o seat_v in_o the_o air_n do_v place_n itself_o in_o one_o place_n natural_a not_o alterable_a this_o situation_n be_v suppose_v to_o agree_v to_o all_o the_o star_n especial_o to_o the_o great_a globe_n of_o saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n and_o the_o sun_n as_o also_o to_o such_o as_o give_v their_o attendance_n on_o they_o late_o detect_v by_o the_o trunk-spectacle_n to_o wit_n those_o two_o star_n which_o move_v about_o saturn_n the_o four_o which_o move_v about_o jupiter_n the_o two_o which_o circle_n about_o the_o sun_n as_o venus_n and_o mercury_n and_o last_o the_o moon_n which_o encompass_v the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o to_o let_v pass_v those_o other_o globe_n as_o far_o off_o and_o therefore_o less_o subject_a to_o our_o search_n our_o discourse_n shall_v only_o touch_v the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o live_v which_o we_o shall_v prove_v to_o partake_v of_o a_o certain_a magnetical_a virtue_n or_o inclination_n which_o to_o show_v more_o open_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o all_o magnetical_a globe_n have_v some_o part_n of_o their_o body_n which_o be_v also_o magnetical_a which_o be_v divorce_v from_o their_o proper_a sphere_n &_o meet_v no_o obstacle_n will_v settle_v themselves_o to_o the_o natural_a situation_n of_o their_o peculiar_a orb_n which_o we_o may_v plain_o perceive_v in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o we_o shall_v find_v two_o magnetical_a mineral_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o loadstone_n attract_v iron_n or_o steel_n the_o other_o the_o iron_n or_o steel_n itself_o either_o ofthese_fw-mi two_o artificial_o hang_v in_o the_o air_n or_o place_v in_o a_o little_a boat_n on_o the_o water_n all_o encumbrance_n be_v remove_v will_v conform_v &_o settle_v their_o part_n and_o pole_n correspondent_a to_o the_o pole_n and_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n as_o north_n and_o south_n this_o have_v be_v find_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o such_o as_o have_v travel_v round_o about_o she_o as_o drake_n and_o candish_n who_o compass_n be_v always_o direct_v magnetical_o in_o all_o place_n which_o they_o pass_v which_o we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o any_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o disponent_fw-la faculty_n of_o the_o earth_n magnetical_a sphere_n as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o by_o demonstration_n moreover_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o such_o as_o sail_v northerly_a and_o southerly_a that_o the_o magnetical_a inclinatory_a needle_n in_o every_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v conform_v and_o dispose_v to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o certain_a angle_n answerable_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o region_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o this_o diversity_n of_o conformity_n must_v necessary_o arise_v either_o from_o the_o magnetical_a instrument_n in_o itself_o absolute_o consider_v or_o else_o from_o the_o harmony_n and_o correspondency_n it_o have_v with_o the_o terrene_a globe_n it_o can_v be_v the_o first_o because_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o place_n and_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o experience_n and_o our_o supposition_n then_o must_v we_o needs_o derive_v it_o from_o the_o magnetical_a disponent_fw-la virtue_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o which_o virtue_n the_o whole_a earth_n may_v be_v call_v magnetical_a nay_o if_o we_o true_o consider_v these_o magnetical_a affection_n primary_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o mother_n of_o all_o magnetical_a body_n but_o afterward_o secondary_o be_v derive_v into_o the_o part_n because_o as_o gilbert_n relate_v it_o the_o cause_n of_o magnetical_a motion_n and_o affection_n be_v the_o magnetical_a form_n of_o a_o spherical_a globe_n which_o form_n first_o agree_v to_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o be_v derive_v to_o all_o his_o homogeneal_a part_n these_o part_n be_v call_v homogeneal_a not_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o matter_n and_o quantity_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o magnetical_a nature_n and_o communion_n which_o in_o every_o part_n be_v conspicuous_a if_o any_o man_n shall_v wonder_v why_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v call_v magnetical_a in_o regard_n of_o this_o mineral_n which_o seem_v one_o of_o the_o least_o and_o scarce_a substance_n whereof_o it_o consist_v we_o may_v many_o way_n answer_v first_o that_o although_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n seem_v for_o the_o most_o part_n compose_v of_o other_o material_n more_o convenient_a for_o the_o use_n of_o live_a creature_n which_o dwell_v therein_o yet_o may_v infinite_a rocky_a mine_n of_o magnet_n be_v couch_v low_a towards_o the_o centre_n which_o strengthen_v and_o consolidate_v the_o earthly_a globe_n second_o we_o must_v not_o imagine_v the_o magnetical_a substance_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v all_o one_o kind_n of_o stone_n but_o various_a for_o somewhere_o it_o be_v hard_a &_o solid_a as_o the_o true_a magnet_n itself_o and_o the_o iron_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o mettle_n decoct_v out_o of_o the_o loadstone_n for_o iron_n o●●e_n differ_v little_a or_o nothing_o at_o all_o from_o the_o loadstone_n itself_o somewhere_o again_o this_o substance_n be_v more_o thin_a and_o fuid_a be_v less_o concoct_v as_o some_o kind_n of_o clay_n and_o certain_a vapour_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v magnetical_a which_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o hard_a and_o more_o massy_a substance_n will_v have_v the_o same_o affection_n and_o motion_n with_o the_o loadstone_n itself_o this_o assertion_n of_o the_o earth_n magnetical_a nature_n we_o shall_v confirm_v more_o evident_o hereafter_o where_o we_o shall_v prove_v both_o the_o pole_n the_o meridian_n parallel_n and_o other_o circle_n to_o be_v not_o bare_a imaginary_a line_n as_o some_o have_v think_v but_o to_o be_v real_o ground_v in_o the_o magnetical_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v to_o be_v show_v in_o any_o round_a loadstone_n wrought_v and_o place_v convenient_o with_o instrument_n thereunto_o apply_v 2_o the_o magnetical_a affection_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v twofold_a either_o radical_a or_o derive_v the_o radical_a disposition_n we_o call_v that_o which_o be_v the_o first_o root_n and_o ground_n of_o all_o other_o magnetical_a motion_n 3_o the_o radical_a virtue_n or_o inclination_n be_v again_o twofold_a either_o motive_n or_o disponent_fw

receive_a error_n as_o we_o have_v mention_v that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a rock_n or_o pole_n of_o loadstone_n some_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o true_a pole_n of_o the_o world_n which_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n in_o its_o variation_n shall_v respect_v this_o pole_n they_o have_v imagine_v to_o be_v in_o the_o same_o meridian_n with_o that_o which_o pass_v by_o the_o azore_n whence_o they_o have_v labour_v to_o show_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o compass_n shall_v not_o vary_v in_o that_o place_n which_o they_o explain_v by_o this_o figure_n let_v there_o be_v a_o circle_n describe_v the_o sphere_n e_o of_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o arctic_a pole_n a_o the_o antarctic_a ●_o the_o pole_n or_o rock_n of_o loadstone_n place_v out_o of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n b._n let_v there_o be_v place_v a_o magnetical_a directory_n needle_n in_o h_n it_o will_v according_a to_o their_o assertion_n tend_v to_o the_o point_n b_o by_o the_o magnetical_a meridian_n h_n b_o which_o because_o it_o concurre_v with_o the_o true_a meridian_n b_o a_o or_o h_n a_o there_o will_v be_v no_o variation_n at_o all_o but_o a_o true_a direction_n to_o the_o north_n pole_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o let_v this_o magnetical_a needle_n be_v place_v in_o the_o point_n d_o it_o be_v certain_a according_a to_o this_o opinion_n that_o it_o will_v tend_v to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o loadstone_n b_o by_o the_o magnetical_a meridian_n d_o b._n wherefore_o it_o will_v not_o point_v out_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n a_o but_o rather_o the_o point_n c_o because_o these_o two_o meridian_n come_v not_o into_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o hence_o they_o have_v labour_v with_o more_o hope_n than_o success_n ●o_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n without_o any_o observation_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o i_o confess_v may_v easy_o be_v effect_v if_o this_o conjecture_n may_v stand_v with_o true_a observation_n but_o how_o far_o this_o conceit_n swerve_v from_o the_o experience_n of_o navigatour_n one_o or_o two_o instance_n will_v serve_v to_o demonstrate_v for_o if_o the_o variation_n have_v any_o such_o certain_a pole_n as_o they_o imagine_v than_o will_v the_o arch_n of_o variation_n be_v increase_v or_o diminish_v proportional_o according_a to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n as_o for_o example_n if_o in_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o hundred_o mile_n the_o compass_n be_v vary_v one_o degree_n then_o in_o the_o next_o hundred_o mile_n it_o will_v vary_v another_o degree_n which_o will_v make_v two_o degree_n but_o this_o have_v often_o be_v prove_v otherwise_o by_o diverse_a experiment_n of_o navigation_n mention_v by_o gilbert_n and_o f._n wright_n i_o will_v only_o produce_v one_o or_o two_o if_o a_o ship_n sail_n from_o the_o sorlinge_n to_o newfoundland_n they_o have_v observe_v that_o when_o they_o come_v so_o far_o as_o to_o find_v the_o compass_n to_o point_v direct_o north_n without_o any_o variation_n at_o all_o then_o pass_v onward_o there_o will_v be_v a_o variation_n towards_o the_o north-east_n but_o obscure_a and_o little_a then_o afterward_o will_v the_o arch_n of_o this_o variation_n increase_v with_o like_a space_n in_o a_o great_a proportion_n until_o they_o approach_v near_o the_o continent_n where_o they_o shall_v find_v a_o very_a great_a variation_n yet_o before_o they_o come_v a_o shore_n this_o variation_n will_v decrease_v again_o from_o which_o one_o instance_n if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o arch_n of_o variation_n be_v not_o always_o proportionable_a to_o the_o distance_n which_o grant_v quite_o overthrow_v that_o conceit_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o variation_n beside_o this_o if_o there_o be_v two_o such_o magnetical_a pole_n there_o can_v be_v but_o one_o common_a meridian_n pass_v by_o they_o and_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n but_o by_o many_o observation_n collect_v and_o observe_v by_o ed._n wright_n and_o other_o there_o shall_v 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as_o of_o direction_n be_v only_o respective_a not_o attractive_a it_o be_v suppose_v by_o the_o ancient_n that_o the_o direction_n and_o variation_n of_o the_o loadstone_n be_v cause_v by_o a_o attractive_a point_n which_o draw_v and_o enforce_v the_o lily_n of_o the_o compass_n that_o way_n which_o error_n take_v place_n from_o another_o common-received_n opinion_n that_o all_o the_o other_o motion_n of_o the_o magnet_n be_v reduce_v to_o the_o attractive_a operation_n but_o the_o error_n be_v correct_v by_o one_o robert_n norman_n a_o englishman_n who_o find_v this_o point_n to_o be_v respective_a and_o no_o way_n attractive_a who_o reason_n or_o demonstration_n be_v not_o disapprove_v by_o dr_n gilbert_n although_o in_o other_o matter_n he_o sharp_o tax_v he_o his_o experiment_n be_v thus_o let_v there_o be_v a_o round_a vessel_n as_o we_o have_v describe_v full_o of_o water_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o water-place_n a_o iron-wier_n in_o a_o convenient_a round_a cork_n or_o 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at_o the_o mouth_n of_o thames_n according_a to_o the_o observation_n of_o d._n gilbert_n and_o ed._n wright_n though_o some_o deny_v it_o one_o whole_a rumbe_n in_o london_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o it_o eleven_o degree_n and_o more_o which_o we_o also_o find_v or_o thereabouts_o in_o oxford_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o magnetical_a motive_n virtue_n be_v strong_a in_o the_o great_a latitude_n increase_v towards_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o large_a region_n of_o land_n lie_v towards_o the_o pole_n prevail_v more_o than_o those_o which_o be_v situate_v far_o off_o 12_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o variation_n the_o declination_n be_v a_o magnetical_a motion_n whereby_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n convert_v itself_o under_o the_o horizontall_a plain_a towards_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n what_o we_o have_v hitherto_o speak_v of_o direction_n and_o variation_n magnetical_a be_v such_o as_o may_v be_v

it_o will_v lift_v up_o much_o great_a and_o heavy_a weight_n which_o experiment_n be_v sufficient_a to_o confirm_v our_o assertion_n that_o this_o declination_n be_v cause_v only_o by_o the_o disponent_fw-la and_o conversive_a virtue_n of_o this_o terrestrial_a globe_n 3_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n have_v a_o variation_n that_o in_o the_o magnetical_a direction_n there_o be_v find_v a_o irregularity_n or_o variation_n have_v be_v sufficient_o warrant_v by_o artificer_n instrument_n the_o like_a irregularity_n be_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o declination_n which_o make_v magnetical_a instrument_n and_o experiment_n more_o subject_a to_o error_n and_o imperfection_n the_o variation_n of_o declination_n be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o magnetical_a meridian_n betwixt_o the_o true_a and_o apparent_a declination_n the_o cause_n hereof_o be_v only_o to_o be_v seek_v in_o the_o unequal_a temper_n of_o magnetical_a part_n in_o the_o earth_n for_o as_o in_o the_o direction_n 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but_o her_o own_o massy_a situation_n and_o firmness_n and_o settle_v herself_o so_o strong_o by_o her_o magnetical_a virtue_n pass_v through_o the_o meridional_a part_n to_o the_o pole_n as_o if_o she_o be_v tie_v by_o many_o strong_a cable_n to_o two_o herculean_a pillar_n not_o subject_a to_o alteration_n and_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v by_o any_o supernatural_a power_n that_o the_o situation_n can_v be_v change_v she_o will_v no_o doubt_n by_o her_o magnetical_a vigour_n and_o verticity_n return_n and_o restore_v herself_o to_o her_o former_a position_n as_o all_o magnetical_a needle_n will_v do_v to_o their_o proper_a site_n and_o conformity_n of_o this_o verticity_n need_v no_o more_o to_o be_v speak_v then_o have_v be_v already_o say_v in_o the_o point_n of_o direction_n because_o the_o former_a be_v a_o representation_n of_o the_o latter_a and_o depend_v on_o the_o same_o demonstration_n out_o of_o which_o ground_n we_o may_v evident_o conclude_v that_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o 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which_o mystery_n not_o know_v of_o the_o ancient_n for_o want_n of_o former_a observation_n have_v show_v itself_o to_o our_o time_n be_v enrich_v not_o only_o with_o their_o but_o our_o own_o experiment_n according_a to_o this_o opinion_n of_o dominicus_n maria_n the_o north_n pole_n shall_v be_v elevate_v high_a than_o it_o be_v and_o the_o latitude_n of_o region_n shall_v be_v great_a than_o they_o be_v but_o to_o this_o opinion_n we_o will_v oppose_v the_o opinion_n of_o stadius_n which_o hold_v that_o the_o latitude_n of_o region_n have_v be_v decrease_v and_o diminish_v from_o that_o they_o have_v have_v in_o ptolemy_n without_o any_o such_o regular_a increment_n or_o decrement_n which_o he_o labour_v to_o confirm_v by_o many_o observation_n as_o for_o example_n the_o latitude_n of_o rome_n as_o it_o be_v set_v down_o by_o ptolemy_n be_v 41_o degree_n ⅔_n part_n but_o by_o new_a observation_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v 41_o degree_n ½_o part_n out_o of_o which_o we_o may_v well_o conjecture_v that_o ptolemy_n observation_n be_v not_o always_o exact_o true_a be_v for_o a_o great_a part_n such_o as_o he_o have_v receive_v from_o hipparchus_n and_o not_o examine_v himself_o as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o latitude_n of_o many_o city_n in_o europe_n where_o he_o miss_v sometime_o 2_o sometime_o 3_o degree_n wherefore_o no_o judicious_a geographer_n will_v upon_o such_o imperfect_a observation_n and_o uncertain_a conjecture_n bring_v in_o a_o new_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o overthrow_v that_o magnetical_a harmony_n and_o consistency_n corroborate_v with_o so_o many_o and_o sure_a demon●trations_n this_o may_v serve_v to_o answer_v a_o certain_a ten●nt_n of_o vasquez_n the_o jesuite_n and_o some_o other_o who_o imagine_v the_o centre_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v move_v up_o and_o down_o by_o a_o certain_a motion_n of_o liberation_n the_o argument_n on_o which_o they_o will_v ground_v their_o assertion_n be_v take_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o gravity_n in_o this_o manner_n the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o earth_n say_v they_o be_v so_o settle_a about_o the_o centre_n that_o it_o be_v equal_o poize_v that_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v that_o the_o part_n be_v endow_v with_o a_o equal_a weight_n now_o such_o body_n as_o be_v so_o equal_o poize_v by_o the_o addition_n or_o diminution_n of_o any_o part_n on_o either_o ●ide_v will_n be_v straightway_o t●rned_v from_o that_o ●i●e_n which_o they_o have_v before_o in_o aequîlibrio_n as_o be_v daily_o confirm_v by_o experience_n of_o a_o balance_n and_o other_o such_o mechanic_a instrument_n wherefore_o in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n the_o centre_n and_o pole_n shall_v in_o this_o wise_a be_v change_v and_o alter_v and_o the_o whole_a suffer_v a_o kind_n of_o start_v or_o libration_n for_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o daily_a observation_n that_o some_o thing_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v fall_v off_o and_o carry_v into_o another_o place_n as_o man_n beast_n and_o bird_n which_o move_v from_o one_o place_n unto_o another_o nothing_o be_v here_o of_o more_o moment_n than_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n by_o continual_a ebb_a and_o flow_v suffer_v such_o a_o sensible_a change_n of_o addition_n and_o diminution_n that_o no_o man_n can_v imagine_v how_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n about_o the_o centre_n shall_v always_o be_v equal_o counterpoise_v but_o the_o weight_n on_o one_o side_n shall_v be_v predominant_a unto_o the_o other_o and_o so_o drive_v the_o centre_n from_o his_o former_a place_n this_o argument_n blancanus_n 2._o another_o late_a jesuite_n leave_v altogether_o unanswered_a either_o imagine_v it_o too_o strong_a or_o out_o of_o a_o combine_a faction_n of_o their_o own_o society_n unwilling_a to_o contradict_v his_o fellow_n and_o indeed_o shall_v we_o consider_v the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n no_o otherwise_o then_o according_a to_o

down_o for_o a_o axiom_n that_o one_o simple_a body_n have_v but_o one_o simple_a motion_n yet_o be_v absolute_o understand_v without_o any_o limitation_n will_v be_v find_v by_o experience_n false_a for_o it_o be_v manifest_a out_o of_o the_o experiment_n of_o the_o new_a perspicil_n that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o jupiter_n simple_a in_o nature_n if_o we_o believe_v aristotelean_n have_v at_o least_o a_o double_a motion_n the_o one_o upon_o their_o own_o pole_n less_o than_o diurnal_a the_o other_o of_o their_o centre_n which_o be_v move_v from_o the_o west_n unto_o the_o east_n upon_o other_o pole_n familiar_o know_v unto_o astronomer_n the_o peripatetic_n here_o seek_v a_o evasion_n by_o distinguish_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o planet_n into_o a_o proper_a or_o natural_a and_o accidental_a or_o mutuaticious_a but_o this_o answer_n come_v not_o home_n to_o this_o present_a question_n first_o because_o these_o two_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o jupiter_n will_v easy_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v natural_a and_o without_o violence_n or_o restraint_n second_o because_o in_o this_o answer_n they_o suppose_v the_o heaven_n to_o be_v cut_v and_o divide_v into_o diverse_a orb_n section_n and_o con●amerations_n which_o late_a astronomer_n upon_o better_a experience_n have_v deride_v or_o at_o least_o omit_v as_o hypothesis_n or_o supposition_n to_o settle_v imagination_n rather_o than_o real_a or_o true_a ground_n if_o they_o will_v understand_v this_o principle_n of_o aristotle_n to_o wit_n that_o one_o simple_a body_n shall_v challenge_v one_o simple_a motion_n of_o a_o motion_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n it_o may_v perhaps_o obtain_v some_o credit_n but_o the_o right_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n join_v to_o the_o whole_a and_o the_o circular_a motion_n also_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o a_o planet_n about_o his_o own_o axle_n and_o the_o circular_a motion_n itself_o about_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v to_o be_v diverse_a kind_n and_o therefore_o no_o way_n 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shall_v be_v move_v out_o of_o his_o place_n or_o that_o the_o part_n shall_v be_v separate_v &_o distract_v one_o from_o the_o other_o or_o that_o the_o pole_n shall_v be_v change_v and_o alter_v the_o first_o can_v touch_v our_o assertion_n because_o in_o this_o place_n we_o affirm_v not_o that_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v move_v out_o of_o his_o place_n but_o that_o the_o whole_a earth_n in_o the_o same_o place_n be_v turn_v round_o upon_o her_o own_o centre_n for_o the_o opinion_n of_o copernicus_n which_o hold_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o move_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n we_o shall_v censure_v in_o our_o next_o chapter_n in_o the_o second_o place_n the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o this_o motion_n can_v be_v separate_v or_o disunit_a one_o from_o the_o other_o first_o because_o all_o the_o part_n be_v unite_v to_o the_o whole_a by_o their_o natural_a gravity_n that_o if_o by_o chance_n they_o shall_v be_v separate_v they_o will_v natural_o return_v 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that_o if_o any_o such_o motion_n be_v in_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v perceive_v by_o sense_n second_o they_o urge_v against_o we_o that_o in_o homogeneal_a body_n there_o be_v the_o same_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o all_o the_o part_n but_o every_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o experience_n teach_v be_v move_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n and_o therefore_o the_o whole_a can_v have_v no_o other_o motion_n to_o this_o objection_n we_o have_v partly_o answer_v before_o yet_o to_o give_v further_a satisfaction_n we_o will_v add_v something_o more_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n and_o sphere_n another_o of_o the_o several_a part_n and_o element_n whereof_o it_o consist_v if_o the_o whole_a sphere_n be_v understand_v we_o ascribe_v unto_o it_o no_o other_o motion_n but_o the_o circular_a which_o we_o here_o labour_v to_o establish_v

the_o part_n whereof_o this_o terrestrial_a sphere_n consist_v may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o as_o they_o be_v unite_v in_o the_o whole_a by_o a_o magnetical_a form_n or_o disjoin_v and_o take_v by_o themselves_o in_o the_o former_a the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v suppose_v to_o move_v in_o the_o same_o motion_n by_o which_o the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v because_o the_o whole_a and_o all_o the_o part_n take_v together_o be_v the_o same_o and_o subject_a to_o the_o same_o circular_a revolution_n notwithstanding_o this_o any_o part_n several_a and_o disjoin_v from_o the_o whole_a have_v a_o right_a motion_n downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n by_o which_o it_o return_v to_o its_o true_a natural_a union_n this_o inclination_n of_o the_o part_n agree_v not_o with_o the_o whole_a earth_n neither_o unto_o any_o part_n unite_v and_o conglobate_v to_o the_o whole_a but_o only_o to_o a_o part_n separate_v from_o his_o place_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a 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hold_v true_a if_o according_a to_o the_o late_a we_o may_v well_o grant_v they_o their_o conclusion_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o oppugn_v our_o assertion_n because_o it_o will_v follow_v out_o of_o the_o natural_a inclination_n of_o every_o part_n that_o all_o the_o part_n several_o take_v have_v such_o a_o disposition_n of_o return_v to_o the_o earth_n be_v separate_v there_o from_o yet_o will_v not_o this_o by_o any_o necessary_a inference_n be_v prove_v to_o agree_v to_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o rather_o will_v it_o follow_v contrariwise_o that_o the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v circular_o and_o therefore_o every_o part_n with_o and_o in_o it_o be_v move_v with_o the_o whole_a in_o the_o same_o motion_n a_o three_o argument_n which_o be_v think_v great_a than_o all_o the_o other_o be_v draw_v from_o two_o experiment_n the_o first_o be_v that_o a_o stone_n or_o bullet_n let_v fall_v from_o a_o high_a place_n to_o the_o ground_n will_v perpendicular_o descend_v to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o earth_n right_a under_o second_o that_o two_o bullet_n imagine_v to_o be_v of_o equal_a weight_n and_o matter_n be_v discharge_v from_o equal_a piece_n of_o ordinance_n with_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o powder_n the_o one_o towards_o the_o east_n the_o other_o towards_o the_o west_n will_v reach_v a_o equal_a distance_n in_o the_o earth_n both_o which_o will_v seem_v impossible_a if_o we_o grant_v this_o supposition_n of_o the_o earth_n circular_a revolution_n for_o in_o the_o former_a case_n the_o earth_n slide_v away_o swift_o during_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o stone_n will_v change_v the_o point_n mark_v out_o for_o another_o and_o in_o the_o second_o for_o the_o like_a cause_n the_o bullet_n shoot_v towards_o the_o east_n be_v prevent_v by_o the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o earth_n motion_n carry_v along_o with_o it_o the_o ordinance_n out_o of_o which_o it_o proceed_v shall_v return_v back_o over_o the_o shooters-head_n and_o contrariwise_o that_o bullet_n shoot_v towards_o the_o west_n beside_o his_o own_o motion_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o way_n shall_v be_v carry_v so_o much_o far_o as_o the_o earth_n be_v remove_v from_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v first_o discharge_v both_o which_o experiment_n seem_v to_o cross_v this_o circumgyration_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n which_o our_o magnetical_a cosmographer_n labour_v to_o confirm_v but_o with_o they_o to_o give_v a_o answer_n to_o these_o and_o the_o like_a experiment_n we_o must_v distinguish_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o three_o sort_n some_o be_v hard_a and_o solid_a part_n adjoin_v to_o the_o globe_n as_o stone_n mineral_n &_o what_o else_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v unite_v to_o it_o or_o at_o least_o necessary_o adherent_a to_o the_o outward_a face_n of_o it_o some_o other_o part_n there_o be_v of_o a_o thin_a and_o fluid_a substance_n as_o the_o air_n and_o other_o vapour_n in_o it_o derive_v from_o the_o earth_n a_o three_o sort_n there_o be_v of_o such_o part_n as_o be_v in_o themselves_o solid_a be_v notwithstanding_o by_o some_o violence_n separate_v from_o the_o solid_a globe_n as_o stone_n cast_v into_o the_o air_n arrow_n bullet_n and_o such_o like_a discharge_v from_o the_o hand_n or_o engine_n for_o the_o two_o former_a we_o may_v easy_o imagine_v they_o carry_v with_o the_o same_o circular_a motion_n which_o we_o assign_v unto_o the_o whole_a be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o part_n of_o it_o depend_v from_o the_o whole_a mass_n for_o the_o three_o sort_n whereof_o consist_v the_o difficulty_n we_o can_v imagine_v they_o so_o move_v round_o as_o if_o they_o be_v whole_o separate_v from_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n for_o howsoever_o there_o seem_v a_o separation_n according_a to_o matter_n and_o quantity_n yet_o retain_v they_o the_o same_o magnetical_a inclination_n to_o the_o whole_a mass_n as_o if_o they_o be_v unite_v to_o it_o and_o therefore_o such_o solid_a part_n be_v move_v with_o the_o same_o uniform_a and_o natural_a motion_n wherewith_o the_o earth_n itself_o be_v turn_v so_o that_o in_o solid_a body_n so_o separate_v from_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o a_o arrow_n or_o bullet_n shoot_v we_o must_v imagine_v a_o twofold_a motion_n the_o one_o natural_a &_o uniform_a whereby_o they_o be_v move_v as_o homogeneal_a part_n according_a to_o the_o revolution_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n the_o other_o violent_a by_o force_n impress_v from_o the_o agent_n the_o right_a motion_n proceed_v from_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o shooter_n can_v cross_v or_o hinder_v the_o natural_a because_o the_o one_o be_v right_a and_o the_o other_o circular_a admit_v no_o such_o proportion_n as_o that_o one_o shall_v hinder_v or_o further_o the_o other_o neither_o can_v these_o motion_n well_o be_v term_v contrary_a or_o opposite_a which_o be_v in_o diverse_a kind_n to_o explain_v this_o matter_n far_o we_o will_v add_v this_o diagramme_n l●t_v the_o whole_a orb_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v lqm_n who_o centre_n be_v a_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o air_n ascend_v from_o the_o earth_n o_o q._n now_o as_o the_o orb_n of_o this_o fluid_a substance_n of_o the_o air_n ascend_v uniform_o be_v move_v round_o with_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o must_v we_o imagine_v the_o part_n of_o it_o mark_v out_o by_o the_o right_a line_n oq_fw-la to_o be_v carry_v round_o with_o a_o unalterable_a revolution_n wherefore_o if_o any_o heavy_a body_n shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o line_n oq_fw-la as_o for_o example_n p_o it_o will_v fall_v down_o towards_o the_o centre_n by_o the_o short_a way_n in_o the_o same_o line_n oq_fw-la which_o motion_n downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n can_v neither_o be_v hinder_v by_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n nor_o yet_o mix_v or_o compound_v with_o it_o it_o can_v be_v hinder_v because_o as_o we_o have_v show_v a_o right_a motion_n and_o a_o circular_a being_n not_o in_o the_o same_o kind_n can_v proper_o be_v repute_v contrary_a neither_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n can_v they_o be_v mix_v or_o compound_v wherefore_o this_o motion_n will_v be_v no_o other_o than_o one_o simple_a and_o right_a motion_n never_o vary_v from_o the_o line_n oq_fw-la which_o be_v once_o understand_v it_o be_v no_o hard_a thing_n to_o imagine_v a_o bullet_n or_o stone_n force_v by_o equal_a strength_n from_o q_o towards_o l_o and_o from_o q._n towards_o the_o point_n m_o to_o observe_v always_o a_o like_a distance_n notwithstanding_o the_o earth_n circular_a revolution_n have_v hitherto_o show_v this_o spherical_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v possible_a and_o no_o way_n to_o contradict_v nature_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v it_o to_o be_v no_o way_n opposite_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o

as_o a_o giant_n to_o run_v his_o course_n 6_o his_o go_v forth_o be_v from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o his_o circuit_n unto_o the_o end_n of_o it_o and_o there_o be_v nothing_o hide_v from_o the_o heat_n thereof_o out_o of_o which_o word_n the_o heaven_n shall_v seem_v to_o challenge_v the_o motion_n which_o we_o have_v give_v unto_o the_o earth_n to_o this_o we_o answer_v two_o way_n first_o that_o although_o this_o may_v oppugn_v copernicus_n his_o opinion_n that_o the_o sun_n stand_v still_o in_o the_o midst_n as_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n yet_o may_v it_o well_o stand_v with_o our_o assertion_n who_o allow_v the_o sun_n his_o several_a motion_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a whether_o those_o word_n of_o the_o psalm_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o sun_n diurnal_a or_o periodicke_a motion_n be_v not_o so_o soon_o decide_v the_o scripture_n not_o specify_v express_o either_o 2_o we_o may_v answer_v with_o the_o copernicân_n that_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o these_o or_o the_o like_a place_n speak_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v willing_a to_o descend_v to_o the_o weak_a of_o man_n capacity_n and_o not_o to_o trouble_v man_n conceit_n with_o such_o matter_n as_o to_o vulgar_a judgement_n may_v seem_v unlikely_a or_o improbable_a the_o like_a analogy_n of_o speech_n may_v we_o find_v in_o the_o first_o of_o genesis_n where_o the_o moon_n be_v call_v one_o of_o the_o great_a light_n in_o regard_n of_o her_o appearance_n be_v notwithstanding_o one_o of_o the_o least_o these_o may_v suffice_v to_o show_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n circular_a motion_n to_o be_v probable_a i_o promise_v no_o more_o &_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v perform_v no_o less_o i_o never_o hold_v it_o a_o article_n of_o my_o faith_n to_o defend_v the_o one_o or_o oppugn_v the_o other_o and_o therefore_o leave_v every_o man_n to_o his_o own_o free_a judgement_n to_o embrace_v or_o reject_v what_o he_o please_v chap._n v._o of_o the_o site_n stability_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o of_o terrestrial_a affection_n which_o agree_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o we_o have_v hitherto_o speak_v we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v of_o such_o as_o agree_v to_o it_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n these_o be_v chief_o three_o 1_o the_o site_n 2_o the_o stability_n 3_o the_o proportion_n 2_o the_o site_n be_v the_o local_a position_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n it_o may_v seem_v a_o hard_a and_o almost_o impossible_a task_n for_o any_o man_n to_o reconcile_v that_o which_o have_v be_v speak_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n concern_v the_o earth_n circular_a revolution_n with_o the_o ground_n of_o common_a geographer_n which_o hold_v the_o terrestrial_a globe_n to_o be_v settle_v and_o fix_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o such_o as_o hold_v the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v copernicus_n will_v have_v the_o sun_n to_o 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as_o the_o wheel_n of_o a_o mill_n or_o such_o a_o like_a engine_n fix_v in_o one_o place_n be_v turn_v upon_o his_o own_o axle_n so_o that_o the_o motion_n we_o there_o understand_v be_v only_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o 24_o hour_n make_v the_o day_n and_o night_n the_o other_o two_o motion_n mention_v by_o copernicus_n may_v be_v find_v out_o in_o the_o heaven_n and_o leave_v to_o astronomer_n the_o reason_n why_o i_o entire_o embrace_v not_o copernicus_n his_o opinion_n be_v chief_o two_o first_o because_o it_o seem_v too_o harsh_a and_o dissonant_n in_o nature_n to_o make_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o body_n subject_a to_o so_o many_o motion_n especial_o such_o as_o by_o common_a philosopher_n be_v deny_v all_o motion_n second_o because_o the_o other_o motion_n grant_v to_o the_o earth_n must_v needs_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v place_v out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n the_o contrary_a of_o which_o we_o shall_v in_o this_o chapter_n god_n willing_a sufficient_o 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mass_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v cut_v and_o divide_v into_o many_o part_n equal_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o of_o the_o same_o weight_n and_o figure_n which_o part_v so_o divide_v be_v place_v in_o diverse_a place_n under_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o moon_n that_o they_o may_v be_v free_o leave_v to_o themselves_o to_o move_v according_a to_o their_o natural_a inclination_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o all_o their_o part_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n weight_n quantity_n and_o figure_n will_v descend_v with_o the_o same_o motion_n &_o in_o the_o same_o equal_a time_n to_o the_o same_o place_n which_o can_v in_o no_o wise_n happen_v except_o they_o shall_v concur_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o this_o reason_n for_o aught_o i_o understand_v be_v only_o probable_a and_o

give_v of_o they_o both_o for_o as_o much_o as_o if_o the_o polestar_n in_o eudozus_fw-la time_n move_v in_o a_o parallel_n equidistant_a from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o equatour_n which_o he_o seem_v to_o contend_v then_o must_v also_o the_o star_n of_o aries_n which_o be_v find_v once_o to_o be_v in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o vernal_a equinoxe_n move_v always_o in_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n and_o never_o vary_v from_o it_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o all_o the_o testimony_n before_o allege_v second_o where_o he_o say_v that_o copernicus_n perceive_v this_o error_n leave_v a_o base_a discovery_n without_o any_o demonstration_n except_o only_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o will_v know_v how_o joseph_n scaliger_n by_o any_o other_o mean_n come_v to_o know_v it_o i_o always_o suppose_v it_o a_o principle_n among_o mathematician_n that_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d have_v be_v the_o sure_a ground_n of_o mathematical_a demonstration_n for_o every_o reason_n which_o can_v 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will_v have_v or_o in_o the_o heaven_n that_o it_o can_v with_o any_o great_a probability_n be_v in_o the_o earth_n we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n where_o we_o have_v prove_v it_o to_o have_v a_o magnetical_a verticity_n whereby_o it_o continual_o respect_v the_o same_o pole_n the_o argument_n i_o confess_v be_v only_o probable_a but_o this_o be_v a_o opinion_n which_o scaliger_n defend_v not_o if_o we_o seek_v this_o effect_n in_o the_o heaven_n it_o must_v of_o necessity_n which_o scaliger_n confess_v happen_v one_o of_o these_o 2_o way_n for_o either_o the_o star_n stand_v unmoveable_a the_o equinoctial_a &_o solstitial_a point_n must_v be_v move_v or_o else_o the_o star_n themselves_o shall_v move_v as_o ptolemy_n defend_v here_o i_o can_v but_o remember_v a_o merry_a answer_n of_o that_o great_a atlas_n of_o art_n sir_n henry_n savile_n in_o the_o like_a question_n be_v once_o invite_v unto_o his_o table_n and_o have_v enter_v into_o some_o familiar_a discourse_n concern_v astronomical_a supposition_n i_o ask_v he_o what_o he_o think_v of_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o copernicus_n who_o hold_v the_o sun_n to_o stand_v fix_v and_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o triple_a motion_n his_o answer_n be_v he_o care_v not_o which_o be_v true_a so_o the_o apparence_n be_v solue_v and_o the_o account_n exact_a since_o each_o way_n either_o the_o old_a of_o ptolemy_n or_o the_o new_a of_o copernicus_n will_v indifferent_o serve_v a_o astronomer_n be_v it_o not_o all_o one_o say_v he_o sit_v at_o dinner_n whether_o my_o table_n be_v bring_v to_o i_o or_o i_o go_v to_o my_o table_n so_o i_o eat_v my_o meat_n such_o a_o answer_n will_v aswell_o befit_v this_o question_n whether_o the_o first_o star_n of_o aries_n shall_v be_v move_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n or_o the_o point_n from_o it_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n shall_v little_o trouble_v a_o cosmographer_n so_o either_o way_n may_v indifferent_o serve_v to_o salve_v the_o apparent_a observation_n but_o how_o scaliger_n upon_o this_o grant_a supposition_n will_v make_v all_o whole_a without_o disturb_v the_o order_n and_o form_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o celestial_a machine_n what_o regular_a motion_n he_o will_v give_v the_o sun_n who_o period_n describe_v the_o equinoctial_a point_n which_o he_o make_v movable_a what_o other_o pole_n he_o will_v assign_v to_o the_o world_n beside_o that_o of_o the_o equator_fw-la be_v a_o matter_n of_o a_o more_o curious_a search_n and_o beside_o the_o limit_n of_o my_o subject_n the_o full_a discussion_n of_o which_o point_n as_o most_o of_o the_o rest_n illis_fw-la relinquo_fw-la quorum_fw-la imagine_v lambunt_fw-la hederae_fw-la sequaces_fw-la 17_o the_o lesser_a parallel_n be_v equidistant_a line_n answer_v to_o the_o equator_fw-la which_o divide_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o two_o unequal_a part_n 18_o these_o lesser_a parallel_n be_v again_o of_o two_o sort_n either_o name_v or_o nameless_a name_v be_v such_o as_o be_v call_v by_o special_a name_n and_o have_v more_o special_a use_n in_o geography_n such_o as_o be_v the_o two_o tropic_n and_o the_o two_o polar_a circle_n 19_o the_o tropic_n be_v parallel_n bound_v the_o sun_n great_a declination_n which_o be_v either_o to_o the_o north_n and_o be_v call_v the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n or_o towards_o the_o south_n and_o be_v call_v the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n the_o tropicke_n have_v take_v their_o name_n from_o the_o conversion_n or_o turn_v back_o of_o the_o sun_n because_o the_o sun_n decline_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n either_o north_n or_o south_n proceed_v in_o his_o course_n no_o further_o than_o this_o circle_n and_o so_o turn_v back_o so_o that_o in_o the_o heaven_n they_o be_v as_o limit_n and_o bound_n comprehend_v within_o they_o that_o space_n without_o the_o which_o the_o sun_n never_o move_v consonant_a to_o these_o celestial_a tropic_n be_v there_o imagine_v in_o the_o earth_n the_o like_a immediate_o place_v 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resolve_v into_o 2580_o italian-mile_n 1_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o next_o be_v the_o two_o temperate_a zone_n the_o cold_a zone_n the_o least_o of_o all_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v find_v to_o be_v great_a as_o well_v in_o regard_n of_o longitude_n as_o latitude_n and_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o equatour_n into_o two_o half_n the_o next_o be_v the_o temperate_a but_o the_o two_o cold_a zone_n howsoever_o equal_v in_o diameter_n to_o the_o torrid_a be_v notwithstanding_o least_o of_o all_o where_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o every_o zone_n be_v of_o the_o same_o latitude_n from_o north_n to_o south_n begin_v where_o we_o will_v because_o it_o be_v contain_v betwixt_o two_o equidistant_a circle_n but_o all_o enjoy_v not_o the_o same_o longitude_n from_o east_n to_o west_n for_o the_o part_n of_o every_o zone_n by_o how_o much_o near_o they_o be_v to_o the_o equatour_n so_o much_o great_a longitude_n will_v they_o have_v by_o how_o much_o near_o the_o pole_n 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as_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a from_o the_o equatour_n to_o wit_n of_o 23_o degree_n 30_o scrup_n to_o which_o answer_n according_a to_o the_o former_a rule_n 1420_o italian-mile_n the_o invention_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n depend_v from_o the_o subtraction_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a from_o the_o equatour_n that_o be_v from_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v double_v from_o the_o whole_a quadrant_a in_o which_o subduction_n the_o residue_n will_v be_v 43_o to_o which_o will_v answer_v 2580_o italian-mile_n 1_o the_o zone_n wherein_o any_o place_n be_v seat_v may_v be_v know_v either_o by_o the_o globe_n or_o geographical_a table_n or_o else_o by_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n by_o the_o globe_n or_o universal_a map_n we_o may_v know_v it_o by_o the_o diligent_a observation_n of_o the_o four_o equidistant_a circle_n for_o if_o we_o

92_o 3_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v carry_v somewhere_o from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o somewhere_o from_o north_n to_o south_n &_o contrariwise_o 98_o 4_o of_o the_o violent_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n cause_v by_o wind_n 101_o 5_o to_o some_o certain_a place_n at_o certain_a time_n belong_v certain_a wind_n 102_o 6_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n make_v the_o sea_n sometime_o in_o some_o place_n transcend_v his_o ordinary_a bound_n 103_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o depth_n situation_n and_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v common_o answerable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o main_a land_n above_o the_o water_n and_o the_o whirlpool_n &_o extraordinary_a depth_n answer_v to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n above_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o earth_n 104_o 2_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v somewhere_o high_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n somewhere_o low_a 109_o 3_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v high_a in_o one_o place_n then_o another_o 111_o 4_o the_o water_n be_v so_o divide_v from_o the_o dry-land_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v great_a in_o the_o southern_a hemisphere_n of_o land_n in_o the_o northern_a 115_o 5_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v environ_v round_o with_o sea_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n 116_o 6_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o earth_n be_v enuirnoe_v round_o with_o water_n from_o north_n to_o south_n of_o the_o northwest_n passage_n 117_o chap._n viii_o ofsea_n traffic_n and_o merchandise_n 1_o navigation_n first_o teach_v by_o almighty_a god_n be_v afterward_o second_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o famous_a man_n in_o all_o age_n 132_o 2_o navigation_n be_v very_o necessary_a as_o well_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o knowledge_n as_o riches_n 135_o chap._n ix_o of_o pedography_n rivers_n lake_n and_o fountain_n in_o the_o earth_n 1_o all_o river_n have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o mother_n of_o river_n 142_o 2_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v not_o from_o the_o beginning_n 155_o 3_o many_o river_n be_v for_o a_o great_a space_n of_o land_n swallow_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o some_o after_o a_o certain_a distance_n rise_v again_o 156_o 4_o river_n for_o the_o most_o part_n rise_v out_o of_o great_a mountain_n and_o at_o last_o by_o diverse_a or_o one_o inlet_n be_v disburden_v into_o the_o sea_n 157_o 5_o diverse_a fountain_n be_v endow_v with_o diverse_a admirable_a virtue_n and_o operation_n 159_o 6_o place_n near_o great_a river_n and_o lake_n be_v most_o commodious_a for_o habitation_n 162_o 7_o of_o lake_n and_o their_o cause_n 162_o 8_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o some_o lake_n have_v some_o secret_a intercourse_n with_o the_o sea_n under_o ground_n 163_o chap._n x._o of_o mountain_n valley_n plaine-region_n woody_a and_o champion_n country_n 1_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n be_v create_v in_o the_o beginning_n and_o few_o make_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o deluge_n 165_o 2_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n seldom_o exceed_v 10_o furlong_n 169_o 3_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o land_n above_o the_o sea_n in_o diverse_a place_n be_v more_o than_o the_o height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n above_o the_o ordinary_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n 171_o 4_o mountain_n country_n be_v common_o cold_a than_o plain_a 172_o 5_o mountain_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n have_v still_o decrease_v in_o their_o quantity_n and_o so_o will_v unto_o the_o end_n 174_o 6_o of_o wood_n and_o their_o nature_n 178_o 7_o wood_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a or_o great_a as_o in_o ancient_a time_n 179_o 8_o place_n moderate_o situate_a towards_o the_o north_n or_o south-pole_n abound_v more_o in_o wood_n then_o near_o the_o equatour_n 180_o chap._n xi_o of_o land_n and_o continent_n 1_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o land_n be_v not_o from_o the_o first_o beginning_n but_o be_v afterward_o make_v by_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n 184_o 2_o peninsula_n by_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n fret_v through_o the_o isthmus_n have_v oftentimes_o turn_v into_o land_n and_o contrariwise_o peninsalas_o by_o diminution_n of_o the_o sea_n make_v of_o land_n 189_o chap._n xii_o of_o inundation_n and_o earthquake_n 1_o no_o universal_a inundation_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v natural_a the_o other_o may_v depend_v from_o natural_a cause_n 193_o 2_o particular_a alteration_n have_v happen_v to_o the_o bond_n of_o country_n by_o particular_a inundation_n 195_o 3_o certain_a region_n by_o reason_n of_o great_a river_n be_v subject_a to_o certain_a anniversary_n inundation_n 197_o 4_o region_n extreme_a cold_a or_o extreme_a hot_a be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n as_o place_n of_o a_o middle_a temper_n 201_o 5_o hollow_a and_o spongy_a place_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n then_o solid_a and_o compact_a soil_n 202_o 6_o land_n be_v more_o often_o trouble_v with_o earthquake_n then_o the_o continent_n 203_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o original_a of_o inhabitant_n 1_o all_o nation_n have_v their_o first_o original_n from_o one_o stock_n whence_o afterward_o they_o become_v divide_v 206_o 2_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v plant_v in_o paradise_n and_o thence_o translate_v to_o the_o place_n adjoin_v 208_o 3_o the_o first_o plantation_n of_o inhabitant_n immediate_o after_o the_o deluge_n begin_v in_o the_o east_n 213_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o disposition_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o site_n 1_o the_o people_n of_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n as_o well_o in_o riches_n and_o magnificence_n as_o valour_n science_n and_o civil_a government_n far_o surpass_v the_o people_n of_o the_o south_n hemisphere_n 221_o 2_o the_o extreme_a inhabitant_n towards_o the_o pole_n be_v in_o complexion_n hot_a and_o moist_a those_o towards_o the_o equatour_n cold_a and_o dry_a those_o of_o the_o middle_a partake_n of_o a_o middle_a temper_n 226_o 3_o the_o extreme_a inhabitant_n towards_o the_o pole_n be_v natural_o incline_v to_o mechanical_a work_n and_o martial_a endeavour_n the_o extreme_a towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o work_n of_o religion_n and_o contemplation_n the_o middle_n to_o law_n and_o civility_n 232_o 4_o the_o people_n of_o the_o extreme_a region_n towards_o the_o pole_n in_o martial_a prowess_n have_v common_o prove_v strong_a than_o those_o near_a the_o equatour_n but_o the_o middle_a people_n more_o provident_a then_o either_o in_o the_o establishment_n and_o preservation_n of_o commonwealth_n 236_o 5_o the_o extreme_a region_n in_o manner_n action_n and_o custom_n be_v clean_o opposite_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o the_o middle_n partake_v a_o mixture_n of_o both_o 239_o 6_o the_o people_n of_o the_o eastern_a hemisphere_n in_o science_n religion_n civility_n and_o magnificence_n and_o almost_o in_o every_o thing_n else_o be_v far_o superior_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o western_a 250_o 7_o the_o western_a people_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v more_o happy_a and_o able_a in_o martial_a discipline_n the_o eastern_a in_o witty_a contemplation_n and_o contemplative_a science_n 252_o 8_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o western_a hemisphere_n be_v people_v before_o the_o western_a 255_o chap._n xv._n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o disposition_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o soil_n 1_o mountaine-people_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n more_o stout_a warlike_a and_o generous_a than_o those_o of_o plain_a country_n yet_o less_o tractable_a to_o government_n 256_o 2_o windy_a region_n produce_v man_n of_o wild_a and_o instable_a disposition_n but_o quiet_a region_n more_o constant_a and_o courteous_a 273_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o disposition_n of_o inhabitant_n according_a to_o their_o original_n and_o education_n 1_o colony_n translate_v from_o one_o region_n into_o another_o far_a remote_a retain_v a_o long_a time_n their_o first_o disposition_n though_o by_o little_a &_o little_a they_o decline_v and_o suffer_v alteration_n 278_o 2_o the_o mixture_n of_o colonies_n beget_v the_o same_o nation_n a_o great_a disparity_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o nation_n among_o themselves_o 278_o 3_o education_n have_v a_o great_a force_n in_o the_o alteration_n of_o natural_a disposition_n yet_o so_o as_o by_o accident_n remit_v they_o soon_o return_v to_o their_o proper_a temper_n  _fw-fr 4_o by_o discipline_n nation_n become_v more_o wise_a and_o politic_a in_o the_o preservation_n of_o state_n yet_o less_o stout_a and_o courageous_a 283_o the_o analysis_n of_o the_o second_o book_n general_n which_o of_o a_o place_n general_o take_v without_o any_o special_a division_n handle_v the_o adjunct_n and_o propriety_n these_o agree_v to_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o which_o be_v internal_a or_o external_a common_a or_o magnetical_a whereof_o chapter_n 2._o heaven_n which_o be_v general_n or_o special_a chapt._n 3_o

cause_v common_o two_o way_n either_o by_o contagion_n natural_o incident_a to_o diverse_a place_n or_o by_o hostile_a invasion_n and_o devastation_n of_o this_o latter_a arise_v two_o main_a effect_n the_o first_o be_v the_o want_n and_o scarcity_n of_o inhabitant_n which_o shall_v dress_v and_o manure_v the_o ground_n to_o make_v it_o more_o fruitful_a and_o accommodate_v to_o man_n use_n the_o second_o be_v their_o poverty_n and_o captivity_n whereof_o the_o one_o make_v they_o unable_a the_o second_o unwilling_a to_o effect_v any_o great_a matter_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o land_n a_o good_a instance_n whereof_o we_o may_v find_v in_o the_o land_n of_o palestine_n which_o in_o time_n pass_v by_o god_n himself_o be_v call_v a_o land_n flow_v with_o milk_n and_o honey_n for_o the_o admirable_a pleasantness_n and_o fertility_n of_o the_o soil_n yet_o at_o this_o day_n if_o we_o will_v credit_v traveller_n report_v a_o most_o barren_a region_n devoid_a almost_o of_o all_o good_a commodity_n fit_a for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n in_o the_o ruin_n of_o which_o sometime_o famous_a kingdom_n every_o bleere-eyed_n judgement_n may_v easy_o read_v god_n curse_v long_o since_o denounce_v which_o strange_a alteration_n next_o unto_o god_n anger_n we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o hostile_a invasion_n of_o foreign_a enemy_n which_o have_v almost_o l●ft_a the_o land_n waste_n without_o the_o native_a inhabitant_n whence_o it_o can_v not_o choose_v in_o a_o short_a time_n but_o degenerate_a from_o the_o ancient_a fruitfulness_n the_o like_a may_v we_o find_v in_o all_o those_o miserable_a region_n which_o groan_n at_o this_o day_n under_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o usurp_a turk_n whence_o a_o proverb_n run_v currant_n among_o they_o that_o where_o the_o turk_n horse_n have_v once_o graze_v no_o grass_n will_v ever_o aft●r_o grow_v which_o signify_v no_o other_o than_o the_o barbarous_a manner_n of_o the_o turk_n have_v once_o conquer_v a_o land_n to_o lay_v it_o open_v ever_o after_o to_o devastation_n for_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n warlike_a man_n train_v up_o in_o martial_a discipline_n they_o little_a or_o nothing_o at_o all_o regard_n the_o use_n of_o husbandry_n whence_o in_o short_a time_n a_o country_n must_v needs_o turn_n wild_a and_o unfruitful_a to_o these_o cause_n we_o may_v add_v the_o influence_n of_o heavenly_a constellation_n which_o be_v vary_v according_a to_o the_o time_n produce_v no_o small_a effect_n in_o the_o change_n and_o alteration_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o diverse_a alteration_n in_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o be_v our_o second_o point_n we_o have_v refer●●ed_v to_o another_o place_n near_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n to_o which_o be_v proper_o appertain_v 3_o place_n have_v long_o continue_v without_o habitation_n be_v seldom_o so_o healthy_a and_o fit_a for_o dwell_v as_o those_o which_o have_v be_v inhabit_v this_o proposition_n i_o have_v know_v to_o be_v warrant_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o many_o experience_a navigator_n in_o so_o much_o as_o i_o presume_v few_o man_n can_v doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o who_o have_v either_o be_v a_o travaller_n himself_o into_o far_a country_n or_o at_o least_o have_v read_v other_o man_n discovery_n the_o only_a matter_n therefore_o we_o here_o intend_v be_v to_o produce_v certain_a cause_n of_o this_o effect_n to_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o such_o as_o make_v a_o distinction_n betwixt_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o effect_n and_o inquiry_n of_o the_o cause_n the_o first_o cause_n which_o i_o can_v allege_v be_v the_o industry_n of_o mankind_n inhabit_v any_o country_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a theorem_a out_o of_o which_o arise_v a_o twofold_a effect_n 1_o the_o improve_v of_o the_o soil_n by_o remove_v all_o such_o impediment_n as_o otherwise_o will_v prove_v noisome_a to_o mankind_n for_o whereas_o all_o thing_n grow_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n be_v suffer_v to_o rot_v into_o the_o ground_n in_o like_a manner_n what_o other_o can_v we_o expect_v but_o fen_n fog_n and_o noisome_a vapour_n altogether_o hurtful_a to_o the_o welfare_n and_o life_n of_o man_n 2_o the_o profit_n of_o man_n industry_n be_v no_o less_o apparent_a in_o manure_v the_o ground_n and_o open_v the_o upper_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v compose_v of_o diverse_a substance_n send_v forth_o many_o time_n certain_a hot_a fume_n and_o vapour_n which_o in_o many_o cold_a country_n mollify_v the_o usual_a rigour_n of_o the_o air_n which_o most_o offend_v the_o inhabitant_n this_o reason_n be_v give_v by_o my_o countryman_n captain_n whitborne_n for_o the_o extreme_a cold_a which_o some_o man_n profess_v themselves_o to_o have_v try_v in_o newfoundland_n which_o nevertheless_o according_a to_o many_o man_n description_n be_v know_v to_o lie_v far_o more_o south_n than_o england_n for_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n drive_v into_o the_o north_n part_n by_o the_o european_n who_o usual_o trade_n there_o for_o fish_n and_o they_o themselves_o live_v altogether_o on_o fish_n from_o the_o sea_n or_o some_o wild_a beast_n on_o the_o land_n as_o bear_n dear_a and_o such_o like_a without_o any_o manure_n of_o the_o ground_n for_o herbage_n the_o soil_n by_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n leave_v altogether_o unmanured_a so_o that_o neither_o the_o soil_n can_v be_v well_o cleanse_v from_o noisome_a vapour_n arise_v from_o the_o putrefaction_n of_o herbage_n rot_v as_o i_o say_v into_o the_o ground_n or_o leave_v free_a to_o send_v out_o such_o wholesome_a fume_n and_o vapour_n from_o its_o interior_a part_n which_o may_v warm_v the_o air_n and_o preserve_v mankind_n 3_o a_o three_o reason_n draw_v from_o man_n industry_n that_o those_o country_n which_o have_v enjoy_v inhabitant_n by_o the_o continual_a use_n of_o fire_n have_v their_o air_n more_o purge_v and_o refine_v from_o drossy_a and_o noisome_a vapour_n which_o usual_o arise_v out_o of_o a_o contagious_a soil_n daily_o infect_v by_o putrefaction_n for_o scarce_o any_o nation_n have_v be_v know_v so_o barbarous_a and_o ignorant_a which_o have_v not_o the_o invention_n and_o use_n of_o fire_n neither_o be_v any_o infection_n of_o the_o air_n so_o pestilent_a and_o opposite_a to_o humane_a constitution_n which_o the_o breath_n of_o fire_n will_v not_o in_o some_o sort_n dispel_v if_o any_o man_n object_n the_o distance_n of_o house_n and_o village_n wherein_o fire_n be_v use_v which_o seem_v to_o claim_v a_o small_a interest_n in_o the_o change_n of_o the_o air_n hang_v over_o a_o whole_a country_n let_v he_o well_o consider_v the_o quickness_n of_o motion_n and_o fluidity_n of_o the_o air_n pass_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o moment_n from_o one_o place_n to_o the_o other_o and_o he_o may_v soon_o answer_v his_o own_o objection_n all_o those_o reason_n hitherto_o mention_v a_o inhabit_a region_n owe_v to_o man_n industry_n which_o we_o general_o touch_v in_o the_o precedent_n theorem_a the_o second_o cause_n which_o be_v as_o a_o consequent_a of_o habitation_n be_v the_o necessity_n of_o breathe_v of_o people_n live_v in_o any_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n whereby_o may_v follow_v two_o effect_n 1_o a_o certain_a measure_n of_o heat_n impress_v into_o the_o air_n as_o we_o see_v in_o any_o room_n in_o a_o great_a throng_n of_o people_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o breathe_n together_o in_o one_o place_n 2_o the_o assimilation_n of_o the_o air_n to_o humane_a body_n by_o a_o continual_a respiration_n these_o alteration_n of_o the_o air_n may_v perhaps_o to_o common_a apprehension_n seem_v small_a and_o insensible_a but_o he_o that_o consider_v how_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v requisite_a for_o a_o man_n respiration_n and_o the_o space_n and_o extent_n of_o motion_n together_o with_o the_o multitude_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o a_o populous_a country_n will_v hold_v it_o no_o strange_a matter_n that_o the_o breathe_n of_o man_n shall_v breed_v such_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o air_n we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o strong_a build_v house_n be_v leave_v tenantlesse_a will_v soon_o fall_v into_o decay_n not_o so_o much_o for_o want_v of_o reparation_n as_o the_o foggy_a vapour_n and_o moisture_n cause_v by_o want_n of_o respiration_n the_o like_a whereof_o in_o some_o proportion_n may_v we_o imagine_v to_o be_v in_o a_o region_n want_v inhabitant_n and_o deprive_v of_o this_o benefit_n of_o nature_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o general_n adjunct_n of_o place_n 1_o in_o a_o place_n topographical_o take_v two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v 1._o the_o adjunct_n 2_o the_o description_n the_o adjunct_n be_v such_o propriety_n as_o agree_v to_o special_a place_n 2_o such_o adjunct_n agree_v to_o a_o place_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o or_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n those_o which_o agree_v to_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o

it_o will_v ever_o prosper_v 4_o why_o our_o mastiff_n a_o serviceable_a kind_n of_o creature_n against_o the_o molestation_n of_o wolf_n and_o such_o hurtful_a beast_n transport_v into_o france_n shall_v after_o a_o litter_n or_o two_o degenerate_a into_o cur_n and_o prove_v altogether_o unseruiceable_a 5_o why_o with_o we_o in_o england_n some_o place_n produce_v sheep_n of_o great_a stature_n but_o course_n wool_n other_o place_n small_a sheep_n but_o of_o very_o fine_a wool_n which_o be_v natural_o transplant_v will_v in_o a_o generation_n or_o two_o so_o degenerate_a the_o one_o into_o the_o other_o nature_n that_o the_o great_a sheep_n loose_v somewhat_o of_o their_o greatness_n yet_o improve_v their_o fleece_n as_o the_o other_o increase_v their_o stature_n but_o loose_a much_o in_o the_o fineness_n of_o their_o wool_n 6_o why_o many_o place_n at_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o mountain_n andi_fw-la in_o america_n can_v be_v pass_v over_o without_o extreme_a vomit_v and_o gripe_v even_o unto_o death_n 7_o why_o a_o river_n in_o the_o indies_n shall_v have_v such_o a_o nature_n to_o breed_v a_o great_a long_a worm_n in_o a_o man_n leg_n which_o oftentimes_o prove_v mortal_a unto_o the_o patient_a with_o infinite_a the_o like_a example_n find_v in_o geographer_n concern_v the_o nature_n and_o accident_n of_o fountain_n herb_n tree_n beast_n and_o man_n themselves_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o so_o much_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o soil_n what_o wise_a answer_n can_v a_o ingenious_a man_n expect_v then_o silence_n or_o admiration_n for_o to_o make_v recourse_n to_o sympathy_n antipathy_n and_o such_o hide_a quality_n with_o the_o current_n of_o our_o philosopher_n be_v no_o other_o than_o in_o such_o sort_n to_o confess_v our_o own_o ignorance_n as_o if_o notwithstanding_o we_o desire_v to_o be_v account_v learned_a for_o beside_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o term_n wherein_o every_o mountebank_n may_v talk_v down_o a_o judicious_a scholar_n i_o see_v no_o advantage_n betwixt_o a_o clown_n which_o say_v he_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o cause_n of_o such_o a_o effect_n or_o of_o a_o juggle_a scholar_n which_o assign_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v a_o sympathy_n antipathy_n or_o some_o occult_a quality_n i_o speak_v not_o this_o to_o countenance_v supine_n blockishness_n or_o to_o cast_v a_o block_n in_o the_o way_n of_o curious_a industry_n the_o former_a disposition_n i_o have_v always_o hate_v and_o the_o latter_a still_o wish_v in_o myself_o and_o admit_v in_o other_o all_o which_o i_o can_v in_o this_o matter_n propose_v to_o a_o curious_a wit_n to_o be_v seek_v must_v be_v reduce_v to_o one_o of_o these_o two_o head_n for_o either_o such_o admirable_a effect_n as_o we_o have_v mention_v must_v arise_v from_o some_o formal_a and_o specifical_a virtue_n in_o the_o soil_n or_o from_o some_o extraordinary_a temperament_n make_v of_o a_o rare_a combination_n of_o the_o element_n and_o their_o secondary_a mixture_n as_o of_o herb_n stone_n mineral_n and_o vapour_n arise_v from_o such_o and_o affect_v the_o air_n of_o both_o which_o we_o shall_v have_v some_o occasion_n to_o treat_v in_o the_o particular_a adjunct_n of_o place_n yet_o so_o as_o i_o fear_v i_o shall_v neither_o give_v myself_o content_a or_o my_o reader_n any_o sufficient_a satisfaction_n but_o in_o magnis_fw-la voluisse_fw-la sit_v est_fw-la 11_o hitherto_o of_o the_o common_a imbred_a adjunct_n of_o the_o earth_n topographical_o take_v next_o we_o will_v speak_v somewhat_o of_o the_o magnetical_a affection_n of_o a_o place_n these_o be_v in_o number_n two_o viz_o variation_n and_o declination_n we_o have_v in_o our_o former_a treatise_n of_o the_o magnetical_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n handle_v diverse_a other_o affection_n grow_v from_o the_o magnetical_a temper_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n whence_o some_o man_n may_v here_o collect_v this_o repetition_n to_o be_v altogether_o needless_a or_o at_o the_o least_o imperfect_a omit_v many_o other_o of_o the_o magnetical_a affection_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o speak_v of_o these_o affection_n as_o they_o agree_v to_o the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n another_o thing_n to_o consider_v they_o as_o they_o be_v particular_a propriety_n and_o mark_n of_o particular_a place_n and_o region_n in_o the_o former_a sort_n have_v we_o beside_o the_o variation_n and_o declination_n handle_v many_o other_o affection_n of_o the_o earth_n magnetical_o consider_v we_o here_o only_o speak_v of_o these_o two_o as_o they_o be_v special_a mark_n and_o propriety_n of_o sqeciall_a place_n which_o it_o behoove_v a_o topographer_n to_o observe_v as_o a_o matter_n worthy_a of_o observation_n in_o the_o description_n of_o any_o place_n the_o use_n shall_v be_v commend_v unto_o we_o in_o these_o two_o theorem_n 1._o the_o magnetical_a variation_n be_v of_o no_o use_n for_o the_o first_o find_v out_o of_o the_o longitude_n yet_o may_v it_o serve_v to_o good_a purpose_n for_o the_o recognition_n of_o a_o place_n heretofore_o discover_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o we_o have_v show_v in_o our_o former_a book_n because_o the_o variation_n seldom_o or_o never_o answer_v proportional_o to_o the_o longitude_n as_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n on_o false_a ground_n have_v surmise_v whence_o no_o true_a consequence_n can_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o variation_n of_o a_o place_n to_o the_o find_v out_o of_o the_o longitude_n yet_o may_v it_o be_v of_o special_a use_n for_o the_o new_a find_v out_o of_o such_o place_n as_o have_v former_o by_o other_o be_v first_o discover_v so_o the_o variation_n be_v first_o by_o they_o diligent_o and_o faithful_o note_v and_o observe_v first_o because_o few_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n can_v exact_o and_o precise_o agree_v in_o the_o selfsame_o variation_n but_o in_o some_o degree_n or_o minute_n will_v be_v find_v to_o vary_v second_o if_o any_o two_o place_n shall_v be_v find_v to_o accord_v in_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o variation_n yet_o compare_v the_o variation_n with_o the_o degree_n of_o declination_n we_o shall_v common_o find_v a_o difference_n for_o as_o much_o as_o place_n agree_v in_o variation_n may_v notwithstanding_o vary_v in_o the_o declination_n three_o if_o two_o place_n shall_v be_v equalise_v in_o both_o as_o we_o can_v deny_v it_o to_o be_v possible_a yet_o the_o compare_v of_o these_o two_o magnetical_a motion_n with_o other_o affection_n as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o as_o of_o the_o heaven_n will_v give_v at_o least_o a_o probable_a distinction_n of_o which_o case_n it_o be_v not_o hard_o out_o of_o the_o observation_n of_o our_o new_a writer_n and_o navigatour_n to_o give_v particular_a instance_n concern_v the_o first_o we_o find_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n at_o cape_n verde_n to_o be_v just_a 7_o degree_n about_o the_o land_n near_o to_o cape_n verde_n to_o amount_v only_o to_o 4_o degree_n whence_o a_o seaman_n if_o other_o help_v fail_v may_v hereafter_o as_o he_o pass_v distinguish_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o if_o occasion_n serve_v correct_v this_o error_n in_o the_o like_a sort_n may_v a_o man_n otherwise_o altogether_o ignorant_a of_o the_o place_n out_o of_o former_a observation_n in_o the_o same_o island_n of_o cuba_n distinguish_v betwixt_o cape_n corientes_n and_o cape_n s._n anthony_n in_o that_o the_o one_o have_v only_o 3_o degree_n of_o variation_n whereas_o the_o other_o have_v 13_o for_o a_o instance_n of_o the_o second_o case_n we_o will_v take_v the_o coast_n of_o brasill_n 100_o league_n distant_a from_o the_o shore_n &_o cape_n corientes_n beyond_o cape_n bonae_fw-la spei_fw-la which_o agree_v in_o the_o same_o variation_n to_o wit_n amount_v to_o 7_o degree_n 30_o minute_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v distinguish_v by_o their_o several_a declination_n for_o howsoever_o the_o magnetical_a motion_n of_o variation_n be_v of_o late_o invent_v have_v not_o so_o particular_o be_v trace_v out_o in_o all_o or_o most_o place_n yet_o must_v the_o declination_n of_o each_o place_n needs_o be_v different_a for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a have_v 23_o degree_n of_o south_n latitude_n the_o other_o none_o at_o all_o lie_a just_a under_o the_o equinoctial_a since_o the_o latitude_n as_o we_o have_v former_o teach_v be_v in_o some_o measure_n proportional_a to_o the_o declination_n for_o the_o three_o if_o any_o two_o place_n be_v find_v agree_v both_o in_o variation_n and_o declination_n as_o may_v be_v probable_o guess_v of_o cape_n rosse_n in_o s._n johns_n island_n and_o the_o west_n end_n of_o s._n john_n de_fw-fr porto_n rico_n the_o latitude_n be_v all_o one_o as_o of_o 17_o degree_n 44_o minute_n and_o the_o variation_n admit_v perhaps_o insensible_a difference_n to_o wit_n of_o a_o little_a more_o than_o one_o degree_n yet_o may_v this_o help_v conjoin_v with_o former_a

our_o eastern_a wind_n be_v find_v to_o be_v dry_a of_o all_o other_o whereof_o no_o other_o cause_n can_v be_v give_v then_o that_o it_o come_v over_o a_o great_a continent_n of_o land_n lie_v towards_o the_o east_n out_o of_o which_o many_o dry_a and_o earthly_a exhalation_n be_v draw_v so_o the_o western_a wind_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v very_o moist_a because_o it_o pass_v over_o the_o huge_a atlantic_a ocean_n which_o must_v needs_o cast_v forth_o many_o watery_a and_o moist_a vapour_n which_o beget_v rain_n and_o shower_n from_o the_o moisture_n of_o which_o western_a wind_n some_o have_v seek_v out_o a_o answer_n to_o that_o problem_n why_o hunt_v hound_n shall_v not_o send_v nor_o hunt_v so_o well_o the_o wind_n be_v in_o the_o west_n as_o at_o other_o time_n for_o say_v they_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o moisture_n of_o it_o either_o in_o make_v hindrance_n to_o their_o leg_n in_o run_v or_o at_o least_o to_o their_o smell_n be_v very_o thick_a and_o foggy_a in_o this_o western_a wind_n we_o may_v also_o perceive_v much_o cold_a which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o quality_n of_o those_o watery_a vapour_n through_o which_o it_o pass_v which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o water_n be_v natural_o cold_a in_o our_o south_n wind_n we_o shall_v find_v both_o heat_n and_o moisture_n whereof_o the_o former_a arise_v from_o the_o sun_n which_o in_o those_o southern_a region_n near_o the_o equatour_n be_v most_o predominant_a the_o latter_a from_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o place_n because_o before_o it_o approach_v our_o coast_n it_o pass_v over_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n out_o of_o which_o the_o sun_n beget_v abundance_n of_o watery_a vapour_n which_o mix_v themselves_o with_o the_o wind_n final_o the_o northwind_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v cold_a and_o dry_a it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v cold_a because_o it_o be_v carry_v over_o diverse_a cold_a and_o snowy_a place_n most_o remote_a from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v dry_a because_o it_o pass_v over_o many_o land_n and_o dry_a place_n send_v out_o store_n of_o dry_a exhalation_n as_o also_o because_o the_o sun_n be_v very_o remote_a from_o those_o region_n few_o exhalation_n be_v draw_v up_o which_o may_v infect_v it_o by_o impression_n of_o their_o watery_a quality_n these_o instance_n may_v serve_v to_o prove_v our_o assertion_n that_o meteor_n wherewith_o the_o air_n be_v usual_o charge_v and_o by_o consequence_n their_o quality_n impress_v into_o the_o air_n be_v depend_v from_o the_o earth_n out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v draw_v either_o direct_o from_o the_o same_o region_n which_o they_o affect_v or_o oblique_o from_o some_o other_o region_n remote_a from_o it_o howsoever_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v from_o the_o soil_n we_o can_v altogether_o exclude_v the_o heaven_n as_o shall_v be_v teach_v hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a chap._n iii_o of_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o heaven_n 1_o we_o have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n speak_v of_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o it_o self_n we_o be_v now_o to_o proceed_v to_o such_o accident_n as_o agree_v to_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 2_o the_o adjunct_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o general_n or_o special_a general_n i_o call_v such_o as_o be_v abstract_v from_o any_o special_a quality_n or_o condition_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o any_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n these_o accident_n concern_v either_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n or_o the_o division_n of_o the_o place_n both_o which_o we_o have_v handle_v in_o our_o spherical_a part_n of_o geography_n the_o special_a be_v such_o as_o concern_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n not_o absolute_o but_o respect_v some_o special_a quality_n or_o property_n depend_v on_o such_o situation_n which_o more_o proper_o belong_v to_o this_o part_n for_o the_o unfold_n of_o which_o before_o we_o descend_v to_o particularity_n we_o will_v premise_v this_o one_o general_a theorem_a 1_o place_n according_a to_o their_o diverse_a situation_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v diverse_o affect_v in_o quality_n and_o constitution_n this_o proposition_n need_v no_o proof_n as_o be_v ground_v on_o ordinary_a experience_n for_o who_o find_v not_o betwixt_o the_o north_n and_o the_o south_n a_o manifest_a difference_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a moisture_n and_o drought_n with_o other_o quality_n thereon_o depend_v as_o well_o in_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o soil_n itself_o as_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n only_o three_o point_n will_v here_o require_v a_o exposition_n first_o by_o what_o mean_n and_o instrument_n the_o heaven_n may_v be_v say_v to_o work_v on_o the_o earth_n second_o how_o far_o this_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n on_o the_o earth_n may_v extend_v and_o what_o limit_n it_o may_v suffer_v three_o how_o these_o operation_n be_v distinguish_v one_o from_o the_o other_o concern_v the_o first_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o our_o ordinary_a philosopher_n that_o the_o heaven_n work_n on_o inferior_a body_n by_o three_o instrument_n to_o wit_n light_n motion_n and_o influence_n by_o light_n as_o by_o a_o instrumental_a agent_n it_o engender_v heat_n in_o the_o air_n and_o earth_n not_o that_o the_o light_n be_v in_o a_o sort_n a_o immaterial_a quality_n can_v immediate_o of_o itself_o produce_v heat_n be_v material_a and_o elementary_a but_o by_o attrition_n and_o rarefaction_n whereby_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v make_v thin_a approach_v near_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o fire_n and_o so_o conceive_v heat_n this_o be_v again_o perform_v two_o way_n either_o by_o a_o simple_a or_o compo_fw-it und_v beam_n the_o simple_a ray_n be_v weak_a the_o compound_v infer_v a_o double_n of_o the_o ray_n by_o reflection_n be_v strong_a and_o of_o more_o validity_n in_o the_o operation_n and_o by_o consequence_n so_o much_o the_o more_o copious_a in_o the_o production_n of_o heat_n by_o how_o much_o more_o the_o reflection_n be_v great_a if_o we_o mere_o consider_v it_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o heaven_n without_o any_o consideration_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o motion_n the_o heaven_n may_v exercise_v their_o operation_n on_o the_o earth_n two_o way_n first_o by_o attenuate_v and_o rarefy_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o air_n next_o adjoin_v turn_v it_o into_o fire_n as_o some_o philosopher_n will_v have_v it_o whence_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o air_n communicate_v in_o this_o affection_n must_v needs_o partake_v some_o degree_n of_o heat_n but_o this_o i_o hold_v to_o be_v a_o conceit_n ground_v only_o upon_o aristotle_n authority_n who_o suppose_v the_o heaven_n to_o be_v a_o solid_a compact_a body_n which_o will_v not_o so_o soon_o be_v grant_v of_o many_o more_o modern_a mathematician_n second_o the_o heavenly_a body_n may_v be_v say_v to_o work_v on_o inferior_a thing_n by_o motion_n in_o that_o by_o motion_n they_o be_v diverse_o dispose_v and_o order_v to_o diverse_a aspect_n and_o configuration_n of_o the_o star_n and_o planet_n whereby_o they_o may_v produce_v diverse_a effect_n so_o that_o in_o this_o sense_n the_o heaven_n be_v imagine_v as_o a_o disponent_fw-la cause_n which_o do_v not_o so_o much_o produce_v the_o effect_n themselves_o as_o vary_v the_o operation_n hereon_o be_v ground_v all_o astrology_n as_o that_o which_o out_o of_o diverse_a aspect_n and_o combination_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o sign_n foreshow_v diverse_a event_n the_o three_o instrument_n by_o which_o the_o heaven_n be_v say_v to_o work_v be_v the_o heavenly_a influence_n which_o be_v a_o hide_a and_o secret_a quality_n not_o subject_a to_o sense_n but_o only_o know_v and_o find_v out_o by_o the_o effect_n this_o three_o agent_n be_v by_o some_o question_v will_v hardly_o be_v believe_v but_o that_o a_o necessity_n in_o nature_n constrain_v it_o for_o many_o effect_n be_v find_v in_o inferior_a body_n cause_v by_o the_o heaven_n which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o light_n or_o motion_n as_o for_o example_n the_o production_n of_o metal_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o neither_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o can_v challenge_v any_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o light_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a be_v far_o remote_a from_o the_o sunbeam_n the_o other_o cease_v not_o to_o move_v in_o his_o channel_n when_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n be_v both_o under_o the_o earth_n beside_o who_o can_v give_v a_o reason_n of_o the_o excess_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o canicular_a or_o dog-day_n if_o he_o exclude_v this_o influence_n for_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n we_o shall_v find_v

holy_a scripture_n and_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a ●hat_n many_o of_o those_o 〈◊〉_d people_n fetch_v their_o first_o original_n from_o they_o the_o second_a cause_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o industry_n and_o labour_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o tillage_n and_o manure_v of_o the_o ground_n wherein_o the_o southern_a inhabitant_n have_v be_v more_o deficient_a fo●_n it_o be_v certain_a out_o of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n that_o noah_n ark_n wherein_o be_v th●_n seminary_n of_o mankind_n and_o almost_o all_o other_o liu●●g_v 〈◊〉_d rest_v in_o ●he_n northern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n whence_o both_o man_n and_o beast_n begin_v to_o be_v propagate_v towards_o the_o south●punc_fw-la no_o far_o than_o necessity_n enforce_v the_o region_n inhabit_v g●●wing_v daily_o more_o and_o more_o populous_a and_o as_o i●_n be_v groan_v to_o be_v deliver_v o●_n some_o of_o her_o child_n hence_o may_v be_v infer_v too_o consec●aries_n first_o that_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n be_v 〈◊〉_d soon_o and_o be_v now_o therefore_o ●ore_o populous_a than_o the_o southern_a second_o that_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a man_n which_o be_v best_a seat_v rath●r_n choose_v to_o keep_v their_o ancient_a habitation_n send_v such_o abroad_o who_o can_v either_o be_v best_a spare_v or_o have_v the_o small_a possession_n at_o home_n yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v but_o they_o retain_v with_o they_o a_o sufficient_a company_n and_o more_o than_o go_v away_o out_o of_o which_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o northern_a half_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v best_o inhabit_v shall_v be_v best_o manure_v and_o culture_v from_o whence_o the_o ground_n must_v in_o time_n prove_v more_o fruitful_a and_o commodious_a for_o habitation_n for_o as_o a_o fruitful_a country_n for_o want_n of_o the_o due_a manure_a and_o tillage_n do_v degenerate_a and_o wax_v barren_a so_o diverse_a barren_a and_o sterile_a country_n have_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v bring_v to_o fertility_n and_o make_v capable_a of_o many_o good_a commodity_n necessary_a for_o man_n life_n if_o i_o be_v curious_a to_o draw_v argument_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o heaven_n i_o can_v allege_v the_o greatness_n and_o multitude_n of_o star_n of_o the_o great_a magnitude_n in_o our_o northern_a hemisphere_n wherein_o the_o southern_a be_v deficient_a as_o also_o the_o long_o sojourn_v of_o the_o sun_n in_o our_o northern_a hemisphere_n but_o these_o as_o uncertain_a cause_n i_o pass_v over_o other_o reason_n may_v perchance_o be_v find_v out_o by_o those_o who_o be_v inquisitive_a into_o the_o secret_n of_o nature_n to_o who_o i_o leave_v the_o more_o exact_a search_n of_o these_o matter_n 4_o either_o hemisphere_n consist_v of_o 90_o degree_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n each_o of_o they_o contain_v 30_o degree_n 5_o of_o these_o part_n 30_o we_o allot_v for_o heat_n 30_o for_o cold_a and_o 30_o for_o temperature_n whereof_o the_o former_a lie_v towards_o the_o equatour_n the_o second_o towards_o the_o pole_n the_o three_o betwixt_o both_o the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o our_o former_a treatise_n divide_v the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o five_o zone_n which_o they_o suppose_v have_v also_o proportional_o divide_v the_o temper_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o heat_n and_o cold_a shall_v in_o rease_n or_o diminish_v which_o rule_n of_o they_o have_v be_v very_o certain_a be_v there_o no_o other_o cause_n concurrent_a in_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o air_n but_o only_o the_o heaven_n but_o since_o that_o many_o other_o concurrent_a cause_n as_o we_o have_v show_v mix_v themselves_o with_o these_o celestial_a operation_n and_o the_o experiment_n of_o navigatour_n have_v find_v out_o a_o disproportion_n in_o the_o quality_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o distance_n some_o late_a writer_n have_v seek_v out_o a_o new_a pertition_n more_o consonant_a to_o natural_a experience_n the_o whole_a latitude_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n consist_v of_o 90_o degree_n from_o the_o equatour_n to_o the_o pole_n they_o have_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n allow_v 30_o degree_n towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o heat_n 30_o degree_n towards_o the_o pole_n to_o cold_a and_o the_o other_o 30_o degree_n lie_v betwixt_o both_o to_o temperature_n these_o 30_o degree_n for_o imagination_n sake_n they_o have_v subdivide_v again_o each_o of_o they_o into_o two_o part_n contain_v 15_o degree_n a_o piece_n more_o particular_o to_o design_n out_o the_o special_a disposition_n of_o each_o region_n lie_v either_o northward_o or_o southward_o from_o the_o equatour_n which_o be_v the_o bind_v betwixt_o both_o hemisphere_n in_o the_o first_o section_n of_o 30_o degree_n lie_v northward_o from_o the_o equatour_n we_o comprehend_v in_o africa_n numidia_n nigritarum_fw-la regio_fw-la lybia_n guinia_n nubia_n egypt_n ethiopia_n superior_a in_o asia_n arabia_n india_n insulae_fw-la philippinae_fw-la in_o america_n nova_fw-la hispania_n hispaniola_n cuba_n with_o other_o part_n of_o america_n mexicana_n in_o the_o other_o extreme_a section_n from_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n to_o the_o pole_n we_o comprehend_v in_o europe_n groenland_n island_n friesland_n norwey_n suethland_n for_o the_o most_o part_n nova_fw-la zembla_n in_o asia_n a_o great_a part_n of_o scythia_n orientalis_n in_o america_n anian_n quivira_n with_o diverse_a other_o part_n of_o the_o north_n of_o america_n mexicana_n in_o the_o middle_n betwixt_o both_o betwixt_o 30_o and_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n we_o comprehend_v in_o africa_n barbary_n in_o europe_n all_o the_o kingdom_n except_o those_o north_n province_n before_o name_v and_o almost_o all_o asia_n except_o some_o place_n towards_o the_o south_n as_o arabia_n india_n and_o the_o philippinae_fw-la insulae_fw-la former_o place_v in_o the_o first_o section_n in_o like_a manner_n may_v we_o divide_v the_o southern_a hemisphere_n into_o three_o section_n in_o the_o first_o from_o the_o equatour_n 30_o degree_n we_o place_v in_o africa_n congo_n monomotapa_n madagascar_n in_o the_o southern_a tract_n beach_n and_o nova_fw-la guinia_n with_o many_o land_n thereunto_o adjoin_v as_o many_o of_o the_o philippinae_fw-la insulae_fw-la with_o insulae_fw-la solomonis_fw-la in_o america_n peru_n tisnada_n brasilia_n with_o the_o most_o part_n of_o that_o region_n which_o they_o call_v america_n peruana_n in_o the_o other_o extreme_a section_n from_o 60_o degree_n to_o the_o antarctike_a pole_n be_v couch_v the_o most_o part_n of_o that_o great_a land_n scarce_o yet_o discover_v call_v terra_fw-la australis_fw-la incognita_fw-la in_o the_o middle_a region_n betwixt_o both_o from_o 30_o to_o 60_o degree_n shall_v we_o find_v place_v in_o america_n the_o region_n of_o the_o pantagones_n in_o the_o southern_a continent_n maletur_fw-la javaminor_fw-la with_o many_o other_o in_o discover_v the_o quality_n of_o these_o several_a section_n or_o partition_n of_o the_o earth_n our_o chief_a discourse_n must_v be_v address_v to_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n as_o that_o be_v more_o discover_v and_o know_v among_o old_a and_o new_a writer_n by_o which_o according_a to_o the_o former_a proposition_n one_o may_v parallel_v the_o other_o concern_v which_o we_o will_v infer_v these_o proposition_n 1_o in_o the_o first_o section_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n the_o first_o 15_o degree_n from_o the_o equatour_n be_v find_v somewhat_o temperate_a the_o other_o 15_o about_o the_o tropic_n exceed_v hot._n that_o the_o region_n lie_v under_o the_o equatour_n be_v temperate_o hot_a contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n almost_o of_o all_o the_o ancient_n have_v be_v in_o part_n prove_v heretofore_o as_o well_o by_o reason_n as_o experiment_n for_o that_o all_o place_n by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o they_o approach_v the_o equatour_n by_o so_o much_o more_o shall_v be_v hot_a as_o some_o imagine_v diverse_a instance_n will_v contradict_v it_o be_v report_v by_o aluarez_n that_o the_o abyssine_a ambassador_n arrive_v at_o lisbon_n in_o portugal_n be_v there_o almost_o choke_v with_o extreme_a heat_n also_o p●rguer_n the_o german_n relate_v that_o he_o have_v feel_v the_o weather_n more_o hot_a about_o dantzicke_n and_o the_o baltic_a sea_n then_o at_o tholouse_n in_o a_o ●eruent_a summer_n the_o cause_n which_o we_o have_v before_o touch_v be_v chief_o two_o the_o first_o be_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v high_a in_o this_o orb_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o under_o the_o equatour_n and_o move_v more_o swift_o from_o they_o spend_v on_o they_o only_o twelve_o hour_n whence_o so_o great_a a_o impression_n of_o heat_n can_v be_v make_v as_o in_o other_o place_n for_o heat_n be_v a_o material_a quality_n must_v necessary_o require_v some_o latitude_n of_o time_n to_o be_v impress_v into_o the_o air_n or_o any_o other_o subject_n from_o the_o diminution_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o region_n must_v the_o air_n need_v receive_v into_o

wherein_o every_o body_n seek_v its_o own_o safety_n the_o other_o general_n wherein_o all_o body_n concur_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a the_o former_a proceed_v from_o the_o special_a form_n and_o nature_n of_o every_o body_n which_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o union_n of_o all_o his_o part_n to_o itself_o this_o union_n be_v great_a of_o all_o in_o a_o spherical_a figure_n wherein_o all_o the_o extreme_a part_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n admit_v no_o equality_n of_o dimension_n the_o general_n depend_v from_o the_o resultancy_n and_o harmony_n of_o all_o the_o part_n whereby_o be_v cause_v a_o union_n of_o all_o the_o part_n with_o the_o whole_a to_o who_o preservation_n they_o be_v secondary_o direct_v whence_o arise_v a_o double_a figurature_n of_o the_o water_n the_o one_o of_o a_o sphere_n excentricall_a with_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o also_o of_o a_o sphere_n but_o concentricke_a with_o the_o earth_n whereof_o this_o conicall_a figure_n be_v compound_v why_o this_o figure_n shall_v be_v more_o sensible_a in_o a_o small_a drop_n or_o quantity_n then_o in_o the_o ocean_n may_v be_v declare_v from_o the_o same_o ground_n well_o understand_v because_o the_o convexity_n of_o the_o lesser_a sphere_n excentricke_a with_o the_o earth_n be_v more_o and_o the_o great_a be_v less_o for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o lesser_a be_v the_o sphere_n the_o great_a will_v be_v the_o convexity_n and_o by_o how_o much_o great_a the_o sphere_n the_o lesser_a will_v the_o be_v convexity_n or_o crookedness_n wherefore_o this_o crookedness_n be_v in_o a_o small_a measure_n of_o water_n very_o sensible_a in_o a_o main_a ocean_n will_v by_o sense_n be_v hardly_o distinguish_v from_o a_o right_a line_n 8_o of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o water_n we_o have_v speak_v we_o must_v now_o speak_v of_o the_o quality_n which_o be_v twofold_a saltness_n and_o thickness_n 1_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_n not_o by_o nature_n but_o by_o accident_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v of_o a_o saltish_a quality_n no_o man_n have_v ever_o doubt_v at_o least_o in_o most_o part_n but_o whether_o this_o saltish_a quality_n essential_o agree_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o therein_o create_v or_o else_o accidental_o bring_v in_o i_o find_v no_o small_a difference_n among_o philosopher_n those_o which_o defend_v the_o saltishnesse_n to_o be_v accidental_a be_v divide_v into_o diverse_a sort_n for_o some_o of_o the_o old_a philosopher_n imagine_v that_o the_o earth_n chase_v and_o heat_v with_o the_o sun_n continual_o sweat_v out_o water_n whence_o be_v make_v the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o shall_v have_v a_o saltish_a taste_n because_o all_o sweat_n be_v of_o this_o quality_n but_o this_o opinion_n i_o take_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o pleasant_a allegory_n of_o the_o old_a greek_a writer_n who_o write_v their_o philosophy_n in_o verse_n and_o therefore_o use_v such_o allusion_n as_o we_o shall_v perhaps_o find_v in_o many_o other_o matter_n poëtical_o devise_v of_o they_o yet_o refute_v of_o aristotle_n in_o good_a earnest_n other_o have_v more_o probable_o conjecture_v that_o this_o saltishnesse_n be_v first_o derive_v from_o the_o earth_n through_o who_o part_n the_o water_n be_v strain_v be_v apt_a to_o receive_v this_o quality_n be_v primary_o in_o the_o earth_n itself_o as_o we_o see_v water_n be_v wring_v through_o ash_n to_o grow_v salt_n but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v of_o no_o great_a soundness_n because_o the_o first_o river_n and_o lake_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n altogether_o and_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o small_a quantity_n more_o apt_a to_o yield_v and_o receive_v this_o tincture_n be_v notwithstanding_o devoide_a of_o all_o such_o quality_n beside_o this_o we_o rather_o find_v the_o contrary_a by_o experiment_n that_o sea-water_n strain_v through_o clay_n will_v turn_v fresh_a as_o likewise_o powder_a flesh_n be_v lay_v to_o soak_v ●n_v salt_n water_n will_v soon_o turn_v sweet_a the_o former_a be_v verify_v by_o baptista_n porta_n of_o the_o other_o every_o kitchenmaid_n on_o the_o seaside_n will_v inform_v us._n the_o three_o opinion_n be_v of_o aristotle_n who_o refer_v the_o saltish_a quality_n of_o the_o sea-water_n to_o the_o sun_n as_o the_o chief_a cause_n draw_v and_o lift_v up_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n store_n of_o exhalation_n which_o afterward_o mix_v with_o vapour_n fall_v down_o again_o by_o drop_n for_o the_o sun_n draw_v up_o the_o thin_a and_o fresh_a part_n of_o the_o water_n leave_v the_o thick_a and_o low_a water_n to_o suffer_v adustion_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o so_o consequent_o to_o become_v salt_n so_o that_o the_o matter_n of_o this_o saltishnesse_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o a_o exhalation_n the_o sun_n draw_v up_o to_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n the_o fresh_a part_n where_o thicken_a they_o descend_v in_o rain_n leave_v the_o residue_n of_o the_o sea_n salt_n the_o form_n be_v the_o strain_n and_o concoction_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o saltishnes_n be_v say_v to_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o commixtion_n of_o terrestrial_a dryness_n concur_v with_o moisture_n join_v with_o adustion_n of_o heat_n so_o that_o two_o thing_n be_v chief_o concur_v to_o the_o generation_n of_o saltishnesse_n to_o wit_n drought_n and_o adustion_n this_o seem_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o instance_n of_o fresh-water_n in_o the_o kitchen_n which_o turn_v salt_n be_v much_o boil_a because_o the_o thin_a and_o sweet_a vapour_n of_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o dissipate_v leave_v that_o behind_o which_o be_v thick_a and_o saltish_a the_o same_o will_v some_o have_v in_o the_o sea_n seethe_v as_o it_o be_v and_o burn_v with_o the_o heat_n which_o we_o experimental_o find_v in_o hot_a water_n on_o the_o fire_n but_o this_o be_v except_v against_o by_o some_o because_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o many_o salt_n well_n and_o fountain_n arise_v in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v engender_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n far_o remote_a and_o separate_a from_o this_o extreme_a heat_n and_o adustion_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n but_o to_o this_o we_o may_v easy_o answer_v that_o such_o salt_n spring_n be_v either_o by_o some_o violence_n enforce_v from_o the_o sea_n by_o certain_a secret_a cavern_n and_o hollow_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o that_o they_o receive_v their_o tincture_n of_o saltness_n from_o some_o salt_n mineral_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v wherefore_o this_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n i_o see_v not_o yet_o sufficient_o refute_v the_o other_o opinion_n concern_v this_o quality_n of_o such_o which_o will_v have_v it_o essential_a to_o the_o sea_n water_n and_o inbred_a in_o the_o first_o creation_n be_v ground_v on_o two_o small_a cause_n first_o they_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o fish_n who_o will_v otherwise_o rot_v because_o experience_n show_v that_o fish_n will_v soon_o putrify_v without_o salt_n but_o this_o be_v thwart_v by_o three_o reason_n first_o because_o if_o fish_n be_v in_o this_o sort_n salt_v in_o the_o sea_n water_n the_o cook_n may_v save_v himself_o a_o labour_n in_o salt_v they_o again_o in_o his_o kitchen_n also_o fish_v catch_v in_o the_o sea_n be_v oftentimes_o preserve_v long_o and_o sweet_a less_o need_v salt_n then_o those_o which_o be_v find_v in_o fresh_a pond_n and_o river_n second_o if_o this_o reason_n shall_v hold_v currant_n why_o shall_v not_o the_o fish_n also_o rot_v and_o putrify_v in_o fresh_a water_n three_o why_o shall_v fish_n covet_v the_o fresh_a water_n as_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n in_o many_o fish_n if_o in_o it_o they_o shall_v suffer_v putrefaction_n which_o be_v a_o great_a enemy_n to_o nature_n above_o all_o what_o need_v we_o fear_v this_o putrefaction_n of_o fish_n while_o they_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o live_a soul_n which_o be_v a_o great_a preseruative_n than_o all_o the_o salt_n in_o the_o world_n or_o why_o shall_v we_o not_o doubt_v the_o same_o calamity_n in_o all_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o land_n which_o be_v as_o subject_a to_o rottenness_n in_o the_o air_n as_o the_o other_o on_o the_o land_n the_o second_o cause_n say_v they_o why_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v create_v salt_n be_v because_o the_o sea_n itself_o shall_v not_o putrify_v for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o salt_n be_v the_o only_a thing_n to_o resist_v putrefaction_n but_o here_o we_o may_v demand_v why_o these_o author_n shall_v fear_v putrefaction_n in_o the_o vast_a body_n of_o the_o sea_n rather_o than_o in_o other_o water_n and_o river_n which_o be_v neither_o salt_n nor_o come_v near_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o ocean_n whereas_o aristotle_n affirm_v in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o the_o 4_o book_n of_o his_o meteor_n that_o if_o

have_v a_o twofold_a motion_n the_o first_o be_v common_a to_o all_o heavy_a body_n as_o well_o as_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o be_v a_o inclination_n to_o come_v as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o our_o former_a book_n the_o second_o be_v that_o which_o more_o proper_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v again_o twofold_a either_o the_o natural_a or_o the_o violent_a the_o natural_a howsoever_o requi●ing_v perhaps_o the_o concurrence_n of_o some_o external_a cause_n be_v notwithstanding_o so_o call_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o chief_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o sea-water_n the_o violent_a be_v cause_v mere_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n move_v the_o ocean_n the_o natural_a motion_n we_o have_v again_o divide_v into_o general_n or_o special_a because_o the_o afflux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v be_v general_a throughout_o the_o whole_a ocean_n some_o petty_a creek_n perchance_o except_v whereas_o the_o current_n which_o be_v the_o second_o kind_n of_o motion_n be_v more_o special_a as_o agree_v not_o to_o all_o or_o most_o part_n as_o it_o seem_v but_o to_o some_o one_o or_o other_o special_a place_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v 1_o the_o sea_n twice_o every_o day_n ebb_v and_o flow_v the_o flow_a and_o ebb_v of_o the_o sea_n howsoever_o it_o can_v be_v precise_o observe_v in_o all_o sea_n yet_o because_o few_o place_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n be_v exempt_v from_o it_o deserve_v the_o first_o &_o chief_a consideration_n that_o such_o a_o motion_n there_o be_v experience_n show_v but_o the_o search_v out_o of_o the_o cause_n be_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v observe_v one_o of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n in_o all_o natural_a philosophy_n in_o so_o much_o as_o aristotle_n one_o of_o the_o acute_a philosopher_n be_v report_v to_o have_v stand_v amaze_v at_o the_o flow_a and_o ebb_v of_o euripus_n and_o despair_v of_o find_v out_o the_o cause_n at_o length_n enforce_v to_o cast_v himself_o into_o the_o river_n which_o have_v before_o confound_v he_o wherefore_o it_o may_v seem_v sufficient_a for_o i_o to_o trace_v their_o step_n who_o have_v wade_v far_o into_o the_o search_n of_o this_o cause_n have_v very_o little_a hope_n to_o go_v further_o the_o first_o opinion_n be_v of_o the_o stoic_n who_o suppose_v the_o whole_a world_n to_o be_v a_o great_a live_a creature_n compose_v of_o diverse_a element_n which_o enjoy_v both_o breath_n and_o life_n this_o live_a creature_n they_o imagine_v to_o have_v his_o nostril_n place_v in_o the_o main_a ocean_n where_o by_o draw_v in_o and_o send_v forth_o breath_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n be_v cause_v but_o this_o seem_v rather_o to_o be_v a_o poetical_a fiction_n or_o allegory_n then_o any_o conceit_n of_o a_o philosopher_n apollonius_n tianaeus_n be_v of_o a_o opinion_n that_o certain_a spirit_n eitherunder_o or_o above_o the_o water_n breathe_v into_o it_o this_o motion_n timaeus_n teach_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o moisture_n to_o be_v the_o river_n break_v into_o the_o ocean_n by_o the_o great_a mountain_n plato_n think_v that_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o swallow_a up_o of_o the_o sea_n into_o a_o gulf_n or_o hole_n which_o be_v again_o cast_v out_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o motion_n in_o the_o sea_n selevous_a the_o mathematician_n which_o affirm_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v round_o with_o a_o perpetual_a motion_n think_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v turn_v round_o with_o a_o motion_n contrary_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o from_o this_o to_o proceed_v that_o motion_n of_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v what_o aristotle_n opinion_n be_v concern_v this_o matter_n be_v a_o uncertain_a conjecture_n forasmuch_o as_o little_a or_o nothing_o can_v be_v gather_v touch_v this_o point_n in_o controversy_n out_o of_o any_o book_n which_o be_v certain_o know_v to_o be_v aristotle_n for_o the_o tract_n of_o the_o propriety_n of_o element_n where_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o moon_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v none_o of_o aristotle_n but_o of_o some_o late_a author_n yet_o plutarch_n impose_v on_o aristotle_n this_o opinion_n that_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n shall_v come_v from_o the_o sun_n because_o by_o it_o be_v raise_v up_o many_o windy_a exhalation_n which_o shall_v cause_v the_o sea_n to_o swell_v blow_v into_o the_o great_a atlantic_a ocean_n but_o thisopinion_n be_v charge_v by_o pa●ricius_n of_o a_o threefold_a error_n 1._o that_o it_o shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o sun_n 2_o from_o the_o wind_n 3_o that_o it_o be_v only_o in_o the_o atlantic_a sea_n he_o see_v say_v patricius_n that_o in_o the_o atlantic_a which_o he_o can_v not_o in_o the_o aegean_a sea_n at_o home_n and_o near_a athens_n for_o 1_o no_o wind_n blow_v so_o regular_o that_o for_o one_o six_o hour_n it_o shall_v blow_v forward_o the_o other_o six_o hour_n backward_o for_o the_o wind_n oftentimes_o blow_v many_o day_n the_o same_o way_n without_o cease_v yet_o be_v their_o not_o one_o only_o flow_v or_o one_o ebb_v in_o the_o sea_n 2._o the_o sun_n stir_v up_o sometime_o wind_n and_o sometime_o stir_v they_o not_o up_o but_o of_o a_o perpetual_a effect_n which_o be_v daily_o why_o will_v this_o philosopher_n give_v a_o cause_n mere_o violent_a and_o not_o quotidian_a which_o notwithstanding_o will_v have_v nothing_o violent_a to_o be_v perpetual_a if_o the_o sea_n be_v somewhere_o move_v natural_o by_o other_o motion_n as_o the_o euripus_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v his_o death_n wherefore_o will_v he_o deny_v this_o motion_n to_o be_v natural_a seek_v out_o a_o external_a cause_n of_o this_o effect_n but_o all_o this_o while_n our_o platonic_a philosopher_n seem_v to_o fight_v with_o shadow_n for_o what_o judicious_a man_n can_v imagine_v so_o judicious_a and_o wise_a a_o philosopher_n as_o aristotle_n shall_v so_o gross_o overshoot_v himself_o to_o father_n this_o opinion_n i_o shall_v much_o rather_o believe_v that_o no_o such_o opinion_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o aristotle_n at_o least_o that_o it_o be_v indirect_o relate_v which_o i_o the_o rather_o believe_v because_o one_o caesalpinus_n a_o late_a writer_n aswell_o opposite_a to_o aristotle_n as_o the_o other_o have_v relate_v aristotle_n opinion_n otherwise_o to_o wit_n that_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n be_v derive_v from_o a_o double_a cause_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o multitude_n of_o rivers_n bring_v in_o a_o great_a force_n of_o water_n into_o it_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o it_o flow_v only_o towards_o one_o pa●t_n which_o be_v the_o low_a as_o it_o happen_v to_o the_o mediterranean_a for_o the_o egaean_a and_o pontic_a sea_n with_o maeotis_n flow_v into_o the_o tyrrhene_a and_o not_o on_o the_o opposite_a side_n the_o other_o cause_n he_o make_v to_o be_v the_o libration_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n for_o it_o be_v often_o turn_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o which_o in_o so_o great_a a_o vastness_n seem_v but_o little_a but_o in_o straits_n &_o narrow_a place_n much_o more_o so_o that_o aristotle_n say_v caesalpinus_n will_v have_v that_o to_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o usual_o happen_v to_o a_o pair_n of_o balance_n which_o have_v receive_v the_o begin_n once_o of_o their_o motion_n be_v incline_v sometime_o this_o way_n &_o sometime_o that_o way_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o equality_n of_o the_o weight_n for_o if_o the_o weight_n of_o one_o shall_v overcome_v thewhole_n will_v incline_v thatway_o and_o will_v not_o ri●e_v upon_o the_o other_o side_n but_o against_o this_o opinion_n impose_v on_o aristotle_n caesalpinus_n not_o without_o good_a reason_n except_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v equidistant_a from_o the_o centre_n as_o be_v suppose_v by_o geographer_n no_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v why_o it_o shall_v incline_v more_o to_o one_o side_n then_o another_o have_v once_o obtain_v his_o true_a place_n since_o according_a to_o aristotle_n own_o ground_n no_o violence_n c●n_v be_v perpetual_a to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v another_o answer_n that_o no_o satisfactory_a reason_n can_v be_v allege_v why_o it_o shall_v always_o observe_v so_o true_a and_o just_a period_n of_o time_n in_o its_o motion_n since_o all_o river_n be_v sometime_o increase_v and_o other_o time_n diminish_v according_a to_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o weather_n wherefore_o the_o say_a author_n which_o impugn_v this_o opinion_n have_v frame_v another_o conceit_n ground_v on_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o he_o explain_v in_o this_o sort_n it_o agree_v ●o_o reason_n say_v he_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o altogether_o follow_v the_o motion_n

be_v many_o kind_n mention_v by_o navigatour_n the_o first_o and_o chief_a be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o etesian_a wind_n which_o be_v observe_v to_o blow_v every_o year_n from_o the_o north-east_n about_o the_o rise_n of_o dogstar_n and_o oftentimes_o continue_v about_o 40_o day_n this_o wind_n drive_v the_o sea_n from_o pontus_n into_o the_o egean_a sea_n even_o so_o far_o as_o egypt_n in_o the_o second_o place_n may_v we_o range_v such_o wind_n as_o be_v call_v chelidonian_n because_o they_o arise_v at_o the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o swallow_n it_o blow_v sometime_o from_o the_o direct-west_n so_o that_o of_o some_o it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o same_o sometime_o from_o the_o northwest_n so_o that_o with_o other_o it_o be_v account_v among_o the_o north_n wind_n these_o chelidonian_a wind_n drive_v from_o the_o north_n or_o northwest_n still_o fill_v all_o the_o mediterranean_a even_o to_o the_o coast_n of_o syria_n and_o palestine_n and_o continue_v in_o the_o summer_n time_n for_o many_o day_n together_o in_o the_o three_o place_n may_v we_o account_v that_o wind_n which_o columbus_n perceive_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o portugal_n come_v over_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n which_o at_o some_o time_n of_o the_o year_n be_v carry_v high_a at_o other_o time_n cleave_v as_o it_o be_v to_o the_o bosom_n of_o the_o sea_n whence_o he_o probable_o conjecture_v that_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o some_o moist_a land_n whereon_o he_o adventure_v on_o the_o first_o search_n of_o america_n and_o lay_v the_o first_o work_n of_o that_o discovery_n four_o to_o these_o wind_n may_v be_v reduce_v those_o yearly_a flow_n of_o the_o persian_a and_o indian_a sea_n which_o the_o portugal_n mariner_n call_v motion_n the_o persian_a sea_n suffer_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o motion_n every_o year_n while_o the_o sun_n run_v through_o the_o southern_a degree_n and_o when_o he_o arrive_v at_o the_o end_n of_o sagittarius_fw-la it_o be_v shake_v with_o a_o extraordinary_a great_a tempest_n on_o the_o contrary_a side_n the_o indian_a sea_n while_o the_o persian_a be_v move_v be_v observe_v to_o rest_n without_o any_o great_a motion_n and_o when_o the_o persian_a be_v still_o it_o suffer_v great_a motion_n especial_o when_o the_o sun_n first_o enter_v into_o cancer_n this_o last_o motion_n seem_v to_o be_v not_o only_o derive_v from_o the_o provincial_a wind_n but_o some_o other_o concurrent_a cause_n whether_o these_o wind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o current_n before_o speak_v of_o be_v a_o very_a disputable_a point_n which_o i_o leave_v to_o other_o to_o search_v out_o of_o every_o set_a wind_n blow_v a_o part_n of_o the_o year_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o america_n acosta_n treat_v at_o large_a to_o which_o he_o ascribe_v the_o current_n forspeak_v of_o in_o this_o chapter_n 2_o the_o violence_n of_o wind_n make_v the_o sea_n sometime_o in_o some_o place_n transcend_v his_o ordinary_a bound_n how_o far_o the_o sea_n by_o violence_n of_o wind_n have_v trespass_v on_o the_o land_n many_o have_v learn_v to_o their_o great_a loss_n and_o calamity_n it_o be_v observe_v sometime_o in_o the_o venetian_a shore_n that_o the_o sea_n drive_v with_o wind_n swell_v so_o high_a that_o overflow_a all_o the_o bank_n and_o channel_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v enforce_v to_o row_v in_o boat_n from_o house_n to_o house_n their_o cistern_n be_v infect_v with_o salt-water_n and_o their_o precious_a water_n in_o vault_n and_o cellar_n spoil_v the_o like_a have_v heretofore_o be_v find_v if_o we_o will_v credit_v history_n in_o the_o belgic_a sea_n on_o which_o the_o northwest_o wind_v blow_n with_o such_o vehemency_n and_o so_o long_o that_o it_o break_v down_o the_o ordinary_a bank_n and_o in_o zealand_n and_o holland_n swallow_v up_o many_o town_n with_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o people_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v warrant_v by_o a_o report_n i_o have_v hear_v of_o many_o travayler_n that_o in_o a_o calm_a tide_n the_o top_n of_o tower_n and_o steeple_n have_v be_v see_v above_o the_o water_n beside_o these_o instance_n we_o may_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o strabo_n and_o aristotle_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr munda_fw-la with_o diverse_a other_o relation_n of_o strange_a inundation_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v more_o occasion_n to_o speak_v hereafter_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o depth_n situatio_fw-la and_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o absolute_a propriety_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v hitherto_o pass_v over_o we_o will_v consider_v next_o the_o comparative_a which_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n no_o otherwise_o then_o in_o respect_n or_o comparison_n with_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v chief_o thre●_n 1_o depth_n 2_o situation_n 3_o termination_n 2_o the_o depth_n or_o profundity_n be_v the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o bottom_n and_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n to_o find_v out_o the_o absolute_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n and_o by_o many_o thought_n impossible_a in_o respect_n as_o well_o of_o the_o immensity_n of_o it_o in_o many_o place_n where_o no_o line_n can_v as_o of_o the_o various_a place_n too_o many_o to_o be_v search_v out_o by_o man_n industry_n yet_o where_o absolute_a science_n fail_v there_o probable_a conjecture_n take_v place_n and_o be_v best_a accept_v which_o we_o will_v venture_v to_o propose_v in_o this_o o●r_n theorem_a 1_o the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v common_o answerable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o main_a land_n above_o the_o water_n and_o the_o whirlpool_n and_o extraordinary_a depth_n answer_v to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n above_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o have_v be_v a_o common_a receive_a opinion_n among_o ancient_a cosmographer_n that_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v measure_v by_o a_o line_n and_o plummet_n seldom_o exceed_v two_o or_o three_o mile_n except_o in_o some_o few_o place_n near_o suevian_a shore_n and_o some_o place_n about_o pontus_n observe_v by_o pliny_n but_o as_o breedwood_n a_o worthy_a late_a writer_n observe_v this_o position_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v general_o but_o only_o of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o streit_n or_o narrow_a sea_n which_o be_v perhaps_o only_o search_v by_o then_o ancient_n who_o dwell_v far_o from_o the_o main_a ocean_n but_o another_o account_n be_v necessary_o to_o be_v give_v of_o the_o main_a ocean_n this_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a uncertainty_n we_o will_v follow_v the_o conceit_n of_o the_o forename_a author_n it_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n that_o the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n concern_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o first_o separation_n of_o the_o dry_a land_n from_o the_o wa●ers_n will_v have_v the_o earth_n by_o the_o creation_n to_o be_v cut_v into_o diverse_a sluice_n &_o channel_n apt_a to_o receive_v water_n now_o these_o material_a p●rts_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v take_v out_o to_o give_v way_n to_o hollowness_n be_v not_o utter_o annihilate_v but_o by_o a_o almighty_a hand_n in_o some_o other_o place_n make_v by_o their_o addition_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o such_o place_n high_a than_o before_o whence_o by_o reason_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v collect_v that_o the_o ordinary_a eminency_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o o●e_a the_o water_n shall_v be_v answerable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o if_o hill_n and_o mountain_n be_v compare_v we_o may_v s●t_v they_o against_o the_o deep_n and_o extraordinary_a while-poole_n and_o gull_n and_o so_o betwixt_o the_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o we_o may_v settle_v a_o kind_n of_o agreement_n and_o proportion_n in_o a_o matter_n of_o so_o great_a uncertainty_n no_o man_n will_v expect_v a_o evident_a domonstra●ion_n 3_o the_o site_n be_v the_o position_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n o●_n the_o earth_n concern_v the_o site_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o must_v consider_v the_o water_n and_o earth_n two_o way_n first_o absolute_o as_o they_o be_v element_n and_o solid_a body_n second_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o either_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o whole_a solid_a body_n of_o the_o water_n as_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n we_o must_v confess_v without_o all_o doubt_n that_o the_o water_n have_v the_o high_a place_n be_v light_a than_o the_o earth_n of_o which_o situation_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o first_o book_n for_o although_o some_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v think_v by_o most_o as_o we_o shall_v prove_v to_o be_v above_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o be_v this_o of_o no_o sensible_a proportion_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o vast_a mass_n of_o earth_n couch_v under_o the_o water_n betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o question_n be_v here_o

but_o also_o themselves_o practise_v such_o commerce_n as_o well_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n as_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o particular_a estate_n two_o memorable_a example_n we_o have_v in_o henry_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n and_o laurence_n de_fw-fr medici_n duke_n of_o florence_n whereof_o the_o former_a give_v many_o and_o large_a privilege_n to_o all_o the_o hance_n town_n in_o his_o kingdom_n which_o be_v in_o number_n about_o 27_o the_o other_o himself_o for_o his_o own_o private_a commodity_n exercise_v the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n yet_o be_v this_o man_n most_o ingenious_a and_o a_o great_a lover_n of_o learned_a men._n chap._n ix_o of_o pedography_n rivers_n lake_n and_o fountain_n in_o the_o earth_n 1_o we_o have_v former_o treat_v of_o hydrographie_n or_o the_o description_n of_o the_o water_n now_o be_v we_o by_o god_n assistance_n to_o proceed_v on_o to_o pedographie_n which_o be_v a_o description_n of_o the_o firm_a earth_n or_o dry-land_n 2_o the_o land_n be_v a_o space_n contain_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o earth_n distinguish_v from_o the_o water_n the_o earth_n in_o this_o place_n be_v not_o take_v as_o in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o geography_n for_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a sphere_n compose_v of_o earth_n and_o water_n neither_o yet_o as_o it_o be_v usual_o take_v in_o natural_a philosophy_n for_o a_o absolute_a elementary_a body_n who_o cause_n and_o affection_n be_v to_o be_v search_v out_o but_o topographical_o for_o a_o place_n or_o habitable_a space_n on_o the_o dry-land_n this_o dry-land_n distinguish_v from_o the_o water_n by_o its_o firmness_n and_o constancy_n be_v no●_n subject_a as_o the_o water_n to_o motion_n and_o inconstancy_n be_v therefore_o if_o we_o believe_v the_o poet_n call_v vest●_n according_a to_o that_o verse_n stat_n viterra_fw-la suâ_fw-la vi_fw-la stando_fw-la vesta_n voco_fw-la neither_o want_v this_o fable_n of_o vesta_n a_o sufficient_a moral_n first_o because_o vesta_n be_v feign_a to_o be_v a_o keeper_n and_o protector_n of_o their_o house_n which_o may_v very_o well_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o not_o only_o sustain_v and_o bear_v up_o all_o building_n and_o house_n but_o also_o afford_v all_o commodity_n and_o fruit_n wherewith_o household_n be_v maintain_v second_o vesta_n be_v feign_v to_o be_v the_o goddess_n to_o who_o the_o first_o fruit_n be_v offer_v in_o sacrifice_n which_o may_v well_o square_a with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o which_o all_o fruit_n be_v original_o derive_v and_o therefore_o as_o it_o be_v of_o due_a ought_v all_o first_o fruit_n to_o be_v consecrate_v to_o her_o altar_n two_o other_o parallel_n betwixt_o the_o goddess_n vesta_n be_v add_v by_o natalis_n come_v first_o because_o plutarch_n show_v in_o his_o symposiack_n that_o the_o table_n of_o the_o ancient_n dedicate_v to_o vesta_n be_v make_v round_o in_o form_n and_o fashion_n of_o the_o earth_n second_o because_o the_o seat_n of_o vesta_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v in_o the_o liquid_a air_n immovable_a and_o not_o subject_a to_o motion_n which_o well_o agree_v with_o the_o common_a conceive_a opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o these_o two_o rather_o express_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a sphere_n then_o of_o the_o land_n divide_v from_o the_o water_n this_o description_n of_o the_o dry-land_n separate_v from_o the_o water_n we_o have_v term_v pedographie●_n because_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d common_o derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o foot_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o firm_a place_n whereon_o man_n may_v have_v sure_a foot_n to_o which_o be_v consonant_a the_o hebrew_n word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o seem_v most_o probable_o derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o terere_fw-la to_o wear_v out_o or_o waste_v because_o the_o earth_n be_v daily_o tread_v and_o wear_v with_o our_o foot_n the_o propriety_n of_o the_o earth_n appertain_v to_o a_o cosmographer_n be_v many_o and_o various_a wherefore_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n we_o have_v divide_v they_o into_o these_o head_n 3_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o land_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o civil_a the_o natural_a be_v such_o as_o be_v in_o breed_v in_o the_o earth_n 4_o the_o natural_a may_v be_v again_o divide_v into_o perpetual_a or_o casual_a perpetual_a be_v such_o as_o always_o or_o most_o ordinary_o continue_v the_o same_o 5_o the_o perpetual_a propriety_n be_v again_o twofold_a either_o absolute_a or_o comparative_a the_o absolute_a i_o call_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o land_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o sea_n 6_o of_o the_o former_a sort_n be_v such_o as_o belong_v to_o the_o figurature_n of_o the_o soil_n wherein_o three_o thing_n be_v most_o remarkable_a 1_o river_n fountain_n and_o lake_n 2_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n 3_o wood_n and_o champion_n country_n 7_o a_o river_n be_v a_o perpetual_a course_n of_o water_n from_o a_o certain_a head_n or_o fountain_n run_v from_o a_o high_a to_o a_o low_a place_n on_o the_o earth_n river_n be_v by_o some_o geographer_n more_o curious_o distinguish_v into_o 2_o sort_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v settle_v or_o stay_v river_n which_o slide_v away_o with_o a_o more_o equal_a and_o uniform_a course_n the_o late_a be_v call_v torrent_n or_o stickle_a water_n which_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o far_o great_a violence_n in_o a_o river_n three_o thing_n be_v chief_o remarkable_a first_o the_o fountain_n or_o spring_n second_o whirlpool_n three_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o the_o spring_n be_v the_o place_n where_o at_o first_o the_o water_n sensible_o break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n as_o nilus_n in_o africa_n be_v think_v to_o have_v his_o first_o head_n at_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n a_o whirlpool_n be_v a_o place_n in_o a_o river_n where_o the_o water_n fall_v into_o a_o deep_a trench_n be_v whirl_v &_o teurn_v round_a the_o mouth_n be_v the_o place_n where_o any_o river_n find_v a_o passage_n our_o either_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o into_o another_o great_a river_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v term_v ostium_fw-la or_o a_o gate_n whence_o they_o call_v septem_fw-la ostia_fw-la nili_n which_o be_v seven_o mouth_n by_o which_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o mediterranean_a this_o give_v the_o name_n to_o many_o city_n and_o town_n in_o england_n as_o plymouth_n dar●mouth_n portsmouth_n axmouth_n with_o many_o other_o now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o water_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a and_o therefore_o covet_v the_o low_a place_n the_o course_n of_o all_o river_n must_v needs_o be_v from_o a_o high_a to_o a_o low_a place_n whence_o we_o may_v guess_v the_o height_n of_o land_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o for_o every_o mile_n wherein_o the_o water_n glide_v forward_o on_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v make_v a_o allowance_n of_o 2_o foot_n at_o least_o in_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o ground_n for_o although_o water_n will_v slide_v away_o at_o any_o inequality_n yet_o can_v not_o the_o water_n be_v wholesome_a and_o retain_v any_o reasonable_a swiftness_n of_o motion_n without_o this_o allowance_n hence_o we_o may_v probable_o find_v out_o the_o huge_a height_n of_o the_o alps_n about_o all_o the_o place_n in_o europe_n because_o out_o of_o they_o spring_v four_o great_a river_n which_o run_v four_o way_n whereof_o the_o two_o great_a be_v the_o danow_n which_o receive_v into_o it_o 60_o navigable_a river_n and_o so_o disburthen_n itself_o into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n far_o remote_a and_o the_o rhine_n of_o lake_n and_o river_n many_o memorable_a matter_n may_v be_v speak_v all_o which_o we_o will_v reduce_v to_o these_o head_n 1_o their_o generation_n and_o first_o original_a 2_o their_o appearance_n 3_o their_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n 4_o their_o virtue_n and_o effect_n all_o which_o we_o will_v comprehend_v in_o these_o theorem_n follow_v 1_o all_o river_n have_v their_o first_o original_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o mother_n of_o rivers_n the_o original_n of_o fountain_n and_o river_n on_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a difficulty_n and_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v not_o yet_o find_v out_o of_o our_o great_a philosopher_n yet_o be_v willing_a to_o go_v as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v glance_v at_o probability_n and_o first_o set_v down_o other_o man_n opinion_n some_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v hide_v certain_a vast_a concavity_n and_o cavern_n which_o receive_v into_o they_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o rainwater_n have_v give_v original_a to_o lake_n and_o fountain_n hence_o they_o give_v the_o reason_n why_o these_o fountain_n be_v perpetual_a because_o the_o rainwater_n receive_v into_o these_o cavern_n be_v extraordinary_a great_a be_v sufficient_a to_o nourish_v such_o spring_n of_o water_n until_o the_o

his_o elementary_a constitution_n this_o reason_n will_v hardly_o admit_v of_o a_o solid_a answer_n for_o howsoever_o in_o the_o vast_a frame_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o addition_n or_o subtraction_n of_o some_o part_n will_v make_v but_o a_o insensible_a difference_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o be_v deny_v but_o the_o least_o weight_n whatsoever_o add_v or_o subtract_v will_v turn_v it_o from_o its_o equall-poyze_a nevertheless_o this_o i_o hold_v too_o absurd_a for_o a_o christian_n to_o believe_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o contradict_v the_o sense_n of_o holy_a scripture_n 104._o which_o aver_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v so_o settle_v on_o her_o foundation_n that_o she_o shall_v not_o at_o any_o time_n be_v remove_v or_o shake_v which_o motion_n as_o shall_v be_v prove_v in_o the_o second_o theorem_a i_o take_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o trepidation_n of_o the_o centre_n and_o the_o pole_n which_o by_o a_o metaphor_n be_v term_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o not_o of_o the_o circular_a motion_n as_o some_o have_v labour_v to_o wrest_v it_o wherefore_o nothing_o be_v here_o leave_v we_o to_o satisfy_v this_o doubt_n but_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o his_o magnetical_a verticity_n whereby_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n endow_v with_o a_o magnetical_a vigour_n and_o overswaying_a the_o elementary_a ponderosity_n of_o the_o earthly_a part_n be_v as_o it_o be_v so_o fast_o bind_v to_o respect_v the_o same_o point_n or_o pole_n in_o the_o heaven_n that_o the_o centre_n can_v no_o way_n be_v shake_v or_o move_v out_o of_o his_o place_n 3_o the_o magnetical_a revolution_n be_v a_o motion_n by_o which_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v round_o aristotle_n in_o his_o 1_o book_n de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la make_v 3_o kind_n of_o simple_a motion_n out_o of_o which_o he_o labour_v to_o deduce_v the_o number_n of_o simple_a body_n the_o first_o be_v the_o motion_n from_o the_o centre_n such_o as_o be_v of_o fire_n and_o air_n and_o all_o light_a body_n the_o second_o to_o the_o centre_n such_o as_o be_v of_o earth_n and_o water_n the_o three_o be_v round_o about_o the_o centre_n or_o middle_n which_o he_o ascribe_v to_o the_o heaven_n so_o that_o if_o this_o ground_n be_v true_a the_o earth_n can_v challenge_v to_o itself_o no_o other_o than_o the_o right_a motion_n whereby_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o whole_a return_v to_o it_o again_o but_o this_o opinion_n although_o popular_a and_o plausible_a have_v be_v contradict_v as_o well_o by_o ancient_a philosopher_n as_o modern_a for_o by_o long_a experience_n and_o diligent_a observation_n they_o have_v find_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o star-like_a vigour_n whereby_o she_o may_v have_v all_o her_o part_n unite_v together_o by_o reason_n of_o her_o gravity_n unto_o the_o centre_n and_o her_o place_n make_v sure_a by_o her_o magnetical_a pole_n move_v natural_o upon_o her_o own_o pole_n at_o least_o if_o so_o be_v she_o claim_v no_o 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●●all_v find_v to_o be_v near_o thirty_o degree_n the_o most_o northern_a latitude_n about_o the_o straits_n of_o gibraltar_n very_o near_o the_o same_o rate_n these_o two_o sum_n add_v together_o will_v amount_v to_o 60_o degree_n which_o multiply_v by_o 60_o the_o number_n of_o mile_n answerable_a to_o a_o degree_n in_o a_o great_a circle_n because_o we_o suppose_v it_o here_o to_o be_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o meridian_n we_o shall_v have_v 3600_o mile_n the_o breadth_n of_o africa_n from_o south_n to_o north._n 4_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o length_n of_o a_o region_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n admit_v of_o two_o case_n for_o either_o the_o country_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v without_o the_o first_o meridian_n or_o under_o it_o both_o which_o shall_v be_v teach_v in_o these_o rule_n 1_o if_o the_o region_n be_v situate_a without_o the_o first_o meridian_n the_o lesser_a longitude_n subtract_v from_o the_o great_a will_v show_v the_o diameter_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n for_o a_o 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in_o regard_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o ship_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o diverse_a and_o contrary_a wind_n which_o must_v needs_o happen_v very_o frequent_o can_v always_o move_v with_o the_o same_o swiftness_n second_o because_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o show_v have_v in_o diverse_a place_n diverse_a special_a motion_n and_o current_n as_o from_o the_o east_n to_o west_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o enforce_v a_o inequality_n of_o motion_n in_o the_o ship_n the_o three_o reason_n which_o be_v great_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o various_a figuration_n of_o country_n who_o greatness_n can_v be_v know_v by_o the_o circumference_n because_o as_o geometrician_n teach_v we_o two_o figure_n may_v have_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o circuit_n about_o they_o and_o yet_o the_o one_o shall_v extraordinary_o exceed_v the_o

the_o sea_n be_v d●uided_v into_o many_o part_n it_o will_v more_o easy_o dissolve_v and_o putrify_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v overthrow_v there_o want_v not_o reason_n to_o contradict_v first_o say_v one_o if_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o create_v salt_n then_o be_v there_o some_o time_n wherein_o it_o be_v fresh_a to_o this_o i_o answer_v two_o way_n first_o that_o it_o may_v be_v create_v fresh_a yet_o be_v apt_a from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o receive_v saltness_n it_o may_v almost_o at_o the_o first_o receive_v it_o second_o if_o i_o shall_v grant_v that_o it_o be_v a_o long_a time_n before_o it_o embrace_v this_o quality_n i_o know_v neither_o history_n to_o confute_v i_o or_o reason_n to_o convince_v i_o second_o it_o be_v urge_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o sea_n that_o they_o can_v well_o live_v in_o fresh_a water_n and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v original_o salt_n and_o not_o by_o accident_n but_o this_o be_v of_o no_o great_a 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one_o patricius_n a_o platonist_n who_o will_v oppose_v aristotle_n in_o good_a earnest_n aristotle_n say_v he_o speak_v of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n water_n show_v not_o the_o cause_n for_o i_o will_v ask_v why_o that_o parcel_n of_o water_n from_o whence_o the_o thin_a part_n be_v extract_v shall_v remain_v salt_n be_v it_o so_o from_o the_o beginning_n or_o afterward_o impress_v be_v it_o inbred_a or_o accidental_a if_o he_o will_v have_v it_o a_o inbred_a quality_n from_o the_o beginning_n he_o vain_o go_v about_o to_o seek_v out_o the_o cause_n if_o the_o saltness_n be_v adventitious_a the_o cause_n be_v to_o be_v give_v but_o the_o cause_n give_v by_o he_o be_v not_o true_a for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o rather_o take_v away_o the_o saltness_n but_o to_o these_o objection_n of_o patricius_n spin_a out_o in_o many_o word_n we_o may_v answer_v two_o way_n either_o that_o the_o saltness_n be_v mere_o adventitious_a breed_v by_o a_o exhalation_n draw_v up_o by_o the_o sun_n and_o so_o distil_v down_o again_o or_o else_o because_o this_o answer_n seem_v not_o whole_o to_o satisfy_v for_o as_o much_o as_o rainy_a water_n be_v seldom_o salt_n and_o if_o it_o be_v can_v hardly_o flow_v in_o so_o great_a quantity_n to_o feed_v the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o will_v answer_v second_o that_o the_o saltness_n be_v radical_o or_o original_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o so_o as_o it_o can_v be_v draw_v out_o and_o sensible_o be_v perceive_v in_o the_o mixture_n of_o many_o sweet_a humour_n join_v with_o it_o without_o a_o separation_n first_o make_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o the_o thin_a part_n from_o the_o thick_a so_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v a_o disponent_fw-la though_o not_o a_o productive_a cause_n of_o this_o saltness_n in_o the_o sea_n 2_o sea_n absolute_o salt_n be_v never_o freeze_v this_o may_v seem_v a_o paradox_n to_o some_o man_n in_o regard_n that_o among_o our_o geographer_n we_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v make_v of_o mare_fw-la congelatum_fw-la take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o ice_n wherewith_o it_o be_v shut_v up_o from_o passage_n as_o also_o for_o that_o in_o the_o voyage_n of_o frobisher_n davis_n hudson_n and_o other_o late_a navigatour_n which_o have_v be_v employ_v in_o the_o search_n of_o the_o northwest_o passage_n we_o find_v such_o strange_a relation_n not_o only_o of_o sea_n close_v up_o with_o ice_n and_o hinder_v their_o passage_n towards_o the_o north_n but_o also_o of_o rock_n and_o land_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o incredible_a greatness_n the_o truth_n of_o these_o relation_n i_o no_o way_n disapprove_v but_o rather_o out_o of_o these_o testimony_n approve_v our_o former_a assertion_n that_o sea_n which_o be_v whole_o salt_n be_v never_o find_v to_o freeze_v for_o first_o whereas_o it_o be_v call_v mare_fw-la congelatum_fw-la it_o may_v bear_v the_o n●me_n well_o enough_o from_o the_o multitude_n of_o ice_n float_v on_o the_o water_n or_o collect_v into_o a_o rock_n or_o island_n this_o ice_n as_o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v be_v not_o produce_v out_o of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n but_o rather_o carry_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o great_a river_n of_o fresh_a water_n run_v into_o the_o ocean_n for_o the_o river_n be_v not_o always_o freeze_v but_o sometime_o by_o a_o remission_n of_o the_o cold_a be_v thaw_v and_o the_o piece_n break_v a_o sunder_o and_o float_a into_o the_o sea_n in_o it_o oft_o time_n meet_v in_o great_a heap_n which_o may_v be_v prove_v 1_o in_o that_o these_o great_a r●cks_n of_o ice_n melt_v with_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v dissolve_v into_o fountain_n of_o fresh_a water_n gush_v down_o in_o great_a abundance_n wherewith_o sometime_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n they_o have_v fraught_v their_o ship_n as_o we_o have_v testify_v by_o the_o forenamed_a navigatour_n 2_o because_o some_o part_n of_o the_o main_a sea_n situate_v perhaps_o more_o northern_a and_o in_o a_o cold_a climate_n 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same_o cause_n to_o wit_n the_o exhalation_n and_o extraction_n of_o the_o thin_a part_n of_o the_o water_n there_o be_v many_o small_a cause_n give_v by_o patricius_n of_o this_o thickness_n of_o the_o sea-water_n f●●st_o because_o the_o part_n of_o it_o shall_v more_o strong_o hold_v together_o and_o not_o cover_v and_o overflow_v the_o firm_a land_n but_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v ground_v on_o a_o error_n that_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v above_o the_o land_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v contain_v itself_o within_o its_o own_o bound_n and_o limit_n which_o opinion_n we_o have_v elsewhere_o reject_v the_o second_o cause_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o bear_v and_o carry_v ship_n and_o other_o great_a weight_n for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n three_o the_o water_n be_v thick_a may_v more_o easy_o be_v convert_v into_o salt_n out_o of_o which_o many_o saltish_a mineral_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v engender_v other_o cause_n be_v give_v by_o this_o author_n but_o less_o forceable_a which_o we_o will_v omit_v as_o refer_v they_o to_o the_o philosopher_n who_o proper_a task_n it_o be_v to_o seek_v they_o out_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o be_v in_o this_o chapter_n to_o treat_v be_v either_o natural_a or_o violent_a the_o natural_a i_o call_v that_o which_o be_v partly_o incident_a to_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o sea_n 2_o this_o again_o be_v twofold_n either_o general_n or_o special_a general_n be_v that_o which_o agree_v general_o to_o all_o or_o at_o least_o to_o most_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n such_o as_o be_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n we_o must_v here_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n

of_o the_o earth_n but_o shall_v in_o part_n be_v drive_v back_o and_o in_o part_n flow_v beside_o for_o since_o it_o be_v of_o a_o moist_a nature_n while_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v from_o the_o air_n about_o it_o the_o water_n i●_n somewhat_o leave_v behind_o as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o a_o small_a vessel_n which_o be_v mo●e_n la●ge_v then_o deep_a for_o if_o it_o be_v move_v forward_o the_o water_n will_v leap_v back_o to_o the_o opposite_a part_n &_o will_v oftentimes_o poise_v itself_o hither_o &_o thither_o seek_v a_o aequilibration_n when_o therefore_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o little_a carry_v forward_o &_o the_o water_n as_o it_o be_v leave_v behind_o be_v out_o of_o his_o aequilibrium_fw-la or_o aquall_a poise_n it_o will_v run_v to_o the_o other_o part_n but_o beyond_o the_o true_a poise_n forth_o violence_n of_o the_o motion_n oppress_v into_o it_o in_o the_o beginning_n from_o thence_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o will_v tend_v again_o to_o the_o opposite_a part_n do_v this_o oftentimes_o seek_v a_o equal_a weight_n wherein_o it_o may_v rest_v so_o that_o if_o the_o earth_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n rest_v from_o her_o natural_a motion_n the_o water_n will_v also_o leave_v off_o the_o libration_n to_o and_o fro_o but_o because_o the_o circumvolution_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v perpetual_a the_o libration_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v also_o per_fw-la petuall_a so_o far_o forth_o then_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v of_o the_o continent_n or_o earth_n it_o be_v only_o accidental_a in_o the_o water_n neither_o beside_o his_o proper_a nature_n neither_o according_a to_o nature_n but_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o water_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n move_v in_o the_o earth_n it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v according_a to_o nature_n for_o it_o always_o seek_v the_o low_a place_n because_o it_o can_v equal_o follow_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n hence_o they_o give_v the_o reason_n why_o this_o motion_n be_v not_o perceive_v in_o lake_n and_o river_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o main_a ocean_n for_o since_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o very_o sensible_a it_o can_v be_v perceive_v but_o in_o a_o great_a mass_n of_o water_n the_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o opinion_n beside_o the_o refutation_n of_o other_o opinion_n be_v chief_o these_o two_o if_o the_o water_n by_o itself_o shall_v be_v move_v without_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v move_v either_o according_a to_o or_o against_o his_o nature_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v be_v grant_v first_o if_o according_a to_o nature_n there_o will_v not_o be_v one_o only_a motion_n of_o one_o body_n according_a to_o nature_n but_o many_o which_o be_v deny_v by_o ar●stotle_n if_o beside_o or_o against_o nature_n some_o violent_a motion_n will_v be_v perpetual_a which_o also_o seem_v absurd_a wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o sea_n shall_v move_v accidental_o for_o since_o the_o water_n be_v contain_v outward_o of_o the_o air_n internal_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o touch_v the_o water_n be_v of_o aristotle_n call_v stagnans_fw-la or_o stand_v still_o not_o flow_v as_o that_o which_o be_v above_o the_o earth_n but_o be_v only_o trouble_v various_o with_o wind_n this_o libration_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n can_v be_v cause_v by_o the_o wind_n or_o air_n wherefore_o it_o must_v proceed_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o second_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o quantity_n of_o tide_n in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o be_v ●ound_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o water_n swell_v high_a &_o great_a in_o the_o main_a ocean_n then_o in_o other_o lesser_a sea_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o about_o great_a britain_n it_o mount_v sometime_o above_o 80_o cubit_n also_o it_o often_o ebb_v and_o flow_v in_o lesser_a current_n because_o the_o space_n of_o this_o libration_n be_v short_a and_o stra●ghter_a or_o because_o beside_o the_o motion_n of_o ebb_a and_o flow_v which_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n partake_v from_o the_o ocean_n at_o hercules_n pillar_n they_o have_v a_o proper_a libration_n in_o their_o own_o channel_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o some_o narrow_a sea_n as_o in_o the_o euripus_n beside_o euboia_n the_o sea_n seven_o time_n a_o day_n ebb_v and_o flow_v whereof_o there_o can_v no_o sufficient_a reason_n be_v give_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o other_o cause_n whereto_o other_o philosopher_n ascribe_v this_o effect_n this_o opinion_n of_o caesalpinus_n seem_v to_o carry_v great_a likelihood_n of_o reason_n and_o congruity_n with_o experience_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o seem_v a_o paradox_n to_o most_o man_n i_o dare_v not_o warrant_v it_o otherwise_o then_o probable_a neither_o can_v it_o well_o stand_v with_o the_o ground_n of_o our_o magnetical_a philosopher_n because_o they_o affirm_v the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n together_o with_o the_o air_n to_o move_v round_o with_o one_o uniform_a revolution_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o one_o shall_v not_o move_v to_o the_o opposite_a part_n or_o stay_v behind_o the_o other_o as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o here_o to_o do_v there_o be_v yet_o another_o opinion_n more_o common_o defend_v in_o the_o school_n of_o natural_a philosopher_n that_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o principal_a cause_n other_o again_o as_o they_o admit_v the_o moon_n to_o have_v her_o operation_n in_o this_o effect_n join_v other_o cause_n to_o it_o and_o indeed_o this_o seem_v more_o probable_a for_o there_o want_v not_o argument_n in_o patricius_n and_o other_o late_a writer_n to_o show_v that_o the_o moon_n can_v be_v the_o sole_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n first_o because_o this_o motion_n be_v not_o observe_v in_o all_o sea_n lake_n and_o river_n whereupon_o nevertheless_o the_o moon_n have_v the_o like_a dominion_n but_o experience_n show_v the_o contrary_a for_o beside_o fresh_a river_n it_o be_v manifest_a by_o observation_n of_o traveller_n that_o this_o ebb_a and_o flow_v be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o hirc●●_n mantian_n and_o dead_a sea_n also_o in_o maotis_n palus_n in_o the_o pontic_a proponti●ke_v ligurian_a and_o narbon_n streyte_n neither_o in_o the_o tyrrhene_a sea_n moreover_o it_o be_v not_o observe_v in_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n neither_o can_v the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n excuse_v it_o because_o these_o sea_n be_v great_a and_o also_o for_o the_o most_o part_n within_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o therefore_o expose_v sometime_o to_o the_o perpendicular_a beam_n of_o the_o moon_n second_o if_o the_o moon_n shall_v by_o she_o own_o ●orce_n excite_v and_o move_v these_o water●_n then_o will_v it_o move_v those_o sea_n which_o it_o do_v move_v altogether_o and_o not_o only_o in_o part_n the_o contrary_a whereof_o we_o may_v find_v first_o in_o the_o red_a sea_n which_o in_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n ebb_n and_o flow_v but_o in_o the_o middle_n not_o at_o all_o moreover_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n ebb_v &_o flow_v as_o one_o sea_n on_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n wherein_o it_o be_v in_o a_o sort_n divide_v and_o yet_o those_o sea_n with_o which_o it_o be_v join_v as_o the_o tyrrhene_a ligurian_a and_o gallican_n sea_n feel_v not_o any_o such_o motion_n three_o it_o be_v object_v that_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o this_o fl●x_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n than_o those_o sea_n which_o be_v say_v in_o whole_a to_o move_v shall_v equal_o flow_v in_o height_n but_o this_o be_v contradict_v by_o experience_n because_o some_o flow_v high_o and_o some_o low_a as_o for_o example_n the_o adriatic_a sea_n in_o the_o inmost_a creek_n near_o venice_n swell_v near_o four_o foot_n in_o height_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o it_o not_o above_o two_o ●oote_n which_o increase_n be_v likewise_o observe_v in_o the_o aegean_a cretian_a ionian_a and_o cyprian_a sea_n also_o the_o syrian_a and_o egyptian_a even_o to_o portus_n ferinae_fw-la but_o from_o mons_fw-la pulcher_fw-la to_o the_o herculean_a streyte_n it_o increase_v above_o two_o foot_n in_o length_n but_o without_o these_o straits_n the_o same_o ocean_n by_o the_o coast_n of_o portugal_n and_o biscay_n and_o france_n the_o sea_n rise_v usual_o to_o 15_o foot_n in_o height_n and_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o belgia_n and_o britain_n 18_o foot_n at_o the_o confine_n of_o bristol_n to_o 60_o and_o thence_o to_o the_o border_n of_o s._n michael_n to_o 60_o but_o at_o the_o coast_n of_o aethiopia_n near_o the_o atlantic_a shore_n it_o rise_v not_o high_a than_o in_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n but_o near_o the_o land_n