i_o shall_v not_o determine_v but_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n issue_v by_o these_o spring_n that_o perhaps_o all_o these_o cause_n and_o many_o more_o will_v hardly_o be_v sufficient_a consider_v that_o some_o particular_a river_n v._o g._n volga_n vent_v say_v varenius_n as_o much_o water_n in_o one_o year_n as_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n amount_v to_o or_o if_o not_o one_o as_o some_o think_v they_o demonstrate_v yet_o three_o or_o four_o or_o as_o many_o as_o flow_v into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n discharge_v so_o much_o water_n as_o can_v well_o be_v imagine_v except_o we_o acknowledge_v a_o circulation_n of_o water_n not_o only_o by_o be_v rarify_v into_o vapour_n and_o condense_v again_o but_o also_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o conceive_n whereof_o perhaps_o it_o may_v somewhat_o conduce_v to_o be_v inform_v of_o the_o content_n of_o this_o great_a globe_n at_o least_o so_o much_o of_o it_o as_o be_v already_o discover_v by_o the_o miner_n and_o well-digger_n though_o not_o to_o any_o considerable_a depth_n i._n e._n of_o a_o very_a few_o fathom_n as_o the_o air_n be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o those_o we_o call_v meteor_n and_o the_o water_n of_o fowl_n especial_o fish_n so_o be_v this_o earthly_a globe_n of_o stone_n mineral_n salt_n bituman_n petroleum_n and_o divers_a sort_n of_o earth_n and_o they_o say_v that_o as_o far_o as_o they_o have_v dig_v they_o find_v it_o to_o consist_v of_o several_a sort_n or_o measure_n of_o earth_n stone_n etc._n etc._n many_o time_n thin_o spread_v one_o over_o another_o yet_o none_o of_o they_o perfect_o circular_a but_o from_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n whither_o in_o some_o place_n or_o other_o they_o reach_v they_o dip_v or_o slope_n the_o further_o they_o go_v still_o descend_v deep_o as_o if_o a_o line_n draw_v down_o upon_o their_o superfice_n be_v part_n of_o a_o spiral_n line_n and_o this_o for_o the_o great_a benefit_n of_o mankind_n that_o the_o same_o place_n may_v be_v supply_v with_o variety_n of_o soil_n thro'_o which_o measure_n descend_v from_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n seam_n like_o vein_n in_o a_o animal_n body_n which_o convey_v the_o rain-water_n that_o fall_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o in_o our_o quarry_n of_o stone_n these_o seam_n be_v fill_v with_o a_o very_a thin_a fine_a earth_n for_o the_o easy_a descent_n of_o the_o water_n neither_o be_v this_o descent_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n but_o one_o line_n begin_v at_o some_o small_a distance_n from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o upper_a that_o more_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v water_v and_o fertilize_v by_o it_o not_o only_o to_o the_o production_n of_o plant_n etc._n etc._n but_o also_o of_o mineral_n stone_n coal_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o very_a earth_n itself_o and_o why_o may_v not_o also_o in_o great_a rain_n part_n of_o this_o water_n descend_v low_a to_o the_o gravel_n as_o well_o as_o into_o the_o coal-pit_n lead-mine_n etc._n etc._n methinks_v therefore_o we_o may_v probable_o say_v 1._o that_o all_o those_o spring_n which_o arise_v near_o the_o bottom_n of_o hill_n and_o all_o such_o as_o diminish_v much_o in_o dry_a weather_n come_v from_o rain-water_n or_o melt_v snow_n 2._o such_o as_o arise_v in_o plain_n of_o which_o there_o be_v not_o many_o be_v furnish_v with_o the_o water_n in_o the_o gravel_n which_o be_v supply_v either_o out_o of_o the_o great_a abyss_n if_o it_o be_v not_o the_o abyss_n itself_o not_o unknown_a as_o it_o seem_v to_o seneca_n nimis_fw-la say_v he_o ille_fw-la oculis_fw-la permittit_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la credit_n esse_fw-la in_o abscondito_fw-la terrae_fw-la sinus_fw-la maris_fw-la vasti_fw-la or_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n discharge_v itself_o by_o this_o mean_n into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n 3._o from_o this_o water_n also_o be_v supply_v the_o well_n and_o pit_n which_o in_o some_o country_n afford_v all_o the_o water_n they_o use_v many_o of_o which_o also_o approach_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o summer_n then_o winter_n the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n force_v they_o high_o 4._o that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o salt-spring_n shall_v bring_v that_o tincture_n from_o the_o sea_n in_o wide_a channel_n or_o pipe_n because_o that_o there_o be_v great_a mine_n of_o salt_n of_o divers_a kind_n generate_v in_o the_o earth_n the_o solution_n of_o which_o may_v very_o well_o impregnate_n the_o water_n but_o these_o be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o our_o purpose_n but_o must_v be_v leave_v to_o their_o particular_a country_n where_o they_o arise_v it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o most_o wise_a creator_n make_v all_o thing_n in_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n which_o proportion_n though_o we_o do_v not_o understand_v yet_o we_o must_v needs_o admire_v he_o who_o in_o the_o beginning_n establish_v such_o a_o never-failing_a harmony_n whether_o this_o globe_n of_o earth_n grow_v or_o not_o earth_n of_o the_o grow_a of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o much_o material_a to_o our_o purpose_n for_o neither_o the_o growth_n or_o diminish_n of_o it_o can_v be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o alter_v the_o usual_a measure_n or_o distance_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v rational_o say_v that_o in_o low_a soft_a and_o boggy_a place_n it_o do_v grow_v not_o only_o by_o the_o wind_n and_o rain_n carry_v down_o somewhat_o still_o into_o those_o part_n but_o also_o by_o the_o grass_n weed_n and_o fog_n which_o by_o the_o rain_n be_v flat_v and_o beat_v down_o in_o winter_n do_v the_o next_o spring_n send_v forth_o new_a shoot_v from_o the_o old_a root_n which_o in_o tract_n of_o time_n do_v raise_v the_o ground_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o in_o such_o earth_n we_o oftentimes_o find_v tree_n which_o be_v cut_v down_o in_o those_o place_n where_o they_o former_o grow_v and_o not_o carry_v away_o in_o good_a time_n be_v at_o length_n grow_v over_o and_o cover_v with_o those_o weed_n and_o herb_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o turff-pit_n for_o this_o matter_n be_v not_o earth_n but_o turf_n they_o find_v not_o long_o ago_o a_o small_a parcel_n of_o coin_n upon_o a_o heap_n perhaps_o they_o have_v be_v tie_v up_o in_o some_o matter_n that_o be_v putrify_v of_o edward_n iv_o as_o i_o judge_v by_o the_o face_n and_o this_o be_v about_o eighteen_o foot_n deep_a which_o give_v we_o some_o conjecture_n how_o long_o at_o most_o that_o turf_n be_v a_o grow_a i._n e._n eighteen_o foot_n in_o two_o hundred_o year_n by_o the_o way_n also_o there_o be_v a_o few_o year_n ago_o in_o the_o forest_n of_o dean_n after_o the_o miner_n have_v wrought_v over_o a_o great_a cinder-heap_n find_v divers_a coin_n of_o brass_n fresh_a as_o when_o first_o mint_v of_o tetricus_n and_o some_o other_o of_o those_o tyrant_n about_o the_o year_n 260_o which_o give_v some_o hint_n by_o who_o and_o at_o what_o time_n those_o iron-mine_n be_v wrought_v neither_o do_v the_o dust_n or_o small_a part_n of_o earth_n wash_v or_o blow_v from_o high_a place_n considerable_o diminish_v they_o or_o fill_v up_o the_o valley_n for_o than_o will_v they_o also_o thicken_v and_o in_o time_n fill_v up_o also_o the_o sea_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o opinion_n of_o polybius_n who_o conceive_v that_o because_o he_o see_v the_o black_a or_o euxin-sea_n in_o his_o time_n to_o be_v so_o muddy_a and_o thick_a it_o will_v in_o time_n by_o still_o thickening_a become_v firm_a land_n but_o the_o lord_n of_o busbeque_n in_o his_o embassy_n to_o the_o grand_a signior_n about_o eighteen_o hundred_o year_n after_o polybius_n find_v it_o exact_o in_o the_o same_o condition_n as_o polybius_n have_v describe_v it_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o equal_o nor_o perfect_o round_a earth_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o be_v not_o the_o extuberance_n so_o great_a or_o considerable_a as_o to_o hinder_v the_o whole_a globe_n to_o be_v account_v round_o the_o great_a height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n make_v a_o insensible_a difference_n in_o the_o computation_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n now_o there_o be_v a_o rise_n or_o swell_v of_o the_o earth_n which_o common_o begin_v by_o the_o seashore_n and_o increase_v the_o further_a it_o reach_v in_o the_o continent_n beside_o that_o of_o the_o particular_a mountain_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v so_o order_v to_o make_v room_n for_o the_o sea_n and_o water_n yet_o be_v not_o all_o mountain_n make_v at_o or_o near_o the_o birth_n of_o the_o world_n some_o have_v be_v even_o in_o our_o memory_n cast_v up_o by_o earthquake_n as_o monte_fw-la novo_fw-la in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n near_a pozzuolo_n other_o by_o the_o wind_n heap_v up_o the_o sand_n together_o
carolus_n ii_o d._n g._n madge_n brit_n fran_n &_o hiber_n rex_fw-la &_o ct_o r._n white_n sculpsit_fw-la the_o english_a atlas_n volume_n i._n contain_v a_o description_n of_o the_o place_n next_o the_o north-pole_n as_o also_o of_o muscovy_n poland_n sweden_n denmark_n and_o their_o several_a dependence_n with_o a_o general_n introduction_n to_o geography_n and_o a_o large_a index_n contain_v the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o all_o the_o particular_a place_n thereby_o direct_v the_o reader_n to_o find_v they_o ready_o in_o the_o several_a map_n oxford_z print_v at_o the_o theater_n for_o moses_n pitt_n at_o the_o angel_n in_o st._n pauls-church-yard_n london_n mdclxxx_o to_o the_o king_n the_o reason_n why_o i_o presume_v to_o prefix_v your_o majesty_n name_n to_o this_o work_n though_o perhaps_o not_o sufficient_a to_o justify_v my_o boldness_n yet_o i_o hope_v may_v be_v so_o considerable_a as_o to_o obtain_v my_o pardon_n this_o seem_v in_o many_o respect_n to_o be_v a_o new_a undertake_n and_o the_o great_a for_o charge_n and_o hazard_n that_o have_v ever_o in_o this_o nature_n be_v adventure_v upon_o by_o any_o of_o your_o subject_n and_o therefore_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o more_o than_o ordinary_a patronage_n and_o encouragement_n which_o i_o can_v rational_o hope_v from_o any_o other_o for_o your_o majesty_n do_v not_o only_o understand_v and_o delight_v in_o these_o knowledge_n but_o have_v be_v also_o at_o great_a expense_n to_o promote_v direct_v and_o assist_v further_a discovery_n and_o except_o care_v be_v take_v to_o preserve_v what_o be_v already_o find_v out_o all_o the_o advantage_n that_o shall_v arise_v from_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o seaman_n and_o the_o bounty_n of_o the_o prince_n will_v determine_v with_o the_o expedition_n and_o the_o next_o age_n be_v to_o begin_v again_o as_o if_o no_o advance_v have_v be_v acquire_v i_o add_v also_o that_o if_o other_o prince_n have_v be_v as_o industrious_a as_o your_o majesty_n and_o your_o subject_n who_o to_o omit_v small_a particular_n first_o discover_v the_o great_a part_n of_o all_o the_o northern_a region_n of_o europe_n asia_n and_o america_n and_o first_o compass_a the_o world_n this_o atlas_n will_v have_v be_v more_o satisfactory_a and_o the_o science_n better_o complete_v the_o reproach_n also_o of_o the_o sloth_n negligence_n or_o what_o worse_a of_o mankind_n that_o in_o so_o many_o thousand_o year_n know_v not_o as_o yet_o the_o few_o league_n of_o their_o own_o habitation_n will_v have_v be_v avoid_v however_o as_o there_o be_v in_o this_o work_n care_v take_v to_o reduce_v into_o one_o body_n all_o that_o be_v hitherto_o know_v of_o the_o habitable_a earth_n and_o secure_v it_o from_o oblivion_n so_o i_o hope_v it_o may_v perpetuate_v the_o memory_n of_o your_o majesty_n patronage_n and_o testify_v the_o duty_n of_o your_o majesty_n most_o obedient_a and_o loyal_a subject_n moses_n pitt_n the_o proposal_n for_o print_v the_o english_a atlas_n that_o whereas_o moses_n pitt_n of_o london_n bookseller_n be_v encourage_v by_o his_o most_o sacred_a majesty_n his_o royal_a highness_n the_o duke_n of_o york_n his_o highness_n prince_n rupert_n both_o the_o university_n the_o royal_a society_n and_o divers_a other_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o learned_a man_n of_o this_o nation_n to_o undertake_v the_o print_n of_o a_o accurate_a description_n of_o the_o world_n and_o resolve_v to_o proceed_v with_o all_o convenient_a diligence_n for_o the_o more_o effectual_a carry_v on_o thereof_o make_v these_o follow_a offer_n i._o he_o the_o say_v moses_n pitt_n have_v the_o advantage_n of_o make_v use_n of_o divers_a plate_n already_o grave_v but_o more_o especial_o of_o those_o of_o janssons_n atlas_n do_v design_n by_o renew_v and_o regulate_v divers_a of_o they_o and_o by_o add_v many_o new_a plate_n together_o with_o new_a description_n throughout_o to_o print_v a_o complete_a collection_n of_o map_n table_n or_o delineation_n of_o the_o heaven_n earth_n and_o sea_n with_o their_o several_a part_n division_n and_o name_n ancient_a and_o modern_a in_o such_o manner_n that_o all_o the_o map_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o situation_n of_o north_n and_o south_n and_o all_o thing_n shall_v be_v as_o exact_o and_o particular_o describe_v as_o can_v be_v do_v by_o the_o help_n of_o all_o the_o map_n and_o delineation_n already_o extant_a in_o print_n and_o of_o as_o many_o other_o as_o can_v be_v procure_v of_o several_a thing_n and_o place_n former_o but_o imperfect_o describe_v as_o also_o of_o divers_a late_a and_o new_a discovery_n of_o part_n heretofore_o unknown_a or_o not_o take_v notice_n of_o as_o yet_o in_o any_o map_n ii_o to_o every_o map_n shall_v be_v adjoin_v a_o explanation_n of_o the_o most_o observable_a matter_n and_o history_n of_o the_o place_n therein_o contain_v wherein_o be_v intend_v that_o this_o work_n shall_v exceed_v all_o that_o have_v precede_v as_o also_o a_o alphabetical_a index_n to_o be_v add_v at_o the_o end_n of_o each_o volume_n with_o direction_n for_o the_o speedy_a find_v they_o in_o their_o respective_a map_n iii_o he_o will_v print_v the_o whole_a work_n in_o as_o good_a paper_n and_o character_n as_o any_o of_o those_o already_o print_v by_o bleau_n jansson_n sanson_n or_o any_o other_o iv_o whereas_o the_o atlas_n of_o bleau_n and_o jansson_n be_v usual_o comprehend_v in_o eleven_o volume_n in_o folio_n in_o all_o the_o language_n hitherto_o it_o be_v intend_v that_o this_o atlas_n in_o the_o english_a tongue_n shall_v be_v print_v in_o eleven_o volume_n likewise_o each_o volume_n to_o be_v sell_v to_o the_o subscriber_n at_o the_o rate_n of_o forty_o shilling_n in_o quire_n but_o if_o those_o gentleman_n that_o be_v concern_v in_o the_o management_n of_o it_o shall_v think_v fit_a to_o contrive_v it_o in_o few_o volume_n it_o shall_v still_o be_v at_o the_o rate_n of_o forty_o shilling_n a_o volume_n and_o each_o volume_n both_o in_o number_n of_o map_n and_o description_n shall_v not_o consist_v of_o less_o than_o fifty-five_o sheet_n map_n and_o fifty-five_o print_a sheet_n of_o table_n and_o description_n one_o with_o the_o other_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o director_n v._o he_o do_v also_o promise_v to_o deliver_v to_o the_o subscriber_n the_o several_a volume_n as_o they_o shall_v be_v complete_v and_o finish_v they_o pay_v their_o forty_o shilling_n at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o subscribe_v which_o be_v to_o be_v before_o the_o four_o and_o twenty_o day_n of_o july_n 1678_o forty_o shilling_n more_o at_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o first_o volume_n forty_o shilling_n at_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o second_o volume_n and_o the_o same_o sum_n to_o be_v pay_v upon_o delivery_n of_o each_o of_o the_o other_o volume_n successive_o only_o the_o two_o last_o to_o be_v deliver_v at_o twenty_o shilling_n a_o volume_n for_o which_o several_a sum_n aforesaid_a the_o say_a moses_n pitt_n will_v give_v his_o receipt_n under_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o seal_n with_o two_o witness_n thereunto_o with_o a_o engagement_n to_o deliver_v to_o the_o subscriber_n or_o their_o assign_v at_o his_o shop_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n they_o make_v good_a their_o subscription_n the_o several_a volume_n as_o they_o shall_v be_v print_v according_a to_o the_o plain_a meaning_n of_o these_o proposal_n vi_o no_o volume_n shall_v be_v sell_v single_o to_o any_o gentleman_n whatever_o except_o the_o subscriber_n by_o the_o bookseller_n moses_n pitt_n under_o five_o and_o fifty_o shilling_n in_o quire_n neither_o shall_v any_o volume_n be_v deliver_v to_o any_o person_n whatsoever_o before_o all_o the_o subscriber_n have_v they_o provide_v they_o send_v for_o they_o within_o one_o month_n after_o notice_n give_v in_o the_o gazette_n of_o the_o finish_n of_o every_o volume_n vii_o the_o first_o volume_n begin_v with_o the_o north-pole_n and_o the_o place_n and_o country_n next_o unto_o it_o before_o which_o be_v to_o be_v add_v a_o introduction_n to_o geography_n such_o as_o shall_v be_v advise_v by_o the_o person_n after-named_n together_o with_o a_o map_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o map_n of_o the_o great_a division_n or_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o volume_n be_v intend_v to_o be_v complete_v before_o the_o four_o and_o twenty_o day_n of_o the_o next_o ensue_a march._n the_o next_o volume_n design_v be_v that_o which_o contain_v the_o low_a country_n and_o west_n part_n of_o germany_n where_o have_v late_o be_v and_o still_o be_v the_o scene_n of_o the_o great_a action_n now_o on_o foot_n intend_v to_o be_v complete_v within_o six_o month_n after_o the_o say_v four_o and_o twenty_o day_n of_o march_n the_o say_a time_n proportionable_o allow_v for_o the_o complete_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n unless_o it_o be_v judge_v necessary_a by_o the_o director_n that_o a_o long_a time_n be_v allow_v for_o some_o of_o the_o volume_n viii_o whosoever_o
esq_n benjamin_n woodroff_n d._n d._n canon_n of_o ch._n ch._n oxon_n sr._n peter_n wyche_n lady_n wymondesold_n of_o putney_n tho._n wyndham_n esq_n groom_n of_o the_o bedchamber_n john_n wyvell_n minister_n by_o rochester_n richard_n ld._n arch_n bp._n of_o york_n robert_n earl_n of_o yarmouth_n robert_n yard_n esq_n john_n yardley_n m._n d._n col._n med._n lond._n s._n hon._n tho._n yate_n d._n d._n principal_a of_o brazen-nose_n coll._n oxon_n james_n young_a esq_n robert_n young_a canon_n of_o windsor_n orbis_fw-la terrarum_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la accuratissima_fw-la tabula_fw-la auctore_fw-la joanne_n à _fw-fr loon_n honi_fw-fr soit_fw-fr qui_fw-fr mal_fw-fr y_fw-fr pense_fw-fr serenissimo_fw-la potentissimoque_fw-la domino_fw-la domino_fw-la carolo_n secundo_fw-la magnae_fw-la britanniae_fw-la francia_fw-la et_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la reg_n defensor_fw-la fidei_fw-la hanc_fw-la tabulam_fw-la totius_fw-la orbis_n d._n d._n d._n 〈…〉_o nova_fw-la totius_fw-la terrarum_fw-la orbis_fw-la geographica_n ac_fw-la hydrographica_n tabula_fw-la to_o the_o right_n reverend_a father_n in_o god_n john_n by_o divine_a permission_n ld._n bishop_n of_o oxon_n this_o map_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v johannes_n jansonius_n à _fw-fr waesberge_n and_o moses_n pitt_n and_o steven_n swart_a septem_fw-la planeta_n luna_fw-la ♋_o ☽_o mercurius_n ♊_o ☿_o venus_n ♎_o ♉_o sol_fw-la ♌_o ☉_o mars_n ♈_o ♂_o jupiter_n â™_o ♃_o saturnus_n ♑_o ♄_o quatuor_fw-la elementae_fw-la ignis_fw-la aer_fw-la aqua_fw-la terra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la anni_fw-la tempestates_fw-la ver_fw-la ♈_o ♉_o ♊_o aestas_fw-la ♋_o ♌_o â™_o autumnus_fw-la ♎_o â™_o â™_o hiems_n ♑_o â™’_o ♓_o septem_fw-la mirabilia_fw-la mundi_fw-la murus_n babyloniae_fw-la colossus_n pyramid_n mausoleum_n dianae_n templum_n jupiter_n olympicus_n pharos_n america_n septentrionalism_n terra_fw-la australis_fw-la incognita_fw-la the_o introduction_n cosmography_n be_v a_o general_a description_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n work_n the_o intention_n of_o the_o whole_a work_n consist_v of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n of_o both_o which_o a_o account_n be_v intend_v to_o be_v give_v in_o this_o atlas_n that_o of_o the_o heaven_n be_v reserve_v to_o a_o peculiar_a volume_n it_o being_n as_o we_o conceive_v of_o great_a necessity_n that_o we_o begin_v with_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o first_o of_o this_o great_a globe_n in_o general_a the_o description_n whereof_o belong_v to_o geography_n as_o that_o of_o particular_a region_n and_o country_n be_v call_v chorography_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o their_o peculiar_a map_n nor_o shall_v we_o omit_v such_o topographical_n description_n or_o the_o knowledge_n of_o lesser_a place_n as_o city_n river_n mountain_n etc._n etc._n where_o advantage_n may_v be_v to_o the_o reader_n now_o this_o globe_n which_o we_o call_v of_o the_o earth_n consist_v of_o land_n and_o water_n or_o sea_n the_o description_n of_o those_o be_v proper_o name_v hydrography_n which_o set_v forth_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o mouth_n of_o great_a river_n the_o havens_n rock_n shallow_n creek_n and_o such_o other_o consideration_n as_o concern_v navigation_n to_o this_o also_o a_o entire_a volume_n in_o this_o edition_n of_o a_o atlas_n be_v design_v and_o because_o that_o of_o ancient_a time_n the_o division_n and_o boundary_n of_o kingdom_n and_o country_n be_v very_o much_o divers_a from_o those_o at_o present_a to_o avoid_v confusion_n which_o must_v needs_o happen_v by_o treat_v in_o the_o same_o place_n of_o thing_n so_o different_a it_o be_v think_v necessary_a to_o reserve_v the_o ancient_a geography_n to_o a_o particular_a tome_n to_o be_v put_v forth_o with_o the_o rest_n in_o its_o due_a time_n thus_o you_o have_v a_o account_n of_o what_o be_v intend_v in_o the_o edition_n of_o this_o great_a work_n but_o it_o be_v first_o necessary_a to_o explain_v such_o term_n and_o lay_v such_o general_a ground_n as_o be_v of_o use_n through_o all_o the_o volume_n which_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o this_o preface_n or_o introduction_n first_o than_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v earth_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n make_v but_o one_o body_n the_o figure_n whereof_o be_v round_o and_o therefore_o be_v best_a and_o most_o natural_o represent_v by_o those_o we_o call_v globe_n though_o map_n also_o or_o plain_a figure_n if_o careful_o draw_v be_v sufficient_o exact_a this_o proposition_n though_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v rational_o enough_o as_o now_o grant_v by_o all_o learned_a man_n yet_o may_v it_o be_v evident_o prove_v both_o from_o celestial_a and_o terrestrial_a appearance_n whereof_o a_o account_n and_o reason_n may_v easy_o be_v give_v by_o this_o figure_n and_o not_o by_o any_o other_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o star_n rise_v soon_o to_o they_o who_o live_v eastward_o than_o they_o do_v to_o we_o which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o the_o whole_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a 2._o to_o those_o who_o live_v more_o or_o less_o northward_o the_o pole_n be_v more_o or_o less_o elevate_v for_o those_o inhabitant_n of_o iseland_n lapland_n etc._n etc._n who_o live_v about_o a_o thousand_o mile_n more_o northward_o than_o we_o do_v see_v the_o polestar_n fifteen_o degree_n high_o than_o we_o can_v and_o those_o who_o travel_n hence_o towards_o those_o country_n do_v find_v that_o this_o variation_n be_v make_v gradual_o alter_v about_o a_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a at_o the_o end_n of_o every_o hundred_o mile_n which_o can_v not_o be_v except_o the_o body_n on_o which_o they_o move_v be_v spherical_a 3._o the_o shadow_n which_o the_o earth_n cast_v upon_o the_o moon_n when_o she_o be_v partial_o eclipse_v be_v see_v to_o be_v circular_a and_o therefore_o the_o body_n which_o cause_v it_o must_v be_v so_o too_o to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v that_o many_o proposition_n in_o astronomy_n geography_n and_o navigation_n be_v found_v on_o this_o supposition_n and_o when_o they_o be_v apply_v to_o use_v they_o prove_v true_a and_o succeed_v according_a to_o expectation_n which_o certain_o they_o will_v not_o always_o do_v if_o the_o very_a foundation_n upon_o which_o they_o be_v build_v be_v unsound_a the_o same_o also_o be_v prove_v by_o plain_a sense_n and_o experiment_n as_o well_o as_o by_o reason_n and_o consequence_n for_o we_o perceive_v that_o ship_n which_o lose_v from_o their_o harbour_n in_o calm_a weather_n disappear_v gradual_o first_o their_o hulk_n than_o their_o sail_n and_o after_o a_o few_o mile_n their_o high_a mast_n the_o natural_a convexity_n of_o the_o water_n interpose_v betwixt_o they_o and_o our_o sight_n several_a also_o of_o our_o countryman_n and_o neighbour_n have_v sail_v round_o about_o this_o globe_n lose_v hence_o westward_o and_o return_v again_o fromwards_o the_o east_n from_o which_o and_o other_o navigation_n we_o may_v conclude_v not_o only_o that_o natural_o no_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v high_a than_o another_o but_o also_o that_o we_o may_v sail_v from_o any_o part_n to_o any_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o that_o every_o continent_n have_v sea_n about_o it_o and_o be_v indeed_o but_o a_o great_a island_n the_o controversy_n about_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o globe_n whether_o it_o stand_v still_o in_o the_o midst_n earth_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o as_o it_o be_v centre_n of_o the_o world_n as_o the_o ancient_n general_o opine_v or_o whether_o it_o move_v upon_o its_o own_o axis_fw-la and_o about_o the_o sun_n as_o the_o centre_n beside_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o our_o purpose_n in_o this_o as_o in_o the_o volume_n of_o the_o heaven_n the_o map_n and_o description_n be_v the_o same_o in_o both_o way_n and_o that_o the_o learned_a be_v not_o come_v to_o any_o issue_n in_o it_o nor_o have_v we_o any_o thing_n to_o add_v to_o the_o common_a and_o vulgar_a probable_a argument_n only_o we_o shall_v omit_v the_o part_n of_o this_o globe_n be_v natural_o separate_v one_o from_o another_o by_o sea_n ledge_n of_o mountain_n river_n desert_n and_o the_o like_a which_o be_v very_o opportune_a for_o the_o distinction_n of_o nation_n kingdom_n and_o government_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o creation_n globe_n of_o the_o water_n in_o this_o globe_n the_o water_n be_v light_a than_o the_o earth_n according_o overspread_v and_o compass_v it_o to_o some_o considerable_a height_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v in_o the_o begin_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o earth_n or_o water_n create_v be_v a_o undeterminable_a curiosity_n on_o the_o three_o day_n the_o almighty_a creator_n separate_v they_o by_o cause_v the_o water_n to_o sink_v into_o the_o deep_a and_o open_a cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o by_o the_o height_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o shore_n they_o be_v restrain_v as_o in_o a_o vessel_n from_o return_v to_o overflow_v and_o drown_v the_o dry_a land_n but_o if_o the_o shore_n be_v weak_a as_o many_o time_n it_o happen_v the_o water_n break_v through_o and_o overwhelm_v so_o much_o of_o the_o
dry_a land_n till_o it_o meet_v with_o a_o obstacle_n strong_a enough_o to_o coerce_v it_o from_o hence_o some_o do_v imagine_v that_o the_o mountain_n and_o valley_n be_v then_o also_o form_v the_o earth_n be_v before_o equal_a and_o smooth_a which_o be_v very_o probable_a in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o scripture_n say_v that_o the_o dry_a land_n than_o first_o appear_v other_o also_o imagine_v that_o the_o height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n equal_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o deep_a sea_n which_o indeed_o may_v be_v so_o but_o be_v not_o evident_o deduce_v from_o what_o have_v be_v hitherto_o observe_v it_o be_v more_o considerable_a what_o olearius_n mention_n that_o examine_v with_o a_o instrument_n the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n he_o find_v they_o level_v with_o the_o top_n of_o the_o border_a mountain_n p._n 142_o of_o his_o travel_n where_o he_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v high_a than_o the_o land_n his_o experiment_n suppose_v it_o true_o make_v if_o not_o to_o be_v solve_v by_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o refraction_n i_o know_v not_o what_o to_o say_v to_o it_o as_o neither_o can_v i_o resolve_v whether_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o centre_n or_o middle_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n earth_n the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o all_o heavy_a body_n descend_v to_o it_o as_o their_o proper_a place_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o its_o stability_n and_o unmoveableness_n though_o it_o seem_v to_o hang_v in_o the_o air_n or_o as_o other_o think_v that_o heavy_a thing_n descend_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o by_o a_o magnetical_a virtue_n draw_v to_o it_o from_o such_o a_o distance_n but_o this_o opinion_n declare_v not_o how_o the_o earth_n keep_v its_o place_n in_o the_o air._n or_o as_o other_o say_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v but_o a_o shell_n of_o no_o great_a thickness_n perhaps_o of_o three_o or_o four_o mile_n and_o within_o it_o be_v quite_o hollow_a by_o which_o mean_v the_o weight_n be_v so_o inconsiderable_a that_o it_o be_v sustain_v in_o the_o air_n as_o light_a body_n be_v in_o the_o water_n and_o that_o this_o cavity_n be_v the_o place_n of_o punishment_n for_o wicked_a angel_n and_o man_n the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n receive_v different_a name_n ocean_n the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n according_a to_o their_o greatness_n or_o their_o shoe_n fretum_n a_o straight_a be_v a_o narrow_a sea_n contain_v between_o two_o opposite_a but_o not_o much_o distant_a shore_n and_o give_v opportunity_n of_o pass_v from_o one_o sea_n to_o another_o as_o the_o strait_n of_o gibraltar_n of_o magellan_n davis_n the_o sound_n in_o denmark_n etc._n etc._n sinus_n a_o bay_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n run_v up_o into_o the_o land_n and_o almost_o encompass_v by_o the_o shore_n if_o but_o a_o little_a one_o it_o be_v call_v a_o creek_n if_o large_a a_o gulf._n and_o in_o these_o be_v havens_n or_o station_n for_o ship_n as_o road_n be_v in_o the_o open_a sea_n but_o defend_v from_o some_o wind_n the_o vast_a body_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v call_v the_o ocean_n and_o the_o sea_n be_v ordinary_o call_v some_o lesser_a part_n of_o it_o let_v into_o the_o land_n by_o a_o straight_a as_o the_o mediterranean_a baltic_a sea_n etc._n etc._n a_o lake_n be_v a_o large_a collection_n of_o water_n enclose_v within_o land_n some_o of_o which_o have_v no_o know_a or_o visible_a communication_n with_o any_o sea_n as_o the_o mare_n caspium_n lacus_n asphaltites_n or_o dead_a sea_n other_o have_v rivers_n run_v from_o they_o or_o through_o they_o as_o the_o lacus_n lemanus_n benacus_n etc._n etc._n river_n be_v make_v up_o by_o brook_n these_o by_o spring_n fountain_n of_o spring_n and_o fountain_n so_o that_o their_o original_n be_v from_o these_o spring_n but_o whence_o that_o water_n come_v which_o supply_v so_o many_o spring_n be_v somewhat_o dubious_a 1._o some_o imagine_v great_a cavern_n in_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v very_o cold_a condense_a the_o air_n into_o drop_n of_o water_n and_o those_o be_v collect_v make_v a_o spring_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o all_o or_o most_o of_o the_o famous_a cave_n as_o ooky-hole_n etc._n etc._n in_o this_o country_n have_v river_n in_o they_o of_o considerable_a bigness_n but_o those_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v there_o generate_v but_o to_o cross_v only_o the_o passage_n and_o in_o other_o such_o as_o that_o famous_a cave_n sometime_o serve_v for_o the_o quarter_a of_o a_o army_n call_v cavola_n de_fw-fr custoza_n near_o vicenza_n there_o be_v in_o many_o place_n continual_a dropping_n but_o whether_o from_o coagulate_v air_n or_o vapour_n or_o from_o water_n drain_n through_o the_o earth_n i_o know_v not_o there_o be_v also_o little_a pool_n make_v by_o such_o dropping_n and_o some_o also_o that_o have_v fish_n in_o they_o but_o very_o many_o such_o must_v go_v to_o the_o make_v up_o one_o small_a spring_n 2._o other_o attribute_v it_o to_o the_o great_a abyss_n mention_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o doubtless_o he_o that_o make_v the_o world_n best_a know_v the_o frame_n and_o constitution_n of_o it_o if_o that_o be_v his_o meaning_n as_o that_o very_o learned_a man_n mr._n lydyat_n think_v he_o have_v prove_v there_o seem_v indeed_o to_o be_v water_n in_o all_o or_o most_o place_n within_o the_o earth_n but_o not_o in_o every_o place_n at_o a_o equal_a depth_n which_o water_n run_v along_o in_o that_o bed_n or_o vein_n of_o gravel_n which_o lie_v sometime_o high_o and_o sometime_o low_o below_o this_o i_o never_o hear_v that_o any_o one_o have_v dig_v nor_o do_v i_o think_v it_o hardly_o possible_a to_o dig_v under_o it_o whence_o this_o water_n proceed_v i._n e._n whether_o from_o the_o sea_n or_o rain_n or_o concreated_a in_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o affirm_v only_o the_o well-digger_n do_v observe_v that_o in_o this_o gravel_n also_o there_o be_v a_o current_n or_o stream_n of_o the_o water_n why_o this_o gravel_n lie_v unequal_o high_a and_o how_o the_o water_n ascend_v in_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a question_n which_o some_o solve_v by_o say_v that_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o gravel_n as_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o vein_n of_o a_o humane_a body_n and_o move_v with_o the_o like_a vital_a motion_n other_o imagine_v that_o because_o the_o gravel_n be_v a_o opener_n mass_n of_o body_n not_o close_o contiguous_a together_o the_o water_n run_v in_o they_o and_o be_v force_v into_o high_a place_n by_o some_o other_o cause_n as_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n violent_o impel_v it_o in_o those_o narrow_a and_o crooked_a passage_n but_o these_o be_v only_o conjecture_n we_o must_v not_o enlarge_v too_o much_o upon_o they_o 3._o most_o man_n think_v that_o all_o spring_n proceed_v from_o the_o sea-water_n dulcify_v by_o percolation_n through_o the_o gravel_n or_o other_o convenient_a passage_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o difficulty_n that_o oppress_v this_o be_v that_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o imagine_v how_o the_o sea-water_n shall_v rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n yet_o even_o there_o be_v often_o find_v sea-plant_n natural_o grow_v which_o persuade_v many_o man_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o opinion_n though_o they_o can_v justify_v the_o manner_n and_o there_o be_v also_o divers_a lake_n upon_o the_o high_a hill_n among_o the_o alps_o as_o particular_o upon_o splugen_n which_o notwithstanding_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n be_v freeze_v in_o winter_n yet_o do_v trout_n and_o other_o fish_n live_v very_o well_o in_o they_o which_o persuade_v the_o inhabitant_n that_o there_o be_v communication_n betwixt_o those_o lake_n and_o other_o fresh_a water_n 4._o other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o water_n that_o furnish_v spring_n be_v that_o of_o rain_n or_o snow_n which_o come_v from_o the_o cloud_n and_o consist_v either_o of_o drop_n of_o rains_n or_o of_o small_a dew-drop_n whereof_o many_o together_o make_v rain_n and_o these_o cloud_n hang_v common_o upon_o the_o hill_n furnish_v they_o chief_o with_o moisture_n which_o be_v reserve_v in_o cistern_n or_o sometime_o in_o moss_n break_v or_o spring_v forth_o where_o they_o find_v the_o easy_a passage_n sometime_o the_o summity_n of_o the_o hill_n be_v either_o a_o lake_n or_o a_o bog_n and_o keep_v the_o water_n as_o in_o a_o pond_n line_v with_o clay_n till_o it_o come_v to_o such_o a_o height_n as_o it_o overflow_v and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n both_o of_o the_o continuance_n of_o spring_n and_o why_o there_o be_v so_o few_o in_o plain_n because_o the_o rain-water_n that_o fall_v there_o go_v down_o by_o the_o seam_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o deep_a that_o it_o can_v spring_v up_o again_o nor_o be_v there_o mountain_n so_o near_o as_o to_o supply_v they_o from_o their_o cavern_n whether_o any_o or_o all_o of_o these_o opinion_n be_v false_a
which_o they_o say_v happen_v frequent_o in_o the_o great_a and_o sandy_a desert_n but_o these_o be_v very_o few_o and_o i_o suppose_v as_o easy_o blow_v asunder_o as_o bring_v together_o however_o these_o deserve_v here_o no_o particular_a consideration_n this_o rise_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o large_a continent_n be_v doubtless_o very_o great_a though_o none_o either_o have_v or_o will_v ever_o be_v at_o the_o trouble_n and_o charge_n to_o measure_v it_o yet_o some_o estimation_n may_v be_v make_v by_o the_o length_n and_o swiftness_n of_o rivers_n it_o be_v common_o say_v that_o a_o ship_n be_v not_o able_a to_o sail_v against_o that_o stream_n who_o declivity_n be_v one_o pace_n in_o a_o hundred_o yet_o some_o declivity_n there_o must_v be_v and_o as_o they_o say_v seldom_o be_v it_o less_o than_o one_o in_o five_o hundred_o suppose_v then_o the_o nile_n which_o run_v in_o the_o great_a continent_n africa_n which_o we_o know_v in_o the_o world_n it_o disembogue_n into_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n in_o 31_o deg_fw-la of_o northerly_a latitude_n and_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o lake_n zaire_n which_o be_v in_o 10_o deg_fw-la or_o as_o some_o say_v 14_o of_o southerly_a latitude_n in_o all_o 41_o deg_fw-la which_o come_v to_o about_o 2460_o mile_n english_a if_o run_v straight_o but_o because_o of_o its_o bend_n it_o may_v be_v well_o estimate_v 3000_o mile_n which_o allow_v two_o foot_n to_o a_o mile_n come_v to_o six_o thousand_o foot_n if_o it_o move_v with_o as_o slow_a a_o motion_n as_o can_v be_v but_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v a_o swift_a river_n the_o mud_n not_o settle_v till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o sea_n and_o have_v in_o it_o divers_a great_a cataract_n the_o lake_n of_o zaire_n must_v needs_o be_v much_o high_a than_o the_o mouth_n of_o nilus_n but_o the_o height_n of_o mountain_n be_v more_o certain_o and_o easy_o know_v and_o divers_a of_o they_o have_v be_v measure_v as_o one_o of_o the_o high_a hill_n betwixt_o yorkshire_n and_o lancashire_n pendle-hill_n if_o i_o be_v not_o misinform_v be_v not_o find_v to_o exceed_v half_o a_o mile_n in_o perpendicular_a height_n olympus_n somewhat_o above_o a_o mile_n and_o some_o other_o as_o el_n pico_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o teneriffe_n yet_o high_o but_o the_o certainty_n we_o know_v not_o the_o manner_n of_o measure_v and_o calculate_v be_v thus_o which_o be_v much_o easy_a in_o such_o a_o mountain_n as_o teneriff_n or_o pendle-hill_n be_v one_o peak_v or_o top_n stand_v in_o a_o plain_a then_o in_o those_o juga_n or_o ledge_n of_o mountain_n which_o run_v through_o and_o divide_v most_o of_o the_o great_a continent_n of_o the_o world_n whereof_o the_o high_a may_v be_v still_o high_o than_o the_o other_o let_v b_o c_o d_o represent_v a_o mountain_n who_o height_n a_fw-fr c_o be_v thus_o find_v take_v two_o station_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n from_o it_o the_o first_o at_o b_o not_o far_o from_o the_o foot_n the_o other_o at_o e_o a_o considerable_a distance_n from_o it_o from_o each_o of_o these_o station_n take_v the_o angle_n at_o the_o top_n b_o c_o a_o e_o c_o a_o then_o out_o of_o 90_o subduct_n b_o c_o a_o the_o remainder_n be_v the_o angle_n c_o b_o ah_o which_o also_o be_v subduct_v from_o 90_o the_o remainder_n be_v the_o angle_n c_o b_o e._n therefore_o in_o the_o triangle_n c_o b_o e_o we_o have_v one_o side_n e_o b_o viz._n the_o distance_n of_o the_o two_o station_n which_o must_v be_v exact_o measure_v and_o all_o the_o angle_n for_o c_o e_o b_o be_v the_o compliment_n of_o the_o other_o two_o to_o 180_o then_o say_v as_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n e_o c_o b_o be_v to_o the_o side_n e_o b_o so_o be_v the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n c_o e_o b_o to_o b_o c._n having_n then_o in_o the_o rectangular_a triangle_n b_o c_o a_o one_o side_n b_o c_o and_o all_o the_o angle_n for_o a_o b_o c_o be_v the_o compliment_n of_o b_o c_o a_o to_o 90_o say_v then_o as_o the_o radius_fw-la be_v to_o the_o sine_z of_o b_o c_o a_o so_o be_v b_o c_o to_o c_o a_fw-fr the_o height_n by_o the_o quadrat_fw-la divide_v 10000_o by_o the_o number_n of_o part_n cut_v at_o each_o station_n then_o say_v as_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o quotient_n be_v to_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o statition_n so_o be_v 100_o to_o the_o height_n this_o great_a globe_n be_v not_o only_o divide_v into_o land_n and_o water_n earth_n division_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o many_o other_o way_n in_o respect_n to_o they_o as_o some_o be_v continent_n which_o be_v great_a part_n of_o land_n without_o any_o sea_n island_n be_v small_a part_n encompass_v by_o water_n peninsula_n or_o chersonesus_n be_v a_o part_n of_o land_n which_o will_v be_v call_v a_o island_n be_v it_o not_o for_o a_o isthmus_n or_o neck_n of_o land_n which_o join_v it_o to_o the_o continent_n a_o mountain_n or_o rock_n jut_v out_o into_o the_o sea_n be_v call_v a_o promontory_n cape_n or_o headland_n again_o the_o ancient_n divide_v all_o they_o know_v of_o the_o earth_n into_o three_o part_n europe_n asia_n and_o africa_n of_o each_o of_o these_o in_o their_o several_a place_n but_o another_o hemisphere_n have_v be_v late_o discover_v there_o be_v common_o add_v to_o these_o america_n as_o the_o four_o part_n other_o also_o name_v two_o more_o the_o land_n under_o the_o north_n and_o south_n pole_n which_o indeed_o be_v not_o comprehend_v in_o the_o former_a division_n yet_o because_o we_o know_v not_o whether_o there_o be_v land_n or_o only_a sea_n as_o under_o the_o north_n pole_n seem_v to_o be_v it_o be_v not_o expedient_a to_o account_v they_o distinct_a part_n till_o better_v discover_v our_o mariner_n that_o go_v with_o design_n to_o pass_v under_o or_o near_o the_o north_n pole_n in_o their_o search_n of_o a_o passage_n to_o china_n and_o arrive_v as_o far_o as_o 82_o deg_fw-la of_o latitude_n find_v nothing_o but_o some_o few_o island_n the_o rest_n as_o they_o can_v see_v be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n nothing_o but_o ice_n some_o do_v imagine_v that_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o habitable_a world_n receive_v their_o division_n from_o the_o three_o son_n of_o noah_n and_o i_o be_o indeed_o obtain_v africa_n but_o japhet_n dwell_v in_o the_o tent_n or_o habitation_n of_o shem_n though_o in_o process_n of_o time_n his_o posterity_n seem_v to_o have_v people_v the_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n we_o despair_v of_o know_v they_o have_v be_v forget_v even_o in_o herodotus_n time_n there_o be_v no_o hope_n now_o of_o retrieve_v they_o see_v the_o discourse_n concern_v the_o map_n of_o europe_n last_o the_o part_n of_o the_o land_n beforementioned_a description_n the_o particular_a observation_n in_o the_o description_n be_v very_o opportune_a for_o the_o separate_n and_o distinguish_v country_n nation_n and_o government_n the_o knowledge_n and_o consideration_n whereof_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o useful_a design_n of_o this_o whole_a work_n and_o all_o other_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n for_o it_o little_o conduce_v to_o know_v place_n unless_o we_o be_v also_o inform_v of_o what_o be_v contain_v what_o action_n perform_v and_o what_o concern_v ourselves_o may_v have_v in_o they_o in_o those_o therefore_o we_o shall_v consider_v the_o name_n situation_n bound_n of_o each_o country_n as_o also_o what_o city_n havens_n town_n fort_n likewise_o what_o mountain_n valley_n cave_n fountain_n and_o other_o such_o remarkable_a and_o to_o we_o and_o our_o country_n unusual_a thing_n as_o nature_n itself_o have_v form_v to_o which_o shall_v be_v add_v the_o condition_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o its_o production_n in_o order_n to_o the_o discover_v what_o in_o every_o place_n abound_v and_o what_o therein_o may_v be_v communicate_v to_o other_o country_n or_o what_o may_v probable_o be_v carry_v to_o they_o in_o order_n to_o trade_n in_o every_o nation_n also_o account_n shall_v be_v give_v of_o their_o original_a language_n manner_n religion_n employment_n etc._n etc._n that_o if_o any_o art_n or_o science_n useful_a to_o society_n be_v there_o eminent_a it_o may_v be_v transfer_v into_o our_o own_o country_n much_o more_o considerable_a be_v their_o government_n civil_a and_o military_a their_o magistrate_n law_n assembly_n court_n reward_n and_o punishment_n and_o such_o like_a neither_o must_v we_o omit_v the_o manner_n of_o educate_v their_o youth_n in_o art_n liberal_a and_o mechanic_n teach_v in_o their_o school_n university_n monastery_n shop_n also_o and_o the_o like_a their_o manner_n of_o provide_v for_o their_o poor_a of_o all_o sort_n either_o in_o hospital_n or_o workhouses_n last_o it_o will_v be_v expect_v that_o we_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o history_n or_o action_n and_o success_n of_o each_o
nation_n of_o their_o prince_n remarkable_a action_n etc._n etc._n and_o these_o head_n take_v in_o the_o sum_n of_o what_o be_v endeavour_v as_o the_o principal_a intention_n in_o this_o work_n of_o the_o artificial_a division_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o what_o 〈◊〉_d depend_v hereupon_o the_o supreme_a celestial_a sphere_n though_o it_o have_v real_o no_o line_n at_o all_o describe_v upon_o it_o yet_o 〈◊〉_d the_o benefit_n of_o our_o conception_n and_o expressible_a be_v suppose_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o several_a part_n 〈◊〉_d imaginary_a circle_n which_o artist_n have_v give_v â—â—â—gs_n and_o name_n unto_o the_o plane_n of_o these_o â—â—â—cles_n be_v continue_v down_o to_o the_o inferior_a â—â—â—s_n and_o earth_n be_v conceive_v to_o divide_v they_o 〈◊〉_d into_o the_o like_a part_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o 〈◊〉_d eight_o four_o great_a one_o which_o divide_v the_o â—â—â—vens_n and_o earth_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n and_o mcnany_o lesser_a which_o divide_v they_o unequal_o the_o â—â—at_a one_o be_v the_o horizon_n meridian_n equator_fw-la and_o 〈◊〉_d zodiac_n the_o two_o former_a of_o which_o be_v vaâ—â—â—le_a differ_v according_a to_o place_n the_o two_o â—â—â—er_n be_v fix_v and_o the_o same_o in_o all_o place_n the_o â—â—â—â—r_a one_o be_v the_o two_o tropic_n one_o of_o cancer_n 〈◊〉_d other_o of_o capricorn_n with_o the_o two_o polar_a â—â—â—les_n one_o the_o arctic_a or_o northern_a the_o other_o the_o nearctic_a or_o southern_a these_o and_o all_o circle_n 〈◊〉_d divide_v into_o 360_o part_n or_o degree_n each_o of_o which_o degree_n be_v again_o subdivide_v into_o 60_o minute_n these_o again_o into_o 60_o second_o etc._n etc._n the_o horizon_n so_o call_v because_o it_o terminate_v our_o sight_n be_v that_o great_a circle_n in_o the_o heaven_n horizon_n horizon_n which_o divide_v the_o superior_a and_o visible_a from_o the_o inferior_a and_o invisible_a hemisphere_n as_o in_o the_o scheme_n hh_v the_o two_o point_n every_o way_n 90_o degree_n distant_a from_o it_o be_v its_o pole_n z._n n._n the_o superior_a of_o which_o be_v exact_o over_o our_o head_n be_v our_o zenith_n or_o vertical_a point_n the_o inferior_a which_o be_v diametrical_o opposite_a to_o it_o our_o nadir_n so_o that_o our_o horizon_n vari_v though_o not_o sensible_o every_o step_n that_o we_o move_v the_o circle_n draw_v from_o one_o of_o its_o pole_n to_o the_o other_o and_o cut_v it_o at_o right_a angle_n be_v azimuth_n those_o lesser_a one_o parallel_n to_o it_o be_v almicanter_n it_o be_v usual_o distinguish_v into_o rational_a which_o exact_o divide_v the_o heaven_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n because_o its_o centre_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o sensible_a which_o divide_v they_o unequal_o because_o its_o centre_n be_v at_o our_o eye_n but_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o superior_a orb_n the_o distinction_n in_o respect_n of_o they_o be_v useless_a and_o impertinent_a â—his_fw-la line_n intersect_v the_o horizon_n at_o right_a â—â—â—es_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o its_o partition_n into_o 〈◊〉_d oast_n call_v the_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n from_o â—â—â—nce_n the_o wind_n receive_v their_o denomination_n for_o 〈◊〉_d line_n extend_v between_o the_o two_o intersection_n 〈◊〉_d the_o meridian_n line_n point_v north_n and_o south_n 〈◊〉_d her_o intersect_n it_o at_o right_a angle_n point_v east_n 〈◊〉_d west_n which_o four_o be_v the_o cardinal_n wind_n 〈◊〉_d distance_n betwixt_o each_o of_o these_o be_v equal_o â—â—â—ded_v give_v four_o more_o each_o of_o these_o 8_o be_v â—â—â—n_o divide_v give_v 16_o these_o again_o so_o divide_v 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v distant_a from_o one_o another_o 11_o deg_fw-la â—â—â—min_fw-fr and_o thus_o name_v north._n north_n and_o by_o east_n north_n north_n east_n north_n east_n &_o by_o north_n north_n east_n north_n east_n and_o by_o east_n east_n north_n east_n east_n and_o by_o north_n south_n south_n and_o by_o west_n south_n south_n west_n south_n west_n &_o by_o south_n south_n west_n south_n west_n and_o by_o west_n west_n south_n west_n west_n and_o by_o south_n east_n east_n and_o by_o south_n east_n south_n east_n south_n east_n and_o by_o east_n south_n east_n south_n east_n &_o by_o south_n south_n south_n east_n south_n and_o by_o east_n west_n west_n and_o by_o north_n west_n north_n west_n north_n west_n &_o by_o west_n north_n west_n north_n west_n &_o by_o north_n north_n north_n west_n north_n and_o by_o west_n some_o have_v subdivide_v each_o of_o these_o into_o two_o part_n and_o reckon_v 64_o but_o that_o division_n be_v general_o reject_v as_o be_v too_o nice_a for_o use_v the_o line_n extend_v betwixt_o each_o of_o these_o and_o its_o opposite_a be_v that_o which_o mariner_n call_v a_o rumb_n describe_v by_o the_o ship_n follow_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o needle_n so_o that_o if_o it_o sail_v towards_o any_o of_o the_o cardinal_n point_v it_o describe_v a_o be_v of_o a_o circle_n if_o towards_o any_o other_o a_o spiral_n line_n the_o equator_fw-la be_v a_o great_a circle_n equator_fw-la equator_fw-la draw_v at_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o both_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n i_fw-mi it_o be_v so_o call_v because_o when_o the_o sun_n enter_v into_o it_o as_o it_o do_v about_o the_o ten_o of_o march_n and_o thirteen_o of_o september_n it_o make_v the_o day_n and_o night_n equal_a in_o all_o place_n of_o the_o world_n the_o zodiac_n be_v a_o great_a circle_n zodiac_n zodiac_n which_o cut_v the_o equator_fw-la oblique_o into_o two_o equal_a part_n ece_n its_o great_a declination_n or_o distance_n from_o it_o be_v about_o 23_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n it_o be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o 12_o sign_n that_o be_v in_o it_o aries_n taurus_n etc._n etc._n each_o of_o which_o contain_v 30_o deg_fw-la because_o that_o be_v the_o twelve_o part_n of_o 360._o the_o beginning_n of_o aries_n and_o libra_n be_v the_o equinoctial_a point_n and_o the_o meridian_n draw_v through_o they_o be_v the_o equinoctial_a colour_n pep_v as_o that_o through_o the_o begin_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n be_v the_o solstitial_a pcp_n the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n be_v a_o lesser_a circle_n tropic_n tropic_n describe_v by_o that_o point_n of_o the_o zodiac_n which_o be_v most_o distant_a from_o the_o equator_fw-la bcb_fw-la in_o this_o the_o sun_n move_v when_o it_o it_o have_v obtain_v its_o utmost_a northern_a declination_n which_o be_v about_o june_n 11._o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n be_v that_o answerable_a to_o it_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la wherein_o the_o sun_n move_v when_o it_o have_v attain_v to_o its_o utmost_a southern_a declination_n dd_v which_o be_v about_o dec._n 12._o the_o arctic_a and_o antarctic_a circle_n circle_n polar_a circle_n be_v those_o little_a one_o so_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n as_o the_o tropic_n be_v from_o the_o equator_fw-la aa_o and_o ee_o because_o they_o be_v describe_v by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o zodiac_n which_o be_v distant_a from_o those_o of_o the_o world_n 23_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n beside_o these_o four_o we_o may_v imagine_v innumerable_a other_o little_a circle_n parallel_n to_o the_o equator_fw-la such_o as_o in_o globe_n and_o map_n be_v draw_v every_o 10_o deg_fw-la for_o the_o more_o ready_a observation_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o place_n as_o in_o the_o scheme_n 10_o 10_o 20_o 20_o etc._n etc._n these_o 4_o less_o circle_n divide_v the_o earth_n into_o 5_o part_n zone_n zone_n which_o be_v call_v zone_n but_o this_o partition_n be_v of_o more_o note_n among_o the_o ancient_n then_o now_o it_o be_v though_o it_o can_v never_o be_v of_o any_o considerable_a use_n for_o to_o describe_v the_o situation_n of_o a_o country_n only_o by_o say_v that_o it_o be_v in_o such_o or_o such_o a_o zone_n be_v too_o wide_a a_o direction_n to_o find_v it_o out_o the_o two_o frigid_a one_o comprehend_v within_o the_o polar_a circle_n they_o think_v unhabitable_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o extreme_a cold_a and_o darkness_n as_o also_o they_o do_v the_o torrid_a one_o betwixt_o the_o tropic_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o exceussie_a heat_n so_o that_o the_o two_o temperate_a one_o betwixt_o the_o polar_a circle_n and_o the_o tropic_n be_v only_o leave_v to_o be_v inhabit_v but_o these_o mistake_n have_v long_o since_o by_o the_o improvement_n of_o navigation_n and_o merchandize_v be_v discover_v for_o even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n under_o the_o equator_fw-la be_v now_o well_o know_v to_o lie_v ethiopia_n sumatra_n and_o many_o island_n as_o populous_a and_o fruitful_a as_o any_o in_o the_o temperate_a one_o nor_o be_v they_o so_o much_o hot_a than_o we_o as_o they_o be_v near_o the_o sun_n because_o the_o length_n of_o their_o night_n be_v always_o about_o twelve_o hour_n the_o frequency_n of_o their_o rain_n and_o the_o briskness_n and_o constancy_n of_o their_o wind_n
that_o alone_a but_o to_o observe_v any_o two_o or_o more_o of_o they_o in_o the_o same_o place_n and_o with_o as_o much_o exactness_n as_o the_o present_a circumstance_n can_v well_o afford_v for_o when_o some_o can_v other_o may_v be_v see_v and_o error_n commit_v in_o the_o observation_n and_o calculation_n of_o one_o may_v be_v find_v out_o and_o correct_v when_o compare_v with_o another_o by_o such_o different_a observation_n frequent_o make_v and_o compare_v with_o one_o another_o which_o most_o pilot_n can_v in_o some_o measure_n do_v they_o will_v not_o only_o promote_v their_o own_o art_n and_o safety_n but_o very_o signal_o contribute_v to_o the_o perfection_n of_o geography_n in_o order_n to_o which_o it_o will_v be_v high_o advantageous_a if_o any_o true_a lover_n of_o art_n will_v take_v care_n that_o these_o follow_a particular_n may_v be_v put_v into_o practice_n 1._o that_o the_o longitude_n of_o some_o great_a merchandize_v city_n suppose_v london_n be_v exact_o compute_v by_o diligent_a and_o skilful_a astronomer_n from_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o same_o eclipse_n there_o and_o at_o the_o peak_n of_o teneriff_n or_o by_o what_o other_o method_n they_o shall_v judge_v most_o accurate_a 2._o that_o ephemerides_n be_v careful_o calculate_v for_o the_o meridian_n of_o that_o city_n show_v the_o moment_n of_o time_n when_o all_o the_o forementioned_a celestial_a appearance_n happen_v there_o 3._o that_o the_o merchant_n and_o other_o mariner_n be_v prevail_v with_o especial_o when_o they_o go_v any_o unusual_a voyage_n to_o take_v with_o they_o these_o ephemerides_n and_o to_o note_v continual_o when_o they_o be_v in_o foreign_a part_n what_o difference_n they_o observe_v betwixt_o any_o of_o the_o appearance_n there_o and_o in_o their_o table_n and_o at_o their_o return_n that_o they_o communicate_v they_o to_o such_o promoter_n of_o learning_n who_o shall_v be_v ready_a to_o receive_v and_o improve_v they_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o appearance_n of_o no_o other_o of_o the_o planet_n beside_o the_o moon_n and_o jupiter_n satellite_n can_v be_v serviceable_a to_o discover_v longitude_n be_v because_o the_o proper_a motion_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v so_o slow_a that_o the_o quick_a of_o they_o seem_v to_o continue_v in_o the_o very_a same_o point_n above_o half_a a_o hour_n and_o so_o how_o exact_a soever_o the_o observation_n be_v it_o may_v occasion_v the_o mistake_n of_o seven_o or_o eight_o degree_n whereas_o every_o longitude_n shall_v if_o it_o be_v possible_a be_v compute_v within_o as_o few_o minute_n many_o other_o method_n have_v be_v invent_v to_o solve_v this_o difficulty_n whereof_o some_o be_v too_o erroneous_a to_o be_v mention_v other_o too_o nice_a to_o be_v practise_v some_o artist_n have_v undertake_v to_o make_v clock_n to_o go_v so_o exact_o that_o be_v set_v to_o the_o just_a time_n of_o day_n at_o any_o know_a place_n they_o shall_v go_v true_a to_o a_o minute_n for_o many_o day_n and_o so_o be_v carry_v to_o a_o unknown_a one_o will_v show_v the_o hour_n at_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v set_v which_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o hour_n take_v by_o the_o sun_n or_o star_n at_o the_o present_a place_n will_v as_o before_o give_v the_o difference_n of_o their_o longitude_n but_o such_o clock_n as_o these_o have_v never_o yet_o be_v make_v that_o we_o have_v hear_v of_o though_o of_o late_a the_o art_n be_v arrive_v to_o so_o great_a a_o perfection_n that_o it_o seem_v scarce_o capable_a of_o any_o far_a improvement_n other_o also_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o spot_n in_o some_o of_o the_o planet_n and_o consequent_o their_o body_n themselves_o move_v regular_o round_o their_o own_o axis_fw-la as_o jupiter_n do_v in_o less_o than_o ten_o hour_n hence_o they_o collect_v that_o if_o the_o time_n and_o manner_n of_o these_o spot_n appearance_n be_v calculate_v for_o any_o know_a meridian_n and_o then_o observe_v at_o another_o their_o difference_n in_o longitude_n may_v hereby_o be_v find_v out_o as_o well_o as_o by_o any_o of_o the_o forego_n method_n but_o beside_o many_o other_o difficulty_n which_o attend_v this_o observation_n it_o can_v be_v make_v without_o the_o assistance_n of_o better_a telescope_n than_o be_v ordinary_o to_o be_v have_v to_o reduce_v the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n and_o of_o all_o other_o circle_n describe_v on_o the_o earth_n to_o english_a mile_n or_o any_o other_o know_v measure_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o we_o first_o know_v how_o many_o of_o they_o answer_v to_o one_o degree_n which_o be_v agree_v upon_o it_o will_v be_v easy_a to_o compute_v not_o only_o the_o distance_n in_o mile_n betwixt_o two_o particular_a place_n who_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n be_v give_v but_o also_o all_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n our_o english_a mile_n be_v derive_v original_o from_o the_o length_n of_o barly-corn_n 3_o of_o which_o be_v a_o inch_n 12_o inch_n a_o foot_n sixteen_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a a_o perch_n 40_o perch_n a_o furlong_n 8_o furlong_n that_o be_v 1760_o yard_n a_o mile_n by_o statute_n and_o the_o opinion_n most_o common_o receive_v be_v that_o about_o 60_o of_o these_o be_v answerable_a to_o a_o degree_n in_o any_o great_a circle_n on_o the_o earth_n and_o one_o of_o they_o to_o a_o minute_n if_o so_o then_o 60_o multiply_v by_o 360_o or_o 21600_o mile_n be_v the_o great_a circuit_n it_o be_v diameter_n be_v 6872._o the_o superficies_n be_v 148435200_o square_a mile_n the_o solid_a content_n be_v 169921796242_o cubic_n mile_n when_o two_o place_n differ_v only_o in_o latitude_n the_o degree_n of_o the_o meridian_n intercept_v betwixt_o they_o multiply_v by_o 60_o give_v their_o distance_n in_o mile_n if_o they_o differ_v in_o longitude_n only_o and_o be_v both_o under_o the_o equator_fw-la their_o difference_n in_o degree_n be_v likewise_o to_o be_v multiply_v by_o 60._o but_o when_o they_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o equator_fw-la the_o parallel_n under_o which_o they_o be_v be_v less_o and_o so_o few_o mile_n equal_a a_o degree_n in_o it_o the_o number_n of_o they_o in_o any_o degree_n of_o latitude_n betwixt_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o the_o pole_n be_v find_v out_o by_o this_o proportion_n as_o the_o radius_fw-la be_v to_o the_o sine_fw-la compliment_n of_o the_o latitude_n so_o be_v 60_o to_o a_o four_o which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o mile_n answer_v to_o a_o degree_n of_o longitude_n under_o that_o parallel_n by_o this_o rule_n the_o follow_a table_n be_v calculate_v to_o each_o degree_n of_o latitude_n show_v the_o number_n of_o mile_n and_o sixti_v part_n answer_v to_o a_o degree_n in_o their_o several_a parallel_n  _fw-fr english_fw-fr lat._n mil._n min._n equator_fw-la 60_o 00_o 1_o 59_o 56_o 2_o 59_o 55_o 3_o 59_o 52_o 4_o 59_o 50_o 5_o 59_o 46_o 6_o 59_o 40_o 7_o 59_o 37_o 8_o 59_o 24_o 9_o 59_o 10_o 10_o 59_o 4_o 11_o 58_o 52_o 12_o 58_o 40_o 13_o 58_o 28_o 14_o 58_o 12_o 15_o 58_o 00_o 16_o 57_o 40_o 17_o 57_o 20_o 18_o 57_o 4_o 19_o 56_o 44_o 20_o 56_o 24_o 21_o 56_o 00_o 22_o 55_o 36_o 23_o 55_o 12_o 24_o 54_o 48_o 25_o 54_o 24_o 26_o 54_o 00_o 27_o 53_o 28_o 28_o 53_o 00_o 29_o 52_o 28_o 30_o 51_o 56_o 31_o 51_o 24_o 32_o 50_o 52_o 33_o 50_o 20_o 34_o 49_o 44_o 35_o 49_o 8_o 36_o 48_o 32_o 37_o 47_o 56_o 38_o 47_o 16_o 39_o 46_o 36_o 40_o 46_o 00_o 41_o 45_o 16_o 42_o 44_o 36_o 43_o 43_o 52_o 44_o 43_o 8_o 45_o 42_o 24_o 46_o 41_o 40_o 47_o 41_o 0_o 48_o 40_o 8_o 49_o 39_o 20_o 50_o 38_o 32_o 51_o 37_o 44_o 52_o 37_o 00_o 53_o 36_o 8_o 54_o 35_o 26_o 55_o 34_o 24_o 56_o 33_o 32_o 57_o 32_o 40_o 58_o 31_o 48_o 59_o 31_o 00_o 60_o 30_o 00_o 61_o 29_o 4_o 62_o 28_o 8_o 63_o 27_o 12_o 64_o 26_o 16_o 65_o 25_o 20_o 66_o 24_o 24_o 67_o 23_o 28_o 68_o 22_o 32_o 69_o 21_o 32_o 70_o 20_o 32_o 71_o 19_o 32_o 72_o 18_o 32_o 73_o 17_o 32_o 74_o 16_o 32_o 75_o 15_o 32_o 76_o 14_o 32_o 77_o 13_o 32_o 78_o 12_o 32_o 79_o 11_o 28_o 80_o 10_o 24_o 81_o 9_o 20_o 82_o 8_o 20_o 83_o 7_o 20_o 84_o 6_o 12_o 85_o 5_o 12_o 86_o 4_o 12_o 87_o 3_o 12_o 88_o 2_o 4_o 89_o 1_o 4_o 90_o  _fw-fr 0_o when_o place_n differ_v both_o in_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n the_o distance_n betwixt_o they_o be_v also_o find_v out_o by_o two_o operation_n in_o trigonometry_n whereby_o a_o oblique_a angled_a spherical_a triangle_n be_v resolve_v have_v two_o side_n and_o the_o angle_n intercept_v give_v to_o find_v out_o the_o other_o side_n for_o in_o the_o present_a case_n the_o compliment_n of_o the_o latitude_n be_v the_o two_o side_n the_o angle_n make_v by_o they_o at_o the_o pole_n be_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o longitude_n and_o the_o
by_o the_o weed_n fowl_n be_v here_o in_o great_a abundance_n and_o variety_n fowl_n fowl_n our_o man_n have_v see_v those_o they_o call_v bassgeese_n or_o such_o as_o once_o a_o year_n come_v to_o breed_v in_o the_o bass_n a_o famous_a rock_n or_o island_n near_o edinburgh_n the_o native_n also_o have_v a_o very_a great_a art_n and_o dexterity_n in_o make_v and_o set_v snare_n and_o springe_n to_o catch_v they_o which_o they_o do_v chief_o for_o their_o skin_n and_o feather_n two_o or_o three_o of_o our_o man_n with_o their_o gun_n kill_v in_o one_o day_n fifteen_o hundred_o and_o find_v they_o worse_o taste_v but_o better_o clothe_v than_o those_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n in_o these_o country_n they_o can_v not_o eat_v they_o till_o flay_v their_o skin_n be_v very_o thick_a tough_a and_o more_o cover_v with_o feather_n which_o also_o be_v not_o easy_o pluck_v off_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o native_n dress_v their_o skin_n as_o they_o do_v those_o of_o beast_n and_o seal_n and_o make_v garment_n of_o they_o use_v they_o to_o all_o purpose_n like_o other_o fur_n with_o the_o feather_n outward_a in_o summer_n inward_a in_o winter_n which_o be_v also_o observe_v in_o all_o other_o cold_a country_n as_o well_o as_o groneland_n all_o person_n north-light_n of_o the_o north-light_n that_o have_v be_v there_o give_v a_o wonderful_a and_o strange_a account_n of_o a_o certain_a northlight_n as_o they_o call_v it_o not_o easy_o conceive_v by_o they_o who_o have_v not_o see_v it_o it_o appear_v usual_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o new_a moon_n and_o though_o only_a in_o the_o north_n yet_o do_v it_o enlighten_v the_o whole_a country_n sometime_o also_o norway_n iseland_n and_o even_o these_o region_n of_o we_o as_o gassendus_fw-la vita_fw-la piresk_n &_o exercit_fw-la in_o doctorem_fw-la flood_n say_v himself_o observe_v and_o at_o large_a describe_v nor_o shall_v i_o much_o doubt_v to_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v that_o which_o be_v sometime_o see_v in_o england_n and_o especial_o in_o the_o northern_a part_n call_v stream_v it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v like_o a_o great_a pillar_n or_o beam_n of_o fire_n yet_o dart_v out_o ray_n and_o stream_n every_o way_n move_v also_o from_o place_n to_o place_n and_o leave_v behind_o it_o a_o mist_n or_o cloud_n continue_v also_o till_o the_o sunbeam_n hide_v it_o the_o country_n seem_v to_o be_v inhabit_v by_o divers_a nation_n country_n division_n of_o the_o country_n differ_v in_o habit_n manner_n and_o language_n those_o who_o james_n hall_n find_v and_o bring_v with_o he_o differ_v much_o from_o those_o with_o who_o gotske_v lindenaw_n have_v to_o do_v that_o part_n which_o the_o norwegian_n be_v say_v to_o have_v ancient_o possess_v be_v a_o inconsiderable_a part_n of_o that_o whole_a country_n and_o they_o find_v several_a nation_n there_o beside_o themselves_o govern_v by_o several_a king_n though_o they_o write_v not_o that_o they_o have_v war_n one_o with_o another_o but_o only_o against_o they_o our_o late_a discoverer_n in_o 66_o deg_fw-la 50_o min._n find_v a_o country_n which_o the_o native_n as_o they_o can_v understand_v they_o call_v secanunga_n who_o also_o say_v that_o they_o have_v a_o great_a king_n carry_v upon_o man_n shoulder_n and_o they_o call_v he_o cachico_n but_o more_o particular_n than_o these_o i_o find_v not_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v general_o of_o a_o low_a stature_n inhabitant_n inhabitant_n black_a hair_n flat_a nose_a broad_a face_v lip_n turn_v up_o and_o of_o a_o ripe_a olive_n colour_n some_o of_o they_o also_o quite_o black_a their_o woman_n for_o their_o great_a ornament_n doubtless_o stain_v their_o face_n in_o blue_a and_o sometime_o in_o black_a streak_n which_o colour_n they_o let_v into_o the_o skin_n by_o prick_v it_o with_o a_o sharp_a bone_n that_o it_o will_v never_o be_v take_v nor_o wear_v out_o in_o all_o thing_n they_o resemble_v the_o samoieds_n and_o laplander_n they_o be_v very_o active_a and_o strong_a yet_o can_v some_o of_o our_o english_a run_v swift_a and_o leap_v far_o than_o any_o of_o they_o but_o they_o be_v hard_a enough_o for_o any_o of_o we_o at_o wrestle_v they_o be_v also_o very_o courageous_a and_o sometime_o desperate_a for_o rather_o than_o be_v take_v by_o our_o man_n they_o will_v throw_v themselves_o down_o the_o rock_n and_o mountain_n extreme_o thievish_a treacherous_a and_o revengeful_a they_o prove_v nor_o can_v any_o kindness_n or_o fair_a deal_n win_v they_o but_o as_o true_a barbarian_n never_o omit_v any_o opportunity_n of_o fulfil_v their_o desire_n they_o will_v steal_v when_o they_o see_v the_o mariner_n look_v upon_o they_o after_o they_o have_v be_v well_o use_v and_o treat_v at_o their_o table_n they_o will_v shoot_v at_o sling_z stones_z wound_n and_o kill_v our_o man_n if_o they_o can_v yet_o be_v they_o apprehensive_a enough_o and_o quick_o conceive_v you_o and_o express_v their_o own_o meaning_n if_o they_o have_v not_o see_v what_o be_v ask_v they_o they_o wink_v or_o cover_v their_o eye_n if_o they_o understand_v not_o stop_v their_o ear_n and_o the_o like_a they_o delight_v exceed_o in_o music_n to_o which_o they_o will_v keep_v time_n both_o with_o their_o voice_n hands_z and_o foot_n wonderful_a also_o affectionate_a one_o to_o another_o and_o to_o their_o country_n in_o one_o voyage_n there_o go_v a_o danish_a mariner_n with_o black_a hair_n flat_a nose_a and_o other_o though_o not_o very_o exact_a resemblance_n of_o a_o gronelander_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o see_v he_o they_o come_v about_o he_o kiss_v he_o hang_v upon_o he_o and_o show_v to_o he_o all_o possible_a demonstration_n of_o kindness_n and_o affection_n and_o those_o who_o be_v in_o denmark_n never_o enjoy_v themselves_o nor_o have_v any_o content_a but_o continual_o pine_v away_o and_o languish_v with_o discontent_n for_o their_o condition_n and_o love_n of_o their_o country_n their_o religion_n such_o as_o it_o be_v seem_v to_o be_v unto_o the_o sun_n for_o when_o our_o people_n invite_v they_o to_o conversation_n barter_v etc._n etc._n they_o hold_v up_o their_o hand_n towards_o the_o sun_n and_o cry_v yotan_n nor_o will_v they_o come_v near_o we_o till_o our_o man_n have_v do_v the_o like_a but_o john_n monk_n and_o divers_a other_o have_v go_v far_a into_o the_o country_n find_v image_n such_o as_o we_o make_v of_o devil_n with_o horn_n beak_n claw_n cleave_a foot_n etc._n etc._n very_o ill_o make_v altar_n also_o and_o quantity_n of_o bone_n of_o beast_n as_o of_o deer_n fox_n dog_n and_o the_o like_a near_o unto_o they_o they_o seem_v also_o as_o all_o idolater_n give_v to_o enchantment_n and_o sorcery_n our_o man_n have_v see_v they_o lie_v flat_a upon_o the_o earth_n and_o mutter_v their_o prayer_n or_o charm_n into_o the_o ground_n worship_v the_o devil_n who_o proper_a habitation_n they_o conceive_v to_o be_v under_o they_o in_o some_o disease_n they_o tie_v a_o stick_n to_o a_o great_a stone_n to_o which_o they_o pay_v their_o devotion_n and_o if_o they_o can_v lift_v it_o up_o easy_o and_o light_o they_o think_v their_o prayer_n be_v hear_v and_o recovery_n grant_v in_o winter_n they_o retire_v from_o the_o seaside_n unto_o the_o warm_a valley_n where_o they_o have_v their_o house_n and_o town_n which_o be_v common_o cave_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o hill_n round_o like_o a_o oven_n close_o to_o one_o another_o and_o passage_n in_o the_o inner_a part_n from_o one_o to_o another_o their_o door_n which_o be_v low_a and_o round_o open_a to_o the_o south_n and_o they_o dig_v trench_n also_o to_o draw_v away_o the_o water_n that_o fall_v or_o drain_v from_o the_o hill_n the_o entrance_n and_o some_o part_n of_o their_o house_n stand_v without_o the_o cave_n which_o they_o frame_v very_o handsome_o and_o commodious_o of_o the_o rib_n of_o whale_n join_v artificial_o at_o the_o top_n and_o cover_v with_o seals-skin_n they_o raise_v also_o one_o part_n of_o their_o floor_n high_o than_o another_o which_o they_o strew_v with_o moss_n to_o sleep_v upon_o but_o in_o their_o fish_n time_n they_o have_v tent_n which_o they_o remove_v from_o place_n to_o place_n in_o their_o large_a bo_n they_o set_v up_o four_o pole_n and_o cover_v they_o with_o skin_n which_o serve_v very_o well_o in_o summer_n when_o fish_v be_v do_v they_o return_v with_o they_o to_o their_o house_n their_o manner_n of_o barter_v be_v to_o make_v two_o heap_n one_o of_o such_o thing_n as_o they_o desire_v the_o other_o of_o what_o they_o will_v part_v with_o and_o they_o cease_v not_o to_o take_v away_o from_o the_o one_o or_o other_o till_o the_o trade_n be_v balance_v the_o chief_a thing_n of_o we_o which_o they_o value_v be_v knife_n needle_n little_a piece_n of_o iron_n looking-glass_n etc._n etc._n for_o these_o they_o will_v sell_v their_o bow_n and_o arrow_n
they_o be_v simbeyska-gora_a arbuchim_n but_o of_o the_o great_a part_n the_o name_n be_v unknown_a the_o river_n adrobe_n enter_v volga_n in_o 53_o deg_fw-la 48_o min._n as_o do_v the_o river_n vssa_fw-mi not_o much_o low_a a_o little_a beyond_o in_o a_o great_a plain_n be_v a_o sandy_a hill_n call_v sariol-kurgan_a which_o they_o say_v be_v the_o burial_n of_o a_o tartar_n emperor_n and_o seven_o king_n there_o slay_v and_o make_v by_o the_o soldier_n carry_v sand_n and_o earth_n in_o their_o helmet_n three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o verst_n below_o casan_n be_v samara_n a_o large_a city_n upon_o a_o river_n so_o call_v three_o verst_n from_o the_o bank_n of_o volga_n though_o it_o do_v not_o whole_o join_v with_o the_o great_a stream_n till_o fifteen_o verst_n low_o and_o over_o against_o it_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n fall_v in_o also_o the_o river_n ascula_fw-la and_o lisran_n below_o samara_n a_o hundred_o and_o fifteen_o league_n be_v the_o mountain_n of_o the_o donski_n cosack_v who_o from_o hence_o usual_o rob_v the_o boat_n that_o come_v down_o the_o volga_n below_o this_o the_o river_n zagra_n join_v the_o volga_n and_o not_o far_o thence_o the_o river_n be_v so_o shallow_a that_o the_o cosacks_n ford_n it_o and_o lurk_v in_o the_o sledgy_a and_o bushy_a island_n of_o the_o river_n rob_v and_o spoil_v secure_o these_o people_n do_v very_o much_o mischief_n to_o the_o russes_z and_o the_o emperor_n to_o repress_v the_o inroad_n of_o they_o and_o the_o tartar_n have_v build_v divers_a city_n and_o fort_n give_v they_o to_o be_v inhabit_v only_o by_o soldier_n one_o be_v soratof_o in_o 52_o deg_fw-la 12_o min._n chief_o against_o the_o kolmuck-tartar_n who_o country_n begin_v here_o and_o reach_n to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n a_o very_a deform_a barbarous_a and_o cruel_a sort_n of_o people_n great_a man-stealer_n and_o enemy_n both_o to_o russes_z cosack_n and_o chief_o the_o nagai-tartar_n czaritza_n tsornojar_n and_o divers_a other_o be_v build_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o verst_n below_o saratof_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o volga_n be_v the_o river_n ruslana_n and_o over_o against_o that_o the_o mountain_n of_o vrakufs-karul_a where_o they_o say_v a_o tartarian_a prince_n call_v vrak_fw-mi be_v kill_v by_o the_o cosack_n near_o to_o which_o be_v the_o river_n and_o mountain_n call_v camaschinka_n near_o whereto_o stenko_n radzin_n be_v bear_v the_o river_n rise_v out_o of_o the_o torrent_n of_o iloba_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o don._n the_o cosack_v bring_v over_o land_n their_o boat_n upon_o four_o wheel_n thence_o into_o the_o volga_n where_o they_o exercise_v their_o piracy_n and_o plundering_n the_o river_n bolloclea_n be_v ninety_o verst_n below_o camuschinka_n and_o near_o that_o about_o 48_o deg_fw-la 51_o min._n be_v the_o short_a distance_n betwixt_o the_o volga_n and_o don_n which_o be_v about_o seven_o league_n in_o 49_o deg_fw-la 42_o min._n be_v tzaritza_n three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o verst_n from_o soratof_n from_o thence_o to_o astracan_a be_v only_a heath_n and_o barren_a ground_n below_o lie_v the_o isle_n of_o zerpinske_a over_o against_o which_o a_o little_a river_n rise_v out_o of_o the_o don_n but_o so_o little_a that_o it_o will_v hardly_o bear_v a_o small_a boat_n massa_n in_o his_o map_n for_o in_o other_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v call_v it_o kamous_a fall_v into_o the_o volga_n near_o to_o this_o place_n also_o be_v begin_v a_o trench_n large_a enough_o to_o convey_v vessel_n from_o don_n to_o the_o volga_n and_o it_o be_v express_v in_o divers_a map_n but_o it_o be_v give_v over_o for_o the_o nagai_n and_o the_o other_o tartar_n fear_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o bring_v the_o turk_n upon_o they_o as_o the_o muscovite_n also_o do_v they_o join_v all_o together_o and_o not_o only_o disturb_v the_o work_n but_o also_o beat_v the_o army_n of_o the_o crim-tartar_n consist_v of_o 80000_o together_o with_o 20000_o turk_n and_o 3000_o janissary_n below_o that_o on_o the_o same_o side_n the_o river_n wesowi_n and_o thirty_o verst_n from_o that_o wolodinerski_n vtsga_n empty_a themselves_o into_o the_o volga_n the_o country_n all_o hereabout_o and_o down_o as_o far_o as_o astracan_a be_v very_o plentiful_a in_o liquorice_n thence_o the_o river_n descend_v to_o tzormegar_o a_o little_a city_n inhabit_v only_o by_o a_o garrison_n against_o the_o cosack_n who_o there_o use_v to_o rob_v and_o particular_o defeat_v a_o great_a convoy_n of_o fifteen_o hundred_o muscovite_n for_o the_o river_n be_v there_o very_o swift_a they_o suffer_v the_o soldier_n to_o go_v first_o and_o then_o set_v upon_o the_o merchant_n kill_v seven_o or_o eight_o hundred_o of_o they_o and_o carry_v away_o all_o the_o good_n before_o the_o convoy_n can_v come_v up_o to_o help_v they_o the_o next_o considerable_a place_n be_v astracan_a a_o great_a city_n in_o a_o island_n make_v by_o two_o branch_n of_o the_o volga_n and_o call_v dolgoi_n it_o be_v ancient_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o nagai-tartar_n and_o build_v by_o one_o of_o their_o king_n call_v astra-chan_a it_o lie_v in_o 46_o deg_fw-la 22_o min._n and_o the_o needle_n vary_v westward_o 13_o deg_fw-la 40_o min._n other_o say_v that_o it_o lie_v in_o 47_o deg_fw-la 9_o min._n yet_o be_v the_o winter_n which_o last_v but_o two_o month_n so_o cold_a that_o the_o river_n be_v freeze_v hard_o enough_o to_o bear_v sleds_o the_o island_n be_v sandy_a and_o barren_a except_o some_o garden_n cultivate_v by_o the_o rich_a citizen_n the_o country_n also_o thereabouts_o be_v marshy_a and_o desert_a yet_o do_v the_o inhabitant_n make_v a_o great_a profit_n by_o their_o salt_n which_o the_o sun_n bake_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n about_o a_o finger_n thick_a the_o inhabitant_n cast_v it_o up_o into_o great_a heap_n and_o transport_v it_o to_o other_o country_n the_o river_n also_o be_v mighty_o store_v with_o fish_n and_o there_o be_v great_a plenty_n of_o fowl_n of_o all_o sort_n they_o have_v great_a store_n of_o most_o excellent_a fruit_n and_o particular_o grape_n this_o city_n be_v ann_n 1554_o take_v from_o the_o tartar_n by_o ivan_n vasilowich_n who_o send_v his_o army_n in_o small_a party_n and_o several_a way_n arrive_v at_o the_o town_n before_o he_o be_v expect_v or_o the_o enemy_n provide_v to_o receive_v he_o present_o encourage_v his_o man_n by_o promise_v they_o the_o plunder_v of_o the_o town_n aug._n 1._o he_o take_v it_o by_o storm_n where_o he_o spare_v none_o that_o will_v not_o be_v baptize_v have_v repeopled_n it_o with_o muscovite_n he_o encompass_v it_o with_o a_o stone-wall_n and_o other_o fortification_n michael_n federowitz_n afterward_o add_v another_o part_n to_o it_o so_o that_o the_o circuit_n of_o it_o at_o present_a be_v 8000_o geometrical_a foot_n defend_v by_o 500_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n nine_o regiment_n each_o contain_n 500_o musqueteer_n two_o weywod_n etc._n etc._n the_o situation_n of_o it_o invite_v merchant_n thither_o from_o all_o part_n even_o from_o the_o indies_n so_o that_o the_o custom_n though_o very_o low_a amount_v to_o 25000_o crown_n per_fw-la ann_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n tartar_n of_o crim_n and_o nagaia_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o live_v in_o the_o city_n as_o neither_o to_o build_v city_n or_o fortify_v to_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o live_v in_o hut_v of_o reed_n or_o cane_n like_v to_o our_o hen-coops_a which_o in_o cold_a weather_n they_o cover_v with_o a_o course_n cloth_n the_o summer_n they_o spend_v in_o ramble_a up_o and_o down_o to_o find_v pasture_n for_o their_o cattle_n in_o winter_n time_n retire_v under_o astracan_a for_o their_o security_n against_o the_o calmuk_n and_o jaick_n tartar_n the_o grand_a tzar_n lend_v they_o arm_n which_o they_o restore_v at_o such_o a_o time_n they_o pay_v no_o tribute_n but_o be_v oblige_v to_o serve_v he_o in_o his_o war_n which_o they_o do_v very_o willing_o in_o hope_n of_o prey_n they_o have_v their_o own_o prince_n commander_n and_o judge_n but_o some_o of_o their_o chief_a murza_n be_v always_o keep_v as_o hostage_n at_o moskow_n if_o any_o one_o desire_n to_o know_v what_o these_o cosack_v be_v cosack_n of_o the_o cosack_n that_o have_v cause_v all_o this_o noise_n and_o trouble_v in_o the_o world_n though_o we_o shall_v treat_v more_o large_o of_o they_o when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o vkrain_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o give_v here_o some_o general_a account_n of_o they_o author_n differ_v much_o concern_v the_o reason_n of_o their_o name_n some_o say_v that_o they_o be_v so_o call_v from_o cosa_n which_o in_o the_o polish_v language_n signify_v a_o goat_n but_o i_o find_v that_o in_o the_o circassian_n and_o other_o tartar_a language_n cosac_n signify_v a_o soldier_n perhaps_o as_o cimber_n in_o
and_o many_o other_o superstition_n they_o seem_v to_o have_v borrow_v from_o the_o roman_n who_o come_v into_o this_o country_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o palaemon_n hence_o they_o use_v to_o burn_v their_o dead_a expect_v say_v cajalowicz_n part_n i._o hist_n lithv_n lib._n 5._o p._n 140._o a_o resurrection_n out_o of_o the_o ash_n at_o the_o come_n of_o a_o strange_a god_n to_o judge_v the_o whole_a earth_n from_o the_o top_n of_o one_o of_o their_o mountain_n from_o these_o idolatrous_a practice_n they_o be_v first_o convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n their_o great_a duke_n who_o a._n d._n 1386_o upon_o his_o marriage_n with_o hedvig_a queen_n of_o poland_n turn_v christian_n and_o be_v baptize_v at_o cracow_n by_o john_n bishop_n of_o that_o see_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o very_a pious_a and_o zealous_a prince_n and_o exceed_v diligent_a in_o bring_v over_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n to_o the_o christian_a religion_n at_o the_o first_o he_o meet_v with_o no_o small_a opposition_n but_o when_o the_o king_n have_v cut_v down_o their_o tall_a tree_n the_o temple_n of_o their_o heathenish_a god_n and_o not_o mischief_n befall_v he_o the_o people_n begin_v to_o think_v their_o idol_n will_v never_o take_v this_o affront_n if_o able_a to_o revenge_v themselves_o and_o therefore_o they_o be_v resolve_v to_o listen_v to_o their_o prince_n advice_n whereupon_o the_o king_n immediate_o build_v a_o cathedral_n and_o found_v a_o bishopric_n at_o vilna_n and_o the_o queen_n furnish_v seven_o parish_n church_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n with_o chalice_n vestment_n and_o all_o other_o necessary_n for_o divine_a service_n the_o russian_n at_o that_o time_n as_o most_o of_o they_o be_v still_o be_v member_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n so_o that_o the_o king_n think_v good_a to_o forbid_v marriage_n with_o a_o russ_n that_o will_v not_o conform_v to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n at_o this_o day_n many_o lithvanians_n be_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n though_o more_o of_o the_o roman_a in_o vilna_n and_o several_a other_o great_a town_n vast_a number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v lutheran_n the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v divide_v into_o ten_o palatinate_n the_o metropolis_n and_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v vilna_n the_o next_o be_v the_o palatinate_n of_o troki_n 3._o minsko_n 4._o novogrod_n 5._o breast_n 6._o volhinia_n 7._o kiow_n 8._o miecislaw_n 9_o vitebsk_v 10._o poloxko_n vilna_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n vilensski_n by_o the_o german_n die_v wild_a have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v the_o house_n be_v general_o low_a and_o mean_a all_o of_o wood_n except_v only_o in_o some_o street_n where_o merchant_n of_o other_o nation_n that_o resort_n hither_o for_o trade_n have_v build_v themselves_o more_o then_o ordinary_a gentile_a one_o of_o stone_n most_o of_o the_o church_n be_v of_o stone_n some_o of_o wood_n the_o suburb_n be_v not_o build_v here_o as_o at_o other_o city_n in_o europe_n but_o round_o the_o wall_n in_o a_o confuse_a and_o disorderly_a manner_n every_o man_n place_v his_o house_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o wooden_a booth_n where_o he_o please_v the_o citizen_n be_v exceed_o poor_a and_o idle_a slave_n to_o their_o noble_n and_o their_o belly_n they_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o for_o great_a lover_n of_o onion_n and_o garlic_n which_o kind_n of_o diet_n help_v by_o their_o smoky_a house_n blind_v half_o of_o they_o before_o they_o arrive_v at_o any_o considerable_a age_n their_o excessive_a intemperance_n in_o drink_v breed_v continual_a quarrel_n among_o they_o if_o a_o stranger_n be_v kill_v in_o any_o such_o broil_n the_o murderer_n pay_v only_o sixteen_o dollar_n as_o a_o mulct_n if_o a_o lithvanian_a be_v slay_v and_o the_o murderer_n fly_v it_o be_v usual_a to_o preserve_v the_o dead_a corpse_n embalm_v till_o they_o can_v apprehend_v the_o fugitive_n who_o they_o can_v condemn_v without_o show_v he_o the_o carcase_n of_o he_o he_o slay_v there_o be_v not_o one_o public_a hospital_n in_o the_o whole_a city_n though_o it_o stand_v in_o more_o need_n of_o such_o a_o provision_n then_o any_o place_n in_o europe_n if_o we_o may_v judge_v by_o the_o swarm_n of_o beggar_n every_o street_n afford_v the_o only_a piece_n of_o neat_a building_n be_v the_o monastery_n of_o bernardine_n monk_n all_o of_o hew_a stone_n the_o moscovian_a company_n of_o merchant_n have_v also_o a_o considerable_o handsome_a structure_n build_v for_o a_o repository_n of_o fur_n ermine_n and_o other_o rich_a merchandise_n bring_v from_o moscow_n the_o great_a duke_n palace_n have_v nothing_o of_o note_n in_o it_o but_o the_o armoury_n which_o be_v admirable_o furnish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o arm_n and_o armour_n consider_v that_o lithvania_n itself_o afford_v no_o mine_n of_o brass_n or_o iron_n about_o two_o english_a mile_n from_o vilna_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v another_o palace_n call_v from_o its_o situation_n wersupa_n that_o be_v near_o the_o water_n build_v by_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n all_o of_o wood_n and_o beautify_v with_o a_o park_n and_o pleasant_a orchard_n and_o garden_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lithvania_n have_v little_a in_o they_o observable_a save_v that_o they_o give_v title_n to_o palatine_n and_o duke_n what_o number_n there_o be_v of_o these_o last_o may_v be_v easy_o guess_v by_o what_o be_v report_v of_o vitoldus_n once_o great_a duke_n that_o he_o have_v no_o less_o than_o fifty_o duke_n at_o once_o in_o his_o army_n samogitia_n this_o country_n have_v its_o name_n from_o its_o situation_n which_o be_v low_a and_o wet_a samogitz_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n signify_v a_o marshy_a ground_n whence_o the_o moscovite_n call_v it_o samotzkasemla_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o liefland_n on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n with_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o some_o part_n of_o prussia_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v continual_o overflow_v with_o river_n and_o lake_n unpassable_a but_o in_o a_o frost_n the_o rest_n of_o it_o be_v full_a of_o wood_n which_o afford_v good_a store_n of_o honey_n pure_a and_o better_a than_o any_o in_o lithvania_n or_o liefland_n the_o inhabitant_n differ_v little_a from_o the_o lithvanians_n either_o in_o manner_n habit_n or_o language_n they_o be_v sottish_o ignorant_a gross_o superstitious_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v impose_v upon_o they_o use_v no_o plough_n in_o till_v their_o ground_n but_o dig_v it_o up_o with_o spade_n or_o stick_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a in_o some_o part_n of_o moscovy_n when_o one_o of_o their_o governor_n have_v observe_v how_o far_o his_o countryman_n be_v outdo_v in_o their_o husbandry_n by_o other_o nation_n endeavour_v to_o teach_v they_o the_o art_n of_o plough_v it_o chance_v that_o for_o two_o year_n after_o their_o crop_n be_v not_o so_o rich_a as_o former_o it_o have_v be_v whereupon_o the_o people_n attribute_v the_o miscarriage_n to_o the_o new_a device_n grow_v so_o enrage_v that_o the_o governor_n be_v glad_a to_o decry_v the_o experiment_n for_o fear_n of_o a_o insurrection_n when_o vladislaus_n jagello_n have_v convert_v the_o great_a part_n of_o lithvania_n he_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v the_o samogitian_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o resolution_n he_o go_v himself_o into_o this_o country_n and_o burn_v up_o their_o hallow_a grove_n and_o destroy_v the_o serpent_n and_o other_o creature_n they_o worship_v with_o threat_n and_o promise_v make_v they_o vow_n to_o abandon_v their_o former_a idolatry_n and_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n and_o for_o fear_v that_o when_o his_o back_n be_v turn_v they_o may_v relapse_n into_o their_o former_a heathenism_n he_o found_v a_o bishopric_n at_o mzdniki_n endow_v it_o with_o a_o revenue_n sufficient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o bishop_n and_o twelve_o prebend_n who_o be_v to_o officiate_v at_o so_o many_o parish_n church_n in_o and_o about_o the_o city_n howbeit_o the_o good_a king_n be_v not_o so_o successful_a in_o his_o undertake_n nor_o his_o successor_n so_o vigilant_a in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o his_o design_n but_o that_o to_o this_o day_n many_o poor_a ignorant_a idolater_n may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o desert_a part_n of_o this_o country_n these_o like_o the_o lithvanians_n speak_v of_o before_o worship_v a_o four_o footed_a serpent_n about_o three_o hand_n long_o call_v in_o their_o tongue_n givosit_n without_o one_o of_o these_o household_n god_n you_o shall_v scarce_o find_v a_o family_n if_o any_o mischief_n befall_v they_o they_o think_v it_o be_v because_o the_o little_a deity_n have_v not_o be_v well_o attend_v another_o piece_n of_o heathenish_a superstition_n be_v still_o retain_v by_o the_o rustic_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o
conceive_v the_o unreasonable_a dimension_n of_o some_o of_o our_o northern_a forefather_n we_o can_v imagine_v stature_n stature_n that_o such_o big_a bone_a fellow_n as_o these_o shall_v be_v cocker_v in_o the_o cradle_n or_o nurse_v with_o that_o tenderness_n which_o the_o formal_a luxury_n of_o our_o age_n require_v and_o according_o the_o forementioned_a author_n say_v that_o their_o woman_n seldom_o or_o never_o make_v use_n of_o a_o midwife_n but_o every_o one_o make_v shift_v to_o deliver_v herself_o and_o as_o soon_o as_o her_o short_a travel_n be_v over_o return_v unconcerned_o to_o her_o employment_n as_o soon_o as_o ever_o the_o child_n be_v bear_v the_o mother_n dip_v it_o all_o over_o in-cold_a water_n to_o harden_v it_o some_o commentator_n think_v virgil_n understand_v the_o german_n in_o that_o distich_n of_o he_o durum_fw-la a_o stirpe_fw-la genus_fw-la natos_fw-la ad_fw-la flumina_fw-la primum_fw-la deferimus_fw-la saevoque_fw-la gelu_fw-la duramus_fw-la &_o undis_fw-la though_o other_o fancy_n that_o he_o rather_o speak_v of_o the_o spartan_n but_o however_o sidonius_n speak_v downright_a of_o the_o ancient_a dutchman_n excipit_fw-la hic_fw-la natos_fw-la glacies_fw-la &_o matris_fw-la ab_fw-la alvo_fw-la artus_n infantum_fw-la molles_fw-la nec_fw-la cimbrica_n durat_fw-la frideric_n tileman_n a_o ingenious_a german_a writer_n reject_v the_o opinion_n of_o julian_n nonnus_n and_o other_o who_o report_n that_o the_o reason_n of_o cast_v young_a child_n into_o the_o rhine_n of_o which_o custom_n we_o have_v say_v something_o before_o be_v to_o try_v by_o their_o swim_n or_o sink_v whether_o they_o be_v lawful_o beget_v or_o bastard_n he_o allow_v of_o the_o story_n but_o think_v the_o design_n be_v rather_o to_o inure_v their_o infant_n to_o cold_a and_o to_o teach_v they_o courage_n ortelius_n say_v they_o use_v to_o place_v the_o infant_n on_o a_o shield_n and_o so_o commit_v it_o to_o the_o river_n upon_o the_o first_o discovery_n of_o the_o innermost_a part_n of_o germany_n to_o the_o roman_n clothes_n clothes_n the_o inhabitant_n wear_v little_a or_o no_o clothes_n the_o young_a people_n use_v to_o go_v stark_o naked_a the_o elder_a sort_n be_v all_o man_n and_o woman_n alike_o habit_v but_o both_o sex_n so_o mean_o clad_v that_o their_o wild_a beast_n skin_n their_o coat_n be_v seldom_o make_v of_o better_a stuff_n reach_v no_o low_a than_o their_o navel_n and_o never_o cover_v their_o nakedness_n some_o of_o the_o better_a sort_n wear_v little_a short_a woollen_a mantle_n in_o which_o such_o as_o be_v descend_v of_o a_o noble_a family_n have_v their_o coat_n of_o arm_n wrought_v in_o colour_n and_o sometime_o in_o gold_n or_o silver_n but_o such_o piece_n of_o gallantry_n be_v i_o suppose_v first_o bring_v in_o among_o they_o upon_o their_o acquaintance_n with_o the_o roman_n other_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o suit_n and_o coat_n all_o of_o one_o piece_n which_o reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o middle_n of_o their_o leg_n but_o want_v sleeve_n such_o as_o to_o this_o day_n be_v wear_v in_o the_o highland_n of_o scotland_n and_o some_o part_n of_o schwaben_n those_o that_o wear_v shoe_n for_o the_o common_a people_n use_v no_o such_o thing_n but_o go_v barefoot_a have_v a_o kind_n of_o sandal_n make_v of_o a_o badgers-skin_n or_o other_o rough_a untanned_a leather_n the_o nobility_n and_o rich_a yeomanry_n have_v small_a bracelet_n of_o gold_n about_o their_o arm_n and_o ring_n on_o their_o finger_n they_o have_v seldom_o any_o other_o bed_n then_o the_o earth_n bed_n bed_n which_o sometime_o they_o strew_v with_o hay_n or_o the_o leave_v of_o tree_n the_o more_o fashionable_a sort_n lie_v upon_o the_o skin_n of_o dog_n wolf_n or_o bear_n and_o from_o this_o custom_n the_o german_n still_o retain_v the_o word_n barenhauter_n or_o bearskinner_n as_o a_o nickname_n of_o as_o great_a reproach_n and_o contumely_n as_o can_v be_v put_v upon_o any_o man_n which_o seem_v at_o first_o to_o have_v signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o lazy_a loiter_a fellow_n that_o never_o stir_v from_o off_o his_o bears-skin_n though_o the_o german_a cookery_n be_v doubtless_o much_o different_a from_o what_o it_o be_v in_o former_a day_n diet._n diet._n yet_o their_o victual_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v almost_o the_o same_o in_o all_o age_n we_o find_v the_o ancient_n feed_v upon_o bread_n wild_a and_o tame_a flesh_n of_o all_o sort_n especial_o pork_n butter_n fruit_n etc._n etc._n they_o drink_v water_n milk_n and_o beer_n which_o last_o cluverius_n tell_v we_o be_v a_o drink_n peculiar_a and_o almost_o natural_a to_o the_o german_n some_o indeed_o that_o live_v on_o the_o border_n of_o gallia_n drink_v wine_n but_o this_o be_v only_o of_o late_a year_n for_o they_o be_v utter_a stranger_n to_o that_o sort_n of_o liquor_n before_o the_o emperor_n probus_n teach_v they_o to_o plant_v vine_n julius_n cesar_n say_v of_o the_o ancient_a schwabe_n vinum_fw-la ad_fw-la se_fw-la omnino_fw-la importari_fw-la non_fw-la sinunt_fw-la quod_fw-la ea_fw-la re_fw-la ad_fw-la laborem_fw-la ferendum_fw-la remollescere_fw-la homines_fw-la atque_fw-la effoeminari_fw-la arbitrantur_fw-la i._n e._n they_o will_v not_o suffer_v any_o man_n to_o import_v wine_n into_o their_o country_n look_v upon_o that_o liquor_n as_o a_o thing_n which_o strange_o weaken_v and_o effeminate_v those_o that_o drink_v it_o in_o their_o public_a feast_n and_o entertainment_n they_o use_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o freedom_n and_o jollity_n feast_n feast_n no_o man_n be_v to_o bring_v his_o wife_n to_o any_o of_o these_o revel_n nor_o his_o son_n before_o the_o twenty_o year_n of_o his_o age_n they_o sit_v common_o on_o the_o ground_n in_o a_o semicircle_n for_o the_o convenience_n of_o the_o waiter_n the_o chief_a man_n or_o master_n of_o the_o feast_n sit_v in_o the_o middle_n and_o the_o next_o honourable_a place_n be_v on_o his_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n if_o any_o man_n want_v a_o stomach_n answerable_a to_o his_o allowance_n of_o victual_n it_o be_v ordinary_a to_o pouch_n his_o commons_o till_o the_o morrow_n they_o have_v never_o more_o than_o one_o knife_n in_o a_o family_n which_o hang_v in_o a_o certain_a constant_a place_n where_o any_o guest_n can_v fetch_v it_o when_o he_o have_v meet_v with_o a_o morsel_n too_o tough_a for_o his_o tooth_n for_o otherwise_o if_o possible_a they_o devour_v their_o meat_n without_o cut_v the_o commonalty_n seldom_o or_o never_o marry_v more_o than_o one_o wife_n marriage_n marriage_n but_o the_o prince_n and_o nobility_n who_o be_v able_a to_o maintain_v more_o have_v the_o liberty_n to_o marry_v as_o many_o as_o they_o please_v tacitus_n give_v this_o account_n of_o the_o rite_n and_o solemnity_n use_v in_o their_o marriage_n dotem_fw-la non_fw-la uxor_fw-la marito_fw-la sed_fw-la uxori_fw-la maritus_fw-la offer_v intersunt_fw-la parent_n &_o propinqui_fw-la &_o munera_fw-la probant_fw-la munera_fw-la non_fw-la ad_fw-la delicias_fw-la muliebres_fw-la quaesita_fw-la nec_fw-la quibus_fw-la nova_fw-la nupta_fw-la comatur_fw-la sed_fw-la boves_fw-la &_o frenatum_fw-la equum_fw-la &_o scutum_fw-la cum_fw-la framea_fw-la gladioque_fw-la in_o haec_fw-la munera_fw-la uxor_fw-la accipitur_fw-la atque_fw-la inuicem_fw-la ipsa_fw-la armorum_fw-la aliquid_fw-la viroaffert_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n it_o be_v here_o a_o fashion_n for_o the_o man_n to_o give_v his_o wife_n and_o not_o the_o woman_n her_o husband_n a_o portion_n the_o relation_n of_o both_o party_n be_v present_a to_o examine_v and_o approve_v of_o the_o dowry_n which_o do_v not_o consist_v of_o such_o trinket_n as_o young_a wooer_n use_v to_o present_v to_o their_o mistress_n or_o bride_n make_v use_v of_o in_o their_o wedding-dress_a but_o some_o ox_n a_o bridle_a horse_n a_o shield_n spear_n and_o sword_n these_o the_o new_a marry_a woman_n receive_v from_o her_o bridegroom_n to_o who_o she_o again_o present_v some_o sort_n of_o weapon_n etc._n etc._n and_o how_o inviolable_o they_o keep_v their_o marriage-vow_n the_o same_o historian_n can_v inform_v we_o septa_fw-la pudicitia_fw-la agunt_fw-la nullis_fw-la spectaculorum_fw-la illecebris_fw-la nullis_fw-la conviviorum_fw-la irritationibus_fw-la corruptae_fw-la and_o in_o another_o place_n severa_n illic_fw-la matrimonia_fw-la and_o again_o paucissima_fw-la in_o tam_fw-la numerosa_fw-la gente_fw-la adulteria_fw-la where_o this_o italian_a seem_v strange_o surprise_v with_o the_o admirable_a chastity_n of_o so_o populous_a a_o nation_n and_o wonder_n at_o the_o more_o than_o ordinary_a straitlaced_a modesty_n of_o their_o matron_n which_o will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o indulge_v themselves_o the_o pleasure_n of_o see_v a_o play_n or_o dance_v with_o a_o friend_n at_o a_o wake_n the_o very_a name_n of_o german_n war._n war._n as_o before_o explain_v will_v testify_v that_o they_o be_v a_o warlike_a people_n though_o nothing_o of_o their_o valiant_a exploit_n be_v to_o be_v meet_v with_o upon_o record_n but_o florus_n can_v tell_v we_o in_o what_o a_o consternation_n the_o roman_a soldier_n be_v when_o they_o first_o think_v of_o give_v battle_n to_o the_o german_n
hludovicus_fw-la rex_fw-la missis_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la sine_fw-la bello_fw-la compressit_fw-la acceptisque_fw-la obsidibus_fw-la nonnullis_fw-la &_o muneribus_fw-la non_fw-la paucis_fw-la eos_fw-la sub_fw-la pristinum_fw-la redegit_fw-la servitium_fw-la i_o have_v be_v the_o more_o punctual_a in_o allege_v these_o authority_n because_o i_o find_v the_o polish_v writer_n obstinate_o deny_v that_o the_o silesian_n have_v in_o these_o day_n any_o other_o lord_n than_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n only_o vincentius_n kadlubko_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o polish_v chronicle_n seem_v to_o allow_v of_o the_o forementioned_a german_a relation_n when_o he_o say_v that_o boleslaus_n i._o annex_v seleucia_n prussia_n russia_n moravia_n and_o bohemia_n to_o the_o territory_n of_o his_o predecessor_n which_o intimate_v thus_o much_o that_o former_o seleucia_n or_o silesia_n be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o some_o other_o prince_n in_o the_o year_n 1042_o the_o emperor_n henry_n iii_o give_v a_o grant_n of_o silesia_n to_o bretislaus_n duke_n of_o bohemia_n who_o resign_v it_o up_o to_o the_o polander_n on_o condition_n they_o shall_v for_o ever_o pay_v out_o of_o it_o a_o yearly_a tribute_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o bohemia_n afterterwards_o henry_n iv_o at_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o mentz_n a._n d._n 1086_o give_v power_n to_o vratislau_n king_n of_o bohemia_n to_o invade_v silesia_n lusatia_n and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o to_o subject_v they_o to_o his_o own_o government_n as_o be_v testify_v by_o cosmas_n pragensis_n who_o be_v himself_o present_a at_o the_o diet._n this_o cromer_n can_v deny_v but_o only_o in_o the_o height_n of_o his_o passion_n assert_n that_o neither_o the_o emperor_n henry_n nor_o king_n vratislaus_n have_v ever_o any_o thing_n to_o do_v with_o a_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o any_o of_o these_o territory_n this_o assignment_n of_o silesia_n occasion_v war_n betwixt_o the_o bohemian_o and_o polander_n the_o late_a whereof_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v be_v conqueror_n since_o we_o read_v that_o the_o silesian_n remain_v still_o subject_a to_o boleslaus_n iii_o king_n of_o poland_n this_o king_n son_n vladislaus_n ii_o be_v banish_v by_o his_o brother_n who_o his_o father_n have_v leave_v coheir_n with_o he_o of_o the_o kingdom_n out_o of_o poland_n flee_v to_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n iii_o who_o successor_n frideric_n i._o force_v king_n boleslaus_n iv_o to_o resign_v all_o silesia_n to_o this_o exile_a brother_n and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o vladislaus_n leave_v behind_o he_o three_o son_n boleslaus_n mieczislaus_n and_o conrade_n who_o be_v joint-dukes_n of_o silesia_n but_o pay_v some_o small_a homage_n and_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n the_o flock_v in_o of_o the_o german_n into_o silesia_n with_o vladislaus_n and_o his_o son_n and_o their_o settle_v themselves_o in_o this_o dukedom_n breed_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o bad_a blood_n betwixt_o this_o nation_n and_o the_o polander_n insomuch_o that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n will_v seldom_o call_v any_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n to_o the_o general_a assembly_n or_o the_o prince_n and_o nobility_n of_o that_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v they_o ever_o admit_v to_o succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n though_o before_o the_o kingdom_n come_v to_o be_v elective_a they_o have_v often_o the_o just_a title_n to_o it_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o son_n to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n vii_o be_v a_o zealous_a promoter_n of_o these_o dissension_n manage_v they_o so_o well_o to_o his_o own_o advantage_n that_o at_o last_o he_o become_v lord_n of_o silesia_n by_o a_o agreement_n make_v with_o casimir_n the_o great_a king_n of_o poland_n however_o by_o this_o treaty_n the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v not_o make_v over_o to_o he_o for_o bernhard_n duke_n of_o sweidnitz_n still_o acknowledge_v the_o supremacy_n of_o the_o polish_v king_n as_o stanislaus_n lubienski_n prove_v out_o of_o several_a ancient_a record_n of_o that_o nation_n afterward_o casimir_n the_o great_a recover_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n the_o town_n and_o territory_n of_o wschovia_n contrary_a say_v curaeus_n to_o the_o article_n of_o the_o treaty_n sign_v by_o he_o and_o the_o forementioned_a john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o conquest_n or_o rather_o outrage_n commit_v by_o the_o say_v casimir_n soldier_n in_o the_o year_n 1343_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v keep_v actual_a possession_n of_o wschovia_n to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o casimir_n jagellonides_n iu._n john_n duke_n of_o oswiecieme_n venture_v upon_o a_o affront_n give_v he_o to_o invade_v poland_n and_o to_o lay_v waste_n several_a town_n and_o village_n in_o that_o kingdom_n the_o polander_n to_o make_v themselves_o satisfaction_n for_o this_o injury_n march_v into_o this_o duke_n territory_n and_o lay_v in_o ash_n the_o whole_a country_n before_o they_o until_o duke_n john_n be_v force_v to_o compound_v the_o business_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v for_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n resign_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n his_o whole_a right_n and_o title_n to_o the_o town_n and_o fort_n of_o oswieciem_fw-la by_o which_o mean_v that_o city_n be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n dominion_n in_o the_o year_n 1454._o about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o duke_n of_o ratibor_n and_o sessine_n make_v over_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sever_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o successor_n be_v lord_n of_o it_o to_o this_o day_n some_o other_o small_a tract_n of_o land_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o silesia_n do_v still_o belong_v to_o certain_a abbey_n and_o other_o religious_a house_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n but_o all_o the_o most_o note_a province_n except_o the_o dukedom_n of_o crossen_n of_o which_o in_o its_o place_n be_v reckon_v dependence_n on_o the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n upon_o which_o score_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n style_v himself_o duke_n of_o silesia_n this_o great_a dukedom_n be_v common_o divide_v into_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a silesia_n diviâ—â—_n diviâ—â—_n in_o the_o former_a whereof_o be_v contain_v the_o city_n and_o territory_n of_o jagerndorf_n troppau_n teschen_n ratibor_n and_o oppelen_n and_o in_o the_o late_a the_o town_n and_o dukedom_n of_o grotkau_n and_o neisse_n brieg_n bresslau_n oelss_o munsterberg_n schweidnitz_n javer_n lignitz_n glogau_n sagan_n and_o crossen_n another_o division_n of_o it_o be_v into_o the_o polish_v and_o german_n silesia_n whereof_o the_o first_o contain_v all_o the_o tract_n of_o land_n beyond_o the_o northern_a bank_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o late_a that_o on_o the_o southern_a all_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o bohemia_n there_o be_v vast_o high_a mountain_n which_o separate_v that_o kingdom_n from_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bohemia_n soil_n soil_n the_o most_o remarkable_a of_o which_o be_v the_o montes_n sudetes_n or_o risen-bergen_a whereof_o the_o reader_n may_v expect_v a_o large_a account_n in_o the_o description_n of_o bohemia_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o silesia_n the_o four_o chief_a mountain_n be_v 1._o zottenberg_n or_o zobtenberg_n call_v by_o latin_a author_n mons_fw-la zotensis_n zabothus_n and_o sometime_o silensis_n or_o silentius_n it_o be_v usual_o by_o the_o neighbourhood_n be_v about_o two_o german_a mile_n distant_a from_o schweidnitz_n call_v the_o silesian_n wethercock_n for_o by_o the_o top_n of_o this_o mountain_n they_o pretend_v to_o guess_v what_o weather_n they_o be_v to_o expect_v the_o next_o morning_n on_o the_o top_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n storm_v and_o demolish_v by_o the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1471_o because_o it_o have_v be_v for_o several_a year_n the_o harbour_n and_o refuge_n of_o a_o great_a company_n of_o robber_n who_o here_o keep_v their_o rendezvous_n and_o daily_o infest_a the_o vicenage_n out_o of_o this_o hill_n the_o silesian_n dig_v a_o delicate_a dark-green_a marble_n 2._o gratsberg_n or_o grodisberg_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n on_o the_o top_n whereof_o duke_n frideric_n the_o first_o build_v a_o fair_a castle_n which_o be_v since_o turn_v into_o a_o watch-tower_n 3._o spitsberg_n another_o beacon-hill_n not_o far_o from_o the_o former_a 4._o georgenberg_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o schweidnitz_n famous_a for_o the_o strigische_n err_v or_o terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la which_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o hard_a earth_n with_o several_a white_a yellow_a and_o red_a stroke_n or_o vein_n in_o it_o it_o be_v first_o discover_v by_o a_o excellent_a chemist_n john_n montanus_n physician_n at_o strigaw_n and_o by_o he_o make_v use_v of_o as_o a_o antidote_n against_o all_o manner_n of_o poison_n and_o a_o sovereign_a medicine_n for_o a_o great_a many_o disease_n which_o he_o cure_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o facility_n the_o secret_a he_o keep_v for_o some_o year_n to_o himself_o but_o at_o last_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o country_n and_o all_o mankind_n publish_v a_o