Selected quad for the lemma: earth_n

Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
earth_n add_v part_n zone_n 16 3 12.1952 5 false
View all documents for the selected quad

Text snippets containing the quad

ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A29001 New experiments and observations touching cold, or, An experimental history of cold begun to which are added an examen of antiperistasis and an examen of Mr. Hobs's doctrine about cold / by the Honorable Robert Boyle ... ; whereunto is annexed An account of freezing, brought in to the Royal Society by the learned Dr. C. Merret ... Boyle, Robert, 1627-1691.; Merret, Christopher, 1614-1695. Account of freezing. 1665 (1665) Wing B3996; ESTC R16750 359,023 1,010

There are 8 snippets containing the selected quad. | View original text

little_a exercise_n will_v put_v they_o into_o a_o great_a sweat_n and_o a_o learned_a and_o experience_a french_a doctor_n that_o have_v write_v in_o his_o own_o language_n of_o stone_n and_o jewel_n affirm_v that_o in_o such_o mine_n the_o subterraneal_a vapour_n and_o exhalation_n be_v visible_o so_o abundant_a and_o likewise_o so_o hot_a that_o the_o mine-man_n be_v constrain_v which_o a_o person_n i_o speak_v with_o affirm_v to_o i_o touch_v himself_o to_o work_v in_o their_o shirt_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a heat_n they_o there_o feel_v and_o though_o i_o will_v have_v be_v glad_a to_o know_v whether_o those_o deep_a place_n will_v have_v appear_v as_o hot_a when_o judge_v of_o by_o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n as_o they_o do_v to_o the_o mine-mens_n sensory_n because_o of_o some_o little_a doubt_n i_o harbour_v whether_o much_o of_o that_o copious_a sweat_v and_o seem_a heat_n may_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o dampish_a air_n and_o its_o 2._o unfitness_n for_o respiration_n yet_o because_o a_o virtuoso_fw-la that_o have_v a_o lead-mine_a of_o his_o own_o in_o which_o he_o wrought_v himself_o for_o curiosity_n answer_v i_o that_o he_o be_v not_o wont_a to_o find_v any_o difficulty_n of_o breathe_v in_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v so_o apt_a to_o sweat_v and_o since_o i_o find_v not_o that_o other_o have_v complain_v of_o have_v their_o respiration_n incommodate_v in_o such_o place_n unless_o by_o accidental_a damp_n my_o scruple_n be_v much_o abate_v and_o the_o rather_o because_o the_o author_n late_o mention_v ibid._n express_o affirm_v that_o the_o sudorific_a heat_n if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o well_o in_o summer_n 〈◊〉_d in_o winter_n which_o prevent_v the_o ascribe_v of_o it_o to_o antiperistasis_n and_o in_o other_o place_n than_o mines_n it_o be_v general_o observe_v that_o well_n and_o spring_n freeze_v not_o if_o the_o place_n whence_o the_o water_n be_v draw_v be_v very_o deep_a but_o as_o we_o have_v observe_v elsewhere_o that_o it_o oft_o come_v up_o smoke_v and_o as_o it_o be_v reak_a which_o argue_v that_o at_o the_o least_o the_o earth_n wherein_o it_o be_v harbour_v or_o through_o which_o it_o pass_v be_v if_o not_o warm_a free_a from_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o may_v be_v expect_a in_o the_o earth_n if_o it_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la nor_o can_v it_o be_v reasonable_o pretend_v that_o the_o subterraneal_a heat_n come_v from_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n since_o learned_a man_n have_v observe_v that_o 2._o those_o heat_n not_o the_o earth_n above_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n deep_a even_o in_o southern_a country_n and_o though_o we_o shall_v allow_v they_o to_o pierce_v three_o time_n as_o far_o yet_o that_o will_v not_o be_v considerable_a to_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o mine_n above_o mention_v and_o if_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o its_o own_o nature_n cold_a and_o receive_v the_o heat_n it_o disclose_v only_o from_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n the_o deep_a man_n dig_v the_o lesser_a of_o heat_n and_o steam_n they_o will_v meet_v with_o whereas_o the_o above_o cite_a french_a minerallist_n affirm_v that_o the_o low_a they_o go_v the_o more_o vapour_n exhalation_n and_o heat_n they_o find_v 9_o but_o because_o this_o learned_a man_n deliver_v this_o circumstance_n in_o a_o dogmatical_a rather_o than_o a_o historical_a way_n i_o will_v add_v somewhat_o out_o of_o a_o relation_n whence_o i_o have_v air._n elsewhere_o take_v other_o particular_n make_v by_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d likewise_o that_o have_v 〈◊〉_d curiosity_n to_o descend_v himself_o into_o the_o deep_a mine_n of_o hungary_n some_o of_o which_o that_o he_o go_v down_o into_o may_v be_v collect_v by_o his_o narrative_a to_o have_v three_o or_o four_o 〈◊〉_d fathom_n that_o be_v eighteen_o or_o twenty_o four_o hundred_o foot_n of_o perpendicular_a depth_n this_o author_n than_o relate_v that_o after_o he_o have_v descend_v about_o 180._o or_o a_o hundred_o fathom_n he_o come_v into_o a_o very_a warm_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o last_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o mine_n and_o be_v so_o 〈◊〉_d both_o winter_n and_o summer_n that_o the_o laborors_n be_v wont_n to_o work_v in_o it_o without_o their_o clothes_n and_o he_o be_v scarce_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o heat_n of_o it_o although_o the_o external_a air_n be_v very_o hot_a the_o weather_n be_v very_o fair_a and_o the_o month_n july_n fodiatur_fw-la he_o add_v that_o he_o have_v demand_v of_o the_o overseer_n of_o the_o mine_n whence_o this_o heat_n come_v he_o be_v answer_v to_o that_o and_o several_a other_o question_n that_o it_o come_v from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o in_o all_o deep_a mine_n after_o one_o be_v past_o the_o cold_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n one_o come_v into_o a_o region_n that_o be_v perpetual_o warm_a and_o that_o where_o ever_o they_o dig_v the_o ground_n after_o they_o be_v come_v to_o such_o a_o depth_n which_o he_o elsewhere_o mention_n to_o be_v about_o 80._o or_o a_o hundred_o fathom_n they_o feel_v no_o more_o any_o cold_a but_o a_o perpetual_a heat_n how_o deep_a soever_o they_o dig_v etc._n yet_o without_o observe_v that_o after_o they_o be_v once_o into_o that_o warm_a region_n they_o find_v the_o heat_n sensible_o increase_v the_o near_o they_o approach_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n unless_o by_o accident_n they_o happen_v to_o dig_v through_o vein_n of_o hot_a mineral_n and_o these_o answer_n subjoin_v my_o author_n i_o receive_v not_o in_o one_o mine_n alone_o or_o from_o a_o single_a overseer_n but_o in_o all_o the_o mine_n and_o from_o all_o the_o master_n of_o they_o so_o that_o if_o these_o be_v not_o mistake_v we_o may_v safe_o conclude_v that_o as_o far_o as_o experience_n can_v inform_v we_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o its_o lowermost_a part_n where_o it_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v cold_a be_v every_o where_o and_o that_o considerable_o hot_a i_o say_v if_o these_o mine-man_n be_v not_o mistake_v because_o have_v be_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o mine_n myself_o though_o i_o find_v it_o acknowledge_v that_o it_o be_v still_o warm_a in_o the_o bottom_n of_o deep_a one_o yet_o i_o confess_v i_o somewhat_o suspect_v by_o what_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o this_o degree_n of_o heat_n which_o our_o french_a physician_n find_v in_o the_o hungarian_a mine_n may_v be_v rather_o in_o great_a part_n from_o the_o peculiar_a nature_n of_o those_o place_n or_o of_o the_o mineral_n generate_v there_o then_o bare_o as_o he_o and_o those_o that_o inform_v he_o suppose_v from_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o depth_n beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o i_o know_v several_a mixture_n beside_o those_o that_o be_v common_a of_o body_n neither_o of_o they_o actual_o hot_a which_o will_v produce_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o very_o credible_a eye_n witness_n affirm_v that_o in_o some_o part_n of_o england_n they_o dig_v up_o good_a store_n of_o a_o kind_n of_o mineral_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v of_o a_o vitriolate_a nature_n which_o by_o the_o bare_a addition_n of_o common_a water_n will_v grow_v hot_a almost_o to_o ignition_n so_o that_o the_o hungarian_a mine_n be_v deep_a and_o as_o appear_v by_o our_o author_n narrative_a be_v not_o 〈◊〉_d of_o water_n enough_o to_o make_v a_o subterraneal_a spring_n in_o the_o mine_n its_o self_n beside_o what_o water_n may_v plentiful_o ascend_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n and_o moisten_v the_o oar_n it_o may_v be_v suspect_v that_o either_o the_o water_n or_o some_o appropriate_v mineral_n spirit_n or_o juice_n of_o which_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v contain_v divers_a that_o we_o know_v nothing_o of_o may_v produce_v together_o with_o the_o mineral_n a_o warm_a steam_n which_o for_o want_v of_o sufficient_a vent_n in_o those_o narrow_a and_o close_a place_n may_v heat_v they_o considerable_o which_o conjecture_n may_v be_v countenance_v by_o these_o three_o circumstance_n that_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o our_o author_n narrative_a one_o that_o the_o smoke_n that_o copious_o ascend_v out_o of_o the_o mine_n by_o the_o perpendicular_a grove_n be_v not_o bare_o hot_a but_o consist_v of_o stink_a exhalation_n which_o be_v so_o saline_a and_o fret_v as_o oftentimes_o to_o corrode_v and_o spoil_v both_o the_o wooden_a ladder_n or_o stair_n and_o the_o iron_n instrument_n of_o the_o digger_n the_o other_o that_o the_o overseer_n themselves_o of_o the_o mine_n tell_v morinus_n as_o we_o late_o see_v that_o they_o in_o some_o place_n meet_v with_o vein_n of_o hot_a mineral_n which_o make_v it_o hot_a than_o the_o bare_a vicinity_n of_o those_o place_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v have_v do_v and_o last_o
multiplicaret_fw-la as_o our_o author_n be_v descend_v into_o the_o golden_a mine_n at_o cremnitz_n he_o find_v in_o one_o place_n the_o heat_n to_o increase_v as_o he_o descend_v more_o and_o more_o which_o seem_v not_o to_o agree_v with_o a_o passage_n we_o late_o mention_v out_o of_o he_o and_o to_o exceed_v any_o he_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o any_o other_o mine_n and_o afterward_o the_o overseer_n bring_v he_o into_o a_o room_n that_o abound_v with_o smaragdine_n vitriol_n the_o mineral_n whence_o this_o heat_n proceed_v though_o the_o room_n be_v spacious_a he_o find_v there_o beside_o a_o sharp_a spirit_n very_o offensive_a to_o his_o throat_n so_o troublesome_a a_o heat_n that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o faint_v away_o with_o sweat_v and_o very_o much_o wonder_v how_o the_o digger_n be_v able_a to_o work_v there_o and_o elsewhere_o the_o author_n himself_o note_n that_o such_o hot_a mine_n of_o vitriol_n or_o sulphur_n may_v be_v find_v even_o in_o the_o first_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o he_o call_v that_o which_o be_v somewhat_o near_o the_o surface_n and_o which_o he_o think_v 〈◊〉_d to_o name_v the_o cold_a region_n and_o within_o a_o large_a sphere_n of_o activity_n make_v it_o perpetual_o hot_a but_o this_o as_o i_o be_v intimate_v i_o mention_v but_o as_o a_o suspicion_n or_o a_o conjecture_n and_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n may_v be_v much_o increase_v in_o these_o mine_n by_o the_o concurrence_n of_o accidental_a cause_n in_o case_n the_o conjecture_n be_v admit_v yet_o since_o the_o frequency_n of_o a_o sensible_a degree_n of_o heat_n in_o very_o deep_a place_n do_v very_o little_a favour_n their_o opinion_n that_o will_v allow_v the_o earth_n to_o have_v no_o other_o heat_n but_o what_o it_o receive_v from_o the_o sun_n beam_n or_o by_o the_o manifest_a fire_n of_o burn_a hill_n as_o aetna_n and_o vesuvius_n and_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v object_v that_o this_o subterraneal_a heat_n be_v adventitious_a to_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v supreme_o cold_a of_o its_o own_o nature_n gassendus_fw-la might_n reply_n that_o it_o be_v as_o likely_a that_o the_o coldness_n of_o it_o near_o the_o superficies_n may_v be_v adventitious_a too_o and_o that_o it_o appear_v at_o least_o as_o manifest_o that_o the_o one_o proceed_v from_o the_o contiguous_a air_n as_o it_o do_v that_o the_o other_o proceed_v from_o some_o include_v fire_n and_o if_o i_o misremember_v not_o he_o have_v this_o consideration_n that_o it_o be_v somewhat_o strange_a that_o nature_n shall_v have_v intend_v the_o earth_n for_o its_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la and_o yet_o that_o a_o great_a part_n and_o for_o aught_o we_o know_v the_o great_a shall_v be_v constant_o keep_v warm_a either_o by_o the_o sun_n as_o under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o by_o the_o subterraneal_a fire_n but_o the_o objection_n mention_v against_o gassendus_fw-la oppose_v but_o one_o of_o the_o argument_n we_o have_v allege_v against_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la and_o will_v leave_v the_o other_o in_o their_o force_n though_o it_o do_v more_o convince_o answer_v that_o against_o which_o it_o be_v frame_v than_o it_o seem_v to_o do_v 10._o and_o if_o the_o patron_n of_o the_o earth_n coldness_n to_o evade_v the_o argument_n i_o have_v allege_v shall_v pretend_v that_o when_o they_o affirm_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la they_o mean_v not_o the_o elementary_a earth_n but_o some_o body_n that_o be_v mingle_v with_o it_o i_o shall_v desire_v to_o know_v which_o it_o be_v they_o mean_v of_o the_o many_o other_o body_n that_o make_v up_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n that_o we_o may_v examine_v what_o right_a it_o have_v to_o that_o title_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o shall_v conclude_v against_o they_o that_o the_o earth_n itself_o have_v none_o since_o they_o grant_v a_o cold_a body_n than_o it_o and_o such_o a_o one_o as_o the_o earth_n must_v be_v behold_v to_o for_o the_o great_a degree_n of_o coldness_n it_o chance_v to_o possess_v 11._o but_o though_o i_o presume_v enough_o have_v be_v say_v to_o make_v it_o appear_v unlikely_a that_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la yet_o i_o must_v in_o this_o dissent_n from_o the_o learned_a gassendus_fw-la that_o he_o think_v the_o earth_n not_o only_o not_o to_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o not_o to_o be_v natural_o cold_a any_o more_o than_o hot_a for_o the_o insensible_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n like_o those_o of_o other_o firm_a body_n be_v heavy_a and_o perhaps_o gross_a and_o either_o have_v no_o constant_a motion_n at_o all_o or_o at_o least_o a_o far_o more_o remiss_a agitation_n then_o that_o of_o our_o sensory_n it_o seem_v to_o follow_v that_o the_o earth_n must_v seem_v cold_a to_o we_o unless_o it_o be_v by_o the_o communicate_v heat_n or_o motion_n of_o some_o extrinsic_a agent_n put_v into_o a_o degree_n of_o agitation_n that_o belong_v not_o to_o its_o nature_n and_o for_o the_o like_a reason_n i_o think_v it_o not_o improbable_a that_o pure_a earth_n shall_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n be_v cold_a than_o either_o pure_a water_n or_o pure_a air_n since_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o consistent_a body_n its_o component_a particle_n be_v at_o rest_n among_o themselves_o or_o at_o least_o move_v with_o a_o almost_o infinite_a slowness_n whereas_o water_n and_o air_n be_v fluid_n their_o component_a particle_n must_v be_v in_o a_o restless_a and_o various_a motion_n and_o consequent_o be_v less_o remote_a from_o heat_n which_o be_v a_o state_n wherein_o the_o various_a agitation_n of_o the_o minute_n particle_n be_v more_o vehement_a 12._o and_o if_o those_o that_o plead_v for_o the_o earth_n have_v declare_v that_o they_o mean_v not_o the_o pure_a or_o elementary_a earth_n but_o that_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n that_o be_v distinct_a from_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o water_n that_o make_v it_o up_o and_o will_v have_v earth_n in_o that_o sense_n not_o to_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o only_o the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la perhaps_o they_o may_v have_v a_o better_a plea_n for_o their_o opinion_n than_o they_o can_v urge_v for_o they_o who_o contend_v for_o the_o water_n or_o the_o air_n especial_o if_o to_o countenance_v their_o opinion_n this_o memorable_a observation_n be_v add_v which_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o 474._o among_o those_o navigator_n that_o have_v have_v the_o great_a experience_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n for_o the_o dutch_a that_o sail_v thrice_o to_o nova_n 〈◊〉_d and_o once_o winter_v there_o affirm_v in_o their_o first_o voyage_n that_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o cold_a be_v not_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o main_a sea_n where_o yet_o man_n be_v most_o expose_v to_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o air_n and_o of_o the_o water_n but_o either_o upon_o the_o land_n or_o near_o it_o that_o accurate_a geometrician_n and_o hydrographer_n fournier_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o 1595._o the_o hollander_n be_v intercept_v by_o icy_a school_n in_o the_o strait_a of_o weigat_n and_o meet_v with_o certain_a muscovite_n demand_v of_o they_o whether_o those_o sea_n be_v always_o freeze_v and_o be_v answer_v that_o neither_o the_o northern_a sea_n nor_o that_o of_o tartary_n do_v ever_o freeze_v and_o that_o it_o be_v only_o that_o strait_a with_o the_o sea_n contiguous_a to_o the_o shore_n of_o some_o bay_n and_o gulf_n that_o be_v freeze_v and_o our_o judicious_a author_n not_o only_o add_v that_o in_o effect_n all_o those_o that_o sail_n into_o those_o part_n relate_v that_o all_o those_o lump_n of_o ice_n be_v such_o as_o have_v be_v loosen_v and_o sever_v from_o the_o island_n and_o the_o river_n of_o the_o samojed_n and_o tartar_n but_o adventure_n to_o affirm_v in_o general_a term_n that_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o main_a sea_n never_o freeze_v and_o that_o it_o be_v but_o the_o confine_n and_o shore_n of_o some_o of_o they_o that_o be_v freeze_v 13._o that_o the_o water_n be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n have_v make_v it_o to_o be_v that_o of_o the_o school_n and_o of_o the_o generality_n of_o philosopher_n but_o i_o can_v as_o little_o acquiesce_v in_o this_o opinion_n as_o in_o the_o former_a not_o find_v it_o agreeable_a to_o what_o experience_n teach_v we_o 14._o for_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o difficult_a to_o prove_v that_o divers_a very_o cold_a body_n as_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o crystal_n and_o several_a other_o fusible_a stone_n have_v in_o they_o any_o water_n at_o all_o to_o which_o their_o coldness_n may_v with_o any_o degree_n of_o probability_n be_v ascribe_v nor_o to_o urge_v the_o argument_n that_o some_o modern_a contender_n for_o the_o supreme_a coldness_n of_o the_o air_n be_v wont_a to_o employ_v not_o i_o say_v to_o insist_v on_o such_o thing_n
of_o the_o air_n by_o the_o cold_a the_o air_n must_v according_a to_o they_o be_v environ_v with_o other_o cold_a body_n and_o the_o heat_n must_v retire_v itself_o as_o far_o as_o it_o can_v from_o they_o and_o according_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o winter_n the_o deep_a cellar_n be_v warm_a but_o in_o the_o case_n before_o we_o the_o subterraneal_a air_n though_o above_o it_o have_v the_o cold_a that_o reign_v in_o winter_n yet_o beneath_o the_o subterraneal_a heat_n make_v the_o earth_n very_o warm_a this_o i_o shall_v not_o wonder_v if_o you_o look_v upon_o as_o new_a and_o paradoxical_a and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v apply_v myself_o to_o the_o proof_n of_o it_o and_o to_o convince_v you_o i_o shall_v not_o employ_v the_o observation_n of_o chemist_n and_o mineralist_n for_o fear_v you_o shall_v suspect_v they_o of_o ignorance_n or_o design_n but_o i_o will_v use_v only_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o learned_a physician_n who_o i_o think_v be_v also_o a_o professor_n of_o mathematics_n who_o in_o but_o too_o many_o point_n be_v a_o stout_a peripatetic_a and_o who_o above_o all_o this_o profess_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o eye-witness_n of_o what_o he_o relate_v this_o author_n than_o inform_v we_o that_o about_o the_o year_n 1615._o he_o have_v a_o curiosity_n to_o visit_v the_o mine_n of_o hungary_n and_o particular_o to_o go_v down_o into_o the_o deep_a goden_a mine_n at_o cremnitz_n and_o that_o after_o he_o have_v descend_v fourscore_o or_o a_o hundred_o fathom_n he_o find_v it_o excessive_o hot_a though_o he_o have_v but_o a_o slight_a linen_n garment_n on_o and_o though_o he_o be_v a_o maintainer_n of_o antiperistasis_n yet_o he_o affirm_v that_o not_o only_o the_o overseer_n and_o workman_n of_o that_o mine_n but_o also_o those_o of_o divers_a other_o mine_n unanimous_o assure_v he_o that_o that_o low_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v all_o the_o year_n long_o very_o hot_a and_o as_o well_o in_o winter_n as_o he_o find_v it_o in_o summer_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v in_o winter_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o subterraneal_a part_n less_o remote_a from_o the_o superficies_n can_v be_v intend_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o more_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n those_o part_n be_v themselves_o not_o always_o cold_a but_o always_o hot_a 37._o eleutherius_fw-la 130._o but_o you_o may_v carneades_n remember_v that_o this_o very_a author_n tell_v you_o that_o he_o find_v the_o supreme_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o he_o call_v it_o which_o be_v that_o next_o the_o air_n exceed_o cold_a both_o as_o he_o go_v down_o into_o the_o mine_n and_o as_o he_o come_v up_o again_o and_o that_o he_o ascribe_v that_o coldness_n to_o antiperistasis_n 38._o carneades_n right_o but_o you_o 130._o may_v remember_v too_o that_o he_o relate_v that_o it_o be_v in_o july_n and_o in_o very_o hot_a weather_n that_o he_o go_v down_o into_o the_o mine_n and_o that_o to_o avoid_v foul_n his_o clothes_n he_o put_v they_o off_o and_o exchange_v they_o for_o a_o light_n loose_a linen_n garment_n such_o as_o the_o digger_n wear_v and_o this_o himself_n mention_n as_o that_o which_o much_o increase_v the_o coldness_n he_o feel_v so_o that_o if_o beside_o this_o we_o consider_v that_o he_o descend_v into_o a_o cool_a place_n with_o a_o body_n already_o affect_v with_o the_o great_a heat_n which_o he_o elsewhere_o take_v notice_n that_o that_o season_n have_v give_v the_o outward_a air_n and_o perhaps_o much_o heat_v by_o ride_v or_o walk_v to_o the_o mine_n we_o shall_v not_o wonder_v that_o he_o find_v the_o change_n very_o sensible_a as_o he_o go_v down_o and_o we_o shall_v less_o wonder_v that_o he_o find_v the_o upper_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o he_o call_v it_o more_o cold_a when_o he_o come_v up_o again_o since_o beside_o the_o toil_n of_o go_v to_o and_o fro_o and_o ascend_v through_o narrow_a low_a and_o difficult_a passage_n he_o come_v out_o of_o a_o place_n excessive_o hot_a insomuch_o that_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o overseer_n of_o the_o mine_n will_v not_o go_v back_o with_o he_o the_o same_o way_n he_o come_v but_o take_v a_o far_o short_a though_o 143._o it_o be_v a_o more_o dangerous_a way_n cause_v himself_o to_o be_v draw_v up_o in_o a_o perpendicular_a groove_n and_o render_v this_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v very_o unhealthy_a when_o one_o come_v out_o of_o a_o place_n where_o the_o digger_n work_v naked_a and_o where_o one_o be_v even_o melt_v into_o sweat_n to_o make_v any_o long_a stay_n in_o the_o superior_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o beside_o that_o this_o author_n although_o he_o maintain_v antiperistasis_n yet_o he_o allow_v this_o upper_a region_n to_o be_v hot_a in_o winter_n as_o well_o as_o cold_a in_o summer_n and_o consequent_o that_o in_o winter_n it_o have_v not_o a_o cold_a region_n beneath_o as_o well_o as_o above_o it_o which_o be_v enough_o to_o vindicate_v the_o thing_n for_o which_o i_o first_o allege_v his_o testimony_n beside_o this_o i_o say_v to_o i_o who_o though_o i_o willing_o thank_v he_o for_o his_o narrative_n be_o much_o more_o sway_v by_o what_o he_o relate_v then_o by_o what_o he_o think_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n seem_v very_o favourable_a to_o my_o opinion_n for_o you_o see_v that_o i_o can_v just_o refer_v the_o cold_a he_o feel_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o deception_n of_o his_o sense_n but_o the_o heat_n he_o feel_v within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o same_o cause_n since_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o at_o the_o top_n of_o that_o great_a and_o perpendicular_a groove_n by_o which_o the_o mine-master_n be_v draw_v up_o there_o ascend_v a_o plentiful_a smoke_n that_o be_v even_o above_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o feel_v actual_o hot_a and_o beside_o his_o 125._o own_o confession_n that_o the_o deep_a part_n of_o the_o mine_n be_v more_o than_o seem_o hot_a i_o can_v draw_v further_a proof_n from_o these_o two_o circumstance_n that_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o meet_v with_o in_o his_o narrative_n the_o one_o that_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v then_o excessive_o hot_a another_o that_o the_o smoke_n which_o notwithstanding_o 125._o this_o heat_n appear_v hot_a have_v in_o its_o ascent_n pass_v through_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o foot_n of_o a_o cold_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n whereby_o it_o may_v well_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v much_o infrigidate_v to_o these_o relation_n of_o the_o learned_a morinus_n i_o will_v add_v that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o upsal_n affirm_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1528._o be_v in_o poland_n he_o go_v to_o visit_v those_o deep_a mountain_n as_o he_o term_v 382._o they_o whence_o they_o dig_v solid_a salt_n and_o have_v descend_v fifty_o ladder_n find_v in_o the_o deep_a place_n that_o the_o workman_n be_v naked_a because_o of_o the_o heat_n so_o that_o suppose_v the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n not_o to_o be_v considerable_a in_o this_o case_n it_o seem_v by_o this_o relation_n that_o provide_v a_o man_n descend_v low_a enough_o into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n he_o will_v find_v it_o very_o hot_a even_o in_o place_n that_o want_v those_o metal_n or_o marchisite_n or_o other_o like_a mineral_n substance_n by_o the_o action_n of_o saline_a liquor_n or_o exhalation_n upon_o which_o you_o eleutherius_fw-la have_v i_o remember_v sometime_o suspect_v that_o the_o heat_n observe_v in_o mine_n may_v be_v produce_v 39_o i_o have_v hitherto_o show_v that_o the_o heat_n of_o cellar_n and_o vault_n in_o winter_n have_v be_v very_o improper_o and_o now_o i_o come_v to_o show_v that_o it_o have_v be_v as_o unnecessary_o ascribe_v to_o antiperistasis_n for_o as_o the_o air_n of_o those_o place_n be_v protect_v from_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o adventitious_a coldness_n that_o reign_v in_o the_o outward_a air_n so_o the_o subterraneal_a air_n have_v a_o positive_a cause_n of_o heat_n in_o winter_n that_o it_o have_v not_o in_o summer_n for_o as_o i_o former_o take_v notice_n in_o summer_n the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v dilate_a and_o open_v by_o heat_n the_o warm_a exhalation_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v mingle_v with_o moist_a vapour_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v call_v out_o and_o exhale_v away_o for_o as_o in_o the_o winter_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v harden_v by_o frost_n or_o the_o pore_n of_o it_o choke_v up_o or_o at_o least_o much_o obstruct_a the_o hot_a steam_n that_o as_o i_o late_o prove_v by_o our_o french_a author_n testimony_n to_o which_o i_o can_v add_v that_o of_o eminent_a chemist_n and_o mineralist_n do_v continual_o and_o copious_o enough_o ascend_v from_o the_o warm_a region_n or_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o great_a part_n detain_v and_o imprison_v in_o
ready_o diffuse_v in_o imperceptible_a particle_n through_o the_o air_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v upon_o the_o open_n of_o issue_n in_o some_o man_n arm_n that_o though_o no_o smoke_n be_v visible_a in_o summer_n it_o will_v be_v very_o conspicuous_a in_o exceed_v sharp_a weather_n though_o man_n arm_n at_o least_o the_o external_a part_n of_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v less_o heat_n in_o frosty_a weather_n then_o in_o summer_n since_o in_o the_o former_a of_o those_o season_n they_o be_v wont_n to_o be_v manifest_o more_o slender_a the_o fleshy_a part_n and_o juice_n be_v condense_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air._n and_o though_o the_o insensible_a transpiration_n that_o continual_o exhale_v from_o all_o the_o part_n of_o our_o body_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o be_v visible_a here_o even_o in_o winter_n yet_o in_o extreme_o cold_a country_n as_o nova_n zembla_n or_o charleton_n island_n those_o effluvia_fw-la have_v be_v observe_v not_o only_o to_o be_v thicken_v but_o to_o be_v turn_v into_o ice_n itself_o sometime_o within_o the_o seaman_n shoe_n and_o here_o in_o england_n have_v not_o long_o since_o employ_v a_o labour_a man_n to_o dig_v a_o deep_a hole_n in_o very_o frosty_a weather_n two_o servant_n of_o i_o that_o stand_v by_o to_o see_v he_o work_v do_v both_o of_o they_o assure_v i_o when_o they_o return_v that_o the_o steam_n of_o his_o heat_a body_n be_v freeze_v upon_o the_o outside_n of_o his_o waistcoat_n which_o one_o of_o they_o while_o the_o other_o be_v about_o to_o give_v i_o notice_n of_o it_o inconsiderate_o wipe_v off_o 43._o and_o since_o we_o see_v how_o fast_o the_o water_n in_o pond_n and_o ditch_n waste_n and_o decrease_v in_o summer_n there_o be_v no_o cause_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o it_o do_v then_o continual_o emit_v exhalation_n as_o well_o if_o not_o much_o more_o 〈◊〉_d then_o in_o winter_n which_o may_v be_v manifest_o confirm_v by_o this_o that_o in_o the_o summer_n one_o shall_v often_o see_v in_o the_o morning_n or_o evening_n the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n cover_v with_o a_o mist_n or_o smoke_n that_o rise_v out_o of_o it_o and_o i_o have_v sometime_o take_v pleasure_n to_o see_v this_o aggregate_v of_o exhalation_n hover_v over_o the_o water_n and_o make_v as_o it_o be_v another_o river_n of_o a_o light_a liquor_n that_o conform_v itself_o for_o a_o considerable_a way_n to_o the_o breadth_n and_o wind_n of_o the_o stream_n whence_o it_o proceed_v and_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v easy_o grant_v that_o the_o water_n in_o summer_n time_n be_v at_o least_o as_o warm_v at_o noon_n when_o such_o exhalation_n be_v not_o visible_a as_o in_o the_o morning_n when_o they_o be_v though_o the_o air_n be_v cold_a at_o this_o part_n of_o the_o day_n then_o at_o that_o which_o observation_n give_v we_o the_o true_a reason_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n 44._o and_o though_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o it_o be_v make_v to_o appear_v that_o in_o some_o case_n the_o smoke_a water_n of_o spring_n may_v be_v real_o warm_a in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n yet_o a_o sufficient_a reason_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n may_v be_v fetch_v from_o what_o i_o have_v already_o deliver_v about_o the_o detention_n of_o the_o warm_a subterraneal_a vapour_n by_o the_o frost_n and_o snow_n and_o rain_n that_o make_v the_o earth_n less_o perspirable_a in_o winter_n 45._o and_o because_o i_o know_v themistius_n will_v look_v upon_o a_o thing_n so_o disagreeable_a to_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n of_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o whole_a element_n of_o earth_n as_o a_o paradox_n i_o will_v take_v this_o opportunity_n to_o add_v a_o further_a confirmation_n to_o what_o i_o have_v be_v say_v 46._o and_o first_o that_o there_o arise_v copious_a and_o warm_a steam_n from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v prove_v not_o only_o by_o what_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v touch_v the_o hangarian_a mine_n but_o by_o the_o common_a complaint_n of_o digger_n in_o most_o though_o not_o in_o all_o deep_a mine_n that_o they_o be_v oftentimes_o trouble_v and_o sometime_o endanger_v by_o sudden_a damp_n which_o do_v frequent_o so_o stuff_v up_o and_o thicken_v the_o subterraneal_a air_n that_o they_o make_v it_o not_o only_o unfit_a for_o respiration_n but_o able_a to_o extinguish_v the_o lamp_n and_o candle_n that_o the_o miner_n use_v to_o give_v they_o light_n to_o work_v by_o and_o i_o remember_v that_o i_o have_v visit_v mine_n where_o have_v inquire_v of_o the_o digger_n whether_o those_o hot_a exhalation_n that_o compose_v their_o damp_n do_v not_o sometime_o actual_o take_v fire_n within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o be_v answer_v that_o in_o some_o of_o their_o pit_n and_o particular_o in_o one_o that_o they_o show_v i_o though_o not_o in_o all_o they_o do_v insomuch_o that_o the_o exhalation_n sudden_o kindle_v will_v make_v a_o report_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pit_n like_o a_o musket_n or_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o ordinance_n and_o the_o flame_n will_v actual_o burn_v off_o the_o hair_n and_o scorch_v the_o skin_n of_o 〈◊〉_d workman_n that_o do_v not_o seasonable_o get_v out_o of_o the_o pit_n when_o the_o exhalation_n appear_v to_o be_v near_o a_o ascension_n or_o do_v not_o nimble_o fall_v down_o flat_a with_o their_o face_n to_o the_o ground_n till_o the_o flame_n be_v go_v out_o and_o one_o of_o these_o workman_n that_o i_o ask_v affirm_v himself_o to_o have_v be_v several_a time_n to_o he_o no_o small_a trouble_n so_o burn_v and_o that_o if_o i_o much_o misremember_v not_o twice_o in_o one_o day_n and_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o as_o well_o as_o to_o morinus_n very_o probable_a that_o those_o great_a quantity_n of_o rain_n and_o snow_n and_o storm_n and_o perhaps_o some_o other_o meteor_n that_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o winter_n may_v rather_o consist_v of_o these_o subterraneal_a steam_n than_o the_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n attract_v by_o the_o sun_n or_o at_o least_o may_v as_o much_o consist_v of_o the_o former_a as_o the_o latter_a for_o his_o heat_n be_v then_o very_a languid_a and_o act_n upon_o the_o ground_n but_o during_o the_o day_n time_n which_o be_v very_o short_a whereas_o those_o meteor_n be_v generate_v indifferent_o at_o all_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n and_o night_n and_o the_o sky_n be_v oftentimes_o for_o many_o day_n together_o quite_o overcast_v with_o cloud_n and_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n so_o constipate_v with_o frost_n that_o it_o will_v sometime_o freeze_v even_o in_o the_o sunshine_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o near_o so_o likely_a that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o all_o these_o disadvantage_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o elevate_v so_o great_a a_o plenty_n of_o exhalation_n and_o vapour_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o compose_v the_o rain_n and_o snow_n and_o storm_n that_o sometime_o last_v almost_o all_o the_o winter_n as_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v supply_v by_o subterraneal_a steam_n copious_o send_v up_o from_o the_o heat_n that_o continual_o reign_v in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o traverse_v the_o sea_n and_o at_o other_o vent_v get_v up_o into_o the_o air._n 47._o to_o make_v out_o this_o my_o former_o quote_v french_a author_n relate_v a_o 136._o very_a memorable_a thing_n that_o be_v tell_v he_o by_o the_o master_n of_o those_o mine_n in_o hungary_n which_o be_v at_o least_o as_o deep_a as_o any_o that_o i_o remember_v i_o have_v see_v or_o read_v of_o namely_o that_o the_o miner_n be_v able_a certain_o to_o foretell_v soon_o than_o any_o other_o mortal_n the_o tempest_n and_o sudden_a mutation_n that_o be_v to_o happen_v in_o the_o air._n for_o when_o they_o perceive_v by_o the_o burn_a blue_a of_o their_o light_n and_o by_o other_o manifest_a sign_n that_o they_o can_v easy_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o their_o grooves_n that_o store_n of_o the_o tempestuous_a damp_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o be_v ascend_v from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n though_o the_o sky_n above_o be_v clear_a and_o the_o air_n calm_a yet_o they_o conld_v assure_o foretell_v the_o approach_n of_o a_o storm_n or_o some_o other_o great_a alteration_n in_o the_o air_n which_o will_v according_o ensue_v within_o no_o very_o long_a time_n aster_n and_o to_o confirm_v this_o narrative_a i_o shall_v add_v not_o only_o that_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o what_o i_o late_o tell_v you_o be_v affirm_v to_o i_o by_o other_o mine-man_n but_o that_o have_v inquire_v of_o a_o very_a ingenious_a physician_n who_o live_v many_o year_n in_o cornwall_n a_o country_n you_o know_v famous_a for_o tin-mine_n some_o of_o which_o be_v infamous_a for_o the_o damp_n that_o infest_v they_o he_o tell_v i_o that_o divers_a of_o the_o experience_a fisherman_n assure_v he_o that_o oftentimes_o they_o do_v perceive_v
i_o have_v yet_o meet_v with_o in_o any_o sober_a author_n be_v that_o which_o be_v mention_v by_o the_o learned_a french_a hydrographer_n fournier_n who_o relate_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1635._o the_o french_a fleet_n sail_v to_o canada_n meet_v with_o several_a piece_n of_o ice_n as_o high_a as_o steeple_n and_o particular_o one_o whether_o piece_n or_o bank_n of_o ice_n for_o the_o french_a word_n glace_n may_v signify_v either_o which_o they_o be_v trouble_v to_o coast_n along_o for_o above_o forty_o league_n if_o this_o be_v the_o same_o story_n as_o one_o may_v suspect_v it_o to_o be_v by_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o place_n and_o fleet_n there_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n in_o another_o place_n where_o our_o author_n speak_v of_o the_o vastness_n of_o the_o ice_n but_o if_o it_o be_v another_o story_n as_o some_o differ_a circumstance_n argue_v the_o french_a it_o seem_v meet_v with_o ice_n far_o more_o stupendous_a then_o even_o that_o already_o mention_v for_o say_v our_o author_n in_o the_o sea_n which_o wash_v canada_n book_n there_o be_v often_o see_v even_o in_o the_o month_n of_o august_n to_o pass_v by_o ice_v much_o big_a than_o ship_n in_o the_o year_n 1635._o the_o french_a fleet_n sail_v there_o coast_v along_o for_o three_o day_n and_o three_o night_n one_o that_o be_v above_o 80._o league_n long_o flat_a in_o some_o place_n like_o vast_a champion_n and_o high_a in_o other_o like_o frightful_a hill_n the_o latter_a part_n of_o which_o passage_n may_v confirm_v what_o we_o former_o deliver_v in_o another_o section_n concern_v the_o unequal_a compagination_n of_o 〈◊〉_d island_n to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v touch_v the_o extent_n and_o other_o dimension_n of_o float_v or_o at_o least_o loose_a piece_n of_o ice_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o add_v something_o of_o the_o extent_n of_o ice_n coherent_a to_o one_o or_o both_o of_o those_o shore_n that_o bind_v the_o water_n who_o upper_a part_n be_v congeal_v and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o shall_v out_o of_o many_o instance_n to_o our_o present_a purpose_n that_o may_v be_v borrow_v from_o the_o write_n of_o olaus_n magnus_n select_v this_o one_o memorable_a one_o that_o shall_v serve_v for_o all_o neque_fw-la minori_fw-la bellandi_fw-la impetu_fw-la say_v he_o sueci_fw-la ac_fw-la 334_o gothi_n super_fw-la aperta_fw-la glacie_n quam_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la solidissima_fw-la terra_fw-la confligunt_fw-la imo_fw-la ut_fw-la prius_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la ubi_fw-la antea_fw-la aestivo_fw-la tempore_fw-la acerrima_fw-la commissa_fw-la sunt_fw-la bella_fw-la navalia_n eisdem_fw-la in_o locis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d concreta_fw-la aciebus_fw-la militari_fw-la modo_fw-la instructis_fw-la bombardis_n ordinatis_fw-la habentur_fw-la horrendi_fw-la conflictus_fw-la adeo_fw-la solida_fw-la glacies_fw-la est_fw-la in_o equestribus_fw-la turmis_fw-la sufferendis_fw-la amplitèr_fw-la vel_fw-la strictè_fw-la collocatis_fw-la i_o pretermit_v then_o what_o he_o elsewhere_o relate_v of_o the_o voyage_n and_o war_n make_v in_o winter_n by_o the_o northern_a nation_n they_o that_o have_v live_v in_o those_o country_n relate_v as_o thing_n most_o know_v and_o samiliar_a what_o have_v be_v confirm_v to_o i_o by_o more_o than_o one_o unsuspected_a eye_n witness_n the_o long_a journey_n that_o be_v common_o take_v upon_o the_o icy_a bridge_n or_o rather_o plain_n by_o traveller_n with_o all_o their_o carriage_n to_o very_o distant_a place_n and_o that_o which_o may_v bring_v credit_n to_o these_o strange_a relation_n by_o show_v that_o no_o less_o unlikely_a one_o be_v sometime_o true_a be_v what_o all_o europe_n know_v that_o within_o these_o three_o year_n the_o whole_a swedish_n army_n lead_v on_o by_o their_o king_n march_v over_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o island_n of_o zeeland_n where_o copenhagen_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o denmark_n stand_v 43._o but_o it_o may_v seem_v much_o more_o strange_a which_o i_o will_v therefore_o add_v that_o as_o in_o the_o north_n country_n frequent_o so_o sometime_o even_o in_o the_o warm_a region_n of_o the_o east_n the_o sea_n itself_o have_v by_o the_o cold_a be_v congeal_v to_o a_o prodigious_a breadth_n insolitum_fw-la est_fw-la say_v bartholinus_n quod_fw-la refert_fw-la constantinus_n 6._o manasses_n in_o annalibus_fw-la accidisse_fw-la theophilo_n imperante_fw-la ut_fw-la hyems_fw-la saeva_fw-la mare_fw-la cogeret_fw-la in_o glaciem_fw-la ad_fw-la profunditatem_fw-la sanè_fw-la immensam_fw-la humidúinque_fw-la illud_fw-la elementum_fw-la lapidis_fw-la ad_fw-la duritiem_fw-la fluxione_fw-la prorsus_fw-la ademptâ_fw-la redigeret_fw-la and_o michael_n glycas_n relate_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 775._o 19_o the_o winter_n be_v so_o sharp_a in_o the_o east_n that_o along_o the_o coast_n the_o sea_n he_o mean_v the_o mediterranean_a be_v freeze_v for_o 50._o league_n and_o the_o ice_n be_v compact_v as_o into_o a_o rock_n 30._o cubit_n deep_a so_o strange_a a_o quantity_n of_o snow_n likewise_o fall_v that_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o the_o height_n of_o 30._o cubit_n above_o the_o ice_n which_o likewise_o agree_v very_o well_o with_o what_o we_o former_o note_v touch_v the_o possible_a increase_n of_o the_o height_n of_o some_o piece_n of_o ice_n by_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o snow_n upon_o they_o iv._o it_o remain_v now_o that_o we_o subjoin_v a_o few_o promiscuous_a observation_n concern_v ice_n that_o be_v not_o so_o ready_o reducible_a to_o the_o three_o forego_v head_n and_o we_o shall_v begin_v with_o what_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o the_o dutch_a in_o their_o nova_n zembla_n voyage_n where_o relate_v how_o they_o fasten_v their_o ship_n to_o a_o great_a piece_n of_o ice_n to_o shelter_v themselves_o from_o the_o stormy_a wind_n there_o add_v they_o we_o go_v upon_o the_o ice_n and_o wonder_v much_o thereat_o it_o be_v such_o manner_n of_o ice_n for_o on_o the_o top_n it_o be_v full_a of_o earth_n and_o there_o be_v find_v about_o 〈◊〉_d egg_n and_o it_o be_v not_o like_o other_o ice_n for_o it_o be_v of_o a_o perfect_a azure_a colour_n like_v to_o the_o sky_n whereby_o there_o grow_v great_a contention_n of_o word_n among_o our_o man_n some_o say_n that_o it_o be_v ice_n other_o that_o it_o be_v freeze_v land_n for_o it_o lay_v unreasonable_a high_a above_o the_o water_n it_o be_v at_o least_o eighteen_o fathom_n under_o the_o water_n close_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o ten_o fathom_n above_o the_o water_n 6._o the_o like_a blue_a colour_n in_o rocky_a piece_n of_o ice_n i_o remember_v i_o have_v somewhere_o find_v to_o have_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o a_o modern_a navigator_n or_o whether_o the_o word_n of_o virgil_n concern_v the_o frigid_a zone_n caerulea_fw-la glacie_n concretae_fw-la atque_fw-la imbribus_fw-la atris_fw-la belong_v to_o this_o subject_n i_o leave_v other_o to_o consider_v nor_o shall_v i_o stay_v to_o examine_v whether_o this_o blewness_n that_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o ice_n be_v always_o a_o inherent_a or_o permanent_a colour_n or_o else_o sometime_o one_o of_o those_o that_o be_v style_v emphatical_a it_o be_v very_o considerable_a if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o be_v relate_v by_o olaus_n magnus_n concern_v the_o degenerate_v if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v of_o ice_n from_o its_o wont_a hardness_n in_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o year_n for_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n where_o he_o give_v we_o the_o late_o transcribe_v account_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o ice_n in_o those_o northern_a country_n after_o have_v interpose_v some_o other_o passage_n he_o subjoin_v these_o word_n liquescente_fw-la 14._o tamen_fw-la glacie_n ad_fw-la principium_fw-la aprilis_fw-la nullus_fw-la ejus_fw-la spissitudini_fw-la minus_fw-la fortitudini_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o aurora_fw-la ambulando_fw-la confidit_fw-la quia_fw-la solis_fw-la diurno_fw-la aspectu_fw-la tam_fw-la fragilis_fw-la redditur_fw-la ut_fw-la quae-equestres_a armatos_fw-la paulo_fw-la ante_fw-la portaverat_fw-la vix_fw-la hominem_fw-la nunc_fw-la sufferre_fw-la possit_fw-la inerman_n this_o put_v i_o in_o mind_n to_o add_v that_o oftentimes_o in_o the_o writer_n of_o journey_n and_o voyage_n we_o meet_v with_o mention_n of_o great_a noise_n make_v by_o the_o break_n of_o ice_n and_o in_o this_o very_a chapter_n our_o archbishop_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o cleft_n that_o sometime_o happen_v in_o champion_n of_o ice_n add_v that_o when_o the_o ice_n chance_v thus_o to_o open_v especial_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o night_n the_o noise_n of_o it_o maybe_o hear_v a_o far_o off_o like_o the_o loud_a and_o horrid_a noise_n of_o thunder_n and_o of_o earthquake_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n may_v be_v subjoin_v a_o couple_n of_o passage_n extant_a in_o different_a place_n of_o the_o former_o mention_v hall_n voyage_n the_o first_o be_v thus_o deliver_v when_o we_o meet_v with_o a_o huge_a and_o high_a island_n of_o ice_n we_o steer_v hard_a to_o board_v the_o same_o and_o be_v shota_fw-la little_a too_o northwards_o of_o it_o there_o fall_v from_o the_o top_n thereof_o some_o quantity_n of_o ice_n which_o in_o the_o fall_n do_v make_v such_o a_o noise_n as_o though_o it_o have_v be_v the_o report_n
we_o must_v not_o here_o treat_v indefinite_o the_o strange_a effect_n of_o cold_a upon_o other_o body_n be_v most_o of_o they_o produce_v by_o the_o intervention_n of_o the_o cold_a first_o diffuse_v in_o the_o air_n and_o those_o be_v treat_v of_o in_o a_o distinct_a section_n wherefore_o we_o shall_v now_o give_v two_o or_o three_o instance_n of_o the_o sudden_a operation_n of_o the_o cold_a harbour_v in_o the_o air._n the_o former_o mention_v english_a ambassador_n into_o russia_n dr._n fletcher_n give_v we_o two_o instance_n very_o memorable_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n when_o 415._o you_o pass_v say_v he_o out_o of_o a_o warm_a room_n into_o a_o cold_a you_o will_v sensible_o feel_v your_o breath_n to_o wax_v stark_o and_o even_o stifle_v with_o the_o cold_a as_o you_o draw_v it_o in_o and_o out_o so_o powerful_o and_o nimble_o do_v the_o intense_o refrigerated_a air_n work_v upon_o the_o organ_n of_o respiration_n and_n whereas_o a_o very_a credible_a person_n now_o chief_a physician_n to_o the_o russian_a emperor_n be_v ask_v by_o i_o concern_v the_o truth_n of_o what_o be_v report_v sometime_o to_o happen_v at_o musco_n and_o be_v repute_v the_o eminent_a proof_n that_o be_v ready_o observable_a of_o the_o extreme_a coldness_n of_o the_o air_n assure_v i_o that_o he_o himself_o see_v the_o water_n throw_v up_o into_o the_o air_n fall_v down_o actual_o congeal_v into_o ice_n dr._n fletcher_n confirm_v this_o report_n for_o our_o ambassador_n also_o say_v that_o the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n you_o may_v judge_v of_o by_o this_o for_o 414._o that_o water_n drop_v down_o or_o cast_v up_o into_o the_o air_n congeal_v into_o ice_n before_o it_o come_v to_o ground_n and_o i_o remember_v that_o inquire_v about_o the_o probability_n of_o such_o relation_n he_o answer_v i_o that_o be_v at_o the_o famous_a siege_n of_o smolensko_n in_o russia_n he_o observe_v it_o to_o be_v so_o extreme_o cold_a in_o the_o field_n that_o his_o hospital_n will_v freeze_v in_o fall_v betwixt_o his_o mouth_n and_o the_o ground_n and_o that_o if_o he_o spit_v against_o a_o tree_n or_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n it_o will_v not_o stick_v but_o fall_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o it_o 17._o among_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o cold_a relate_v to_o the_o air_n i_o endeavour_v to_o observe_v whether_o upon_o the_o change_n of_o the_o wether_n from_o warm_a or_o mild_a to_o cold_a and_o frosty_a there_o will_v appear_v any_o difference_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n by_o its_o be_v plentiful_o furnish_v with_o a_o new_a stock_n of_o such_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n as_o several_a of_o the_o modern_a philosopher_n ascribe_v its_o coldness_n to_o but_o though_o i_o several_a time_n observe_v by_o compare_v a_o good_a barometer_n and_o sometime_o also_o unseal_v weather-glass_n furnish_v one_o with_o a_o tinct_a liquor_n and_o the_o other_o with_o quicksilver_n with_o a_o good_a seal_a weatherglass_n furnish_v with_o pure_a spirit_n of_o wine_n that_o upon_o the_o come_n in_o of_o clear_a and_o frosty_a weather_n the_o atmosphere_n will_v very_o early_o appear_v sensible_o heavy_a than_o before_o and_o continue_v so_o as_o long_o as_o the_o cold_a and_o clear_a weather_n last_v yet_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o consideration_n and_o trial_n that_o breed_v some_o scruple_n in_o i_o i_o refer_v the_o matter_n to_o more_o frequent_a and_o last_a observation_n than_o i_o yet_o have_v be_v able_a to_o make_v in_o which_o it_o will_v concern_v those_o that_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o prosecute_v such_o trial_n not_o only_o to_o consider_v whether_o or_o no_o the_o increase_a gravity_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v not_o proceed_v from_o some_o other_o cause_n than_o the_o come_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n into_o the_o air_n but_o to_o have_v a_o special_a care_n that_o their_o barascope_n be_v more_o careful_o free_v from_o the_o air_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o lurk_v in_o quick_a silver_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o other_o liquor_n than_o those_o in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o torricellian_a experiment_n tube_v usual_o be_v lest_o that_o air_n get_v up_o into_o the_o desert_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n do_v by_o its_o expansion_n and_o contraction_n obtain_v a_o unsuspected_a interest_n in_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o subjacent_a mercurial_a cylinder_n and_o so_o impose_v upon_o they_o 18._o another_o effect_n that_o the_o cold_a especial_o in_o northern_a country_n have_v oftentimes_o upon_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v the_o make_v the_o air_n more_o or_o less_o clear_a than_o usual_o it_o be_v for_o in_o the_o northern_a voyage_n the_o seaman_n frequent_o complain_v of_o thick_a and_o last_a fog_n who_o cause_n i_o shall_v not_o now_o consider_v but_o some_o help_n to_o guess_v at_o they_o may_v be_v give_v by_o what_o we_o be_v about_o to_o add_v namely_o that_o it_o very_o frequent_o happen_v on_o the_o contrary_a that_o when_o the_o cold_a be_v very_a intense_a the_o air_n grow_v much_o clear_a than_o at_o other_o time_n probable_o because_o the_o cold_a by_o condense_v precipitate_v the_o vapour_n that_o thicken_v the_o air_n and_o by_o freeze_a the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n keep_v in_o the_o steam_n that_o will_v else_o arise_v to_o thicken_v the_o air_n not_o to_o dispute_v 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v not_o also_o somewhat_o repress_v the_o vapour_n that_o will_v be_v afford_v by_o the_o water_n itself_o since_o some_o of_o our_o navigator_n observe_v that_o even_o when_o it_o be_v not_o cold_a enough_o to_o freeze_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o will_v so_o far_o chill_a and_o infrigidate_v it_o that_o the_o snow_n will_v lie_v on_o it_o without_o melt_v 19_o i_o remember_v a_o swedish_n extraordinary_a ambassador_n and_o a_o very_a know_a person_n who_o i_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v particular_o acquaint_v with_o will_v say_v when_o he_o see_v a_o frosty_a day_n accompany_v with_o great_a clearness_n that_o it_o then_o look_v like_o a_o swedish_n winter_n where_o when_o once_o the_o frosty_a weather_n be_v settle_v the_o sky_n be_v wont_n for_o a_o very_a long_a time_n to_o be_v very_o serene_a and_o 〈◊〉_d and_o here_o in_o england_n we_o usual_o observe_v the_o sharp_a frosty_a night_n to_o be_v the_o clear_a but_o to_o confirm_v our_o observation_n by_o a_o very_a remarkable_a instance_n i_o shall_v borrow_v it_o 〈◊〉_d a_o navigator_n very_o curious_a of_o celestial_a observation_n which_o circumstance_n i_o mention_v to_o bring_v the_o great_a credit_n to_o the_o follow_a observation_n of_o captain_n james_n which_o in_o his_o journal_n be_v thus_o deliver_v the_o thirty_o and_o one_o 62._o and_o thirty_o of_o january_n there_o appear_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o night_n more_o star_n in_o the_o firmament_n than_o ever_o i_o have_v before_o see_v by_o two_o three_o i_o can_v see_v the_o cloud_n in_o cancer_n full_a of_o small_a star_n 20._o to_o determine_v what_o effect_n the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n may_v have_v upon_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o luminary_n and_o other_o star_n i_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o work_n of_o no_o small_a difficulty_n and_o that_o will_v require_v much_o consideration_n as_o well_o as_o time_n wherefore_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v two_o or_o three_o narrative_n supply_v i_o by_o navigator_n without_o add_v at_o present_a any_o thing_n to_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n 21._o the_o first_o be_v that_o famous_a observation_n of_o the_o dutch_a in_o nova_n zembla_n who_o take_v great_a pain_n to_o evince_v by_o several_a circumstance_n some_o of_o they_o high_o probable_a that_o they_o be_v not_o mistake_v in_o their_o account_n of_o time_n according_a to_o which_o they_o conclude_v that_o they_o see_v the_o sun_n who_o they_o have_v lose_v sight_n of_o eleven_o week_n before_o about_o fourteen_o day_n soon_o than_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v appear_v to_o they_o which_o difference_n have_v be_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v to_o the_o contrary_a by_o all_o that_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o ascribe_v to_o the_o strange_o great_a refraction_n in_o that_o gelid_a and_o northern_a air_n 22._o and_o as_o for_o that_o other_o extreme_o cold_a country_n where_o captain_n james_n winter_v it_o appear_v by_o his_o journal_n that_o he_o there_o make_v divers_a celestial_a and_o other_o observation_n which_o give_v he_o opportunity_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o refraction_n and_o he_o seem_v to_o complain_v that_o he_o find_v it_o very_o great_a though_o among_o the_o particular_n he_o take_v notice_n of_o there_o be_v some_o that_o seem_v not_o very_o strange_a nor_o be_v there_o any_o that_o be_v near_o so_o wonderful_a as_o that_o new_o mention_v of_o the_o hollander_n in_o nova_n zembla_n however_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o extreme_a coldness_n of_o the_o winter_n air_n in_o charleton_n island_n it_o may_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o follow_a passage_n
that_o carneades_n be_v wont_n so_o to_o propose_v his_o opinion_n about_o antiperistasis_n as_o only_o to_o deny_v that_o it_o be_v clear_o make_v out_o by_o the_o reason_n or_o experiment_n that_o be_v common_o produce_v to_o evince_v it_o it_o be_v somewhat_o improper_a to_o urge_v he_o with_o observation_n that_o be_v not_o familiar_a and_o wont_a to_o be_v employ_v but_o i_o know_v too_o that_o he_o be_v not_o so_o rigid_a a_o adversary_n as_o not_o to_o allow_v i_o to_o mention_v some_o uncommon_a relation_n that_o i_o learn_v from_o man_n of_o good_a credit_n i_o shall_v tell_v you_o then_o that_o have_v purposely_o inquire_v of_o ingenious_a man_n that_o have_v be_v very_o deep_a under_o ground_n some_o in_o coal-pit_n and_o some_o in_o mine_n one_o of_o they_o affirm_v that_o at_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o grove_n as_o they_o call_v it_o or_o pit_n he_o find_v it_o very_o hot_a in_o september_n and_o another_o that_o he_o often_o find_v it_o hot_a enough_o to_o be_v troublesome_a in_o winter_n and_o a_o three_o who_o be_v himself_o a_o great_a seeker_n for_o mine_n and_o a_o master_n of_o considerable_a one_o that_o he_o find_v it_o to_o be_v hot_a all_o the_o year_n long_o and_o to_o manifest_v that_o such_o observation_n will_v hold_v even_o in_o gelid_a region_n i_o shall_v repeat_v to_o you_o what_o i_o remember_v i_o read_v in_o the_o voyage_n of_o that_o ingenious_a navigator_n captain_n james_n who_o give_v a_o account_n of_o charleton_n island_n which_o by_o his_o relation_n seem_v to_o be_v as_o cold_a as_o iceland_n itself_o say_v that_o his_o man_n find_v 36._o it_o more_o mortify_v cold_a to_o wade_v through_o the_o water_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o june_n when_o the_o sea_n be_v all_o full_a of_o ice_n then_o in_o december_n when_o it_o be_v increase_v and_o he_o add_v that_o which_o make_v more_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n and_o prove_v the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n that_o from_o their_o well_n out_o of_o which_o they_o have_v water_n in_o december_n they_o have_v none_o in_o july_n and_o to_o strengthen_v the_o observation_n yet_o further_o i_o will_v acquaint_v you_o with_o a_o relation_n to_o this_o purpose_n not_o unworthy_a your_o notice_n for_o hear_v of_o a_o ingenious_a physician_n that_o live_v some_o year_n in_o and_o about_o musco_n i_o apply_v myself_o to_o he_o as_o possible_o you_o may_v have_v do_v for_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o i_o have_v see_v you_o together_o to_o know_v whether_o in_o that_o freeze_a region_n he_o observe_v the_o cellar_n to_o be_v hot_a in_o winter_n and_o his_o answer_n to_o that_o and_o some_o other_o question_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n i_o put_v to_o he_o amount_v in_o short_a to_o this_o that_o when_o i_o inquire_v whether_o their_o spring_n and_o wells_n be_v not_o all_o freeze_a in_o the_o winter_n he_o tell_v i_o that_o he_o see_v some_o spring_n who_o warer_n freeze_v not_o at_o all_o near_a the_o springhead_n but_o at_o a_o good_a distance_n from_o thence_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v thin_o case_v over_o with_o ice_n he_o add_v that_o his_o own_o well_o be_v about_o six_o fathom_n deep_a between_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o of_o the_o water_n and_o that_o the_o water_n in_o it_o be_v as_o i_o remember_v about_o three_o or_o four_o fathom_n deep_a and_o that_o not_o only_o this_o well_o freeze_v not_o all_o the_o winter_n but_o that_o the_o well_o of_o his_o neighbour_n which_o be_v but_o one_o fathom_n deep_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n do_v not_o freeze_v neither_o and_o to_o satisfy_v my_o curiosity_n about_o the_o steam_n of_o this_o water_n he_o tell_v i_o that_o when_o a_o bucket_n of_o water_n be_v new_o draw_v if_o it_o be_v agitate_a it_o will_v smoke_v but_o that_o from_o the_o well_o itself_o when_o the_o water_n in_o it_o be_v leave_v quiet_a and_o unstirred_a he_o do_v not_o perceive_v any_o smoke_n to_o arise_v 8._o to_o all_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v this_o further_a circumstance_n that_o have_v purposely_o inquire_v whether_o in_o the_o winter_n he_o find_v it_o as_o hot_a in_o cellar_n at_o musco_n as_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v in_o that_o season_n in_o we_o he_o answer_v i_o that_o when_o the_o door_n and_o window_n be_v careful_o shut_v to_o hinder_v the_o immediate_a commerce_n betwixt_o the_o include_v and_o external_a air_n he_o often_o find_v if_o he_o stay_v long_o in_o his_o cellar_n it_o will_v not_o only_o defend_v he_o from_o the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o russian_a cold_a as_o bitter_a as_o that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v in_o winter_n but_o keep_v he_o warm_a enough_o to_o be_v ready_a to_o sweat_v though_o he_o lay_v by_o his_o fur_n so_o that_o if_o we_o may_v rely_v either_o upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o our_o sense_n we_o must_v necessary_o admit_v cellar_n to_o be_v warm_a in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n and_o consequent_o allow_v a_o antiperistasis_n 9_o carneades_n though_o i_o be_v not_o in_o haste_n i_o shall_v not_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o reply_v any_o thing_n else_o to_o the_o first_o part_n of_o what_o be_v say_v by_o themistius_n then_o that_o what_o he_o allege_v of_o the_o universality_n of_o the_o opinion_n he_o maintain_v may_v serve_v to_o recommend_v that_o which_o he_o oppose_v for_o the_o vulgar_a doctrine_n about_o antiperistasis_n be_v as_o he_o urge_v receive_v and_o teach_v in_o all_o the_o school_n the_o innovator_n he_o declaim_v against_o must_v have_v learn_v it_o there_o among_o the_o other_o peripatetic_a tenant_n that_o youth_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v imbue_v with_o in_o those_o place_n so_o that_o it_o may_v rather_o seem_v the_o love_n of_o truth_n then_o of_o singularity_n that_o engage_v they_o against_o a_o opinion_n which_o before_o be_v their_o own_o as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o the_o generality_n of_o scholar_n and_o consequent_o against_o which_o they_o can_v maintain_v a_o paradox_n that_o do_v not_o imply_v a_o retractation_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o prosecute_v my_o answer_n to_o themistius_n preamble_n since_o eleutherius_fw-la who_o i_o be_o chief_o to_o speak_v to_o be_v too_o much_o a_o philosopher_n to_o think_v truth_n less_o herself_o for_o be_v slender_o attend_v or_o to_o think_v any_o man_n the_o less_o like_a to_o be_v her_o follower_n because_o they_o be_v but_o few_o to_o come_v then_o direct_o to_o the_o controversy_n itself_o i_o think_v i_o need_v not_o tell_v one_o of_o you_o that_o the_o other_o mistake_v my_o opinion_n about_o it_o for_o i_o perceive_v eleutherius_fw-la have_v not_o quite_o forget_v that_o i_o have_v not_o be_v wont_a to_o deny_v a_o antiperistasis_n as_o it_o may_v be_v but_o only_o as_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v explicate_v but_o since_o themistius_n seem_v to_o be_v willing_a to_o have_v i_o his_o antagonist_n in_o this_o controversy_n and_o since_o eleutherius_fw-la himself_z seem_v to_o conspire_v with_o he_o i_o be_o content_a to_o act_v for_o a_o while_o the_o part_n you_o gentleman_n will_v have_v i_o take_v upon_o i_o and_o will_v propose_v to_o you_o part_n of_o what_o i_o will_v say_v for_o the_o opinion_n you_o impute_v to_o i_o in_o case_n i_o be_v real_o of_o it_o 10._o to_o come_v then_o to_o the_o controversy_n itself_o though_o themistius_n have_v draw_v his_o proof_n for_o the_o antiperistasis_n of_o the_o school_n partly_o from_o reason_n and_o partly_o from_o experience_n yet_o the_o very_a same_o two_o topic_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o afford_v consideration_n that_o may_v just_o warrant_v our_o call_n it_o in_o question_n 11._o and_o first_o if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o thing_n consider_v abstract_o from_o the_o experiment_n that_o be_v pretend_v to_o evince_v a_o antiperistasis_n we_o can_v but_o think_v it_o may_v be_v very_o rational_a i_o say_v not_o to_o doubt_v of_o it_o but_o to_o reject_v it_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n one_o contrary_a aught_o to_o destroy_v not_o to_o corroborate_v the_o other_o and_o next_o it_o be_v a_o maxim_n among_o the_o peripatetic_n themselves_o that_o natural_a cause_n always_o act_v as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v and_o certain_o as_o to_o our_o case_n wherein_o we_o treat_v not_o of_o live_a creature_n i_o can_v but_o think_v the_o axiom_n physical_o demonstrative_a for_o inanimate_a agent_n act_v not_o by_o choice_n but_o by_o a_o necessary_a impulse_n and_o not_o be_v endow_v with_o understanding_n and_o will_n can_v of_o themselves_o be_v able_a to_o moderate_v or_o to_o suspend_v their_o action_n and_o as_o for_o what_o themistius_n allege_v that_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o cold_a and_o heat_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v endow_v with_o such_o a_o power_n of_o intend_v themselves_o
cochanele_o be_v boil_v in_o water_n to_o a_o very_a high_a tincture_n and_o freeze_a and_o to_o twice_o four_o ounce_n of_o this_o decoction_n be_v add_v in_o one_o glass_n a_o little_a spoonful_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o in_o another_o as_o much_o sea_n salt-water_n all_o these_o be_v freeze_v throughout_o and_o every_o part_n of_o this_o ice_n seem_v to_o i_o of_o a_o equal_a colour_n though_o the_o edge_n as_o thin_a and_o near_o the_o light_n appear_v of_o a_o bright_a colour_n as_o they_o do_v unfrozen_a but_o the_o glass_n be_v break_v show_v no_o discernible_a difference_n in_o any_o of_o they_o neither_o as_o to_o colour_n nor_o taste_v the_o like_a trial_n be_v make_v with_o mad_v weed_n and_o indigo_n and_o the_o success_n be_v the_o same_o second_o i_o expose_v a_o pint_n porringer_n full_a of_o the_o decoction_n of_o soot_n which_o the_o air_n relax_v do_v only_o freeze_v a_o inch_n thick_a this_o continue_a above_o a_o week_n consistent_a in_o a_o thaw_v season_n and_o very_o solid_a some_o that_o see_v it_o judge_v it_o to_o be_v brown_a sugar_n candy_n the_o taste_n whereof_o be_v near_o if_o not_o altogether_o as_o strong_a as_o the_o uncongealed_a liquor_n remain_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o in_o another_o trial_n when_o the_o whole_a be_v freeze_v no_o concentration_n be_v see_v but_o though_o it_o be_v not_o my_o hap_n to_o find_v this_o effect_n my_o trial_n have_v be_v make_v in_o vial_n square_a cylindrical_a or_o round_a yet_o mr._n hawk_o a_o worthy_a fellow_n of_o this_o society_n happy_o light_v on_o it_o as_o you_o may_v perceive_v by_o his_o relation_n and_o scheme_n of_o his_o glass_n hereunto_o annex_v some_o affirm_v as_o a_o effect_n of_o freeze_a a_o addition_n of_o weight_n make_v in_o the_o body_n freeze_v but_o this_o affirmation_n answer_v not_o my_o trial_n for_o in_o four_o egg_n and_o four_o apple_n full_o freeze_v i_o find_v the_o weight_n of_o they_o the_o same_o when_o freeze_a and_o thaw_v as_o they_o have_v before_o they_o be_v expose_v each_o of_o the_o egg_n and_o apple_n be_v weigh_v in_o this_o triple_a state_n both_o several_o and_o joint_o with_o the_o particular_a weight_n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v you_o beside_o that_o freeze_a add_v no_o weight_n it_o be_v apparent_a in_o seal_a glass_n from_o whence_o nothing_o can_v expire_v and_o by_o exact_a ponderation_n of_o they_o i_o can_v not_o perceive_v any_o the_o least_o difference_n in_o weight_n in_o the_o say_v triple_a state_n this_o i_o try_v several_a time_n with_o as_o much_o exactness_n as_o possible_o i_o can_v and_o still_o find_v the_o same_o event_n another_o property_n of_o freeze_a be_v to_o render_v many_o body_n more_o friable_a and_o brittle_a as_o most_o wood_n as_o also_o iron_n and_o steel_n as_o every_o one_o know_v that_o have_v use_v crosbow_n in_o frosty_a season_n and_o so_o likewise_o the_o bone_n of_o animal_n and_o it_o be_v common_o observe_v by_o surgeon_n that_o more_o man_n break_v their_o leg_n and_o arm_n in_o such_o season_n then_o at_o any_o other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n especial_o such_o who_o have_v be_v taint_v with_o the_o lues_fw-la venerea_fw-la as_o hildanus_n somewhere_o note_n i_o shall_v now_o conclude_v the_o effect_n of_o freeze_a by_o range_v they_o into_o good_a and_o bad_a the_o good_a be_v the_o long_a preserve_a body_n most_o subject_a to_o putrefaction_n healthiness_n and_o confirm_v the_o tone_n of_o all_o animal_n and_o thicken_a the_o hair_n and_o fur_n of_o such_o as_o have_v they_o fatten_z some_z beside_o it_o exceed_o clear_v the_o air_n and_o other_o body_n as_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o stink_a seasalt-water_n before_o mention_v as_o also_o by_o this_o that_o follow_v namely_o i_o take_v six_o of_o the_o most_o musty_a stone-bottle_n i_o can_v procure_v and_o competent_o fill_v they_o with_o water_n which_o after_o freeze_a and_o thaw_v again_o become_v as_o sweet_a as_o ever_o they_o be_v before_o bad_a effect_n be_v the_o kill_a and_o destroy_v animal_n and_o vegetable_n by_o congeal_v and_o stop_v their_o vital_a and_o nourish_a juice_n render_v they_o total_o immovable_a it_o be_v observable_a that_o in_o greenland_n and_o nova_n zembla_n nothing_o but_o grass_n grow_v as_o also_o what_o be_v tell_v i_o by_o dr._n collins_n the_o present_a physician_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n that_o no_o thorny_a plant_n nor_o thistle_n grow_v in_o that_o country_n and_o this_o present_a year_n most_o of_o the_o rosemary_n and_o sage_a about_o london_n be_v whole_o destroy_v beside_o most_o of_o the_o more_o tender_a plant_n my_o four_o proposal_n be_v the_o property_n and_o quality_n of_o ice_n some_o whereof_o my_o task_n engage_v i_o to_o enumerate_v only_o such_o be_v its_o slipperiness_n smoothness_n hardness_n whereby_o and_o by_o its_o bulk_n and_o motion_n it_o break_v down_o bridge_n etc._n etc._n its_o firmness_n and_o strength_n to_o bear_v carriage_n and_o burden_n its_o diaphaneity_n which_o be_v much_o less_o than_o the_o liquor_n of_o which_o it_o be_v make_v for_o i_o can_v never_o discern_v any_o object_n though_o but_o confuse_o a_o foot_n beyond_o the_o clear_a piece_n of_o ice_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o many_o bubble_n and_o luminous_a part_n within_o it_o which_o bubble_n show_v only_a shadow_n but_o the_o ice_n its_o self_n interpose_v betwixt_o your_o eye_n and_o a_o candle_n appear_v in_o many_o round_a circle_n from_o which_o proceed_v many_o ray_n of_o light_n four_o or_o five_o or_o more_o in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o star_n of_o about_o a_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n which_o so_o glase_v your_o eye_n you_o can_v scarce_o see_v any_o thing_n but_o bright_a light_n and_o shadow_n as_o for_o its_o penetration_n and_o thickness_n something_o have_v be_v say_v above_o to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v see_v the_o thames_n ice_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o eight_o inch_n or_o more_o near_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o river_n and_o on_o the_o side_n much_o more_o and_o in_o garden_n walk_v the_o earth_n freeze_v near_o two_o foot_n deep_a whereas_o on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o same_o walk_n on_o a_o rich_a mould_n the_o frost_n do_v not_o reach_n much_o above_o one_o foot_n and_o ¼_n and_o pipe_n of_o lead_n have_v be_v break_v above_o a_o foot_n under_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n i_o shall_v not_o mention_v the_o huge_a mountain_n of_o ice_n find_v in_o the_o most_o northerly_a sea_n but_o proceed_v to_o its_o weight_n it_o be_v general_o know_v that_o ice_n swim_v upon_o the_o water_n but_o i_o have_v see_v snowball_n moisten_v only_o with_o water_n and_o then_o compress_v with_o a_o strong_a force_n and_o afterward_o freeze_v to_o sink_v beside_o the_o congeal_a oil_n of_o vitriol_n descend_v in_o water_n and_o common_a ice_n be_v frequent_o observe_v under_o water_n whether_o the_o solution_n of_o salt_n freeze_v will_v sink_v be_v by_o i_o forget_v to_o observe_v and_o whether_o coagulate_v oil_n will_v sink_v in_o unfrozen_a as_o bartholine_n affirm_v some_o affirm_v that_o snowball_n hard_o press_v without_o addition_n of_o water_n will_v sink_v but_o experience_n teach_v i_o the_o contrary_n as_o for_o its_o tactile_a quality_n every_o one_o know_v it_o be_v cold_a than_o water_n which_o you_o may_v increase_v by_o add_v salt_n unto_o it_o or_o rather_o snow_n smell_v it_o have_v none_o but_o it_o bind_v up_o that_o quality_n in_o all_o but_o most_o spirituous_a body_n which_o it_o also_o in_o some_o degree_n refract_v in_o they_o last_o ice_n yield_v both_o reflection_n and_o refraction_n whereof_o i_o shall_v speak_v when_o i_o come_v to_o its_o use_n my_o five_o head_n be_v let_n and_o help_v in_o freeze_a which_o i_o shall_v 〈◊〉_d dispatch_n those_o beside_o the_o north_n and_o north-east_n wind_n the_o absence_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o high_a part_n of_o house_n or_o mountain_n be_v the_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n than_o which_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o painful_o and_o unsufferable_o cold_a to_o my_o feel_n as_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o trick_n of_o freeze_a with_o snow_n and_o salt_n by_o the_o fire_n side_n as_o also_o by_o the_o ingenious_a way_n of_o make_v cup_n of_o ice_n invent_v by_o a_o incomparable_a person_n add_v hereunto_o that_o water_n fall_v or_o throw_v upon_o ice_n or_o snow_n soon_o become_v congeal_v a_o mixture_n also_o of_o ice_n beat_v into_o powder_n and_o mix_v with_o common_a sea-salt_n which_o be_v best_a or_o with_o kelp_n alum_n vitriol_n or_o nitre_n and_o here_o note_v that_o vessel_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o set_v in_o these_o mixture_n begin_v their_o freeze_a at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o liquor_n and_o consequent_o be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o be_v break_v as_o those_o be_v which_o be_v not_o set_v in_o these_o