be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o ocean_n which_o notwithstanding_o clasp_v round_o about_o all_o the_o midst_n thereof_o yield_v forth_o and_o receive_v again_o all_o other_o water_n beside_o and_o what_o exhalation_n soever_o that_o go_v out_o for_o cloud_n and_o feed_v withal_o the_o very_a star_n so_o many_o as_o they_o be_v and_o of_o so_o great_a a_o bigness_n what_o a_o mighty_a space_n think_v you_o will_v it_o be_v think_v to_o takeup_v and_o inhabit_v and_o how_o little_o can_v there_o be_v leave_v for_o man_n to_o inhabit_v sure_o the_o possession_n of_o so_o vast_a and_o huge_a a_o deal_n must_v needs_o be_v exceed_v great_a and_o infinite_a what_o say_v you_o then_o to_o this_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v leave_v the_o heaven_n have_v take_v away_o the_o great_a part_n for_o whereas_o there_o be_v of_o the_o heaven_n five_o part_n which_o they_o call_v zone_n all_o that_o lie_v under_o the_o two_o utmost_a to_o wit_n on_o both_o side_n about_o the_o pole_n namely_o this_o here_o which_o be_v call_v septentrio_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o north_n and_o the_o other_o over_o against_o it_o name_v the_o south_n it_o be_v overcharge_v with_o extreme_a and_o rigorous_a cold_a yea_o and_o with_o perpetual_a frost_n and_o ice_n in_o both_o zone_n it_o be_v always_o dim_a and_o dark_a and_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o aspect_n of_o the_o more_o mild_a and_o pleasant_a planet_n be_v divert_v clean_o from_o thence_o the_o light_n that_o be_v show_v little_a or_o nothing_o and_o appear_v white_a with_o the_o frost_n only_o now_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o earth_n whereas_o the_o sun_n have_v his_o way_n and_o keep_v his_o course_n scorch_a and_o burn_v with_o flame_n be_v even_o parch_a and_o fry_v again_o with_o the_o hot_a gleam_n thereof_o be_v so_o near_o those_o two_o only_a on_o either_o side_n about_o it_o namely_o between_o this_o burn_a zone_n and_o the_o two_o freeze_a be_v temperate_a and_o even_o those_o have_v not_o access_n and_o passage_n the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o burn_a heat_n of_o the_o say_a planet_n thus_o you_o see_v that_o the_o heaven_n have_v take_v from_o the_o earth_n three_o part_n and_o what_o the_o ocean_n have_v pluck_v from_o it_o beside_o no_o man_n know_v and_o even_o that_o one_o portion_n remain_v unto_o we_o i_o wot_v not_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o in_o great_a danger_n also_o for_o the_o same_o ocean_n enter_v as_o we_o will_v show_v into_o many_o arm_n and_o creek_n keep_v a_o roar_n against_o the_o other_o gulf_n and_o sea_n within_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o near_o come_v unto_o they_o that_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n be_v not_o from_o the_o egyptian_a sea_n above_o 115_o mile_n the_o caspian_a likewise_o from_o the_o pontic_a but_o 375._o yea_o and_o the_o same_o flow_v between_o and_o enter_v into_o so_o many_o arm_n as_o that_o thereby_o it_o divide_v africa_n europe_n and_o asia_n asunder_o now_o what_o a_o quantity_n of_o land_n it_o take_v up_o may_v be_v collect_v and_o reckon_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o measure_n and_o proportion_n of_o so_o many_o river_n and_o so_o great_a meres_n add_v thereto_o both_o lake_n and_o pool_n and_o withal_o take_v from_o the_o earth_n the_o high_a mountain_n bear_v up_o their_o head_n aloft_o into_o the_o sky_n so_o as_o the_o eye_n can_v hardly_o reach_v their_o height_n the_o wood_n beside_o and_o steep_a descent_n of_o the_o valley_n the_o wilderness_n and_o waste_n wilde_v leave_v desert_n upon_o a_o thousand_o cause_n these_o so_o many_o piece_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o rather_o as_o most_o have_v write_v this_o little-pricke_a of_o the_o world_n for_o sure_o the_o earth_n be_v nothing_o else_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v the_o only_a matter_n of_o our_o glory_n this_o i_o say_v be_v the_o very_a feat_n thereof_o here_o we_o seek_v for_o honour_n and_o dignity_n here_o we_o exercise_v our_o rule_n and_o authority_n here_o we_o covet_v wealth_n and_o riches_n here_o all_o mankind_n be_v set_v upon_o stir_n and_o trouble_n here_o we_o raise_v civil_a war_n still_o one_o after_o another_o and_o with_o mutual_a massacre_n and_o murder_n we_o make_v more_o room_n in_o the_o earth_n and_o to_o let_v pass_v the_o public_a furious_a rage_n of_o nation_n abroad_o this_o be_v it_o wherein_o we_o chase_v and_o drive_v out_o our_o neighbour_n borderer_n and_o by_o stealth_n dig_v turf_n from_o their_o soil_n to_o put_v unto_o our_o own_o and_o when_o a_o man_n have_v extend_v his_o land_n and_o get_v whole_a country_n to_o himself_o far_o and_o near_o what_o a_o goodly_a deal_n of_o earth_n enjoy_v he_o and_o say_v that_o he_o set_v out_o his_o bound_n to_o the_o full_a measure_n of_o his_o covetous_a desire_n what_o a_o great_a portion_n thereof_o shall_v he_o hold_v when_o he_o be_v once_o dead_a and_o his_o head_n lay_v low_a chap._n lxix_o ¶_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o world_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n it_o appear_v by_o manifest_a and_o undoubted_a reason_n but_o most_o evident_o by_o the_o equal_a hour_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a for_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n the_o astrolabe_n and_o instrument_n call_v diophae_fw-la have_v prove_v that_o night_n and_o day_n can_v not_o possible_o be_v find_v equal_a and_o those_o abovesaid_a instrument_n above_o all_o other_o confirm_v the_o same_o see_v that_o in_o the_o equinoctial_a by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o line_n both_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n be_v see_v but_o the_o summer_n sun_n rise_v and_o the_o winter_n set_v by_o their_o own_o several_a line_n which_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n happen_v but_o that_o the_o earth_n rest_v in_o the_o centre_n chap._n lxx_o ¶_o of_o the_o unequal_a rise_n of_o the_o star_n of_o the_o eclipse_n both_o where_o and_o how_o it_o come_v now_o three_o circle_n there_o be_v enfold_v within_o the_o zone_n afore_o name_v which_o distinguish_v the_o inequality_n of_o the_o day_n namely_o the_o summer_n solstitial_a tropic_n from_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o zodiac_n in_o regard_n of_o we_o towards_o the_o north_n climb_v and_o against_o it_o another_o call_v the_o winter_n tropic_n towards_o the_o other_o southern_a pole_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o equinoctial_a which_o go_v in_o the_o mid_n of_o the_o zodiac_n circle_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o rest_n which_o we_o wonder_v at_o be_v in_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o very_a earth_n which_o together_o with_o the_o water_n be_v by_o the_o same_o argument_n know_v to_o be_v like_o a_o globe_n for_o so_o doubtless_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o with_o we_o the_o star_n about_o the_o north_n pole_n never_o go_v down_o and_o those_o contrariwise_o about_o the_o meridian_n never_o rise_v and_o again_o these_o here_o be_v not_o see_v of_o they_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n swell_v up_o in_o the_o mid_n between_o again_o trogloditine_n and_o egypt_n confine_v next_o upon_o it_o never_o set_v eye_n upon_o the_o north_n pole_n star_n neither_o have_v italy_n a_o sight_n of_o canopus_n name_v also_o berenice_n hair_n likewise_o another_o which_o under_o the_o empire_n of_o augustus_n man_n surname_v caesaris_fw-la thronon_n yet_o be_v they_o star_n there_o of_o special_a mark_n and_o so_o evident_o bend_v the_o top_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o rise_n that_o canopus_n at_o alexandria_n seem_v to_o the_o beholder_n elevate_v above_o the_o earth_n almost_o one_o four_o part_n of_o a_o sign_n but_o if_o a_o man_n look_v from_o rhodes_n the_o same_o appear_v after_o a_o sort_n to_o touch_v the_o very_a horizon_n and_o in_o pontus_n where_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o north_n pole_n be_v high_a not_o see_v at_o all_o yea_o and_o this_o same_o pole_n at_o rhodes_n be_v hide_v but_o most_o in_o alexandria_n in_o arabia_n all_o hide_v it_o be_v at_o the_o first_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n in_o november_n but_o at_o the_o second_o it_o show_v in_o meroe_n at_o midsummer_n in_o the_o evening_n it_o appear_v for_o a_o while_n but_o some_o few_o day_n before_o the_o rise_n of_o arcturus_n see_v it_o be_v with_o the_o very_a dawn_n of_o the_o day_n sailor_n by_o their_o voyage_n find_v out_o and_o know_v these_o star_n most_o of_o any_o other_o by_o reason_n that_o some_o sea_n be_v opposite_a unto_o some_o star_n but_o other_o lie_v flat_a and_o incline_v forward_o to_o other_o for_o that_o also_o those_o pole_n star_n appear_v sudden_o and_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n which_o lie_v hide_v before_o under_o the_o wind_a compass_n as_o it_o be_v of_o a_o ball_n for_o the_o heaven_n rise_v not_o aloft_o in_o this_o high_a pole_n as_o some_o man_n have_v give_v out_o else_o shall_v
little_o less_o than_o 25000_o stadia_fw-la chap._n cix_o ¶_o the_o harmonical_a measure_n and_o circumference_n of_o the_o world_n dionysidorus_n in_o another_o kind_n will_v be_v believe_v for_o i_o will_v not_o beguile_v you_o of_o the_o great_a example_n of_o grecian_a vanity_n this_o man_n be_v a_o melian_n famous_a for_o his_o skill_n in_o geometry_n he_o die_v very_o age_v in_o his_o own_o country_n his_o near_a kins-woman_n who_o by_o right_n be_v his_o heir_n in_o remainder_n solemnize_v his_o funeral_n &_o accompany_v he_o to_o his_o grave_n these_o woman_n as_o they_o come_v some_o few_o day_n after_o to_o his_o sepulchre_n for_o to_o perform_v some_o solemn_a obsequy_n thereto_o belong_v by_o report_n find_v in_o his_o monument_n a_o epistle_n of_o this_o dionysidorus_n write_v in_o his_o own_o name_n to_z they_o above_o that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o the_o live_n and_o to_o this_o effect_n namely_o that_o he_o have_v make_v a_o step_n from_o his_o sepulchre_n to_o the_o bottom_n and_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o it_o be_v thither_o 42000_o stadia_fw-la neither_o want_v there_o geometrician_n who_o make_v this_o interpretation_n that_o he_o signify_v that_o this_o epistle_n be_v send_v from_o the_o middle_a centre_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o which_o place_n downward_o from_o the_o uppermost_a aloft_o the_o way_n be_v long_a and_o the_o same_o be_v just_a half_a the_o diametre_fw-la of_o the_o round_a globe_n whereupon_o follow_v this_o computation_n that_o they_o pronounce_v the_o circuit_n to_o be_v 255000_o stadia_fw-la now_o the_o harmonical_a proportion_n which_o force_v this_o universalitic_a and_o nature_n of_o the_o world_n to_o agree_v unto_o itself_o add_v unto_o this_o measure_n 7000_o stadia_fw-la and_o so_o make_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o 96000_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n the_o three_o book_n of_o the_o history_n of_o nature_n write_v by_o c._n plinius_n secundus_fw-la the_o proem_n or_o preface_n hit_v herto_o have_v we_o write_v of_o the_o position_n and_o wonder_n of_o the_o earth_n water_n and_o star_n also_o we_o have_v treat_v in_o general_a term_n of_o the_o proportion_n and_o measure_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n now_o it_o follow_v to_o discourse_v of_o the_o part_n thereof_o albeit_o this_o also_o be_v judge_v a_o infinite_a piece_n of_o work_n nor_o light_o can_v be_v handle_v without_o some_o reprehension_n and_o yet_o in_o no_o kind_n of_o enterprise_n pardon_n be_v more_o due_a since_o it_o be_v no_o marvel_n at_o all_o if_o he_o who_o be_v bear_v a_o mortal_a man_n know_v not_o all_o thing_n belong_v to_o man_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v not_o follow_v one_o author_n more_o than_o another_o but_o every_o one_o as_o i_o shall_v think_v he_o most_o true_a in_o the_o description_n of_o each_o part_n forasmuch_o as_o this_o have_v be_v a_o thing_n common_a in_o manner_n to_o they_o all_o namely_o to_o learn_v or_o describe_v the_o situation_n of_o those_o place_n most_o exact_o where_o themselves_o be_v either_o bear_v or_o which_o they_o have_v discover_v and_o see_v and_o therefore_o neither_o will_v i_o blame_v nor_o reprove_v any_o man_n the_o bare_a name_n of_o place_n shall_v be_v simple_o set_v down_o in_o this_o my_o geographic_a and_o that_o with_o as_o great_a brevity_n as_o i_o can_v the_o excellency_n as_o also_o the_o cause_n and_o occasion_n thereof_o shall_v be_v defer_v to_o their_o sever_n all_o and_o particular_a treatise_n for_o now_o the_o question_n be_v as_o touch_v the_o whole_a earth_n in_o generality_n which_o my_o intent_n be_v to_o represent_v unto_o your_o eye_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v have_v thing_n thus_o to_o be_v take_v as_o if_o the_o name_n of_o country_n be_v put_v down_o nâ—…ked_a and_o void_a of_o renown_n and_o fame_n and_o such_o only_a as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o beginning_n before_o any_o act_n there_o do_v and_o as_o if_o they_o have_v indeed_o a_o indument_n of_o name_n but_o respective_a only_o to_o the_o world_n and_o universal_a nature_n of_o all_o now_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n europe_n asia_n and_o africa_n the_o beginning_n we_o take_v from_o the_o west_n and_o the_o firth_n of_o gades_n even_o whereas_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n break_v in_o be_v spread_v into_o the_o inland_n and_o mediterranean_a sea_n make_v your_o entrance_n there_o i_o mean_v at_o the_o straits_n of_o gibraltar_n and_o then_o africa_n be_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n europe_n on_o the_o left_a and_o asia_n before_o you_o just_a between_o the_o bound_n confine_v these_o be_v the_o have_v tanais_n and_o nilus_n the_o mouth_n of_o the_o ocean_n at_o gades_n whereof_o i_o speak_v before_o lie_v out_o in_o length_n 15_o mile_n and_o stretch_v forth_o in_o breadth_n but_o five_o from_o a_o village_n in_o spain_n call_v mellaria_n to_o the_o promontory_n of_o africa_n call_v the_o white_a as_o turannius_n graccula_n bear_v thereby_o do_v write_v t._n livius_n and_o nepos_n cornelius_n have_v report_v that_o the_o breadth_n thereof_o where_o it_o be_v narrow_a be_v seven_o mile_n over_o but_o ten_o mile_n where_o it_o be_v broad_o from_o so_o small_a amouth_n a_o wonder_n to_o consider_v spread_v the_o sea_n so_o huge_a and_o so_o vast_a as_o we_o see_v and_o withal_o so_o exceed_v deep_a as_o the_o marvel_n be_v no_o less_o in_o that_o regard_n for_o why_o in_o the_o very_a mouth_n thereof_o be_v to_o be_v see_v many_o bar_n and_o shallow_a shelf_n of_o white_a sand_n so_o ebb_n be_v the_o water_n to_o the_o great_a terror_n of_o ship_n and_o sailor_n pass_v that_o way_n and_o therefore_o many_o have_v call_v those_o straits_n of_o gibraltar_n the_o entry_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n of_o both_o side_n of_o this_o gullet_n near_o unto_o it_o be_v two_o mountain_n set_v as_o frontier_n and_o rampier_n to_o keep_v all_o in_o namely_o abila_n for_o africa_n calpe_n for_o europe_n the_o utmost_a end_n of_o hercules_n labour_n for_o which_o cause_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o part_n call_v they_o the_o two_o pillar_n of_o that_o god_n and_o do_v very_o believe_v that_o by_o certain_a drain_v and_o ditch_n dig_v within_o the_o continent_n the_o main_a ocean_n before_o exclude_v make_v way_n and_o be_v let_v in_o to_o make_v the_o mediterranean_a sea_n where_o before_o be_v firm_a land_n and_o so_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o very_a face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v clean_o alter_v chap._n i._n ¶_o of_o europe_n and_o first_o as_o touch_v europe_n the_o nurse_n of_o that_o people_n which_o be_v the_o conqueror_n of_o all_o nation_n and_o beside_o of_o all_o land_n by_o many_o degree_n most_o beautiful_a which_o may_v for_o right_n good_a cause_n have_v make_v not_o the_o three_o portion_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o one_o half_a divide_v the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o two_o part_n to_o wit_n from_o the_o river_n tanais_n unto_o the_o straits_n of_o gades_n the_o ocean_n then_o at_o this_o space_n abovesaid_a enter_v into_o the_o atlantic_a sea_n and_o with_o a_o greedy_a current_n drown_v those_o land_n which_o dread_v his_o come_n like_o a_o tyrant_n but_o where_o he_o meet_v with_o any_o that_o be_v like_a to_o resist_v those_o he_o pass_v just_a by_o and_o with_o his_o wind_a turn_n and_o reach_v he_o eat_v and_o hollow_v the_o shore_n continual_o to_o gain_v ground_n make_v many_o nouke_n and_o creek_n every_o where_o but_o in_o europe_n most_o of_o all_o wherein_o four_o especial_a great_a gulf_n be_v to_o be_v see_v of_o which_o the_o first_o from_o calpe_n the_o utmost_a promontory_n as_o be_v above_o say_v of_o spain_n wind_v and_o turn_v with_o a_o exceed_a great_a compass_n to_o locri_n and_o as_o far_o as_o the_o promontory_n brutium_fw-la within_o it_o lie_v the_o first_o land_n of_o all_o other_o spain_n that_o part_n i_o mean_v which_o in_o regard_n of_o we_o at_o rome_n be_v the_o far_o off_o and_o be_v name_v also_o boetica_fw-la and_o anon_o from_o the_o firth_n virgitanus_fw-la the_o hither_o part_n otherwise_o call_v tarraconensis_n as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o hill_n pyrenaei_n that_o far_a part_n of_o large_a spain_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o province_n in_o the_o length_n thereof_o for_o on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o boetica_fw-la lie_v lusitania_n afront_o divide_v from_o it_o by_o the_o river_n ana._n this_o river_n begin_v in_o the_o territory_n laminitanus_fw-la of_o the_o hither_o spain_n one_o while_n spread_v out_o itself_o into_o broad_a pool_n or_o mere_a otherwhiles_o gather_v into_o narrow_a brook_n or_o altogether_o hide_v under_o the_o ground_n and_o take_v pleasure_n to_o rise_v up_o oftentimes_o in_o many_o place_n fall_v into_o the_o spanish_a atlantic_a ocean_n but_o the_o part_n name_v tarraconensis_n lie_v fast_o upon_o pyrenaeus_n &_o shoot_v along_o all_o
not_o make_v twenty_o and_o many_o such_o thing_n of_o like_a sort_n whereby_o no_o doubt_n be_v evident_o prove_v the_o power_n of_o nature_n and_o how_o it_o be_v she_o and_o nothing_o else_o which_o we_o call_v god_n i_o think_v it_o not_o impertinent_a thus_o to_o divert_v and_o digress_v to_o these_o point_n so_o common_o divulge_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o usual_a and_o ordinary_a question_n as_o touch_v the_o essence_n of_o god_n chap._n viii_o ¶_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o planet_n and_o their_o circuit_n let_v we_o return_v now_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o nature_n work_n the_o star_n which_o we_o say_v be_v fix_v in_o heaven_n be_v not_o as_o the_o common_a sort_n think_v assign_v to_o every_o one_o of_o we_o and_o appoint_v to_o man_n respective_o namely_o the_o bright_a &_o fair_a for_o the_o rich_a the_o less_o for_o the_o poor_a the_o dim_a for_o the_o weak_a the_o age_a and_o feeble_a neither_o shine_v they_o out_o more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o lot_n and_o fortune_n of_o every_o one_o nor_o arise_v they_o each_o one_o together_o with_o that_o person_n unto_o who_o they_o be_v appropriate_a and_o die_v likewise_o with_o the_o same_o ne_o yet_o as_o they_o set_v and_o fall_v do_v they_o signify_v that_o any_o body_n be_v dead_a there_o be_v not_o iwis_o so_o great_a society_n between_o heaven_n and_o we_o as_o that_o together_o with_o the_o fatal_a necessity_n of_o our_o death_n the_o shine_a light_n of_o the_o star_n shall_v in_o token_n of_o sorrow_n go_v out_o and_o become_v mortal_a as_o for_o they_o the_o truth_n be_v this_o when_o they_o be_v think_v to_o fall_v they_o do_v but_o shoot_v from_o they_o a_o deal_n of_o fire_n even_o of_o that_o abundance_n and_o overmuch_o nutriment_n which_o they_o have_v get_v by_o the_o attraction_n os_fw-la humidity_n and_o moisture_n unto_o they_o like_a as_o we_o also_o observe_v daily_o in_o the_o wike_v and_o match_n of_o lamp_n or_o candle_n burn_v with_o the_o liquor_n of_o oil_n moreover_o the_o celestial_a body_n which_o make_v and_o frame_v the_o world_n and_o in_o that_o frame_n be_v compact_v and_o knit_v together_o have_v a_o immortal_a nature_n and_o their_o power_n and_o influence_n extend_v much_o to_o the_o earth_n which_o by_o their_o effect_n and_o operation_n by_o their_o light_n and_o greatness_n may_v be_v know_v notwithstanding_o they_o be_v so_o high_a and_o subtle_a withal_o as_o we_o shall_v in_o due_a place_n make_v demonstration_n the_o manner_n likewise_o of_o the_o heavenly_a circle_n and_o zone_n shall_v be_v show_v more_o fit_o in_o our_o geographical_a treatise_n of_o the_o earth_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o consideration_n thereof_o appertain_v whole_o thereunto_o only_o we_o will_v not_o put_v off_o but_o present_o declare_v the_o deviser_n of_o the_o zodiac_n wherein_o the_o sign_n be_v the_o obliquity_n and_o crookedness_n thereof_o anaximander_n the_o milesian_n be_v report_v to_o have_v observe_v first_o and_o thereby_o open_v the_o gate_n and_o passage_n to_o astronomy_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o this_o happen_v in_o the_o 58_o olympias_n afterward_o clâ—…ostratus_n mark_v the_o sign_n therein_o and_o namely_o those_o first_o of_o aries_n and_o sagitarius_n as_o for_o the_o sphere_n itself_o atlas_n devise_v long_o before_o now_o for_o this_o time_n we_o will_v leave_v the_o very_a body_n of_o the_o starry_a heaven_n and_o treat_v of_o all_o the_o rest_n between_o it_o and_o the_o earth_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o planet_n which_o they_o call_v saturn_n be_v the_o high_a and_o therefore_o seem_v least_o also_o that_o he_o keep_v his_o course_n and_o perform_v his_o revolution_n in_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o all_o and_o in_o thirty_o year_n space_n at_o the_o soon_o return_v again_o to_o the_o point_n of_o his_o first_o place_n moreover_o that_o the_o move_n of_o all_o the_o planet_n and_o withal_o of_o sun_n and_o moon_n go_v a_o contrary_a course_n unto_o the_o starry_a heaven_n namely_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n i._n eastward_o whereas_o the_o say_a heaven_n always_o hasten_v to_o the_o right_o i._n westward_n and_o albeit_o in_o that_o continual_a turn_n with_o exceed_v celerity_n those_o planet_n be_v lift_v up_o alost_a and_o carry_v by_o it_o forcible_a into_o the_o west_n and_o there_o set_v yet_o by_o a_o contrary_a motion_n of_o their_o own_o they_o pass_v every_o one_o through_o their_o several_a way_n eastward_o and_o all_o for_o this_o that_o the_o air_n roll_v ever_o one_o way_n and_o to_o the_o same_o part_n by_o the_o continual_a turn_n of_o the_o heaven_n shall_v not_o stand_v still_o grow_v dull_a &_o as_o it_o be_v congeal_v while_o the_o globe_n thereof_o rest_v idle_a but_o dissolve_v and_o cleave_v part_v thus_o &_o divide_v by_o the_o reverberation_n of_o the_o contrary_a beam_n and_o violent_a cross_a influence_n of_o the_o say_a planet_n now_o the_o planet_n saturn_n be_v of_o a_o jupiter_n cold_a and_o freeze_a nature_n but_o the_o circle_n of_o jupiter_n be_v much_o low_a than_o it_o and_o therefore_o his_o revolution_n be_v perform_v with_o a_o more_o speedy_a motion_n namely_o in_o twelve_o year_n the_o three_o of_o mars_n which_o mars_n some_o call_v the_o sphere_n of_o hercules_n be_v fiery_a and_o ardent_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o sun_n vicinity_n and_o well-near_a in_o two_o year_n run_v his_o race_n and_o hereupon_o it_o be_v that_o by_o the_o exceed_a heat_n of_o mars_n and_o the_o vehement_a cold_a of_o saturn_n jupiter_n who_o be_v place_v betwixt_o be_v well_o temper_v of_o they_o both_o and_o so_o become_v good_a and_o comfortable_a next_o to_o they_o be_v the_o race_n of_o the_o sun_n consist_v very_o of_o sun_n 360_o part_n or_o degree_n yet_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o shadow_n which_o he_o cast_v may_v return_v again_o just_a to_o the_o former_a mark_n five_o day_n be_v add_v to_o every_o year_n with_o the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o day_n over_o and_o above_o whereupon_o every_o five_o year_n leap_v and_o one_o odd_a day_n be_v set_v to_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o reckon_n of_o the_o time_n and_o season_n may_v agree_v unto_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o sun_n a_o goodly_a fair_a star_n there_o be_v call_v venus_n which_o go_v her_o compass_n venus_n wander_v this_o way_n and_o that_o by_o turn_n and_o by_o the_o very_a name_n that_o it_o have_v testify_v her_o emulation_n of_o sun_n and_o moon_n for_o all_o the_o while_n that_o she_o prevent_v the_o morning_n and_o rise_v oriental_a before_o she_o take_v the_o name_n of_o lucifer_n or_o daystar_n as_o a_o second_o sun_n hasten_v the_o day_n contrariwise_o when_o she_o shine_v from_o the_o west_n occidental_a draw_v out_o the_o day_n light_n at_o length_n and_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n she_o be_v name_v vesper_n this_o nature_n of_o she_o pythagoras_n of_o samos_n first_o find_v out_o about_o the_o 42_o olympias_fw-la which_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v the_o 142_o year_n after_o the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n now_o this_o planet_n in_o greatness_n go_v beyond_o all_o the_o other_o five_o and_o so_o clear_a and_o shine_a withal_o that_o the_o beam_n of_o this_o one_o star_n cast_v shadow_n upon_o the_o earth_n and_o hereupon_o come_v so_o great_a diversity_n and_o ambiguity_n of_o the_o name_n thereof_o while_o some_o have_v call_v it_o juno_n other_o isis_n and_o othersome_a the_o mother_n of_o the_o god_n by_o the_o natural_a efficacy_n of_o this_o star_n all_o thing_n be_v engender_v on_o earth_n for_o whether_o she_o rise_v east_n or_o west_n she_o sprinkle_v all_o the_o earth_n with_o dew_n of_o generation_n and_o not_o only_o fill_v the_o same_o with_o seed_n cause_v it_o to_o conceive_v but_o stir_v up_o also_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o live_a creature_n to_o engender_v this_o planet_n go_v through_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o zodiac_n in_o 348_o day_n depart_v from_o the_o sun_n never_o above_o 46_o degree_n as_o timaeus_n be_v of_o opinion_n next_o unto_o it_o but_o nothing_o of_o that_o bigness_n and_o powerful_a efficacy_n be_v the_o star_n mercury_n mercury_n of_o some_o clepe_v apollo_n in_o a_o inferior_a circle_n he_o go_v after_o the_o like_a manner_n a_o swift_a course_n by_o nine_o day_n shine_v sometime_o before_o the_o sunrising_n otherwhiles_o after_o his_o set_n never_o far_a distant_a from_o he_o than_o 23_o degree_n as_o both_o the_o same_o timaeus_n and_o sosigenes_n do_v show_v and_o therefore_o these_o two_o planet_n have_v a_o peculiar_a consideration_n from_o other_o and_o not_o common_a with_o the_o rest_n above_o name_v for_o those_o be_v see_v from_o the_o sun_n a_o four_o yea_o and_o three_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n oftentimes_o also_o in_o opposition_n full_a against_o the_o sun_n and_o all_o of_o
now_o do_v this_o ground_n shine_v again_o after_o the_o ploughshare_n resemble_v that_o vein_n of_o earth_n which_o homer_n the_o very_a fountain_n and_o spring_n of_o all_o good_a wit_n report_v to_o have_v be_v engrave_v by_o a_o vulcan_n god_n in_o the_o armour_n of_o achilles_n add_v moreover_o that_o the_o say_a earth_n look_v black_a withal_o wherein_o he_o observe_v a_o wonderful_a piece_n of_o workmanship_n notwithstanding_o it_o be_v wrought_v in_o gold_n this_o be_v that_o ground_n i_o say_v which_o be_v new_o break_v and_o turn_v up_o with_o the_o plough_n the_o shrewd_a and_o busy_a bird_n seek_v after_o and_o go_v under_o the_o ploughshare_n for_o it_o this_o be_v it_o that_o the_o very_a raven_n follow_v the_o plough_n man_n hard_o at_o heel_n for_o yea_o and_o be_v ready_a for_o greediness_n to_o peck_n and_o job_n under_o his_o very_a foot_n and_o here_o in_o this_o place_n i_o can_v choose_v but_o relate_v the_o opinion_n that_o be_v currant_n among_o our_o roiotous_a and_o delicate_a gallant_n which_o some_o other_o thing_n also_o make_v for_o our_o purpose_n in_o the_o discourse_n of_o this_o argument_n which_o we_o have_v in_o hand_n certes_o cicero_n a_o man_n repute_v as_o he_o be_v no_o less_o indeed_o for_o a_o second_o light_n of_o all_o good_a learning_n and_o literature_n better_o be_v esteem_v quoth_v he_o the_o sweet_a composition_n and_o ointment_n which_o taste_v of_o earth_n than_o of_o saffron_n where_o note_v by_o the_o way_n that_o this_o great_a clerk_n choose_v to_o use_v the_o word_n of_o taste_n rather_o than_o of_o smell_n in_o such_o odoriferous_a perfume_n and_o mixture_n well_o to_o speak_v at_o a_o word_n sure_o that_o ground_n be_v best_a of_o all_o other_o which_o have_v a_o aromatical_a smell_n and_o taste_v with_o it_o now_o if_o we_o list_v moreover_o to_o be_v better_o instruct_v what_o kind_n of_o savour_n and_o odour_n that_o shall_v be_v which_o we_o will_v so_o glad_o find_v in_o the_o earth_n we_o may_v oftentimes_o meet_v with_o that_o scent_n even_o when_o she_o be_v not_o stir_v with_o the_o plough_n but_o lie_v still_o and_o quiet_a namely_o a_o little_a before_o the_o sunset_n especial_o where_o a_o rainbow_n seem_v to_o settle_v &_o pitch_v her_o tip_n in_o the_o horizon_n also_o when_o after_o some_o long_a and_o continual_a drought_n it_o begin_v to_o rain_v for_o then_o be_v wet_a and_o drench_v therewith_o the_o earth_n will_v send_v up_o a_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n conceive_v from_o the_o sun_n so_o heavenly_a and_o divine_a as_o no_o perfume_n how_o pleasant_a soever_o it_o be_v be_v comparable_a unto_o it_o this_o smell_n there_o must_v be_v in_o it_o when_o you_o ere_o it_o up_o with_o the_o plough_n which_o if_o a_o man_n find_v once_o he_o may_v be_v assure_v it_o be_v a_o right_n good_a ground_n for_o this_o rule_n never_o fail_v so_o as_o to_o say_v a_o truth_n it_o be_v the_o very_a smell_n and_o nothing_o else_o that_o will_v judge_v best_a of_o the_o earth_n and_o such_o common_o be_v new_a break_a ground_n where_o old_a wood_n be_v late_o stock_v up_o for_o all_o man_n by_o a_o general_a consent_n do_v commend_v such_o for_o excellent_a moreover_o the_o same_o ground_n for_o bear_v be_v hold_v to_o be_v far_o better_o whensoever_o it_o have_v rest_v between_o and_o either_o lie_v ley_z or_o fallow_a whereas_o for_o vineyard_n it_o be_v clean_a contrary_n and_o therefore_o the_o more_o care_n and_o diligence_n be_v to_o be_v employ_v in_o choose_v such_o ground_n lest_o we_o approve_v and_o verify_v their_o opinion_n who_o say_v that_o the_o soil_n of_o all_o italy_n be_v already_o out_o of_o heart_n and_o weary_a with_o bear_v fruit_n this_o be_v certain_a that_o both_o there_o and_o elsewhere_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o air_n and_o weather_n both_o give_v and_o take_v away_o the_o opportunity_n of_o good_a husbandry_n that_o a_o man_n can_v otherwhiles_o do_v what_o he_o will_v for_o some_o kind_n of_o ground_n there_o be_v so_o fat_a and_o ready_a to_o resolve_v into_o mire_n and_o dirt_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o plough_v they_o and_o make_v good_a work_n after_o a_o shower_n of_o rain_n contrariwise_o in_o byzacium_n a_o territory_n of_o africa_n it_o be_v far_o otherwise_o for_o there_o be_v not_o a_o better_a and_o more_o fruitful_a piece_n of_o ground_n lie_v without_o door_n than_o it_o be_v yield_v ordinary_o 150_o fold_n let_v the_o season_n be_v dry_a the_o strong_a team_n of_o ox_n that_o be_v can_v plough_v it_o fall_v there_o once_o a_o good_a ground_n shower_n one_o poor_a ass_n with_o the_o help_n of_o a_o silly_a old_a woman_n draw_v the_o ploughshare_n at_o another_o side_n will_v be_v able_a to_o go_v round_o away_o with_o it_o as_o i_o myself_o have_v see_v many_o a_o time_n and_o often_o and_o whereas_o some_o great_a husband_n there_o be_v that_o teach_v we_o to_o enrich_v and_o mend_v one_o ground_n with_o another_o to_o wit_n by_o spread_v fat_a earth_n upon_o a_o lean_a and_o hungry_a soil_n &_o likewise_o by_o cast_v dry_a light_n and_o thirsty_a mould_n upon_o that_o which_o be_v moist_a and_o overfat_a it_o be_v a_o mere_a folly_n and_o wasteful_a expense_n both_o of_o time_n and_o travail_n for_o what_o fruit_n can_v he_o ever_o look_v to_o reap_v from_o such_o a_o mingle_v mangle_v of_o ground_n chap._n vi_o ¶_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o britain_n and_o france_n love_v so_o well_o the_o britain_n and_o frenchman_n have_v devise_v another_o mean_n to_o manure_v their_o ground_n by_o a_o kind_n of_o limestone_n or_o clay_n which_o they_o call_v marga_n i._n marle_n and_o very_o they_o have_v a_o great_a opinion_n of_o the_o same_o that_o it_o mighty_o inrich_v it_o &_o make_v it_o more_o plentiful_a this_o marvel_n be_v a_o certain_a fat_a of_o the_o ground_n much_o like_a unto_o the_o glandulous_a kernel_n grow_v in_o the_o body_n of_o beast_n and_o it_o be_v thicken_v in_o manner_n of_o marrow_n or_o the_o kernel_n of_o fat_a about_o it_o chap._n vii_o ¶_o the_o discourse_n of_o these_o matter_n continue_v according_a to_o the_o greek_n the_o greek_n also_o have_v not_o overpass_o this_o in_o silence_n for_o what_o be_v it_o that_o they_o have_v not_o meddle_v withal_o the_o white_a clay_n or_o earth_n wherewith_o they_o use_v to_o marvel_v their_o ground_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o megara_n those_o only_o i_o mean_v which_o be_v moist_a and_o cold_a they_o call_v leucargillae_fw-la these_o marle_n all_o the_o kind_n of_o they_o do_v great_o enrich_v france_n and_o britain_n both_o and_o therefore_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o speak_v of_o they_o more_o exact_o in_o old_a time_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n thereof_o and_o no_o more_o but_o of_o late_a day_n as_o man_n wit_n be_v inventive_a every_o day_n of_o one_o thing_n or_o other_o they_o have_v begin_v to_o find_v out_o more_o kind_n and_o to_o use_v the_o same_o for_o there_o be_v now_o diverse_a marle_n the_o white_a the_o red_a the_o columbine_n the_o clay_n soil_n the_o stony_a and_o the_o sandy_a and_o all_o these_o be_v but_o two_o in_o nature_n to_o wit_n either_o hard_a and_o churlish_a or_o else_o gentle_a and_o fat_a the_o trial_n of_o both_o be_v know_v by_o the_o handle_n and_o a_o twofold_a use_n they_o yield_v either_o to_o bear_v corn_n only_o or_o else_o for_o grass_n and_o pasture_n also_o the_o stony_a or_o gravel_o soil_n be_v good_a only_o for_o to_o nourish_v corn_n which_o if_o it_o be_v white_a withal_o and_o the_o pit_n thereof_o find_v among_o spring_n or_o fountain_n it_o will_v cause_v the_o ground_n to_o be_v infinite_a fruitful_a but_o it_o be_v rough_a in_o handle_v and_o if_o it_o be_v lay_v too_o thick_a upon_o the_o land_n or_o ley_n it_o will_v burn_v the_o very_a ground_n the_o next_o to_o it_o be_v the_o red_a marvel_n call_v also_o capnumargos_n which_o have_v intermingle_v in_o it_o a_o certain_a small_a stony_a grit_n full_a of_o sand_n this_o stony_a marvel_n the_o manner_n be_v to_o break_v and_o bruise_v upon_o the_o very_a land_n and_o for_o the_o first_o year_n hardly_o can_v the_o straw_n be_v mow_v or_o cut_v down_o for_o the_o say_a stone_n light_a be_v this_o marvel_n than_o the_o rest_n by_o the_o one_o half_a and_o therefore_o the_o carriage_n thereof_o into_o the_o field_n be_v least_o chargeable_a it_o ought_v to_o be_v spread_v and_o lay_v thin_a &_o some_o think_v that_o it_o stand_v somewhat_o upon_o salt_n but_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o will_v serve_v well_o for_o fifty_o year_n and_o the_o ground_n enrich_v thereby_o will_v during_o that_o time_n yield_v plenty_n as_o well_o of_o corn_n as_o grass_n chap._n viii_o ¶_o sundry_a sort_n of_o earth_n and_o marle_n of_o those_o marle_n which_o be_v find_v
foot_n broad_a in_o the_o mouth_n but_o in_o the_o bottom_n not_o above_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o hand-breadth_n but_o see_v they_o be_v four_o foot_n deep_a provide_v always_o that_o they_o be_v mistake_v pave_v beneath_o with_o stone_n and_o for_o want_v thereof_o lay_v with_o green_a willow_n baston_n and_o for_o default_n of_o they_o with_o vine_n cut_n or_o such_o trousse_n so_o that_o they_o lie_v half_o a_o foot_n thick_a but_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o tree_n whereof_o we_o have_v before_o write_v i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o add_v somewhat_o of_o my_o own_o namely_o the_o more_o ebb_n that_o any_o root_n of_o tree_n creep_v under_o the_o ground_n the_o deep_a they_o must_v be_v set_v into_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o example_n the_o ash_n and_o the_o olive_n tree_n for_o they_o and_o such_o other_o like_o aught_o to_o stand_v four_o foot_n deep_a as_o for_o all_o the_o rest_n it_o skill_v not_o if_o they_o go_v no_o deep_a than_o 3_o foot_n for_o that_o be_v think_v sufficient_a stock_n i_o up_o this_o root_n here_o quoth_v papyrius_n cursor_n a_o roman_a in_o general_n in_o a_o bravery_n when_o he_o mean_v to_o terrify_v the_o praetor_n of_o the_o praenestine_n whereby_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o more_o secure_a &_o safe_a way_n in_o his_o judgement_n be_v rather_o to_o cut_v the_o stock_n and_o master_n root_n indeed_o than_o slight_o to_o pare_v away_o those_o bare_a root_n that_o appear_v naked_a above_o ground_n for_o that_o may_v be_v do_v and_o the_o tree_n never_o the_o worse_o for_o it_o some_o there_o be_v that_o will_v have_v round_a pebble_n stone_n lay_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o such_o ditch_n which_o may_v as_o well_o contain_v and_o keep_v water_n as_o let_v it_o forth_o and_o give_v issue_n thereto_o whereas_o broad_a flat_a stone_n will_v not_o so_o do_v but_o beside_o hinder_v the_o root_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o go_v down_o and_o take_v hold_v of_o the_o earth_n for_o to_o keep_v therefore_o a_o mean_a between_o it_o be_v good_a in_o my_o opinion_n to_o lay_v gravel_n under_o the_o root_n moreover_o there_o be_v diverse_a man_n of_o this_o mind_n that_o a_o tree_n shall_v not_o be_v remove_v either_o under_o two_o year_n old_a or_o above_o three_o whereas_o other_o make_v no_o question_n to_o transplant_v they_o after_o the_o first_o year_n without_o more_o ado_n cato_n allow_v not_o of_o translate_n a_o tree_n unless_o it_o bear_v in_o thickness_n more_o than_o 5_o finger_n and_o very_o so_o exact_o have_v he_o write_v hereof_o that_o he_o will_v not_o have_v forget_v to_o mark_v in_o the_o bark_n of_o tree_n the_o south_n side_n before_o they_o be_v take_v up_o in_o case_n he_o have_v think_v that_o it_o be_v material_a to_o the_o replant_n of_o they_o that_o they_o shall_v stand_v just_a in_o the_o same_o position_n and_o accustom_a coast_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o they_o do_v before_o for_o fear_n lest_o that_o side_n which_o regard_v the_o north_n if_o now_o it_o shall_v be_v oppose_v against_o the_o south_n may_v cleave_v and_o rift_v with_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n not_o use_v thereto_o and_o contrariwise_o the_o part_n which_o look_v southward_o may_v now_o by_o the_o northern_a wind_n be_v clunge_v and_o congeal_v withal_o now_o there_o be_v some_o that_o affect_v a_o clean_a contrary_a course_n and_o namely_o in_o the_o fig_n tree_n and_o the_o vine_n exchange_v the_o one_o side_n for_o the_o other_o be_v full_o persuade_v that_o by_o that_o mean_v they_o will_v bear_v leaf_n thick_a preserve_v and_o defend_v their_o fruit_n better_o and_o in_o the_o end_n shed_v few_o more_o particular_o that_o the_o fig_n tree_n thereby_o will_v be_v the_o fruitful_a more_o easy_a to_o climb_v most_o man_n take_v great_a heed_n of_o this_o only_a that_o when_o they_o prune_v tree_n and_o cut_v off_o the_o top_n end_v of_o bough_n the_o cut_n may_v be_v towards_o the_o south_n without_o any_o regard_n or_o consideration_n that_o in_o so_o do_v they_o expose_v the_o bough_n to_o the_o danger_n of_o cleave_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o hot_a southern_a wind_n which_o lie_v incessant_o beat_v upon_o they_o yet_o hold_v i_o rather_o with_o they_o that_o will_v have_v branch_n cut_v southeast_n or_o south-west_n namely_o towards_o the_o point_n where_o the_o sun_n be_v at_o the_o five_o and_o eight_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n another_o secret_a there_o be_v beside_o whereof_o they_o be_v as_o ignorant_a howbeit_o not_o to_o be_v neglect_v namely_o to_o beware_v that_o the_o root_n of_o such_o tree_n as_o be_v to_o be_v replant_v stay_v not_o long_o above_o ground_n and_o thereby_o wax_v dry_a also_o that_o tree_n be_v not_o dig_v up_o either_o stand_n into_o the_o north_n or_o in_o any_o quarter_n between_o that_o point_n and_o the_o southeast_n where_o the_o sun_n rise_v in_o midwinter_n in_o case_n the_o wind_n sit_v in_o those_o corner_n or_o at_o leastwise_o that_o the_o root_n be_v not_o expose_v bare_a against_o any_o of_o those_o wind_n for_o sure_o many_o a_o tree_n die_v hereby_o and_o husbandman_n never_o know_v the_o cause_n thereof_o cato_n utter_o condemn_v all_o manner_n of_o wind_n whatsoever_o yea_o and_o rain_v too_o all_o the_o while_n that_o tree_n be_v in_o remove_v moreover_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v singular_a good_a that_o there_o hang_v to_o the_o root_n of_o these_o tree_n when_o they_o be_v translate_v as_o much_o of_o the_o old_a earth_n wherein_o they_o live_v and_o grow_v before_o as_o may_v be_v yea_o and_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o bring_v they_o away_o with_o the_o turf_n whole_a and_o entire_a lap_v fast_o about_o the_o root_n and_o therefore_o cato_n provide_v well_o that_o such_o young_a plant_n shall_v be_v carry_v in_o basket_n earth_n and_o altogether_o with_o the_o root_n doubtless_o not_o without_o very_o great_a reason_n there_o be_v one_o author_n say_v that_o it_o be_v suffiâ—…nt_a that_o the_o uppermost_a course_n of_o the_o old_a mouth_n that_o lie_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o tree_n shall_v be_v put_v 〈◊〉_d the_o root_n thereof_o now_o when_o it_o be_v replant_v some_o write_v that_o if_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o hole_n or_o grave_n be_v pave_v with_o stone_n where_o pomegranate_n tree_n shall_v stand_v the_o apple_n or_o fruit_n that_o they_o bear_v will_v never_o burst_v nor_o cleave_v upon_o the_o tree_n also_o that_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n when_o they_o be_v to_o be_v set_v shall_v be_v lay_v bend_v a_o tone_n side_n and_o not_o stand_v direct_a and_o straight_o moreover_o that_o the_o tree_n in_o any_o case_n be_v set_v just_a in_o the_o mid_n of_o the_o ditch_n or_o hole_n make_v for_o it_o it_o be_v say_v moreover_o that_o if_o a_o man_n plant_v a_o figtree_n together_o with_o the_o sea-onion_n scylla_n that_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o the_o bulbi_n it_o will_v make_v haste_n to_o bear_v fig_n and_o those_o will_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o worm_n and_o yet_o other_o fruit_n will_v be_v worm-eaten_a nevertheless_o set_v they_o with_o the_o say_v scylla_n as_o well_o as_o you_o can_v as_o for_o the_o root_n of_o a_o tree_n who_o make_v any_o doubt_n that_o great_a care_n shall_v be_v have_v in_o the_o take_n of_o they_o up_o so_o as_o they_o may_v seem_v rather_o draw_v forth_o gentle_o and_o not_o pluck_v up_o violent_o but_o my_o purpose_n be_v not_o to_o dwell_v in_o these_o matter_n nor_o to_o stand_v much_o upon_o such_o point_n which_o have_v a_o manifest_a reason_n and_o whereof_o no_o man_n be_v ignorant_a or_o doubtful_a to_o wit_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v to_o be_v well_o drive_v and_o beat_v down_o close_o with_o a_o rammer_n that_o it_o may_v lie_v fast_o about_o the_o root_n which_o cato_n judge_v to_o be_v a_o principal_a point_n for_o to_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o business_n who_o also_o give_v a_o rule_n that_o the_o place_n where_o a_o tree_n be_v cut_v in_o the_o body_n shall_v be_v plastre_v over_o with_o dung_n cover_v over_o also_o and_o fast_o tie_v with_o leaf_n chap._n xii_o ¶_o of_o the_o space_n and_o distance_n that_o ought_v to_o be_v between_o tree_n plant_v of_o their_o shadow_n and_o dropping_n of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o shall_v be_v plant_v it_o belong_v to_o this_o place_n proper_o for_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o distance_n between_o tree_n and_o tree_n in_o the_o set_n some_o writer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o pomegranate_n tree_n myrtle_n tree_n &_o laurel_n shall_v be_v plant_v thick_a than_o ordinary_a howbeit_o with_o this_o regard_n that_o they_o be_v set_v 9_o foot_n a_o sunder_a one_o from_o another_o as_o for_o apple_n tree_n they_o may_v stand_v a_o little_a more_o at_o large_a pear_n tree_n somewhat_o wide_a than_o they_o almond_n tree_n and_o fig_n tree_n yet_o a_o little_a
thereof_o if_o fig_n do_v the_o like_a there_o will_v be_v oil_n lees_n cast_v upon_o they_o other_o tree_n when_o they_o be_v amiss_o or_o do_v mislike_v aught_o to_o be_v drench_v with_o wine_n lees_n and_o lupin_n if_o they_o be_v set_v about_o their_o root_n will_v help_v they_o the_o water_n also_o or_o decoction_n wherein_o lupin_n be_v sodden_a pour_v about_o the_o root_n of_o apple_n tree_n or_o such_o like_a do_v they_o much_o good_a if_o it_o happen_v to_o thunder_v about_o the_o feast_n vulcanalia_fw-la fig_n will_v fall_v from_o the_o tree_n the_o remedy_n thereof_o be_v to_o strew_v the_o plot_n before_o with_o barley_n straw_n will_v you_o have_v hasty_a cherry_n lay_v lime_n to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n it_o will_v cause_v they_o to_o ripen_v their_o fruit_n speedy_o of_o all_o fruit_n these_o hasty_a cherry_n will_v be_v pluck_v and_o gather_v as_o they_o ripen_v to_o the_o end_n that_o those_o which_o be_v leave_v behind_o may_v thrive_v and_o grow_v big_a and_o fair_a chap._n xxviii_o ¶_o many_o and_o sundry_a medicine_n serve_v for_o tree_n to_o wit_n remedy_n against_o venomous_a vermin_n and_o pismire_n likewise_o against_o all_o hurtful_a beast_n some_o tree_n there_o be_v which_o be_v the_o better_a for_o wrong_v and_o injury_n do_v unto_o they_o yea_o and_o if_o they_o be_v pinch_v or_o bite_v they_o shoot_v up_o the_o rather_o as_o date_n tree_n and_o the_o lentisk_n for_o even_o the_o very_a salt_n water_n nourish_v they_o and_o true_a it_o be_v that_o ash_n have_v the_o like_a nature_n and_o virtue_n that_o salt_n how_o beit_n more_o mild_a and_o gentle_a hereupon_o it_o come_v also_o that_o fig_n tree_n use_v to_o be_v strew_v therewith_o yea_o and_o to_o be_v wet_a with_o the_o juice_n of_o rue_n to_o the_o end_n that_o neither_o their_o fruit_n shall_v prove_v worm-eaten_a nor_o their_o root_n putrisie_n and_o rot_n moreover_o if_o vine_n be_v too_o full_a of_o moisture_n and_o apt_a to_o bleed_v overmuch_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a thing_n to_o pour_v salt_n water_n to_o their_o root_n also_o in_o case_n their_o grape_n be_v apt_a to_o fall_v folk_n use_v to_o take_v ash_n and_o be_v sprinkle_v they_o with_o vinegar_n and_o so_o to_o be_v smear_z the_o root_n therewith_o or_o else_o with_o red_a orpiment_n in_o case_n the_o grape_n be_v give_v to_o putrefaction_n say_v that_o vine_n be_v barren_a and_o will_v not_o bear_v grape_n their_o root_n ought_v to_o be_v well_o drench_v and_o daub_v with_o sharp_a vinegar_n and_o ash_n incorporat_a together_o but_o what_o if_o a_o vine_n bring_v not_o her_o fruit_n to_o full_a maturity_n before_o it_o begin_v to_o wax_v dry_a and_o to_o wither_v the_o superfluous_a wood_n ought_v to_o be_v cut_v away_o about_o the_o root_n and_o the_o cut_v together_o with_o the_o small_a string_n or_o beard_n of_o the_o root_n to_o be_v wet_a and_o soak_a in_o sharp_a vinegar_n and_o stale_a chamber-lee_n and_o then_o they_o shall_v be_v well_o cover_v and_o stop_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o mortar_n make_v therewith_o and_o often_o dig_v about_o as_o for_o olive_n if_o they_o make_v show_v of_o small_a increase_n their_o root_n must_v be_v bare_v and_o lay_v open_a to_o the_o cold_a in_o winter_n for_o by_o this_o manner_n of_o chastisement_n they_o will_v amend_v and_o do_v far_o better_o in_o all_o these_o remedy_n proceed_v we_o must_v according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o year_n for_o sometime_o the_o season_n require_v that_o the_o mean_n shall_v be_v soon_o use_v and_o otherwhiles_o late_a some_o plant_n there_o be_v that_o fire_n be_v good_a for_o and_o namely_o cane_n and_o reed_n for_o if_o they_o be_v burn_v they_o will_v come_v up_o again_o the_o thick_a and_o more_o smooth_a as_o for_o cato_n he_o have_v certain_a compound_n medicine_n for_o tree_n distinct_a by_o sundry_a measure_n by_o he_o prescribe_v for_o he_o have_v ordain_v to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o great_a tree_n a_o gallon_n amphore_n but_o of_o the_o less_o a_o thereabouts_o urna_fw-la only_o of_o oil_n dregs_n with_o a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n all_o which_o be_v temper_v together_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v pour_v by_o little_a &_o little_a to_o the_o root_n but_o they_o ought_v before_o to_o be_v dig_v about_o and_o lay_v bare_a and_o for_o the_o olive_n he_o add_v moreover_o that_o the_o root_n shall_v have_v a_o bed_n of_o litter_n or_o straw_n make_v before_o and_o then_o use_v accord_o in_o like_a manner_n also_o will_v the_o fig_n tree_n be_v serve_v but_o especial_o at_o the_o root_n of_o it_o there_o shall_v be_v raise_v a_o bank_n of_o old_a earth_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v it_o will_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o green_a fig_n will_v not_o fall_v they_o will_v bear_v more_o plenteous_o and_o the_o fruit_n be_v more_o smooth_a and_o pleasant_a to_o prevent_v in_o like_a manner_n that_o the_o worm_n gold-ring_n convolvulus_n breed_v not_o in_o a_o vine_n he_o appoint_v two_o gallon_n of_o oil_n dregs_n or_o lees_n to_o be_v boil_v first_o to_o the_o thick_a consistence_n of_o honey_n and_o then_o afterward_o to_o take_v a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o slime_n bitumen_n and_o a_o four_o part_n of_o brimstone_n and_o see_v all_o together_o again_o in_o the_o open_a air_n for_o within_o door_n there_o will_v be_v some_o danger_n of_o set_v the_o house_n a_o fire_n with_o this_o mixture_n if_o a_o vine_n be_v well_o anoint_v about_o the_o joint_n and_o under_o their_o hollow_a armpit_n he_o assure_v we_o that_o there_o will_v no_o such_o worm_n breed_v therein_o some_o content_n themselves_o to_o perfume_v vine_n only_o with_o the_o smoke_n of_o this_o composition_n so_o as_o it_o be_v do_v on_o the_o winde-side_n that_o it_o may_v carry_v the_o fume_n direct_o to_o they_o and_o this_o shall_v be_v continue_v for_o three_o day_n together_o many_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o wine_n be_v mingle_v with_o like_a quantity_n of_o water_n because_o alone_o of_o itself_o it_o be_v hurtful_a be_v as_o good_a for_o this_o purpose_n as_o the_o oil_n dregs_n above_o say_v which_o cato_n have_v prescribe_v another_o kind_n of_o vermin_n or_o worm_n there_o be_v that_o gnaw_v the_o tender_a bud_n or_o burgeon_n of_o the_o vine_n and_o the_o same_o be_v call_v volvox_n to_o preserve_v vine_n from_o this_o harmful_a creature_n man_n be_v wont_a to_o take_v their_o vine-hook_n when_o they_o be_v new_o ground_n and_o sharpen_v then_o to_o scour_v they_o with_o a_o beaver_n skin_n and_o with_o they_o to_o prune_v the_o vine_n or_o else_o after_o they_o be_v prune_v to_o anoint_v they_o with_o bear_v blood_n moreover_o ant_n or_o pismire_n make_v foul_a work_n otherwhile_o among_o tree_n if_o you_o will_v drive_v they_o away_o daub_v the_o stock_n or_o butt_n end_n with_o red_a sinopre_a and_o tar_n remper_v together_o or_o do_v but_o hang_v up_o any_o fish_n near_o by_o and_o all_o the_o pismire_n will_v leave_v their_o former_a haunt_n and_o gather_v about_o it_o other_o make_v no_o more_o ado_n but_o stamp_n lupin_n with_o oil_n and_o therewith_o anoint_v the_o root_n many_o there_o be_v who_o kill_v both_o they_o and_o mouldwarp_v with_o oil_n dregs_n also_o against_o palmer-worm_n or_o caterpillar_n and_o to_o keep_v apple_n from_o rot_v they_o give_v order_n for_o to_o anoint_v the_o top_n twig_n and_o branch_n end_v of_o tree_n with_o the_o gall_n of_o a_o green_a lizard_n but_o more_o particular_o against_o the_o say_a caterpillar_n they_o will_v have_v a_o woman_n while_o her_o monthly_a sickness_n be_v upon_o she_o to_o go_v round_o about_o every_o tree_n by_o itself_o barefooted_a and_o barelegged_a unbrace_v and_o unlace_v and_o her_o hair_n hang_v about_o her_o ear_n moreover_o to_o preserve_v tree_n from_o wild_a and_o noisome_a beast_n that_o none_o of_o they_o come_v near_o to_o bruise_v and_o mar_v their_o green_a spring_n they_o do_v appoint_v to_o be_v spreint_a their_o leaf_n with_o green_a cow_n or_o ox_n shearne_v and_o water_n together_o between_o some_o shower_n that_o 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