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effect_n of_o gravity_n or_o libration_n for_o a_o body_n say_v he_o free_o leave_v to_o its_o self_n in_o a_o fluid_a medium_n will_v settle_v itself_o in_o such_o a_o posture_n as_o will_v best_o answer_v to_o its_o gravity_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v uniform_o balance_v there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o it_o shall_v incline_v at_o one_o end_n more_o than_o at_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o sun_n this_o he_o illustrate_v by_o the_o similitude_n of_o a_o ship_n equal_o balance_v and_o place_v north_n and_o south_n under_o the_o equator_fw-la but_o after_o all_o this_o argument_n and_o similitude_n i_o can_v see_v as_o yet_o no_o reason_n why_o the_o axis_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a more_o than_o any_o other_o of_o its_o diameter_n for_o it_o be_v demonstarted_a by_o the_o
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have_v shut_v up_o the_o sea_n with_o thick_a wall_n on_o every_o side_n and_o take_v away_o all_o communication_n that_o can_v be_v betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o external_a earth_n he_o have_v remove_v all_o the_o hill_n and_o mountain_n where_o the_o spring_n use_v to_o rise_v and_o whence_o the_o river_n descend_v to_o water_v the_o face_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o last_o he_o have_v leave_v no_o issue_n for_o these_o river_n no_o ocean_n to_o receive_v they_o or_o any_o place_n to_o disburden_v themselves_o into_o so_o that_o his_o new_a find_v world_n be_v like_a to_o be_v a_o dry_a and_o barren_a wilderness_n and_o so_o far_o from_o be_v paradisaical_a that_o it_o will_v scarce_o be_v habitable_a these_o indeed_o be_v great_a difficulty_n and_o the_o theorist_n have_v acknowledge_v they_o to_o be_v such_o for_o he_o say_v there_o be_v nothing_o in_o his_o whole_a theory_n that_o give_v so_o rude_a a_o stop_n to_o his_o thought_n as_o that_o part_n of_o it_o concern_v the_o river_n of_o the_o first_o earth_n but_o as_o the_o difficulty_n be_v great_a and_o as_o one_o will_v think_v insuperable_a so_o no_o doubt_n the_o glory_n that_o redound_v to_o the_o theorist_n must_v be_v nothing_o less_o if_o they_o be_v clear_o take_v away_o to_o understand_v therefore_o what_o the_o state_n of_o the_o primitive_a river_n and_o water_n will_v be_v he_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o consider_v and_o examine_v how_o the_o rain_n fall_v in_o the_o first_o earth_n and_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o a_o will_v be_v very_o different_a from_o what_o it_o be_v now_o there_o can_v be_v no_o violent_a motion_n there_o nor_o any_o thing_n that_o proceed_v from_o extremity_n of_o cold_a as_o ice_n snow_n or_o hail_n and_o as_o for_o wind_n they_o can_v neither_o be_v impetuous_a nor_o irregular_a in_o that_o earth_n of_o he_o see_v there_o be_v no_o mountain_n nor_o any_o other_o inequality_n to_o obstruct_v the_o course_n of_o the_o vapour_n nor_o any_o unequal_a season_n nor_o unequal_a action_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o as_o for_o water_n meteor_n dew_n and_o rain_n there_o can_v not_o but_o be_v plenty_n of_o these_o in_o some_o part_n or_o other_o of_o that_o earth_n for_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o raise_v vapour_n be_v very_o strong_a and_o very_o constant_a and_o the_o earth_n be_v at_o first_o moist_a and_o soft_a and_o according_a as_o it_o grow_v more_o dry_a the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v pierce_v more_o deep_a into_o it_o and_o reach_v at_o length_n the_o great_a abyss_n which_o lie_v underneath_o and_o be_v a_o unexhausted_a storehouse_n of_o new_a vapour_n now_o the_o same_o heat_n which_o extract_v these_o vapour_n so_o copious_o will_v also_o hinder_v they_o from_o condense_v into_o rain_n in_o the_o warm_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o there_o be_v no_o mountain_n or_o contrary_a wind_n or_o any_o such_o cause_n to_o stop_v or_o compress_v they_o they_o will_v take_v their_o course_n where_o they_o be_v least_o resist_v which_o be_v towards_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o cold_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o east_n and_o west_n they_o will_v meet_v with_o as_o warm_v a_o air_n and_o vapour_n as_o much_o agitate_a as_o themselves_o which_o therefore_o will_v not_o yield_v to_o their_o progress_n that_o way_n but_o north_n and_o south_n they_o will_v find_v a_o more_o easy_a passage_n so_o that_o the_o concourse_n of_o vapour_n which_o be_v raise_v chiefty_a about_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o middle_a part_n of_o it_o will_v be_v towards_o the_o extreme_a part_n or_o the_o pole_n when_o these_o vapour_n thus_o drive_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v arrive_v in_o the_o cool_a region_n near_o the_o pole_n they_o will_v be_v condense_v into_o rain_n for_o want_v there_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o agitation_n namely_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n their_o motion_n will_v soon_o begin_v to_o languish_v and_o they_o will_v fall_v close_o to_o one_o another_o in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n thus_o he_o think_v he_o have_v find_v a_o sufficient_a source_n for_o water_n in_o the_o first_o earth_n which_o will_v never_o fail_v neither_o diminish_v nor_o overflow_v but_o though_o he_o esteem_v this_o a_o inexhaustible_a store-house_n and_o a_o easy_a way_n to_o furnish_v water_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v narrow_o examine_v he_o will_v find_v it_o not_o in_o the_o least_o sufficient_a for_o such_o a_o effect_n for_o first_o according_a to_o his_o own_o hypothesis_n there_o can_v be_v no_o river_n for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o earth_n till_o the_o sun_n have_v crack_v the_o outward_a crust_n thereof_o and_o its_o heat_n have_v reach_v the_o great_a abyss_n which_o the_o theorist_n must_v needs_o own_o will_v require_v a_o very_a considerable_a space_n of_o time_n one_o will_v think_v it_o will_v be_v several_a hundred_o of_o year_n before_o the_o sun_n heat_n can_v perform_v such_o a_o effect_n during_o all_o which_o time_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v be_v without_o water_n and_o river_n and_o lead_v very_o sad_a and_o uncomfortable_a life_n be_v this_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o golden_a age_n or_o be_v this_o consistent_a with_o the_o happiness_n of_o the_o antediluvian_a father_n in_o my_o opinion_n it_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o scripture_n for_o they_o give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o river_n immediate_o after_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o 2_o dly_a i_o will_v hereafter_o prove_v that_o the_o sun_n beam_n do_v never_o yet_o reach_v so_o deep_a in_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o first_o crustation_n must_v have_v be_v and_o consequent_o there_o never_o can_v arise_v any_o vapour_n from_o the_o abyss_n to_o furnish_v the_o river_n 3_o dly_z suppose_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o have_v crack_v the_o crust_n and_o to_o have_v raise_v vapour_n from_o the_o abyss_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o can_v not_o do_v it_o in_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o furnish_v the_o earth_n with_o water_n and_o now_o the_o theorist_n will_v tell_v we_o what_o can_v be_v more_o sufficient_a than_o the_o whole_a orb_n of_o water_n sure_o this_o will_v do_v or_o else_o nothing_o can_v this_o he_o will_v say_v be_v a_o inexhaustible_a treasure_n that_o the_o river_n can_v never_o drain_v and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o want_n of_o water_n from_o thence_o yes_o there_o be_v reason_n to_o fear_v it_o very_o much_o for_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v enough_o in_o the_o abyss_n yet_o perhaps_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v not_o raise_v so_o much_o as_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o water_v the_o earth_n so_o there_o may_v be_v enough_o of_o gold_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o if_o we_o can_v come_v at_o it_o we_o shall_v never_o be_v the_o rich_a for_o it_o that_o i_o may_v examine_v this_o i_o will_v suppose_v that_o the_o mouth_n of_o these_o crack_n which_o the_o sun_n be_v say_v to_o have_v make_v by_o its_o heat_n to_o be_v a_o 1_o 10000_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o will_v exceed_v 2600_o square_a mile_n which_o i_o think_v be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o theorist_n can_v reasonable_o allow_v they_o for_o if_o it_o be_v but_o one_o continue_a crack_n round_o the_o equator_fw-la of_o a_o mile_n breadth_n it_o will_v not_o exceed_v 25000._o mile_n 2_o dly_z i_o will_v suppose_v with_o the_o theorist_n that_o one_o half_a of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o present_a earth_n be_v land_n and_o the_o other_o be_v sea_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o mouth_n of_o those_o pit_n or_o crack_n must_v be_v one_o five_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a of_o the_o now_o ocean_n now_o it_o be_v evident_a
be_v will_v not_o be_v perpetual_a nor_o last_v many_o thousand_o of_o year_n if_o one_o consider_v the_o effect_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v have_v upon_o it_o and_o the_o water_n under_o it_o dry_v and_o parch_v the_o one_o and_o rarify_n the_o other_o into_o vapour_n for_o according_a to_o he_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v such_o at_o that_o time_n that_o there_o be_v no_o diversity_n or_o alteration_n of_o season_n in_o the_o year_n as_o there_o be_v now_o by_o reason_n of_o which_o alteration_n of_o season_n our_o earth_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o equality_n of_o temper_n the_o contrary_a season_n balance_v one_o another_o so_o that_o what_o moisture_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o summer_n suck_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v repair_v again_o in_o rains_n the_o next_o winter_n and_o what_o chap_n be_v make_v in_o it_o be_v fill_v up_o and_o the_o earth_n be_v reduce_v to_o its_o former_a constitution_n but_o if_o we_o shall_v imagine_v a_o continual_a summer_n the_o earth_n will_v proceed_v in_o dryness_n still_o more_o and_o more_o and_o the_o crack_n will_v be_v wide_a and_o pierce_v deep_o into_o the_o substance_n of_o it_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n therefore_o according_a to_o the_o theorist_n act_v continual_o upon_o the_o earth_n will_v have_v reduce_v it_o in_o the_o space_n of_o some_o hundred_o of_o year_n to_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o dryness_n in_o certain_a part_n and_o will_v also_o have_v much_o rarify_v and_o exhale_v the_o water_n under_o it_o so_o that_o consider_v the_o structure_n of_o that_o globe_n the_o exterior_a crust_n and_o the_o water_n under_o it_o he_o think_v it_o may_v be_v fit_o compare_v to_o a_o aeolipile_n or_o a_o hollow_a sphere_n with_o water_n in_o it_o which_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n rarefy_v and_o turn_v into_o vapour_n or_o wind_n the_o sun_n here_o be_v the_o fire_n and_o the_o exterior_a earth_n the_o shell_n of_o the_o aeolipile_n and_o the_o abyss_n the_o water_n within_o it_o as_o 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the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v reach_v so_o far_o as_o the_o great_a abyss_n to_o rarify_v the_o water_n thereof_o first_o then_o i_o have_v prove_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o this_o examination_n that_o there_o be_v hill_n and_o mountain_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n as_o there_o be_v now_o in_o we_o i_o have_v also_o show_v that_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v then_o incline_v the_o same_o way_n to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a from_o thence_o it_o plain_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v then_o the_o same_o variety_n of_o season_n and_o alternation_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n that_o there_o be_v now_o in_o our_o earth_n and_o by_o consequence_n all_o the_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o great_a heat_n and_o strong_a action_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o the_o antediluvian_n earth_n must_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n there_o be_v then_o no_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n on_o the_o earth_n than_o there_o be_v at_o present_a but_o 2_o dly_a there_o be_v place_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o island_n of_o barbadoes_n and_o some_o other_o island_n near_o the_o aequator_fw-la where_o there_o be_v little_a or_o no_o variety_n of_o season_n or_o alteration_n of_o the_o sun_n heat_n but_o it_o continue_v to_o shine_v very_o strong_o upon_o they_o throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n and_o yet_o in_o none_o of_o they_o be_v there_o any_o of_o these_o great_a chap_n and_o crack_n which_o the_o theorist_n say_v be_v make_v in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n by_o the_o strong_a action_n of_o the_o sun_n though_o it_o have_v shine_v above_o thrice_o as_o long_o upon_o these_o island_n as_o it_o do_v upon_o the_o antediluvian_n world_n 3_o dly_a it_o be_v certain_a that_o if_o we_o judge_v according_a to_o experience_n that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o reach_v far_o into_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o its_o beam_n can_v go_v but_o a_o very_a little_a way_n into_o the_o crust_n for_o in_o vault_n and_o cave_n there_o be_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n of_o heat_n in_o summer_n and_o winter_n even_o though_o they_o have_v a_o communication_n with_o the_o open_a air_n and_o in_o the_o deep_a pit_n of_o the_o royal_a observatorie_n at_o paris_n it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o a_o thermometer_n place_v there_o in_o the_o cold_a day_n of_o winter_n do_v not_o sensible_o vary_v from_o what_o it_o be_v in_o the_o great_a heat_n in_o summer_n and_o they_o who_o work_n in_o mine_n can_v tell_v how_o little_a difference_n they_o observe_v of_o heat_n in_o the_o summer_n more_o than_o in_o the_o winter_n in_o place_n underground_o but_o if_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v penetrate_v for_o any_o considerable_a depth_n the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o when_o its_o heat_n be_v strong_a and_o most_o intense_a upon_o the_o surface_n it_o will_v also_o be_v most_o intense_a within_o the_o crust_n but_o the_o forementioned_a experiment_n do_v prove_v that_o within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v no_o sensible_a difference_n between_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n when_o its_o action_n be_v strong_a from_o what_o it_o be_v when_o its_o action_n be_v weak_a since_o then_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o penetrate_v the_o earth_n so_o as_o to_o be_v sensible_a even_o for_o the_o small_a space_n that_o we_o be_v able_a to_o dig_v through_o how_o can_v we_o imagine_v it_o possible_a that_o it_o shall_v ever_o reach_v the_o abyss_n through_o the_o whole_a exterior_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o heat_v the_o water_n and_o raise_v it_o into_o vapour_n but_o that_o i_o may_v bring_v this_o point_n to_o a_o calculation_n as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v suppose_v that_o the_o heat_n cause_v by_o the_o direct_a influence_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o any_o surface_n be_v always_o all_o other_o thing_n be_v the_o same_o as_o the_o quantity_n of_o ray_n of_o heat_n which_o fall_v upon_o that_o surface_n which_o i_o believe_v the_o theorist_n will_v allow_v i_o will_v also_o suppose_v that_o few_o ray_n of_o heat_n pass_v through_o the_o solid_a orb_n than_o if_o it_o have_v be_v compose_v of_o several_a concentrical_a surface_n place_v at_o some_o distance_n from_o one_o another_o every_o one_o of_o which_o transmit_v only_o the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o ray_n of_o heat_n which_o fall_v upon_o it_o this_o i_o think_v may_v be_v also_o easy_o allow_v for_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o transmit_v the_o half_a nay_o not_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o the_o sun_n beam_n which_o fall_v upon_o it_o these_o thing_n be_v suppose_v it_o be_v plain_a that_o but_o one_o half_a of_o the_o ray_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o first_o surface_n will_v fall_v upon_o the_o second_o but_o one_o four_o of_o they_o upon_o the_o three_o one_o eight_o part_n of_o they_o upon_o the_o four_o and_o one_o sixteen_o part_n upon_o the_o five_o etc._n etc._n so_o that_o they_o will_v still_o decrease_v in_o a_o geometrical_a proportion_n of_o 2_o to_o 1_o and_o if_o there_o be_v but_o one_o hundred_o of_o these_o surface_n the_o number_n of_o ray_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o first_o will_v be_v to_o the_o number_n of_o ray_n which_o pass_v through_o to_o the_o last_o as_o 2_o 99_o to_o 1_o or_o as_o the_o ninty_a nine_o power_n of_o 2_o be_v to_o 1._o how_o great_a a_o disproportion_n than_o will_v there_o be_v between_o the_o number_n of_o those_o ray_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o first_o surface_n and_o those_o which_o fall_v upon_o the_o last_o for_o the_o ninty_a nine_o power_n of_o 2_o be_v a_o number_n which_o if_o write_v at_o length_n will_v
same_o swiftness_n with_o the_o po_n will_v pour_v into_o the_o sea_n one_o cubical_a mile_n of_o water_n in_o a_o day_n i_o must_v in_o the_o next_o place_n determine_v what_o proportion_n all_o the_o river_n in_o the_o earth_n bear_v to_o the_o po_n which_o to_o determine_v exact_o will_v be_v a_o task_n not_o easy_o to_o be_v perform_v but_o i_o think_v we_o may_v determine_v it_o near_o enough_o for_o our_o present_a purpose_n by_o suppose_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n receive_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o great_a river_n in_o any_o country_n be_v very_o near_o proportional_a to_o the_o extent_n and_o surface_n of_o that_o country_n and_o consequent_o the_o country_n which_o be_v water_v by_o the_o po_n and_o the_o river_n which_o run_v into_o it_o bear_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o whole_a dry_a land_n that_o the_o po_n do_v to_o all_o the_o river_n in_o the_o earth_n but_o i_o have_v observe_v from_o the_o exact_a map_n i_o can_v see_v 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the_o river_n run_v into_o it_o again_o since_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o theorist_n the_o abyss_n be_v the_o store-house_n which_o furnish_v the_o river_n of_o the_o antediluvian_n earth_n with_o water_n and_o none_o of_o they_o according_a to_o he_o run_v into_o it_o again_o and_o because_o all_o the_o water_n which_o be_v ancient_o in_o the_o abyss_n be_v now_o in_o the_o ocean_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o in_o the_o space_n of_o 812_o year_n it_o will_v be_v quite_o empty_a upon_o supposition_n that_o there_o be_v as_o many_o river_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n as_o there_o be_v now_o in_o we_o but_o because_o there_o be_v then_o twice_o as_o much_o land_n to_o be_v furnish_v with_o river_n there_o be_v then_o no_o sea_n as_o the_o theorist_n say_v we_o must_v in_o proportion_n allow_v twice_o as_o many_o river_n to_o water_v the_o double_a quantity_n of_o dry_a land_n and_o therefore_o by_o such_o a_o double_a quantity_n of_o river_n the_o abyss_n will_v be_v 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be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o deluge_n that_o it_o will_v have_v prove_v the_o true_a way_n to_o deliver_v the_o earth_n from_o a_o deluge_n of_o water_n which_o be_v then_o on_o it_o for_o all_o the_o water_n which_o be_v in_o the_o abyss_n be_v draw_v up_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o a_o spheroidical_a and_o oval_a shape_n without_o hill_n and_o mountain_n upper_a and_o low_a ground_n but_o exact_o of_o the_o same_o figure_n which_o its_o gravity_n and_o centrifugal_a force_n form_v it_o into_o when_o it_o be_v fluid_a the_o great_a mass_n of_o water_n which_o be_v then_o upon_o the_o earth_n must_v have_v settle_v itself_o also_o in_o the_o same_o figure_n it_o have_v no_o bank_n to_o retain_v it_o within_o its_o channel_n or_o mountain_n to_o keep_v it_o within_o bound_n and_o the_o true_a effect_n of_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o crust_n must_v have_v be_v to_o have_v discover_v the_o land_n and_o the_o water_n will_v have_v run_v from_o the_o 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nature_n never_o provide_v two_o distinct_a way_n to_o produce_v the_o same_o effect_n when_o one_o will_v serve_v but_o the_o increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o river_n according_a to_o wet_a and_o dry_a season_n of_o the_o year_n do_v sufficient_o show_v their_o origination_n from_o a_o superior_a circulation_n of_o rains_n and_o vapour_n for_o if_o they_o be_v furnish_v by_o vapour_n exhale_v from_o the_o abyss_n through_o subterraneous_a pipe_n and_o channel_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o this_o subterraneous_a fire_n which_o always_o act_v equal_o shall_v not_o always_o equal_o produce_v the_o same_o effect_n in_o dry_a weather_n that_o it_o do_v in_o wet_a beside_o this_o since_o the_o mountainous_a column_n be_v erect_v not_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n but_o stand_v immediate_o on_o that_o dense_a and_o heavy_a fluid_n which_o cover_v the_o central_a solid_a i_o can_v easy_o conceive_v how_o water_n shall_v ever_o come_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o fissure_v to_o be_v raise_v into_o vapour_n nor_o can_v i_o well_o conceive_v that_o prodigious_a heat_n that_o must_v be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v as_o much_o vapour_n through_o some_o small_a fissure_n in_o mountain_n as_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v able_a to_o do_v from_o the_o whole_a surface_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o know_v the_o maintainer_n of_o this_o opinion_n use_v to_o allege_v that_o there_o be_v spring_n and_o fountain_n on_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n which_o can_v easy_o be_v maintain_v by_o a_o superior_a circulation_n of_o vapour_n but_o i_o beg_v those_o gentleman_n pardon_n for_o i_o can_v give_v no_o credit_n to_o any_o such_o observation_n for_o i_o be_o well_o assure_v that_o there_o be_v none_o of_o those_o spring_n in_o some_o place_n where_o it_o be_v say_v they_o be_v and_o particular_o that_o learned_a and_o diligent_a observer_n of_o nature_n mr._n edward_n lloyd_n the_o keeper_n of_o the_o musaeum_fw-la ashmoleanum_n assure_v i_o that_o throughout_o all_o his_o travel_n over_o wales_n he_o can_v observe_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o run_a spring_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o mountain_n on_o these_o consideration_n i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o probable_a that_o river_n and_o spring_n proceed_v from_o vapour_n that_o be_v raise_v by_o a_o subterraneous_a heat_n through_o the_o fissure_v of_o the_o mountain_n i_o come_v now_o to_o consider_v the_o way_n mr._n whiston_n make_v use_v of_o to_o explain_v the_o formation_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n by_o which_o he_o say_v in_o the_o moysaicall_a account_n of_o the_o creation_n no_o other_o thing_n be_v understand_v than_o the_o render_n of_o they_o visible_a and_o conspicuous_a to_o a_o spectator_n on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o before_o the_o four_o day_n according_a to_o he_o the_o air_n be_v much_o crowd_v with_o thick_a and_o opake_v cloud_n which_o will_v very_o much_o darken_v the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o keep_v a_o spectator_n on_o it_o from_o 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they_o be_v real_o create_v when_o in_o scripture_n they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v on_o the_o four_o day_n of_o the_o mosaic_a creation_n 3_o dly_z mr._n whiston_n suppose_v that_o the_o sun_n act_v so_o very_o strong_o the_o second_o day_n of_o the_o creation_n on_o the_o earth_n that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o draw_v a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o vapour_n into_o the_o air_n such_o as_o be_v sufficient_a enough_o when_o they_o fall_v in_o rain_n to_o produce_v all_o the_o sea_n lake_n and_o river_n that_o be_v in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n but_o how_o the_o sun_n can_v have_v such_o a_o extraordinary_a influence_n on_o the_o earth_n without_o be_v visible_a be_v a_o question_n which_o i_o believe_v can_v be_v easy_o answer_v for_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n when_o it_o shine_v bright_a and_o clear_a and_o its_o influence_n when_o it_o be_v obscure_v with_o cloud_n and_o vapour_n indeed_o one_o will_v think_v that_o it_o will_v 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be_v visible_a even_o at_o that_o time_n that_o be_v it_o must_v have_v be_v visible_a before_o it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v make_v which_o can_v be_v imagine_v in_o whatever_o sense_n we_o take_v the_o word_n make_v indeed_o i_o can_v but_o think_v it_o strange_a that_o mr._n whiston_n shall_v suppose_v that_o there_o be_v some_o hundred_o of_o time_n more_o water_n draw_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o one_o half_a year_n than_o there_o be_v now_o exhale_a from_o our_o earth_n in_o double_a that_o time_n since_o he_o himself_o acknowledge_v that_o we_o do_v every_o day_n enjoy_v more_o of_o its_o heat_n and_o light_n than_o the_o primitive_a earth_n can_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v do_v for_o a_o considerable_a space_n of_o time_n this_o
as_o happen_v from_o pure_a mechanical_a principle_n and_o cause_n and_o the_o true_a reason_n why_o there_o remain_v no_o record_n or_o tradition_n of_o fact_n do_v in_o the_o time_n beyond_o four_o or_o five_o thousand_o year_n be_v because_o there_o have_v happen_v a_o deluge_n the_o memory_n of_o which_o be_v still_o preserve_v and_o this_o deluge_n be_v the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o natural_a cause_n do_v sweep_v away_o all_o mankind_n and_o with_o they_o the_o memorial_n of_o all_o former_a age_n only_o a_o couple_n of_o ignorant_a country_n people_n some_o way_n or_o other_o save_v themselves_o from_o the_o universal_a catastrophe_n and_o from_o their_o offspring_n the_o earth_n be_v again_o replenish_v and_o art_n and_o science_n invent_v which_o our_o forefather_n before_o that_o deluge_n understand_v more_o perfect_o than_o we_o do_v now_o this_o they_o will_v tell_v you_o be_v their_o hypothesis_n and_o they_o will_v not_o be_v beat_v easy_o from_o it_o since_o it_o may_v be_v defend_v as_o well_o as_o any_o other_o philosophical_a theory_n which_o pretend_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o origination_n of_o the_o world_n and_o be_v as_o precarious_a as_o their_o own_o system_fw-la of_o principle_n which_o they_o pretend_v be_v very_o possible_a since_o several_a philosopher_n have_v show_v various_a way_n how_o there_o may_v have_v happen_v so_o universal_a a_o deluge_n from_o mechanical_a principle_n and_o the_o necessary_a law_n of_o motion_n thus_o we_o see_v how_o these_o flood-maker_n have_v give_v the_o atheist_n a_o argument_n to_o uphold_v their_o cause_n which_o i_o think_v can_v only_o be_v true_o answer_v by_o prove_v a_o universal_a deluge_n from_o mechanical_a cause_n altogether_o impossible_a and_o therefore_o i_o design_v to_o show_v that_o the_o most_o ingenious_a theory_n frame_v upon_o that_o account_n come_v far_o short_a of_o the_o design_n of_o the_o framer_n and_o that_o the_o great_a and_o wonderful_a effect_n which_o they_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v can_v never_o have_v rise_v from_o the_o cause_n they_o assign_v this_o i_o intend_v to_o do_v by_o show_v that_o their_o theory_n be_v neither_o consonant_n to_o the_o establish_a law_n of_o motion_n nor_o to_o the_o acknowledge_a principle_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n of_o that_o philosophy_n i_o mean_v which_o be_v found_v upon_o observation_n and_o calculation_n both_o which_o be_v undoubted_o the_o most_o certain_a principle_n that_o a_o philosopher_n can_v build_v upon_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o think_v that_o a_o system_fw-la of_o natural_a philosophy_n can_v be_v frame_v without_o the_o assistance_n of_o both_o for_o without_o observation_n we_o can_v never_o know_v the_o appearance_n and_o force_n of_o nature_n and_o without_o geometry_n &_o arithmetic_n we_o can_v never_o discover_v whether_o the_o cause_n we_o assign_v be_v proportional_a to_o the_o effect_n we_o pretend_v to_o explain_v this_o the_o various_a system_n of_o the_o philosopher_n do_v evident_o show_v which_o be_v by_o far_o more_o distant_a from_o the_o truth_n than_o they_o be_v from_o one_o another_o and_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v appear_v yet_o plain_o by_o the_o follow_a examination_n of_o dr._n burnet_n theory_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o though_o it_o have_v be_v publish_v many_o year_n and_o have_v be_v animadvert_v upon_o by_o several_a yet_o it_o have_v not_o be_v so_o full_o refute_v as_o it_o may_v have_v be_v nor_o have_v any_o one_o show_v the_o great_a mistake_n in_o it_o nay_o mr._n erasmus_n warren_n who_o have_v write_v the_o great_a volume_n against_o it_o in_o my_o opinion_n have_v speak_v the_o least_o sense_n about_o it_o he_o begin_v his_o discourse_n with_o a_o say_n of_o a_o old_a heathen_a that_o philosophy_n be_v the_o great_a gift_n that_o ever_o god_n bestow_v on_o man_n which_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v since_o he_o have_v be_v at_o so_o much_o pain_n to_o make_v a_o panegyric_n on_o the_o usefulness_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v plain_a to_o any_o who_o will_v be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o read_v his_o book_n that_o god_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o bestow_v but_o very_o little_a of_o that_o great_a gift_n upon_o he_o and_o that_o the_o world_n may_v not_o think_v that_o this_o be_v say_v out_o of_o ill_a nature_n and_o without_o ground_n i_o will_v give_v they_o a_o taste_n of_o his_o philosophy_n geometry_n or_o geography_n call_v it_o which_o you_o please_v he_o design_n to_o calculate_v how_o much_o cold_o the_o pole_n will_v be_v if_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o a_o oval_a figure_n than_o if_o it_o be_v perfect_o spherical_a to_o do_v which_o he_o suppose_v that_o a_o circle_n form_v into_o a_o moderate_a oval_n will_v have_v its_o pole_n at_o least_o a_o forty_o part_n far_o distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la than_o if_o it_o be_v perfecty_a spherical_a 116._o now_o according_a to_o this_o proportion_n allow_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v 7000._o mile_n in_o diameter_n and_o add_v a_o four_o part_n to_o render_v it_o oval_a viz._n 1750_o mile_n thickness_n the_o earth_n at_o each_o pole_n must_v bear_v above_o fourteen_o degree_n latitude_n more_o than_o if_o it_o have_v be_v round_o so_o that_o the_o hypothesis_n which_o remove_v its_o pole_n so_o much_o far_o from_o the_o sun_n must_v also_o allow_v the_o cold_a thereabouts_o to_o be_v proportionable_o augment_v and_o though_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o four_o degree_n of_o latitude_n as_o we_o must_v call_v it_o on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la that_o be_v at_o the_o very_a pole_n there_o may_v have_v be_v a_o perpetual_a day_n etc._n etc._n this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n i_o ever_o hear_v that_o there_o can_v be_v more_o than_o ninety_o degree_n between_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o he_o think_v he_o have_v fair_o make_v it_o out_o that_o there_o can_v be_v a_o huâ—dred_o and_o four_o degree_n between_o they_o &_o therefore_o there_o must_v be_v four_o hundred_o &_o sixteen_o degree_n in_o the_o whole_a circumference_n and_o then_o every_o right_a angle_n be_v only_o proportioonal_a to_o ninety_o degree_n there_o must_v be_v more_o than_o four_o right_a angle_n about_o one_o point_n and_o therefore_o the_o corollary_n of_o the_o 13_o the_o of_o the_o first_o of_o euclid_n must_v be_v false_a thus_o have_v that_o subtle_a philosopher_n not_o only_o subvert_v dr._n burnet_n theory_n but_o also_o euclid_n demonstration_n and_o that_o by_o a_o argument_n which_o the_o dull_a mathematician_n can_v never_o discover_v but_o i_o will_v leave_v euclid_n to_o his_o mercy_n and_o answer_v that_o part_n of_o his_o argument_n that_o concern_v the_o theory_n which_o be_v easy_o do_v if_o he_o will_v consider_v that_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n distance_n from_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n distance_n from_o the_o sun_n even_o though_o the_o earth_n be_v ten_o time_n more_o oval_a than_o he_o will_v have_v it_o be_v so_o very_o inconsiderable_a that_o it_o do_v almost_o bear_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a that_o a_o point_n do_v to_o a_o line_n for_o the_o mathematician_n know_v that_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v but_o a_o point_n in_o respect_n of_o its_o distance_n from_o the_o sun_n and_o therefore_o two_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o sun_n centre_n to_o any_o two_o point_n of_o it_o be_v very_o near_o in_o a_o proportion_n of_o equality_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a distance_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o sun_n there_o can_v be_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a but_o i_o be_o afraid_a this_o be_v a_o little_a too_o far_o beyond_o mr._n warren_n capacity_n however_o to_o surprise_v he_o a_o little_a more_o i_o will_v tell_v he_o he_o be_v so_o far_o out_o in_o his_o account_n of_o the_o cold_a at_o the_o pole_n that_o though_o the_o north_n pole_n be_v much_o cold_a in_o the_o winter_n than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o summer_n yet_o be_v it_o some_o hundred_o thousand_o of_o mile_n near_o to_o the_o sun_n in_o winter_n than_o in_o summer_n if_o he_o please_v to_o consult_v the_o astronomer_n they_o can_v demonstrate_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o to_o he_o i_o beg_v mr._n warren_n pardon_n for_o bring_v he_o into_o this_o place_n i_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v favourable_a to_o he_o he_o be_v one_o of_o my_o associate_n against_o dr._n burnet_n but_o i_o be_v willing_a to_o produce_v he_o as_o a_o instance_n to_o show_v how_o unfit_a a_o man_n who_o understand_v no_o geometry_n be_v to_o write_v a_o book_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o theory_n i_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o book_n of_o philosophy_n write_v with_o a_o more_o lofty_a and_o plausible_a stile_n than_o it_o be_v the_o noble_a and_o
and_o consequent_o the_o one_o will_v descend_v when_o the_o other_o can_v as_o for_o example_n suppose_v a_o sphere_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n be_v put_v into_o a_o oily_a fluid_n who_o resistance_n be_v just_o equal_a to_o the_o force_n of_o gravity_n in_o the_o descend_a body_n there_o be_v a_o aequilibrium_fw-la the_o former_a will_v swim_v in_o the_o latter_a now_o if_o another_o sphere_n of_o two_o inch_n diameter_n and_o of_o the_o same_o intensive_a gravity_n be_v put_v in_o the_o same_o fluid_a in_o gravity_n or_o force_n by_o which_o it_o will_v separate_v the_o particle_n of_o the_o fluid_a will_v be_v eight_o time_n great_a than_o the_o descend_a force_n of_o the_o former_a sphere_n and_o if_o in_o resistance_n be_v also_o eight_o time_n great_a it_o be_v plain_a that_o it_o also_o can_v not_o descend_v but_o the_o resistance_n be_v always_o as_o i_o note_v before_o as_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o descend_a body_n be_v only_o in_o the_o present_a case_n four_o time_n great_a which_o will_v not_o equal_v the_o force_n of_o its_o gravity_n and_o therefore_o the_o sphere_n must_v descend_v so_o in_o our_o present_a case_n though_o some_o small_a grain_n of_o dust_n or_o earth_n may_v swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o oil_n yet_o these_o when_o increase_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o great_a many_o other_o which_o fall_v upon_o they_o augment_v their_o weight_n the_o same_o resistance_n continue_v and_o must_v fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n beside_o this_o the_o earthy_a particle_n fall_v from_o a_o great_a height_n some_o of_o they_o descend_v from_o place_n as_o high_a as_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o theorist_n will_v have_v they_o must_v needs_o in_o their_o descent_n â—â—â—â—ire_v a_o very_a considerable_a degree_n of_o velocity_n with_o which_o fall_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oily_a orb_n they_o will_v not_o only_o by_o that_o force_n descend_v themselves_o but_o also_o carry_v down_o with_o they_o and_o condense_a whatsoever_o body_n they_o meet_v in_o their_o way_n or_o find_v swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n now_o that_o the_o force_n of_o a_o descend_a body_n be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o perform_v this_o effect_n i_o think_v be_v clear_a to_o any_o who_o consider_v that_o a_o heavy_a body_n run_v down_o fifteen_o foot_n in_o a_o second_o and_o that_o the_o space_n through_o which_o it_o do_v move_v be_v always_o in_o duplicate_v proportion_n to_o its_o time_n as_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o galileo_n and_o confirm_v by_o the_o experiment_n of_o riscioli_n from_o whence_o by_o calculation_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o a_o body_n will_v run_v down_o four_o thousand_o mile_n in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o three_o second_n abstract_v from_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o air_n but_o if_o we_o will_v suppose_v but_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o this_o space_n run_v through_o in_o that_o time_n allow_v all_o the_o rest_n for_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la yet_o even_o in_o that_o case_n the_o velocity_n will_v far_o exceed_v that_o of_o the_o swift_a bullet_n that_o can_v be_v shoot_v out_o of_o a_o cannon_n thus_o i_o think_v i_o have_v make_v it_o evident_a that_o the_o particle_n of_o earth_n after_o fall_v through_o the_o air_n can_v not_o rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oily_a orb_n to_o form_v there_o a_o harden_a habitable_a 〈◊〉_d not_o only_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o great_a gravity_n which_o the_o theorist_n acknowledge_v and_o be_v also_o plain_a by_o experience_n common_a earth_n be_v near_o twice_o as_o heavy_a as_o water_n but_o also_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o great_a force_n by_o which_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n fall_v upon_o the_o liquid_a orb_n which_o will_v carry_v they_o down_o towards_o the_o centre_n i_o hope_v now_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o any_o think_v man_n plain_o impossible_a that_o either_o oil_n or_o water_n shall_v sustain_v such_o a_o immense_a heavy_a orb_n in_o which_o be_v not_o only_o the_o soft_a earth_n which_o in_o few_o place_n in_o ten_o foot_n deep_a but_o also_o a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o stone_n and_o mineral_n much_o heavy_a than_o water_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o great_a heavy_a body_n must_v have_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n if_o they_o be_v leave_v to_o themselves_o and_o yet_o these_o body_n make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o outward_a earth_n i_o know_v the_o theorist_n do_v bold_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v neither_o metal_n nor_o mineral_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n but_o this_o be_v both_o contrary_a to_o reason_n and_o scripture_n for_o the_o holy_a scripture_n tell_v we_o that_o tuhal_v cain_n before_o the_o flood_n be_v a_o instructor_n of_o every_o artificer_n in_o brass_n and_o iron_n and_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v how_o there_o can_v be_v such_o artificer_n before_o the_o flood_n when_o according_a to_o he_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n to_o be_v see_v as_o metal_n beside_o it_o be_v hardly_o possible_a to_o build_v a_o ark_n that_o shall_v contain_v all_o the_o terrestrial_a and_o aerial_a animal_n without_o iron_n the_o american_n without_o any_o iron_n make_v themselves_o small_a cannoe_n of_o one_o solid_a piece_n of_o timber_n which_o they_o hollow_v by_o burn_v but_o it_o will_v be_v a_o strange_a tree_n that_o be_v of_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o ark_n and_o can_v contain_v so_o many_o animal_n as_o it_o do_v these_o thing_n do_v in_o my_o judgement_n plain_o show_v that_o the_o theorist_n opinion_n in_o this_o point_n be_v utter_o false_a from_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v clear_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o fabric_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d can_v never_o be_v deduce_v from_o a_o chaos_n by_o the_o sole_a help_n of_o mechanical_a principle_n and_o natural_a cause_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a to_o any_o one_o who_o have_v eye_n though_o there_o have_v be_v some_o wise_a philosopher_n of_o another_o opinion_n that_o the_o land_n be_v high_a than_o the_o water_n and_o it_o be_v also_o plain_o experience_v that_o common_a arable_a earth_n or_o clay_n be_v much_o heavy_a than_o water_n and_o if_o we_o descend_v into_o the_o mine_n or_o pit_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o matter_n there_o to_o be_v three_o or_o four_o time_n heavy_a than_o the_o earth_n above_o now_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o what_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o in_o a_o chaos_n the_o true_a change_n that_o will_v follow_v from_o mechanical_a principle_n and_o natural_a cause_n be_v that_o if_o all_o be_v fluid_a the_o heavy_a &_o solid_a body_n will_v subside_v and_o fall_v to_o the_o centre_n every_o one_o take_v place_n according_a to_o the_o specific_a gravity_n so_o that_o the_o light_a body_n will_v always_o be_v force_v uppermost_o the_o earth_n therefore_o be_v heavy_a than_o the_o water_n must_v of_o necessary_a place_n itself_o nigh_o the_o centre_n and_o leave_v the_o water_n to_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a orb._n thus_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o world_n 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to_o these_o rule_n be_v first_o the_o origination_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o a_o chaos_n which_o as_o it_o be_v deliver_v down_o to_o we_o by_o moses_n must_v be_v undoubted_o own_v by_o those_o who_o acknowledge_v the_o divine_a inspiration_n of_o that_o writer_n but_o as_o the_o theorist_n method_n of_o form_v the_o world_n be_v not_o agreeable_a to_o the_o mosaic_a history_n so_o i_o think_v i_o have_v show_v that_o it_o be_v repugnant_a also_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o gravitation_n which_o by_o his_o method_n can_v never_o have_v produce_v any_o habitable_a world_n 2_o dly_z the_o form_n of_o the_o antediluvian_n world_n which_o the_o theorist_n say_v be_v smooth_a regular_a and_o uniform_a without_o mountain_n and_o without_o a_o sea_n this_o he_o assert_n to_o be_v a_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o its_o rise_n from_o a_o chaos_n but_o i_o have_v prove_v that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o necessary_a that_o a_o earth_n arise_v from_o a_o chaos_n shall_v be_v uniform_a and_o smooth_a as_o he_o suppose_v i_o have_v also_o show_v the_o great_a use_n of_o mountain_n and_o how_o necessary_a they_o be_v for_o our_o subsistence_n in_o the_o present_a earth_n and_o that_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v place_v here_o without_o design_n as_o the_o theorist_n imagine_v that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o thing_n in_o nature_n that_o show_v more_o of_o wisdom_n and_o contrivance_n than_o they_o do_v be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o furnish_n and_o maintain_v river_n with_o fresh_a water_n which_o be_v a_o demonstration_n that_o they_o be_v in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n as_o well_o as_o they_o be_v in_o we_o 3_o dly_z the_o right_a position_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_n which_o i_o have_v prove_v to_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v excellent_a and_o fit_v for_o a_o paradisiacal_a world_n that_o it_o will_v make_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o habitable_a i_o have_v also_o inquire_v into_o the_o great_a advantage_n we_o reap_v from_o the_o present_a position_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_n which_o be_v by_o far_o preferable_a to_o any_o other_o especial_o to_o the_o perpendicular_a position_n of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a 4_o thly_a the_o method_n the_o theorist_n have_v find_v out_o to_o form_v the_o antediluvian_n river_n when_o there_o be_v no_o sea_n to_o furnish_v they_o with_o water_n or_o any_o channel_n or_o ocean_n to_o receive_v they_o this_o i_o have_v prove_v to_o be_v impossible_a on_o several_a account_n since_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v never_o bring_v up_o so_o much_o vapour_n from_o the_o abyss_n as_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o furnish_v all_o the_o river_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o water_n and_o though_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o vapour_n be_v draw_v
from_o the_o abyss_n in_o place_n near_o the_o equinoctial_a as_o he_o suppose_v yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o it_o shall_v ever_o reach_v the_o pole_n there_o to_o form_v the_o spring_n from_o which_o the_o river_n be_v to_o run_v or_o if_o vapour_n be_v once_o bring_v to_o the_o pole_n by_o whatever_o cause_n we_o can_v imagine_v yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o they_o shall_v ever_o run_v back_o from_o the_o pole_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la since_o according_a to_o he_o the_o earth_n be_v perfect_o smooth_a and_o uniform_a without_o any_o upper_a ground_n from_o whence_o the_o water_n be_v to_o descend_v to_o the_o low_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n 5_o thly_a the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o theorist_n right_o affirm_v not_o to_o have_v be_v exact_o spherical_a because_o at_o the_o commencement_n of_o the_o diurnal_a rotation_n it_o be_v fluid_a all_o the_o part_n of_o it_o will_v endeavour_v to_o recede_v from_o the_o axis_n of_o their_o motion_n but_o as_o he_o have_v guess_v that_o it_o do_v settle_v into_o a_o oblong_a spheroidical_a or_o oval_a figure_n on_o no_o other_o account_n that_o i_o know_v of_o but_o because_o he_o think_v such_o a_o one_o will_v best_o answer_v his_o design_n so_o i_o think_v i_o have_v clear_o enough_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o earth_n have_v form_v itself_o into_o a_o quite_o contrary_a figure_n who_o axis_n be_v short_a than_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o i_o have_v prove_v from_o observation_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v real_o of_o such_o a_o figure_n 6_o thly_a the_o cause_v the_o theorist_n have_v assign_v for_o the_o break_n of_o the_o outward_a crust_n which_o he_o affirm_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o this_o i_o have_v clear_o prove_v to_o be_v a_o cause_n altogether_o insufficient_a for_o such_o a_o effect_n since_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v never_o reach_v so_o far_o into_o so_o thick_a a_o crust_n as_o to_o be_v great_a enough_o to_o raise_v water_n into_o vapour_n but_o last_o grant_v the_o crust_n to_o have_v be_v break_v and_o to_o have_v fall_v down_o into_o the_o abyss_n yet_o i_o have_v prove_v from_o the_o theorist_n own_o principle_n that_o there_o can_v follow_v no_o universal_a deluge_n there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n throughout_o the_o whole_a examination_n i_o have_v observe_v the_o theorist_n advice_n and_o have_v consider_v only_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o theory_n without_o make_v any_o excursion_n upon_o thing_n that_o be_v accidental_a and_o collateral_a which_o as_o he_o say_v do_v not_o destroy_v his_o hypothesis_n these_o be_v the_o main_a foundation_n on_o which_o his_o theory_n be_v build_v and_o since_o i_o have_v prove_v they_o all_o to_o be_v not_o only_o precarious_a but_o impossible_a his_o whole_a hypothesis_n must_v fall_v with_o they_o perhaps_o many_o of_o his_o reader_n will_v be_v sorry_a to_o be_v undeceive_v for_o as_o i_o believe_v never_o any_o book_n be_v full_a of_o error_n and_o mistake_v in_o philosophy_n so_o none_o ever_o abound_v with_o more_o beautiful_a scene_n and_o surprise_a image_n of_o nature_n but_o i_o write_v only_o to_o those_o who_o may_v perhaps_o expect_v to_o find_v a_o true_a philosophy_n in_o it_o they_o who_o read_v it_o as_o a_o ingenious_a romance_n will_v still_o be_v please_v with_o their_o entertainment_n finis_fw-la some_o remarke_n on_o m_n r._n whiston_n theory_n of_o the_o earth_n though_o i_o think_v it_o impossible_a to_o give_v a_o true_a and_o mechanical_a account_n of_o that_o great_a deluge_n of_o water_n which_o once_o overflow_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n it_o be_v a_o work_n not_o to_o be_v perform_v without_o the_o extraordinary_a contrivance_n of_o the_o divine_a power_n yet_o i_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v that_o mr._n whiston_n the_o ingenious_a author_n of_o this_o new_a theory_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v make_v great_a discovery_n and_o proceed_v on_o more_o philosophical_a principle_n than_o all_o the_o theorist_n before_o he_o have_v do_v in_o his_o theory_n there_o be_v some_o very_a strange_a co-incident_n which_o make_v it_o indeed_o probable_a that_o a_o comet_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n pass_v by_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v surprise_v to_o observe_v the_o exact_a correspondence_n between_o the_o lunar_a and_o solar_a year_n upon_o the_o supposition_n of_o a_o circular_a orbit_n in_o which_o the_o earth_n move_v before_o the_o deluge_n it_o can_v but_o raise_v admiration_n in_o we_o when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n be_v in_o its_o perihelion_n which_o will_v be_v the_o necessary_a effect_n of_o a_o comet_n that_o pass_v by_o at_o that_o time_n in_o draw_v it_o from_o a_o circular_a to_o a_o elliptical_a orbit_n this_o together_o with_o the_o consideration_n that_o the_o moon_n be_v exact_o in_o such_o a_o place_n of_o its_o orbit_n at_o that_o time_n as_o equal_o attract_v with_o the_o earth_n when_o the_o comet_n pass_v by_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o very_a convince_a argument_n that_o a_o comet_n real_o come_v very_o near_o and_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n on_o the_o day_n the_o deluge_n begin_v but_o notwithstanding_o this_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v be_v evident_a by_o the_o follow_a consideration_n that_o a_o comet_n can_v never_o have_v produce_v those_o various_a effect_n that_o mr._n whiston_n have_v attribute_v to_o it_o and_o it_o will_v also_o further_o appear_v that_o the_o deluge_n be_v the_o immediate_a work_n of_o the_o divine_a power_n and_o that_o no_o secondary_a cause_n without_o the_o interposition_n of_o omnipotence_n can_v have_v bring_v such_o a_o effect_n to_o pass_v but_o first_o i_o will_v make_v some_o remark_n on_o the_o origin_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n and_o method_n by_o which_o mr._n whiston_n suppose_v it_o be_v form_v mr._n whiston_n first_o hypothesis_n be_v that_o the_o ancient_a chaos_n the_o origin_n of_o our_o earth_n be_v the_o atmosphere_n of_o a_o comet_n but_o this_o supposition_n though_o he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v it_o by_o several_a argument_n do_v not_o seem_v probable_a for_o the_o reason_n follow_v first_o the_o scripture_n represent_v the_o primitive_a ancient_a chaos_n as_o a_o very_a dark_a and_o obscure_a body_n for_o they_o say_v that_o it_o be_v without_o form_n and_o void_a and_o that_o darkness_n be_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o deep_a this_o will_v further_o appear_v by_o the_o next_o verse_n where_o god_n be_v say_v to_o have_v make_v light_n upon_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o creation_n which_o be_v a_o clear_a proof_n that_o there_o be_v none_o before_o that_o time_n but_o that_o the_o whole_a chaos_n be_v original_o a_o dark_a and_o confuse_a heap_n of_o body_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a by_o the_o testimony_n of_o all_o those_o who_o have_v make_v any_o observation_n about_o comet_n that_o their_o atmosphere_n be_v very_o bright_a and_o luminous_a fluid_n through_o which_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n diffuse_v themselves_o very_o free_o and_o many_o of_o they_o be_v again_o reflect_v back_o to_o we_o and_o indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v their_o pellucidness_n and_o the_o vast_a quantity_n of_o light_n which_o pass_v through_o they_o without_o reflection_n it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o imagine_v how_o they_o shall_v appear_v so_o lucid_a to_o our_o eye_n nor_o do_v i_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o find_v among_o all_o the_o pellucid_a body_n of_o our_o earth_n any_o one_o which_o be_v place_v at_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o we_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o comet_n be_v will_v appear_v so_o bright_a or_o reflect_v the_o light_n so_o strong_o as_o they_o do_v for_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o diaphanous_a body_n be_v not_o so_o luminous_a nor_o do_v they_o reflect_v light_n in_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o it_o be_v reflect_v from_o opake_v body_n it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o the_o light_n by_o which_o we_o perceive_v a_o comet_n be_v only_o reflect_v from_o the_o top_n of_o its_o atmosphere_n and_o that_o it_o do_v not_o pass_v through_o the_o body_n of_o it_o to_o illuminate_v all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v therefore_o involve_v in_o thick_a darkness_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o light_n pass_v clear_o through_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o illuminate_v the_o central_a solid_a which_o strong_o reflect_v the_o light_n to_o we_o back_o again_o i_o know_v mr._n whiston_n suppose_v that_o this_o great_a darkness_n mention_v in_o the_o scripture_n proceed_v from_o the_o subside_v of_o the_o vast_a dense_n and_o heavy_a fluid_a or_o large_a abyss_n which_o he_o say_v encompass_v the_o central_a solid_a and_o be_v itself_o cover_v over_o
surface_n of_o the_o land_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n be_v equal_a to_o a_o cylinder_n who_o base_a be_v equal_a to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o land_n and_o its_o height_n two_o mile_n and_o because_o in_o two_o mile_n there_o be_v eight_o quarter_n of_o one_o mile_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o water_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o cover_v the_o land_n must_v be_v equal_a to_o eight_o ocean_n of_o water_n which_o together_o with_o the_o other_o twelve_o make_v twenty_o ocean_n of_o water_n but_o because_o the_o whole_a land_n be_v not_o so_o thick_o cover_v with_o hill_n as_o i_o have_v suppose_v it_o be_v indeed_o not_o possible_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v and_o because_o there_o be_v but_o few_o hill_n so_o high_a as_o i_o have_v suppose_v they_o all_o to_o be_v we_o must_v at_o least_o allow_v two_o ocean_n more_o on_o these_o two_o account_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a amount_n to_o two_o and_o twenty_o ocean_n of_o water_n which_o together_o with_o the_o water_n that_o do_v now_o compose_v the_o present_a ocean_n make_v three_o and_o twenty_o ocean_n of_o water_n which_o be_v the_o least_o that_o can_v be_v necessary_a for_o a_o universal_a deluge_n if_o the_o height_n of_o the_o great_a hill_n be_v four_o mile_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ocean_n as_o most_o probable_o it_o be_v by_o varenius_n calculation_n the_o water_n that_o must_v be_v require_v to_o drown_v the_o whole_a earth_n must_v be_v no_o less_o than_o twenty_o eight_o ocean_n of_o water_n but_o i_o will_v here_o suppose_v there_o be_v no_o more_o water_n than_o what_o be_v require_v by_o the_o former_a supposition_n though_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o mr._n whiston_n to_o suppose_v all_o this_o or_o even_o a_o much_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o a_o comet_n yet_o i_o believe_v he_o will_v not_o find_v it_o so_o easy_a a_o task_n to_o remove_v it_o again_o from_o the_o earth_n he_o himself_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o air_n can_v receive_v and_o sustain_v but_o very_o inconsiderable_a quantity_n of_o it_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o entire_a mass_n of_o water_n which_o then_o lie_v on_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o this_o water_n can_v descend_v through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v of_o the_o earth_n which_o of_o necessity_n must_v have_v be_v all_o full_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n for_o water_n can_v lie_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n till_o all_o the_o crack_n holes_n and_o fissure_v in_o it_o be_v first_o fill_v this_o be_v so_o evident_o certain_a both_o to_o sense_n and_o experience_n that_o i_o think_v it_o beyond_o all_o contadiction_n true_a it_o be_v as_o impossible_a to_o make_v water_n lie_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n before_o all_o its_o crack_n pit_n and_o holes_n be_v fill_v as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v a_o vessel_n retain_v water_n who_o bottom_n be_v bore_v through_o with_o hole_n but_o though_o i_o shall_v suppose_v that_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v remain_v empty_a during_o the_o deluge_n which_o be_v indeed_o a_o impossible_a supposition_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o fissure_n can_v receive_v but_o little_o more_o water_n than_o what_o be_v at_o first_o derive_v from_o they_o for_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o mr._n whiston_n lie_v immediate_o on_o the_o dense_n and_o heavy_a abyss_n and_o water_n be_v light_a than_o it_o it_o be_v absolute_o impossible_a that_o ever_o water_n shall_v settle_v itself_o between_o the_o crust_n and_o the_o abyss_n it_o be_v therefore_o clear_a that_o no_o more_o water_n can_v descend_v through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v of_o the_o earth_n than_o what_o they_o be_v able_a to_o contain_v or_o what_o have_v first_o ascend_v through_o they_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o mr._n whiston_n suppose_v to_o be_v half_o the_o water_n necessary_a for_o make_v the_o deluge_n and_o must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o former_a calculation_n at_o least_o eleven_o ocean_n of_o water_n though_o indeed_o i_o can_v easy_o understand_v how_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o they_o to_o contain_v and_o receive_v so_o much_o what_o then_o can_v we_o imagine_v will_v become_v of_o the_o rest_n for_o after_o that_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v complete_o fill_v there_o will_v remain_v eleven_o ocean_n more_o to_o be_v dispose_v of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o imaginable_a place_n in_o the_o earth_n able_a to_o receive_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v clear_a even_o to_o a_o demonstration_n that_o all_o this_o water_n can_v never_o be_v remove_v by_o natural_a mean_n these_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o substantial_a point_n i_o have_v consider_v in_o mr._n whiston_n new_a theory_n i_o may_v have_v make_v several_a objection_n against_o other_o part_n of_o it_o and_o particular_o i_o may_v have_v take_v notice_n of_o some_o mistake_v he_o have_v make_v in_o geometry_n but_o because_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o theory_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o they_o i_o have_v pass_v they_o over_o if_o mr._n whiston_n will_v be_v please_v to_o make_v any_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n i_o have_v here_o make_v i_o will_v desire_v of_o he_o that_o whatsoever_o difficulty_n he_o design_n to_o remove_v he_o will_v do_v it_o by_o clear_a and_o distinct_a reason_n from_o mechanical_a principle_n if_o he_o find_v himself_o press_v with_o any_o objection_n which_o he_o can_v answer_v i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o he_o will_v have_v the_o ingenuity_n to_o own_v it_o i_o know_v there_o be_v some_o philosopher_n that_o never_o miss_v to_o tell_v their_o reader_n they_o reason_v clear_o and_o distinct_o when_o no_o body_n else_o can_v discover_v the_o consequence_n but_o themselves_o and_o when_o they_o be_v sore_o press_v with_o any_o difficulty_n they_o make_v a_o long_a discourse_n about_o some_o thing_n the_o reader_n know_v not_o what_o and_o endeavour_v to_o get_v off_o in_o a_o mist_n of_o word_n but_o i_o expect_v no_o such_o deal_n from_o one_o of_o mr._n whiston_n candour_n and_o sincerity_n finis_fw-la finis_fw-la dr._n burthogge_n burthogge_n see_v the_o preface_n and_o page_n 125._o first_o part_n and_o page_n 147._o part_n second_o oxford_z edition_n edition_n warren_n geology_n page_n 116._o 116._o philosophical_a transaction_n number_v 192._o 192._o see_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o 105_o the_o page_n page_n archaeologiae_fw-la philosoph_n p._n 320_o 321._o