Selected quad for the lemma: earth_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
earth_n	according_a	star_n	zone_n	19	3	12.3532	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51553	A tutor to astronomie and geographie, or, An easie and speedy way to know the use of both the globes, coelestial and terrestrial in six books : the first teaching the rudiments of astronomy and geography, the 2. shewing by the globes the solution of astronomical & geographical probl., the 3. shewing by the globes the solution of problems in navigation, the 4. shewing by the globes the solution of astrological problemes, the 5. shewing by the globes the solution of gnomonical problemes, the 6. shewing by the globes the solution of of [sic] spherical triangles : more fully and amply then hath ever been set forth either by Gemma Frisius, Metius, Hues, Wright, Blaew, or any others that have taught the use of the globes : and that so plainly and methodically that the meanest capacity may at first reading apprehend it, and with a little practise grow expert in these divine sciences / by Joseph Moxon ; whereunto is added Antient poetical stories of the stars, shewing reasons why the several shapes and forms are pictured on the coelestial globe, collected from Dr. Hood ; as also a Discourse of the antiquity, progress and augmentation of astronomie.	Moxon, Joseph, 1627-1691.; Hood, Thomas, fl. 1582-1598.	1659 (1659)	Wing M3021; ESTC R23159	189,557	267

the stars are expressed on the Globe in several shapes as may be seen in a small Table placed on the Globe for that purpose Now for your further satisfaction and delight I have inserted a Collection of D. Hoods wherein is expressed the measure of every Magnitude and the proportion it hath first to the Diameter and secondly to the Body of the Earth The greatness of any thing saith he cannot be better expressed then by comparing it to some common measure whose quantity is known The common measure whereby Astronomers express the greatness of the Stars is the Earth Sometimes they compare them with the Diameter of the Earth sometimes with the Globe thereof The Diameter according to their account which allow but 60 miles to a degree containeth 6822 8 11 miles and the whole soliditie of the Globe containes 165 042 481 283. miles and 79 137. According to Ptolome who allotteth to every degree 62½ miles the Diameter containeth 7159 miles 1 11 and the whole soliditie of the Globe hath 192 197 184 917 473 1331 miles The proportion of the Diameters of the fixed Stars Compared with the Diameter of the Earth The Diameter of a fixed Star of the first Magnitude compared with the Diameter of the Earth hath such proportion to it as 19 hath to 4 therefore it containeth the Diameter of the Earth 4 times and ¾ The Diameter of a Star of the second Magnitude is unto the Diameter of the Earth as 269 is to 60 therefore it containeth it 4 ⅙ times The Diameter of a fixed Star of the third Magnitude is unto the Diameter of the Earth as 25 unto 6 therefore it containeth it 4 ⅙ times The Diameter of a fixed Star of the fourth Magnitude is unto the Diameter of the Earth as 19 unto 5 therefore it containeth it 3 ⅘ times The Diam of a fixed Star of the fifth Mag is unto the Diameter of the Earth as 119 unto 36. therefore it containeth it 3 11 36 times The Diam of a fixed Star of the sixth Mag. is unto the Diame● of the Earth as 21 unto 8 therefore it containeth it ⅝ times As for the proportions of the cloudie and obscure Stars they are not expressed because they are but few and of no great account in respect of their smalness The proportions of the fixed Stars compared with the Globe of the Earth are as follow A Star of the first Magnitude is to the Globe of the Earth as 6859 to 64. therefore it containeth the Globe of the Earth 107 ⅙ times A Star of the second Magnitude is to the Globe of the Earth as 19465109 is to 216000. therefore it containeth it 90 ⅛ times A Star of the third Magnitude is to the Globe of the Earth as 15625 is unto 216 therefore it containeth it 72 ⅓ times A Star of the fourth Magnitude is to the Globe of the Earth as 6850 is unto 125 therefore it containeth the Globe of the Earth 54 11 12 times A Star of the fifth Magnitude is to the Globe of the Earth as 1685159 is unto 46656 therefore it containeth the Globe of the Earth 36 ⅛ times A Star of the sixth Magnitude is to the Globe of the Earth as 9261 is unto 512 therefore it containeth the Globe of the Earth 18 1 10 times I confess all this may seem matter of incredulity to those whose understanding is swayed by their visual sence but if they be capable to consider the vast distance of those Huge Bodies the Stars from the face of the Earth and also the diminutive quality of Distance their reason will be rectified and their incredulity turn'd into an acknowledgement of the unspeakable wisdom of Almighty God and they will say with the Psalmist Great is our Lord Great is his Power his Wisdom is infinite Psal. 147. 5. The distance of the Stars therefore from the Earth is according to M. John Dee's Computation 20081 ½ Semidiameters of the Earth The Semidiameter of the Earth containeth of our common miles 3436 4 11 Such miles as the whole Earth and Sea round about is 21600 allowing for every degree of the greatest Circle 60 miles so that the distance of the Stars from the Earth is in miles 69006540. Now as M. Dee saith almost in these same words if you weigh well with your self this little parcel of fruit Astronomical as concerning the bigness and distance of the Stars c. and the Huge massiness of the Starry Heaven you will find your Consciences moved with the Kingly Prophet to sing the confession of Gods Glory and say The Heavens Declare the Glory of God and the firmament sheweth forth the works of his Hands XIIII Of the Nature of the Stars To many of the Principal Stars there is in Planetical Characters prefixed their Planetical Natures The Astrologers make great use of them for knowing the nature of the Stars for those Stars that have the character of ♄ adjoined are said to be of the nature of ♄ those that have ♃ adjoined are of the nature of ♃ and so of the rest If a Star have the characters of two Planets adjoined that Star participates of both their Natures but most of that Planets whose character is first placed The use Astronomers make of those characters is for knowing that culler of any Star as if a Star have ♄ adjoined it is of the culler of ♄ if ♃ it is the culler of ♃ c. The fixed Stars are known from the Planets by their continual twinckling for the Planets never twinckle but the fixed Stars do XV. Of Via Lactea or the Milky way This subject because it is already so fully handled by D r. Hood that more then he hath written cannot well be said either of his own oppinion or other mens I think fit therefore to give you his own words which are as follow VIA LACTEA or Circulus Lacteus by the Latines so called and by the Greekes Galaxia and by the English the Milky way It is a broad white Circle that is seen in the Heaven In the North Hemisphear it beginneth at Cancer on each side the head thereof and passeth by Auriga by Perseus and Cassiopeia the Swan and the head of Capricorn the tayl of Scorpio and the feet of Centaur Argo the Ship and so unto the head of Cancer Some in a sporting manner do call it Watling street but why they call it so I cannot tell except it be in regard of the narrowness that it seemeth to have or else in respect of that great High way that lieth between Dover and S. Albons which is called by our men Watling street Concerning this Circle there are sundry opinions for there is great difference among some writers both touching the place matter and efficient cause thereof Aristotle dissenteth from all other both Philosophers and Poets in the place matter and cause of this Circle saying that it is a Meteor ingendred in the Air made of the vapors of the earth drawn up thither by

DUCTOR ad ASTRONOMIAM GEOGRAPHIAM vel usus GLOBI Celestis quam Terrestris In Libris sex viz. Astron. Geogr. Rudimē Astrō Geogr. Problē Nautica Problē Astrologica Problē Gnomonica Problē Sphaeric Triang Problē Per Josephum Moxon LONDINI Sumptibus Josephi Moxon A TUTOR to ASTRONOMIE and GEOGRAPHIE Or an Easie and speedy way to know the Use of both the GLOBES Coelestial and Terrestrial In six BOOKS The First teaching the Rudiments of Astronomy and Geography The 2. Shewing by the Globes the solution of Astronomical Geographical Probl. The 3. Shewing by the Globes the solution of Problemes in Navigation The 4. Shewing by the Globes the solution of Astrological Problemes The 5. Shewing by the Globes the solution of Gnomonical Problemes The 6. Of Spherical Triangles More fully and amply then hath ever been set forth either by Gemma Frisius Metius Hues Wright Blaew or any others that have taught the Use of the Globes And that so plainly and methodically that the meanest Capacity may at first reading apprehend it and with a little Practise grow expert in these Divine Sciences By Joseph Moxon Whereunto is added the Antient Poetical Stories of the Stars shewing Reasons why the several shapes and forms are pictured on the Coelestial Globe Collected from Dr Hood As also a Discourse of the Antiquity Progress and Augmentation of Astnonomie Psal. 111. 2. The Works of the Lord are great sought out of them that have pleasure therein Job 26. 13. By his Spirit he hath garnished the Heavens His hand hath framed the crooked Serpent LONDON Printed by Joseph Moxon and fold at his Shop on Corn-hill at the signe of Atlas 1659. A Catalogue of Books and Instruments Made and sold by Joseph Moxon at his shop on Corn-hil at the Signe of Atlas GLobes of all sizes Coelestial and Terrestrial Sphears according to the Ptolemean Tychonean Copernican Systeme The Catholick Planisphere call'd Blagrave's Mathematical Jewel made very exactly on Past-boards about 17. inches Diameter And a Book of the Use of it newly set forth by I. Palmer M. A. The Spiral Line Gunters Quadrant and Nocturnal Printed and pasted c. Stirrups Universal Quadrat Printed and Pasted c Sea-Plats Printed on Paper or Parchment and Pasted on Boards Wrights Corrections of Errors in the Art of Navigation The third Edition with Additions Vignola or the Compleat Architect useful for all Carpenters Masons Painters Carvers or any Gentlemen or others that delight in rare Building A new Invention to raise Water higher then the Spring With certain Engines to produce either Motion or Sound by the Water very useful profitable and delightful for such as are addicted to rare curiosities by Isaac de Caus. A Help to Calculation By J. Newton A Mathematical Manuel shewing the use of Napiers bones by J. Dansie A Tutor to Astrology with an Ephemeris for the Year 1659. intended to be Annually continued by W. E. Also all manner of Mathematical Books or Instruments and Maps whatsoever are sold by the foresaid Joseph Moxon To the Reader Courteous Reader IFormerly Printed a Book of the Use of the Globes Intituled A Tutor to Astronomy and Geography The Book was Composed by William Blaew but the Title was mine own and therefore I hope I may be the bolder to use it when and where I list The sale of that Impression had almost perswaded me to have Printed it again But when I considered it wanted many necessary Problemes both in Astronomy Navigation Astrology Dyalling and the whole Doctrine of Triangles by the Globe And also that the Examples throughout that Book were made for the Citty of Amsterdam which by the general sale of the Book I found rendred it less acceptable then it would have been if they had been made for London And when I considered that to add so many Problemes and alter all the Examples would both Metamorphose that Book and be as Laborious a work to me as if I should write a new one Then I resolved to take this Task upon me which at length with Gods Assistance I have finished And now expose it to thy acceptance The Globes is the first Studie a Learner ought to undertake for without a competent knowledge therein he will never be able to understand any Author either in Astronomy Astrology Navigation or Trigonometry Therefore my aim hath been to make the Use of then very plain and easie to the meanest Capacities In prosecution of which Designe I doubt the Learneder sort may be apt to Censure me guilty of Prolixity if not Tautology Because the Precepts being plain they may account some of the Examples Useless But I desire them to consider that I write not to expert Practitioners but to Learners to whom Examples may prove more Instructive then Precepts Besides I hope to encourage those by an ample liberal plainness to fall in love with these Studies that formerly have been disheartned by the Crabbed brevity of those Authors that have in Characters as it were rather writ Notes for their own Memories then sufficient Documents for their Readers Instructions The Globes for which this Book is written are the Globes I set forth about four years ago which as I told you in my Epistle to the Reader of Blaew's Book differs somewhat from other Globes and that both the Coelestial and the Terrestrial mine being the latest done of any and to the accomplishing of which I have not only had the help of all or most of the best of other Globes Maps Plats and Sea-drafts of New Discoveries that were then extant for the Terrestrial Globe but also the Advice and directions of divers learned and able Mathematicians both in England and Holland for Tables and Calculations both of Lines and Stars for the Coelestial upon which Globe I have placed every Star that was observed by Tycho Brahe one degree of Longitude farther in the Ecliptick then they are on any other Globes So that whereas on other Globes the places of the Stars were correspondent with their places in Heaven 58. Years ago when Tycho observed them and therefore according to his Rule want about 47. minutes of their true places in Heaven at this Time I have set every Star one degree farther in the Ecliptick and Rectified them on the Globe according to the true place they will have in Heaven in the Year 1671. On the Terrestrial Globe I have inserted all the New Discoveries that have been made either by our own or Forraigne Navigators and that both in the East West North and South parts of the Earth In the East Indies we have by these later Times many spacious Places discovered many Ilands inserted and generally the whole Draft of the Country rectified and amended even to the Coast of China Japan Giloli c. In the South Sea between the East and West Indies are scattered many Ilands which for the uncertain knowledge former Times had of them are either wholely left out of other Globes or else laid down so

the Moon is alwaies a part of a Circle therefore the Earth and Water which is the Body shadowing must also be a Circular or round Body for if it were three square four square or any other form then would the shadow which it makes in the Moon be of the same fashion Besides Of all figures the Sphear or Globe is most perfect most Capacious and most intire of it self without either joynts or Angles which form we may also perceive the Sun Moon and Stars to have and all other things that are bounded by themselves as Drops of Water and other liquid things But there is another frequent Argument against the Globulus form of the Earth and that is That it seems impossible that the Earth should be round and yet also Inhabible in all Places For though we that inhabite on the top of the Earth go with our heads upwards yet those that inhabite underneath us must needs go with their Heads downwards like Flyes on a Wall or Ceeling and so be in danger of falling into the Air. For Answer hereunto first You must understand that in the Center of the Earth there is an Attractive and drawing power which draws all heavy substances to it by vertue of which Attractive power things though loosed from the Earth will again incline and cling to the Earth and so much the more forcibly by how much the heavier they are as a bullet of Lead let fall out of the Air inclines towards the Earth far more violently and swiftly then a bullet of the same bigness of Wood or Cork Secondly you must understand that in respect of the whole Vniverse there is no part either upper or under but all parts of the Earth are alike incompast with Heaven yet in respect of the Earth it is Heaven which we take for the upper part and therefore we are said to go with our heads upwards because our head of all the parts of our body is nearest to Heaven Now that this Attractive power lies in the Center of the Earth is proved by this Argument If the Attractive power were not in the Center a Plumb-line let fall would not make Right Angles with the Superficies of the Earth but would eb Attracted that way the Attractive vertue lies and so make unequal Angles with the Superficies But by so many Experiments as hath yet been made we find that a Plumb-line continued though never so deep yet it alters no Angles with the Superficies of the Earth and therefore undoubtedly the Attractive power lies in the very Center and no where else CHAP. I. I. What a Globe is A Globe according to the Mathematical Definition is a perfect and exact round Body contained under one surface Of this form as hath been proved consists the Heavens and the Earth and therefore the Ancients with much pains Study and Industry endeavouring to imitate as well the imaginary as the real appearances of them both have Invented two Globes the one to represent the Heavens with all the Constellations fixed Stars Circles and Lines proper thereunto which Globe is called the Celestial Globe and the other with all the Sea Coasts Havens Rivers Lakes Cities Towns Hills Capes Seas Sands c. as also the Rhumbs Meridians Parallels and other Lines that serve to facilitate the Demostration of all manner of Questions to be performed upon the same and this Globe is called the Terrestrial Globe II. Of the two Poles Every Globe hath two Poles the one North the other South The North Pole is in the North point of the Globe The South Pole in the South point III. Of the Axis From the Center of the Globe both waies proceeds a line through both the Poles and continues it self infinitely which is called the Axis of the World and is represented by the two wyers in the Poles of the Globe Upon these two wyers the Globe is turned round even as the Heavens is imagined to move upon the Axis of the World IIII. Of the Brasen Meridian Every Globe is hung by the Axis at both the Poles in a Brasen Meridian which is divided into 360 degrees or which is all one into 4 Nineties the first beginning at the North Pole is continued from the left hand towards the right till the termination of 90 degrees and is marked with 10 20 30 c. to 90. from whence the degrees are numbred with 80 70 60 c. to 0. which is in the South Pole from whence again the degrees are numbred with 80 70 60 c. to 0 and lastly from 0 the degrees are numbred with 10 20 30 to 90. which is again in the North Pole This Brasen Meridian is of great use for by help of it you may find the Latitude of all Places the Declination of all the Stars c and rectifie the Globe to any Latitude V. Of the Horizon The Horizon is a broad wooden Circle encompassing the Globe having two notches in it the one in the North the other in the South point The notches are made just fit to contain the Brasen Meridian that the Globe is hung in In the bottom or under Plane of the Horizon there stands up a rop or as it is called a Bed in which there is also a notch into which notch the Brasen Meridian is also let so lo as that both it and the Globe may be divided into two equal halfs by the upper Plane of the wooden Horizon These Notches are as gages to keep the Globe from inclining more to the one side of the wooden Horizon then the other Upon the upper Plane of the Horizon is several Circles delineated as first the inner Circle which is a Circle divided into twelve equal parts viz. into twelve Signes every Signe having its name prefixed to it as to the Signe of ♈ is the word Aries to ♉ the word Taurus c. every Signe is again divided into 30 equal parts which are called Degrees and every tenth degree is marked with 10 20 30. Next to the Circle of Signes is a Kalender or Almanack according to the Old stile used by us here in England each Moneth being noted with its proper Name as January February March c. and every day distinguished with Arithmetical figures as 1 2 3 4 c. to the end of the Moneth The other Calender is a Calender of the New stile which is in a manner all one with the Old only in this Calender the moneth begins ten daies sooner then they do in the other and to this Calender because it was instituted by the Church of Rome there is annexed the Festival daies Celebrated by the Romish Church The two other Circles are the Circles of the Winds the innermost having their Greek and Latine names which by them were but twelve and the outermost having the English Nanes which for more preciseness are two and thirty The use of the upper Plane of the Horizon is to distinguish the Day from the Night the Rising and Setting of the Sun

the number of degrees that the Sun Moon or any Star is distant from the Equinoctial towards either Pole and hath a double Denomination viz. North Declination and South Declination for if the Sun Moon or Star swarve towards the North Pole they are said to have North Declination if towards the South Pole South Declination The Right Ascension is the number of degrees of the Equinoctial accounted from the first point of Aries which comes to the Meridian with the Sun Moon or Star or any other point in Heaven proposed The Oblique Ascension is the number of degrees of the Equinoctial which comes to the East side of the Horizon with the Sun Moon or any Star The Oblique Descension is the degrees of the Equinoctial which comes to the West side of the Horizon with the Sun Moon or any Star The Ascensional Difference is the number of degrees after subtraction of the Oblique Ascension from the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ●scension So many degrees as you are said to sail towards the Pole you are said to Raise the Pole and so many degrees as you sail from the Pole you are said to Depress the Pole Course is the point of the Compass you sail upon as if you sail East-wards it is an Easterly Course if West a Westerly Course c. Distance is the number of leagues you have sailed from any Place upon any Course A Zone is a space of Earth contained between two Parrallels The ancient Geographers made five Zones in the Earth Two Frozen Two Temperate and one Burnt Zone The two Frozen Zones are those parts of the Globe comprehended between the North Pole and the Arctick Circle and the South Pole and the Antarctick Circle by the Ancients called inhabitable because the Sun being alwaies far remote from them shoots its beams Obliquely upon them which Oblique beams are so very weak that all their Summer is but a continued Winter and the Winter as they thought impossible to be at all indured The Temperate Zones are the space of Earth contained between the Arctick Circle and the Tropick of ♋ and the Antarctick Circle and the Tropick of ♑ by the Ancients called Temperate and Habitable because they are composed of a sweet Mediocrity between outragious Heat and extremity of Cold. The Burnt Zone is the space of Earth contained between the Tropick of ♋ and the Tropick of ♑ called by the Ancients Unhabitable because in regard the Sun never moves out of this Zone but darts its Beames perpendicularly upon it they imagined the Air was so unsufferable Hot that it was impossible for any to inhabite in this Zone So that as you see they held the two Temperate Zones only habitable and the two Frozen Zones and one Burnt Zone altogether unpossible to be inhabited But their Successors either animated by industry or compeld by necessity have apparently confuted that Assertion for at this time many thousands can witness that their bloods are not so greasie as to be melted in the Scortching heat of the one or so watry as to be congealed in the Icy frosts of the other The Ancients have yet otherwise divided the Earth into four and twenty Northern Climates and four and twenty Southern Climates so that in all there is eight and forty Climates The Climates are altered according to the half hourly increasing of the longest daies for in the Latitude where the longest daies are increased half an hour longer then they are at the Equator viz. longer then 12 hours the first Climate begins and in the Latitude where they are increased an whole hour longer then in the Equator the second Climate begins where the daies are increased three half hours longer then in the Equator the third Climate begins and so onwards the Climates alter according as the longest day increases half an hour till you come to find the longest day 24 hours long Now the Ancients in those times knowing no more then nine Habitable Climates gave names only to nine The first they called Dia Meroes after the name of a famous Inland Iland which is scituate about the middle of that Climate and is now called Gueguere The second Climate they called Dia Syenes after the name of an eminent Citty in Egypt lying about the midst of that Climate The third Dia Alexanderas after the name of the Metropolitan Citty of Egypt The fourth Dia Rhodes The fifth Dia Romes The sixth Dia Ponton The seventh Dia Boristheneos The eighth Dia Ripheos The ninth Dia Daniam These names belong only to the Climates on the North side of the Equator But those on the South side in regard of the smal Discoveries those Ages had on that side the Equator were distinguisht only by the addition of the word Anti to the same Southerly Climate as the first Southern Climate which is that Climate that lies as many degrees to the South-ward as the first doth to the North-ward they called Anti Meroes The second Anti Syenes The third Anti Alexanderas and so on to the ninth In every Climate is included two Parallels which are of the same nature with the Climates save only that as the Climates alter by the half hourly increasing of the longest day the Parallels alter by the quarter hourly increasing of the longest day Furthermore in respect of the Horizon we find the Sphear constituted into a threefold Position as first into a Direct Sphear Secondly a Parallel Sphear Thirdly an Oblique Sphear A Direct Sphear hath both the Poles of the World in the Horizon and the Equinoctial transiting the Zenith In a Direct Sphear all the Circles Parallel to the Equator make right angles with the Horizon and are also divided into two equal parts by the Horizon and in a Direct Sphear the Sun Moon and Stars are alwaies twelve hours above the Horizon and twelve hours under the Horizon and consequently make twelve hours Day and twelve hours Night It is called a Direct Sphear because all the Celestial Bodies as Sun Moon and Stars c. by the Diurnal Motion of the Primum Mobile ascend directly above and descend directly below the Horizon They that inhabite under the Equator have the Sphear thus posited as in the Iland Borneo Sumaira Celebes St. Thomas a great part of Africk Peru in the West-Indies c. as you may see by the Globe it self if you move the Brasen Meridian through the notch in the Horizon till the Poles thereof touch the Horizon As in this Figure A Parallel Sphear hath one Pole of the VVorld in the Zenith the other in the Nadir and the Equinoctial line in the Horizon In a Parallel Sphear all the Circles Parallel to the Equinoctial are also Parallel to the Horizon and in a Parallel Sphear from the 10th of March to the 11th of September the Sun being then in the Northorly Signes and consequently on the North side the Horizon there is six Moneths Day