Selected quad for the lemma: earth_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
earth_n	according_a	reason_n	zone_n	20	3	12.2329	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A85532	The Antiquity & excellency of globes. What a globe is, and of the circles without the globe, what the horizon is with the things described thereon, also what the meridian is, the poles, axes, houre circle and index. Moreover of the circles which are described on the supersicies of the globes; of the equinoctiall circle, zodiack, and eccliptick, of the tropicks, what the artick and antartick circles are; of the verticall circles, and quadrant of latitude, of the zones and their numbers of climates and paralels. All which are proper to the celestiall and terrestriall globes, with their uses, profitable for all that would be instructed in geography.		1653 (1653)	Wing G1524; Thomason E689_27; ESTC R206953	18,791	33

and distance each particular constellation in the Heavens and every severall region and tract of ground in the earth together with certain circles both greater and lesser invented by artificers for the more ready computation of the same The greater circles we call those which divide the whole superficies of the Globe into equall parts or halfs and those the lesser which divide the same into two unequall parts Besides the body of the Globe it selfe there is also annexed a certaine frame with necessary instruments thereto belonging The Fabrick of the frame is thus first of all there is a base or foot to rest upon on which there are raised perpendicularly six pillars or columnes of equall length and distance upon the top of which there is fastned to a levell a round plate orcircle of wood which they call the Horizon because that the uppermost superficies thereof performs the office of the true Horizon for it divideth the whole Globe into 2 equal parts whereof that which was uppermost representeth unto us the visible Hemisphere and the other that which is hid from us So likewise the circle which divideth that part of the world which we see from the other which we see not is called the Horizon and that point which is directly over our heads in our Hemisphere and is on every side equadistant from the Horizon is commonly called Zenith and that point which is opposite to it in the lower Hemisphere is commonly written Nadir these two points are called also the Poles of the Horizon Furthermore upon the superficies of the Horizon in a materiall Globe there are described first the twelve signes of the Zodiack and each of these is divided againe into thirty lesser portions so that the whole horizon is divided into 360 parts which they also call degrees and every degree is divided into sixty parts also each of them is called a scruple or minute and so by the like subdivision of minutes into sixty parts will arise seconds and of these thirds and likewise fourths and fifths c. but the like partition still of each into sixty parts There is also described upon the Horizon the Roman Calender and that three severall ways to wit the ancient way which is still in use with us here in England and the new way appointed by Pope Gregory 23 wherein the Aequinoxes and Solstice were restored to the same places they were in at the time of the Celebration of the counsell of Nice and in the third the said Aequinoctiall and Solsticall points are restored to the places they were in at the time of our Saviour Christs nativity The months in the Calender are divided into dayes and weeks to which are annexed as their peculiar characters the 7 first letters of the Alphabet The innermost border of the Horizon is divided into thirty two parts according to the number of the winds which are observed by our moderne Sea-faring-men in their Navigations by which also they are wont to designe forth the quarters of the Heavens and the Coasts of Countries the names of the windes are set downe both in English and Latine in the Horizon of the materiall Globes The use of the Horizon is manifold First it divides the heavens into 2 Hemisphears Secondly it shews what stars never set and what never rise from under the earth and so likewise what stars doe both rise and set Thirdly it sheweth the cause of the equality and inequality of the artisiciall days and nights Fourthly it conduceth to the finding out of the latitude of any place Fifthly it is the cause of the rectitude and obliquity of the Sphear whereof we have occasion to speake more largely hereafter There is also let into this Horizon two notches opposite one to the other a circle of brasse making right angles with the said Horizon and placed so that it may be removed at pleasure up and down by those notches as need shall require This Circle is called the Meridian because that one side of it which is in like manner divided into 360 degrees supplyeth the office of the true Meridian Now the Meridian is one of greater circles passing through the Poles of the world and also of the Horizon to which when the Sun in his daily revolution is arrived in the upper Hemisphere it is mid-day and when it toucheth the same in the lower Hemisphear it is midnight at the place whose Meridian it is The Meridian which comes first to be considered is a great Circle compassing round the Earth from Pole to Pole and is that which you see in the circumference of both Planisphears of the Map and wherein are written the names of the Zones and Climates This chief first fixed Meridian passeth through the Islands called Azores according to the ancient Cosmographers and there are two reasons why they did there begin to reckon the longitude of the Earth First for that at that time there was no land known further to the Westerne then that place Secondly Under that Meridian the Needle in the Marriners compasse had no variation but did point directly North and South There be also many Meridians according to the divers places in which a man lives the number of them equall to so many points as may be imagined in the Globe but the usuall setting them known to view is by ten degrees asunder and are those black lines which you see in both Planisphears running downe along from the North to the South Pole The use of the Meridian is to shew the longitude of any place Now the longitude of a Region City or Cape is the distance of it East from the first great Meridian and this longitude is measured and numbred in the Aequinoctiall line by Meridians from the generall and fixed Meridian into the East and containeth the whole compasse of the Earth viz. 360. degrees To prove this by example cast your eye on London and you shall see it something to the East of the second black Meridian passe downe with that black line to the Aequinoctiall and look as much East there as London is from that Meridian above then count the degrees of the Aequinoctiall from the first great Meridian to that place and that distance is the longitude of London which you may perceive to be 20 degrees and better And the like manner of working is to be made for all other places That line full of degrees crossing both Planisphears straight along in the middle and dividing the world into two halfs viz. North and South halfs is called the Aequinoctiall line or the Aequator either because it is of equall distance from both Poles of the world or else because the Sunne comming in this Circle makes the dayes and nights throughout the world of a length which happens upon the 10. or 11. of March and the 13 or 14. of September It passes through Abassia or Prester Johns Kingdome and Manicongo in Africa through the great Island Sumatra and the Maldive Isles of Asia and in

America through Guiana The use of it is to shew the latitude of any Countrey City Promontory or the like Now the satitude is the distance of a place toward the South or North from the Aequinoctiall line or middle of the world and is reckoned and measured upon the Meridian toward either Pole Those therefore have Northerne latitude that inhabit between the Equinoctiall and the North Pole as they have Southerne latitude that are between the same Equator and the South Pole Those black lines thwarting the black Meridians from East to West are parallels and are also called Aequidistants being distant one from another 10 degrees toward both Poles and are here set downe for the easie counting the latitude of any place from the Aequinoctiall as for the latitude of London count so many decimall Parallels till you come to the Parellel which is nearest London you shall finde them to be five then follow that line to the Meridian and see the figures set thereat they are 50. moreover adde to that number of 50. so much as London is situate above that paralel the space is one degree and a halfe thus you shall finde the latitude of London that is the distance thereof from the Aequator toward the North Pole to be 51 degrees and a halfe and in like manner must the latitude of all other places be sought Thus much of Longitude and Latitude by which two the whole Earth is reckoned The Meridian and Aequinoctiall as also the Zodiack are filled throughout with degrees the number 360 and every degree consists of 60 minutes and containes according to our ordinary account 20. leagues or 60 miles The great circle that is drawn bending bias in one planisphear up to the Tropick of Cancer in the other down to the Tropick of Capricorne is the the Zodiack it is replenished with degrees and beares on it the Characters of the twelve signes The uses of it are to shew over what Countreys and people the body and beams of the Sun come perpendicular at some times or other in the year and it shews to all where the days increase and decrease the longest and shortest days of the year for the Sun which causeth the same being alwayes in this circle and therein moving about one degree a day all the while he is coming up from the Tropick of Capricorne to that of Cancer the dayes increase in the Northerne Climates but contrariwise in his course back from Cancer to Capricorne they shorten to us and lengthen to those in the Southerne Climates and this Circles shews the four quarter of the yeare Spring Summer Autumne Winter The Tropick of Cancer so called or the Caelestiall signe Cancer is a circle whose distance from the Equinoctiall toward the North is 23 degrees and a half When the Sun is come so far Northward as to touch this Circle then is our longest day in the year It passes through the Southermost parts of Barbary and Aegypt Arabia India China Nova Hispania and the Island Cuba The Tropick of Capricorne likewise so named of the sign Capricorne in the starry heaven is a circle of like distance at the other Tropick from the Aequinoctial Southward that is 23 degrees and a halfe When the Sun is gone downe to the Circle Southward it is our shortest day in the whole year This Tropick passes throngh Monomopata Saint Laurence Island Peru and South coasts of Brasile The Artick or North polar Circle is distant from the North Pole 23 degrees and a halfe so much as the Tropick of Cancer from the Aequinoctiall but the distance between that Tropick and it is 43 degrees You may see it passe through Island Norway Boddia Moscovy Tartary crosse Davis Straits and Greenland The Antartike or South polar Circle is distant from the South Pole 23. degrees and a halfe so far as the Tropick of Capricorne is from the Equinoctiall The Circle passes through Magellanica or Terra Australis Incognita onely Now these four lesser circles viz. the two Tropicks and Polar Circles doe fitly part the Earth into five Zones The Zones A Zone is a space of Earth contained between two of the smaller circles or within the compasse of either Polar Circle the name signifies as much as a girdle by reason that each Zone compasseth about the Earth in manner of a girdle Of these there be two kinds one temperate the other untemperate There be two temperate Zones the one North the other South The North temperate Zone is that space of earth contained between the Tropick of Cancer and the North Polar Circle The South temperate Zone is that space of earth stretched along between the Tropick of Capricorne and the South Polar Circle They are called temperate Zones for that the aire thereof hath a farre better and more moderate temperature and meeter for man to inhabit then the untemperate Zones The breadth of them is forty three degrees a piece which degrees make either temperate Zone to be 2580 English miles broad a piece The untemperate Zones are twofold one exceeding in the extremity of heat the other as much in cold they have been thought in former times altogether unhabitable but latter experience hath found them more fit for habitation The Torrid or burnt Zone which is the hot untemperate Zone is that space of heaven which you see contained between the Tropick of Cancer and that of Capricorne It hath the name of Torrid because the Sun continually passes thereover and casting downe direct rayes affects it with a marvellous heat thereby making it not so inconvenient for the Inhabitants as the temperate Zones are The breadth of this Zone is comprehended between the two Topicks and containes 47 degrees that is of English miles 2820. The frozen Zones are spaces of Earth inclosed within either of the Polar Circles of these there are two one North the other South The North frozen Zone is that space of Earth contained within the compasse of the North Polar Circle The breadth thereof reckoned twenty three degrees and a halfe viz. from the Pole it selfe to the Polar Circle which of English miles is 1410. The South frozen Zone is that space of Earth compassed all about with the South Polar Circle It hath the like breadth from the South Pole as the other frozen Zone hath from the North Pole and likewise the number of miles is the same They are called frozen Zones because they for the most part exceed in cold and that is caused in regard that the Sunne for a good part of the year is under the Horizon and sees them not and when he is come up into their sight his appearance which for a pretty long season together rather comforts them then any vertuall heat proceeding from him for there the aire is stuft with thick foggy vapours and his beames at highest fall but very oblilely on them so that what through his want and unability to dispel the cold and the colds force to resist and bear back the Suns heat