on_o every_o side_n â—…quidistant_n from_o the_o horzion_n be_v common_o â—…ailed_v zenith_n but_o the_o arabian_n name_v it_o seâ—…th_v but_o the_o former_a corrupt_a name_n have_v yet_o â—…revailed_v so_o that_o it_o be_v always_o use_v among_o wriâ—…ers_n general_o and_o that_o point_n which_o be_v oppoâ—…ite_a to_o it_o in_o the_o low_a hemisphere_n the_o arabiansâ—…all_a â—…all_z nathire_n but_o it_o be_v common_o write_v nadir_n these_o two_o point_n be_v call_v also_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o horizon_n furtheremore_n upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o hoâ—…izon_n in_o a_o material_a globe_n there_o be_v describe_v first_o the_o twelve_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la and_o â—…ach_v of_o these_o be_v again_o divide_v into_o twenty_o lesser_a portion_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a horizon_n be_v divide_v â—…nto_o 360._o part_n which_o they_o also_o call_v degree_n and_o if_o every_o degree_n be_v diuâ—…ded_v into_o sixty_o part_n â—…lso_o each_o of_o they_o be_v call_v a_o scruple_n or_o minute_n and_o so_o by_o the_o like_a subdivision_n of_o minutâ—…â—…nto_n fixty_n part_n will_v arise_v second_o and_o of_o these_o three_o and_o likewise_o four_o hâ—…_n and_o fifths_o etc._n etc._n by_o the_o like_a partition_n still_o of_o each_o into_o â—…xty_a part_n pont_n in_o the_o midst_n among_o these_o sign_n be_v there_o describe_v certain_a character_n to_o denote_v the_o particular_a planet_n to_o who_o dominion_n each_o sigâ—…_n do_v appertain_v next_o to_o this_o there_o be_v another_o section_n wherein_o be_v set_v down_o the_o several_a dayâ—…_n of_o every_o week_n after_o that_o follow_v the_o number_n of_o the_o day_n of_o every_o month_n throughout_o thâ—…_n whole_a year_n beside_o this_o number_n of_o the_o dayâ—…s_n each_o of_o they_o have_v in_o their_o several_a order_n some_o one_o of_o these_o three_o letter_n affix_v k._n n._n i._n signify_v the_o kalend_n nones_n and_o ides_n which_o term_n the_o ancient_a roman_n use_v in_o their_o account_n to_o signâ—…_n fie_o the_o day_n of_o every_o month_n for_o they_o do_v 〈◊〉_d reckon_v as_o we_o do_v now_o from_o the_o first_o day_n of_o every_o month_n to_o the_o 30._o or_o 31._o of_o the_o same_o but_o their_o account_n be_v according_a to_o the_o kalende_n noneâ—…_n and_o ides_n so_o that_o the_o first_o of_o each_o month_n wâ—…_n the_o kalend_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o day_n of_o the_o same_o month_n be_v not_o reckon_v forward_o but_o after_o a_o retrograde_a manner_n as_o for_o example_n the_o last_o day_n of_o december_n with_o we_o be_v the_o 31._o they_o call_v the_o second_o of_o the_o kalend_n or_o january_n and_o the_o 30._o of_o the_o same_o month_n the_o three_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o january_n thus_o reckon_v backward_o till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o ides_n which_o be_v the_o fourteen_o of_o december_n and_o the_o nineteen_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o january_n the_o like_a order_n they_o observe_v in_o the_o ides_n and_o nones_n also_o now_o what_o month_n have_v more_o or_o few_o kalend_n or_o nones_n may_v be_v find_v upon_o the_o horizon_n as_o we_o have_v say_v and_o as_o may_v be_v gather_v also_o out_o of_o these_o old_a verse_n majus_n sex_n nonas_fw-la october_n julius_n &_o mars_n quatuor_fw-la at_o reliqui_fw-la tenet_n idus_fw-la quilibet_fw-la octo_fw-la ind_n dies_fw-la reliquos_fw-la dic_fw-la omnes_fw-la esse_fw-la calendas_fw-la there_o be_v also_o describe_v upon_o the_o horizon_n the_o roman_a calendar_n and_o that_o three_o several_a way_n â—…o_o wit_n the_o ancient_a way_n which_o be_v still_o in_o use_n â—…ith_v we_o here_o in_o england_n and_o the_o new_a way_n apâ—…ointed_v by_o pope_n gregory_n 13._o wherein_o the_o eâ—…uinoxes_n &_o solstice_n be_v restore_v to_o the_o same_o â—…laces_n wherein_o they_o be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ceâ—…ebration_n of_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a and_o in_o the_o â—…hird_n the_o say_v equinoctial_a and_o solsticial_a point_n â—…re_v restore_v to_o the_o place_n that_o they_o be_v in_o at_o â—…he_a time_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ_n nativity_n the_o â—…onths_n in_o the_o calendar_n be_v divide_v into_o day_n â—…nd_a week_n to_o which_o be_v annex_v as_o their_o peâ—…uliar_a character_n the_o seven_o first_o letter_n of_o the_o latin_a alphabet_n which_o manner_n of_o design_v â—…he_a day_n of_o the_o month_n be_v first_o bring_v in_o by_o dionysius_n exigum_n a_o roman_a abbot_n after_o the_o council_n of_o niee_n the_o innermost_a border_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v divide_v into_o 32._o part_n according_a to_o the_o number_n â—…f_o the_o wind_n which_o be_v observe_v by_o our_o modeâ—…ne_n sea-fareing_a man_n in_o their_o navigation_n by_o â—…hich_v also_o they_o be_v wont_n to_o design_n forth_o the_o â—…uarters_n of_o the_o heaven_n &_o the_o coast_n of_o counâ—…ries_n for_o the_o ancient_n observe_v but_o four_o â—…inds_n only_o to_o which_o be_v after_o add_v four_o â—…ore_o but_o after_o age_n not_o content_a with_o this_o â—…umber_n increase_v it_o to_o twelve_o and_o at_o â—…ength_n they_o bring_v it_o to_o twenty_o four_o as_o 〈◊〉_d be_v note_n and_o now_o these_o latertime_n haâ—…e_v â—…ade_v they_o up_o thirty_o two_o the_o name_n whereoâ—…_n â—…oth_v in_o english_a and_o latin_a be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o â—…he_a horizon_n of_o material_a globe_n pont_n the_o true_a horizon_n be_v either_o rational_a or_o sensible_a the_o rational_a or_o intelligible_a horizoâ—…_n divide_v the_o the_o sphere_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n exact_o and_o these_o be_v call_v the_o upper_a and_o the_o low_a hemisphaere_n the_o sensible_a or_o apparent_a horizon_n be_v sâ—…_n call_v because_o it_o only_o seem_v to_o divide_v the_o heaven_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n or_o hemisphaere_n whereas_o indeed_o it_o do_v not_o divide_v it_o so_o exact_o but_o only_o seem_v so_o to_o do_v the_o rational_a horizon_n be_v also_o call_v the_o artificial_a because_o that_o it_o be_v bring_v in_o for_o the_o use_n of_o astronomy_n the_o use_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v manifold_a first_o it_o divide_v the_o heaven_n into_o two_o hemisphaere_n second_o it_o show_v what_o star_n never_o set_v and_o so_o what_o never_o rise_v from_o under_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o likewise_o what_o star_n do_v both_o rise_v and_o set_v three_o it_o show_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o equality_n and_o in_o equality_n of_o the_o artificial_a day_n and_o night_n four_o it_o conduee_v to_o the_o find_v out_o of_o the_o latitude_n of_o any_o place_n five_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o rectitude_n and_o obliquity_n of_o the_o sphere_n whereof_o we_o have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o large_o hereafter_o there_o be_v also_o let_v into_o this_o horizon_n two_o notch_n opposite_a one_o to_o the_o other_o a_o circle_n of_o brass_n make_v right_a angle_n with_o the_o say_a horizon_n and_o place_v so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v move_v at_o pleasure_n up_o and_o down_o by_o those_o notch_n aâ—…_n need_n shall_v require_v this_o circle_n be_v call_v the_o meridian_n because_o that_o one_o side_n of_o it_o which_o be_v merinian_n in_o like_a manner_n divide_v in_o 360._o degree_n supply_v the_o office_n of_o the_o true_a meridian_n now_o the_o meridian_n be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a circle_n pass_v through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n and_o also_o of_o the_o horizon_n to_o which_o when_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o daily_a revolution_n be_v arrive_v in_o the_o upper_a hemisphere_n it_o be_v midday_n and_o when_o it_o touch_v the_o same_o in_o the_o low_a hemisphere_n it_o be_v midnight_n at_o that_o place_n who_o meridian_n it_o be_v these_o two_o circle_n the_o horizon_n and_o meridian_n be_v various_a and_o mutable_a in_o the_o heaven_n and_o earth_n according_a as_o the_o place_n be_v change_v but_o in_o the_o material_a globe_n they_o be_v make_v fix_v and_o constant_a and_o the_o earth_n be_v make_v movable_a that_o so_o the_o meridian_n may_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o any_o place_n pont_n the_o usâ—…s_n of_o the_o 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so_o likewise_o posidonius_n be_v to_o be_v blame_v for_o set_v down_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o rhodes_n and_o alexandria_n to_o be_v 5000._o furlong_n and_o that_o from_o the_o relation_n of_o mariner_n whereas_o some_o of_o they_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v but_o 4000_o and_o other_o 5000._o as_o eratosthenes_n confess_v in_o strabo_n but_o add_v moreover_o that_o he_o himself_o have_v find_v by_o sciotericall_a instrument_n that_o it_o be_v but_o 3750._o and_o strabo_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v something_o less_o than_o that_o namely_o 3640._o furlong_n so_o that_o hence_o â—…e_o may_v safe_o conclude_v that_o ptolemy_n opinion_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o more_o exact_a and_o accurate_a dimension_n of_o distance_n as_o bimself_n profess_v must_v necessary_o come_v near_o the_o truth_n then_o the_o rest_n but_o franciscus_n maurolycus_n abbot_n of_o messava_n while_o he_o go_v about_o to_o defend_v posidonius_n against_o ptolemy_n be_v overtake_v himself_o in_o a_o error_n before_o he_o be_v aware_a for_o â—…e_n suspect_v the_o truth_n of_o ptolemy_n assignment_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o rhodes_n which_o he_o set_v down_o to_o be_v thirty_o six_o degree_n and_o he_o advertise_v we_o that_o certain_o the_o number_n in_o his_o geographical_a table_n be_v corrupt_v which_o we_o confess_v be_v most_o certain_a but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n let_v we_o see_v how_o he_o prove_v they_o to_o be_v so_o in_o this_o latitude_n of_o rhodes_n posidonius_n say_v he_o out_o of_o his_o own_o observation_n set_v down_o the_o latitude_n of_o it_o to_o be_v thirty_o eight_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a unless_o that_o ptolemy_n be_v out_o also_o in_o design_v the_o latitude_n of_o alexandria_n which_o maurolycus_n think_v can_v possible_o be_v but_o we_o affirm_v on_o the_o contrary_a side_n that_o ptolemy_n himself_o be_v against_o this_o latitude_n not_o only_o in_o his_o geographical_a book_n but_o also_o in_o diverse_a place_n throughout_o the_o almage_a also_o and_o especial_o in_o the_o lib._n 2._o cap._n 6._o where_o he_o set_v down_o the_o same_o latitude_n for_o rhodes_n that_o he_o have_v in_o this_o geography_n add_v moreover_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n and_o also_o what_o manner_n of_o shadow_n the_o gnomonos_n cast_v both_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a as_o also_o in_o the_o tropic_n all_o which_o do_v plain_o prove_v the_o sâ—…me_n he_o also_o very_o often_o have_v the_o same_o latâ—…tude_n of_o it_o in_o his_o planisphaere_n unless_o you_o will_v say_v that_o either_o mass_n the_o arabian_a in_o translate_n it_o into_o arabic_a or_o else_o rodulphus_fw-la brugensis_n who_o translate_v the_o some_o again_o out_o of_o arabic_a into_o latin_a have_v 〈◊〉_d we_o hitherto_o therefore_o we_o stand_v on_o equal_a term_n but_o he_o proceed_v and_o say_v that_o this_o opinion_n of_o posidonius_n be_v favour_v also_o by_o proclus_n &_o the_o obseruâ—…tions_n of_o eudoxus_n cnidius_n deliver_v by_o strabo_n let_v we_o therefore_o see_v what_o all_o this_o be_v pâ—…sidonius_n say_v strabo_n report_v that_o himself_o be_v sometime_o in_o a_o city_n distant_a from_o the_o gaditan_a strait_o 400._o furlong_n see_v from_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a house_n a_o certain_a star_n which_o he_o take_v to_o be_v canobus_n and_o those_o that_o go_v thence_o more_o south_n ward_n from_o spain_n confess_v that_o they_o see_v it_o also_o plain_o now_o the_o tower_n cnidus_n out_o of_o which_o eudoxus_n be_v say_v to_o have_v see_v canobus_n be_v not_o much_o high_a than_o the_o other_o building_n but_o cnidus_n be_v in_o the_o same_o climate_n with_o rhodes_n as_o be_v also_o the_o gades_n with_o the_o sea_n coast_v adjoin_v thus_o strabo_n but_o what_o do_v he_o conclude_v hence_o against_o ptolemy_n that_o canobus_n may_v be_v see_v in_o cnidus_n we_o deny_v it_o not_o or_o that_o cnidus_n be_v in_o the_o rhodian_a climate_n ptolemy_n acknowledge_v as_o much_o for_o he_o make_v it_o to_o have_v not_o above_o 36._o gr_n 15._o m._n of_o latitude_n in_o the_o five_o book_n of_o his_o geography_n but_o be_v not_o ptolemy_n out_o also_o in_o assign_v the_o latitude_n of_o cnidus_n that_o the_o latitude_n of_o rhodes_n be_v no_o great_a than_o ptolemy_n have_v set_v it_o may_v be_v prove_v even_o out_o of_o proclus_n himself_n for_o he_o make_v the_o long_a day_n at_o rhodes_n to_o be_v 14._o hour_n and_o a_o half_a and_o ptolemy_n will_v have_v the_o same_o to_o be_v equal_a both_o at_o rhodes_n and_o cnidus_n and_o to_o this_o assent_v strabo_n likewise_o save_v only_o that_o in_o one_o place_n he_o set_v it_o down_o to_o be_v but_o 14._o hour_n bare_a so_o that_o by_o this_o reckon_n it_o shall_v have_v less_o latitude_n now_o proclus_n his_o word_n be_v these_o in_o the_o horizon_n of_o rhodes_n say_v he_o the_o summer_n tropic_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o horizon_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o that_o if_o the_o whole_a circle_n be_v divide_v into_o forty_o eight_o part_n twenty_o nine_o of_o the_o same_o do_v appear_v above_o the_o horizon_n and_o 19_o lie_v hide_v under_o the_o earth_n out_o of_o which_o division_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o long_a day_n at_o rhodes_n must_v be_v 14._o equinoctial_a hour_n and_o a_o half_a and_o the_o short_a night_n 9_o and_o a_o half_a thus_o he_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o posidonius_n his_o set_v down_o of_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o portion_n of_o the_o meridian_n intercept_v betwixt_o the_o vertical_a point_n oâ—…_n rhodes_n and_o alexandria_n may_v deceive_v pliny_n proclus_n and_o other_o yet_o alfraganus_n draw_v his_o second_o climate_n through_o cyprus_n and_o rhodes_n and_o make_v it_o to_o have_v the_o long_a day_n of_o 14._o hour_n and_o a_o half_a and_o in_o latitude_n 36._o gr_n two_o three_o so_o that_o there_o be_v but_o very_o small_a difference_n betwixt_o he_o and_o ptolemy_n and_o even_o maeurolycus_fw-la himself_o when_o in_o his_o cosmographical_a dâ—…alogues_n he_o number_v up_o the_o parallel_n hâ—…_n make_v that_o which_o pass_v through_o rhodes_n to_o have_v 36_o gr_n and_o a_o twelve_o of_o latitude_n herein_o differ_v something_o with_o the_o most_o â—…om_n posidonius_n eratosthenes_n his_o observation_n also_o do_v very_o much_o contradict_v posidonius_n for_o eratosthenes_n say_v that_o he_o find_v by_o sciotericall_a gnomon_n that_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o rhodes_n and_o alexandria_n be_v 3750._o furlong_n but_o let_v we_o examine_v this_o a_o little_a better_o the_o difference_n of_o latitude_n betwixt_o these_o two_o place_n he_o find_v scioterical_o after_o his_o manner_n to_o be_v something_o more_o than_o 5._o degree_n and_o to_o this_o difference_n according_a to_o his_o assume_v measure_n of_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o he_o allow_v 700._o furlong_n to_o a_o degree_n he_o attribute_n 3650._o furlong_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o other_o way_n of_o work_v by_o sciotericall_a instrument_n that_o i_o know_v in_o find_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o furlong_n betwixt_o two_o place_n unless_o we_o first_o know_v the_o number_n of_o furlong_n agree_v either_o to_o the_o whole_a circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o to_o the_o part_n of_o it_o assign_v let_v we_o now_o see_v if_o we_o can_v prove_v out_o of_o the_o observation_n of_o eratosthenes_n himself_o that_o neither_o posidonius_n his_o opinion_n concern_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n circumference_n much_o less_o eratosthenes_n his_o own_o can_v be_v defend_v and_o here_o we_o shall_v not_o examine_v his_o observation_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o latitude_n betwixt_o alexandria_n and_o syene_n that_o so_o we_o may_v prove_v out_o of_o his_o own_o assumption_n that_o the_o whole_a compass_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v above_o 241_o 620._o furlong_n as_o it_o it_o demonstrate_v by_o petrus_n nonius_n in_o his_o lib._n 2._o cap._n 18._o de_fw-fr navigatione_n neither_o do_v we_o inquire_v how_o true_o he_o have_v set_v down_o the_o distance_n of_o these_o two_o place_n to_o be_v 5000._o furlong_n whereas_o solinus_n reckon_v not_o from_o the_o very_a ocean_n to_o meroe_n above_o 620._o mile_n which_o be_v but_o 4960._o furlong_n now_o mercë_n be_v a_o a_o great_a deal_n far_o than_o syene_n neither_o will_v we_o question_v he_o at_o all_o concern_v the_o small_a difference_n that_o be_v betwixt_o he_o and_o pliny_n who_o reckon_v from_o the_o island_n elephantina_n which_o be_v 3._o mile_n below_o the_o last_o cataract_n and_o 16._o mile_n above_o syene_n to_o alexandria_n but_o 486._o mile_n so_o that_o by_o this_o reckon_n betwixt_o syene_n and_o alexandria_n there_o will_v not_o be_v above_o 4560._o furlong_n but_o we_o will_v proceed_v a_o contrary_a way_n to_o prove_v our_o assertion_n this_o one_o thing_n therefore_o we_o require_v to_o be_v grant_v we_o which_o be_v that_o look_v how_o great_a a_o space_n the_o sun_n diameter_n take_v up_o in_o
by_o pliny_n and_o solinus_n oâ—…_n casius_n in_o syria_n from_o who_o top_n the_o sun_n rise_v be_v discover_v about_o the_o four_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n which_o be_v also_o relate_v by_o mela_n of_o that_o other_o casius_n in_o arabia_n but_o that_o all_o these_o relation_n be_v no_o other_o than_o mere_a fable_n be_v acute_o and_o solid_o prove_v by_o petrus_n noninus_fw-la out_o of_o the_o veâ—…y_a principle_n â—…f_a geometry_n as_o for_o that_o which_o eustathius_n write_v that_o hercules_n pillâ—…_n call_v by_o the_o greek_n calpe_n and_o abenna_n be_v celebrate_v by_o dionysius_n perlegetes_n for_o their_o miraculous_a height_n be_v plain_o absurd_a and_o ridiculous_a for_o these_o aâ—…ise_v not_o above_o a_o hundred_o ell_n in_o height_n which_o be_v but_o a_o furlong_n whereas_o the_o pyramid_n of_o egypt_n be_v report_v by_o strabo_n to_o equal_v that_o height_n and_o some_o tree_n in_o india_n be_v find_v to_o exceed_v it_o if_o we_o may_v credit_v the_o relation_n of_o those_o writer_n who_o in_o the_o same_o strabo_n affirm_v that_o there_o grow_v a_o tree_n by_o the_o river_n hyarotis_n that_o cast_v a_o shadow_n at_o noon_n five_o furlong_n long_o those_o fabulous_a narration_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v second_v by_o as_o vain_a report_n of_o our_o modern_a time_n and_o first_o of_o all_o scaliger_n write_v from_o other_o man_n relation_n that_o tenariff_n one_o of_o the_o canary_n island_n rise_v in_o height_n fifteen_o league_n which_o amount_v to_o above_o sixty_o mile_n but_o patricius_n not_o content_a with_o this_o measure_n stretchth_n it_o to_o seventy_o mile_n there_o be_v other_o hill_n in_o like_a manner_n cry_v up_o for_o their_o great_a height_n as_o namely_o the_o mountain_n andi_fw-la in_o peâ—…u_n and_o another_o in_o the_o isle_n pico_n among_o the_o azore_n island_n but_o yet_o both_o these_o fall_v short_a of_o tenariffe_n what_o credit_n the_o relation_n may_v desâ—…rve_v we_o will_v now_o examine_v and_o first_o for_o tenariffe_n it_o be_v report_v by_o many_o writer_n to_o be_v of_o so_o great_a a_o height_n that_o it_o be_v probable_a the_o whole_a world_n afford_v not_o a_o more_o eminent_a place_n nâ—…t_o exâ—…pting_v the_o mountain_n sloâ—…us_n it_o selâ—…_n which_o whether_o ever_o any_o other_o mortal_a man_n have_v see_v beside_o that_o monk_n of_o oxford_n who_o by_o his_o skill_n in_o magic_n convey_v himself_o into_o the_o utmost_a northern_a region_n and_o take_v a_o view_n of_o all_o the_o place_n about_o the_o pole_n as_o the_o story_n have_v it_o be_v more_o than_o i_o be_o able_a to_o determine_v yet_o that_o this_o isle_n can_v be_v so_o high_a as_o scaliger_n will_v have_v it_o we_o may_v be_v the_o more_o bold_a to_o believe_v because_o that_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v scarce_o ever_o free_a from_o snow_n so_o that_o you_o shall_v have_v they_o cover_v all_o over_o with_o snow_n all_o the_o year_n long_o save_v only_o one_o or_o at_o the_o most_o two_o month_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n as_o may_v appear_v out_o of_o the_o spanish_a writer_n now_o that_o any_o sâ—…ow_n be_v generate_v 60_o or_o 70_o mile_n above_o the_o plain_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n be_v more_o than_o they_o will_v ever_o persuade_v we_o see_v that_o the_o high_a vapourâ—…_n never_o rise_v above_o 48_o mile_n above_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o eratosthenes_n his_o measure_n but_o according_a to_o ptolemy_n they_o ascend_v not_o above_o 41_o mile_n notwithstanding_o cardan_n and_o some_o other_o profess_a mathematician_n be_v bold_a to_o raise_v they_o up_o to_o 288_o mile_n but_o with_o no_o smaâ—…_n stain_v of_o their_o name_n have_v they_o mix_v those_o trifle_n with_o their_o other_o write_n solinus_n report_v that_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n atlas_n reach_v very_o near_o as_o high_a as_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o moon_n but_o he_o betray_v his_o own_o error_n in_o that_o he_o confess_v that_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o shine_v with_o fire_n in_o the_o night_n not_o unlike_a to_o this_o be_v those_o thiâ—…gs_n which_o be_v report_v of_o the_o some_o mountain_n and_o its_o height_n by_o herodotus_n dionysius_n afer_n and_o his_o scholiast_n eustathius_n whence_o it_o be_v call_v in_o author_n coelorum_fw-la columen_fw-la the_o pillar_n that_o bear_v up_o the_o heaven_n but_o to_o let_v pass_v these_o vain_a prodigious_a relation_n let_v we_o come_v to_o those_o thing_n that_o seem_v to_o carry_v a_o great_a show_n of_o truth_n eratosthenes_n find_v by_o dioptricall_a instrument_n and_o measure_v the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o place_n of_o his_o observation_n that_o a_o perpendicular_a draw_v from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n down_o to_o the_o low_a bottom_n or_o valley_n do_v not_o exceed_v ten_o furlong_n cleomedes_n say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o hill_n find_v to_o be_v above_o fifteen_o furlongâ—…_n in_o height_n and_o so_o high_a as_o this_o be_v that_o vast_a steep_a rock_n in_o bactriana_n which_o be_v call_v sisimitrae_fw-la petra_n mention_v by_o strabo_n in_o the_o 11_o book_n of_o his_o geography_n the_o top_n of_o the_o thessalian_a mountatn_n be_v raiscd_v to_o a_o great_a height_n by_o solinus_n then_o ever_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o any_o hill_n to_o reach_v yet_o if_o we_o may_v belieu_v pliny_n dicaearchus_n be_v employ_v by_o the_o king_n command_n in_o the_o same_o business_n find_v that_o the_o height_n of_o pelion_n which_o be_v the_o high_a of_o all_o exceed_v not_o 1250_o pase_n which_o be_v but_o ten_o furlong_n but_o to_o proceed_v yet_o a_o little_a further_o lest_o we_o shall_v seem_v too_o spare_v herein_o and_o to_o restrain_v they_o within_o narrow_a limit_n than_o we_o ought_v we_o will_v add_v to_o the_o height_n of_o hill_n the_o depth_n also_o of_o the_o sea_n of_o which_o the_o illustrious_a julius_n scaliger_n in_o his_o 38._o exercitation_n against_o cardan_n write_v thus_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n say_v he_o be_v not_o very_o great_a for_o it_o seldom_o exceed_v 80_o paseâ—…_n in_o most_o place_n it_o be_v not_o 20_o pase_n and_o in_o many_o place_n not_o above_o six_o in_o few_o place_n it_o reach_v 100_o pase_n and_o very_a seldâ—…me_n or_o never_o exceed_v this_o number_n but_o because_o that_o fall_v very_o far_o short_a of_o the_o truth_n as_o be_v testify_v by_o the_o daily_a experience_n of_o those_o that_o pass_v the_o seâ—…s_n let_v we_o make_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n equal_a to_o the_o height_n of_o mountain_n so_o that_o suppose_v the_o depth_n thereof_o to_o be_v ten_o furlong_n which_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o saâ—…dinian_a sea_n in_o the_o deep_a place_n as_o posidonius_n in_o strabo_n affirm_v or_o if_o you_o please_v let_v it_o be_v fifteen_o furlong_n as_o cleomedes_n and_o fabianus_n cite_v by_o pliny_n lib._n 2._o c._n 102._o will_v have_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o georg._n valla_n in_o his_o interpretation_n of_o cleomedes_n deal_v not_o fair_o with_o his_o author_n where_o he_o make_v he_o assign_v thirty_o furlong_n to_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o sea_n depth_n these_o ground_n be_v thus_o lay_v let_v we_o now_o see_v what_o proportion_n the_o height_n of_o hill_n may_v bear_v to_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n that_o so_o we_o may_v hence_o gather_v that_o the_o extubcrancy_n of_o hill_n be_v able_a to_o detract_v little_a or_o nothing_o from_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o that_o this_o excrescency_n will_v be_v but_o like_o a_o little_a knob_v or_o dust_n upon_o a_o ball_n as_o cleomedes_n say_v for_o if_o we_o suppose_v the_o circumference_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n to_o be_v 180000_o furlong_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n account_n neither_o do_v ever_o any_o of_o the_o ancient_n assign_v a_o less_o measure_n than_o this_o as_o strabo_n witness_v the_o diameter_n thereof_o will_v be_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o a_o circle_n and_o its_o diameter_n find_v out_o by_o archimedes_n above_o 57272._o furlâ—…ng_n if_o then_o we_o grant_v the_o high_a hill_n to_o be_v ten_o furlong_n high_a according_a to_o eratosthenes_n and_o dicaearchus_n they_o will_v bear_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n â—…hat_o be_v betwixt_o one_o and_o 5727._o peucerus_n mistake_v himself_o when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o perpendicular_a of_o ten_o furlong_n be_v as_o 18000._o to_o one_o for_o this_o be_v the_o proportien_n it_o bear_v to_o the_o whole_a circumference_n and_o not_o the_o diameter_n or_o suppose_v the_o top_n of_o the_o â—…ighest_a hill_n to_o ascend_v to_o the_o perpendicular_a of_o â—…ifteene_a furlong_n as_o cleomedes_n will_v have_v it_o â—…he_o proportion_n then_o will_v be_v of_o one_o to_o 3818._o or_o if_o â—…ouplease_v let_v it_o be_v thirty_o furlong_n of_o which_o â—…height_n be_v
that_o they_o dwell_v under_o the_o pole_n the_o aequator_fw-la with_o they_o do_v not_o make_v oblique_a angle_n with_o the_o horizon_n because_o the_o horizon_n and_o aequator_fw-la there_o make_v both_o but_o one_o circle_n this_o kind_n of_o sphere_n therefore_o may_v more_o right_o be_v call_v a_o parallel_n or_o neutral_a sphere_n because_o that_o its_o vertical_a point_n fall_v upon_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o sphere_n but_o joseph_n scaliger_n have_v give_v it_o the_o apt_a appellation_n of_o all_o in_o his_o note_n upon_o manilius_n astronom_n lib._n 3._o upon_o these_o verse_n stantis_fw-la erit_fw-la coeli_fw-la species_n laterúmque_fw-la meatus_fw-la turbinis_fw-la in_o morem_fw-la rectâ_fw-la vertigine_fw-la currit_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o every_o sphere_n may_v be_v say_v aut_fw-la jacere_fw-la sedere_fw-la aut_fw-la stare_n either_o to_o lie_v sit_v or_o stand_v so_o that_o the_o first_o position_n of_o sphere_n be_v as_o of_o lie_v all_o along_o which_o be_v that_o of_o a_o right_a sphere_n where_o the_o horizon_n make_v right_a angle_n with_o the_o equinoctial_a the_o seeond_n be_v of_o sit_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o three_o be_v of_o stand_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o be_v like_o a_o mill._n for_o in_o this_o position_n the_o equinoctial_a supply_v the_o office_n of_o the_o horizon_n and_o as_o it_o be_v turn_v round_o about_o be_v just_a like_o a_o hand-mill_n both_o in_o habit_n and_o manner_n of_o turn_v about_o but_o we_o can_v so_o proper_o call_v it_o a_o right_a sphere_n because_o of_o the_o right_a angle_n that_o it_o make_v with_o the_o equinoctial_a as_o pass_v through_o its_o pole_n because_o that_o that_o appellation_n seem_v to_o suit_v more_o fit_o with_o a_o stand_a sphere_n in_o which_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o horizon_n and_o arctique_a circle_n last_o there_o be_v but_o one_o right_a or_o lie_v sphere_n because_o there_o be_v but_o one_o equinoctial_a and_o there_o be_v but_o two_o stand_a sphere_n because_o there_o be_v but_o two_o pole_n but_o there_o be_v great_a variety_n and_o diversitis_fw-la of_o oblique_a or_o sit_v sphere_n as_o may_v manifest_o appear_v to_o any_o man_n and_o as_o our_o author_n have_v declare_v at_o large_a chap._n four_o of_o the_o zone_n the_o four_o lesser_a circle_n which_o be_v parallel_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la divide_v the_o whole_a earth_n into_o five_o part_n call_v by_o the_o greek_n zone_n which_o appellation_n have_v also_o be_v receive_v and_o be_v stiâ—…_n in_o use_n among_o all_o our_o latin_a writer_n notwithstanding_o they_o sometime_o also_o use_v the_o latin_a word_n plâ—…ga_n in_o the_o same_o signification_n but_o the_o greek_n do_v sometime_o apply_v the_o word_n zona_fw-la to_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o planet_n in_o a_o different_a sense_n than_o be_v ever_o use_v by_o our_o author_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o that_o passage_n of_o theon_n alexandrinus_n in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o aratus_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v there_o be_v also_o in_o the_o heaven_n seven_o zone_n whiâ—…h_o be_v not_o contiguous_a to_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la the_o first_o whereof_o be_v assign_v to_o saturn_n the_o second_o to_o jupiter_n etc._n etc._n of_o these_o five_o zone_n three_o be_v account_v by_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n and_o geographer_n to_o be_v inhabitable_a and_o intemperate_a one_o of_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o sun_n beam_n continual_o beat_v upon_o the_o same_o and_o this_o they_o call_v the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o be_v terminate_v by_o the_o tropique_n on_o each_o side_n and_o the_o other_o two_o by_o reason_n of_o extreme_a cold_a they_o think_v can_v not_o be_v inhabit_v as_o be_v so_o remote_a from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n beam_n whereof_o one_o be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o arctique_a circle_n and_o the_o other_o within_o the_o antaâ—…ctique_a but_o the_o other_o two_o be_v account_v temperate_a and_o therefore_o habitable_a the_o one_o of_o they_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o arctique_a circle_n and_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o other_o betwixt_o the_o antarctique_a and_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n neither_o do_v this_o opinion_n although_o in_o a_o manner_n general_o receive_v a_o among_o the_o ancient_n concern_v the_o number_n and_o bound_n of_o the_o zone_n even_o then_o want_v its_o opposition_n for_o parmenides_n will_v have_v that_o zone_n which_o they_o call_v the_o torrid_a to_o be_v extend_v far_o beyond_o the_o tropique_n so_o that_o he_o make_v it_o almost_o as_o large_a again_o as_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v but_o be_v withal_o reprehend_v for_o it_o by_o posidonius_n because_o he_o know_v that_o about_o half_a of_o that_o space_n which_o be_v contain_v betwixt_o our_o summer_n tropic_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v inhabit_v so_o likewise_o aristotle_n terminate_v the_o torrid_a zone_n betwixt_o the_o tropique_n and_o the_o temperate_a zone_n with_o the_o tropique_n and_o the_o arctique_a and_o antarctique_a circle_n but_o he_o also_o be_v tax_v by_o the_o same_o posidonius_n in_o that_o he_o appoint_v the_o arctique_a circle_n which_o the_o greek_n will_v have_v to_o be_v mutable_a to_o be_v the_o limit_n of_o the_o zone_n polyibus_fw-la make_v six_o zone_n by_o divide_v the_o torrid_a into_o two_o part_n and_o reckon_v one_o of_o they_o from_o the_o winter_n tropic_n to_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o the_o other_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o summer_n tropic_n other_o follow_v eratosthenes_n will_v have_v a_o certain_a narrow_a zone_n which_o shall_v be_v temperate_a and_o fit_a for_o habitation_n under_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n oâ—…_n which_o opinion_n be_v avicen_n the_o arabian_a and_o some_o of_o our_o modern_a winter_n nicolaus_n lyranus_fw-la thomas_n aquinas_n and_o campanus_n i_o know_v not_o upon_o what_o ground_n will_v have_v the_o terrestrial_a paradise_n speak_v of_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o genesis_n to_o be_v place_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n and_o so_o likewise_o eratosthenes_n and_o polybius_n will_v have_v all_o that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o torrid_a zone_n to_o be_v temperate_a in_o like_a manner_n posidonius_n contradict_v the_o receive_a opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n because_o he_o know_v that_o both_o syene_n which_o they_o place_n under_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o also_o aethiopia_n which_o lie_v more_o inward_a and_o over_o who_o head_n the_o sun_n lie_v long_o than_o it_o do_v upon_o they_o under_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v notwithstanding_o inhabit_v whence_o he_o conclude_v that_o the_o part_n under_o the_o aeqinoctiall_a be_v not_o inhabitable_a because_o he_o see_v â—…at_v those_o under_o the_o tropic_n want_v â—…ot_a inhabitant_n yet_o ptolemy_n in_o his_o 2_o book_z â—…d_v six_o chapter_n of_o his_o almageste_n conceive_v â—…hose_v thing_n which_o be_v prepare_v of_o the_o temperateness_n under_o the_o line_n to_o be_v rather_o conjecture_v then_o truth_n of_o story_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n of_o his_o five_o book_n of_o his_o geography_n he_o describe_v we_o a_o country_n in_o aethiopia_n which_o he_o call_v agisymba_n and_o place_v far_o beyond_o thâ—…_n the_o equinoctial_a notwithstanding_o some_o of_o our_o modern_a geographer_n stick_v not_o to_o place_v it_o northward_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la contrary_a to_o ptolemy_n mind_n this_o inconstancy_n of_o ptolemy_n have_v give_v occasion_n to_o some_o to_o suspect_v that_o the_o almage_a and_o cosmography_n be_v not_o the_o same_o author_n work_n now_o as_o concern_v these_o conceit_n of_o the_o ancient_n about_o the_o number_n of_o the_o intemperate_a zone_n if_o they_o be_v not_o sufficient_o prove_v to_o be_v vain_a and_o idle_a by_o the_o authority_n of_o eratosthenes_n and_o polybius_n yet_o certain_o it_o be_v very_o evident_o demonstrate_v by_o the_o navigation_n both_o of_o the_o portugall_n and_o also_o of_o our_o own_o countryman_n that_o not_o only_o that_o tract_n of_o land_n which_o the_o ancient_n call_v the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v full_o inhabit_v but_o also_o that_o within_o the_o arâ—…tique_a circle_n above_o 70_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la all_o place_n be_v full_a of_o inhabitant_n so_o that_o now_o no_o man_n needs_o to_o doubt_v any_o further_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o unless_o he_o have_v rather_o err_v with_o sacred_a and_o venerable_a antiquity_n then_o be_v better_o inform_v by_o the_o experience_n of_o modern_a age_n though_o never_o so_o strong_o back_v with_o undeniable_a proof_n and_o testimony_n pont_n whereas_o our_o author_n accuse_v ptolemy_n of_o inconstancy_n in_o that_o in_o his_o almage_a cap._n 6._o lib._n 2._o he_o account_v it_o a_o fahle_n rather_o than_o any_o true_a history_n whatsoever_o be_v report_v of_o the_o in_o hahitant_n under_o the_o aequator_fw-la where_o as_o in_o his_o geography_n lib._n 5._o cap._n ult_n he_o seem_v to_o contradict_v the_o same_o i_o think_v that_o pliny_n also_o be_v not_o free_a from_o the_o like_a fault_n
for_o whereas_o in_o his_o lib._n 6._o cap._n 22._o have_v discourse_v of_o the_o mâ—…gnitude_n of_o the_o isle_n taprobane_n which_o be_v now_o think_v to_o be_v sumatra_n and_o lie_v direct_o under_o the_o line_n out_o of_o eratosthenes_n and_o megasthenes_n he_o present_o add_v that_o beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o ancient_n the_o roman_n have_v better_a knowledge_n of_o the_o same_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emâ—…eror_n claudiuâ—…_n there_o be_v ambassador_n send_v from_o thence_o to_o rome_n who_o among_o other_o thing_n shall_v relate_v that_o with_o they_o gold_n &_o silver_n be_v in_o high_a account_n and_o that_o they_o have_v great_a wealth_n than_o the_o roman_n themselves_o but_o yet_o that_o the_o roman_n have_v great_a use_n of_o riches_n than_o they_o which_o word_n of_o pliny_n with_o many_o other_o there_o at_o large_a set_v down_o by_o he_o if_o they_o be_v but_o compare_v with_o what_o himself_o elsewhere_o write_v in_o his_o 2_o book_z chap._n 68_o he_o will_v be_v find_v manifest_o to_o contradict_v himself_o for_o dispute_v in_o this_o place_n and_o inquire_v how_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v inhabit_v tres_n say_v he_o terrae_fw-la part_n abstulisse_fw-la nobis_fw-la coelum_fw-la etc._n etc._n three_o part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o heaveus_fw-la have_v rob_v we_o of_o to_o wit_n the_o torrid_a or_o middle_a zone_n â—…bat_n be_v whatsoever_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o two_o tropique_n and_o the_o two_o outmost_a or_o frigid_a zone_n that_o be_v to_o say_v whatever_o ground_n lie_v betwixt_o either_o pole_n and_o the_o arctique_a and_o antarctique_a circle_n according_a to_o that_o which_o the_o poet_n sing_v of_o old_a quarum_fw-la quae_fw-la media_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la habita_fw-la bilis_fw-la aestu_fw-la nix_n tegit_fw-la alta_fw-la duos_fw-la in_o english_a thus_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o be_v not_o inhabit_v through_o heat_n and_o two_o with_o snow_n be_v cover_v for_o this_o be_v that_o which_o pliny_n mean_v that_o those_o two_o outwardmost_a be_v not_o habitable_a by_o reason_n of_o extremity_n of_o â—…old_n nor_o the_o other_o through_o too_o violent_a heat_n but_o that_o which_o be_v more_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o in_o so_o great_a a_o author_n who_o not_o withstand_v indifferent_o take_v up_o aswell_o the_o common_a popular_a fable_n as_o the_o extravagant_a fixion_n of_o the_o poet_n also_o be_v that_o which_o he_o very_o confident_o relate_v out_o of_o corlius_fw-la nepos_n how_o that_o one_o eudoxus_n take_v ship_n in_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n come_v as_o far_o as_o the_o gades_n two_o isle_n upon_o the_o confine_n of_o spain_n which_o voyage_n if_o we_o shall_v but_o thorough_o examine_v will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v as_o much_o 〈◊〉_d that_o all_o the_o fortugal_n and_o our_o countryman_n at_o this_o day_n perform_v in_o their_o sea_n voyage_n to_o the_o east_n indâ—…_n when_o as_o touch_v upon_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n they_o twice_o cross_v the_o line_n and_o pass_v through_o the_o whole_a torrid_a zone_n not_o to_o speak_v any_o thing_n of_o that_o which_o he_o write_v in_o his_o first_o book_n twenty_o three_o chapter_n namely_o that_o there_o be_v never_o a_o year_n that_o india_n do_v not_o suck_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a empire_n at_o the_o least_o 500000._o sesterce_n by_o send_v in_o such_o commodity_n as_o they_o sell_v to_o the_o roman_n for_o a_o hundred_o time_n as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v worth_a in_o india_n and_o that_o there_o be_v yearly_a traffic_n by_o ship_n through_o the_o red_a sea_n betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o roman_n who_o be_v sane_a for_o their_o safe_a passage_n to_o defend_v themselves_o from_o pirate_n by_o go_v provide_v with_o band_n of_o archer_n and_o here_o all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v in_o pliny_n defence_n be_v thaâ—…those_n thing_n which_o he_o relate_v in_o this_o second_o book_n be_v write_v by_o he_o long_o before_o the_o rest_n which_o followeh_n and_o that_o at_o that_o time_n these_o indian_a voyage_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_o undertake_v or_o the_o passage_n so_o well_o know_v unto_o the_o roman_n especial_o for_o that_o in_o the_o book_n follow_v as_o namely_o the_o six_o book_n 17._o and_o 23._o chapter_n he_o say_v that_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o the_o voyage_n from_o egypt_n into_o india_n begin_v but_o than_o first_o to_o be_v discover_v when_o as_o he_o be_v write_v the_o same_o and_o that_o seneca_n have_v not_o long_o before_o begin_v a_o description_n of_o india_n reckon_v up_o therein_o 60._o great_a river_n and_o 122._o nation_n to_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o same_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o habitablenesse_n and_o fortility_n of_o the_o part_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n iâ—…_n in_o that_o the_o sun_n shine_v upon_o they_o but_o 12._o hour_n so_o that_o the_o night_n be_v always_o as_o long_o as_o the_o day_n the_o coldness_n of_o the_o one_o do_v very_o much_o attemperate_a the_o excessive_a heat_n of_o the_o other_o in_o like_a manner_n that_o both_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v habitable_a be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o sun_n which_o in_o his_o course_n through_o the_o six_o northern_a sign_n of_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la never_o set_v in_o six_o month_n space_n so_o those_o that_o live_v under_o 84_o degree_n of_o latitude_n so_o that_o by_o his_o continual_a preseneâ—…_n the_o extreme_a rigidity_n of_o the_o clime_n iâ—…_n mitigate_v and_o the_o cold_a by_o this_o mean_n dispel_v chap._n v._o of_o the_o amphiseij_fw-la hereroscij_fw-la and_o periscij_fw-la the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o zone_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o their_o noonshadowe_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o kind_n amphisâ—…ij_fw-la heteroscij_fw-la and_o periscij_fw-la those_o that_o inhabit_v betwixt_o the_o two_o tropiquâ—…s_n be_v call_v amphiscij_fw-la because_o that_o their_o noon_n shadow_n be_v diverse_o cast_v sometime_o towards_o the_o south_n as_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v more_o northward_o than_o their_o vertical_a point_n and_o sometime_o towards_o the_o north_n as_o when_o the_o sun_n decline_v southwaâ—…_n from_o their_o zenith_n those_o that_o live_v betwixt_o the_o tropique_n and_o aâ—…ct_n que_fw-fr circle_n be_v call_v heteroscij_fw-la because_o the_o shadow_n at_o noon_n be_v cast_v only_o one_o way_n and_o that_o â—…ither_o north_n or_o south_n for_o the_o sun_n never_o come_v far_a north_n than_o our_o summer_n tropic_n nor_o more_o southward_o than_o the_o winter_n tropic_n so_o that_o those_o that_o inhabit_v northward_o of_o the_o summer_n tropic_n have_v their_o shadow_n cast_v always_o towards_o the_o north_n as_o in_o like_a manner_n those_o that_o dwell_v more_o southward_o than_o the_o winter_n tropic_n have_v their_o noon-shadow_n cast_v always_o coward_n the_o south_n those_o that_o inhabit_v betwixt_o the_o arctique_a or_o antarctique_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n be_v call_v periscij_fw-la because_o that_o the_o gnomon_n do_v cast_v their_o shadow_n circular_o and_o the_o reason_n hereos_fw-la it_o for_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v carry_v round_o about_o above_o their_o horizon_n in_o his_o whole_a diurnal_a revolution_n pont_n the_o heterosciall_a zone_n be_v therefore_o two_o fold_v either_o northern_a or_o southern_a the_o northern_a be_v comprehend_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o artik_a circle_n and_o â—…s_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d septentrionalis_n because_o that_o in_o it_o the_o sun_n beam_n at_o noon_n be_v always_o cast_v to_o that_o part_n only_o that_o byoth_v towards_o the_o â—…ole_a arctic_n the_o southern_a hetorosciall_a zone_n contain_v all_o that_o space_n of_o ground_n that_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n and_o uâ—…e_v antarctique_a circle_n and_o it_o be_v callâ—…d_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d meridonalis_fw-la because_o the_o noon_n shadow_n be_v projeâ—…ed_v towards_o the_o south_n pole_n only_o the_o property_n of_o these_o several_a zone_n be_v these_o that_o follow_v first_o they_o that_o inhabit_v the_o midst_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v in_o a_o right_a sphere_n for_o with_o they_o both_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n lie_v in_o their_o horizon_n and_o their_o zenith_n or_o vertical_a point_n fall_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n so_o that_o their_o peculiar_a accident_n be_v these_o first_o all_z the_o sâ—…arres_n do_v rise_v and_o set_v in_o a_o equal_a space_n of_o time_n except_o the_o arctique_a and_o antarctique_a pole_n as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o lerius_fw-la in_o our_o note_n upon_o the_o three_o chapter_n second_o they_o have_v a_o perpetual_a aequinoxe_n three_o they_o have_v the_o sun_n vertical_a unto_o they_o twice_o in_o a_o year_n namely_o when_o he_o enter_v into_o ♈_o and_o ♎_o four_o in_o the_o sun_n periodicall_a motion_n through_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la look_v how_o much_o he_o go_v southward_o from_o their_o zenith_n in_o his_o return_n he_o decline_v as_o far_o northward_o srom_o the_o same_o fiâ—…thly_o they_o have_v
accident_n common_a with_o our_o perioeci_n for_o we_o both_o inhabit_v the_o same_o temperate_a zone_n and_o have_v summer_n winter_n increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o day_n and_o night_n at_o the_o same_o time_n only_o this_o difference_n be_v betwixt_o we_o that_o when_o it_o be_v noon_n with_o we_o it_o be_v midnight_n with_o they_o those_o author_n that_o have_v add_v this_o differnce_n also_o that_o when_o the_o sun_n rise_v with_o we_o it_o set_v with_o those_o that_o be_v our_o perioecij_fw-la have_v betray_v their_o own_o ignorance_n for_o if_o this_o be_v so_o it_o will_v then_o follow_v that_o when_o the_o day_n be_v long_a with_o we_o it_o shall_v be_v at_o the_o short_a with_o they_o but_o this_o be_v most_o false_a they_o have_v commit_v the_o like_a error_n concern_v our_o antoeci_n also_o when_o as_o they_o will_v have_v the_o sun_n to_o rise_v with_o we_o and_o they_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o ground_n of_o which_o their_o error_n perhaps_o may_v be_v in_o that_o they_o conceive_v we_o and_o our_o antoeci_n to_o have_v the_o same_o horizon_n but_o that_o we_o be_v the_o uppermost_a hemisphere_n and_o they_o the_o low_a the_o like_a they_o conceive_v of_o our_o perioeci_n but_o this_o be_v a_o error_n unworthy_a of_o those_o that_o be_v but_o meanâ—…ly_o verse_v in_o astronomy_n we_o agree_v with_o our_o antoeci_n in_o this_o that_o we_o have_v midday_n and_o midnight_n both_o at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o herein_o we_o differ_v that_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n be_v clean_a contrary_n for_o when_o we_o have_v summer_n they_o have_v winter_n and_o our_o long_a day_n be_v the_o short_a with_o they_o we_o also_o inhabit_v temperate_a zone_n both_o of_o we_o though_o different_a from_o each_o other_o in_o the_o time_n and_o season_n but_o with_o our_o antipode_n all_o thing_n be_v quite_o contrary_a both_o day_n and_o night_n with_o their_o beginning_n and_o end_n as_o also_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n for_o at_o what_o time_n we_o through_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o sun_n enjoy_v our_o summer_n and_o the_o long_a day_n then_o be_v it_o winter_n with_o they_o and_o the_o day_n at_o the_o short_a so_o likewise_o when_o the_o sun_n rise_v with_o we_o it_o set_v with_o they_o and_o so_o contrary_a wise_a when_o it_o set_v with_o we_o it_o rise_v with_o they_o for_o we_o inhabit_v the_o upper_a hemisphere_n and_o they_o the_o low_a divide_v by_o the_o same_o horizon_n chap._n vii_o of_o climate_n and_o parallel_n according_a to_o the_o different_a quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n geographer_n have_v divide_v the_o whole_a earth_n on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o the_o pole_n in_o climate_n and_o parallel_n a_o climate_n they_o define_v to_o be_v a_o space_n of_o earth_n comprehend_v betwixt_o any_o two_o place_n who_o long_a day_n differ_v in_o quantity_n half_a a_o hour_n and_o a_o parallel_n be_v a_o space_n wherein_o the_o day_n increase_v in_o length_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n so_o that_o every_o climate_n contain_v two_o parallel_n those_o climate_n as_o also_o the_o parallel_n themselves_o be_v not_o all_o of_o equal_a quantity_n for_o the_o fiâ—…st_a clime_n as_o also_o the_o parallel_n begin_v at_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v large_a thâ—…n_n the_o second_o and_o the_o second_o be_v likewise_o great_a thâ—…n_o the_o three_o only_o herein_o they_o all_o agree_v that_o they_o differ_v equal_o in_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n the_o ancient_n reckon_v but_o 7_o climate_n at_o the_o first_o to_o which_o number_n be_v afterward_o add_v two_o more_o so_o that_o in_o the_o first_o of_o these_o number_n be_v comprehend_v 14_o parallel_n but_o in_o the_o late_a 18._o ptolemy_n account_v the_o parallel_n by_o the_o difference_n of_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n reckon_v in_o all_o 24._o by_o whole_a hour_n difference_n 4_o by_o whole_a month_n 6_o so_o that_o bâ—…ides_v the_o aequator_fw-la reckon_v he_o whole_a number_n of_o parallel_n on_o each_o side_n they_o a_o mount_n to_o 38._o in_o the_o meridian_n of_o a_o material_a globe_n there_o be_v describe_v nine_o climate_n differ_v from_o each_o other_o by_o the_o quantity_n of_o half_a a_o hour_n after_o these_o there_o be_v other_z also_o set_v according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o a_o whole_a hour_n and_o last_o of_o all_o those_o that_o differ_v in_o whole_a monthâ—…_n be_v continue_v to_o the_o very_a pole_n each_o of_o they_o express_v in_o their_o several_a latitude_n the_o distance_n of_o all_o both_o climate_n and_o parrallelâ—…_n together_o with_o their_o latitude_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o difference_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n be_v here_o full_o express_v it_o this_o table_n follow_v ampihscij_fw-la climate_n parallel_n the_o long_a summer_n day_n hour_n scr._n latitude_n and_o elevation_n of_o pole_n hour_n scr._n the_o breadth_n of_o the_o climate_n deg._n scrup._n 0_o 0_o 12_o 0_o 0_o 0_o 4_o 18_o 1_o 12_o 15_o 4_o 18_o 1_o 〈◊〉_d 12_o 30_o 8_o 34_o 8_o 25_o 〈◊〉_d 12_o 45_o 1â—…_n 43_o 2_o 4_o 13_o 0_o 16_o 43_o 7_o 50_o 5_o 13_o 15_o 20_o 33_o 3_o 6_o 13_o 30_o 23_o 10_o 7_o 3_o 7_o 13_o 45_o 27_o 36_o heteroscij_fw-la 4_o 8_o 14_o 0_o 30_o 47_o 6_o 9_o 〈◊〉_d 14_o 15_o 33_o 45_o 5_o 10_o 14_o 30_o 30_o 30_o 5_o 17_o 11_o 14_o 45_o 39_o 2_o 6_o 12_o 15_o 0_o 41_o 22_o 4_o 30_o 13_o 15_o 15_o 43_o 32_o 7_o 14_o 15_o 30_o 45_o 29_o 3_o 48_o 15_o 15_o 45_o 47_o 20_o heteroscij_fw-la climate_n parallel_n the_o long_a summer_n day_n hour_n scr._n latitude_n and_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n degr._fw-la scr_n the_o breadth_n of_o the_o climate_n degr._fw-la scr._n 8_o 16_o 16_o â—…0_n 49_o 1_o 3_o 13_o 17_o 16_o 15_o 50_o 33_o 9_o 18_o 16_o 30_o 51_o 58_o 2_o 44_o 19_o 16_o 45_o 53_o 1â—…_n 10_o 20_o 17_o 0_o 54_o 29_o 2_o 17_o 21_o 17_o 15_o 55_o 34_o 11_o 22_o 17_o 30_o 56_o 37_o 2_o 0_o 23_o 17_o 45_o 57_o 34_o 12_o 24_o 18_o 0_o 58_o 26_o 1_o 40_o 25_o 18_o 15_o 59_o 14_o 13_o 26_o 18_o 30_o 59_o 5â—…_n 1_o 26_o 27_o 18_o 45_o 60_o 40_o 14_o 28_o 19_o 0_o 61_o 18_o 1_o 13_o 29_o 19_o 15_o 61_o 53_o 15_o 30_o 19_o 30_o 62_o 25_o 1_o 1_o 31_o 19_o 45_o 62_o 54_o 16_o 32_o 20_o 0_o 63_o 22_o 0_o 52_o 33_o 20_o 15_o 63_o 46_o 17_o 34_o 20_o 30_o 64_o 〈◊〉_d 0_o 46_o 35_o 20_o 45_o 64_o 3â—…_n 18_o 36_o 21_o 0_o 69_o 49_o 0_o 36_o 37_o 21_o 15_o 65_o 6_o 19_o 38_o 21_o 30_o 65_o 21_o 0_o 29_o 39_o 21_o 45_o 65_o 35_o 20_o 40_o 22_o 0_o 65_o 47_o 0_o 22_o 41_o 22_o 1â—…_n 65_o 57_o 21_o 42_o 22_o 30_o 66_o 6_o 0_o 17_o 43_o 22_o 45_o 66_o 14_o 22_o 44_o 23_o 0_o 66_o 20_o 0_o 11_o 45_o 23_o 15_o 66_o 25_o 23_o 46_o 23_o 30_o 66_o â—…8_n 0_o 5_o 47_o 23_o 45_o 66_o â—…0_n 24_o 48_o 24_o 0_o 66_o 31_o 0_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr month_n periscij_fw-la here_o the_o climate_n begin_v to_o be_v accounâ—…_n t_v by_o month_n from_o 66_o gr_n 3â—…_n 〈◊〉_d where_o the_o day_n be_v 24_o hour_n lonâ—…_n to_o the_o pole_n itself_o whoâ—…e_v it_o be_v 6._o month_n in_o length_n 1_o 67_o 15_o 2_o 69_o 30_o 3_o 73_o 20_o 4_o 78_o 20_o 5_o 84_o 0_o 6_o 90_o 0_o the_o second_o part_n chap._n i._o of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o celestial_a globe_n and_o first_o of_o the_o planet_n hitherto_o have_v our_o discourse_n be_v concern_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v common_a to_o both_o globe_n we_o will_v now_o descend_v to_o speak_v of_o those_o that_o proper_o belong_v to_o each_o of_o they_o in_o particular_a and_o first_o of_o those_o thing_n that_o only_o concern_v the_o celestial_a globe_n as_o namely_o the_o star_n with_o their_o several_a configuration_n the_o whole_a number_n of_o star_n have_v be_v divide_v by_o the_o ancient_a astronomer_n who_o first_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o diligent_a observe_v of_o the_o same_o into_o two_o kind_n the_o first_o be_v of_o the_o planet_n or_o wander_a star_n the_o other_o of_o the_o fix_a the_o first_o of_o which_o they_o therefore_o call_v planet_n or_o wanderer_n because_o they_o observe_v no_o constant_a distance_n or_o situation_n neither_o in_o respect_n of_o each_o other_o nor_o in_o respect_n of_o those_o that_o be_v call_v fix_v star_n and_o these_o be_v so_o call_v because_o that_o they_o be_v observe_v always_o to_o keep_v the_o same_o situation_n and_o distance_n from_o one_o another_o as_o be_v at_o large_a prove_v ptolemy_n in_o his_o almage_a lib._n 7._o cap._n 1._o out_o of_o his_o own_o observation_n diligent_o compare_v with_o those_o deliver_v by_o hipparchus_n pont_n the_o star_n be_v divide_v into_o planet_n or_o wander_a
more_o northern_a part_n of_o asia_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o muscovite_n tartarian_n and_o those_o that_o inhabit_v the_o region_n or_o cathaia_n the_o principal_a island_n appertain_v unto_o at_o be_v cyprus_n and_o rhodes_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o on_o the_o south_n side_n sumatra_n zeilam_n java_n major_n and_o minor_a the_o molucean_n and_o philippine_n island_n beside_o borneo_n and_o almost_o a_o infinite_a company_n of_o other_o and_o on_o the_o east_n of_o it_o there_o lie_v the_o japonian_a island_n pont_n that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v write_v sinae_n not_o chinae_fw-la as_o our_o author_n in_o this_o place_n and_o common_o all_o other_o writer_n use_v to_o do_v appear_v manifest_o out_o of_o ptolemy_n who_o always_o call_v they_o sinai_n the_o eight_o table_n also_o of_o asia_n in_o ptolemy_n geography_n place_v the_o scythian_n call_v cathae_fw-la which_o our_o author_n call_v the_o region_n of_o cathaia_n betwâ—…xt_n thâ—…_n mountain_n imavus_fw-la and_o emodus_n and_o the_o region_n of_o the_o siaean_n a_o part_n of_o it_o beyond_o the_o same_o emodus_n and_o ottoro_fw-it cara_fw-it which_o be_v hill_n in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o seres_z and_o look_v towards_o the_o south_n east_n so_o that_o i_o can_v but_o wonder_v that_o matthaeve_fw-la riccius_fw-la a_o jesuit_n in_o his_o sinaean_a expedition_n shall_v take_v so_o much_o pain_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cathaia_n and_o of_o the_o sinaean_n be_v all_o one_o but_o it_o be_v easiâ—…_n by_o other_o and_o those_o more_o proper_a argument_n and_o testimony_n be_v this_o place_n convenient_a to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a to_o this_o his_o assertion_n now_o as_o concern_v asia_n these_o thing_n occur_v nâ—…it_a worth_n our_o observation_n 1._o that_o it_o be_v twofold_a asia_n minor_n and_o major_a 2._o asia_n minor_n or_o the_o lesser_a asia_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n by_o the_o euxine_a sea_n on_o the_o south_n by_o the_o river_n euphrates_n on_o the_o west_n by_o the_o mediterranean_a on_o the_o north_n by_o the_o aegean_a sea_n 3._o the_o principal_a country_n it_o contain_v ancient_o be_v these_o cilicia_n pamphilia_n caria_n lycia_n jonia_n lydia_n aeâ—…lia_n mysia_n bithynia_n paphlaponia_n cappad_n cia_n galatia_n lycaonia_n and_o pisidia_n 4._o to_o the_o great_a asia_n thâ—…se_v region_n appertain_v syria_n armenia_n chaldaea_n arabia_n peâ—…a_n tartary_n hircaniâ—…_n parthia_n and_o india_n 5._o in_o both_o of_o they_o there_o be_v settle_v at_o this_o day_n these_o empire_n namely_o the_o turkish_a persian_a tartarian_a indian_a and_o sinâ—…sian_a or_o chinean_a 6._o the_o chiese_n hill_n of_o note_n in_o it_o be_v taurus_n caucasus_n and_o imâ—…us_n 7._o the_o principal_a river_n euphrates_n ganges_n and_o indus_n 8._o the_o chief_a traffic_n be_v gold_n pearl_n jewel_n all_o kind_n of_o spice_n musk_n frankincense_n balsam_n amber_n silk_n ivory_n and_o elephant_n america_n so_o call_v from_o americus_n vespuccius_n who_o first_o discover_v it_o give_v it_o both_o name_n and_o bound_n be_v terminate_v on_o the_o east_n side_n on_o which_o it_o look_v towards_o europe_n and_o africa_n by_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o sea_n which_o they_o call_v deal_v zur_n or_o the_o south_n sea_n on_o the_o south_n it_o be_v bound_v with_o the_o strait_o of_o magellane_n but_o as_o for_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o it_o they_o be_v not_o yet_o thorough_o discover_v or_o the_o limet_n thereof_o know_v notwithstanding_o the_o many_o adventure_n by_o sea_n of_o our_o countryman_n m._n martin_n frobisher_n and_o m._n john_n davis_n have_v give_v strong_a argument_n oâ—…_n hope_n that_o it_o be_v on_o that_o side_n â—…ounded_v by_o the_o freeze_a sea_n it_o contain_v in_o it_o these_o principal_a region_n first_o on_o the_o north_n that_o country_n which_o the_o spaniard_n call_v tierra_n de_fw-fr labrador_n after_o which_o follow_v that_o which_o they_o call_v baccalearum_fw-la regio_fw-la then_o nova_n francia_n after_o this_o virginia_n then_o floride_n next_o to_o this_o nova_n hispania_n famous_a especial_o for_o the_o city_n mexico_n and_o last_o of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o brasilia_n and_o peru_n which_o be_v the_o most_o southern_a part_n of_o all_o there_o be_v also_o many_o adjacent_a island_n most_o of_o which_o lie_v in_o the_o bay_n of_o mexico_n eastward_o from_o america_n the_o most_o notable_a of_o which_o be_v cuba_n and_o hispaniola_n beside_o many_o other_o of_o lesâ—…e_a note_n there_o be_v also_o many_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n not_o yet_o thorough_o know_v or_o discover_v as_o namely_o those_o southern_a coast_n wherein_o stand_v nova_n guinea_n lie_v beyond_o the_o indian_a sea_n which_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o island_n or_o else_o a_o part_n of_o the_o mâ—…ine_a continent_n iâ—…_n not_o yet_o discover_v and_o likewise_o that_o the_o other_o tract_n of_o the_o southern_a know_a continent_n which_o be_v call_v magellanica_fw-la as_o also_o these_o northern_a part_n of_o europe_n asia_n &_o america_n which_o have_v beeâ—…_n but_o late_o detect_v by_o many_o of_o our_o english_a navigator_n but_o not_o as_o yet_o full_o search_v into_o chap_n ii_o of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o of_o a_o great_a circle_n and_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o a_o degree_n it_o remain_v now_o that_o we_o speak_v somewhat_o of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o of_o the_o great_a circle_n in_o it_o the_o knowledge_n whereof_o be_v very_o necessary_a both_o for_o the_o study_n of_o geography_n as_o also_o for_o the_o easy_a attain_n to_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n and_o therefore_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v not_o seem_v impertinent_a if_o i_o insist_v something_o the_o long_o on_o this_o argument_n especial_o see_v that_o there_o be_v great_a diversity_n of_o opinion_n among_o the_o most_o learned_a author_n that_o be_v extant_a concern_v this_o matter_n in_o somuch_o that_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o determine_v which_o of_o they_o we_o be_v to_o follow_v aristotle_n in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o 2dâ—…ook_o de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la affirm_n and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o mathematician_n as_o himself_o say_v that_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earsh_n be_v 400000._o in_o belong_v cleomedes_n lib._n 1._o reckon_v it_o to_o be_v 300000._o for_o he_o say_v that_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o lysimachia_n and_o syene_n be_v observe_v by_o sciotericall_a instru_n ment_n to_o be_v distant_a from_o each_o other_o the_o 15_o part_n of_o the_o same_o meridian_n now_o the_o distance_n between_o these_o two_o place_n he_o set_v down_o to_o be_v 20000._o furlong_n so_o that_o if_o 20000._o be_v multiply_v bâ—…_n 15._o the_o whole_a will_v arise_v to_o 300000._o eratosthenes_n if_o we_o may_v believe_v strabo_n vitruvius_n pliny_n and_o censorinus_n will_v have_v the_o whole_a compass_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o contain_v 252000._o furlong_n to_o which_o number_n hipparchus_n as_o pliny_n testify_v add_v very_o near_o 25000._o more_o yet_o strabo_n as_o well_o in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o 2_o book_n of_o his_o geography_n as_o else_o where_o affirm_v that_o he_o use_v the_o sâ—…me_a measure_n that_o eratosthenes_n do_v where_o he_o say_v that_o according_a to_o the_o opinionof_n hipparchus_n the_o whole_a quantity_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v 252000._o furlong_n which_o be_v the_o measure_n deliver_v also_o by_o eratosthenes_n which_o opinion_n of_o eratosthenes_n be_v second_v also_o by_o that_o fabulous_a relation_n of_o dionysiodorus_n record_v by_o pliny_n lib._n 2._o cap._n ult_n where_o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v find_v in_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o dionysiodorus_n a_o epistle_n write_v to_o the_o god_n wherein_o be_v testify_v that_o the_o semediameter_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v 4200._o furlong_n which_o number_n be_v multiply_v by_o 6._o the_o product_n will_v be_v 252000._o cleomedes_n relate_v the_o observation_n of_o eratosthenes_n and_o posidonius_n 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the_o distance_n
betwixt_o syene_n and_o alexandria_n be_v common_o set_v down_o by_o eratosthenes_n pliny_n and_o strabo_n to_o be_v 5000._o furlong_n if_o therefore_o 5000._o be_v multiply_v by_o 50._o the_o whole_a will_v arise_v to_o 250000._o which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o furlong_n 〈◊〉_d to_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n by_o eratosthenes_n posidonius_n proceed_v after_o another_o method_n though_o not_o unlike_o this_o labour_v to_o prove_v the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o contain_v 240000._o furlong_n and_o first_o he_o take_v for_o grant_v which_o be_v also_o acknowledge_v by_o ptolemy_n lib._n 5._o câ—…p_n 3._o almage_a that_o rhodes_n and_o alexandria_n be_v situate_a under_o the_o same_o meridian_n now_o that_o bright_a star_n in_o the_o stern_a of_o argo_n which_o they_o call_v canobus_n and_o which_o never_o appear_v in_o greece_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o aratus_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o it_o first_o begin_v to_o appear_v above_o the_o horizon_n at_o rhodes_n but_o it_o do_v but_o stringere_fw-la horizontem_fw-la just_a touch_n the_o horizon_n and_o so_o upon_o the_o least_o circumvolution_n of_o the_o heaven_n set_v again_o or_o else_o as_o proclus_n say_v be_v very_o hardly_o see_v unless_o it_o be_v from_o some_o eminent_a place_n but_o when_o you_o be_v at_o alexandria_n you_o may_v see_v it_o very_o clear_a above_o the_o horizon_n for_o when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n that_o be_v at_o the_o high_a elevation_n above_o the_o horizon_n it_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n about_o the_o four_o part_n of_o 〈◊〉_d sign_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o fortieeighth_n part_n of_o the_o meridian_n that_o pass_v through_o rhodes_n and_o alexandria_n the_o same_o be_v affirm_v alo_n by_o proclus_n if_o you_o read_v he_o thus_o canobus_n in_o alexandria_n conspâ—…euè_fw-fr cerni_fw-la quarâ—…a_fw-la 〈◊〉_d signi_fw-la portione_fw-la supra_fw-la horizontem_fw-la 〈◊〉_d as_o iâ—…_n ought_v to_o be_v and_o not_o as_o it_o be_v corrupt_o read_v in_o alexandria_n prorsus_fw-la non_fw-la cerni_fw-la it_o be_v not_o see_v at_o all_o in_o stead_n of_o it_o be_v see_v very_o plain_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v creep_v into_o the_o text_n perhaps_o in_o stead_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d now_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o rhodes_n and_o alexandria_n be_v set_v down_o both_o by_o he_o and_o pliny_n to_o be_v 5000._o furlong_n which_o be_v multiply_v by_o forty_o eight_o the_o product_n will_v be_v 240000._o the_o number_n of_o furlong_n agree_v to_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n circumterence_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o posidonius_n ptolemy_n every_o where_o in_o his_o geography_n as_o also_o marinus_n tyrius_n before_o he_o have_v allow_v but_o 500_o furlong_n to_o a_o degree_n in_o the_o great_a circle_n on_o the_o earth_n of_o which_o the_o whole_a circumference_n contain_v 360_o 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o whâ—…le_a compass_n of_o the_o earth_n after_o this_o account_n conâ—…aineth_v 180000._o furlong_n and_o yet_o strabo_n affirm_v in_o his_o lib._n 2._o geograph_n that_o this_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n circumference_n set_v down_o by_o ptolemy_n be_v both_o receiuâ—…d_n by_o the_o ancient_n and_o also_o approve_v by_o posidonius_n himself_o so_o great_a be_v the_o difference_n of_o opinion_n concern_v the_o compass_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o yet_o be_v every_o one_o of_o these_o opinion_n ground_v on_o the_o authority_n of_o great_a man_n in_o this_o so_o great_a diversity_n therefore_o it_o be_v doubtful_a who_o we_o shall_v follow_v and_o if_o you_o shall_v desire_v to_o know_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o these_o dissension_n even_o that_o also_o be_v altogether_o as_o uncertain_a nonius_n and_o peucerus_n will_v persuade_v we_o that_o certain_o the_o furlong_n they_o use_v be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o quantity_n maurolycus_n and_o philander_n conceive_v the_o difference_n of_o furlong_n to_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o diverse_a measure_n of_o pase_n and_o therefore_o maurolycus_n take_v great_a pain_n to_o reconcile_v they_o but_o in_o vain_a for_o they_o seem_v not_o capable_a of_o any_o reconcilement_n they_o tâ—…ll_v we_o of_o divers_a kind_n of_o pase_n in_o use_n among_o the_o ancient_n it_o be_v true_a we_o assent_v to_o they_o herein_o but_o withal_o desire_v to_o hear_v of_o some_o diversity_n of_o furlong_n also_o or_o at_o least_o of_o foot_n the_o greek_n as_o i_o conceive_v measure_v not_o their_o furlong_n by_o pase_n but_o by_o foot_n or_o rather_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d now_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o extension_n of_o both_o the_o hand_n together_o with_o the_o breast_n betwixt_o contain_v six_o foot_n which_o we_o common_o call_v a_o fathom_n and_o be_v a_o measure_n in_o familiar_a use_n with_o our_o mariner_n in_o sound_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o other_o water_n this_o word_n notwithstanding_o be_v translate_v by_o many_o a_o pace_n but_o how_o right_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o learned_a man_n to_o judge_v xylander_n in_o his_o translation_n of_o strabo_n always_o render_v it_o a_o ell._n in_o like_a manner_n a_o furlong_n be_v define_v by_o herodotus_n a_o very_a ancient_a greek_a author_n to_o consist_v of_o 600._o foot_n the_o same_o also_o be_v affirm_v by_o suidas_n by_o much_o late_a than_o he_o yet_o hero_n mechanicus_fw-la or_o at_o least_o his_o scholiast_n one_o as_o i_o conceive_v of_o the_o low_a rank_n of_o ancient_a writer_n will_n have_v a_o surlong_n to_o contain_v 100_o fathom_n a_o fadam_fw-la four_o cubit_n a_o cubi_n a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a or_o twenty_o four_o digit_n but_o you_o will_v say_v perhaps_o that_o censorinus_n propose_v three_o several_a kind_n of_o furlong_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v the_o italian_a consist_v of_o 625._o foot_n which_o he_o will_v have_v we_o understand_v to_o be_v that_o which_o be_v common_o use_v in_o measure_v the_o earth_n the_o second_o be_v the_o olympian_a contain_v 600._o foot_n and_o the_o three_o and_o last_o be_v the_o pythean_a consist_v of_o 1000_o foot_n but_o to_o let_v pass_v this_o late_a if_o we_o do_v but_o look_v more_o near_o into_o the_o matter_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o italian_a and_o olympian_a furlong_n howsoever_o they_o differ_v in_o name_n yet_o to_o be_v no_o other_o but_o the_o self_n same_o thing_n for_o the_o italian_a furlong_n which_o contain_v 625._o roman_a foot_n according_a as_o pliny_n testify_v in_o his_o second_o book_n and_o twenty_o three_o chapter_n will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o olympian_a consist_v of_o 600._o grecian_a foot_n for_o 600._o grecian_a foot_n be_v equal_a to_o 625_o roman_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o grecian_n foot_n exceed_v the_o roman_a by_o a_o twenty_o four_o part_n as_o much_o as_o in_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o 600._o and_o 625._o among_o these_o so_o great_a diversity_n of_o opinion_n let_v we_o give_v our_o conjecture_n â—…iso_n both_o what_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o so_o great_a disagreement_n and_o also_o which_o of_o they_o we_o may_v most_o safe_o follow_v we_o will_v therefore_o pass_v by_o aristotle_n who_o assertion_n be_v only_o defend_v by_o a_o great_a name_n and_o for_o cleomedes_n his_o opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o compass_n 200000._o furlong_n we_o shall_v scarce_o vouchsafe_v to_o mention_v it_o but_o that_o archimedes_n also_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o same_o as_o of_o a_o portion_n not_o altogether_o disallow_v in_o his_o time_n let_v we_o therefore_o examine_v eratosthenes_n and_o posidonius_n who_o opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v ground_v on_o more_o certain_a foundation_n the_o cause_n therefore_o of_o their_o disagreement_n i_o conceive_v to_o be_v in_o that_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v measure_v exact_o the_o distance_n of_o those_o place_n which_o they_o lay_v down_o to_o work_v on_o but_o take_v they_o upon_o trust_n from_o the_o common_a reduce_v receive_v of_o traveller_n save_v only_o that_o of_o the_o two_o posidonius_n be_v the_o more_o extravagant_a whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a ptolemy_n ground_v his_o opinion_n on_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n exact_o measure_v as_o himself_o affirm_v when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o know_a part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v 79_o degree_n and_o 45._o minute_n or_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v full_a 80._o degree_n it_o will_v then_o contain_v 10000_o furlong_n allow_v for_o every_o degree_n sieve_n hundred_o furlong_n as_o by_o measure_v the_o distance_n of_o place_n exact_o we_o have_v find_v it_o to_o be_v but_o eratosthenes_n be_v much_o tax_v by_o hipparchus_n for_o his_o strange_a mistake_n and_o gross_a ignorance_n in_o set_v down_o the_o distance_n of_o placâ—…s_n as_o strabo_n testify_v in_o his_o first_o book_n for_o he_o reckon_v betwixt_o alexandria_n and_o carthage_n above_o 13000._o furlong_n whereas_o say_v strabo_n it_o be_v not_o above_o 9000._o