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B11942 The abridgment of Camden's Brita[n]nia with the maps of the seuerall shires of England and Wales.; Britannia. English. Abridgments Camden, William, 1551-1623. 1626 (1626) STC 4527; ESTC S107395 54,613 132

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the Earth which is visible and distinguisheth it from the rest which lieth vnder and is inuisible The Horizon is either Sensible Rationall The Sensible Horizon is the Circle that terminateth a mans ken looking round about him in an open place and therefore is greater or lesser according to the conueniencie of the place wherein a man standeth The Rationall Horizon is a Circle passing by the Center of the Earth whose two Poles are the point directly ouer a mans head which is called the Zenith and the point directly vnder his feet called the Nadyr The Rationall Horizon is that which Geographers reckon among the greater Circles and not the Sensible but both change according to the change of the place which way soeuer it is The vse of this is to discerne the diuers risings and settings of the Starres The Aequator is a great Circle passing thorow the midst of the Earth and diuiding it exactly into two equall parts or Haemispheres North and South The vse of it is to shew the latitude of any place for from it both the Southerne latitude betwixt it and the South Pole and the Northerne latitude betwixt it and the North Pole is to be reckoned The lesser Circles or parallels are either named with peculiar names as the Tropicks of Cancer Capricorne Polar Circles want such and they are commonly called Parallels The Tropicks are Parallels bounding the Sunnes greatest declination which is either toward the North and from the Celestiall Signe is called The Tropicke of Cancer or towards the South and is from another Signe called The Tropicke of Capricorne Both of these are 23 degrees distant from the Aequinoctiall the one Southward and the other Northward The Polar Circles are Parallels compassing the Poles That which compasseth the North Pole is termed from the signe of the Beare the Arcticke Circle that which compasseth the South Pole is termed the Antarcticke Circle because it is iust opposite to the former A Parallel compasseth the Earth from East to West and diuideth it into two vnequall parts These foure nominated Parallels or lesser Circles serue to describe the Zones so much mentioned in the writings of Ancients the vnnamed Parallels to set out Climates A Zone is a space of earth contained betwixt two lesser Circles the number of them is fiue whereof two are ouer-cold one ouer-hot and two temperate The two ouer-cold Zones are those parts of the Earth which lie betwixt the two Polar Circles and the Poles The two temperate Zones are betwixt the Tropicks of Cancer and the Articke and betwixt the Tropicke of Capricorne and the Antarticke Circles The Torrid or ouer-hot Zone is that which lieth betwixt both the Tropicks Both the Torrid and Frigid Zones though the Ancients thought them to be altogether vnhabitable are in many parts at this day well inhabited Againe the Inhabitants in the burnt Zones are called Amphiscians for that they haue the meridian shadow on both sides of them some part of the yeere Northwards and sometimes Southwards In the temperate Zones Hetoroscians hauing the shadow but on one side and the frigid Periscians hauing their shadowes runne round about Also the Inhabitants in the same parallel and opposite part of the Meridian are called Periaecians In the like parrallel on the other side of the line and same meridian Antiaecians In the like parallel on the other side of the line and opposite part of the meridian Antipodes A climate is a space of earth contained betwixt two parallels distant from the Aequinoctiall towards the North or South Pole the vse of climats is to distinguish the length and shortnesse of the daies in all places for places as they differ North and South so haue they vnequall daies and nights the more Northerly climats and places hauing longer daies in the Summer and longer nights in the Winter than the more Southerly doe enioy Thus much of the generall or sphericall part of Geography The speciall or Topographicall part hereof is that which setteth forth the description of the Terrestriall Globe so farre forth as it is diuided into distinct parts or places and is either 1 The description of some great integrating part of the Earth 2 Or of some one Region and so it is properly termed Chorography 3 Or of some particular place in a Region According to the greater integrating parts thereof the Ancients diuided the whole world into three parts no more being then discouered namely Asia Africa and Europa but now of late all the world being in a manner found out the rest is diuided into other three parts viz. Atlantis or America Septentrionall Meridionall and Terra del Chasdi or the South Continent Asia is bounded on the North with the Hyperborean Seas on the East with Mar del Zur or South Sea on the South with the Indian Seas and on the West with the Red Sea part of the Mediterranean Sea the Helespont and the Riuers Don and Duyna Africa is enuironed with the Midland Seas North the Red Sea East and the Aethiopian and Atlantick Ocean on the South and West Europe is bordered on the East with Don and Duyna on the North with the Frozen Seas on the West with the Atlantick Ocean and on the South with the Mediterranean Sea North America is termined on the East with the North-Sea on the West with the South-Sea on the North with the Hyperborean or Frozen-Seas and on the South with the Isthmos at Panania South America is confined on the North with this Isthmos on the South with the Straights of Magellane on the East with the Aethiopian Sea and on the West with Mar del Zur The South Continent is accosted on the North with Mar del Zur the Aethiopick and Indian Seas But how it is on the other parts is not yet discouered Each of these more spatious parts is againe subdiuided into many Regions as Asia is diuided into these Regions Chyna Tartaria Muscouia Georgia Armenia Natolia Syria Caldea Arabia Persia Magora India and Cauchychina with innumerable Islands called the Moluccoes or Spicerie Islands and Iapan c. Africa into Aegypt Abyssina Monomotapa Magadoxo Quiloa Mozambigue Manicongo Guynea Byledulgerid Barbarie Cyrenaica and Nubia with the Islands of the Canaryes Cape-verde St. Helen and Madagasar Europe into these Kingdomes Crymea Polon Sweden Denmarke Germanie both the higher and lower Greece Hungarie Bohemia Austria Italy France Spaine with the Islands of Candy Corsica Sardinia Maiorca and these most famous Islands of Great Britaine and Ireland North America into Noua Britannia Noua Albion Noua Anglia Virginia Noua Francia Florida Calfornia Noua Granada Noua Hispania Nicoragua c. South America into Castilia del-Oro Peru Chily Guiana Ouram Chicas Brasilia and Pantagones with the Antellar Iles. The South Continent so farre as is discouered into Noua Guinea Luchach Maletur with the Islands of Salomon Againe euery one of these Regions is subdiuided into Prouinces Hundreds or Counties These three kinde of parts make vp the perfect subiect of
The abridgment of Camden's Britan̄ia With The Maps of the seuerall Shires of England and Wales EUCLIDE PTOLEMIE Printed by Iohn Bill Printer to the Kings most excellent Maiestie 1626. TO HIS MOST SACRED MAJESTIE SIR THe Diuine Power that inspired the breath of life into man infused the life of Authoritie into the King This inspiration maketh man the image of God that other maketh the King in particular the Lieutenant of God And therefore humane right no sooner stileth one with the name of a King but diuine Heraldrie graceth him with the title of a mortall God thereby intimating that it is his chiefest glory within the sphaere of his Royaltie to imitate the singular gouernment of that power whose Substitute he is and with whose name he is honoured Now the vnparalleled excellencie of diuine gouernment ouer the world is grounded vpon that distinct knowledge which the Creator hath of the nature condition and vse of all creatures subiect to his gouernment And surely the readiest way for an earthly Potentate to make his gouernment exactly analogicall to that Jdea will be by getting an accurate knowledge of the nature and qualitie of the Land and People ouer which God hath made him his Lieutenant generall But the Metropolis and the Royall Throne require such frequencie of the Soueraignes presence that such knowledge cannot be gotten by his owne obseruations Our Maps therefore especially being ioyned with discreet obseruations as they are delightfull unto all are especially vsefull vnto the King for by this meanes though residing in his Princely Seat he may as the eye from the head contemplate with much delight and profit the remotest Territories of his Kingdomes And because affaires of a higher nature take vp the principal of his time longer Descriptions are not for the purpose the more compendious so as accurate are most sutable to the calling of a King Vpon these grounds most dread Soueraigne am I bold humbly to present these small Chorographicall Descriptions vnto the greatnesse of your Maiestie Their compendiousnesse will free them from being thought troublesome or tedious to your Maiestie and their exactnesse I trust will gaine them acceptation Howsoeuer shadowes they are of your Royaltie and therefore they desire that they as doth that Body which they represent may safely repose themselues vnder the wings of your Soueraigntie To which he commends them and his loyall seruice who is Your Sacred Maiesties most humble and most faithfull deuoted Subiect and Seruant IOHN BIL To the Reader OF all morall knowledge the knowing of our selues of all Mathematicall the knowledge of our owne Countrey is the most vsefull and profitable Yet had most men rather spend themselues and their precious houres in the most difficult trifles in the world than once to enter into themselues And most Students in Geographie take more delight to contemplate the remotest and most barbarous Countries of the earth than lightly to examine the Descriptions of their owne So that as if like those Lamij in Plutarch they had eyes abroad and inclosed them in boxes in their owne homes they are accurate in the Descriptions of the smallest village in a forraine Kingdome when they scarce know how the Metropolis of their ow●e Country is situated The excuses that are ordinary for this common neglect are either that accurate Descriptions are wanting or that they are so voluminous that they are preiudiciall both to time and purse But behold courteous Reader thou hast here exhibited vnto thee such exquisite compendious Surueyes of thine owne natiue Countrey as will at once take away these excuses and ease thee of this double grieuance The Country described both in regard of Commodities wherewith it is fraught and places of note wherewith it is graced is a perfect epitome of the World these Maps and Descriptions are a compleat epitome of it and therefore in a double regard worthy thy perusall And because no Maps can be rightly vnderstood without some insight in the generall termes or notions of Geographie I haue prefixed a compendious Delineation of the same If thou readest them and profitest by them I haue the principall of my desire If thou doest both with a candid approbation of the Labour I haue it with Interest A DELINEATION OF the vniuersall Notions of Geographie GEographie is a Science which teacheth the description distinction and dimension of the Earth and according to the common diuision is either generall or speciall or as some of our late Geographers haue more fitly diuided it it is either Sphaericall or Topographicall The Generall or Sphaericall part of this Science is that which setteth forth the naturall constitution of the Terrestriall Globe The Terrestriall Globe is a round body comprehended within the superficies of earth and water and situated in respect of the other Globes or Starres of the world according to Ptolemy and Tycho Brahe in the Center but according to Copernicus betweene the Orbes of MARS and VENVS The parts whereof it consisteth are either Reall Imaginarie Reall are such as agree to the Terrestriall Globe by nature Imaginarie are such as agree to it by vertue of our vnderstanding The Reall parts of the Inferiour Globe are Earth Water The Imaginarie parts are certaine lines which are not but for the better vnderstanding of this Science are supposed to be in the Earth These are either Straight Circular and of this kinde is only one viz. the Axell The Axell is a strait line passing thorow the middest or center of the Earth the extremest points whereof are termed Poles the North point is called the Articke Pole and the South the Antarticke The Circular Lines are diuided into the Greater Lesser The Greater Circles are such as diuide the Globe into two equall parts each whereof containeth in it 360 Degrees euery Degree being 60 miles so that the Earth by this computation is 21600 English miles about and almost 7000 miles thorow The Greater Circles are three in number Meridian Horizon Aequator And these are either Mutable viz. Immutable as the Aequator with the mutation of the place as Meridian Horizon The Meridian is a Circle drawne by the Poles of the world and the verticall point of the place Of these though the number set downe in the Artificiall Globe at the most be but 180 are there to be supposed in the Reall Globe as many as there are Zeniths or verticall points from East to West So places distant East and West haue diuers Meridians and in this respect it is called a Mutable Circle but places different directly North and South haue the same Among these one is of speciall note and use which Geographers commonly call the first and chiefe Meridian The first Meridian is that from which the longitude of places from West to East is reckoned This Meridian according to Ptolemie and the Ancients passeth thorow the Canary Ilands but according to our latter Artists vpon better reasons thorow the Azores The Horizon is a Circle comprehending al that space of