though not very manifest but as an image made of Marble newly begun Not yet finished and most like impolished pictures Yet what part of them was moyst with any iuyce And also earthy is turned into the vse of the body What is solide and cannot bee bowed is changed into bones What was lately a veine remained vnder the same name And so in a short space by the power of the Gods the stones Cast by the hands of the man tooke the shape of men And the woman was repaired by the womans casting of stones behind her Thereupon wee are a hard kinde and so experienced in labours And thereby do giue experiments from whence we haue had our beginning FAB VIII Of the restoring of the Creatures by the sliminesse of the earth and warmenesse of the Sun and the killing of the Python bred amongst them by Apolloes shafts in the remembrance wherof the Pythian games were ordained THe earth brought forth the rest of the liuing creatures in diuerse shapes of it own accord after that the olde moysture began to bee thoroughly warme by the feruent heat of the sunne and also the mud and the moist fennes Began to swel with heat the fruitfull seeds of all things Being nourished in the liuely soyle as in the wombe of their mother Increased and took some shape by continuance of time Euen as when Nilus which floweth into the sea by 7 mouths hath left the fields all wet and brought againe his streames into his anciēt chanell And the fresh mud hath waxen very hot by the heauenly Sunne The plowmen turning ouer the clods doe finde very many liuing creatures and amongst these they see some onely begunne according to the short space of their breeding some vnperfect and cut off by their shoulders and oft times in the same bodie one part liueth another part remaineth rude earth Because so soone as both the moysture and heate haue receiued a temper they conceiue and all things are bred of these two And although the fire bee contrarie to water yet a moyst vapour doth breed all things and a disagreeing concord is fit for increase Therefore so soon as the earth being slimie by the late flood waxed warme by the heauenly Sunne and by the heate from aboue It brought forth innumerable kindes and partly restored again the ancient formes partly created new monsters It indeed was vnwilling to breed such but yet it bred thee also at that time oh thou most huge Python and thou serpent being vnknowen formerly wa st a terrour to the new-bred people thou coueredst such a space of the mountaine Apollo killed this Serpent being loaden with a thousand shafts hauing almost spent his whole quiuer although he had neuer vsed such like weapons before except amongst Deere and swift Roes so that his poison was shed out by thē through black wounds And lest that long continuance of time might blot out the famous memory of this worke He ordained sacred games w th a renowned strift for masteries Which games were called the Pythian games by the name of the subdued serpent Heere which-soeuer of the young men ouercame by hand or feet or wheele receiued the honour of an Escule branch As yet there was no Lawrell and therefore Apollo did adorne the temples of his head being decent with long haire w th branches plucked from any tree FAB IX Of Daphne turned into a Laurell tree DAphne the of the Peneus was the first loue of Apollo which not Blinde fortune gaue vnto him but the cruell anger of Cupid Apollo being proude of his late subduing of the serpent sawe this Cupid bending his bowe And what quoth he thou wanton boy hast thou to doe with these warlike weapons this furniture which thou bearest becomes our shoulders Who are able without missing to wound the wilde beasts to wound also the enemy who lately beat down w th innumerable shafts the swelling Python couering so many acres of ground with his pestilent belly Content thou thy self to kindle with thy brand I know not what light loues and meddle not with our praises Cupid answered him Phoebus be it so that thy bowe smites all liuing creatures quoth he yet my bowe shall smite thee and how much all liuing creatures are inferior to God so much is thy glorie lesse then ours Thus hee spake and fluttering with his wings Hee stood forthwith vpon the shady top of Parnassus And drewe forth of his quiuer two arrowes Of diuers operations the one driueth away loue the other causeth it That which causeth loue is of gold glittereth with a sharpe head That which driueth it away is blunt and hath lead vnder a reed The God fixed this in the Nymph Peneis but hee pierced the very marrow of Apollo through his bones with the other The one of them falls in loue forthwith the other flieth the very name of a louer Solacing herself in the thick woods and in the skinnes of the wilde beasts which she tooke and becomes an imitatour of vnmarried Diana Shee had onely her head fillited vp with a ribband Many sought her but she despised all her suters And being vnpatiēt to hear of mariage without a husband she rangeth the vnwaied woods Neither regards shee the bridal song what loue or what marriage is Oft times her father said thou owest me a son in law my daughter Her father said oft times my daughter thou owest mee nephewes She hating the marriage tapers as a crime Blushing modestly And foulding about
â—d est melior natura viz. God that better nature so the words following import that he diuided c. r Ended or brake or determined r Contention That God the best nature tooke away this strife * Cut away or parted in sunder * Earths * Waters Diuiding the earth from heauen and the waters from the earth * Seuered or distinguished r Pure clear bright free from corruption * Heauen p The thick ayre wherin the clouds and raine are bred * Thicke or grosse The pure skie from the foggy ayre * He rouled out And hauing separated these forth of the Chaos * Exempted * Blind or disordered r Lumpe or Chaos Hee bound each of them in their own proper place and settled them in a quiet peace * Dissociate in their places or seuered a sunder * Places * Agreeable r The fier * Force or strength * Bowing downeward The fire or fiery power of the heauen bending downeward and lightest in the highest place r Appeared r In the highest part of all r Chiefe The ayre next to it in lightnesse and place r Grosse and heauy The solide earth pressed downe with the weight of it selfe and drawing all heauie things vnto it in the lowest place q The earth is said to draw all heauie things because al heauy things doe naturally descend to it r The great heauie parts out of the Chaos or all weighty things r Ouid doth not â—ssigne the third place to the earth but the lowest as beiâ—g thâ— heauâ—est and drawing downe alâ— heauie things vnto it and so the water compassing it about The water flowing vpon and compassing the vttermost parts of the earth in the third r The vtmost parts of the earth flowing vpon it in many places compassing it about not couering it all r The earth Al So when hee which of the Gods soeuer he was a Heere the Poet making â—s though he was ignorant which of the Gods it was which diuided the foure Elements intimateth that it was some greater and more mighty theÌ„ those which the common sort tooke for Gods In this Chapter the Poet sheweth that God hauing thus diuided the Chaos into parts * Cut or hath cut or seperated r Set in order * Reduced or brought baâ—ke viz. digâ—steit * Beâ—ng cut First hee made the earth round like a globe * In the beginning * He winded round or made round the earth * To the fashion or shape or like to * Orbe or bowle r That it might be * Equall or round and of like weight r On euery side That it might bee equall on each side b Pretum is any narrow sea where 〈…〉 to boyle à seruendâ— oâ— as â—ome wâ—â—â— Ã â—remendo r The mediterranean seas Then hee poured abroad the seas * To begin to swell or to rage r Violent vehement or fierce winds Commanding them to swell with the winds * Gone about or compassed in or hâ—med in r By those seas To inuirone the earth * Hee added also r Springs * Vnmeasurable standing waters or fennes r Pooles â—â—eres or deepe places aâ—waâ—es full of water After he made fountains the great standing waters as lakes and fennes r Compassed in or compassed about r Turning downewardes Also riuers kept in with crooked bankes * Thwart or winding or sidelong bankes * Which riuers * Diuers or separate Which being distant in places one from another r Swallowed vp Are some of them swallowed vp of the earth r Runne Others of them run into the Sea r As in a field or in a more large place of waters Where they haue more liberty as in a large field r Where there is more liberty or room for them r Dash against * For bankes And shores insteade of bankes r Plaine fields Next hereunto hee stretched out the champaine fields * Extended or stretched out to lye euen all abroad c A valley is properly the hollow betweene two hils r Vales or dales r Descend Making the valleyes to descend * Hee commanded the woods * A leafe viz. with boughs of trees The woods to be couered with leaues * Stonie hils to arise or rockes Mountaines rocks to ascend d Zona signifieth both the part of the body which is giâ—t and the girdle it selfe which girdeth it * Girdles or circles * Cut. e Coelius Rhodiginus sheweth out of Cleomedes a notable expounder of the â—ifficulties of the Poets that antica or the fore-part of the heauens is the West whither the heauens tuâ—ne quoniam illuc annuit mundus so the hinder part towards the East from whence it is carried towardes the West and thereupon the left part towards the South the right toward the North. Like as it is if wee stand with our face towaâ—des the West Hâ—e likewise diuided the heâ—uens into fiue zones or pâ—rts two on the right hand two on the left and the burning zone in the middest * So many or euen so many * Left part * The fift zone r Hot or scorching r Then these foure * Care r Diuided r The earth compassed about within those zones or circles Hee diuided likewise the earth into fiue climates proportionable to the fiue zones in the heauens r By the same number of fiue viz hath diuided the earth into so many parts * Cuts diuâ—sions circles or regions * Pressed or stamped * Of which climates that c. Whereof that which is in the middest is not habitable for heate f The fift which is the middle is more hot and scorâ—hing then the rest for the neeâ—enâ—sse of the Sunne passing ouer it twise in the yeer r In the middest g Thus the ancients thought but our trauâ—llers finde it otherwâ—se * High * Two â—limates of those câ—â—mates The two vttermost are extreamely cold * And hee hath set euen so many between both or either of them The two middle viz. betweene the cold and hot of either side temperate of an equal mixture of hot and cold * A temper * The flame r Hauing mingled or tempered them of hot and colde * Those climates * Which is heauier then the fier by so much by how much it is lightâ—â— theâ— the weight of the earth and then the weight of the mater The ayre hangeth ouer these which is so much heauier then the firâ— as the water is lighter then the earth h Pondus leuius Al Pondere leuior * He hath commanded both the little cloudes to stay there and the great clouds to stay there r Fogs or mists * Stand or abide In the ayre hee hath placed both the little cloudes viz. fogs and mists and also the great * About to moue or able to terrifie mens minds or the hearts of men * Humane minds The terrible thunder * Lightnings i All windes are cold by nature * Colds Lightning Windes * And also Hee also limited the windes that they should not haue free liberty of the ayre *
matter incredible but that antiquity doth giue certaine testimony vnto it * Put away Begin to lay away their naturall hardnes * Rigour sturdiness or roughnesse Or rather it is fained of the Poets onely to signifie the deprauation or peruersnesse of soule and bodie or of mans nature * Made soft To soften by little little * By delay * To lead And to take a shape * Straight-way whenas Yea so as some shape of man beginnes to appeare * They haue increased or waxed bigger * And a softer nature happened vnto them * As. * May. * So. Although not very manifest at the first * Manifest or apparant enough * Not exact or perfect enough Yet like images wrought in marble when they are newly begunnâ— onely rough hewen and not finished * Rude or rough And most like vnto impolished pictures * Signes viz. images or statues roughly hewen r Moysture And what part of the stones was moyst and earthy That is turned into flesh and bloud r Flesh. * What thing or what part The solide parts into bones * What part hath beene * Euen now The veines of the stones into vaines of the bodie * And so the stones sent by the hands of the man drew the face of men in a short time by the diuine power of the Gods And thus in a short space through the mighty power of the Gods * Sent * Of Deucalion The stones cast by the hands of the man are made men r Receiued the proportion and nature of men * Is. r By the stones which the woman cast behinde her Aâ—d those cast by the hands of the woman are made women * Hauing such experience or proâ—fe of labours or so able to indure toyle and hardnesse Whereupon it is comâ—e to passe that we are so hard a kinde * Documents or demonstration u Hence it is said to bee that the Graecians call the people 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a sâ—oâ—e * Of what originall wee are bred viz. whereof wee are made And doe giue continuall experiments from whence wee haue had our beginning euen from stones r The serpent or dragon a By the Python or dragon bred after the flood of the moyst earth is meant the â—otten noysome and pestilent vapours which were caused by the inundation and generall deluge vntill they were consumed by the beames of the Sunne signified by Apollâ—es shafâ—s b That liuing creatures may 〈…〉 the moyst 〈…〉 warme by the heate of the Sunne hee sheweth that Egypt is a witnesse where after the inundation of Nilus the cloâ—â— are changed into diuers shapes of liuing creatures by the power of the sâ—nne In this Fable the Poet proceedeth to shew the repairing of the rest of the creatâ—res r Other liuing creatures These are here inserted by the Poet not onely to shew the restoring of the rest of the creatures but also for the more fit knitting hereto of the next fable of Daphne turned into a Lawrell * Formes r Nature 1. How mankinde being thus restored the earth brought forth the rest of the liuing creatures of all sorts and that of it owne accord And secondly the meanes and manner thereof That so soone as the moyst earth began to wax warme by the heat of the sunne And especially the mud in fennie places * Humour or moyst earth * Waxed throughly warme or very hot * From. * Fire * Haue swelled Began to swell by the heat thereof The seeds of all things being in the same earth r In the earth ministring life * Quickning * Belly And nourished in that liuely soyle as in the wombe of their mother Increased and tooke sundry shapes by little and little * Face or forme * By delaying staying or tarrying or by little and little This he declareth by a similitude and an instance of the like in Egypt by the meanes of the riuer Nilus c Nilus is thought to be so named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 nouum lutum new clay or mud because it ouerflowing euery yeare carieth with it new mud whereby the fields are manured and made exceeding fruitfull and whereof these creatures are said to be bred * Hauing seauen streames or currents That euen as when Nilus that great riuer of Egypt running into the Sea by seauen streames hath ouerflowen their fields and is returned againe within his banks * Forsaken * Wet fields * And hath restored his flouds to the ancient chanell * Flouds or current d Alueo Synaeresis * Chanell or water-course r New mud or slime or moyst earth e The sunne is specially so called athereâ—â—idus because of the heate and influence of it aboue the rest of the starres * Fiery signe or star And that the fresh mud left behind it hath waxen warme by the beames and influence of the sunne * Tillers of the ground or husbandmen * The clods being turned ouer The husbandmen as they plowe and turne ouer the clods do finde very many liuing creatures caused thereby * They see in these And amongst the same some they see only begun to be formed according to the short time they haue had to be bred in * By the very space of breeding viz. according to the time of their breeding Some vnperfect and as it were cut off by the shoulders * Cut short viz. wanting shoulders or heads And ofttimes they behold one part of the same creature liuing another part therof still remaining a very lumpe of earth altogether without shape or forme * And one part oft times liueth in the same body * Is. r Vnformed or vnshaâ—eâ—â—aâ—th * Where or when as * Taken r A right mixt proportion Then hee setteth downe the reason hereof for that so soone as moysture and heate haue once receiued a right temper or mixture they straight conceiue and so of these two are all things bred * Doe arise r Moysture and heate * And whereas fire is a fighter or aduersary to the water a moyst vapour doth create all things And that although fire be contrary to water yet a moyst vapour wherein moysture and natiue heate are rightly mixed doth breed all things and sâ—ch a disagreeing concord is fit for increase of al young things f Heat and moysture separate doe naturally disagree but being mixed together rightly they agree well and are most apt for breeding all things r Viz. moysture heate mixed r Heate or warmenesse * Create make or fashion * For young ones or things to be bred or brought forth * Where or when as Afterwards he commeth to apply thâ—s to prooue the truth of the manner of the repairing of all things * Muddy dirtie â—â—ayâ—ie * Sunnes viz. the continuall shining and beames therof * High heate or pearcing deepe That euen in like sort so soone as the earth being all muddy and slimie by the late ouerflowing began to waxe throughly warme by the Sun beames heauenly influence * Shapes It
Or whether the earth newly made lately separated from the high skie retained the seedes of the heauen being kinne vnto it Which earth being mingled with riuer water Prometheus the Son of Iaphet Formed according to the image of the Gods ruling all things And whereas the rest of the liuing creatures do looke to the earth downeward He gaue to man a lofty countenance commaÌ„ded him to behold the heauen and to lift vp his face vpward to the skies So the earth which had beene but preseÌ„tly before vnwrought and without forme Being chanchanged put vpon it the vnknowen shapes of men FABLE III. Of the foure ages of the world v. z. the Golden Siluer Brazen Iron ages and first of the golden age THe golden age is sowen first which obserued fidelity and vpright dealing without any reuenger of the own accord w th out law There was no punishment nor feare nor threatning wordes were bound in fixed brasse neither yet did the suppliant company feare the face of their Iudge but they were safe without iudge The Pine cut out of her mountaines had not yet descended into the liquid waues that shee might goe to see the stâ—aunge world And mortall men knew no coasts but their owne Deepe trenches did not as yet compasse about the towns There was no Trumpet of straight brasse no hornes of bended brasse No helmets not a sword The nations liuing securely did follow continually their pleasant ease without vse of the souldier Also the earth it selfe as yet free and vntouched with the harrowe nor cut with any Shares yeelded all things of it selfe And they being content with meats prepared without any labour Gathered Seruice-berries and Straw-berries growing in the mountaines And Hawes and also bramble-berries sticking in the rough bushie places And likewise Acornes w ch fell from the broad spreading tree of Iupiter The spring was continual the pleasant West windes cherisht the flowers bred without seede W th their warm blasts Forth-with also the vntilled earth broght forth fruits The field not renued was white with r ful eares of corne Now riuers of milke now the riuers of Nectar ran And yellow honey dropped down froÌ„ the green holme FAB IIII. Of the other three ages viz. the Siluer Brazen Iron ages first of the siluer age wherein Iupiter contracted that perpetuall spring diuiding the yeare into foure parts AFter that Saturne was sent into the darke dungeons of hell The world was vnder Iupiter and the siluer age succeeded Worse then golde more pretious then the yellowe Brasse This Iupiter contracted the times of the ancieÌ„t spring And hee digested the yeare by foure spaces by Winters Summers inconstant autumns and a short spring Then first the ayre being burnt with drying heat Beganne to glowe and the I se haÌ„ged being congealed w th the r winds Then men first got into houses caues were their houses And thicke shrubs and rods tyed with pillings of trees Then first the seed corne was couered in long furrowes and the bullocks groned being pressed w th the yoke The third age being made of brasse succeeded after that More cruell in disposition and more forward to dreadfull warres Yet not mischieuous The last age is of hard iron Forthwith all wickednesse burst into an age of a worse metall Shamefastnesse and truth and fidelity fled away Into the place whereof there came both fraud and deceit And also treachery and violence and a wicked desire of getting The Mariner hoisted vp the Sayles to the winds although he yet knew theÌ„ not well and the Keeles W ch had stood long in the high mountains bounsed in the vnknowen waues Also the wary Suruaier bounded his ground with a long limite being common before as the light of the Sunne and of the ayre Neither onely the rich ground was asked corn and due nourishment but men went into the bowels of the earth And riches which it had hid deepe put vnto the Stigian shades are digged out being the r prouocations of euils And now hurtful iron golde more hurtful then iron came abroad war comes forth which fighteth with them both And shakes his ratling armour with a bloudy hand Men liue of rapine the guest is not safe from his host The father in lawe is not safe from his sonne in lawe and the agreemeÌ„t of brethren is rare The husband watcheth for the death of his wife she of her husband The terrible step-mothers doe mingle black wolf-bane The Sonne pries into his Fathers yeers before his day Piety lyeth ouercome and the virgin Iustice the last of the heauenly inhabitants left the earth imbrued in bloud FABLE V. Of the battell which the Giants prepared against the Gods ANd least the high heaueÌ„ should bee more secure then the earth They say that Giants did affect the kingdome of heauen And built vp mountains heaped vp vnto the high skies Then the Almighty Father sending downe his thunderbolt brake in pieces Olympus and smit out Pelion lying vnder Ossa When as their cruell bodies lay ouerwhelmed with their owne vast weight They say that the earth waxed wet being dashed w th much blood of her sonnes and that it animated the warm bloud And least no monuments of their progenie should remaine That it turned it into the shape of men and moreouer that that same
Thou in like manner alwaies beare the perpetuall honours of thy leaues Apollo had thus ended his speech the Laurell assented w th her boughs so lately made seemed to haue mooued her top euen as her head FINIS Adde quod ingenuas didicisse fideliter artes Emollit mores nec sinit esse feros Ouid. a Metamorphosis signifieth a change of one likenesse or shape into another of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whereof commeth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 transformo and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 transformatio Some books haue of the metamorphosis or transformation in the singular number others of the transformations in the plurall it is all one in effect one sort speaking of the whole work in generall the other of the particular changes * Metamorphosis r Changes r Ouid. Here first is set down the Exordium or entrance into this worke contained in these 4 first verses Which consisteth of two parts viz. a Proposition and an Inuocation * My minde carrieth me viz. desireth r I intend or I am purposed or determined b Formes changed into new bodies for bodies chaÌ„ged into new forms by a figure most common amongst the Poëts called Hypallage * Formes or shapes changed into new bodies d This is vsuall with the Poëts to beginne with the inuocation of those Gods which they thought to be the principall authors and directors of the matters whereof they writ * O ye God 's for euen ye haue changed those shapes no other 1. The proposition sheweth the authors inteÌ„t which is to set down a continued history of the first creation of all things and the change of them after c Aspirare signifieth to blow prosperously vnto A metaphor taken from the windes blowing fitly vpon the sailes of a ship so fâ—rthering it in sailing * Fauour ye c. * Aspire ye vnto or blow ye vnto viz. Prosper ye or giue good successe vnto 2. The inuocation of the Gods is to prosper this attempt And that first because this transformation was their worke alone Secondly for that his desire is to draw out the storie in a continued verse euen vnto his owne times to make each fable to arise and depend euery one vpon another * Beginnings or attempts r Yee and none other * Perpetuall viz. so continued as no transformation is omitted but euery one fitly knit vnto another that one fable might seeme to rise of another r Creation of the world This Ouid teacheth to be the order of the creation according to the Poets as they had receiued of the ancicients who it is most like had scene or heard of the sacred scriptures Which although it be not in all things agreeable to the scriptures yet in many things coÌ„meth very neâ—re therevnto r Seas * Earths or lands e Coelum quasi varjâ—sy deribus coelatum or q. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—concauâ—tate r The outward cirâ—cuÌ„fereÌ„ce wherin are the Sun moone and stars called the firmament or heauen r One oneâ—y Before Heauen or earâ—h were maue there was but one forme or fashion of all things * CountenaÌ„ce shape or fâ—shion f Oâ— nature viz. of all natural things whâ—râ— of nature is the auâ—hour Met. efficientis for nature is thus described Vis quaedam qua omnia 〈◊〉 r All the world * Which forme or countenance g Chaos signifieth hiatus â— gaping of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Poets meane by it a confused heape or lumpe which thâ—y hold to haue beene eternall and that out of it God formed all things contrary to the Scriptures which teach that God made this first and then all things out of it by his word aloue They seeme herein to allude to that which is Gen. 1. ver 1. 2 That in the beginning God created the Heauen the earth the earth was without form and voyde and darkenesse was vpon the face of the deep c. yet missing in the chiefe that God created first the very lumpe or masse r Men tearmed or the ancients called This the auncients called Chaos r An impolished vndigested masse or a greatnesse without distinction or order r Lumpe Which was a confused heape without all order r Sluggish or heauie and immooueable without all art And nothing but a dead and vnmoueable lumpe without all art r Contrary or repagnant h Those seedes were chiefly the fourâ— Elements called the first bodies of which all things consist Yet hauing the seeds of all thingâ— heaped vp together in it r Seedes viz. the beginings of all things disagreeing among themselues heaped or confused in the same place or in the Chaos t Titan son to Coelâ—m and Vesta viz. to the heauen and the earth There was as yet no Sunne to giue light to the world * The new mooue repaired Al the mone repaired â—er new hornes k Phoebe sister to Phoebus the Sunne so called o◠〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because or their brightnesse r Renew or restore Nor Moone to change and increase * Neither r Neither did the earth peized c. hang in the ayre l The earth alone of all the Elements remaines immooueable and is therefore called the center of the world because it is in the middest of all the elements vnto which all things descâ—nd * Weighed by her c. or stayed vp r Proper * Weights Nor earth hanging equally of it selfe in the middest of the ayre * Poured about or compassing it about * The sea had reachâ—d or stretched out m Amphitrite the wife of Neptune heere put for the Sea Met Effic * Brinke or shore * Earths or lands Neither any sea reaching along by the bankes of the earth * And also * There was All parts of the world were mingled and confused in one Al slie r Vnsetled or moueable The earth was vnstable r Not possible or fit to be swomme in The water not to be swomme in * Needing or wanting light The ayre without light * The owne forme or shape did remaine to nothing or to none of the foure Elements Nothing had the right shape n Contrary qualities were in the same subiect which now cannot be in the same manner * Another thing stood against other things r was contrary to others One thing hindered another For that all things did striue together in the Chaos r Striue or contend * Hot things Colde with hot * Moyst things did fight with drye things Moyst with dry Soft things with hard Heauy with light * Hard things r Weighty or heauy things * Did striue with things Thus much concerning the Chaos Now the Poet sheweth the the first generall chaÌ„ge how the foure Elements were made out of this by whom so all things out of them o This he speaketh either acccording to the opinion of those Philosophers who thought nature to bee superiour to God more mighty then hee as it is in the 9. Booke Or et may be taken for
Framer r Suffered or granted * to these * The ayre to be had or to haue the ayre viz. free liberty of the ayre * All abroad * It is resisted scarcely to them now viz. things can hardly abide the violence of them now For that they are so boystrous that they hardly can be resisted r Although euery of them hath but his owne region or quarter r Tract coast or quarter Although he haue restrained euery one of them to his owne part and region * But that they teare in pieces the world or butcher the world or destroy it k Epiphonemâ— Because they would otherwise teare the world in pieces thorough the vehemenâ—y of the discorde between them l Eurus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quod ab oriente flat It is called Vulturnus by a similitude from the fierce flying of the Vultur * Went backe or departed r The Sunne rising * Nabathaean kingdomes m Nabathaea is a part of Arâ—bia-foelix between the Persian Sea and the red Sea The East-wind hee hath limited to the Sunne rising viz. to all those parts towards the Sunne rising n Persia a Countrey in the East part of Asia * Ridges or tops of the hills subiect or lying towards the * morning beames The warme West-winde to the Sunne setting viz. to all those parts towards it o Zephyrus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 à ferenda satis omnibus vita of refreshing and quiâ—kning all things sowen p Boreas 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the noyse which â—t maketh or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 à nutrimento because it especially nouâ—sheth the body making it healthfull r Gone into The boystrous North winde to the parts towards the north â—ole or the Charles waine * The seauen flowe Oxen or the seauen starres called the Charles waine The moyst South-winde to the contrary parts r Pâ—rt of the eâ—rth * Doth waxe wet r Or by the rainie South q Auster q. hauster ab hauriend a aqua because it is commonly rainie Ouer these he set the liquid skie without all weight or earthly substance * Hee hath imposed or set * The liquide skie r Aether may be taken here for the Element of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—b ardendo 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â— semper currendo * And wanting waight * Any thing of earthly dregs or setling These were scarcely thus separated and setled but the starres * He had separated or distinguâ—shed scarcely r He viz. God r Setled and vnchangâ—â—ble Which before had lyen hid kept-in in the Chaos * Signes consisting of many starres as Aries Tâ—uruâ— c. * Which haue lyen hid long r Kept vnder that they could not shine r The Chaos r Shine bright in euery part of heauen Began to glitter in all parts of the heauen * Depriued or voyd of * Her viz. proper and belonging to them And lest any region or part of the world should bee destitute of her huing creatures He set in each of them seuerall kinds s He followeth their opinion who hold the stars to bee liuing and the fained Gods liuing creatures * Formes or shapes of the Gods viz. the imagined Gods of the heathens * Holde or haue r Heauen t Solum is taken for whatsoeuer doth sustaine other things as the earth doth the creatures vpon it q sol dum The stars and Gods in the heauens * Waues * Giuen place to yeelded themselues or fallen to the lot of r Shining Fishes in the waters r Receiued the beasts for her creatures u Ferae quod toto corpore ferantur They are properly wilde beasts here for all kinds by Synec spec * The wilde beasts x The ayre is called mooueable because it is easily driuen hither and thither * Tooke or receiued the birds to abide chiefly in it Beasts in the earth Birds in the ayre y Man is said to bee a holy liuing creature and partaker of a high mind because he alone is partaker of reason hauing some acknowledgement of the Lord by nature For this high mind doth signifie reason inlightned with the knowledge of God and of the law of nature * These viz. beasts fishes and birds * A high or deepe mind viz. of a profound memory and great wit r Vnderstanding or reason And finally whereas there was as yet lacking a creature more holy and of a more diuine â—nderstanding z Man through reason hath the vse and benefite of all the creatures making all so to serue him r Haue the gouernment of the rest * The rest of the creatures * Was lacking as yet Which might rule ouer the rest * Is. r Bred. Man was made but whereof by whom or how hee sheweth it to be vncertaine amongst the Poets a We are not to maruaile if the Poet professe his ignorance in the creation of man * That chiefe workeman or framer of things viz. God * Originall or fountaine viz the cause or author r The world after the Chaos Whether that God which had made all the oâ—her creatures framed him of diuine seede * Fresh or new Or whether of the new earth retaining still the seeds of heauen wherunto it was so neer of kin * Drawne asunder or diuided r Neere vnto it by kin as comming out of the same masses or framed together * mixed * Waters * He who was soweÌ„ or begotten or descended of Iaphet b Iapeto by Iapetus is thought to bee meant Iaphet the sonne of Noah whom antiquitie accounted a holy man of the number of the heauenly like as they account his sons whom the Poets call Titans to bee more ancient then man-kinde And amongst them one of them was called Prometheus à prouidentia because he was prudent and prouident aboue the rest Being mingled with water Prometheus the Son of Iaphet c This Prometheus is celebrated to haue been the framer of man either because wisedome is onely belonging to man or because man was made by singular counsell aboue the other creatures or else for that he was the first that instructed men in the knowledge of the creation especially of man kinde how God made him to his image and so as the knowledge of God all diuine vnderstanding came from him * Hath fashioned or framed vnto the image or likenesse * Gouerning all things Formed him according to the image of the Gods who gouern all things * The other liuing creatures * Doe looke vpon or behold the earth * Prone or inclining downeward or groueling And made him such a one that whereas the rest of the creatâ—res looke downewards towards the earth d This shape of man after this sort sheweth to what end he was created to wit to the acknowledgment of God and the contemplation of heauenly things which appertaineth to no other of the creatures * Mouth viz. a countenance looking vpward or high * See or looke to He gaue him a lofty countenance to looke vpward * Countenances erect to the signes or
Iupiter himselfe being the father both of Gods and men Hee maketh them also attentiue setting forth both the hainousnesse of the thing and his own care for their safety * I haue not beene * Doubtfull or troubled * In which Where is set out Iupiters Oration to the Gods in which hee laboureth first to make them attentiue by his care of the world and of preseruing the Gods that yet remained in the earth And this by comparison q The â—â—ants are 〈◊〉 to haue 〈◊〉 feâ—t for theâ—â—â—lish dâ—â—â—ces a hundreth hands for their violence * Prepared himselfe to cast on his hundreth armes to heauen taken or surprised * Armes r The Gods dwelling in heauen * Being captiue viz. taken subdued or conquered That hee was not more carefull for the kingdomes of the world at that time wheÌ„ the Giants sought to inuade and conquer heauen Because although that was a cruell enemie viz. the Giants yet that warre depended but onely vpon the Giants as vpon one bodie and so he had to doe but onely with theÌ„ to destroy them But now that hee must bee inforced to destroy all mankinde in the whole world all being becomne corrupt and rebellious against him so farre as sea and earth extended * One body of the Giants that is one kinred or stocke r Of-spring of the Giants r The manner how Magistrates should proceed in punishing euen as the Chirurgian with limbs past cure * All the mortall kinde is to bee destroyed of me * What way s Nereus a God of the Sea put for the Ocean Sea compassing the world * Nereus soundeth about viz. maketh a noyse about with his waues This hee bindeth by the solemne oath of the Gods viz. swearing by the infernall riuers running from the Stygian groue viz. by Styx t Hee sweares by Styx the riuer of hell as the Gods vsed to doe for that they feared to deceiue the God thereof * Flouds beneath * Sliding r The wood hanging ouer the riuer Styx u This was the reason why the Consuls of Rome had a bunch of rods tyed vnto an Axe carried before them to signifie that lesse offences are to be corrected with rods but that wickednesse that cannot be helped is to bee vtterly cut off * All things * Before * Tryed That howsoeuer all meanes were to be tried first for preuenting hereof yet fith all mankinde was becomn now as an vncureable and a desperate wound they were all to bee cut off for feare of corrupting that one part which yet remained sound r The wound that cannot be cured * Sword point * Sencere viz. whole and vncorrupt * Bee drawen to a like corruption x These were worthy Nobles which were accounted greater then men yet lesse then Gods * There are to mee halfe Gods there are rurall diuine powers For that hee had yet in the earth halfe Gods and countrey Gods as Faunes Nymphes Satyrs gods of the woods and mountaines y These Faunes are supposed to haue beene some kind of Baboons Munkies and the like which the poore people seeing but seldome thought to bee Gods For they are reported to haue beene little dwarfes with crooked Noses hairy bodies Goats feete and some of them hauing two hornes These vsed oft to daunce with other such like wanton gestures r Faunes Satyrs Syluanes were accounted countrey Gods r Nymphes were supposed Goddesses and they of sundry sorts according to the places which they are said to inhabite * Count worthy Whome because hee did not yet vouchsafe the honour of heauen to dwell there yet he would haue them to inhabite the earth which he had giuen them quietly and safely r At least * Earths lands or Countries Sabine maketh a doubt of it whether they were men or diuels r Gods inhabiting the heauens Then turning his speech more specially vnto the Gods there present asketh of them whether they thinke that those other halfe Gods the rest could possibly bee safe in the earth when as Lycaon durst plot mischiefe euen against himselfe the great God hauing the thunderbolt in his hand to be auenged of all his enemies and who was chiefe of all the Gods hauing all of them vnder him euen these themselues z Lycaon a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a The occasion or the Fable of Lycaons cruelty is thought by some to bee this that hauing ordained games for triall of masteres in a hill called Lycaeus vnto Iupiter whome he therefore called Iupiter Lycaeus he there first offered an infant vnto Iupiter vpoÌ„ his Altar which cruelty made him notorious and odious to all as eating mans fiesâ— so entertaining Iupiter Others thinke it to bee for murdering one of the hostages of the Molossians and offering him in sacrifice to Iupiter and so deuoâ—â—ing them as sheepe the Poets faine him to be turned into a Wolfe alluding to his name * Knowen or noted for or famous for it * Built viz. contriued or practised treacherre or treason * Tome b This is thought to be spoken in fauor of Augustus Caesar who escaped the treachery against him Not of Iulius Caesar who was so murdered c The name of the Romans was becomne famous by the worthy acts of Iulius and Augustus Caesar which was sought to bee extinguished in Augustus Caesar so conspired against to be murdered cruelly as Iulius Caesar had beene before * Haue and rule r Thunderbolt * Who doe possesse and rule you * Require earnestly with ardent or feruent studies him being bold to enterprize such things Hereupon the Poet shewes the effect of his speech how they all stormed asking earnestly for him who durst attempt this r viz. they asked for him to be punished Then sets out the manner of their murmuring by a fit similitude That like as when certaine wicked conspiratours sought to extinguish the famous name of the Romans by murdering Augustus Caesar as they had done Iulius Caesar before all mankinde was astonished with the terrour of the suddaine feare and the whole world did dread exceedingly so did they disdaine * So. * Hand viz. a company of wicked conspiratours * Doth cruelly rage * The Roman name in the Coesarian bloud r Amazed * Ruine or vtter ouerthrow intended or ready to haue beene executed r Was horribly afraid or trembled with feare d The religion loue of thy people of Rome who auenged the conspiracie against thee is no lesse acceptable to thee then the indignation of the Gods was to Iupiter for the intendment against him This sheweth the former to be meant of Augustus Caesar. r Subiects of Rome * Acceptable Afterwards turning his speech to the Emperour Augustus sheweth Iupiters acceptation hereof that this loue and piety of the Romans for being auenged on those conspiratours was no lesse pleasing to Augustus himselfe then that was to Iupiter * Hath beene e The Poet expresseth the gesture of them who command or cause a silence * With voyce And then how Iupiter staid