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if_o he_o mean_v that_o i_o shall_v tell_v he_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o water_n and_o of_o what_o sort_n it_o be_v i_o answer_v that_o it_o may_v be_v common_a water_n for_o that_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o drown_v the_o world_n but_o if_o he_o design_n that_o i_o shall_v tell_v he_o from_o what_o place_n it_o be_v bring_v and_o how_o it_o come_v there_o i_o must_v own_o i_o know_v not_o for_o to_o answer_v the_o question_n which_o he_o make_v in_o another_o place_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v all_o over_o the_o universe_n to_o make_v observation_n nor_o have_v i_o have_v any_o revelation_n make_v i_o it_o be_v enough_o both_o for_o he_o and_o i_o to_o suppose_v this_o water_n like_o common_a water_n and_o that_o it_o be_v bring_v upon_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o power_n of_o god_n the_o argument_n which_o the_o
scheme_n by_o which_o they_o think_v they_o can_v defend_v their_o own_o principle_n after_o this_o the_o defender_n pass_v to_o consider_v what_o be_v say_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o the_o examination_n about_o mountain_n he_o own_v it_o to_o be_v a_o subject_n that_o deserve_v consideration_n and_o he_o say_v that_o if_o the_o examiner_n can_v prove_v that_o there_o be_v mountain_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n he_o will_v undertake_v that_o the_o theorist_n shall_v make_v no_o further_o defence_n of_o his_o theory_n the_o theorist_n great_a argument_n why_o the_o face_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n be_v smooth_a and_o without_o mountain_n depend_v on_o the_o supposition_n that_o the_o chaos_n from_o whence_o it_o take_v its_o original_n be_v perfect_o a_o fluid_a mass_n this_o i_o affirm_v to_o be_v a_o precarious_a hypothesis_n without_o any_o foundation_n in_o nature_n since_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o body_n we_o have_v in_o the_o earth_n be_v hard_a and_o solid_a and_o there_o not_o be_v a_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o nature_n sufficient_a enough_o to_o moisten_v and_o liquify_v they_o the_o chaos_n can_v not_o be_v so_o fluid_a as_o it_o be_v necessary_a â—t_a shall_v be_v to_o form_v itself_o into_o a_o uniform_a smooth_a body_n beside_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o such_o as_o stone_n and_o metal_n be_v uncapable_a of_o be_v liquify_v by_o water_n the_o defender_n reply_n to_o this_o be_v very_o good_a what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o theory_n do_v the_o theorist_n any_o where_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v stone_n or_o metal_n in_o the_o chaos_n or_o that_o they_o be_v liquify_v by_o water_n the_o theorist_n own_v no_o such_o doctrine_n or_o supposition_n i_o hope_v the_o defender_n will_v not_o think_v this_o any_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n i_o be_o sure_a none_o of_o his_o reader_n can_v i_o think_v that_o it_o concern_v the_o theorist_n very_o much_o to_o prove_v his_o chaos_n to_o be_v a_o fluid_a mass_n of_o matter_n for_o otherwise_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o it_o shall_v have_v its_o surface_n smooth_a regular_a and_o uniform_a at_o least_o it_o be_v fit_v that_o the_o objection_n against_o its_o fluidity_n shall_v be_v answer_v for_o if_o the_o examiner_n can_v prove_v that_o the_o chaos_n be_v not_o altogether_o so_o fluid_a as_o the_o theorist_n imagine_v and_o from_o thence_o show_v that_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v smooth_a and_o without_o mountain_n than_o the_o theorist_n argument_n must_v be_v of_o little_a force_n and_o that_o objection_n will_v still_o very_o much_o weaken_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o theory_n i_o free_o own_o indeed_o that_o the_o world_n be_v produce_v from_o a_o chaos_n such_o a_o one_o namely_o as_o be_v record_v to_o we_o in_o scripture_n but_o i_o be_o far_o from_o grant_v that_o the_o theorist_n notion_n be_v any_o way_n agreeable_a to_o it_o he_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o element_n air_n water_n and_o earth_n with_o all_o the_o principle_n of_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v reduce_v into_o one_o fluid_a mass_n and_o mingle_v with_o one_o another_o so_o that_o the_o part_n of_o any_o one_o sort_n can_v not_o be_v discern_v as_o distinct_a from_o the_o rest_n this_o i_o suppose_v be_v a_o new_a sort_n of_o chaos_n which_o never_o exist_v any_o where_o but_o in_o fancy_n it_o be_v easy_a for_o i_o here_o to_o assume_v the_o defender_n method_n and_o argue_v against_o it_o by_o put_v he_o question_n how_o when_o and_o where_o be_v this_o mix_n and_o blending_a together_o of_o all_o the_o material_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n by_o who_o upon_o what_o design_n and_o for_o what_o purpose_n be_v this_o do_v be_v it_o to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v all_o settle_v themselves_o again_o in_o order_n and_o each_o take_v its_o place_n according_a to_o its_o specific_a gravity_n but_o if_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o before_o what_o necessity_n be_v there_o for_o disturb_v they_o only_o that_o they_o may_v range_v themselves_o orderly_o again_o he_o will_v do_v well_o also_o to_o tell_v we_o from_o whence_o he_o have_v this_o account_n of_o the_o chaos_n from_o sacred_a or_o profane_a writer_n if_o from_o the_o latter_a we_o be_v to_o value_v their_o authority_n no_o further_o than_o they_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o scripture_n since_o it_o will_v be_v no_o hard_a task_n to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v from_o the_o sacred_a history_n that_o the_o heathen_a writer_n first_o draw_v their_o knowledge_n of_o the_o chaos_n which_o they_o afterward_o corrupt_v with_o their_o own_o fancy_n in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n i_o can_v find_v no_o account_n of_o the_o mix_n and_o reduce_v of_o all_o the_o material_n of_o the_o world_n into_o one_o fluid_a mass_n moses_n indeed_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v tohu_n and_o bohu_n which_o we_o render_v without_o form_n and_o void_a and_o can_v we_o from_o thence_o conclude_v that_o all_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v fluid_a and_o mix_v together_o we_o may_v allow_v that_o the_o jew_n understand_v the_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n better_a than_o we_o or_o any_o heathen_a writer_n and_o they_o give_v they_o a_o contrary_a meaning_n for_o according_a to_o the_o syriack_n translation_n those_o word_n signify_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v without_o either_o habitation_n or_o cultivation_n terra_fw-la erat_fw-la deserta_fw-la &_o inculta_fw-la in_o the_o chaldaic_a paraphrase_n they_o signify_v deserta_fw-la &_o vacua_fw-la the_o targum_fw-la of_o jonahan_n b._n vziel_n suppose_v their_o meaning_n to_o be_v this_o terra_fw-la autem_fw-la erat_fw-la stupor_n &_o inanitas_fw-la vasta_fw-la à _fw-la filiis_fw-la hominum_fw-la &_o vacua_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la jumento_fw-la with_o which_o the_o jerusalem_n targum_fw-la do_v well_o agree_v according_a to_o which_o paraphrase_n they_o signify_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v stupor_n &_o inanitas_fw-la &_o desolatio_fw-la à _fw-la filiis_fw-la hominum_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la bestia_fw-la vacua_fw-la as_o that_o paraphrase_n be_v render_v in_o latin_n we_o may_v conclude_v from_o thence_o therefore_o that_o the_o jew_n think_v that_o all_o that_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o word_n tohu_n and_o bohu_n be_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v void_a and_o uncultivated_a without_o out_o ornament_n and_o inhabitant_n man_n or_o beast_n or_o any_o sort_n of_o ammal_n nor_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_a christian_a father_n any_o wise_a different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o jew_n as_o to_o this_o matter_n tertullian_n in_o his_o book_n against_o hermogenes_n say_v vnde_fw-la compertus_fw-la es_fw-la hermogenes_n uniformem_fw-la &_o inconditam_fw-la illam_fw-la fuisse_fw-la 〈◊〉_d ateriam_fw-la quoe_fw-la ut_fw-la invisibilis_fw-la latebat_fw-la and_o in_o the_o 30_o chapter_n he_o plain_o prove_v from_o scripture_n that_o there_o be_v not_o a_o confuse_a heap_n of_o matter_n mix_v and_o blend_v together_o out_o of_o which_o all_o thing_n be_v make_v st._n ambrose_n in_o the_o 8_o chapter_n of_o his_o hexameron_n say_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v incomposit_a a_o utpote_fw-la solertis_fw-la agricolae_fw-la inarata_fw-la culturis_fw-la quia_fw-la adhuc_fw-la deerat_fw-la cultor_fw-la and_o again_o terra_fw-la crat_fw-mi incomposita_fw-la quia_fw-la nuda_fw-la gignentium_fw-la nec_fw-la thoris_fw-la herbosa_fw-la riparum_fw-la nec_fw-la opaca_fw-la nemoribus_fw-la nec_fw-la laeta_fw-la segetibus_fw-la nec_fw-la umbrosa_fw-la superciliis_fw-la montium_fw-la nec_fw-la odora_fw-la floribus_fw-la nec_fw-la grata_fw-la vinetis_fw-la st._n basil_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o true_a beauty_n and_o composition_n of_o the_o earth_n arise_v from_o its_o great_a fertility_n beginning_n fertility_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o his_o 2d_o homily_n in_o hexam_n near_o the_o beginning_n whereby_o it_o be_v productive_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o vegetable_n such_o as_o plant_n of_o all_o kind_n lofty_a and_o tall_a tree_n as_o well_o those_o that_o bear_v fruit_n as_o those_o that_o afford_v we_o none_o fragrant_a and_o sweet_a flower_n differ_v both_o in_o colour_n and_o smell_v and_o the_o earth_n say_v he_o be_v naked_a and_o unfurnished_a with_o any_o of_o those_o sort_n of_o ornament_n may_v well_o be_v say_v by_o the_o scripture_n to_o be_v void_a and_o without_o form_n in_o those_o discourse_n of_o the_o ancient_a jew_n and_o primitive_a father_n there_o be_v not_o one_o word_n of_o a_o perfect_o fluid_a mass_n of_o matter_n out_o of_o which_o all_o thing_n be_v make_v there_o be_v nothing_o there_o of_o the_o mix_n and_o blending_a together_o of_o the_o element_n and_o all_o the_o material_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n in_o their_o write_n we_o can_v see_v that_o such_o a_o chaos_n as_o the_o theorist_n fancy_n be_v ever_o either_o deliver_v or_o suppose_v we_o find_v that_o their_o notion_n about_o the_o origination_n of_o the_o world_n be_v very_o different_a from_o the_o theorist_n who_o hypothesis_n be_v not_o therefore_o
world_n once_o perish_v by_o a_o deluge_n of_o water_n and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o perish_v again_o by_o fire_n both_o which_o be_v argument_n enough_o for_o a_o providence_n and_o of_o god_n particular_a care_n of_o the_o world_n this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v his_o plain_a meaning_n except_o st._n peter_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o a_o allegorical_a sense_n as_o well_o as_o moses_n after_o this_o general_a discourse_n he_o come_v to_o a_o more_o particular_a consideration_n of_o the_o inconvenience_n allege_v against_o the_o parallelism_n of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a one_o argument_n i_o bring_v be_v that_o by_o the_o present_a position_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_n we_o receive_v more_o of_o the_o sun_n heat_n than_o if_o it_o have_v move_v always_o in_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o if_o our_o heat_n at_o present_a be_v not_o too_o great_a for_o we_o as_o without_o doubt_v it_o be_v not_o it_o be_v a_o very_a good_a reason_n why_o the_o present_a position_n shall_v be_v esteem_v better_a than_o that_o the_o theorist_n call_v a_o right_a one_o wherein_o we_o shall_v not_o have_v so_o much_o of_o the_o sun_n influence_n as_o we_o have_v the_o defender_n think_v this_o be_v no_o argument_n against_o the_o theory_n for_o say_v he_o if_o the_o heat_n be_v equal_a and_o moderate_a in_o the_o temperate_a and_o habitable_a climate_n who_o will_v desire_v the_o extreme_a heat_n of_o summer_n i_o answer_v every_o one_o that_o observe_v how_o necessary_a the_o summer_n heat_n be_v to_o the_o production_n of_o vegetable_n and_o the_o ripen_n of_o their_o seed_n which_o can_v never_o be_v bring_v to_o any_o perfection_n do_v the_o sun_n shine_v always_o in_o the_o equator_fw-la whereby_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o our_o latitude_n will_v be_v little_o more_o than_o half_a of_o what_o it_o be_v at_o present_a in_o a_o summer_n day_n which_o therefore_o can_v never_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o growth_n and_o perfection_n of_o vegetable_n but_o say_v he_o how_o do_v this_o appear_v suppose_v the_o heat_n constant_a be_v there_o no_o vegetable_n in_o jupiter_n which_o have_v still_o the_o position_n the_o theorist_n give_v the_o primitive_a earth_n and_o which_o be_v vast_o further_a distant_a from_o the_o sun_n and_o by_o consequence_n must_v have_v much_o less_o of_o his_o heat_n whether_o there_o be_v vegetable_n in_o jupiter_n neither_o the_o theorist_n nor_o i_o can_v determine_v for_o we_o be_v never_o there_o to_o see_v and_o i_o believe_v it_o be_v never_o reveal_v to_o he_o or_o any_o body_n else_o that_o there_o be_v but_o suppose_v there_o be_v vegetable_n there_o what_o be_v that_o to_o we_o do_v he_o think_v they_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o texture_n of_o part_n that_o we_o be_v of_o or_o that_o we_o if_o they_o be_v transplant_v thither_o can_v grow_v and_o ripen_v in_o such_o a_o cold_a soil_n when_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o require_v at_o least_o twenty_o five_o time_n a_o great_a heat_n or_o influence_n from_o the_o sun_n than_o be_v in_o that_o planet_n beside_o it_o be_v requisite_a as_o i_o show_v in_o the_o examination_n that_o our_o plant_n and_o vegetable_n shall_v have_v very_o different_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o therefore_o there_o must_v be_v such_o change_n and_o alteration_n in_o the_o season_n as_o be_v necessary_a to_o produce_v the_o design_v effect_n for_o that_o heat_n which_o be_v require_v for_o the_o first_o growth_n and_o vegetation_n of_o a_o plant_n will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o ripen_n and_o perfect_v of_o the_o seed_n thereof_o and_o that_o which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o bring_v the_o seed_n to_o perfection_n will_v quite_o wither_v the_o green_a and_o tender_a herb_n and_o therefore_o since_o this_o variety_n of_o season_n and_o alteration_n of_o heat_n can_v be_v obtain_v either_o in_o jupiter_n or_o in_o the_o theorist_n antediluvian_n earth_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o our_o plant_n can_v never_o have_v be_v bring_v to_o perfection_n in_o either_o of_o those_o place_n but_o it_o seem_v this_o defender_n be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o the_o plant_n and_o vegetable_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n be_v of_o a_o different_a nature_n and_o constitution_n from_o those_o we_o have_v now_o so_o that_o he_o must_v think_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o our_o plant_n be_v perfect_o alter_v and_o change_v or_o that_o god_n almighty_n have_v destroy_v the_o old_a be_v please_v to_o give_v we_o a_o quite_o new_a species_n of_o vegetable_n and_o plant_n this_o be_v a_o miracle_n that_o be_v record_v no_o where_n in_o scripture_n or_o any_o where_o else_o that_o i_o know_v of_o and_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v not_o think_v we_o oblige_v on_o his_o word_n to_o believe_v it_o i_o affirm_v also_o that_o if_o the_o earth_n have_v such_o a_o position_n as_o the_o theorist_n assign_v it_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v habitable_a for_o he_o himself_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v uninhabitable_a in_o that_o earth_n and_o i_o be_o sure_a that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o two_o temperate_a zone_n will_v not_o have_v sufficient_a heat_n to_o ripen_v their_o corn_n and_o fruit_n and_o consequent_o will_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o desert_n to_o this_o he_o reply_n with_o this_o question_n how_o much_o less_o habitable_a will_v it_o be_v than_o the_o present_a earth_n where_o the_o open_a sea_n which_o be_v not_o then_o take_v up_o half_a its_o surface_n i_o answer_v that_o upon_o the_o same_o consideration_n i_o can_v see_v how_o any_o part_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v habitable_a for_o there_o be_v no_o open_a sea_n who_o surface_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n i_o can_v imagine_v how_o there_o can_v be_v vapour_n enough_o draw_v up_o to_o furnish_v the_o earth_n with_o water_n dews_n and_o mist_n for_o when_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o one_o half_a of_o the_o earth_n surface_n shall_v be_v cover_v with_o water_n on_o purpose_n to_o furnish_v vapour_n enough_o for_o rain_n and_o rivers_n how_o can_v it_o be_v supply_v if_o there_o be_v no_o sea_n at_o all_o can_v any_o man_n suppose_v that_o the_o sun_n act_v as_o free_o through_o a_o crust_n of_o a_o immense_a thickness_n to_o raise_v vapour_n as_o it_o do_v now_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o open_a sea_n this_o by_o the_o way_n i_o think_v be_v a_o very_a good_a argument_n against_o the_o theorist_n who_o assert_v that_o the_o primitive_a earth_n have_v not_o sea_n but_o the_o defender_n think_v that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a if_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n be_v the_o same_o as_o they_o be_v now_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v confine_v to_o herb_n fruit_n and_o water_n especial_o in_o the_o cold_a climate_n where_o the_o winter_n be_v so_o long_o and_o the_o cold_a vehement_a this_o he_o think_v will_v be_v a_o most_o unmerciful_a imposition_n real_o as_o hard_a and_o unmerciful_a as_o it_o be_v there_o be_v a_o very_a considerable_a number_n of_o people_n in_o these_o cold_a country_n the_o great_a part_n of_o who_o food_n be_v bread_n herb_n root_n milk_n cheese_n and_o the_o like_a and_o who_o seldom_o taste_v any_o flesh-meat_n and_o why_o may_v not_o the_o antediluvian_o lead_v the_o same_o kind_n of_o life_n i_o can_v see_v that_o the_o imposition_n be_v hard_a upon_o one_o than_o the_o other_o the_o defender_n say_v that_o the_o change_n of_o the_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_n be_v matter_n of_o fact_n and_o must_v be_v prove_v from_o history_n and_o he_o wish_v the_o examiner_n will_v consult_v antiquity_n which_o will_v give_v he_o a_o more_o favourable_a opinion_n of_o the_o theory_n as_o to_o this_o point_n one_o will_v imagine_v by_o this_o that_o this_o gentleman_n have_v the_o observation_n of_o some_o antediluvian_n astronomer_n to_o produce_v who_o have_v find_v that_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_n be_v change_v from_o a_o perpendicular_a into_o the_o present_a oblique_a posture_n but_o instead_o of_o those_o he_o only_o quote_v some_o philosopher_n that_o do_v not_o live_v within_o some_o thousand_o of_o year_n of_o the_o time_n when_o this_o change_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v make_v what_o credit_n be_v there_o to_o be_v give_v to_o such_o a_o tradition_n can_v we_o imagine_v that_o there_o can_v be_v any_o thing_n certain_o know_v from_o author_n that_o live_v so_o long_o after_o the_o time_n of_o this_o change_n especial_o when_o these_o man_n have_v say_v a_o thousand_o other_o thing_n that_o neither_o the_o theorist_n nor_o any_o body_n else_o can_v believe_v and_o yet_o if_o we_o consider_v what_o they_o have_v say_v we_o shall_v find_v it_o but_o very_o little_a to_o his_o purpose_n diogenes_n
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other_o cause_n than_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n though_o the_o argument_n i_o have_v already_o give_v clear_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v no_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o vapour_n cause_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n within_o the_o abyss_n yet_o i_o show_v that_o grant_v the_o sun_n heat_n have_v reach_v the_o abyss_n even_o than_o a_o universal_a deluge_n can_v not_o follow_v from_o thence_o because_o i_o demonstrate_v by_o a_o calculation_n that_o if_o the_o sun_n heat_n draw_v vapour_n from_o the_o abyss_n sufficient_a to_o furnish_v the_o river_n on_o the_o earth_n it_o must_v have_v exhaust_v this_o great_a treasure_n long_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n this_o manner_n of_o examine_v the_o defender_n call_v contention_n and_o go_v from_o one_o extreme_a to_o another_o though_o for_o my_o part_n i_o think_v there_o can_v be_v fair_a deal_n than_o first_o to_o prove_v that_o his_o principle_n and_o hypothesis_n be_v false_a and_o disagreeable_a to_o nature_n and_o then_o suppose_v they_o true_a to_o show_v that_o his_o reason_n upon_o they_o be_v false_a and_o inconclusive_a and_o the_o cause_n he_o assign_v be_v no_o way_n proportionable_a to_o the_o effect_n he_o will_v account_v for_o however_o our_o author_n assure_v we_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o uncertainty_n in_o the_o computation_n he_o know_v i_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o give_v a_o exact_a estimation_n of_o the_o water_n that_o the_o river_n send_v into_o the_o sea_n i_o can_v suppose_v that_o i_o have_v not_o come_v within_o the_o truth_n by_o one_o two_o or_o three_o cubical_a mile_n of_o water_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o need_v to_o allow_v nay_o i_o will_v grant_v he_o that_o i_o have_v err_v a_o twenty_o part_n or_o even_o one_o half_a if_o he_o please_v and_o yet_o the_o argument_n will_v be_v strong_a enough_o for_o according_a to_o the_o computation_n the_o abyss_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v exhaust_v in_o the_o space_n of_o 460._o year_n now_o from_o the_o creation_n to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n there_o be_v 1600._o year_n by_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o which_o ever_o of_o these_o hypothesis_n he_o take_v the_o abyss_n must_v have_v be_v empty_a long_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n but_o he_o think_v i_o go_v in_o this_o calculation_n on_o principle_n that_o be_v not_o allow_v by_o the_o theorist_n because_o i_o suppose_v the_o water_n of_o the_o present_a sea_n equal_a to_o the_o water_n of_o the_o great_a abyss_n whereas_o say_v he_o there_o be_v near_o twice_o as_o much_o water_n in_o the_o great_a deep_a as_o be_v now_o in_o the_o ocean_n see_v the_o abyss_n be_v extend_v under_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o the_o sea_n reach_v but_o to_o the_o half_a of_o it_o i_o always_o presume_v that_o it_o be_v the_o theorist_n hypothesis_n that_o the_o crust_n fall_v down_o upon_o the_o abyss_n and_o drive_v the_o water_n from_o their_o place_n so_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o 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but_o what_o if_o there_o be_v twice_o as_o much_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n as_o there_o be_v now_o in_o the_o ocean_n yet_o even_o in_o that_o case_n the_o whole_a must_v have_v be_v exhaust_v long_o before_o the_o deluge_n since_o one_o ocean_n can_v have_v be_v draw_v up_o in_o the_o space_n of_o 460._o year_n nay_o if_o we_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v but_o just_a so_o many_o river_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n as_o there_o be_v now_o in_o we_o whereas_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o dry_a land_n there_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v twice_o as_o many_o yet_o in_o the_o space_n of_o 1600._o year_n there_o be_v time_n enough_o to_o have_v the_o whole_a abyss_n exhaust_v as_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o calculation_n the_o defender_n allege_v that_o the_o river_n be_v not_o supply_v by_o the_o vapour_n only_o from_o the_o abyss_n but_o also_o from_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n upon_o it_o this_o evasion_n be_v foresee_v and_o obviate_v by_o i_o in_o the_o 165._o page_z of_o the_o examination_n where_o i_o prove_v that_o there_o must_v be_v at_o least_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o vapour_n exhale_v from_o the_o abyss_n as_o be_v before_o because_o the_o same_o cause_n still_o continue_v to_o act_v will_v still_o produce_v the_o same_o effect_n and_o the_o abyss_n have_v at_o first_o furnish_v the_o river_n with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n will_v still_o continue_v to_o furnish_v they_o in_o the_o same_o quantity_n nay_o rather_o in_o a_o much_o great_a since_o according_a to_o the_o theory_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v strong_a and_o strong_a every_o day_n upon_o the_o abyss_n and_o the_o vapour_n exhale_v be_v so_o many_o at_o last_o that_o not_o be_v all_o of_o they_o able_a to_o crowd_v through_o the_o pore_n they_o break_v the_o thick_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o their_o violent_a effect_n to_o expand_v themselves_o and_o fly_v upward_o thus_o we_o see_v all_o the_o shift_n and_o evasion_n which_o this_o author_n make_v be_v not_o of_o the_o least_o weight_n against_o my_o computation_n but_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o water_n in_o the_o present_a ocean_n be_v then_o in_o the_o abyss_n yet_o i_o prove_v that_o from_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o crust_n there_o can_v arise_v no_o universal_a deluge_n because_o the_o theorist_n himself_o prove_v that_o there_o must_v be_v at_o least_o eight_o ocean_n of_o water_n require_v to_o cover_v the_o earth_n the_o defender_n confess_v that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o make_v a_o deluge_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o stand_a pool_n over-topping_a and_o stand_a calm_a over_o the_o head_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n as_o it_o be_v usual_o conceive_v but_o the_o deluge_n that_o rise_v from_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o crust_n be_v rather_o like_v a_o rush_a sea_n overflow_a and_o sweep_v they_o with_o its_o rage_a wave_n and_o impetuous_a fluctuation_n i_o beg_v the_o theorist_n pardon_n for_o mistake_v he_o i_o think_v that_o he_o design_v to_o explain_v noah_n deluge_n and_o not_o one_o of_o his_o own_o imagination_n now_o i_o can_v easy_o prove_v that_o such_o a_o deluge_n as_o this_o gentleman_n conceive_v be_v no_o way_n like_o that_o which_o happen_v in_o the_o day_n of_o noah_n for_o though_o the_o theorist_n compute_v but_o eight_o ocean_n of_o water_n that_o be_v sufficient_a to_o cover_v the_o whole_a earth_n above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n yet_o i_o determine_v the_o quantity_n more_o nice_o in_o my_o remark_n on_o mr._n whistons_n theory_n where_o i_o prove_v that_o there_o must_v be_v at_o least_o three_o and_o twenty_o ocean_n of_o water_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o such_o a_o effect_n from_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n can_v but_o cover_v one_o part_n of_o twenty_o three_o at_o a_o time_n and_o the_o other_o twenty_o two_o part_n must_v remain_v dry_a and_o that_o after_o the_o water_n have_v overflow_v this_o part_n it_o must_v have_v proceed_v to_o the_o next_o and_o so_o successive_o till_o at_o last_o it_o have_v overflow_v the_o whole_a earth_n this_o be_v the_o way_n that_o our_o author_n must_v conceive_v the_o deluge_n let_v we_o see_v now_o what_o account_v the_o scripture_n give_v we_o of_o noah_n deluge_n genes_n chap._n 7._o v._n 2._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o great_a deep_a be_v break_v up_o and_o the_o window_n of_o heaven_n be_v open_v and_o the_o rain_n be_v upon_o the_o earth_n forty_o day_n and_o forty_o night_n and_o again_o vers_fw-la 17._o and_o the_o flood_n be_v forty_o day_n upon_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o water_n increase_v and_o bear_v up_o the_o ark_n and_o it_o be_v lift_v up_o above_o the_o earth_n vers_fw-la 18._o
and_o the_o water_n prevail_v and_o be_v increase_v great_o upon_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o ark_n go_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n vers_fw-la 19_o and_o the_o water_n prevail_v exceed_o upon_o the_o earth_n and_o all_o the_o high_a hill_n that_o be_v under_o the_o whole_a heaven_n be_v cover_v vers_fw-la 20._o fifteen_o cubit_n upward_o do_v the_o water_n prevail_v and_o the_o mountain_n be_v cover_v vers_fw-la 24._o and_o the_o water_n prevail_v upon_o the_o earth_n a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o day_n chap._n 8._o ver_fw-la 1._o and_o god_n make_v a_o wind_n to_o pass_v over_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o water_n assuage_v verss_n 2._o the_o fountain_n also_o of_o the_o deep_a and_o the_o window_n of_o heaven_n be_v stop_v and_o the_o rain_n from_o heaven_n be_v restrain_v vers_fw-la 3._o and_o the_o water_n return_v from_o off_o the_o earth_n continual_o and_o after_o the_o end_n of_o the_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o day_n the_o water_n be_v abate_v ver_fw-la 5._o and_o the_o water_n decrease_v continual_o until_o the_o ten_o month_n in_o the_o ten_o month_n on_o the_o five_o day_n of_o the_o month_n be_v the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n see_v we_o may_v observe_v from_o this_o that_o the_o scripture_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v under_o a_o deluge_n at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o water_n increase_v and_o prevail_v gradual_o every_o where_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 150._o day_n that_o all_o the_o high_a hill_n under_o the_o whole_a heaven_n be_v cover_v that_o all_o these_o mountain_n lay_v under_o water_n for_o several_a month_n that_o the_o ark_n swim_v and_o be_v carry_v up_o above_o the_o mountain_n and_o when_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o abate_v it_o rest_v at_o last_o upon_o one_o of_o they_o that_o it_o be_v the_o eight_o month_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o deluge_n when_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n first_o begin_v to_o appear_v till_o which_o time_n they_o lay_v all_o of_o they_o hide_v and_o cover_v with_o water_n now_o in_o the_o theorist_n imaginary_a deluge_n it_o be_v plain_a as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v but_o a_o twenty_o three_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n cover_v with_o water_n at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o be_v also_o evident_a that_o the_o water_n can_v not_o increase_v gradual_o in_o any_o one_o place_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 150._o day_n since_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v to_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o water_n in_o that_o time_n his_o single_a ocean_n of_o water_n can_v not_o stay_v but_o the_o three_o and_o twenty_o part_n of_o that_o time_n in_o one_o place_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v have_v go_v off_o from_o that_o place_n and_o leave_v it_o dry_v long_o before_o the_o end_n of_o those_o day_n nor_o be_v this_o idea_n of_o a_o deluge_n less_o consistent_a with_o reason_n and_o philosophy_n than_o it_o be_v with_o scripture_n be_v it_o possible_a to_o conceive_v a_o move_a wander_a mountain_n of_o water_n for_o water_n natural_o settle_v its_o self_n into_o a_o surface_n concentrical_a to_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o whatever_o force_n or_o however_o it_o shall_v be_v raise_v into_o a_o heap_n it_o will_v immediate_o spread_v itself_o uniform_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o descend_v by_o whatever_o way_n it_o can_v if_o therefore_o we_o shall_v suppose_v all_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n draw_v or_o force_v up_o to_o cover_v the_o hill_n of_o any_o one_o place_n it_o will_v immediate_o descend_v and_o form_v itself_o into_o a_o surface_n parallel_v to_o the_o horizon_n and_o so_o spread_v its_o self_n equal_o every_o where_n upon_o the_o valley_n of_o the_o earth_n leave_v the_o mountain_n quite_o uncover_v the_o theorist_n himself_o acknowledge_v that_o a_o mountain_n of_o water_n be_v a_o impossible_a thing_n and_o indeed_o this_o notion_n of_o a_o deluge_n seem_v to_o be_v so_o extravagant_a that_o i_o can_v scarce_o think_v that_o any_o body_n will_v be_v so_o credulous_a as_o to_o believe_v it_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o it_o can_v be_v any_o other_o way_n if_o we_o suppose_v all_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o have_v be_v cover_v with_o a_o ocean_n of_o water_n of_o no_o great_a dimension_n than_o that_o assign_v in_o the_o theory_n which_o can_v cover_v more_o than_o the_o three_o and_o twenty_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n surface_n the_o defender_n in_o vain_a allege_v that_o we_o be_v to_o conceive_v this_o ocean_n as_o a_o mighty_a rush_a sea_n overflow_a and_o sweep_v with_o its_o rage_a wave_n and_o impetuous_a fluctuation_n all_o the_o mountain_n for_o this_o will_v not_o at_o all_o take_v away_o the_o absurdity_n because_o motion_n can_v never_o multiply_v any_o body_n nor_o make_v it_o to_o be_v at_o more_o place_n than_o one_o at_o a_o time_n water_n can_v only_o by_o motion_n be_v in_o many_o place_n successive_o which_o will_v give_v we_o the_o idea_n of_o such_o a_o move_a heap_n or_o mountain_n of_o water_n as_o we_o have_v just_a now_o prove_v impossible_a nor_o be_v this_o notion_n of_o a_o deluge_n agreeable_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o theory_n for_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o crust_n to_o have_v be_v break_v by_o the_o force_n of_o vapour_n endeavour_v to_o expand_v themselves_o it_o must_v immediate_o fall_v down_o and_o drive_v the_o water_n of_o the_o abyss_n out_o of_o its_o place_n some_o one_o way_n and_o some_o another_o this_o water_n will_v ascend_v with_o a_o very_a considerable_a force_n let_v we_o suppose_v as_o far_o as_o five_o mile_n perpendicular_a height_n after_o which_o it_o will_v descend_v again_o and_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o all_o this_o will_v be_v by_o computation_n in_o much_o less_o time_n than_o one_o day_n these_o water_n have_v acquire_v a_o great_a force_n by_o their_o fall_n will_v descend_v very_o swift_o into_o the_o valley_n and_o cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o leave_v both_o mountain_n and_o upper-ground_n quite_o uncover_v and_o as_o the_o water_n that_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o crust_n can_v cover_v no_o more_o than_o a_o twenty_o three_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n surface_n so_o it_o be_v evident_a it_o can_v remain_v but_o a_o very_a short_a time_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o those_o mountain_n it_o overflow_v whereas_o in_o noah_n deluge_n all_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o earth_n lie_v under_o water_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 150._o day_n thus_o i_o have_v prove_v that_o the_o deluge_n the_o defender_n endeavour_v to_o explain_v be_v neither_o consistent_a with_o the_o holy_a scripture_n true_a reason_n and_o philosophy_n nor_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o theory_n from_o whence_o he_o pretend_v to_o deduce_v it_o of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n though_o what_o the_o theorist_n have_v say_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v one_o of_o his_o gross_a and_o most_o palpable_a error_n and_o though_o there_o be_v a_o positive_a demonstration_n that_o it_o be_v of_o a_o figure_n direct_o contrary_a to_o that_o he_o assign_v yet_o his_o defender_n think_v himself_o oblige_v to_o maintain_v it_o and_o therefore_o spend_v more_o time_n and_o paper_n about_o it_o than_o upon_o any_o other_o point_n he_o be_v not_o content_v with_o what_o have_v be_v say_v by_o several_a mathematician_n and_o philosopher_n of_o the_o present_a age_n upon_o this_o subject_a though_o one_o will_v think_v that_o they_o know_v the_o method_n to_o determine_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n much_o better_a than_o either_o the_o theorist_n or_o himself_o he_o be_v afraid_a that_o they_o will_v give_v it_o against_o he_o and_o therefore_o he_o appeal_v from_o they_o to_o some_o far_a observation_n that_o he_o and_o the_o theorist_n point_v out_o and_o direct_v we_o to_o make_v as_o to_o observe_v for_o instance_n whether_o the_o extent_n of_o a_o degree_n be_v the_o same_o in_o different_a latitude_n or_o whether_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o a_o total_a eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v true_o round_a as_o also_o to_o observe_v if_o towards_o the_o pole_n the_o return_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o their_o horizon_n be_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o a_o spherical_a surface_n of_o the_o earth_n these_o be_v the_o observation_n the_o theorist_n will_v have_v make_v to_o determine_v the_o controversy_n which_o i_o will_v now_o consider_v leave_v the_o defender_n observation_n to_o be_v examine_v in_o a_o proper_a place_n i_o note_v in_o the_o examination_n that_o i_o do_v not_o think_v any_o observation_n that_o can_v be_v make_v upon_o different_a measure_n of_o a_o degree_n in_o different_a latitude_n can_v be_v so_o nice_a and_o exact_a as_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o determine_v the_o point_n in_o controversy_n for_o suppose_v that_o the_o great_a diameter_n of_o the_o
earth_n be_v to_o its_o least_o as_o 101._o to_o 100_o by_o which_o one_o semidiameter_n will_v be_v very_o near_o 40._o miles_n great_a than_o the_o other_o a_o difference_n which_o his_o friend_n who_o be_v so_o kind_a as_o to_o write_v he_o a_o letter_n think_v to_o be_v much_o too_o great_a and_o then_o the_o great_a degree_n upon_o the_o meridian_n will_v be_v to_o the_o least_o very_o near_o in_o the_o same_o proportion_n that_o be_v it_o will_v be_v 1_o part_n of_o 100_o great_a than_o the_o other_o but_o this_o difference_n be_v so_o very_o small_a that_o i_o believe_v no_o observation_n in_o order_n to_o this_o discovery_n be_v nice_a enough_o to_o be_v rely_v upon_o for_o where_o the_o length_n of_o a_o degree_n in_o miles_n be_v determine_v either_o by_o the_o resolution_n of_o many_o right-lined_n or_o spherical_a triangle_n it_o be_v scarce_o probable_a that_o the_o error_n in_o observation_n and_o measure_v will_v amount_v to_o less_o than_o â…”_n of_o a_o mile_n though_o therefore_o we_o can_v scarce_o hope_v of_o ever_o attain_v to_o a_o knowledge_n of_o the_o earth_n figure_n by_o measure_v of_o it_o yet_o to_o satisfy_v the_o theorist_n in_o this_o matter_n i_o take_v notice_n of_o one_o dr._n eisenschmidt_n who_o compare_v the_o magnitude_n of_o degree_n observe_v in_o different_a latitude_n and_o find_v that_o they_o be_v great_a at_o the_o equator_fw-la then_o at_o the_o pole_n and_o that_o they_o gradual_o decrease_v from_o the_o equator_fw-la towards_o either_o of_o the_o pole_n from_o which_o he_o infer_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o such_o a_o figure_n as_o the_o theorist_n have_v assign_v to_o it_o whereas_o i_o follow_v the_o theorist_n principle_n demonstrate_v that_o the_o earth_n must_v have_v another_o figure_n and_o that_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la must_v be_v great_a than_o its_o axis_n but_o our_o defender_n say_v that_o my_o demonstration_n proceed_v upon_o a_o supposition_n that_o the_o vertical_a line_n or_o the_o line_n of_o gravity_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v the_o line_n of_o direction_n of_o heavy_a body_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v direct_o to_o the_o centre_n do_v not_o the_o theorist_n admit_v of_o the_o same_o supposition_n do_v not_o he_o make_v the_o water_n descend_v from_o the_o pole_n to_o the_o equator_fw-la that_o it_o may_v be_v so_o much_o nigh_a to_o the_o centre_n since_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o theorist_n the_o line_n of_o direction_n of_o heavy_a body_n be_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o if_o we_o proceed_v upon_o that_o hypothesis_n where_o the_o degree_n be_v great_a there_o the_o earth_n must_v have_v its_o diameter_n great_a it_o will_v evident_o follow_v from_o eisenschmidt_n observation_n that_o the_o earth_n must_v not_o be_v a_o oblong_a spheroid_fw-fr but_o a_o broad_a one_o and_o have_v its_o axis_n short_a than_o the_o diameter_n of_o its_o equator_fw-la our_o defender_n tell_v we_o that_o dr._n eisenschmidt_n suppose_v the_o vertical_a line_n or_o line_n of_o gravity_n to_o be_v draw_v at_o right_a angle_n to_o the_o tangent_fw-la of_o each_o respective_a horizon_n what_o dr._n eisenschmidt_n do_v real_o suppose_v i_o know_v not_o but_o i_o be_o sure_a he_o can_v suppose_v a_o thing_n more_o absurd_a than_o what_o our_o author_n make_v he_o suppose_v in_o this_o place_n for_o that_o the_o line_n of_o direction_n of_o heavy_a body_n be_v at_o right_a angle_n with_o the_o tangent_fw-la of_o the_o horizon_n be_v to_o i_o such_o a_o incomprehensible_a supposition_n that_o i_o shall_v excuse_v myself_o from_o consider_v of_o it_o till_o the_o defender_n who_o i_o suppose_v will_v have_v we_o think_v he_o understand_v it_o be_v at_o leisure_n to_o explain_v it_o i_o have_v not_o see_v dr._n eisenschmidt_v own_o book_n to_o know_v upon_o what_o principle_n he_o proceed_v it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o acta_fw-la eruditorum_fw-la that_o he_o embrace_v the_o theorist_n opinion_n about_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o i_o believe_v that_o therefore_o he_o will_v also_o follow_v his_o and_o the_o common_a opinion_n that_o all_o heavy_a body_n tend_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n because_o it_o seem_v most_o reasonable_a that_o the_o direction_n of_o heavy_a body_n shall_v be_v towards_o the_o earth_n centre_n of_o gravity_n which_o we_o may_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o its_o centre_n of_o magnitude_n nor_o can_v we_o suppose_v this_o direction_n to_o be_v any_o way_n change_v but_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o centrifugal_a force_n that_o all_o body_n in_o the_o earth_n have_v acquire_v by_o be_v turn_v round_o the_o earth_n axis_n now_o if_o he_o have_v take_v the_o centrifugal_a force_n into_o his_o consideration_n he_o must_v have_v conclude_v as_o i_o have_v do_v that_o the_o earth_n have_v the_o diameter_n of_o its_o equator_fw-la great_a than_o its_o axis_n which_o be_v still_o contrary_a to_o the_o conclusion_n he_o make_v so_o we_o see_v that_o whether_o this_o author_n suppose_v the_o direction_n of_o heavy_a body_n to_o be_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o then_o by_o observation_n he_o must_v have_v conclude_v the_o earth_n to_o have_v be_v of_o a_o broad_a spheroidical_a figure_n or_o whether_o he_o suppose_v the_o line_n of_o direction_n of_o heavy_a body_n to_o be_v change_v by_o a_o centrifugal_a force_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v draw_v the_o same_o consequence_n from_o thence_o though_o not_o indeed_o from_o his_o observation_n of_o a_o degree_n measure_v in_o several_a latitude_n the_o defender_n not_o dare_v to_o trust_v much_o to_o his_o own_o skill_n in_o this_o matter_n have_v obtain_v a_o letter_n from_o a_o gentleman_n of_o his_o acquaintance_n concern_v it_o but_o all_o that_o gentleman_n reason_n depend_v on_o a_o supposition_n which_o the_o theorist_n can_v allow_v viz._n that_o the_o tangent_n of_o the_o ellipse_n be_v in_o the_o horizontal_n plane_n whereas_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o according_a to_o the_o theorist_n hypothesis_n these_o tangent_n can_v never_o represent_v the_o orison_n for_o he_o make_v the_o water_n to_o run_v from_o they_o down_o to_o the_o equator_fw-la now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o water_n will_v not_o run_v if_o it_o be_v place_v upon_o a_o horizontal_n plane_n and_o if_o we_o be_v to_o make_v water_n run_v any_o way_n we_o must_v always_o make_v its_o channel_n incline_v to_o the_o horizon_n this_o gentleman_n indeed_o reason_n true_o provide_v the_o line_n of_o direction_n of_o heavy_a body_n be_v always_o perpendicular_a to_o a_o plane_n touch_v the_o spheroid_v in_o the_o point_n where_o the_o body_n fall_v but_o as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v this_o supposition_n be_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v by_o the_o theorist_n and_o we_o can_v no_o more_o suppose_v a_o plane_n touch_v a_o spheroid_v to_o be_v the_o horizon_n of_o the_o point_n where_o it_o touch_v than_o we_o can_v suppose_v a_o man_n who_o stand_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o 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literal_a sense_n but_o that_o moses_n recede_v from_o the_o physical_a verity_n as_o he_o call_v it_o and_o speak_v only_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 317._o archeol_n p._n 317._o that_o be_v in_o plain_a english_a there_o be_v not_o a_o word_n of_o it_o true_a the_o world_n be_v neither_o create_v nor_o form_v in_o the_o manner_n there_o record_v but_o that_o his_o history_n of_o the_o formation_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n be_v not_o contrive_v to_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o truth_n but_o to_o the_o notion_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o people_n for_o who_o use_n it_o be_v write_v to_o make_v this_o out_o he_o pretend_v to_o find_v many_o fault_n and_o incongruity_n in_o that_o history_n which_o i_o need_v not_o now_o particular_o consider_v since_o there_o be_v none_o of_o they_o that_o be_v real_o incongruous_a and_o disagreeable_a either_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n or_o the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n but_o only_o to_o his_o notion_n and_o way_n of_o think_v as_o for_o 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water_n here_o he_o answer_v that_o though_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o vapour_n shall_v be_v condense_v into_o rain_n yet_o it_o be_v hard_a that_o i_o will_v not_o allow_v many_o of_o they_o to_o escape_v the_o same_o enough_o at_o least_o to_o make_v a_o constant_a forty_o day_n rain_n for_o it_o be_v strange_a to_o he_o that_o so_o thin_a a_o body_n as_o our_o air_n lie_v in_o so_o small_a a_o compass_n about_o the_o earth_n shall_v have_v the_o good_a luck_n to_o stop_v and_o condense_a all_o and_o every_o part_n of_o so_o immense_a and_o swift_a a_o descend_a column_n of_o vapour_n as_o strange_a and_o hard_a as_o it_o be_v yet_o i_o can_v see_v how_o its_o possible_a any_o shall_v escape_v be_v condense_v if_o there_o be_v any_o void_a canal_n in_o our_o air_n through_o which_o some_o vapour_n may_v descend_v we_o may_v then_o allow_v he_o his_o hypothesis_n but_o since_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o air_n that_o its_o impossible_a there_o shall_v be_v any_o such_o empty_a space_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o of_o these_o vapour_n but_o must_v meet_v with_o air_n wherever_o it_o move_v in_o our_o atmosphere_n which_o it_o must_v therefore_o force_v out_o of_o its_o way_n and_o because_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o move_v so_o prodigious_o swift_a as_o to_o descend_v 860._o mile_n in_o a_o minute_n the_o resistance_n it_o will_v meet_v with_o from_o every_o particle_n of_o air_n must_v be_v vast_o great_a and_o must_v therefore_o necessary_o condense_a it_o but_o if_o i_o shall_v allow_v he_o that_o these_o vapour_n be_v not_o condense_v in_o their_o descent_n through_o the_o air_n yet_o to_o imagine_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v not_o condense_v when_o they_o fall_v with_o so_o prodigious_a a_o swiftness_n as_o he_o allow_v they_o upon_o the_o earth_n water_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n that_o will_v stop_v their_o motion_n be_v such_o a_o fancy_n as_o need_v no_o confutation_n if_o they_o have_v such_o a_o strange_a velocity_n as_o he_o speak_v of_o they_o must_v penetrate_v and_o destroy_v all_o humane_a and_o other_o animal_n body_n so_o that_o such_o a_o shower_n as_o this_o one_o day_n will_v have_v do_v the_o business_n of_o a_o deluge_n and_o there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o occasion_n for_o other_o thirty_o nine_o day_n rain_v but_o after_o all_o this_o mr._n whiston_n grant_v that_o the_o vapour_n may_v be_v condense_v in_o their_o fall_n but_o yet_o he_o say_v that_o their_o heat_n which_o at_o first_o rarify_v they_o and_o have_v continue_v their_o expansion_n in_o the_o comet_n tail_n will_v immediate_o after_o their_o fall_n rarify_v they_o again_o and_o raise_v they_o into_o new_a vapour_n but_o if_o so_o i_o can_v see_v how_o this_o will_v answer_v the_o account_n that_o moses_n give_v we_o of_o the_o deluge_n for_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o water_n be_v gradual_a and_o produce_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n by_o forty_o day_n rain_v and_o that_o they_o continual_o increase_v and_o prevail_v upon_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 150._o day_n whereas_o by_o this_o theory_n the_o deluge_n must_v have_v happen_v all_o of_o a_o sudden_a according_a to_o it_o the_o very_a first_o day_n all_o the_o water_n that_o come_v from_o the_o comet_n must_v have_v fall_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o water_n that_o be_v raise_v from_o the_o abyss_n must_v have_v immediate_o ascend_v so_o that_o if_o this_o theory_n be_v true_a the_o deluge_n must_v be_v accomplish_v in_o one_o day_n and_o not_o in_o 150_o for_o as_o to_o the_o vapour_n which_o be_v raise_v and_o continue_v to_o fall_v for_o forty_o day_n unless_o the_o water_n be_v very_o scald_a hot_a indeed_o that_o will_v be_v very_o inconsiderable_a and_o will_v rather_o diminish_v than_o increase_v the_o quantity_n of_o water_n upon_o the_o earth_n until_o they_o again_o descend_v in_o rain_n i_o come_v now_o to_o consider_v the_o way_n mr._n whiston_n raise_v the_o fluid_a from_o the_o abyss_n he_o suppose_v that_o the_o great_a weight_n of_o the_o water_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o crust_n will_v depress_v it_o and_o make_v it_o sink_v deep_a into_o the_o abyss_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v force_n and_o squeeze_v the_o fluid_a through_o the_o fissure_n and_o crack_v of_o the_o earth_n but_o against_o this_o i_o positive_o demonstrate_v that_o no_o pressure_n of_o the_o fluid_a whatsoever_o can_v make_v the_o crust_n sink_v deep_o into_o the_o abyss_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o he_o be_v please_v to_o tell_v i_o that_o my_o demonstration_n suppose_v either_o that_o not_o the_o water_n on_o the_o earth_n but_o in_o the_o fissure_v do_v contribute_v to_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o fluid_a through_o they_o or_o that_o the_o several_a column_n have_v
abyss_n can_v be_v force_v upward_o to_o spread_v itself_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o word_n i_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o retract_v i_o have_v already_o consider_v the_o way_n mr._n whiston_n have_v take_v to_o bring_v water_n upon_o the_o earth_n to_o make_v a_o deluge_n let_v we_o next_o see_v how_o dexterous_a he_o be_v in_o remove_v they_o in_o my_o remark_n on_o his_o new_a theory_n by_o calculation_n i_o show_v that_o there_o must_v have_v be_v at_o least_o twenty_o three_o ocean_n of_o water_n to_o drown_v the_o earth_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n one_o will_v think_v that_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a task_n to_o remove_v such_o a_o load_n of_o water_n mechanical_o yet_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o he_o think_v there_o be_v no_o manner_n of_o difficulty_n in_o it_o in_o his_o theory_n he_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n descend_v through_o the_o perpendicular_a fissure_n and_o crack_n which_o be_v outlet_n to_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o they_o before_o and_o by_o that_o mean_v saturate_v all_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o dry_a earth_n that_o be_v capable_a to_o contain_v mighty_a quantity_n of_o water_n now_o in_o the_o remark_n on_o the_o new_a theory_n i_o show_v that_o none_o of_o the_o water_n can_v descend_v through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v of_o the_o earth_n for_o they_o of_o necessity_n must_v have_v be_v all_o full_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n since_o water_n can_v lie_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n till_o all_o the_o crack_n hole_n and_o fissure_v in_o it_o be_v first_o fill_v this_o be_v so_o evident_a both_o to_o sense_n and_o experience_n that_o it_o be_v beyond_o all_o contradiction_n true_a it_o be_v as_o impossible_a to_o make_v water_n lie_v on_o the_o earth_n before_o all_o its_o crack_n pit_n and_o hole_n be_v fill_v as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v a_o vessel_n retain_v water_n who_o bottom_n be_v bore_v through_o with_o many_o hole_n instead_o of_o answer_v this_o argument_n mr._n whiston_n tell_v we_o that_o certain_o the_o pore_n and_o interstice_n of_o thirty_o or_o forty_o mile_n of_o dry_a earth_n be_v capable_a of_o receive_v three_o or_o four_o mile_n of_o water_n into_o they_o and_o certain_o the_o same_o fissure_v that_o permit_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o fluid_n from_o beneath_o before_o will_v after_o the_o cease_n of_o that_o force_n permit_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n and_o by_o degree_n and_o length_n of_o time_n draw_v they_o off_o i_o find_v mr._n whiston_n be_v general_o most_o certain_a where_o other_o man_n be_v most_o doubtful_a how_o can_v he_o be_v certain_a or_o so_o much_o as_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n can_v lie_v above_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v to_o the_o height_n of_o two_o mile_n perpendicular_o and_o none_o of_o they_o run_v in_o to_o fill_v they_o all_o the_o while_n what_o new_a law_n of_o hydrostaticks_a have_v he_o discover_v it_o be_v general_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o fluid_a to_o descend_v through_o whatever_o hole_n and_o fissure_v it_o can_v find_v and_o till_o they_o be_v once_o fill_v it_o be_v impossible_a it_o shall_v rest_v above_o the_o mouth_n of_o those_o fissure_v especial_o to_o the_o height_n of_o two_o perpendicular_a mile_n for_o so_o high_a it_o must_v have_v be_v above_o most_o of_o those_o crack_n since_o most_o part_n of_o the_o hill_n in_o which_o he_o suppose_v those_o fissure_n be_v do_v not_o exceed_v above_o a_o mile_n height_n before_o the_o water_n can_v have_v rise_v to_o such_o a_o height_n not_o only_o the_o perpendicular_a hole_n and_o fissure_n but_o even_o the_o horizontal_n once_o must_v have_v be_v absolute_o fill_v i_o can_v therefore_o enough_o wonder_v how_o he_o can_v imagine_v so_o much_o water_n force_v through_o the_o earth_n upon_o its_o surface_n and_o all_o those_o crack_n and_o fissure_v remain_v empty_a all_o the_o time_n i_o be_o surprise_v to_o hear_v he_o tell_v we_o of_o dry_a earth_n that_o be_v capable_a of_o receive_v vast_a quantity_n of_o water_n for_o i_o can_v suppose_v a_o earth_n that_o have_v be_v water_v by_o eleven_o ocean_n of_o water_n gush_v through_o its_o pore_n to_o be_v very_o dry_a another_o man_n will_v rather_o think_v that_o it_o must_v have_v be_v very_o wet_a for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o so_o much_o water_n can_v pass_v through_o the_o crust_n without_o leave_v as_o much_o of_o itself_o as_o the_o crust_n can_v hold_v behind_o it_o since_o water_n rather_o than_o ascend_v will_v remain_v in_o any_o poor_a or_o empty_a space_n that_o can_v contain_v it_o but_o let_v we_o now_o allow_v that_o the_o earth_n or_o the_o crust_n be_v as_o dry_a as_o if_o there_o have_v not_o one_o drop_n of_o water_n remain_v in_o it_o yet_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o water_n general_o can_v sink_v be_v but_o a_o few_o foot_n in_o depth_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o crust_n be_v compose_v of_o a_o tough_a clay_n common_a stone_n whinstone_n coal_n metalline_a oar_n and_o the_o like_a and_o i_o believe_v he_o can_v never_o persuade_v mankind_n that_o there_o be_v so_o many_o pore_n in_o such_o heavy_a close_o solid_a body_n as_o be_v capable_a to_o contain_v twenty_o two_o ocean_n of_o water_n but_o after_o all_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o fissure_v be_v empty_a and_o that_o they_o be_v capable_a to_o receive_v the_o whole_a twenty_o two_o ocean_n of_o water_n let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n lie_v over_o they_o without_o descend_v into_o they_o that_o be_v let_v we_o grant_v to_o mr._n whiston_n so_o many_o impossibility_n yet_o even_o all_o these_o supposition_n will_v not_o answer_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o drain_n of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o earth_n after_o the_o deluge_n this_o i_o think_v i_o can_v prove_v easy_o since_o that_o according_a to_o the_o moysaicall_a account_n of_o the_o deluge_n the_o water_n be_v remove_v from_o off_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o one_o half_a year_n whereas_o if_o they_o have_v be_v remove_v by_o the_o method_n of_o the_o new_a theory_n they_o can_v not_o have_v be_v drain_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o many_o hundred_o year_n and_o therefore_o upon_o this_o account_n mr._n whiston_n supposition_n will_v not_o answer_v the_o phaenomena_n to_o show_v this_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o mouth_n of_o all_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v to_o have_v be_v just_o equal_a to_o the_o mouth_n of_o all_o the_o river_n in_o the_o earth_n though_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o narrow_a and_o small_a they_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n we_o can_v allow_v they_o to_o have_v be_v near_o so_o much_o it_o be_v prove_v in_o the_o examination_n of_o dr._n burnet_n theory_n that_o all_o the_o water_n that_o run_v through_o the_o river_n will_v fill_v the_o ocean_n if_o it_o be_v empty_a in_o the_o space_n of_o 812._o year_n and_o consequent_o if_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n the_o water_n descend_v no_o fast_o through_o the_o fissure_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o upon_o the_o former_a supposition_n it_o will_v be_v 812._o year_n before_o the_o earth_n have_v receive_v one_o ocean_n into_o its_o bowel_n and_o therefore_o it_o will_v be_v 17864._o year_n before_o twenty_o two_o ocean_n can_v be_v remove_v through_o those_o fissure_n but_o let_v we_o now_o suppose_v that_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o water_n descend_v be_v ten_o time_n great_a than_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o river_n we_o shall_v still_o find_v that_o the_o water_n will_v take_v 1786._o 4._o year_n to_o run_v through_o the_o fissure_n so_o that_o although_o mr._n whiston_n have_v be_v please_v to_o ridicule_n my_o fondness_n for_o miracle_n yet_o since_o all_o the_o natural_a cause_n he_o have_v assign_v be_v so_o vast_o disproportionate_a to_o the_o effect_n produce_v he_o may_v at_o last_o perhaps_o be_v convince_v that_o the_o easy_a safe_a and_o indeed_o the_o only_a way_n be_v to_o ascribe_v they_o to_o miracle_n finis_fw-la