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earth_n according_a mile_n zone_n 20 3 13.6996 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A59140 A new systeme of geography, designed in a most plain and easy method for the better understanding of that science accommodated with new mapps of all the countreys, regions, empires, monarchis, kingdoms, principalities, dukedoms, marquesates, dominions, estates, republiques, Soveraignties, governments seignories, provinces, and countreys in the whole world with geographical tables, explaining the divisions in each mapp / John Seller ... Seller, John, fl. 1658-1698. 1685 (1685) Wing S2477; ESTC R3904 48,442 207

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east_n south_n east_n and_o by_o east_n south_n east_n and_o by_o south_n south_n west_n &_o by_o south_n south_n west_n and_o by_o west_n north_n west_n and_o by_o west_n north_n west_n &_o by_o north._n the_o figure_n of_o the_o mariner_n compass_n be_v here_o annex_v of_o measure_n twelve_o inch_n make_v a_o foot_n one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a one_o cubit_n two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a a_o common_a pace_n two_o common_a pace_n one_o geometrical_a pace_n three_o foot_n one_o yard_n six_o foot_n one_o fathom_n sixteen_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a one_o pole_n or_o perch_n forty_o perch_n make_v one_o furlong_n eight_o furlong_n or_o 320_o perch_n make_v one_o english_a mile_n 125_o geometrical_a pace_n make_v one_o stade_n eight_o stades_n or_o 1000_o geometrical_a pace_n be_v equal_a to_o a_o italian_a mile_n 1250_o geometrical_a pace_n be_v one_o english_a mile_n 60_o english_a mile_n have_v vulgar_o be_v account_v one_o degree_n on_o the_o earth_n but_o real_o and_o true_o as_o 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a_o new_a systeme_n of_o geography_n design_v in_o a_o most_o plain_a and_o easy_a method_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o that_o science_n accommodate_v with_o new_a map_n of_o all_o the_o country_n region_n empire_n monarchy_n kingdom_n principality_n dukedom_n marquesates_n dominion_n estate_n republic_n sovereignty_n government_n seignory_n province_n and_o country_n in_o the_o whole_a world_n with_o geographical_a table_n explain_v the_o division_n in_o each_o map_n by_o john_n seller_n hydrographer_n to_o the_o king_n and_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o royal_a exchange_n a_o new_a systeme_n of_o geography_n reduce_v to_o a_o plain_a &_o easy_a method_n for_o the_o ready_a find_v out_o any_o empire_n kingdom_n principality_n or_o government_n in_o the_o whole_a world_n by_o john_n seller_n hydrographer_n to_o the_o king_n europe_n asia_n africa_n america_n a_o new_a systeme_n of_o geography_n the_o element_n and_o principle_n of_o 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those_o be_v subdivide_v into_o peninsula_n isthmus_n promontorium_n 7._o peninsula_n be_v a_o tract_n of_o land_n which_o be_v almost_o encompass_v round_o by_o water_n be_v join_v with_o some_o little_a part_n or_o neck_n of_o land_n 8._o isthmus_n be_v that_o narrow_a neck_n of_o land_n which_o join_v the_o peninsula_n to_o the_o continent_n thus_o be_v africa_n join_v to_o asia_n only_o by_o that_o small_a neck_n of_o land_n that_o be_v contain_v between_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n call_v the_o red_a sea_n 9_o promontorium_n be_v a_o high_a mountain_n which_o shoot_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n the_o utmost_a end_n thereof_o be_v call_v a_o cape_n as_o cape_n bona_n esperance_fw-fr in_o africa_n 10._o the_o watery_a part_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v destinguish_v by_o divers_a name_n as_o oceanus_n maro_n fretum_n sinus_n lacus_n and_o fluvius_n 1._o oceanus_n or_o ocean_n be_v that_o great_a general_a collection_n of_o water_n that_o encompass_v the_o earth_n 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chap._n iii_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o zone_n a_o zone_n be_v a_o broad_a space_n of_o the_o earth_n limit_v by_o the_o tropique_n and_o the_o polar_a circle_n and_o be_v five_o in_o number_n one_o torrid_a or_o burn_v zone_n two_o temperate_a and_o two_o freeze_a zone_n 1._o the_o torrid_a or_o burn_a zone_n be_v that_o space_n of_o earth_n and_o sea_n contain_v between_o the_o two_o tropique_n and_o be_v 47_o degree_n in_o breadth_n 2._o the_o two_o temperate_a zone_n be_v that_o space_n contain_v between_o each_o tropic_n and_o the_o polar_a circle_n one_o call_v the_o north_n and_o the_o other_o the_o south_n temperate_a zone_n and_o be_v each_o of_o they_o 43_o degree_n in_o breadth_n 3._o the_o two_o freeze_a zone_n be_v those_o space_n contain_v between_o each_o polar_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n 4._o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o zone_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o their_o noon_n shadow_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o kind_n amphiscii_n heteroscii_n and_o periscii_n 5._o those_o that_o inhabit_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v call_v amphiscii_n because_o their_o noon-shadow_n be_v diverse_o cast_v sometime_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o sometime_o towards_o the_o south_n according_a to_o the_o position_n of_o the_o sun_n when_o it_o be_v on_o the_o north_n or_o south_n side_n of_o their_o zenith_n or_o vertical_a point_n and_o their_o shadow_n be_v cast_v according_o viz._n if_o the_o sun_n be_v to_o the_o northward_o than_o their_o shadow_n be_v cast_v to_o the_o southward_n and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a 6._o those_o inhabitant_n that_o live_v in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n be_v call_v heteroscii_n because_o their_o noon_n shadow_n be_v cast_v but_o one_o way_n and_o that_o either_o north_n or_o south_n those_o who_o live_v in_o the_o north_n temperate_a zone_n their_o noon_n shadow_n be_v always_o cast_v towards_o
the_o north_n and_o those_o of_o the_o south_n temperate_a zone_n their_o noon_n shadow_n be_v always_o cast_v towards_o the_o south_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o annex_v map_n of_o the_o zone_n 7._o those_o who_o inhabit_v in_o the_o freeze_a zone_n be_v call_v periscii_n because_o their_o long_a day_n be_v at_o least_o 24_o hour_n in_o length_n and_o therefore_o the_o sun_n be_v carry_v circular_o about_o they_o their_o shadow_n be_v also_o carry_v about_o they_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o climate_n a_o climate_n be_v that_o space_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v between_o three_o parrallel_n the_o middle_n most_o whereof_o divide_v it_o into_o two_o equal_a part_n serve_v for_o the_o set_n out_o the_o length_n and_o shortness_n of_o the_o day_n in_o every_o country_n and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o there_o have_v be_v several_a way_n use_v by_o the_o ancient_n in_o divide_v the_o climate_n i_o shall_v at_o present_a content_n myself_o with_o this_o only_a division_n by_o reckon_v the_o difference_n of_o each_o climate_n to_o be_v one_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n and_o so_o the_o climate_n be_v 24_o in_o number_n till_o you_o come_v to_o the_o latitude_n of_o 66_o degree_n 31_o minute_n take_v up_o 48_o parrallel_n to_o which_o be_v add_v six_o climate_n more_o where_o you_o will_v find_v the_o day_n to_o be_v one_o two_o three_o four_o five_o and_o six_o month_n long_o at_o the_o very_a pole_n itself_o as_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v in_o the_o annex_v table_n where_o you_o may_v note_n that_o the_o great_a the_o latitude_n be_v the_o long_o the_o day_n be_v a_o table_n of_o climate_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a north_n and_o south_n to_o the_o pole_n wherein_o you_o may_v see_v in_o every_o clime_n the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n in_o hour_n and_o minute_n as_o for_o example_n in_o the_o climate_n or_o parallel_n of_o 50_o deg._n 33_o min._n you_o will_v find_v the_o long_a day_n to_o be_v 16_o hour_n and_o 15_o minute_n and_o in_o the_o margin_n you_o find_v what_o inhabitant_n dwell_v in_o those_o climate_n viz._n the_o amphiscii_n heteroscii_n and_o the_o periscii_n latitud_n lon._n d._n d._n m._n h._n m._n 00_o 00_o 12_o 00_o amphiscii_n amphiscii_n 04_o 18_o 12_o 15_o 08_o 34_o 12_o 30_o 12_o 34_o 12_o 45_o 16_o 43_o 13_o 00_o 20_o 53_o 13_o 15_o 23_o 10_o 13_o 30_o 27_o 36_o 13_o 45_o 30_o 47_o 14_o 00_o 33_o 45_o 14_o 15_o 36_o 30_o 14_o 30_o 39_o 02_o 14_o 45_o 41_o 22_o 15_o 00_o 43_o 32_o 15_o 15_o 44_o 29_o 15_o 30_o 47_o 20_o 15_o 45_o 49_o 01_o 16_o 00_o 50_o 33_o 16_o 15_o 52_o 58_o 16_o 30_o 53_o 17_o 16_o 45_o 54_o 29_o 17_o 00_o 55_o 34_o 17_o 15_o 56_o 37_o 17_o 30_o heteroscii_n heteroscii_n 47_o 34_o 17_o 45_o 58_o 26_o 18_o 00_o 59_o 14_o 18_o 15_o 59_o 59_o 18_o 30_o 60_o 40_o 18_o 45_o 61_o 18_o 19_o 00_o 61_o 53_o 19_o 15_o 61_o 25_o 19_o 30_o 62_o 53_o 19_o 45_o 63_o 22_o 20_o 00_o 63_o 40_o 20_o 15_o 64_o 06_o 20_o 30_o 64_o 30_o 20_o 45_o 65_o 49_o 21_o 00_o 65_o 06_o 21_o 15_o 65_o 21_o 21_o 30_o 65_o 35_o 21_o 45_o 65_o 49_o 22_o 00_o 65_o 57_o 22_o 15_o 66_o 06_o 22_o 30_o 66_o 14_o 22_o 45_o 66_o 20_o 23_o 00_o 66_o 25_o 23_o 15_o 66_o 28_o 23_o 30_o 66_o 30_o 23_o 45_o 66_o 31_o 24_o 00_o 67_o 15_o month_n 01_o 69_o 30_o  _fw-fr 02_o periscii_n periscii_n 73_o 20_o  _fw-fr 03_o 78_o 20_o  _fw-fr 04_o 84_o 09_o  _fw-fr 05_o 00_o 00_o  _fw-fr 06_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n respect_v their_o site_n and_o position_n in_o reference_n to_o one_o another_o 1._o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o periaeci_n antaeci_n and_o antipode_n 2._o the_o periaeci_n be_v such_o as_o dwell_v in_o the_o same_o parallel_n on_o the_o same_o side_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o opposite_a to_o we_o these_o live_v in_o the_o same_o zone_n and_o the_o same_o clime_n and_o cast_v the_o same_o shade_n with_o we_o these_o enjoy_v our_o portion_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a our_o season_n of_o the_o year_n our_o increase_n of_o day_n and_o night_n and_o all_o thing_n else_o of_o this_o kind_n save_v that_o our_o hour_n be_v opposite_a their_o six_o in_o the_o evening_n be_v our_o six_o in_o the_o morning_n our_o noon_n their_o midnight_n 3._o the_o antaeci_n be_v inhabitant_n that_o be_v under_o our_o meridian_n which_o make_v our_o hour_n and_o they_o the_o same_o but_o by_o be_v 51_o deg._n 30_o min._n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la it_o happen_v that_o though_o we_o all_o agree_v in_o the_o temperament_n of_o zone_n number_n of_o clime_n in_o cast_v a_o shadow_n to_o one_o side_n only_o and_o the_o like_a yet_o their_o zone_n and_o climate_n be_v southern_a their_o shadow_n fall_v to_o the_o south_n pole_n their_o winter_n be_v our_o summer_n our_o spring_n their_o autumn_n 4._o the_o antipode_n be_v such_o as_o dwell_v foot_n to_o foot_n and_o be_v in_o height_n of_o opposition_n and_o differ_v in_o all_o thing_n our_o summer_n be_v their_o winter_n our_o noon_n be_v their_o midnight_n we_o have_v the_o north_n pole_n elevate_v they_o the_o south_n this_o truth_n of_o the_o antipode_n be_v in_o former_a time_n reckon_v so_o ridiculous_a and_o impossible_a that_o virgilius_n bishop_n of_o salisburgh_n who_o write_v a_o treatise_n thereof_o be_v condemn_v of_o heresy_n by_o pope_n zachary_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 745._o chap._n vi_o contain_v several_a useful_a distinction_n in_o geography_n the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n be_v its_o near_a distance_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la either_o to_o the_o northward_o or_o southward_o thereof_o measure_v in_o the_o meridian_n 2._o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n be_v the_o number_n of_o degree_n reckon_v eastward_o in_o the_o equator_fw-la from_o the_o grand_a meridian_n to_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n require_v ☞_o and_o here_o note_v that_o in_o all_o the_o map_n in_o this_o treatise_n the_o longitude_n begin_v at_o the_o meridian_n of_o pico_n tenariffa_n zenith_n be_v a_o point_n in_o the_o heaven_n that_o be_v right_o over_o our_o head_n and_o be_v sometime_o call_v the_o vertical_a point_n and_o pole_n of_o the_o horrizon_n nadir_n be_v a_o point_n in_o the_o heaven_n opposite_a to_o it_o right_a under_o our_o foot_n pixis_fw-la nautica_fw-la or_o the_o mariner_n compass_n show_v the_o name_n of_o the_o point_n by_o john_n seller_n hydrographer_n to_o the_o king_n i_o two_o iii_o iv_o five_o vi_o vii_o viii_o ix_o x_o xii_o i_o two_o iii_o iv_o five_o vi_o vii_o viii_o ix_o x_o xi_o xii_o --_o 10_o 20_o 30_o 40_o 50_o 60_o 70_o 80_o --_o 80_o 70_o 60_o 50_o 40_o 30_o 20_o 10_o --_o 10_o 20_o 30_o 40_o 50_o 60_o 70_o 80_o 90_o 80_o 70_o 60_o 50_o 40_o 30_o 20_o 10_o north_n north_n by_o east_n north_n n_o east_n north_n e_o by_z nor._n north_n easst_a north_n e_o by_o east_n east_n n_o east_n east_n by_o north_n east_n east_n by_o south_n east_n s_o east_n south_n e_o by_o east_n south_n east_n south_n e_o by_o south_n south_n s._n east_n south_n by_o east_n south_n south_n by_o west_n south_n s_o west_n south_n w._n by_o sou_n south_n west_n south_n w_n by_o west_n west_n s._n west_n west_n by_o south_n west_n west_n by_o north_n west_n n_o west_n north_n w_n by_o we._n north_n west_n north_n w_n by_o no._n north_n n._n west_n north_n by_o west_n of_o the_o 32_o point_n of_o the_o mariner_n compass_n which_o be_v thus_o divide_v the_o four_o first_o be_v the_o cardinal_n point_n and_o be_v compose_v of_o one_o syllable_n as_o east_n west_n north_n south_n the_o four_o second_o be_v colateral_a point_n consist_v of_o two_o syllable_n as_o north_n east_n north_n west_n south_n east_n south_n west_n the_o eight_o three_o be_v those_o that_o be_v compose_v of_o three_o syllable_n as_o north_n north_n east_n north_n north_n west_n south_n south_n east_n south_n south_n west_n east_n north_n east_n east_n south_n east_n west_n north_n west_n west_n south_n west_n there_o be_v sixteen_o inferior_a point_n eight_o of_o they_o be_v compose_v of_o four_o syllable_n and_o the_o other_o eight_o of_o five_o syllable_n those_o of_o four_o syllable_n be_v these_o that_o follow_v these_o be_v compose_v of_o four_o syllable_n north_n and_o by_o east_n east_n and_o by_o north._n east_n and_o by_o south_n south_n and_o by_o east_n south_n and_o by_o west_n west_n and_o by_o south_n west_n and_o by_o north._n north_n and_o by_o west_n these_o be_v compose_v of_o five_o syllable_n north_n east_n and_o by_o north._n north_n east_n and_o by_o
sea_n to_o palus_n meotis_n along_o the_o stream_n of_o the_o river_n tanais_n to_o the_o mouth_n thereof_o and_o so_o by_o the_o river_n dwina_n to_o the_o bay_n of_o st._n nicholas_n in_o the_o white_a sea_n other_o as_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o earl_n of_o castlemain_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o english_a globe_n do_v more_o judicious_o divide_v it_o thus_o suppose_v a_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o tan●●s_n run_v up_o the_o stream_n to_o tuia_n situate_v on_o the_o most_o easterly_a flexure_n and_o thence_o go_v to_o the_o near_a bank_n of_o the_o riyer_n oby_n accompany_v it_o till_o it_o fall_v in_o the_o northem_fw-mi ocean_n my_o lord_n do_v the_o rather_o incline_v to_o this_o division_n than_o any_o other_o because_o it_o contain_v almost_o all_o the_o vast_a dominion_n of_o the_o russian_a emperor_n and_o so_o make_v he_o a_o entire_a european_a monarch_n chap._n ii_o of_o europe_n in_o general_n evrope_n although_o it_o be_v the_o least_o of_o the_o four_o grand_a division_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o map_n of_o the_o world_n yet_o it_o be_v of_o the_o most_o renown_n 1._o for_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n lie_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n and_o therefore_o fertile_a in_o its_o soil_n 2._o the_o flourish_a of_o art_n and_o science_n 3._o for_o the_o purity_n and_o sincerity_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n the_o language_n of_o the_o european_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a branch_n or_o dialect_n but_o all_o from_o three_o root_n or_o stem_n which_o be_v 1._o the_o latin_a 2._o the_o tutonick_a or_o high_a dutch._n 3._o the_o sclavonian_a tongue_n those_o that_o branch_n from_o the_o latin_a be_v the_o italian_n french_a spaniard_n portagall_n and_o those_o from_o the_o tutonick_a be_v the_o english_a dutch_a swede_n dane_n goth_n and_o from_o the_o sclavonian_a the_o crontians_n hongarïans_n transilounians_n russian_n the_o kingdom_n and_o principal_a region_n be_v as_o follow_v as_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o table_n of_o europe_n viz._n england_n scotland_n ireland_n spain_n portugal_n france_n italy_n germany_n xv_o two_o province_n norway_n sweden_n denmark_n poland_n lithuania_n moscovia_n russia_n lesser_a tartary_n turkey_n in_o europe_n the_o most_o famous_a river_n in_o europe_n be_v nine_o the_o thames_n in_o england_n tornia_n in_o scandin●●ia_n wolga_n in_o muscovia_n the_o loire_n in_o france_n the_o rhine_n in_o germany_n the_o weyssel_n in_o poland_n tagus_n in_o spain_n po_n in_o italy_n and_o the_o danube_n in_o germany_n and_o turkey_n in_o europe_n we_o rank_a england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n in_o the_o first_o place_n in_o regard_n they_o owe_v obedience_n to_o the_o stepter_n of_o our_o gracious_a sovereign_n we_o shall_v therefore_o begin_v with_o the_o desoription_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n not_o affect_v that_o diminutive_a appellation_n of_o the_o british_a isle_n as_o if_o they_o be_v gnernsey_n or_o jursey_n and_o no_o way_n comport_v with_o the_o renown_n and_o grandeur_n of_o those_o famous_a kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n great_a britain_n contain_v england_n scotland_n and_o wales_n make_v the_o most_o famous_a island_n in_o the_o whole_a world_n it_o be_v once_o call_v albion_n ab_fw-la albis_n rupibus_fw-la from_o the_o white_a rock_n apear_v on_o the_o south_n coast_n towards_o france_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v first_o discover_v afterward_o britain_n some_o say_v from_o brutus_n of_o the_o trojan_a race_n who_o first_o settle_v a_o government_n here_o or_o as_o other_o will_v have_v it_o from_o prutainia_n signify_v metal_n because_o of_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o tin_n iron_n lead_v etc._n etc._n that_o be_v find_v here_o but_o other_o say_v the_o britain_n be_v have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o word_n birth_n which_o signify_v stain_v or_o paint_v by_o reason_n of_o a_o custom_n the_o native_n have_v to_o paint_v their_o skin_n all_o over_o and_o of_o several_a colour_n that_o they_o may_v thereby_o the_o more_o terrify_v their_o enemy_n whence_o also_o the_o roman_n call_v the_o people_n of_o scotland_n pists_n the_o whole_a length_n from_o strathy-head_n in_o scotland_n to_o the_o lizard-point_n in_o cornwall_n be_v count_v 624_o mile_n and_o the_o breadth_n from_o the_o land_n end_n in_o cornwall_n to_o the_o isle_n of_o thanet_n in_o kent_n be_v about_o 340._o it_o be_v observe_v in_o his_o majesty_n teritorye_n about_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n there_o be_v eight_o several_n dialect_v speak_v by_o his_o majesty_n own_o subject_n viz._n 1._o english_a 2._o scotch_a 3._o irish_a 4._o welch_n 5._o cornish_n in_o cornwall_n 6._o french_a in_o garnsey_n and_o jarsey_n 7._o mank_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n and_o 8._o gothish_o in_o the_o island_n of_o suhtland_n of_o england_n england_n a_o name_n take_v from_o the_o angli_fw-la a_o people_n that_o come_v in_o with_o the_o saxon_n and_o not_o change_v by_o the_o danish_a or_o norman_a conqueror_n be_v the_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n be_v divide_v into_o 40_o county_n and_o 22_o bishopric_n be_v account_v in_o length_n 386_o mile_n in_o breadth_n 279._o the_o soil_n be_v very_o fertile_a and_o plentiful_a several_a of_o its_o chief_a commodity_n and_o excellency_n be_v contain_v in_o this_o verse_n anglias_n mons_fw-la pons_n fons_n ecclesia_fw-la femina_fw-la lana_n england_n be_v store_v with_o bridges_n hill_n and_o wool_n with_o church_n wells_n and_o woman_n beautiful_a its_o first_o know_v inhabitant_n be_v the_o britain_n who_o be_v conquer_a by_o the_o roman_n and_o afterward_o overrun_v by_o the_o saxon_n be_v force_v to_o retire_v into_o that_o corner_n of_o the_o kingdom_n call_v wales_n where_o their_o posterity_n to_o this_o day_n inhabit_v be_v a_o province_n divide_v into_o 12_o county_n and_o 4_o bishopric_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o our_o english_a king_n be_v always_o entitle_v prince_n of_o wales_n the_o forementioned_a saxon_n divide_v the_o whole_a realm_n into_o seven_o kingdom_n and_o be_v much_o oppress_v for_o a_o long_a time_n by_o the_o dane_n but_o at_o last_o be_v unite_v under_o one_o king_n be_v subdue_v by_o the_o norman_n under_o william_n the_o conqueror_n who_o successor_n continue_v to_o this_o day_n of_o wales_n wales_n be_v environ_v on_o all_o side_n by_o the_o sea_n except_o towards_o england_n from_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o river_n d_o you_o and_o a_o line_n draw_v to_o the_o river_n wye_n but_o ancient_o it_o extend_v to_o the_o river_n severne_v eastward_o for_o offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n force_v they_o to_o leave_v the_o plain_a country_n beyond_o that_o river_n which_o now_o be_v call_v the_o march_n of_o wales_n and_o to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o mountain_n which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v separate_v from_o england_n by_o a_o great_a ditch_n call_v offa_n dike_n in_o welsh_a claudh-offa_n in_o 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