Selected quad for the lemma: earth_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
earth_n	according_a	longitude_n	zone_n	46	3	12.9053	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A03576	The vse of both the globes, celestiall, and terrestriall most plainely deliuered in forme of a dialogue. Containing most pleasant, and profitable conclusions for the mariner, and generally for all those, that are addicted to these kinde of mathematicall instrumentes. VVritten by T. Hood mathematicall lecturer in the citie of London, sometime fellow of Trinitie Colledge in Cambridge.	Hood, Thomas, fl. 1582-1598.	1592 (1592)	STC 13698; ESTC S106231	107,894	188

13. of September to the 11. of March but from the eleuenth of March to the 13 of September our day is alwaies longer than theirs Againe from the 13. of Septēber to the eleuenth of March their night is shorter than ours but from the 11. of March to the 13. of September our night is shorter than theirs Moreouer the Sunne neuer riseth vnto these men at one houre ercept he bee in the equator as for example to vs and the Spaniards Whilest the Sunne is in the North signes he riseth more early and shineth longer to vs than to them but the Sunne being in the South signes he riseth more early and shineth longer to them than to vs Last of al● the Sunne neuer riseth or setteth to them and vs on the same point of the compasse c. all which thinges you may easily perceaue to be true by those rules which you haue heard before in the celestiall globe if you do bu● find out by the terrestriall globe their feuerall latitudes that dwell vnder the same meridian and then raise the pole seuerally working the conclusions aforesaid according as you haue bin taught P. Haue not these people any peculier name which dwell vnder one meridian but differ in latitude M. No but there are another kinde of people hauing one longitude which haue a peculier name and are called Anteci They are such inhabitants of the earth as dwell vnder one meridian and haue the same longitude also the same latitude but toward diuers poles so that as farre the one dwelleth from the equator northward the others haue the same distance from it Southward and as high as the North pole is raised to the one so high is the South Pole raised to the other Such are they that dwell in the West side of Arabia twentie degrees Northward and they that dwel in Madagascar in the same longitude twentie degrees to the South warde These men haue the day and night of equall length the Sunne rising and setting at the same houres on the same point of the compasse but at diuers times and the seasons of the yeare are opposite as when it is Sommer to them which dwell in A●abia it is Winter to them in Madagascar And con●rariwise when the day is longest to them in Arabia it ●s shortest to them in Madagascar Furthermore if the Sunne rise 25 degrees from the East to them in Arabia hee riseth so many degrees from the East to them in Madagascar but to the one in Sommer to the other in winter if the day be fourteene houres long to them in A●abia it is so long also to them in Madagascar but hee possesseth contrary signes These thinges may seuerally be tried by the globe or by comparing your 2. Globes ●ogether and raising the North pole of the one and he South pole of the other aboue the Horizon so ●hall you see that that degree of the Eclipticke which ●ontinueth longest aboue the horizon to them that dwel Northward continueth the shortest aboue their Ho●izō that dwel Southward Moreouer also you may per●eaue this that they which dwell Northward see the Sunne rising and the Heauens moouing from the left and to the right but they which are to the Southward see the Sunne arysing and the heauens moouing fro● the right hand to the left Besides these inhabitant before named there are other to be noted which because they goe foot to foote right opposite one to the other they are therefore called of the Grecians Ant●podes and Antichthones because they dwell in opposite places of the earth P. Mee thinketh it is impossible that you speake o● how can they that are vnder vs walke vpon the ea●● without falling Can two men walke the one on the to of a wheele the other on the nether side thereof with out tumbling downe M. Your reason is not alike in the wheele and 〈◊〉 the earth All they that dwell vpon the earth haue o● common centre in the Globe of th● earth vnto whi●● they doe naturally tend in respect of their grauity an● therefore where soeuer they stand they cannot fall from the earth but bend naturally vnto the centre thereo● But they which stand vpon a wheele or any such roun● thinge els haue not any one point in the wheele or 〈◊〉 the round bodie vnto the which they doe natural bend and therefore whensoeuer he commeth vnto an● such place of the wheele wherin his legs cānot keep th● weightines of his bodie perpēdicular and imminent the centre of the Wheele he must needes fall from th● wheele toward that centre vnto which naturally he i● clineth which is the centre of the earth This is certai● both by reason and experience of our owne countrie●● that there are Antipodes and therefore let the tru● preuaile with vs more than the opinions either of A●gustine or Lactantius who haue stoutly denied t●● Antipodes yea Lactantius as I remember held it heresie and counted them accursed that sayd there were ●ntipodes P. How doe you define the Antipodes M. They are certaine inhabitants of the earth right opposite one to another in the extremities of the diame●er of the Globe Therefore the antipodes haue the same meridian yet they differ in longitude one from the other 80 degrees They haue the same horizon indeede but ●iffering in reason namely thus that the Zenith or ver●icall point of the one is the nadir to the horizon of the other and contrariwise they haue also the same latitude but bending toward contrarie poles P. How shall I readily by the globe finde out who ●e antipodes one to another M. Bring any point or place assigned in the globe into the meridian and note what latitude it hath the ●oint or places hauing the selfe same latitude in the me●dian vnder the Horizon is the habitation of them that ●●e antipodes to the former Such are the inhabitants of Trinideda and Iaua maior also the inhabitantes of old and new Guinea with infinit other places of the earth whose antipodes are not yet discouereed The Antipo●es haue all thinges contrary excepting those that dwel ●nder the equinoctiall if the heauen moue to the one ●●om the left hand to the right it moueth contrary waies into the other if it be day to the one it is night to the ●ther if the Sunne rise to the one he setteth to the other 〈◊〉 the day or night increase to the one it decreaseth to ●he other if it be Sommer to the one it is Winter to he other c. P. Why do you make exception of those that dwel ●nder the equator M. Because they being aswell Perieci as antipodes haue all the seasons of the yeare agreeable and the same length of day night the Sun rising setting at the same houre yet when he riseth to the one he setteth to the other the houres of day and night are opposite for when it is high noone to the one it is midnights to the other when it is 11. a clocke

of the Sunne vntill his ri●ing P. Is the dawning of the day in all places at the same ●oure the Sunne possessing one and the same degree M. No for the more oblique the sphere is the daw●ing beginnineth so much the sooner because the Sunne ●reepeth his course continually nearer to the Horizon ●herfore lighteneth our hemisphere so much the sooner The third conclusion concerneth the length of the dawning which is the time from the first breaking of the day vnto the rysing of the Sunne the conclusion is wrough● thus Seeke out by the former proposition the time 〈◊〉 the dawning then seeke also the time of the Sunne rising the difference of these two times expresse the length of the dawning which is more or lesse according to the obliquitie of the Sphere The fourth conclusion concerneth the length of time wherein any signe a ariseth aboue the Horizon P. What is one signe longer arising than another I thought that as they were all equall so the time 〈◊〉 their rising or setting was also equall and this is certaine that any sixe Signes arise and sette in 12. houre M. That is true if you take them ioyntly together otherwise being taken seuerally the one is longer a ●sing than the other wherevpon there ariseth another distinction of ascensiō which in respect of the time limited vnto each signe is said to be right or oblique without respect had to the situation of the sphere as it was before Those signes haue a right ascention with whom the●● arise more than 30 degrees of the equator that is to say that are lōger arising than 2. houres contrariwise if there arise with the signe fewer thā 30. degrees of the equator that is to say if the signe arise in lesser time than 2. hours then is that called an oblique ascention Ether of these ascensions may be found out 2. seueral wayes by the degree of the Equator for that is the measure of all time o● els mechanichally by the houre circle By the degrees of the equator the length of time that is the ascentiō of any whole signe is found thus in any situation of the sphere Bring the hed of any signe to the East signe of the horizon marke what degree of the equator is in the horizon with it thē moue the globe vntil the end of the said signe ●ōmeth to the horizō mark the degree of the equator in the horizon subduct the lesser from the greater the remainder conuerted into houres and minutes if neede require expresseth the assention of the signe propounded By the houre circle the length of time wherin any signe ariseth is thus sought out Bring the hed of any signe to the East side of the horizō set the index vpon 12. a clock moue the globe west ward vntil the end of the said signe come to the horizon the index in the houre circle will expresse the length of time wherein the signe did arise These are the chiefest questions moued concerning those thinges which happen vnder the horizon P. I pray you hath the circle of position no other vse then to rectifie a figure M. Yes for it findeth that circle whereof it receaueth his name that is the circle of positiō which is but a great circle drawen frō the one intersectiō of the horizon and meridiā vnto the other through the centre of some star or any point els assigned in the heauē diuiding the sphere into 2. peeces By it in erecting of the 12. housen we find what notable starres or what planets are in any of the housen The distance of any circle of position from the meridian is found thus The circle of position being raised frō the horizon vnto any point assigned in the globe moue the quadrant of altitude fixed to the Zenith to the east or west point of the horizon as occasion requireth the degrees of the quadrant contained between the said circle of position the meridian expresse the quantity of the angle which it maketh each circle of positiō may supply the place of halfe an horizō in that respect it hath singular vse in astronomical geographical matters as shall be declared if God spare me life and ability to performe that which I haue in hand It remaineth now to speake of the lesser circles of the Globe P. But by your leaue sir you haue sayd nothing of making the dials by the Globe which is a matter mentioned by all Astronomers in handling the vse of the Globe M. It is true and therefore I did omit it because it is the matter which I haue now in hand the which I am so much the more desirous to performe because it hath binne earnestly required by a friend of mine whose forwardnes in these in studies I would helpe so much as lyeth in me Therefore let me at this instant craue pardon for that matter vntill such time as I shall particularly discourse thereof P. Well then proceed in the vse of the lesser circlet of the celestiall Globe M. You see that the foure lesser circles of the globe diuide the whole surface thereof into 5. partes Euery one of them is called a Zone P. What meaneth chat word Zone M. It signifieth among the Grecians a gyrdle or a swadling band and therefore it is fitly applyed vnto these portions of the globe because they in their figure represent after a manner such a thing Of the Zones some are enclosed with one onely limit some with two those which are inclosed with one only limit namely with the circle arcticke and antarcticke are the two Zones which lie about each pole which because of their distance from the eclipticke and place of the sunne are called cold Not that there is ether heate or colde in heauen but because they which dwell on earth vnder that circuit of the heauen feele not the Sunne so forceable in his heat by reason of his obliquitie as others doe The other 2. Zones are limited on each side That which is in the middest being limited on the one side with the tropick of Cancer on the other side with the tropicke of Capricorne ●s called the burning Zone because the Sunne keeping ●his course continually within it doth greatlie heate that part of the earth which is subiect vnto it The other two being nether too neare the Sunne nor too farre of are called temperate because they are nether so hot as the ●one nor so cold as the other that which is to the Northward is limitted with the circle arcticke the tropick of Cancer the other to the Southward is enclosed with the circle antarcticke and the tropicke of Capricorne The breadth of each cold zone is 47. degrees the breadth of the burning Zone is as much each temperate Zone hath 43. degrees in breadth As they are described on the celestiall globe they expresse vnto vs what starres are enclosed within each seuerall Zone which are to be no●ed because they adde somewhat according to their nature vnto the quality of

I runne South about 60. leagues sometimes South Southwest as many leagues then South and by East 100. leagues then after that Southwest I know not how farre but I finde my selfe to bee in four degrees of latitude South ward How shall I obserue this course vpon the Globe M. If you were perfect in that which I haue taught you you would not make a doubt of this but for so much as you are but yet a nouice herein I will exempli●ie the matter vnto you that by this one example you may gather what you haue to doe in the rest The example shall be that which you haue propounded supposing the place from whence wee set sayle to be the Southermost side of cape de verde at that place where the tenth ●●eridian or circle of longitude toucheth the land First Therefore in that meridian I count 60. leagues which are degrees where I make a mark whereby I find my selfe ●o be in 11. degrees of latitude and vnder the same messdian from thence you ranne according to your suppo●tion 60. leagues from the marke which I made in the 〈◊〉 circle of longitude I draw with a blacke leade an ob●ture parallell which shall cut the Rhombe of South ●outh west in that Rhombe I account 60. leagues which ●●e three degrees as I did before and from thence pre●ntly toward the Cape I draw a parallell to the equator ●●en taking with my compasses the 6o leagues noted in ●e Rhombe of South Southwest I set the one foote of ●y compasses in the marke made in the 10. circle of lon●tude stretch the other foote westward to the paral●● which was last drawen and there make a marke Here I finde my selfe to be almost in the eight degree of latitude and from the place of my departure a little more than sixe score leagues and from the meridian thirtie leagues Afterward you suppose your course to be South and by East an hundred leagues continuing the last parallell vnto that Rhombe I count in it an hundred leagues making a marke therein as I did before and frō it also drawing a parallell line toward the cape then my compasse being extended to an hundred leagues I set the one foot in the marke made in the former parallell and turne the other Eastwards according to my direction vntill I touch this last parallel which was described there also I make a pricke your last course was Southwest you know not how farre but you found your selfe to be in foure degrees of South latitude I bring the meridian to the rhombe of Southwest and there make a note vnder the fourth degree of latitude and from thence I draw another parallell toward the Cape then taking as much of the Rhombe of Southwest as was contained between these parallell lines I set the one foote of my compasse in the marke which was last made and extend the other foote to the last parallell making a marke therein which is the place of my being and thereby I gather that I am fallen to the Southward of the line foure degrees am distant from cape verde 390. leagues and from the meridian from whence I departed 140. Thus much concerning the vse of the rhombes described vpō the terrestrial globe There remaine now Philoma a thes none of the circles of the Globe to be spoken of but the lesser circles onely which are the limites of the siue Zones whereof mention was made in the ende of the celestial Globe The vse of the which circles in the terrestriall Globe is no more than this to signify what inhabitants of the earth doe dwell in euerie Zone and who they bee which feele that distemperature or temperature of heate and cold Whereby you may perceaue how great●y they erred which though the temperate Zones onely to be habitable and the other by meanes of their extre●mitie of heate and cold to be vnhabited P. Concerning the qualities of the 5. Zones I would gladly be resolued in those questions first whether each part of the burning Zone be of a like heate and if they be not which is the hottest Secondly whether the other Zones bee of a likely condition or if they bee not which exceedeth one another in their qualities M. I will willingly satiffy your desire and that so much the rather because some of the argumentes vsed in deciding those questions may be expressed on the globe You must here note what be the efficient causes effectes are counted 3. First the heat is caused by the perpendicu●tity Secondly the long abroad Thirdly the neerenes of the Sunne The cold therefore must be effected by the obliquitie by the ●mall abode and by the elongation of ●he sunne This also standeth with reason that where here are most causes there must be the greatest heate or old Let vs therefore examin them in the Zones begin●ing first with the burning Zone For so much as the bur●ing Zone is contained within the Tropickes so many ●herefore as inhabit that Zone must of necessity haue the ●unne perpendicular vnto them so that in that respect shey are all equall though in the other causes they disare●e The abode of the Sunne is lesser vnder the Equa●●r than vnder the tropickes for the day is but of 12. houres vnder the equator but vnder the tropickes it 〈◊〉 13. ½ And somewhat more Moreouer the Sunne comming toward the Equator and depatting from it declineth almost in one moneth so much as he doth in moneths neere to the tropickes Last of all the Sunne comming toward the equator keepeth on his course 〈◊〉 rectly not comming that way agayne till halfe a yea● be past but comming toward the tropickes as he h●teth the earth mightily by his slow ascending so doth encrease the heart by his slow descending and his so dait returne The heate therefore neare vnto the tropickes greater than vnder the equator P. Then which is the hotter of the two tropickes M. Then tropicke of Capricorne for it hath not o●ly the Sunne perpndicular and continuing a long ti●● aboue the horizon as the other tropicke hath But 〈◊〉 hereafter you your selfe will confesse according as y●● goe one forwarde in these studies Hereupon the cond question may bee resolued that of the two ●●zones the antarcticke is the colder and in the tem●rate zones the winter is colder to the Southward th● to the Northward for albeit hee bee oblique to th● both and continue a like time aboue ether of their 〈◊〉 rizons yet for so much as in Winter hee is neer●● them that dwell in the Northren zones than to th●● that dwell in the Southern zones they therefore h●● the warmer Winter and consequently the colder Su●mer Hauing now answered your questions it maineth Philomathes to aduise you to acquaint y●● selfe throughly with your globe not onely that you 〈◊〉 be readie to perform those conclusions which you 〈◊〉 learned but also that you may know and distinguish the seuerall partes of the world with the chiefe Kingdomes Cities Capes neckes of land Seas Streightes and Riuers throughout the whole world for it wil be vnto you a great disgrace especially in this our trauelling age not ●o be cunning in these thinges which cunning you may ●asily attaine vnto if you doe but furnish your studie with the Globes and now and then as your leasure ser●eth looke vpon them P. I will doe mine indeuor especially because as I ●ue a good hope of the profite that may ensue so I find ●●e pleasuce to be exceeding great And to you sit for the ●ines which you haue taken in furthwering my study I al thinke my selfe greatly beholding so longe as I liue M. That is my desire Philomathes to make ●●ng students to be beholding vnto me if so be here●er you shall stand in need of my helpe ether through getfulnes or hardnes of that which I haue taught you if you will repaire to my poore lodging in Abchurch lane you shall find me ready to doe you what pleasure I can And so farewell FINIS