Selected quad for the lemma: earth_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
earth_n	according_a	heaven_n	see_v	2,962	5	3.6920	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A26110	Astronomy's advancement, or, News for the curious being a treatise of telescopes, and an account of the marvelous astronomical discoveries of late years made throughout Europe : with the figures of the sun, moon, and planets, with Copernicus his system, in twelve copper plates : also, an abstract to ching the distance, faces, bulks, and orbs of the heavenly bodies, the best way of using instruments for satisfaction, &c. out of the best astronomers, ancient and modern, viz. Mr. Hook, Mr. Bouilleau, Mr. Hevelius, Father Kircher, &c. / done out of French by Jos. Walker.	Walker, Joseph.	1684 (1684)	Wing A4084; ESTC R5939	21,942	80

apparent_a diameter_n be_v judge_v by_o none_o above_o one_o minute_n and_o some_o odd_a part_n however_o his_o body_n be_v according_a to_o ptolomey_n seventy_o nine_o time_n according_a to_o lansbergius_n forty_o six_o according_a to_o tycho_n but_o twenty_o two_o time_n big_a than_o the_o earth_n and_o at_o our_o old_a rate_n the_o diameter_n of_o his_o orb_n will_v be_v about_o thirty_o one_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o two_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o compass_n of_o his_o orb_n about_o ninety_o four_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o and_o six_o of_o they_o thus_o far_o then_o of_o the_o planet_n their_o mean_a distance_n from_o we_o their_o bulk_n and_o orbit_n sect_n vii_o of_o the_o fix_a star_n their_o magnitude_n and_o sphere_n because_o some_o have_v judge_v certain_a comet_n to_o have_v mount_v as_o high_a as_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o observe_v they_o have_v any_o parallax_n we_o will_v therefore_o here_o consider_v those_o star_n as_o we_o have_v do_v the_o planet_n ptolomey_n at_o least_o the_o forementioned_a arabian_n deduce_v it_o from_o his_o principle_n have_v place_v the_o fix_a star_n nineteen_o thousand_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n distant_a from_o it_o tycho_n honest_o tell_v we_o that_o no_o exact_a or_o certain_a measure_n can_v be_v take_v in_o this_o case_n conjecture_n they_o to_o be_v near_o about_o fourteen_o thousand_o such_o semidiameter_n distant_a as_o to_o the_o copernican_n they_o have_v another_o way_n of_o measure_v of_o which_o anon_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v judge_v very_o far_o from_o be_v all_o of_o a_o bigness_n and_o since_o the_o invention_n of_o telescope_n it_o be_v certain_a there_o be_v a_o multitude_n of_o they_o either_o so_o small_a or_o so_o far_o off_o we_o that_o they_o can_v be_v see_v by_o our_o naked_a eye_n however_o according_a to_o the_o usual_a estimate_n they_o be_v take_v to_o be_v of_o six_o several_a magnitude_n those_o of_o the_o first_o rate_n be_v conceive_v one_o hundred_o and_o eight_o time_n big_a than_o the_o earth_n such_o be_v the_o big_a dog-star_n the_o bulls-eye_n etc._n etc._n those_o of_o the_o six_o and_o least_o rate_n only_o eighteen_o time_n big_a than_o it_o according_a to_o alphraganus_n his_o account_n but_o albategnius_n his_o brother_n ptolomaick_n vary_v a_o little_a not_o very_o much_o worth_n insist_v on_o however_o behold_v his_o whole_a estimate_n of_o all_o the_o mundane_a body_n if_o we_o compare_v say_v he_o all_o the_o mundane_a body_n as_o to_o their_o bigness_n we_o must_v acknowledge_v the_o sun_n to_o take_v the_o first_o place_n as_o big_a of_o they_o all_o next_z he_o the_o fix_a star_n of_o the_o first_o magnitude_n in_o the_o three_o place_n jupiter_n in_o the_o four_o saturn_n in_o the_o five_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o five_o order_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n according_a to_o their_o magnitude_n of_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o and_z 6_o rate_n in_o the_o six_o place_n mars_n in_o the_o seven_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o eight_o venus_n in_o the_o nine_o the_o moon_n in_o the_o ten_o and_o last_o mercury_n this_o be_v also_o general_o the_o ptolomeans_n opinion_n of_o the_o several_a body_n in_o this_o systeme_n of_o the_o world_n but_o i_o suppose_v it_o must_v be_v understand_v only_o of_o such_o fix_a star_n as_o they_o know_v for_o before_o the_o invention_n of_o telescope_n that_o infinite_a number_n of_o star_n which_o make_v up_o the_o galaxy_n or_o milky_a way_n that_o great_a number_n also_o in_o the_o constellation_n of_o the_o pleyade_n not_o see_v to_o the_o naked_a eye_n as_o also_o the_o innumerable_a number_n scatter_v through_o the_o heaven_n discoverable_a by_o the_o help_n of_o our_o glass_n be_v not_o know_v nor_o therefore_o estimate_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o fix_a star_n if_o take_v according_a to_o our_o old_a rule_n be_v about_o thirty_o eight_o thousand_o and_o two_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o its_o compass_n upward_o of_o one_o hundred_o seventy_o four_o thousand_o and_o six_o such_o semidiameter_n sect_n viii_o of_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o copernican_n in_o these_o point_n and_o the_o advantage_n of_o their_o systeme_n now_o copernicus_n and_o his_o follower_n place_v the_o sun_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n and_o suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v move_v both_o upon_o her_o own_o centre_n daily_o and_o annual_o about_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v far_o the_o most_o probable_a of_o any_o of_o the_o mundane_a systeme_n measure_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o fix_a star_n by_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o great_a orb_n and_o the_o great_a orb_n they_o call_v the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n annual_a motion_n about_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o full_a understanding_n hereof_o behold_v here_o the_o systeme_n or_o fabric_n of_o the_o world_n according_a to_o the_o copernican_n supposal_n fig_n 11_o suppose_v then_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v move_v round_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o circle_n here_o assign_v to_o it_o that_o circle_n they_o call_v the_o great_a orb_n and_o suppose_v the_o semidiameter_n of_o it_o to_o be_v equal_a to_o 1500_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n to_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o earth_n 28000_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o great_a orb_n or_o which_o be_v much_o about_o the_o same_o forty_o two_o million_o of_o the_o earth_n semidiameter_n this_o distance_n indeed_o be_v vast_o great_a than_o either_o that_o assign_v by_o ptolomey_n or_o tycho_n but_o yet_o admit_v the_o distance_n assign_v by_o either_o of_o the_o two_o late_a and_o measure_v the_o compass_n of_o the_o orb_n of_o fix_a star_n thereby_o it_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n unconceivable_a that_o that_o orb_n can_v be_v carry_v round_o the_o earth_n in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n or_o in_o a_o natural_a day_n for_o in_o such_o case_n its_o motion_n must_v be_v many_o hundred_o time_n more_o rapid_a or_o swift_a than_o the_o shot_n out_o of_o any_o gun_n for_o according_a to_o due_a computation_n the_o very_a sun_n itself_o by_o the_o ptolomaick_a hypothesis_n must_v move_v in_o one_o minute_n 13095_o english_a mile_n and_o in_o a_o hour_n 783715_o mile_n but_o the_o fix_a star_n most_o vast_o more_o namely_o 13513686_o english_a mile_n in_o one_o hour_n and_o in_o one_o minute_n not_o less_o than_o 225228_o mile_n which_o i_o think_v no_o one_o can_v well_o believe_v yet_o this_o i_o say_v will_v inevitable_o follow_v upon_o that_o distance_n at_o which_o ptolomey_n place_v both_o sun_n and_o fix_v star_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o much_o more_o upon_o the_o distance_n assign_v by_o the_o copernican_n only_o those_o indeed_o help_v themselves_o by_o suppose_v the_o earth_n daily_a motion_n upon_o its_o own_o ax._n sect_n ix_o of_o the_o boast_n way_n and_o time_n of_o use_v instrument_n to_o satisfy_v ourselves_o in_o these_o curiosity_n that_o the_o quadrant_n or_o where_o a_o large_a quadrant_n can_v be_v manage_v a_o sextant_a and_o telescope_n be_v the_o most_o useful_a instrument_n for_o both_o make_n and_o satisfy_v ourselves_o in_o discovery_n of_o this_o nature_n i_o think_v will_v not_o be_v doubt_v but_o certain_o the_o best_a way_n to_o use_v they_o be_v in_o conjunction_n it_o be_v true_a there_o may_v be_v several_a case_n in_o which_o we_o respect_v not_o much_o the_o height_n or_o place_n of_o a_o star_n it_o may_v be_v all_o we_o design_n be_v to_o view_v its_o colour_n form_n spot_n or_o the_o like_a and_o then_o the_o telescope_n itself_o may_v suffice_v but_o because_o star_n appear_v of_o different_a diameter_n or_o size_n according_a to_o their_o different_a height_n or_o position_n above_o the_o horizon_n therefore_o we_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v the_o exact_a observation_n and_o true_a judgement_n if_o we_o have_v to_o the_o side_n of_o a_o large_a quadrant_n or_o sextant_a due_o fix_v a_o proportionable_a telescope_n join_v and_o fasten_v the_o way_n of_o fix_v both_o it_o be_v scarce_o possible_a in_o word_n so_o to_o describe_v as_o that_o it_o will_v be_v plain_o understand_v but_o these_o thing_n may_v easy_o be_v see_v and_o then_o most_o ready_o understand_v if_o we_o go_v to_o any_o artist_n and_o be_v furnish_v with_o such_o a_o machine_n or_o instrument_n the_o best_a time_n to_o use_v it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o light_a night_n or_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v at_o full_a except_o on_o some_o particular_a occasion_n for_o then_o the_o luminous_a ray_n too_o much_o confound_v one_o another_o it_o be_v much_o best_a view_v the_o moon_n at_o or_o near_o its_o quarter_n but_o if_o we_o will_v see_v a_o full_a moon_n we_o must_v have_v large_a and_o long_a telescope_n than_o such_o as_o can_v be_v fix_v to_o quadrant_n and_o there_o be_v little_a device_n

astronomy_n advancement_n or_o news_n for_o the_o curious_a be_v a_o treatise_n of_o telescope_n and_o a_o account_n of_o the_o marvellous_a astronomical_a discovery_n of_o late_a year_n make_v throughout_o europe_n with_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o planet_n with_o copernicus_n his_o system_fw-la in_o twelve_o copper_n plate_n also_o a_o abstract_n touch_v the_o distance_n face_n bulk_n and_o orb_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n the_o best_a way_n of_o use_v instrument_n for_o satisfaction_n etc._n etc._n out_o of_o the_o best_a astronomer_n ancient_a and_o modern_a viz._n mr._n hook_n mr._n bovilleau_n mr._n hevelius_n father_n kircher_n etc._n etc._n a_o piece_n contain_v great_a curiosity_n do_v out_o of_o french_a by_o jos_n walker_n london_n print_v for_o philip_n lea_n globe-maker_n at_o the_o atlas_n and_o hercules_n in_o the_o poultry_n right_a against_o the_o old-jury_n 1684._o to_o the_o honourable_a sir_n william_n portman_n baronet_n and_o knight_n of_o the_o bath_n it_o may_v true_o be_v affirm_v that_o nature_n make_v a_o equal_a partition_n of_o all_o her_o good_n among_o her_o child_n the_o eagle_n and_o hawk_n for_o sight_n the_o hound_n for_o send_v the_o lily_n and_o peacock_n for_o gay_a clothing_n bird_n beast_n and_o fish_n go_v away_o alike_o satisfy_v and_o please_v with_o their_o sit_v and_o condition_n man_n in_o this_o distribution_n whilst_o he_o retain_v his_o innocency_n be_v god_n vicegerent_n upon_o earth_n and_o beside_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o command_n of_o all_o creature_n he_o have_v also_o fellowship_n with_o angel_n but_o fail_v of_o his_o allegiance_n he_o be_v soon_o degrade_v of_o his_o dignity_n and_o become_v subject_a unto_o manifold_a misery_n and_o even_o to_o death_n itself_o yet_o in_o his_o fall_a estate_n there_o be_v to_o be_v see_v some_o mark_n of_o his_o divine_a original_a the_o heathen_a poet_n sing_v of_o he_o os_fw-la homini_fw-la sublime_a dedit_fw-la coelumque_fw-la tueri_fw-la that_o he_o be_v not_o a_o child_n of_o earth_n like_o other_o creature_n but_o chief_o make_v to_o contemplate_v heavenly_a thing_n of_o a_o erect_a countenance_n fit_o frame_v with_o two_o eye_n wonderful_o make_v to_o view_v the_o work_n of_o god_n hand_n it_o be_v true_a the_o natural_a imbecility_n as_o of_o other_o so_o of_o our_o visive_n organ_n do_v not_o permit_v we_o to_o take_v so_o full_a a_o view_n as_o we_o can_v wish_v of_o body_n that_o be_v always_o at_o great_a distance_n therefore_o man_n by_o their_o industry_n have_v invent_v art_n to_o supply_v this_o defect_n and_o among_o many_o the_o telescope_n which_o occasion_v the_o ensue_a treatise_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o useful_a and_o curious_a instrument_n that_o have_v hitherto_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o help_n of_o it_o man_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n restore_v unto_o their_o first_o dignity_n and_o somewhat_o enable_v to_o see_v and_o contemplate_v the_o wonderful_a frame_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o heavenly_a body_n and_o thereby_o raise_v their_o thought_n and_o affection_n from_o earthly_a gross_a and_o mean_a object_n to_o such_o which_o from_o a_o primum_fw-la mobile_n may_v advance_v they_o to_o the_o first_o mover_n and_o creator_n of_o all_o thing_n but_o as_o the_o eye_n of_o nature_n carry_v we_o but_o a_o little_a part_n of_o this_o way_n so_o also_o this_o artificial_a eye_n fall_v very_o far_o short_a of_o the_o mark_n and_o though_o it_o communicate_v unto_o we_o some_o imperfect_a glimmering_n of_o the_o star_n firmament_n and_o low_a heaven_n yet_o it_o there_o leave_v we_o at_o a_o loss_n so_o that_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o take_v some_o other_o help_n to_o gaide_v we_o to_o the_o sight_n and_o fruition_n of_o the_o supreme_a happiness_n and_o that_o be_v the_o eye_n of_o faith_n pure_o abstract_v from_o all_o sensitive_a matter_n which_o alone_o can_v penetrate_v through_o the_o fog_n and_o thick_a vapour_n of_o the_o air_n and_o can_v like_v the_o eagle_n steadfast_o through_o the_o veil_n of_o the_o firmament_n behold_v the_o sun_n of_o righteousness_n this_o eye_n be_v only_o to_o be_v obtain_v by_o the_o constant_a and_o conscionable_a hear_n and_o read_v the_o word_n of_o god_n which_o by_o some_o year_n experience_v i_o observe_v you_o to_o perform_v and_o question_v not_o your_o perseverance_n therein_o have_v receive_v as_o many_o and_o great_a blessing_n from_o his_o liberal_a hand_n as_o any_o heart_n can_v reasonable_o wish_v a_o person_n of_o quality_n unto_o who_o i_o have_v a_o thousand_o obligation_n be_v please_v late_o to_o show_v i_o the_o follow_a collection_n of_o discovery_n make_v by_o many_o famous_a astronomer_n of_o europe_n touch_v the_o planet_n and_o some_o other_o star_n intimate_v that_o the_o time_n will_v not_o be_v ill_o spend_v to_o render_v it_o into_o english_a i_o be_v very_o sensible_a of_o his_o great_a wisdom_n and_o judgement_n ready_o contribute_v my_o weak_a endeavour_n to_o communicate_v it_o unto_o all_o that_o be_v well_o wisher_n unto_o these_o sublime_a speculation_n and_o have_v for_o a_o age_n pass_v be_v ambitious_a to_o give_v some_o public_a demonstration_n unto_o the_o world_n as_o i_o have_v do_v in_o several_a particular_a rencounter_n unto_o yourself_o of_o my_o gratitude_n for_o the_o many_o favour_n you_o have_v be_v please_v on_o all_o occasion_n to_o confer_v upon_o i_o both_o in_o city_n and_o country_n although_o i_o can_v with_o a_o d'avenant_n or_o cowley_n fix_v your_o illustrious_a name_n among_o the_o star_n by_o the_o rolling_n measure_v of_o pindaric_a or_o heroic_a ode_n yet_o i_o do_v with_o no_o less_o hearty_a resentment_n according_a to_o my_o slender_a ability_n here_o fit_o place_v your_o great_a name_n as_o a_o member_n of_o the_o most_o famous_a society_n in_o the_o world_n in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o choice_a part_n of_o the_o most_o eminent_a of_o the_o heavenly_a star_n and_o planet_n and_o that_o it_o may_v for_o many_o lustre_n of_o age_n flourish_n and_o shine_v with_o they_o above_o as_o you_o have_v do_v here_o below_o and_o convey_v their_o happy_a to_o the_o reader_n they_o must_v be_v very_o great_a stranger_n to_o be_v genius_n of_o our_o nation_n that_o will_v go_v about_o to_o deny_v they_o to_o have_v make_v as_o great_a progress_n in_o astronomical_a speculation_n as_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o yet_o know_v the_o active_a mind_n of_o man_n be_v inquisitive_a after_o new_a thing_n meet_v accidental_o with_o this_o small_a treatise_n of_o telescope_n and_o find_v it_o to_o have_v be_v receive_v beyond_o sea_n with_o a_o general_a applause_n and_o approbation_n and_o print_v at_o paris_n avec_fw-fr privilege_n du_fw-mi roy_fw-fr and_o suppose_v it_o as_o fit_a as_o other_o subject_n to_o make_v a_o progress_n into_o england_n i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v no_o disservice_n to_o the_o curious_a to_o lend_v it_o my_o help_n and_o assistance_n in_o put_v it_o into_o a_o english_a garb_n and_o in_o recommend_v its_o fate_n unto_o all_o wellwisher_n of_o the_o mathematics_n a_o account_n of_o the_o marvellous_a astronomical_a discovery_n of_o late_a year_n make_v throughout_o europe_n by_o the_o help_n of_o telescope_n etc._n etc._n sect_n 1._o of_o telescope_n the_o telescope_n or_o great_a prospective-glass_n be_v invent_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o age_n before_o which_o time_n none_o in_o the_o world_n have_v knowledge_n of_o it_o former_o it_o be_v make_v very_o little_a and_o short_a but_o find_v that_o it_o representede_n object_n much_o better_o be_v make_v in_o a_o large_a form_n it_o be_v now_o make_v 20_o 30_o and_o unto_o 60_o or_o 80_o foot_n long_o whereby_o object_n at_o great_a distance_n be_v clear_o and_o more_o distinct_o see_v and_o discover_v some_o do_v judge_n they_o may_v be_v make_v of_o such_o a_o capacity_n or_o improve_v to_o such_o form_n that_o by_o they_o may_v be_v see_v the_o inhabitant_n or_o animal_n which_o by_o some_o be_v pretend_v to_o be_v in_o the_o moon_n wherefore_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o mr._n azout_n the_o matter_n hereafter_o mention_v appear_v but_o as_o object_n of_o 60_o or_o 70_o league_n distant_a we_o will_v here_o report_v the_o testimony_n of_o several_a famous_a artist_n and_o astronomer_n who_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o this_o instrument_n have_v make_v their_o observation_n upon_o the_o star_n and_o heaven_n each_o in_o their_o own_o country_n viz._n some_o at_o paris_n other_o at_o rome_n other_o at_o london_n and_o other_o in_o several_a other_o place_n of_o europe_n sect_n ii_o general_n discovery_n make_v by_o the_o help_n of_o telescope_n 1._o by_o mean_n of_o this_o curious_a instrument_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o all_o the_o planet_n and_o star_n except_v the_o sun_n be_v so_o many_o opaque_fw-la and_o dense_n body_n without_o any_o light_n whatever_o but_o only_o what_o they_o

borrow_v of_o the_o sun_n 2._o that_o every_o one_o of_o the_o planet_n except_o the_o sun_n change_v their_o face_n like_o the_o moon_n so_o that_o venus_n and_o mercury_n do_v sometime_o appear_v like_o a_o half_a moon_n and_o sometime_o quite_o round_o according_a as_o these_o planet_n be_v find_v more_o or_o less_o opposite_a unto_o the_o sun_n that_o mars_n sometime_o appear_v in_o a_o curvy_a line_a figure_n that_o saturn_n show_v himself_o as_o encompass_v with_o a_o ring_n touch_v jupiter_n it_o be_v very_o marvellous_a that_o there_o be_v discover_v four_o little_a star_n that_o continual_o move_v circular_o about_o his_o body_n and_o which_o by_o that_o mean_v cast_v a_o shade_n upon_o his_o superficies_n these_o thing_n be_v undeniable_a testimony_n that_o all_o these_o planet_n have_v no_o other_o light_n but_o that_o which_o the_o sun_n communicate_v unto_o they_o 3._o this_o telescope_n do_v also_o inform_v we_o that_o each_o of_o these_o planet_n except_o the_o sun_n have_v spot_n in_o their_o superficies_n just_a as_o the_o moon_n have_v and_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o blackness_n 4._o the_o same_o instrument_n have_v also_o inform_v we_o that_o each_o of_o these_o planet_n and_o the_o sun_n also_o together_o with_o the_o daily_a and_o natural_a motion_n do_v beside_o move_v themselves_o upon_o their_o centre_n some_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o revolution_n and_o other_o by_o that_o of_o libration_n sect_n iii_o discovery_n in_o the_o fix_a star_n touch_v the_o fix_a star_n it_o be_v marvellous_a that_o the_o same_o four_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v observe_v to_o be_v in_o the_o planet_n be_v also_o find_v to_o meet_v in_o they_o hereupon_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o help_n of_o the_o same_o instrument_n there_o be_v discover_v new_a star_n in_o the_o firmament_n the_o which_o have_v appear_v a_o certain_a time_n do_v so_o decrease_v of_o their_o bigness_n that_o they_o can_v any_o long_o be_v discern_v and_o then_o afterward_o after_o the_o revolution_n of_o month_n year_n or_o age_n do_v appear_v again_o as_o if_o they_o be_v new_o come_v into_o be_v this_o wonder_n have_v give_v occasion_n unto_o astronomer_n and_o modern_a optist_n to_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o star_n as_o with_o the_o psanet_n and_o that_o at_o least_o some_o of_o they_o have_v spot_n and_o blemish_n and_o that_o they_o also_o move_v as_o those_o do_v on_o their_o centre_n from_o whence_o it_o proceed_v that_o when_o their_o spect_n be_v turn_v towards_o the_o earth_n they_o do_v not_o appear_v unto_o we_o and_o when_o the_o spot_n be_v turn_v other_o way_n behind_o than_o they_o do_v appear_v by_o mean_n port_n a_o evident_a decision_n of_o the_o question_n unto_o this_o day_n controvert_v to_o wit_n whether_o these_o star_n shine_v of_o their_o own_o proper_a light_n or_o of_o the_o light_n borrow_v from_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o we_o must_v hold_v it_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o affirmative_a that_o they_o shine_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o illumination_n of_o this_o great_a planet_n which_o be_v the_o point_n we_o have_v establish_v in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o our_o anticopernicus_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o observable_a and_o curious_a thing_n to_o be_v see_v in_o this_o first_o part._n as_o for_o the_o star_n which_o be_v permanent_a or_o do_v always_o shine_v it_o may_v probable_o be_v say_v that_o they_o always_o continue_v such_o because_o that_o by_o their_o move_n upon_o their_o centre_n they_o have_v little_a or_o no_o spot_n moreover_o this_o prospective_n discover_v unto_o we_o in_o the_o heaven_n a_o far_o great_a number_n of_o star_n than_o what_o we_o can_v discern_v with_o the_o naked_a eye_n it_o discover_v unto_o we_o in_o the_o pleyade_n in_o a_o circle_n of_o one_o degree_n of_o diameter_n which_o encompass_v they_o the_o number_n of_o 46_o star_n whereas_o we_o can_v perceive_v in_o that_o little_a company_n but_o six_o the_o seven_o 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it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o surprise_n to_o hear_v that_o all_o the_o planet_n do_v appear_v great_a in_o the_o glass_n than_o they_o be_v especial_o the_o low_a and_o then_o again_o these_o fix_a star_n on_o the_o contrary_a with_o the_o same_o glass_n do_v appear_v small_a i_o adhere_v unto_o this_o opinion_n of_o the_o prodigious_a smallness_n of_o fix_a star_n nevertheless_o at_o present_a i_o judge_v that_o as_o to_o this_o matter_n there_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o fallacy_n in_o our_o sight_n hereafter_o we_o will_v make_v a_o far_a demonstration_n last_o the_o telescope_n have_v discover_v and_o decide_v the_o question_n which_o have_v be_v so_o long_o agitate_a among_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n namely_o what_o the_o be_v which_o we_o call_v the_o milky_a way_n vulgar_o in_o french_a the_o way_n of_o st._n james_n for_o it_o have_v give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o it_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o small_a star_n which_o by_o their_o nearness_n one_o to_o another_o make_v up_o all_o that_o white_a tract_n which_o we_o behold_v in_o the_o heaven_n sect_n iv_o of_o what_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o sun_n by_o help_v of_o the_o abovesaid_a instrument_n there_o have_v be_v observe_v upon_o the_o convexity_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n black_a spot_n which_o be_v movable_a variable_a and_o subject_a to_o change_v and_o which_o do_v move_v regular_o towards_o the_o west_n finish_v their_o revolution_n in_o 26_o or_o 27_o day_n nevertheless_o hevelius_n here_o trace_n these_o way_n by_o bend_n sometime_o convex_a and_o sometime_o hollow_o the_o motion_n of_o these_o solar_a spot_n testify_v unto_o we_o that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n trun_v upon_o this_o centre_n with_o that_o motion_n these_o spot_n be_v not_o celestial_a body_n as_o j._n tarde_fw-la will_v make_v we_o believe_v but_o rather_o evaporation_n which_o rise_v from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o vapour_n arise_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o form_v themselves_o into_o cloud_n which_o do_v appear_v inasmuch_o as_o these_o spot_n be_v always_o chageable_a in_o their_o form_n bulk_n and_o configuration_n sometime_o there_o appear_v a_o great_a number_n in_o the_o face_n of_o this_o star_n sometime_o but_o a_o few_o and_o sometime_o none_o at_o all_o some_o of_o these_o spot_n shine_v and_o become_v lightsome_a and_o other_o that_o shine_v become_v dark_a to_o this_o purpose_n malapert_a at_o arras_n do_v daily_o observe_v these_o spot_n from_o the_o year_n 1618._o unto_o the_o year_n 1627._o and_o never_o find_v they_o return_v unto_o the_o same_o configuration_n they_o have_v in_o all_o that_o time_n scheiner_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n observe_v they_o at_o rome_n at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o find_v they_o not_o otherwise_o than_o the_o former_a have_v do_v it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o some_o of_o these_o solar_a spot_n have_v remain_v fix_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o that_o will_v have_v decide_v the_o great_a question_n to_o wit_n if_o it_o be_v the_o earth_n or_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v immovable_a in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n the_o sun_n according_a to_o ea_fw-la kircher_n also_o wherefore_o at_o certain_a time_n it_o be_v that_o this_o star_n appear_v not_o in_o his_o wont_a brightness_n as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1547._o from_o the_o 24_o of_o august_n unto_o the_o 28_o that_o the_o sun_n appear_v red_a and_o not_o as_o bright_a as_o the_o moon_n in_o her_o total_a eclipse_n so_o that_o several_a star_n be_v visible_a at_o noonday_n it_o happen_v to_o be_v the_o same_o for_o a_o whole_a year_n together_o at_o the_o time_n when_o caesar_n be_v murder_v insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v so_o darken_v that_o it_o can_v scarce_o ripen_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n virg._n geor._n

lib._n 1._o &_o ovid._n metam_fw-la lib._n 15._o it_o be_v then_o by_o reason_n of_o evaporation_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o cover_v its_o shine_a face_n and_o darken_v its_o light_n and_o diminish_v its_o heat_n sect_n v._o of_o what_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o moon_n beside_o what_o be_v common_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o moon_n by_o the_o naked_a eye_n to_o wit_n that_o she_o change_v her_o face_n according_a as_o she_o turn_v towards_o the_o sun_n and_o that_o together_o with_o what_o light_n she_o have_v she_o have_v also_o black_a irregular_a spot_n the_o same_o instrument_n have_v far_a inform_v we_o that_o the_o lucid_a part_n of_o her_o body_n be_v rugged_a and_o protuberant_a and_o as_o some_o conjecture_n be_v like_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o rest_n which_o consist_v in_o spot_n as_o the_o same_o author_n say_v resemble_v the_o sea_n also_o that_o the_o surface_n of_o this_o planet_n be_v set_v all_o over_o with_o certain_a round_a hollow_n like_o pit_n or_o well_n of_o several_a magnitude_n all_o and_o every_o of_o which_o some_o unadvised_o take_v to_o be_v so_o many_o mountain_n but_o that_o they_o be_v rather_o a_o kind_n of_o cavity_n and_o like_a well_n or_o pit_n than_o mountain_n be_v apparent_a in_o regard_n their_o shade_n be_v towards_o the_o sun_n and_o not_o opposite_a that_o be_v to_o say_v beyond_o these_o concavity_n or_o well_n and_o these_o be_v all_o the_o shade_n which_o be_v remarkable_a in_o the_o disque_n of_o the_o moon_n for_o to_o imagine_v as_o a_o great_a many_o do_v that_o these_o spot_n be_v so_o many_o shadow_n produce_v by_o the_o sun_n by_o reason_n of_o hill_n and_o valley_n which_o all_o antiquity_n suppose_v to_o be_v in_o the_o moon_n be_v not_o true_a for_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v full_a and_o opposite_a to_o the_o sun_n these_o pretend_a shade_n in_o this_o planet_n shall_v by_o consequence_n disappear_z which_o yet_o be_v not_o so_o note_v that_o in_o our_o figure_n all_o the_o abovesaid_a hollow_n be_v represent_v without_o shade_n because_o be_v a_o figure_n of_o the_o full_a moon_n the_o sun_n do_v thorough_o enlighten_v they_o at_o other_o time_n as_o at_o the_o quarter_n they_o show_v themselves_o shade_v in_o the_o part_n towards_o the_o sun_n and_o although_o the_o face_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v full_a of_o wrinkle_n yet_o nevertheless_o there_o appear_v no_o shadow_n whether_o it_o be_v that_o the_o shade_n of_o these_o wrinkle_n be_v insensible_a for_o their_o smallness_n or_o else_o that_o they_o be_v transparent_a to_o the_o sun_n beam_n which_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o galileo_n who_o esteem_v the_o moon_n to_o be_v like_o the_o mother_n of_o pearl_n show_v knob_n and_o redness_n where_o there_o be_v none_o it_o be_v true_a that_o some_o of_o these_o well_n or_o hollow_n seem_v to_o be_v all_o black_a in_o the_o full_a moon_n but_o that_o be_v without_o doubt_n because_o that_o these_o cavity_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o spot_n whereof_o we_o speak_v the_o 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eight_o psalm_n inform_v we_o that_o this_o planet_n as_o also_o the_o star_n be_v the_o work_n of_o god_n finger_n mark_v the_o word_n finger_n all_o which_o be_v consider_v and_o for_o other_o reason_n we_o can_v say_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v a_o world_n fill_v with_o inhabitant_n animal_n and_o plant_n as_o many_o ancient_a philosopher_n have_v imagine_v but_o rather_o a_o certain_a vapour_n or_o cloud_n probable_o condense_v with_o cold_a which_o be_v evident_a inasmuch_o as_o this_o star_n by_o day_n appear_v as_o a_o common_a cloud_n which_o cloud_n be_v it_o raise_v to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o that_o it_o be_v as_o big_a it_o will_v shine_v in_o the_o night_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n add_v hereunto_o that_o the_o pillar_n of_o the_o cloud_n which_o conduct_v the_o israelite_n in_o the_o wilderness_n be_v a_o cloud_n by_o day_n and_o a_o pillar_n of_o fire_n by_o night_n we_o judge_v that_o all_o the_o star_n of_o heaven_n except_o the_o sun_n be_v of_o the_o same_o substance_n the_o moon_n be_v of_o it_o be_v moreover_o a_o great_a wonder_n that_o this_o nocturnal_a light_n appear_v unto_o we_o here_o below_o to_o have_v borrow_a the_o likeness_n of_o a_o woman_n face_n in_o her_o disque_n plutarch_n have_v write_v a_o treatise_n express_o wherein_o he_o say_v this_o figure_n of_o a_o human_a face_n be_v in_o the_o mouth_n and_o hand_n of_o all_o the_o world_n although_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o some_o of_o great_a wit_n and_o exquisite_a judgement_n do_v protest_v they_o do_v not_o perceive_v any_o image_n of_o a_o woman_n face_n in_o this_o planet_n but_o plutarch_n himself_o give_v a_o reason_n of_o this_o mistake_n say_v that_o it_o be_v because_o those_o people_n have_v the_o sight_n low_a and_o weak_a uncapable_a of_o well_o perceive_v the_o lineament_n of_o this_o face_n or_o rather_o it_o be_v because_o their_o thought_n be_v not_o intent_n upon_o the_o design_n picture_n or_o portraiture_n for_o my_o part_n before_o i_o attain_v to_o be_v six_o year_n of_o age_n i_o already_o fancy_v the_o form_n of_o a_o face_n in_o this_o planet_n which_o also_o most_o people_n in_o the_o world_n think_v they_o do_v beside_o let_v we_o observe_v this_o face_n in_o the_o moon_n with_o the_o telescope_n and_o let_v we_o consider_v it_o altogether_o and_o several_o than_o you_o will_v say_v this_o human_a face_n will_v no_o more_o be_v see_v but_o only_o certain_a irregular_a vapour_n without_o any_o order_n which_o have_v no_o likeness_n unto_o any_o representation_n whatsoever_o 1._o our_o telescope_n have_v also_o inform_v we_o that_o there_o be_v first_o a_o atmosphere_n or_o orb_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v of_o a_o very_a thin_a vaporous_a air_n which_o encompass_v all_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o moon_n as_o round_o the_o earth_n there_o consist_v the_o like_a orb_n of_o vaporous_a and_o cloudy_a air_n which_o contain_v the_o first_o region_n of_o the_o air._n 2._o the_o telescope_n have_v far_a give_v we_o to_o understand_v a_o thing_n very_o surprise_v in_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v that_o in_o her_o eclipse_n when_o it_o be_v eclipse_v a_o finger_n breadth_n or_o two_o to_o the_o naked_a eye_n it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o eclipse_v if_o you_o look_v on_o it_o with_o the_o telescope_n and_o when_o it_o be_v quite_o free_v from_o the_o eclipse_n in_o the_o telescope_n it_o yet_o appear_v to_o be_v eclipse_v a_o finger_n or_o two_o breadth_n to_o the_o naked_a eye_n upon_o this_o matter_n see_v the_o hydrogr_n of_o father_n fournier_n wherein_o be_v give_v some_o example_n of_o this_o phenomenon_n 3._o this_o telescope_n have_v far_a give_v we_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o thing_n more_o strange_a and_o wonderful_a to_o wit_n that_o although_o the_o moon_n be_v low_o near_o the_o horizon_n appear_v great_a unto_o the_o naked_a eye_n and_o be_v mount_v towards_o the_o zenith_n appear_v less_o it_o be_v find_v that_o when_o its_o visual_a diameter_n come_v to_o be_v measure_v in_o both_o these_o place_n the_o quite_o contrary_a do_v appear_v to_o wit_n that_o she_o be_v less_o when_o she_o be_v low_a near_o the_o horizon_n and_o great_a when_o she_o be_v mount_v towards_o the_o zenith_n the_o full_a moon_n according_a to_o mr._n hevelius_n 4._o let_v we_o instance_n in_o a_o four_o thing_n which_o relate_v unto_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v that_o although_o for_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n it_o have_v be_v believe_v that_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o world_n may_v be_v obtain_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o eclipse_n of_o this_o planet_n nevertheless_o observation_n do_v not_o thereto_o agree_v and_o do_v very_o much_o disagree_v from_o the_o longitude_n of_o our_o map_n of_o the_o world_n whereupon_o see_v the_o hydrogr_n of_o father_n fournier_n which_o give_v a_o great_a number_n

he_o of_o revolution_n or_o libration_n sect_n x._o of_o what_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o mercury_n touch_v mercury_n we_o have_v no_o observation_n can_v say_v that_o he_o have_v spot_n as_o the_o other_o aforesaid_a planet_n nor_o can_v we_o determine_v whether_o he_o turn_v or_o not_o on_o his_o centre_n or_o on_o some_o axe_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v probable_a to_o believe_v that_o it_o have_v all_o thing_n just_a as_o the_o other_o heavenly_a body_n moreover_o hevelius_fw-la in_o the_o year_n 1644._o observe_v that_o he_o change_v his_o face_n just_a as_o the_o moon_n and_o venus_n and_o that_o he_o appear_v sometime_o round_o sometime_o half_o round_a and_o sometime_o like_o a_o crescent_n the_o reason_n wherefore_o this_o planet_n be_v not_o discern_v like_o the_o other_o be_v because_o of_o his_o smallness_n and_o for_o its_o be_v common_o darken_v by_o the_o sun_n beam_n the_o 7_o of_o november_n 1631._o this_o mercury_n be_v see_v in_o the_o disque_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o it_o be_v to_o eclipse_v it_o and_o there_o appear_v like_o a_o spot_n of_o the_o eighti_v or_o nineti_v part_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o this_o great_a star_n it_o have_v its_o centre_n very_o black_a and_o the_o extremity_n something_a red_a fig_n 6_o 1_o face_n of_o venus_n according_o ta_o mr._n cassini_n 2_o another_o face_n of_o venus_n according_a to_o massini_n 3_o another_o face_n of_o venus_n accor_v to_o mr._n cassini_n sect_n xi_o of_o new_a star_n which_o appear_v for_o a_o time_n and_o then_o idsappear_v at_o another_o time_n and_o first_o of_o the_o first_o which_o come_v to_o our_o knowledge_n and_o of_o the_o notable_a one_o which_o appear_v in_o the_o chair_n of_o cassiopea_n anno_fw-la 1572._o the_o first_o new_a star_n come_v unto_o our_o knowledge_n be_v that_o which_o appear_v in_o the_o time_n of_o hypparcus_n about_o 125_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n since_o which_o time_n some_o other_o have_v also_o be_v discover_v to_o wit_n one_o in_o the_o year_n 388._o whereof_o claudian_n make_v mention_v and_o one_o in_o the_o fifteen_o degree_n of_o scorpio_n speak_v of_o by_o albumazar_n haly_n the_o which_o continue_v four_o month_n since_o which_o time_n in_o the_o year_n 1571._o the_o nine_o of_o november_n there_o appear_v in_o the_o firmament_n in_o the_o chair_n of_o cassiopea_n that_o notable_a star_n of_o the_o first_o magnitude_n which_o in_o its_o course_n govern_v itself_o like_o the_o other_o star_n as_o hold_v place_n among_o they_o and_o have_v no_o paralax_n the_o astronomer_n of_o those_o time_n well_o observe_v it_o for_o instance_n tycho_n b._n it_o continue_v sixteen_o month_n after_o which_o time_n decrease_v very_o much_o it_o grow_v quite_o invisible_a upon_o the_o consideration_n of_o this_o star_n or_o comet_n be_v remarkable_a unto_o our_o purpose_n what_o the_o marquis_n of_o villenes_n have_v leave_v in_o write_v in_o his_o book_n upon_o the_o centiloqui_n of_o ptolemey_n to_o wit_n that_o there_o remain_v a_o black_a spot_n in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o this_o star_n appear_v which_o if_o so_o it_o will_v the_o more_o confirm_v what_o we_o have_v say_v that_o the_o star_n have_v spot_n just_a as_o the_o planet_n have_v the_o which_o make_v they_o disappear_v at_o such_o time_n as_o they_o turn_v from_o ward_n the_o earth_n nevertheless_o see_v the_o assertion_n of_o this_o marquis_n be_v not_o second_v by_o other_o author_n we_o will_v refer_v ourselves_o unto_o far_a experience_n it_o be_v doubtful_a if_o this_o same_o star_n will_v not_o come_v and_o appear_v again_o all_o we_o can_v conclude_v of_o this_o question_n be_v that_o if_o it_o be_v a_o real_a fix_a star_n it_o will_v not_o fail_v appear_v some_o other_o time_n but_o if_o it_o be_v only_o a_o cornet_n or_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o firmament_n itself_o or_o a_o little_a below_o it_o than_o it_o will_v never_o appear_v again_o fig._n 7._o the_o new_a star_n or_o comet_n in_o the_o constellation_n of_o cassiopea_n observe_v by_o tycho_n br_n sect_n xii_o of_o the_o star_n in_o the_o swan_n breast_n nine_o and_o twenty_o year_n after_o the_o apparition_n of_o the_o star_n in_o cassiopea_n viz._n in_o the_o year_n 1601._o there_o appear_v in_o the_o heaven_n a_o new_a star_n of_o the_o three_o magnitude_n in_o the_o swan_n breast_n which_o continue_v visible_a unto_o the_o year_n 1626._o and_o then_o total_o disappear_v kepler_n observe_v it_o very_o diligent_o after_o it_o have_v disappear_v and_o in_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o three_o year_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o year_n 1659._o mr._n hevelius_n at_o dantzick_n observe_v it_o to_o appear_v again_o in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o kepler_n first_o see_v it_o and_o of_o the_o same_o magnitude_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1660._o it_o seem_v plain_o to_o diminish_v and_o quite_o disappear_v soon_o after_o again_o in_o the_o year_n 1666._o mr._n hevelius_n see_v it_o reappear_a and_o it_o continue_v at_o present_a to_o be_v see_v but_o so_o small_a that_o it_o be_v but_o of_o the_o six_o or_o seven_o magnitude_n it_o be_v suppose_v that_o it_o be_v no_o less_o than_o fourteen_o year_n in_o finsh_fw-mi its_o revolution_n we_o have_v here_o represent_v in_o in_o tab._n 8._o of_o the_o star_n near_o the_o swan_n bill_n this_o star_n be_v first_o discover_v by_o dom._n adthelm_n chartreux_n of_o dijon_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o year_n 1671._o it_o appear_v unto_o he_o of_o the_o three_o magnitude_n it_o be_v not_o mention_v in_o any_o of_o the_o catalogue_n of_o star_n although_o a_o great_a many_o much_o more_o inconsiderable_a one_o be_v therein_o mention_v the_o same_o father_n and_o mr._n cassiny_n have_v observe_v it_o as_o well_o in_o its_o increase_n as_o in_o its_o decrease_n it_o have_v twice_o appear_v unto_o they_o in_o its_o great_a luster_n the_o first_o time_n the_o four_o of_o april_n and_o the_o second_o time_n the_o first_o of_o may_n it_o be_v about_o a_o month_n in_o its_o return_n to_o its_o first_o state_n sect_n xiii_o of_o the_o star_n in_o the_o whale_n neck_n this_o admirable_a star_n in_o the_o whale_n neck_n be_v of_o this_o sort_n also_o which_o appear_v sometime_o then_o hide_v themselves_o and_o then_o disappear_v again_o to_o appear_v at_o another_o time_n at_o first_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v but_o of_o the_o six_o magnitude_n than_o it_o increase_v by_o little_a and_o little_a for_o 120_o day_n together_o after_o which_o time_n it_o arrive_v at_o its_o full_a period_n and_o great_a brightness_n and_o eminency_n which_o be_v to_o be_v fig._n 9_o the_o new_a star_n in_o the_o whale_n neck_n discover_v by_o mr._n bovillau_n and_o cassini_n of_o the_o three_o magnitude_n wherein_o it_o continue_v fifteen_o day_n together_o than_o it_o decrease_v until_o it_o become_v invisible_a it_o do_v appear_v every_o year_n in_o this_o great_a brightness_n thirty_o two_o or_o thirty_o three_o day_n soon_o than_o the_o precedent_a year_n and_o complete_v its_o revolution_n in_o about_o three_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o three_o day_n mr._n bovilleau_n astronomer_n have_v very_o diligent_o observe_v it_o he_o think_v it_o move_v upon_o its_o own_o centre_n and_o axe_n and_o presuppose_v as_o we_o do_v that_o it_o be_v compose_v of_o two_o different_a part_n the_o great_a obscure_a and_o the_o less_o bright_a remain_v invisible_a when_o the_o obscure_a part_n be_v turn_v towards_o we_o and_o show_v itself_o when_o the_o bright_a part_n be_v towards_o we_o astronomer_n have_v judge_v that_o its_o motion_n be_v irregular_a and_o inscrutable_a nevertheless_o the_o say_a mr._n bovilleau_n have_v invent_v a_o very_a ingenuous_a hypothesis_n whereby_o he_o make_v its_o motion_n to_o be_v regular_a sect_n fourteen_o of_o the_o cloudy_a star_n of_o the_o girdle_n of_o andromeda_n father_n fabry_n and_o mr._n bovilleau_n abovesaid_a have_v take_v notice_n of_o this_o star_n it_o appear_v in_o the_o year_n 1612_o and_o 1613._o and_o then_o disappear_v until_o the_o year_n 1664._o that_o it_o appear_v again_o anew_o sect_n xv._o of_o the_o star_n betwixt_o eridanus_n and_o those_o of_o the_o hare_n mr._n cassiny_n have_v discover_v another_o new_a star_n situate_v betwixt_o eridanus_n and_o the_o hare_n the_o which_o also_o show_v itself_o and_o then_o withdraw_v itself_o as_o the_o other_o abovementioned_a and_o be_v in_o the_o passage_n whereby_o the_o comet_n in_o 1664._o go_v no_o body_n have_v speak_v of_o this_o star_n although_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o magnitude_n fig._n 10._o the_o cloudy_a star_n new_o discover_v in_o the_o girdle_n of_o andromeda_n diserrd_v by_o father_n fabri_fw-la and_z mr._n bovillau_n another_o new_a star_n betwixt_o cridanus_fw-la and_o the_o hare_n discover_v by_o mr._n cassini_n sect_n xvi_o of_o other_o star_n of_o which_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o they_o be_v new_a star_n

there_o be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o magnitude_n and_o two_o of_o the_o five_o in_o cassiopea_n which_o in_o all_o likelihood_n be_v new_a star_n for_o several_a astronomer_n have_v give_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o far_o lesser_a star_n of_o this_o constellation_n yet_o have_v make_v no_o mention_n of_o these_o three_o moreover_o there_o be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o and_o one_o of_o the_o five_o magnitude_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o constellation_n of_o eridanus_n of_o which_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o be_v not_o there_o in_o 1664._o because_o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n the_o comet_n of_o that_o year_n pass_v and_o the_o very_o small_a star_n be_v diligent_o observe_v whereas_o these_o which_o be_v far_o more_o considerable_a be_v not_o observe_v mr._n cassiny_n have_v also_o observe_v four_o star_n towards_o the_o arctic_a pole_n which_o be_v of_o the_o five_o and_o six_o magnitude_n which_o the_o astronomer_n which_o have_v their_o eye_n always_o fix_v on_o this_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n will_v not_o have_v omit_v to_o have_v insert_v in_o their_o catalogue_n if_o they_o have_v ever_o appear_v heretofore_o sect_n xvii_o of_o star_n which_o have_v appear_v heretofore_o and_o now_o disappear_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n there_o have_v seven_o star_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o pleyade_n the_o sacred_a text_n amos_n 8._o v._o 5._o seem_v to_o speak_v of_o this_o number_n and_o probable_o also_o revel_v 1._o and_o at_o present_a there_o be_v to_o be_v see_v but_o six_o a_o very_a probable_a sign_n that_o one_o of_o they_o be_v retire_v and_o become_v invisible_a after_o the_o manner_n of_o these_o abovemention_v one_o of_o these_o of_o the_o constellation_n of_o the_o little_a bear_n which_o be_v former_o visible_a do_v not_o now_o appear_v another_o also_o in_o the_o constellation_n of_o andromeda_n have_v also_o disappear_v that_o also_o in_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o chain_n of_o andromeda_n in_o like_a manner_n have_v disappear_v or_o at_o least_o be_v become_v so_o very_o small_a that_o it_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n impossible_a to_o discern_v it_o another_o which_o tycho_n b._n have_v insert_v in_o his_o catalogue_n for_o the_o twenty_o of_o pisces_fw-la have_v also_o disappear_v now_o some_o may_v imagine_v that_o the_o abovesaid_a star_n may_v become_v invisible_a for_o a_o certain_a time_n that_o the_o sky_n in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v be_v thick_a than_o ordinary_a but_o that_o be_v not_o it_o because_o when_o these_o star_n become_v invisible_a nevertheless_o the_o neighbour_a star_n although_o much_o small_a and_o as_o it_o be_v imperceptible_a yet_o be_v see_v and_o discover_v the_o new_a star_n abovemention_v which_o be_v in_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o last_o cornet_n disappear_v whilst_o other_o less_o star_n in_o the_o same_o passage_n continue_v constant_o to_o be_v see_v a_o abstract_n touch_v the_o distance_n bulk_n and_o orb_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n the_o best_a way_n of_o use_v instrument_n etc._n etc._n for_o satisfaction_n in_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o forego_n and_o like_a discovery_n out_o of_o the_o best_a astronomer_n ancient_a and_o modern_a sect_n i._o a_o brief_a method_n to_o satisfaction_n in_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o forego_n and_o all_o like_a discovery_n in_o order_n to_o make_v a_o true_a estimat_fw-la of_o the_o certainty_n or_o at_o least_o probability_n of_o the_o former_a discovery_n i_o know_v no_o better_a way_n than_o to_o consider_v first_o the_o distance_n of_o these_o heavenly_a body_n then_o their_o bulk_n and_o bigness_n next_o their_o sphere_n or_o the_o circumference_n of_o their_o orb_n and_o last_o the_o best_a mean_n and_o time_n of_o make_v use_n of_o such_o instrument_n by_o which_o exact_a discovery_n may_v be_v make_v all_o which_o we_o will_v set_v down_o according_a to_o the_o best_a and_o most_o usual_o receive_v account_n among_o the_o learned_a both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a with_o all_o possible_a perspicuity_n and_o brevity_n sect_n ii_o albategnius_n and_o alphraganus_n with_o other_o who_o have_v improve_v ptolemey_n doctrine_n and_o observation_n adjust_a the_o distance_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o star_n from_o we_o by_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n take_v that_o as_o the_o first_o and_o best_a common_a measure_n and_o the_o same_o measure_n have_v our_o modern_a astronomer_n take_v up_o from_o they_o or_o reason_n which_o may_v be_v touch_v hereafter_o now_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o can_v but_o think_v may_v be_v in_o a_o very_a tolerable_a sort_n compute_v and_o ascertain_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a improvement_n of_o navigation_n and_o the_o frequency_n of_o pass_v to_o and_o fro_o in_o a_o manner_n from_o pole_n to_o pole_n i_o mean_v within_o few_o degree_n of_o each_o and_o from_o the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n and_o back_o again_o etc._n etc._n now_o though_o there_o have_v be_v divers_a opinion_n of_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o it_o be_v now_o in_o a_o manner_n agree_v upon_o that_o it_o be_v of_o 20255_o italian_a mile_n and_o that_o the_o diameter_n thereof_o be_v 8354_o such_o mile_n therefore_o the_o half_a diameter_n or_o semidiameter_n must_v be_v 4177_o such_o mile_n note_v that_o the_o italian_a mile_n consist_v of_o 1000_o geometrical_a pass_n now_o a_o geometrical_a pass_n contain_v five_o foot_n and_o must_v not_o be_v confound_v as_o by_o some_o ignorant_a people_n it_o be_v with_o our_o common_a yard_n sect_n iii_o of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n from_o the_o earth_n the_o compass_n of_o her_o orb_n and_o bigness_n of_o her_o body_n according_a to_o those_o forementioned_a arabian_n the_o mean_a distance_n of_o the_o moon_n that_o be_v take_v she_o when_o she_o be_v neither_o far_a off_o from_o nor_o near_a to_o the_o earth_n but_o in_o a_o middle_a motion_n be_v forty_o nine_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v about_o 1103881_o italian_a mile_n this_o it_o be_v plain_a copernicus_n think_v too_o little_a and_o therefore_o go_v not_o about_o any_o particular_a calculation_n of_o her_o distance_n but_o only_o in_o general_n have_v tell_v the_o world_n he_o look_v upon_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o great_a orb_n to_o be_v so_o vast_a that_o the_o earth_n compare_v thereto_o be_v only_o as_o a_o point_n but_o tycho_n brahe_n have_v make_v strict_a observation_n and_o calculation_n affirm_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n from_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v 56½_n of_o the_o earth_n semidiameter_n and_o philippus_n lansbergius_n yet_o more_o namely_o of_o fifty_o nine_o semidiameter_n so_o that_o shall_v we_o compute_v at_o the_o low_a rate_n take_v ptolemey_n measure_n the_o compass_n of_o the_o moon_n orb_n must_v be_v upward_o of_o 6645348_o italian_a mile_n for_o its_o diameter_n make_v up_o of_o the_o moon_n distance_n from_o the_o earth_n twice_o take_v and_o of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v 2215116_o mile_n which_o multiply_v by_o three_o the_o round_a number_n to_o avoid_v fraction_n give_v the_o forementioned_a sum_n a_o vast_a orb_n indeed_o yet_o far_o the_o least_o of_o any_o of_o the_o planetary_a one_o now_o as_o to_o the_o bulk_n or_o bigness_n of_o the_o moon_n body_n it_o be_v estimate_v common_o by_o the_o proportion_n it_o bear_v to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n those_o that_o follow_v ptolomey_n account_v it_o thirty_o nine_o time_n less_o than_o the_o earth_n but_o copernicus_n tell_v we_o roundly_o it_o be_v about_o forty_o three_o time_n less_o lansbergius_n forty_o five_o time_n and_o a_o half_a and_o tycho_n brahe_n forty_o two_o utrum_fw-la horum_fw-la mavis_fw-la accipe_fw-la there_o be_v another_o measure_n which_o astronomer_n apply_v to_o heavenly_a body_n which_o they_o call_v a_o degree_n by_o that_o they_o mean_v a_o arch_n of_o a_o suppose_a circle_n in_o the_o heaven_n answerable_a to_o a_o line_n of_o 60_o mile_n on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o will_v be_v best_a understand_v by_o the_o follow_a figure_n let_v the_o small_a arch_n intercept_v between_o a_o and_o b_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v 60_o mile_n in_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o arch_n which_o answer_v it_o in_o a_o suppose_a and_o very_o far_o distant_a circle_n in_o the_o heaven_n will_v be_v the_o arch_n intercept_v betwixt_o c_o and_z d_o vast_o large_a yet_o bear_v a_o proportion_n to_o the_o lesser_a arch_n in_o the_o earth_n the_o arch_n then_o c._n d._n be_v a_o degree_n in_o the_o heaven_n as_o a._n b._n be_v a_o degree_n on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o these_o degree_n they_o ordinary_o subdivide_v into_o sixty_o part_n which_o they_o call_v minute_n or_o scruple_n and_o these_o again_o into_o second_o and_o three_o as_o they_o please_v thus_o measure_v the_o apparent_a diameter_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v esteem_v to_o be_v thirty_o three_o minute_n and_o one_o

three_o and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o moon_n sect_n iv_o of_o the_o distance_n of_o mercury_n and_o venus_n from_o the_o earth_n the_o compass_n of_o their_o orb_n and_o the_o bigness_n of_o their_o body_n after_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o moon_n all_o will_v be_v much_o plain_o touch_v both_o the_o other_o planet_n and_o fix_a star_n of_o which_o we_o will_v first_o consider_v mercury_n and_o venus_n who_o we_o thus_o put_v together_o because_o they_o also_o as_o the_o moon_n be_v common_o think_v less_o than_o the_o earth_n though_o far_o more_o distant_a than_o the_o moon_n mercury_n be_v by_o the_o ptolomaick_n think_v to_o be_v 115_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n distant_a from_o the_o earth_n but_o by_o tycho_n brahe_n 1150_o and_o by_o lansbergius_n 1500._o now_o if_o we_o will_v reckon_v according_a to_o ptolomey_n mercury_n will_v be_v 480355_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o earth_n whichnumber_n if_o we_o double_v and_o add_v thereto_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n viz._n 8354_o we_o have_v the_o diameter_n of_o his_o orb_n viz._n 969064_o miles_n which_o number_n if_o we_o treble_a we_o have_v near_o about_o the_o compass_n of_o his_o orb_n viz._n 2907192_o but_o if_o we_o take_v the_o other_o account_n it_o be_v vast_o big_a as_o to_o his_o body_n ptolomey_n suppose_v he_o 19000_o time_n less_o than_o the_o earth_n a_o prodigious_a mistake_n certain_o tycho_n brahe_n who_o be_v more_o herein_o to_o be_v credit_v only_o nineteen_o time_n less_o by_o which_o he_o shall_v be_v above_o as_o big_a again_o as_o the_o moon_n and_o lansbergius_n only_o twice_o less_o his_o apparent_a diameter_n be_v judge_v only_o of_o two_o minute_n or_o thereabouts_o but_o martinus_n hortensius_n a_o disciple_n of_o lansbergius_n make_v use_n of_o his_o telescope_n admit_v mercury_n body_n to_o be_v only_o nineteen_o second_o which_o computation_n may_v be_v among_o other_o a_o good_a reason_n for_o his_o be_v so_o seldom_o see_v venus_n come_v next_o by_o the_o ptolomaick_a system_n distant_a from_o the_o earth_n 618_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o tychonick_a 1150_o by_o lansbergius_n 1500._o now_o if_o we_o will_v reckon_v again_o according_a to_o the_o low_a rate_n which_o be_v that_o of_o ptolomey_n venus_n will_v be_v 2581386_o miles_n distant_a from_o the_o earth_n which_o number_n of_o we_o double_a and_o add_v thereto_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n viz._n 8354_o as_o above_o we_o have_v the_o diameter_n of_o her_o orb_n and_o that_o number_n if_o we_o treble_a as_o before_o we_o have_v near_o the_o compass_n of_o her_o orb_n viz._n 15513378_o which_o yet_o it_o be_v apparent_a other_o will_v make_v vast_o large_a as_o to_o the_o bulk_n of_o this_o glorious_a star_n ptotomey_n make_v it_o twenty_o eight_o time_n less_o than_o the_o earth_n tycho_n only_o six_o time_n less_o and_o lansbergius_n but_o three_o and_o a_o three_o part_n her_o apparent_a diameter_n according_a to_o the_o first_o be_v of_o three_o minute_n according_a to_o the_o second_o of_o three_o and_o a_o quarter_n but_o martinus_n hortinsius_n a_o disciple_n and_o assistant_n of_o lansbergius_n observe_v she_o by_o good_a telescope_n suppose_v her_o diameter_n only_o of_o fifty_o nine_o second_o sect_n v._o of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o earth_n the_o compass_n of_o her_o orb_n and_o bulk_n of_o his_o body_n the_o mean_a distance_n for_o of_o that_o all_o along_o we_o will_v be_v understand_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o earth_n the_o ptolomean_n reckon_v to_o be_v 1165_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o tychonians_n but_o 1150_o the_o samne_v as_o of_o venus_n and_o mercury_n lansbergius_n etc._n etc._n 1500._o as_o he_o also_o have_v judge_v of_o these_o two_o last_o planet_n whence_o if_o we_o shall_v compute_v at_o our_o former_a rate_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o earth_n about_o 4866205_o miles_n which_o number_n if_o as_o before_o we_o double_v and_o add_v thereto_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o have_v for_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o solar_a orb_n 9740764_o mile_n and_o that_o if_o we_o multiply_v by_o the_o round_a number_n of_o three_o to_o avoid_v fraction_n as_o before_o we_o have_v for_o the_o compass_n of_o that_o orb_n 29222292_o miles_n the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o the_o heavenly_a body_n be_v by_o the_o ptolomean_v judge_v to_o be_v 167_o time_n great_a than_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o sea_n yet_o do_v they_o reckon_v his_o apparent_a diameter_n only_o thirty_o one_o minute_n and_o one_o three_o that_o be_v just_a two_o minute_n less_o than_o the_o moon_n appear_v to_o we_o copernicus_n esteem_v it_o only_o 162_o time_n big_a than_o the_o earth_n but_o lansbergius_n 434._o and_o tycho_n brahe_n much_o less_o than_o either_o only_o 139_o time_n big_a than_o the_o earth_n and_o his_o apparent_a diameter_n of_o thirty_o one_o minute_n still_o less_o than_o the_o apparent_a diameter_n of_o the_o moon_n however_o his_o body_n in_o itself_o be_v so_o vast_o big_a sect_n vi_o of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o other_o planet_n from_o the_o earth_n the_o compass_n of_o their_o orb_n and_o bulk_n of_o body_n we_o will_v now_o cease_v to_o compute_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o planet_n by_o miles_n as_o be_v too_o small_a a_o measure_n and_o run_v figure_n to_o too_o great_a a_o length_n the_o method_n be_v open_a enough_o and_o any_o who_o have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o know_v the_o distance_n by_o miles_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v the_o industry_n also_o if_o they_o please_v to_o calculate_v it_o themselves_o mars_n mean_a distance_n from_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o ptolomey_n be_v four_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o eighty_o four_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n his_o apparent_a diameter_n of_o one_o minute_n and_o a_o half_a and_o his_o body_n once_o and_o a_o half_o big_a than_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o tycho_n he_o be_v only_o one_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o forty_o five_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n distant_a and_o his_o apparent_a diameter_n of_o one_o minute_n and_o three_o quarter_n and_o his_o body_n thirteen_o time_n less_o than_o the_o earth_n which_o last_o point_n of_o his_o opinion_n lansbergius_n favour_v so_o far_o as_o to_o allow_v he_o to_o be_v eight_o time_n less_o than_o the_o earth_n but_o distant_a from_o it_o two_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o five_o of_o its_o semidiameter_n now_o m._n hortensius_n run_v he_o so_o low_a as_o to_o reckon_v his_o body_n to_o be_v one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o four_o time_n less_o than_o the_o earth_n and_o his_o apparent_a diameter_n only_o of_o thirty_o six_o s._n and_o according_a to_o our_o former_a rate_n and_o method_n we_o shall_v have_v for_o the_o diameter_n of_o his_o orb_n nine_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o for_o the_o compass_n of_o his_o orb_n 27410_o of_o the_o same_o jupiter_n mean_a distance_n be_v according_a to_o ptolomey_n ten_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o three_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n his_o apparent_a diameter_n two_o minute_n and_o a_o half_a and_o his_o body_n eighty_o one_o time_n big_a than_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o tycho_n he_o be_v only_o three_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o and_o ninety_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n distant_a from_o it_o his_o apparent_a diameter_n much_o at_o the_o same_o rate_n as_o the_o ptolomean_n judge_v it_o but_o his_o body_n only_o fourteen_o time_n big_a than_o the_o earth_n lansbergius_n make_v he_o eight_o thousand_o and_o ninety_o one_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n distant_a from_o it_o his_o body_n but_o twenty_o five_o and_o two_o five_o part_v big_a than_o the_o earth_n hortensius_z but_o one_o and_o one_o four_o big_a and_o his_o apparent_a diameter_n only_o of_o fifty_o second_o and_o follow_v still_o our_o former_a computation_n upon_o ptolemey_n doctrine_n the_o proportion_n of_o his_o system_fw-la be_v a_o mean_a between_o the_o vast_a one_o which_o copernicus_n and_o the_o narrow_a which_o ty._n brahe_n introduce_v we_o shall_v have_v for_o the_o diameter_n of_o his_o orb_n twenty_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o and_o forty_o eight_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o for_o the_o compass_n or_o circumference_n thereof_o upward_o of_o sixty_o two_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o and_o forty_o four_o of_o the_o same_o saturn_n the_o high_a of_o the_o planet_n come_v last_v who_o ptolomey_n place_v fifteen_o thousand_o and_o eight_o hundred_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n distant_a from_o it_o tycho_n but_o ten_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o yet_o lansbergius_n allow_v the_o distance_n to_o be_v fourteen_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o of_o the_o earth_n semidiameter_n his_o