Hercules called of Diodorus alpe Abyle doth declare The cause which moued Ptolomaeus thus to do you shal finde in his Geographie Spoud And is ther the like difference betwixt Cosmographers Astronomers cōcerning the signification of the Latitude of à region as ther was in the Longitude Philo. No verely For they meane nothing els by the Latitude of à region but th' Arke or portion of the Meridiane circle conteined betwixt the Pole of the world the Horizont of the same region Spou. And is not this Latitude reconed frō th' Equinoctiall vnto either of the Poles Philo. It is as in like maner the Longitude from the West to th' East Spoud Yet Glarianus accōpteth the Latitude from the North to the South not from th' Equator towarde either of the Poles Philon. It is à small errour you your selfe are able to refute it But nowe will I shewe vnto you howe muche the circuite of th' Earth is then make mention of the Zones Spou. Sir neuer take it in hande for the comon people will iudge you madde seynge you neither haue gone about the viij parte of it neither yet for want of yeres you might acheue such an enterprise althoughe you had so long life giuen you as Nestor had because of the hougie Seas greate Riuers depe Lakes besides Wodes Rockes deserte places innumerable perils which I can not repete Philon. You haue trewly sayd if ther were none other way to atteine to it thē by traueling about it but it shal be sufficient to haue traueled any portiō of this great circuit For Ptolomaeus sheweth how to find out the Circuit of th' Earth by searching the distaunce of à great Circle cōprehended betwixt the vertical points of two or more places distaūt à sunder Spoud By what meane shall I finde out the vertical point Phi. It is equall to the Pole Arctike the finding of whiche hereafter I will teache you you maye vse th' one for th' other thē you also in like maner must know the distaunce in miles of these places after diuid the distaunce of the two places by the differēce of the two verticall pointes the quotiēt shall shew you howe manye miles do answere to one degree of the saide Circle in the Heauēs But or we further proced marke this figure in which C. is th' earth A. B. the distaunce of two placis in th' Earth D. E. the space of the greate Circle in Heauen betwixte the two verticall pointes Now diuiding the space A. B. by D. E. the quotiēt shal shew the nūber of miles As for exāple I take th' eleuatiō of the pole at Portsmouth whiche is the furdest place on the south shore of Englande finde it 51. degr 20. minutes in like sort at Barwike the furdest place North whose Latitud is 56. deg 50. mi. The differēce of these 2. eleuatiōs is 5. degrees 30. minutes Also the directe distaūce from Portsmouth to Barwicke is 330. miles Therefore diuiding the. 330. miles which is the portiō of th' Earth answering the differēce of these 2. Eleuatiōs by the 5. degrees 30. minutes which is the difference I find the quotient to be 60. Wherefore in all places in Englande 60. miles answer to one degre of any great Circle in the heauen Spoud Then I pray you retorne to your figure againe and conferre it with your example Philo. I wil so do First A. do represent Barwike B in like maner Portsmouth whose eleuations of the pole Arcticke is set ouer their heades The distance frō A. to B. 330. miles the portion of the heauen betwixte the ij eleuations is 5. degrees 30. minuts by which I did deuide the distance of th' Earth A. B. findinge the quotient 60. And in like sorte you may worke with anye other places in th' Earth Spoud This serueth well for to knowe what portion of th' Earthe in Englande answereth to th' Arke of anye greate Circle conteined betwixt the Zenit of two seuerall places But what is thys in respect of the Circuit compasse of the hole Earth Philo. Yet by this you are able to declare how manye miles answer to 30. degrees Spou. Yea verely and that easely Philo. And by the same ordre you may find that 21600. English miles answere vnto 360. degrees whyche is the compasse of the heauēs Spou. This is so euident that all men must nedes cōfesse it but it semeth very meruailus Ph. What say you then which is more if I make you presentlye to find how many barly cornes in thicknes wil go about the Horizont if thei might be placed equally Spo. It semeth impossible to be brought to passe by any mans deuise therfore you had best omit the worke Phi. You know how many barly cornes will extend the lēgth of an English mile Spo. Yes sir you said 253440. maketh a mile in length Phi. Thē if 253440. cornes make à mile shall not 5474304000. barly cornes answer to 21600 miles Spo. And is there any difference towchīg the cōpasse of th' earth Ph. Yes for Ptolo. saith 22500. mil. the circuit of th' earth Tibitius Alphraganus but. 20400. Eratosthenes 31250. Hipparchus 34625. Spo. And you differ frō thē all but wherof doth all this diuersitie spring Phi. Ether of the diuersitie of the measures or els that the places Latitudes wer not exactly knowē As Ptolom making example of Alexādria Rodia calleth Rodia 36. deg 50. mi Wher it is 38 degr 30. min. now behold the Figure And seyng you haue learned sufficiently what the Lōgitude Latitude Circuit or Compasse of th' Earth is it should seme very requisite to make playne relatiō which places of th' Earth are habitable which be not Spoud That thing is very expedient aswel for the conseruation as also reperation restoring a man vnto health lost For by that inuention the temperature of th'Aëre is easely founde out Phil. You haue well spoken therfore we wyll conuerte our talke vnto the zones Spou. It should seme first requisite to declare the nature of Paralleles for by the distinction of them as I remēber the Zones are founde out Philo. It is so but here note that there are Paralleles which diuideth the Longitude of Regions are called Paralleles of Longitude also Paralleles of Climates which in there place I will declare makinge here mention but of v. onely which haue principall vse in the distinctiō of zones As th'equinoctial the ij tropikes the circles Arcttike Antarctike And these deuide the face of th' Earth in fiue portiōs or partes are called zones in French bēdes we may aptly call thē equidistaunt places or Girdles Spou. And howe is th' Earth diuided into fiue Zones according to the v. parallele Circles Phi. I will shewe you after Parmenides mind vnto whō Possidonius as Strabo witnesseth ascribeth th'inuentiō First directly vnder th'equinoctial in the heauēs ther
to passe ouer waters where to walke through woodes and wher most aptly to remaine at night If al these were not as it serueth to infinite vses more then time will permit to repete yet this one were sufficiēt to kepe it in honor that by it in so small à lumpe or piece of clay beholding such strange formes of men beastes foules and fishes such diuersitie of times such burning hilles such merueilous stones metalles plants we are inforced to confesse th' omnipotency and wonderous worke of God This is it that prouoked Dioscorides to leaue cities townes trauail into deserts wods to serch the nature of herbes This caused Atlas Ptolomaeus Alfonce to be so diligēt in setting out the heauens course forme of this earthly mansion The vtilitye of this alured Orpheus Solon Democritus Pythagoras Eudoxus Plato Hipparchus Polybius Strabo an hundreth more of the auncient Philosophers to leaue their country frends acquaintāce not doubting perel of the seas dāgers of enemies losse of substāce werines of body or anguish of mind Yea the sweatnes therof was so great that Strabo after his trauails said that if any arte were requisite for à Philosopher it was Cosmographie And Homer called Vlisses the wi sest among the Graecians because he knew the natures of people and the diuersitie of nations Adding that his eloquence prudence fortitude constancye other like vertues mete for à man insued of hys perigrinations trauails which remaining at home he shuld neuer haue learned by any preceptes discipline or teacher But seing diuers in oure age are desirous of knowledge no lesse then the Philosophers were yet can not trauaile for the discorde of nations the sondrye sectes of people and diuers other impedimentes our refuge is to saye with Propertius Cogor et è Tabula pictos ediscere Mundos In Tables set out Countries to decerne Constrained am I and eke for to learne In which I had almoste through making ouer much hast forgotten to resight the benefits we receiue of Cosmographie in that she deliuereth vs from greate and continuall trauailes For in à pleasaunte house or warme study she sheweth vs the hole face of all th' Earthe withal the corners of the same And from this perigrination thy wife with sheadinge salte teares thy children with lamentations nor thy frendes with wordes shal dehort perswade the. In trauailing thou shalt not be molested with the inclemencye of th' Aere boysterous windes stormy shoures haile Ise snow Comming to thy lodginge thou shalt not haue à churlish vnknowne hoste which shall mynister meate twise sodden stinking fish or watered wine Going to rest thou shalt not feare lowsy beddes or filthy sheates In Somer the sōne with his fierye beames shall not vexe thee nor yet in winter stormye Saturnus shal make thy beard frosen In sayling thou shalt not dread Pirates feare Peries and greate windes or haue à sicke stomacke through vnholsome smelles Therfore these things considered who is not incoraged to acheue suche an interprice as shall redounde to his countries fame his perpetuall memorye what wise man dothe not delite to reade such thinges as Emperoures Kinges Princes haue painfully trauailed in esteming ther labours plentuouslye rewarded with the frute of this Art But least these my wordes should stirre vp the greadye appetides of diuers to this knowledge then to wante herein that mighte satisfie the same beholde I haue compiled this my Cosmographical glasse By which such as are delighted in trauailing as well by land as water shal receiue no small comfort If I be not deceiued th' other sort by it may also protract set out perticuler cardes for anye countrye Region or prouince or els th' vniuersall face of th' earth in à generall Mappe Firste if they describe Parallele circles in the Mappe answeringe to the like circles in the heauens by the right or croked Horizont th' equinoctiall polary circles and altitude of the pole to limite out the Zones Climates Paralleles of Longitude and Latitude which being once praepared you shall place there in the countries hilles fluddes seas fortresses Ilandes cities desertes such like according to the praecepts of th' art as are placed on the platte forme of th' earthe And that the praeceptes myghte seme the more facile plaine I haue reduced it into the forme of à Dialoge the names of the personages in dede fained but yet most aptly seruing our institutiō In which Spoudaeus repraesenting the Scho ler maketh doubtes asketh Questions obiecteth yea some tyme digresseth not from the fonde imaginations of the grosse witted Vnto which Philonicus supplying th' office of à teacher answereth to to all th'obiections giueth praeceptes VVhat diligēce I haue giuen in time of the Printing to the correction herof and also in diuisinge sundry newe Tables Pictures demonstrations praeceptes that you may easely iudge by readyng the same worke Also what charges the Printer hath susteined that his good will might not be wanting that shal be euident conferryng his beautiful Pictures letters with suche workes as herto hath bene published And thus I leaue the with my Cosmographicall Glasse requiryng that these my trauayles labours be not rewarded with ingratitude or ill reporte And if for the difficultie of the worke any errour escape remember I am the firste that euer in oure tongue haue written of this argument therfore am constrained to finde out the pathe whiche if it be not at this time made plaine smothe pleasaunt if God graūt life leisure I trust so to treade it againe that both night and day walking in the same thou shalt not misse of the desired Port. Againe fare well fauoure me as I wishe thy furderaunce in knowledge At Norwich the xviij of Iuly 1559. THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE Cosmographicall Glasse conteinyng the necessary Principles required in this Art and therfore is an Isagoge or Introduction vnto the hole worke The Interloquutors ▪ Philonicus Spoudaeus Spoudaeus LATELY CALlyng to my remembraunce the Race that euery mā in this his trāsitory life haue to runne and that faultes committed in this course for want of time can scarslye with great difficultie labour and diligence any thing be amended I was of force compelled to confesse those most happy whiche vse this time being so great a treasure as repentaunce maye take no place And on the other part those most miserable mē yea rather Images and pictures of men then very men in dede whiche imploy their busy cure care in stealing Idlenes vayn pastimes long sleapes dronkennes lasciuious toying swe ring scraping and gatheryng of Plutos corne together as though they had more time then myght be well spent in the exaltyng of Uertue supplāting of Uyce and profiting their Countrie Frindes and Consanguinitie In time past folowing only nature as Ruler and guide men did more earnestly and as it weare with an insatiate mynde seke Uertu for
9 His erroure in the placing of the luminares eodem A poynt what 55 Poynt vertical what 60 Pole of the Horizont 21. 60 Poles eleuation how to finde oute 91 92. 93. 94. 95. Polybius erroure touchinge the numbre of Zones 65 Pontus and her chiefe places 191 Porto sancto an Iland 188 Prasia 196 Printing first found where 181 Ptolomaeus 2 He first found out the. 9. heauen 12 His rule seruing to the obseruing of altitudes 88 He excused 118. 169 Pygmeans country 191 Physick who first found it oute 2 Pythagoras error touching vacuum 9 Pythia 184 Q QVadrate an instrumente of Nauigation 162 Qualitie of windes 158. 159 Quantitie of measures used in demensiō 56 Quiola 187 R REd seas 143. 194 Region elementary 40 The heauenly Regiō cōtein x. spheres 10 Regions gouerned of the signes and Planets 134 Regions Longitude how to find it out 103 Vnto 108 Regions Latitude how to find out 91 Vnto 95 Reward of learning in old time 111 Rome 182 Rio de grande 202 Rio. S. Iacobi eodem Rio de S. Lucia eodem Riqua the greater eodem Riqua the lesser eodem S SAmaria 194 Sardinia with her Cities and Townes eodem Sheubelius Algeber 5 Scotland and her description 174. 175 Scotora 198 Scythia without the hill Imaus 195 Seas and her diuision 143 Sepulcher of Mahomet 194 Shipmans Neadle whan it erre to correcte it 161 Shipmans compasse vnknowne to the olde Hydrographers 160 Shippe out of her course howe to come in it againe 166 Shadowes and ther diuersitie 69. 70 A Table of Shadowes 72 Sicilia an Iland with her chiefe places 176 Sidon 193 A signe what 25 Signes Meridionall 26 Signes Septentrionall eodem Sinus what 143 Smyrna 191 Snow ingendred where 42 Sogdiana 195 Somer Tropicke 33 Sonnes sphere in what order placed 11 Errours touchinge the same eodem The Sonne haue ij declinations 28. 93 A Table of his declination 31. 32 Whan he is in the tropick poyntes or Equinoctiall 53 Sonnes rising and settinge throughe all the yeare 148 South India 198 South Pole and his configuration 166 South windes hote and the cause 158 Sparades Ilandei 177 Spagnolla 202 Spaine and her description 177 Sphere what 14 Diuided in two partes 16 Shere haue x. Circles 18 Spoudaeus what it do the signifie 3 Spring tides 145 Strausborough 181 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 what and wherof so called 56 Stagnum what 144 Sulphur where great plenty 175 Syria and her Cities 193 T TAble of fixed sterres 27 Table of the sonnes declination 31 Table of shadowes 72 Table of Climates 78. 79 Table for tourninge houres of the daye into degr min. of th' equinoctiall 104 Tabrobana 198 Terestriall globe 114 Theodosius 5 Thinges sene longer in mìnde then onlye harde 7 S. Thomas Iland 187 Tides both spring and ebbe 143 Ther cause 146 Time the greatest treasure 1 The frutes of time well spent 2 Time bring all thinges to perfection 3 Times of the yeare where they take theyr beginning 35 Time tedious 142 Times of ebbing and flowing 151 Tingitana mauritania 185 Trallis 191 Tropicke circles 33 Somer tropicke what eodem Winter Tropicke 34 Tyrus 193 V Venemous beastes and wormes not in Ireland 172 Africke abound therewith 184 Vertical poynt what 21. 60 Vesandrea 198 W Winter tropicke what 34 Windes what 153 And ther numbre 153. 154 Windes tēperat vnder th' equinoctial 159 World what it is 9 The world earth not oue thing eodem The world made of ij cartes 9 Z Zenit what 21. 60 Zodiacke what 22 Zodiakes vse 26 Zone what 63 Ther numbre 64 Ther qualities 66. 67. That they are all habitable 67. 68 Zones deuided into climats paralleles 73 FINIS Faultes escaped in the Imprinting Fol. 2. the vi lyne Ingens reade Engeins Fol. 25. th' eightene lyne goeth ouerthwart them read goeth ouerthwart the Sphere Fol. 69. the xxi lyne Zolstitii reade Solstitii Fol. 121. the last lyne whose compasse read whose compositiō is in this wise Describe a Circle with your compasse Fol. 189. the ii columbe the last lyne it exten reade it extendeth ¶ AN EXTRACTE OF THE QVENES highnes gracious Priuiledge Licence ELIZABETH by the grace of God Quene of Englande Fraunce and Irelande defendour of the faith c. To all maner of Printers Booke sellers and other our Officers Ministers and subiectes greatyng VVe do you to vnderstand that of our grace especiall we haue graunted geuen priuiledge and licence And by these presentes for vs our heyres and successors do graunt and gyue Priuiledge and Lycence vnto our welbeloued subiect Iohn Day of the citie of London Printer and Stationer and to his assignes for the terme of his life to Imprint or cause to be Imprinted as well the Cosmographicall Glasse compiled by VVilliam Cuningham Doctor in Physicke as also durynge the tyme of vij yeares all suche Bookes and workes as he hath Imprinted or herafter shall Imprint being diuised compiled or set out by any learned man at the procurement costes charge only of the said Iohn Day Straitly forbiddyng and commaunding by these presentes all and singuler our subiectes as well Printers Bookesellers as all other persons within our Realmes Dominions what so euer they be in any maner of wise to Imprint or cause to be Imprinted any of the aforesaid Bookes that the said Iohn Day shall by authoritie of this our licence imprint or cause to be imprinted or any part of them But onely the said Iohn Day and his assignes vpon payne of our hyghe indignation And that euery offendor therin shall forfaite to our vse fourtie shillinges of lawfull money of Englande for euery such Book or Bookes at any time so Printed contrary to the true meanyng of this oure present Licence and Priuiledge Ouer and besides all suche Booke or Bookes so Printed to be forfayted to whom so euer shall sustayne the charges sue the sayd forfaiture in our behalfe c. Geuen at our Palice of VVestminster the xxviii day of October the firste yeare of our Reigne ¶ Imprinted at London by Iohn Day dwellyng ouer Aldersgate beneath Saint Martins 1559. Men happiest Time the grea test treasure Men most infortunate Why men in our age ar not so learned as thei wer in old tyme. The frute sprī ging of well spent tyme. What Spoudaeus signifieth The interpretation of Philonicus The olde wryters excused Arithmetick and Geometry necessary for this art Orontius Scheubelius Euclide Theodosius What Cosmographie is Lib. 1. cap. 1. What Geographie is The diference of Cosmographie and Geographie What Chorographie is and howe it difereth from the other two Thinges seene are lenger in mynde then only harde Cosmographie excelleth Geographie and Chorographie The argumēt of the whole worke Lib. primo in initio What the Worlde is Aristotle The Worlde and the earth not one thing Pythagoras error Plato Aristotle The Worlde made of two partes The number of the heauens An obiection Ptolomaeus Alphraganus Tebitius Archimedes Lib. 2.
Cancer in whiche place he is the. 12. daye of Iune causing in our region the lōgest day in the yere imediatly the time semed as it were midnight Charles Wayne with Bootes diuers other sterres turned about the Pole But as he wold haue caried me about the heauēs to haue shewid me the North Crowne stronge Hercules Cassiopeia th' Egle the flieng Horse mightie Orion the two Dogges the famous great shippe Argo c. Mercury the messenger of the Godes came to my bedde side saide Aurora did appeare Phebus with his goldē beames was entred his chariot minding to finishe his diurnall Arcke so that it was à reproche for me any lōger to play the sluggard declaringe more ouer that Philonicus was in the fildes And surely I suppose no lesse but I shall not from him be longe absent I am iustly reprehended of Mercury because the time that is cōsumed with slepe more then nature requireth is all lost for ther spring no profit therof but sicknes disquietnes both of body minde But what is he that calleth Spoudaeus beckneth with his hand It is Philonicus I will make spede to mete him Philon. God saue you Spoudaeus Spoud And you also moste hertilie I require the Gods you know th' occasiō I trust of my resorting into this place Philo. For to be further instructed in the knowledge of Cosmographie Spoud It is verely my desire specially to know the Longitude Latitude circuit of th' Earth and of the diuisiō of it into Climates to know the meanyng of Zones paralleles to finde out the Meridiane line the longitude latitude of any place because they haue à singular vse in this Arte. Philo. You haue repeted matter ynough to cōsume this day in I wyll if tyme permitte willingly satisfie your request But seynge this thinge doeth depende chiefly of dimention measuringe it is requisite to knowe that first yea the principall partes of it Spou. Dimention is no other thing then à lōgitude knowen practised by which we maye in like maner measure th'vnknowē distaunce of places by the same experience Philo. Trew it is And there are thre thinges only which may be measured For either it is à line as Longitude or els à Plat forme as Latitude or last à body as thicknes or profunditie Spoud Glarianus hath the like saying Campanus sheweth wherof these three do spring in this maner A point saith he is that which haue no partes yet by the mouyng of it à lyne is described And a lyne moued because it hath length beynge voide of breadth depenes cā but describe a plat forme This plat forme is both a rounde plat forme also a flatte as in these figures And a plat forme moued because it hathe lēgth breadth describeth a Body hauing both length breadth depenes Philo. A rounde plat forme A plaine plat forme A Barly corne is the least mea sure yet from it do all other mea sures procede as A Finger breadth An Vnche A Hande breadth A Spanne A Fote A Geomtricall Pase An Englishe Pearche A Furlonge An Englishe Furlonge A Leque An Italian mile A comon Germaine mile An Englishe mile Conteyninge in it 4 Barly cornes in thicknes 3 Fingers 4 Fingers 3 Hande breadth 4 Hande breadth 5 Fiue fote 16 Fote a halfe 125 Pase 660 Fote or 132. Pase 1500 Pase 1000 pase or 8. furlōgs 32 Furlonges 8 Furlonges There is also diuersitie what a Furlong should conteine in length it should appeare that Ptolomaeus Strabo Plinius do not agree herin Spou. What call you this worde Furlong Philon. That which the Grecians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Plinie name it stadium 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That is à statione And it is vsurped for a place where men exercise ther horse ronnyng a rase which length Plinie determineth to be 125. pases or 625. fote by which reason 8. of these furlonges do make an Italian or Englishe mile which beyng multiplied by 4. makes 32. furlonges the length of a comon Germanie mile I call it à common Germaine mile for that in Heluetia not obseruing any true distāce in theyr iorneis they vse 40. or 50. furlōges for a mile Spou. Those are Robin Hodes miles as the prouerbe is Phi. There is also a diuers order in measure obserued as th' Aegiptians by signes the Gretians by furlonges the Spaniardes French men by leques the Italiās Germaines Englishmen by miles which I thought mete to declare more for that it may further you in reading theyr workes then that I entende to introduce in place any of ther waies but wil vse only th' English mile writing to Englishe men the quantitie wherof as I said is 8. furlonges euery furlonge conteining 132. pases euery pase 5. fote euery fote 4. handbreadthes euery hand breadth 4. fingers in thicknes euery finger 4. Barly cornes rounde dried So that an Englishe mile conteineth in length 253440. Barly cornes as by the rules of Arithmetike is manifest plaine Spoud This semeth very straunge yea rather incredible yet surely to be trew I am assured Philon. You shall vnderstande matters both more straunge pleasaunt then this which is founde out by th' infalible rules of Arithmetik Geometrie now procede we to our purpose beginning with this word Lōgitude Spoud I take it for no other thinge then the distaunce of à Starre or part of à signe from the beginning of Aries the first signe in the Zodiake As the Virgines spike in the xvij degree xlij minutes of Libra is vj. signes xvij degrees xlij minu or 197. degrees xlij minu from the head of Aries Philo. That signification of Lōgitude is vsed among th' Astronomers but in Cosmographie it is otherwise For they call the Longitude of any Region the portion of th' Equinoctiall Circle which is included betwixte the Canarian Ilandes in the West beyng the first degre of Longitude the Meridiane of the Regiō that thou wilt describe Such portiō of th' Equinoctiall in the middes of Englande from the fornamed Ilandes is about xxij degrees Spoud Then in describinge the face of th' Earth Cosmographers do place the first degre of Lōgitude in the West fortunate Ilandes so proced thorow the whole face of the same vntill they come to that place agayne Philo. It is so as you say So that the myddes of th' Earth is 180. degrees from the West Such are th' East Indians 360. is the furdest that one can be from the West Spou. But could not the degrees of Longitude be accompted from some other parte of th' Earth as well as from th' Iandes afore said Philo. Yes verely but Ptolomaeus the restorer of this Art placed the first degree of Longitude in them as the furdest point of the confines boundes of Afrike Europe as the famous excellent pillers of
is also in the mides of th' earth an Equino imagined vnder the tropick in the heauē two tropike Circles in th' Earth and finallye vnder the two polary circles in the Heauen two circles in th' Earth answering in like proportiō so that th' Earth is parted in v. equall portiōs which are called zones as this Figure doeth manifestly set out Spoud Do you not in this Figure call euery portion betwixt two paralleles à zone Phil. Yes verely as the space betwixt the tropike of Cacer Capricorn in Graeke is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with vs the burning zone because the sonne goeth ouer th' inhabitauntes heades cōtinually Also betwixt the tropicke of Cancer the Circle Arctike 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the temperate zone And the portiō betwixt the circle Arctick the north Pole 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 we call it Frosen In lyke maner with th' other two zones southe from th' Equinoctiall the temperate south zone is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the frosen zone 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Spou. Yet by my computation your table sheweth sexe zones Two frosen zones two temperate and two burninge zones for the space betwixte the two Tropicke Paralleles is deuided equally of th' Equinoctiall Phi. You are in the same error that Polybius was as testifieth Strabo but Proclus hereto do aptly answer where he speke of zones and I will repeate his wordes of this burning zone only omitting the rest whereby it shal be euident vnto you that there are not two but one burning zone his wordes are these 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Reliqua quae inter memoratas quatuor medium locū tenet quod sub ipso Solistransitu iacet torrida nuncupatur à terestri equatore in duas partes diuisa Th' other zone saith Proclus which is in the mids of the. iiij aforesaid because it lieth vnder the course of the sonne is called burning and is deuided of th' earthly Aequinoctiall in two equall portions Spoud But what compelled Proclus to saye that it is but one zone Seinge it is deuided in two by the aforesaide earthlye Aequinoctiall I wil tel you because ther is no alteratiō of the quality tēperature of the heauēs betwixt the space and distance of the. ij Tropikes but continuallye hote al the yere by resō of the sōnes iornay in the zodiake as in the figure you may se therfore not only Proclus but also Plato Aristotle Strabo Ouide ād Uirgil yea al authors do make their accōpt but of v. zones Spo. It shuld seme that this burning zone for the feruēt heat the. ij frosen zones so far distant from the sōnes course shuld not be habitable as Ouide doth right excellently in these verses set out Vtque duae dextra coelum totidemque sinistra Parte secant zonae quinta est ardentior illis Sic onus inclusum numero distinxit eodem Cura dei totidemque plagae tellere praemuntur Quarum quae media est non est habitabilis aestu Nix tegit alta duas totidem inter vtrasque locauit Temperiemque dedit mista cum frigore flamma Like as the Zones into v. partes do right the Heauens diuide Euen so for th' Earth à nūbre like nature did well prouide The middest of thē all men eschew the burning is so fell In the zones next the Poles through could no creature long maye dwell Bitwixt these the burning Zone two other se you may For tempratnes replenished with liuinge thinges alway Philo. Well bycause I will not haue you to erre with Poëtes other that suppose these not habitable I will take the more diligence to driue this Heresie out of your heade althoughe Ptolomaeus Auicenna were of sufficient authoritie to make you credit this thing affirminge that they haue sene men whiche did inhabite betwixt th' Equinoctiall the tropike of Cancer yea that ther ar many notable Cities Villages yet I wil vse other reasons then testimonies in this behalfe And first answer me Is not the heate of the Sōne cause that in the Sūmer ceason he inclining toward our habitatiō that mens colour in ther faces hādes are made blacker then naturally they are Spoud Yes verely I haue sene some dwellers in litle Vilages as Plowmen Heardmen Shepehards maruelously sonneburnt Philon. What wil you cōiecture then of those people that are blacke face body all externe partes of them doeth it not come of the heate of the Sōne Spoud It muste nedes so be and I haue sene men of that colour we call them Aethiopians Philo. Very well do not you beleue that the countrey where they dwell must of force be vnder the beames of the Sōne Spou. Els it could not folow that ther colour should so much differ frō ours Philon. And there is no place vnder the perpendiculer Sōne beames but only this burning Zone Ara bia sumwhat frō the Sōne beames situated is the cause that th' inhabitauntes are not so blacke as the Aethiopians nor the Spaniardes as th' Arabians or Frēchmē as the Spaniardes Spoud And the Germaynes haue their skinne whiter then the Frenchemen we here in Englande then all these so that the furder from this burninge Zone the whiter the skie and the nerer th' Equinoctiall the blacker more adust burnt Philo. Moreouer the Nauigatiō to Calicute of which voiage Vesputius Columbus were the first authors nowe more frequented of the spanierdes then sayling into coūtreis nie adiacēt to vs do witnes beare that vnder this burning Zone there are inhabitaūtes Spou. by these wordes it is manifest that the burning Zone is not habitable onely but also inhabited And as touchinge the temperate Zones no man is so folishe or madde as to denie them to be replenished with all liuing creatures abūdantly wherfore if you can proue that the two Zones next the Poles are also habitable you shall as farre banish this errour frō me as the Sōne doth darkenes Philoni Although Ptolomaeus do not describe any parallele beyonde Thylim whiche is two degr more of this side of the Circle Arctike And that for the situatiō of it farre distant from the beames of the sonne and therfore the Waters cōtinually frosen and th' Earth with Snow couered Yet Erasmus Reignholt and that truley describeth a Parallele by Hielso an Ilād in Norway which is 9. degrees beyonde the polary or Arctike circle Also the grene lande and in diuers countreis there inhabited and the inhabitants are called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Periscij and we may call them aptly inhabitantes which haue there shadowe daily declininge vnto all partes of the Horizont Spo. Then I perceiue that both the burning zone also the frosen are habitable and not that only but also inhabited although not so plentifullye as the temperate zone But nowe sence ther is offered good occasion to intreat of shadowes and
â—…5 36 48 85 41 294 15 11 308 40 11 13 16 11 39 41 12 56 40 28 56 38 15 88 57 322 57 12 282 16 12 12 10 12 45 42 45 57 38 57 57 39 45 92 23 357 35 13 259 53 13 11 5 13 51 44 21 58 37 29 58 41 16 96 1 400 16 14 240 38 14 10 0 14 57 46 0 59 36 3 59 42 50 99 51 454 12 15 223 55 15 8 56 16 4 47 41 60 34 38 60 44 26 103 54 524 34 16 209 14 16 7 52 17 12 49 24 61 33 15 61 46 5 108 14 620 17 17 196 15 17 6 48 18 20 51 11 62 31 54 62 47 46 112 50 758 8 18 184 39 18 5 45 19 29 53 2 63 30 34 63 49 30 117 45 974 1 19 174 15 19 4 42 20 39 54 56 64 29 15 64 51 17 123 0 1360 36 20 164 50 20 3 38 21 50 56 53 65 27 58 65 53 8 128 39 2253 44 21 156 18 21 2 35 23 2 58 54 66 26 43 66 55 1 134 45 6547 56 22 148 30 22 1 32 24 14 61 0 67 25 28 67 56 59 141 21 Infinite 23 141 21 23 0 29 25 28 63 10 68 24 14 68 59 1 148 30 numbre 24 134 45 24 0 33 26 43 65 25 69 23 2 69 61 6 156 18  25 128 39 25 1 36 27 58 67 45 70 21 50 70 63 17 164 50  26 123 0 26 2 38 29 15 70 11 71 20 39 71 65 32 174 15  27 117 45 27 3 41 30 34 72 43 72 19 29 72 67 52 184 39  28 112 50 28 4 44 31 54 75 21 73 18 20 73 70 18 196 15  29 118 14 29 5 48 33 15 78 7 74 17 12 74 72 51 209 14  30 113 54 30 6 52 34 38 81 0 75 16 4 75 75 29 223 55  31 99 51 31 7 56 36 3 84 2 76 14 57 76 78 15 240 38  32 96 1 32 9 0 37 20 87 13 77 13 51 77 81 9 259 53  33 92 23 33 10 4 38 57 90 34 78 12 45 78 84 11 282 16  34 88 57 34 11 8 40 28 94 5 79 11 39 79 87 23 308 40  35 85 41 35 12 14 42 1 97 49 80 10 34 80 90 44 340 16  36 82 34 36 13 19 43 35 101 45 81 9 30 81 94 16 378 49  37 79 37 37 14 25 45 12 105 56 82 8 26 82 98 0 426 55  38 76 48 38 15 32 46 52 110 23 83 7 22 83 101 58 488 39  39 74 5 39 16 40 48 35 115 8 84 6 18 84 106 9 570 51  40 71 30 40 17 48 50 20 120 11 85 5 15 85 110 37 685 48  41 69 1 41 18 57 52 9 125 39 86 4 11 86 115 23 858 2  42 66 38 42 20 6 54 1 131 30 87 3 8 87 120 28 1144 52  43 64 28 43 21 16 55 57 137 49 88 2 5 88 125 56 1718 10  44 62 8 44 22 27 57 56 144 40 89 1 3 89 131 48 3437 24  45 60 0 45 23 39 60 0 152 7 90 0 0 0 138 9 Infinite  Ther may many coÌ„clusions by this table be wrought as you shal know or we depart but now let vs furder proced coÌ„cerninge our talke of zones in which you must coÌ„sider that these zones of which we haue intreated ar deuided into climates regions Spo. How doth à climatand à zone differ they both wer for this cause first inuented to make diuision of the face of th' earth into soÌ„dry parts Philo. I confesse no lesse but they differ in this poynt that à Zone doth in it coÌ„tain the fift portioÌ„ of th' earth and à climate but only so much of th' earth the loÌ„gest day in that place do differ from th' equinoctial xxx minutes or half an hour and are named vii in numbre of all th' auncient Geographers Spoud Then the first climate shal be in latitude xvi degrees xliiij minutes from th' equinoctiall and the loÌ„gest day shall excede xij houres whiche is the quantitie of the daye vnder th' equinoctiall one houre for so saithe Ptolomaeus Philon. It is true but heare you muste consider that Ptolomaeus deuideth euery climate in iiij equall portions nameth them Paralleles euery one of them coÌ„teining in latitude iiij degrees xviij min. incresing the quantity of the longest day xv minutes so that Ptolomaeus making the first climate xvi degrees xliiij min. in Latitude from th' equinoctiall meaneth the middes and not the beginning of the climate Spou. I praye you or we anye further proceade shewe me the signification of a Parallele Philo. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greke whiche we also do call à Parallele is à Circle equally distaunt from that which is drawne next him and are described by the course of the sonne and starres of which the greatest is th' equinoctial for that he is furdest froÌ„ the Poles so that the nerer the poles the lesse is the parallele and the number of them Ptolomaeus maketh xxj as in this figure in which I haue made xxj paralleles froÌ„ th' equinoctiall vnto both the poles Arctike Antarctike and now to our matter againe from whence we did digresse You shall consider that euerye Climate hathe à proper name for the suerer difference of one from an other taketh his name of some notable Citye Mountaine or Riuer ouer which the mids of that Climate is drawn As for example The middes of the firste Climate goeth ouer a notable Ilande of Nilus called Meroë of that we name it Dia Meroes that is the climat going ouer Meroë The seconde Climat is called Dia Syënes of a citye in Egipt called Syënes The middes of the thirde climate is drawen ouer Alexandria an other Citye also in Egipt therfore called Dialexandrias The fourth goth ouer th' Iland of the Rodes now in subiection to the great Turke and is named Diarhodou The fift climate Dia Romes going ouer Rome somtime the head of the world at this preset the sinck of sin The sixte Climate is named Dia Pontou because it goeth ouer the Pontike seas named Euxinus The seuenth is draweÌ„ by Boristhenes a Citye so called therefore named Diaboristheneos not by the Riâ—…hean Mountanes as the vnlerned sort suppose seing that they ar at the lest x. deg froÌ„ this climate distaunte Spou. And what was the cause that they described no places beyoÌ„d the. 7. climate seing that ther are many inhabitaÌ„ts as by your words do appeare wher you made mention of the habitable places in th' earth Philo. It was ether because they supposed those places scaÌ„t or with muche paines habitable for th' extreme cold or els that they knew not the parts North froÌ„ theÌ„ situated as now we do Spou. And do they not make mention of
necessary for thē which either sayle or trauell Spou. But you do then obserue the distaunce of the places in miles Phil. No verely for if I were caried by lande into places vnknowē blindfilded as they terme it or by the violence of troublesome wether on the sea driuen from my course I can declare how many miles I am from my countrey how many leaques from my proper course Spoud Then surely it must haue in it muche difficultie seyng that there springeth of it so muche vtilitie and profite Philo. The waye is very facile without great laboure I will no lenger make you muse theron You shall prepare à parfait clocke artificially made such as are brought from Flaūders we haue thē as excellently without Temple barre made of our countrymen Spoud Do you not meane such as we vse to weare in the facion of à Tablet Phi. Yea truely when as you trauell you shall set the nedle of youre Diall exactlye on the hour found out by the sonne on the daye by some starre in the night thē traueling withoute intermission whan as you haue traueled .xx. yea .xl. miles or more if your next place whose longitude you desire be so far distant then marke in your Diall the houre that it sheweth after with an Astrolabe or Quadrant finde out the hour of the day in that place if it agre with the same which your clock sheweth be assured your place is north or South frō the place you came from therfore haue the same lōgitude meridiā line But the time dif fer subtract th' one out of th' other the differēce turn into degrees minut of th'equinoctiall as before then adde or subtract as in th' other .ij. precepts going before But now behold the skie is ouer cast with cloudes wherfore let vs haste to our lodgings ende our talke for this presente Spoud With a righte good will THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE Cosmographicall Glasse in which is vttered the making and protracture of the Face of th' Earth both in Cartes Perticuler and also vniuersall with diuers necessarye thinges incidente hereto Philonicus SEINGE THAT in oure laste daies talke it was made euidente vnto you what the Longitude Latitude Circuite of th' Earth was how you also might find the same by diuers sondrye waies moreouer the deuision of th' Earth into zones by the helpe of Paralleles it shuld seme nowe conueniente to shewe you the cause wherefore all these are learned to what finall end they are desired Therfore leaste you shulde be lefte destitute of the principal tresure of Cosmography that is to delineat protract or set forth the platforme of th' vniuersall face of th' earth or els perticulerli any one portiō of the same I will this day also do my endeuor to shewe you the waye how to attain hereunto Spo. Wold to god that fortune had vnto me geuē of her tresure that I might sōwhat al though not recōpēce yet shew forth my good wil for this your great pains trauell For in dede siluer gold is to base to recōpence knowledge with that did the famous kinges princes in th' old time well perpende Whan they did not only geue th'inuentors of any new Science Art or profitable thing for à publike weale aboundaunce of treasure but also for perpetuall memorye made an Image to represente suche à persone and called him à God for his inuention So was Neptunus called God of the seas for that he founde the Arte of sayling Aeolus the God of windes because he inuented the true vse of them Ceres à Goddesse for finedinge out tillage But what make I discourse in these thinges to you whiche knowe them muche better then I. Ph. Heare by I gather your good will to th'aduancemente of learning But it is not treasure which at youre handes I craue but only that you shew your selfe enemy vnto ignoraunce thorowe your industrious labour both in profitinge your selfe also your natiue country But or we procede further in thys oure busynesse I wyll brieflye open vnto you certaine names whiche we vse in Geographie with th'interpretation of the same and histories with Poëtes abound also with them And firste you muste consider that th'Earthe beinge inuironed compassed aboute with the greate Ocian seas semeth as it were an Ilande after Strabo his minde notwithstandinge there is à greate difference betwixt an Iland and th'Earthe for an Ilande is a portion of th'Earthe seperated from the hole by waters whiche do circuite it on euerye side so that you can not iourney by lande either from Europe Asia or Afrike vnto your coūtry but muste vse herein Nauigation Spoud Unto your description do agree America Sicilia Iaua the Rodes Candie Delos Therasia and England in which we inhabite Philon. It it true now you shall furder note that the seas deuide th' Earth 4. sundry waies for either it is an Iland or little differing there from and therfore called Peninsula or Isthmus or Continēs Spoud So that Peninsula differeth from an Ilande because in some parte it is ioyned to à greater portion of th' Earth wythoute seperation as Tauricà Thrasia Cherronesus also Cymbrica Aurea in India Philo. Isthmus doeth differ from them bothe signifieth à portion of th'Earthe hauynge of eyther sydes the raginge Seas suche are founde agreable to this description properly Corinthiacus and Thrasius Spou. But howe doeth Continens differ from these three Ph. I will shew you it is à portiō of th' Earth which is not parted by the Seas à sounder but is continually in length so that you may go from one parte vnto another without nauigation as Saxonie Bohemie Sueuelande c. Spod By these I gather there is no portion of th' Earth but it is either an Ilande or that whiche you call Peninsula Isthmus or Continens Philon. No verely but nowe beholde the figure Yet ther remaineth to shew you what this worde Oceā Sea meaneth what we call Promontorium Fretum Lacus Stagnum Fluuius Palus c. which I reserue vntill we speake of Nauigation And nowe we will tourne to our scope You shall cōsider that the face of th' Earth is protraste drawne two sundry waies either on à roūd plate forme for which inuention the Globe moste aptlye serueth or els on à plaine plat forme as à Card in which we drawe th'vniuer sall Earth or els but the half or the one part yea you please but one particuler Region which is proper to Chorographie as I said to you in the first booke Spo. Th' inuention should seme much better to drawe th' Earth in à playne plate fourme theron à Globe for in it we maye behoulde the whole face of th'Earthe wythout anye remouynge or tournynge of the Carde on the Globe you shall be compelled to turne firste one parte then another or you can vew any great portion of
not the trewe distaunce of them Philon. I cōfesse no lesse for if you haue not th' Angles of sighte from ij places you can not gather the distaunce of the thirde Therfore when as you haue placed in the Paper all the Townes Uillages or notable hils that you can se in that Horizont you shall take your instrument and Paper trauelinge vnto some other town where in like manner you shall go vp into the hiest place of the same and there placinge your instrumente as before obserue th' Angles of sight of such Townes Villagies as are in that Horizont Whiche ended you shall describe in the Paper an other circle as before as farre distaunte frō th' other as you thinke conueniente marking diligentlye that the Center of the second Circle be in the line of sighte drawne from the Center of the firste Circle it beinge also deuided into 360. partes drawing such Angles of sight as you can finde And so procede frō place to place vntil euery Towne or Uillage haue come twise in your sight And where that anye line of the seconde Circle Crosseth the like line in the firste Circle make there a Sterre or like marke for that thirde place so call I the towne obserued twise so in like manner you shall do with other places vntil you haue drawn the hole region you desire Spoud Than it is expediente for me to obserue the Angle of sighte of euerye Towne from ij seueral places so shall I finde oute the distaunce of one of them from an other or of the thirde frō thē both as it must be placed in the Card. Phil. Yea and not only in the Card but that being knowen you shall easely finde out the distaunce in miles of one of them from an other Spou. That semeth very meruelous seyng that you haue not theyr Longitudes Latitudes Phil. Yet the worke is right easie as I doubte not but you will confesse for knowing the distaunce in miles of anye Townes or Uillagies you shall knowe the true distaunce of all the Townes in an Region one from an other as for example Swarston in Norfolk is from Norwich iij. miles I deuide as you se the line drawne from Norwiche to it with my compasse in three equall parts after applye my compasse to the line drawne frō Norwich to Windham from Windham to Swarston find vi miles betwixt Norwich and Windham and. iiij ▪ miles from Windā to Swarston Spo. By this way I can finde out the distaūce of two townes nie together by that to finde out the distaūce of all townes in à Carde Phi. I do greatly commend you and you may also make à scale or ruler conteininge in it the quantitye of miles from one to an hundreth if you please and by this menes you may take with your compasse the distance of ij places then apply the compasse to the foresaide scale or ruler you shall finde the perfaite distance And nowe sence I haue fulfilled your mind for the chief principall matters belōging to Cosmographie Geographie I will at this present returne to my lodginge againe Spou. Whan shall it be your pleasure that I shall repaire vnto you to be instructed in the Terestriall Globe because you saide that it do mooste aptlye represente the forme of th'Earthe Philo. Being required by certain of my frendes I do entend to make a longer more ample discourse therin then this place will permit And therfore will at thys time omit it As touching my fift booke you shall receiue it of me to morrow which day also for your furderaunce I entende to consume in teaching you necessarye principles for Hydrographie and Nauigation And therefore agayne fare you well THE FOVRTH BOOKE OF the Cosmographicall Glasse setting out such necessary principles rules as are to be obserued in Hydrographie Nauigation Spoudaeus THERE IS NOthing vnder the Globe of the mone conteined whiche vnto man beast euerye liuinge wite semeth more tedious more ickesome and long thē time when as they once fele the wante of that they moste desire Whiche sayinge to be true althoughe manye do confesse yet I aboue all other muste of force affirme remembringe your promesse touchinge th' Arte of Nauigation For sence your departure the greadye Greyhounde I assure you neuer more desired his pray nor the thirstye harte the flowynge fountaine or the languishinge sicke paciente the recouery of his health then my minde wanting her fode and Nutrimente thoughte longe wished and thirsted after youre presence and companye Phi. It is the proper nature of suche in whose mynde knoweledge haue once builded her Boure euer more more like à couetous mā to labour trauell after sciēce for ther is no other waies how to expel that foule vglie beast Ignorance out of the minde of mā to place knowledge in the same but by all possible meanes to imbrace Sciēce Cunning. Wherfore lest that your paine should with Tantalus increase I wil no lenger occupie the time with other kinde of talke but will begin somwhat to intreat of necessary thinges belōging to Na uigatiō for I do not intende to set out the differēs of one vessell frō an other as th'Argousie Hulke Ship Craer Pincke Pynice Gally or what so euer name they haue nor yet of theyr takling but wil leaue it to such as are Pi lotes masters of that facultie will shew thē à way how they shall both correcte their errours also guide direct their Uessels according t'Arte Science Spo. Thē first I pray you begin with the diuisiō of the water expoūding such names as they take of ther place Phi. That was my meaning first as touching the seas you shal note that it is diuersly called either according to the hole or els accordīg to the part Accordīg to the hole as the seas by this generall name Oceā because they circuit th' earth roūde about according to the partes as the seas breaking into the land making bāckes on either side is called Sinus takinge also the name of the place it floweth into as Sinus Adriaticus sinus Arabicus Sinus Indicus c. Also the great seas which diuideth Afrik Europe is called the midle erth sea taking that name because in the Weast of Spaine it breaketh into the middes of th' Earth The Redde seas where proud Pharo all his bende were drenched is not farre distante from the midde Earthe Seas for there is but à certayne hyll whiche they must nedes go ouer that go by land frō Egipte to Arabia Petrea that parketh them Also the Sodomiticall or dead Seas so called because that Sodōe other Cities were there burnt with fire coming from heauen is not farre from Iordane it is also called the dead sea because the water moueth not no not with most vehement tempestes because of the pitch in it nether cā any shippe saile or any fishe
East Also that which coÌ„meth out of that place betwixt th' east the north they called it northeast The space directly betwixt the north the west they named northwest as betwixt the south the west southwest as in this figure A. B. C. D. represent the HorizoÌ„t A. th' east B. the north C. the weast D. the south E. the northeast F. the nortwest G. the southeast H. the Southeast Spo. Yet ther is another kind of partinge the HorizoÌ„t theÌ„ you haue declared for I remember that I red in Marcus Manilius how the HorizoÌ„ was parted in 12. partes but the reason of it I could neuer vnderstande His versis as I remember are these Asper ab axe ruit Boreas furit Eurus ab Ortu Auster amat medium Solem Zephyrusque profundum Hos inter binae mediis è partibus aurae Fxpirant similes mutato nomine flatus From the North rough Boreas come Eurus from th' East Auster from the South bloweth Zephyrus from the VVest Betwixt either of these quartes two other windes brost out In nature like their names changed whistling all th' earth about Phi. Manilius doeth very aptly shew th' order of parting the HorizoÌ„t in to 12. partes For saith he ther com meth two windes froÌ„ those partes of the Horizont where th' equinoctial crosseth it equally of which th' East he calleth Eurus And the Weast Zephyrus or Fauonius TheÌ„ the meridiaÌ„ circle crosseth also the HorizoÌ„t equally in the middes And so by these intersectioÌ„s ther are two other windes described the North he calleth Boreas The Southe Auster Spoud These iiij are the Principall windes agreeth with Homer th' olde Gretians Philo. Yea but in the rest it differeth bothe from theÌ„ also the seconde sort For these parted the Horizont in 8. equall portioÌ„s but Manilius into 12. inequal parts for he described iiij collaterall windes by the. ij Tropick Circles which are the places where the Sonne riseth goeth downe in the middes of Somer and Winter And also other 4. winds at the Circles Arctick Antarctick Spou. I remeÌ„her that in our first daies talk you shewed me what th'equinoctiall the Tropickes the circles Arctik Antarticke were notwithstanding I shall the more spedely conceiue your meaning if you vouch safe as hetherto you haue vsed to geue me some example picture hereof Phil. That I will not refuse to do or any other thinge so that the more vtiliti hereof may vnto you insue Wher fore behold the tipe before placed in which A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Is the place of the Horizont H. the Northe A. th' East L. the Southe B. the Weast From which the Principall windes doth blowe C. is the place wher the Sonne riseth in the Sommer E. wher in the same time of the yeare he setteth Also D. do represent the place where as the sonne riseth in the winter poynte and F. the coaste where he goeth downe Also that part of the Arctick circles which is most easterly marked with G th' other part furdest Weast noted wyth I. also the part of the Circle Antartike furdest East is marked with M. And th' other portion furdest west with K. But nowe in oure time the learned Hydrographers Trauelours on the Seas haue yet gone beyonde them all partyng the Horizont in 32. equall portions as sufficieÌ„tly answering vnto euery viage throughe the hole Earth they haue geuen them very apte names as in this Instrument folowyng more largely appeareth Spou. Thus I see that by diligence laboure small thinges haue great roote increasing For firste there were founde out but iiij Cardinall cheif windes after they wer made viij in numbre then xii And now in our dayes 32. so that I beleue we be at the furdest and that those whiche folow vs shall not be able to adde any thing to this pertition of windes Phi. You are much deceiued if that you so do think for the nuÌ„ber of â—…indes be infinite breke out of euery part of the horizoÌ„t But like as 12. in nuÌ„ber semed not sufficeÌ„t so 32. ar thought to answer in all parts that is in NauigatioÌ„ required the deuisinge of â greater number shall rather cause confusion of memorie then helpe in this behalfe Also by this Compasse the Sonne shynynge you shall perfitly know the houre of the day by the coast he is in As when he is right Easte West it is alwaye sixe of the cloke also à Southe Sonne maketh xij of the clocke So in like maner à southeast sonne maketh ix of the cloke à south weast sonne iij. of the cloke after noone Th' other houres are manifest by the compasse Spou. This is very necessary also in trauilinge And nowe retourne to that from whence we did digresse Ther are certein qualities applied to the windes wherof doth that springe Phi. There are so that cometh of the teÌ„perature of th' Earth so that the North windes be called coulde because they procede froÌ„ the frosen Zone these south windes hote because that they come froÌ„ the burnt zone But this beloÌ„geth more to Physick theÌ„ NauigatioÌ„ For we seke herin to learne th' apt winde which shall cary vs vnto the desired Porte not health which is the Physitions chiefe care Spou. I coÌ„fesse no lesse but yet sence we haue entred in to this matter I wyll be so bold as to trouble you herein further And where as you say the qualities of the windes spring of the teÌ„perature of th' earth do you meane the zones Climates Phil. I do no lesse Spou. TheÌ„ seyng the North winde is called cold because it cometh froÌ„ the north frosen zone why by the like reason shall not the South windes be of like qualitie coÌ„ming froÌ„ the south frosen zone Philoni I wyll aunswer you in few wordes The North winde commeth from the North frosen zone and is felt in our Climate because we are situated nerer that then the South frosen Zone whiche beinge vnder our fete as you haue heard before declared is kepte froÌ„ vs the couldnes of the winde not only mitigated but also greatlye altered throughe the heate of the burninge Zone And therfore the South windes are called hotte Spou. This doth very well agre both to reason experience So that in th'Equinoctial wher both the north and South windes meete there the windes are called teÌ„perate because the couldnes of them is taken away by the heat of the burninge Zone And by this also I gather that suche as dwell in the temperate Southe Zone 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Proclus call it beyond th'Equinoctiall they call the South wind cold and the North wind hot Phi. It must neades so be for that the burninge Zone qualifieth the coldnes os the Northe windes throughe his heat as to vs he doth the South Spou. There is now an other dout entred into my hed of which to
Metamorphos The error of Crates Albetragnius Democritus and Plato The AegiptiaÌ„s found out but 8. heauens Ptolomaeus found out the 9. heauen Alfonsus first founde the. 10 heauen out Theodosius Proclus Euclide Orontius Iohn Halifax Lib. 1. prop. 1. What a ceÌ„ter is Lib. 1. prop. 3. What the axe tree is What a diameter is and how it difereth from thâ—… axe tree aforsayd The spheare is taken two wayes A right sphere The poles of the worlde what thei are An oblique or croked sphere Lib. 1. defi 14. How a sphere and a Circle differ The principall circles in the Sphere of the world are x. in numbre What the Ho rizont is A question Th' answere An obiection Th' aunswere The Horizont deuided into two partes A right Horizont A croked Ho rizont What the Me ridian is * Zenit is that point or prick imagined to be directly ouer our heades is alwaye 90. degrees froÌ„ the East South Weast and North. Lib. 1. prop. 3. Antipodes What th' quinoctiall is Lib. 9. What the zodiack is * This lyne is called the ecliptick becau se in it is the coÌ„tinual course of the SoÌ„ne and that all Eclypses as well of him as of the mone can not be but in this lyne What a signe is What a degre is What a minute is Septemtrional signes Meridionall signes The vse of the zodiack Euery Planet haue two decli nations The diuersitie of the Sonnes declinatioÌ„ froÌ„ Ptolomaeus time vnto our age How to finde out by Instrument the Sonnes DeclinatioÌ„ What the som mer tropick is What the winter Tropick is The foure tymes of the yeare whereof they take beginning What the two coloures are What the are ticke circle is What the An tarctickcircle is Lib. 2. Geor. Li. 2. Theor. â—… Lactantius petulancie Why sum Circles are called greater and some lesser Th' other part of the diuision of the worlde Why ther can be but iiij Ele mentes Lib. 2. de gene ratione Lib. primo de Coelo A generall maior The situation place of th' Elementes Th' Aere deuidid into thre Regions Where Cometes and blasing Sterres are ingendred Where Haile and Snow is ingendred What th'Erth is Diuersitie of opinions touching th'Erth his fourme An obiection against the round fourme of th' Earth These Hilles are the greatest in all the Earch * This is the fa mous Hill of which Poëtes so muche intreate in the top of whiche the Gentils builded an aul ter making to Iuppiter Sacrifice Th'answere to the first obiection Th' earth is a stone The 2. obiectioÌ„ Th'answere In lib. 1. de Mundo Example of ij Eclipses of the Moone Ptolomaeus Cleomedes Philo. Aristotle E. Reignholt Orontius WhaÌ„ the SoÌ„ne is in the Tropick of Capricorne In both Aequi noctiall pointes In the Tropick of Cancer what is taught in this seconde Booke What DimeÌ„tion is What a Point is What a Lyne is What a Plat fourme is What a Body is Lib. 2. cap. 23. Natura hist. Heluetian mi les The quantitie of an Englishe mile Longitude taken two waies Ptolomaeus Hercules Pillers In Prologo li. 2. Geographiae What Latitud is Glarianus errour Howe to finde out the Circuit of th' Earth * The verticall Poynte Zenit or Pole of the Horizont is so much distance from the Equinoctiall how much the Pole is eleuated aboue the HorizoÌ„t And like as the meridian euer do describe the Northe and Southe costes so dothe the verticall Parallele the East and West An example Diuersitie of opinions touching th' earth his circuit What a Zone is Parmenides Possidomus The burning zone Temperate zones FroseÌ„ Zones Polybius error 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 An obiection Lib. 1. Metamorphos The Answer Ptolomaeus Auicenna Vesputius Columbus Erasmus Reignholt Amphiscij Ascij hath two Somers two Winters lib. 9. Libro 9. Lib. 2. cap. 4. Heteroscij Antipodes Lib. 3. Periscij How a Zone a Climate differ Ptolomaeus de uision of Climates What a Parallele is South Climates The quantitie of climates Paralleles South Paralle les Antipodes Auicenna Auicenna defended Aphoris 3. proposi â—… Pardaise where Lira Eratosthenes Polybius Hell where In Agamemnone To finde out the Meridian Line after Glarians maner The seconde way The. iij waye The iiij way The v. way To finde the Noonesteade Line by night GazophilacioÌ„ AstronomicuÌ„ To finde oute th' eleuation of the Pole aboue the Horizont An obseruation Fol. 31. 32. The Sonnes de clinatioÌ„ north The Sonnes de clinatioÌ„ south The third way The. 4. way The Astronomie â–ª Ringe Lib. 1. fol. 6. Atreus found first oute the time of Eclipses Aristotle The cause of the mone Eclipsed Howe to finde the Longitude of Regions by an Eclypse How to turne the houres of the daye into degrees minuces An obseruation of an Eclipse Apians waye to find out the Longitude of places Iacobes staffe Fol. 27. Whan the Mone is West of the Starre What is to be wrought WhaÌ„ the mone is Easte of the Sterre An example Another way The principall part of Cosmographie The noble rewarde of learnyng in times paste Neptunus Aeolus Ceres What an Ilande is Peninsula Isthmus Continent An objection against the te restriall Globe Th'Answere A particuler carde made ij waies The argument of the thirdâ—… booke The maner of making a perticuler Carte for any RegioÌ„ Ptolomaeus ex cused An example Cosmographicall Glasse The making of a Carde conteininge the whole Earthe ♈ ♂ ♉ ♀ ♊ ☿ ♋ ☽ ♌ ☉ ♠☿ ♎ ♀ ♠♂ ♠♃ ♑ ♄ â™’ ♄ ♓ ♃ To make a Carte without knowing LoÌ„gitude Latitude The Geographicall plaine Sphere Th' Angle of sight Th' Angle of sight A perfit Angle To finde the distaunce in miles of diuers places Howe to finde the distaunce of places Time tedious Th' Ocean sea Sinus what it here signifieth Mare mediteâ—… ranium The red Seas Mare Mortuâ—… Mare Cagelasum What Fretum iâ—… What Lacus is What Stagnum is What Palus is The cause of spring ebbe tides Li. 3. de Dieb decret cap. 2. An obiection Th'answere The cause of Ebbyng and flowing How at all tymes to finde th'age of the Moone An example Th'Epacte To know howe loÌ„g the Moone doth shine euery night An example An example How to know th'exacte time of ebbinge and flowyng An example What the winde is Foure Principall windes Marcus Manilius The Horizont parted into 32 partes The number of windes infinite North windes colde South windes hote An obiection Th'Answere Windes temperate vnder th'eqninoctiall A question Th'Answere Vlisses Diomedes Aneas Neptunus Aeolus The compasse vnknowen to th' olde Hydre graphers The praise of the neadle Obseruations of the nedle where it hath erred How to correcte the nedle Fol. 91. 92. 93. 94. Howe to direct a shippe to any Porte How to know in what place they are beyng driuen from theyr course Fol. 77. 78.
45. Basilia Basile 29. 45. 47. 45 Schathusa 28. 0. 47. 28 Curia chur 32. 0. 47. 30 Vesalia 26. 20. 51. 30 Francofordia 31. 40. 50. 10 Curia 32 0. 47. 30 Marburgum 32. 10. 51. 0 Bremen 32. 10. 53. 40 HeydelberguÌ„ called Heydelberge is à florishing Uniuersitie mainteined by the Palsgraue by it ther ruÌ„neth the riuer Neccarus ther florished 1559 in Phisicke D. Iohn Langius the Princes Phisician Iacob Curio Thomas Erastus Petrus Lotichius Secundus all Doctors in Phisick And D. Balduinus the Reader of the Ciuill Lector with diuers others of whom I was very gentely interteined at the time of my Commensment 32. 0. 49. 30. Vlmes 33. 0. 48. 30 Herbipolis wirtzpurgk 33. 30. 50. 0 Amberga 34. 0. 47. 15 Augusta 34. 0. 48. 15 Brunsuiga 34. 40. 52. 40 Ingolstadium 34. 45. 48. 30 Hamburgum 34. 0. 54. 30 Limeburgum 34. 45. 5. 45 Ratisbona 35. 40. 49. 0 Erdfordia 35. 0. 51. 10 Lubecum 35. 20. 54. 50 Liptzigum 36. 30. 51. 30 Magdaburge 36. 10. 54. 50 Salisburgum 36. 30. 47. 30 Brandenburgum 37. 20. 52. 40 Rostochium 37. 10. 54. 36 Misna 37. 20. 51. 50 Peurbachium 37. 35. 48. 15 Berlinum 38. 30. 52. 50 Praga 38. 20. 50. 6 Gripsualdia 38. 55. 54. 20 Vratislauia 41. 20. 51. 5 Gran 42 50. 47. 15 Posna 42. 0. 52. 45 Buda 43. 0. 46. 50 Lonreth 43. 20. 52. 30 Thorn 43. 30. 53. 30 Cracouia 44. 30. 50. 15 Mons Regius 49 0. 45. 0 Dantiscum 46. 0. 54. 55 Caralostadium 33. 25. 50. 0 Noribergum 34. 40. 49. 30 Munster 32. 0. 52. 5 VVitenberga 32. 10. â—…3 40 MOSCOVIA MOscouia is à longe ample RegioÌ„ the people miserable suspicious craftie the chief citie of ther Empirour is also called Moskaua 69. 0. 57. 0. Thither sailed out of England 1553 Chancelour diuers other The nature of th' inhabitantes coÌ„modities of the couÌ„try à perfite description of all the parts of the same you shal se at large set oute by Sigismunde Liber baron c. ILLIRIA AND Dalmatia I Lliria which is called Lyburnia hath on the North parts Pannonia on the west Istria on the South the Uenice seas on th' East Dalmatia the chiefe Cities townes are Sara 40. 5. 44. 9 Stridona the countrye of Saynt Ierome 42. 20. 43. 20 Flauona 37. 0. 44. 45 DALMATIA Ragusia 45. 0. 42. 20 sibinicum 43. 0. 43. 20 scutara 45. 30. 41. 30 saloniana 45. 0. 43. 20 Durazo 45. 55. 40. 55 ITALIE AND LOMbardie Brundusium 41. 0. 39. 30 Tarentum 40. 30. 39. 15 salernum 37. 20. 39. 30 Naplis 38. 50. 39. 55 Capua 36. 40. 40. 5 Aquilea 36. 40. 41. 10 Roma à Citie famous through all th' Earth 36. 40. 42. 0 Sena 34. 10. 42. 0 Florence 34. 15 42. 45 Viterbia 35. 0. 41. 15 Pisa 33. 0. 42. 15 Luca 33. 30. 42. 45 Ancona 36. 40. 42. 30 Bononia 33. 30. 43. 40 Rhauennae 35. 0. 43. 15 Farraria 34. 10. 43. 50 Parma 32. 30. 43. 50 Verona 34. 0. 44. 25 Venice 35. 30. 44. 45 Padua 35. 0. 44. 45 Mantua 33. 10. 44. 10 Vincentia 34. 39. 44. 20 Cremona 32. 45. 44. 20 Placentia 32. 30. 44. 20 Myllan 31. 45. 44. 15 Tortona 31. 30. 44. 0 Genua 31. 30. 43. 15 Taurinum 30. 40. 43. 45 Nisa 29. 30. 42. 40 Secusia 29. 45. 44. 0 Grassa 29. â—…0 â—…2 â—…5 Albinga 3â—… 40. 42. 5â—… Vercellae 30. 30. 44. 30 Nouaria 30. 15. 45. 0 A PERTICVLER DEscription of Grece and firste of Macedonia MACEDONIA MAcedonia hathe on the Northe parte Thrasia the hier Misnia on the West the Venetian seas on the south parts Epirus and Achaia On the East the Seas called EgiuÌ„ Pe lagus The principall Cities townes of it are Thessalonica now Salonica the seate of the chiefe Bishoppe of the Philippians vnto whome S. Paule wrot two Epistles the first from Athenis the secoÌ„de from Laodicia the chiefe bishopriche of Phrygia where also S. Paule preached the Gospell 49. 50. 41. 0 Apollonia 45. 6. 40. 10 Aulon 44. 50. 39. 56 Bullis 45. 0. 39. 45 Arethusa 50. 10. 41. 0 Panormus 54. 404. 1. 0 Hadrianopolis 50. 55. 40. 55 Ampelus 51. 15. 40. 30 Iöleos 51 3. 39. 15 Demetrias 50. 30. 38. 56 Larissa 51. 20. 38. 50 Thebae Thebs 51. 10. 38. 30 Arnissa 45. 20. 40. 40 Elima 45. 40. 39 40 Amantia 46. 0. 39. 40 Albenopolis 46. 0. 41. 0 Europus 46. 30. 41. 20 Apsalus 46. 20. 41. 5 Parocopolis 48. 40. 41. 40 Amphipolis 50. 0. 41. 30 Philippis à Citye where the great Alexander was born and from this Citie S. Paule sent his second Epistle to the Galatians 50. 45. 41. 45 Heraclia 47. 40. 41. 30 EPIRVS VVHOSE cheife places are Nicopolis 47. 30. 38. 30 Cassiopa 47. 0. 38. 45 Ambracia larta 48 â–ª 8 38. 20 ACHAIA VVHOSE chiefe places are Athenae sometime the fountaine and wellspringe of all good letters heare did Plato and Aristotle teach it is now destroyed 52. 45. 37. 15 Megaris 52. 15. 37. 30 Peloponesus Morea 51. 10. 37 30 Modonam 48. 30. 26. 0 Parnassus a mount 50. 20. 38 0 Helicon the holy Hill of the Musis at the foote wherof is à founteine of the Houe of Pegasus fote 51. 0. 37. 45 Pythia the place wher Apol logaue Oracles 50. 30. 37. 45 Constantinople somtime à citie vnder the ChristiaÌ„ Em pire but nowe the chiefe seat of Solymanus th' Emperor of Turkes which he waÌ„ 1453. 56. 0. 43. 5. Corinthe the Bishoppes seat in Achaia Hether sent S. Paule two Epistles the first froÌ„ Philippis à citie in Ma cedonie by Stephan fortunatus Achaicus The seconde Epistle by Titus Luke 51. 15. 36. 55 Stymphalus 50. 20. â—…6 20 Thus endeth the perticuler description of Europe A PERTICULER DESCRPTION OF AFRICA AFRICA which also in Greke is named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is the second part portion of th' Earth And was first so called of Iupiters daughter bering that name But Festus saith it came of the qualitie of th'Aëre in that couÌ„trey deriuing it of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as who should say 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is without horrour of coldenes other affirme that it toke name of Afer one of the pòsteritie of Abraham which ouercomyng his enemies remained in this part It beginneth at Gaditanum Fretum à narrow streight coÌ„ming out of th' Ocean into the middle Earth Seas haue Spaine on the north shore the Mores on the South And it doeth ende at the EgiptiaÌ„ Seas On the North it haue the middle Earth seas on the south shore the great Ocean on th' East the sea which stretche almost to the middle earth seas Africke is diuided into two parts by the hyll Atlas of whiche the lesser extendeth to the midle Earth seas the greater part goeth beyond this hill vnto the south OceaÌ„ The greater part of it is not inhabited for two causis one is for th' extreme heat being
vnder the burning zone the Sōne draweth all the moister of th' earth frō it so that for want of water no man cā ther liue The second is for the innumerable multitude of venamous wormes wilde beastes which are naturally ennemies vnto mankinde As the Lion the Olephant the Tiger such like Also Dragons Chrocodile Cocatrice sundry other venomous Wormes in suche sorte that th'inhabitauntes are compelled to put on botes for better auoiding their sting poison The part that is inhabited is frutful enough The people blacke Sauage Monstrous rude yet in those countries cities townes where the Spaniardes Portugalles Italians other do frequent the people are sumwhat more ciuill modest reasonable Diuers also yea right graue authors make mētion of certaine deformed that dwell in Africk as men with dogges heades called Cynocephali some with one eye that in the forehead named Monoculi others without heades theyr face in the breast with diuers such like which I sup pose rather fables then any truth If you desire à longer descoure Towching Africk hir inhabitātes cōmodities read Strabo in his 2. 17. bokes And also Plinius his 8. boke with diuers other writers which at large do herof intreate now I will folowing my order begun set out the notable regiōs which Ptolomaeus numbreth to be 12. with theyr chiefe Cities Townes hilles riuers with in Africke first we will begin with Mauritania which is diuided into Mauritania Tingitana Mauritania Caesariensi OF THE PRINCIPAL PLACES IN Tingitana or Barbarica Mauritania Fesse 10. 0. 30. 0 Tingis caesaria called commenlye Tanger 6. 30. 35. 30 Abilis one of Hercules Pillers is a hill againste Calpe an other Hill in Spaine 7. 50. 35. 40 Baba 8. 10. 34. 20 Banasa 6. 30. 34. 20 Septa 7. 30. 35. 55 Sala 6. 55. 34. 0 The Sonnes Mount 6. 45. 31 15 Benta 9. 30. 33. 40 Dorath 10. 10. 31. 15 Tamusida 7. 15. 34. 15 MAVRITANIA CAesariensis Apollos promontorie 15. 30. 33. 40 Iulia Caesaria 17. 0. 33. 20 Tucca. 20. 0. 31. 30 Hippa 20. 15. 29. 50 La Guardia 12. 0. 34. 20 Cissa Cerlel 18. 45. 32. 10 IN AFRICK THE lesse Colops the greater 27. 40. 32. 20 Colops the lesser 29. 20. 32. 35 Hippon 30. 30. 32. 15 Utica where Cato died now called Bensert 32. 0. 32. 45. Carthage 34. 40. 31. 50 Clupea 35. 0. 33. 20 Sabatra 41. 0. 31. 0 Vsanum 33. 15. 32. 20 Dabia 33. 0. 29. 40 NVMIDIA Culuca 28. 30. 31 0 Tucca 29. 30. 31. 20 Bizancina 37. 50. 30. 40 Capsa 37. 30. 29 45 Calatha 31. 0. 53. 40 Sabrata 41. 15. 30. 50 Ammon 65. 30 ▪ 28. 0 Oasis the great 59. 20. 26. 55 MARMARICA Alexandria 60. 30. 31. 0 Memphis 62. 50. 29. 50 Cayrum 62. 15. 30. 0 Syene 62. 15. 23. 50 LYBIA INTERIOR Tagaza 7. 0. 15. 40 Tuchorora 12. 30 16. 0 Tambutum 15. 30. 15. 40 MEROE Meroë is an Ilād of Nilus sometime called Saba now Elsaba where S. Matthew did preache the Gospel From hence came the quene of Saba to here Salomōs wisdome From hence also came Cādaces the quenes Enuche which was baptised of Philip th'Appostle But at this presēt it is the seate of the mightie prince that we cal Preter Iohn 61. 30. 16. 25 QVIOLA Quiola or Cayla is à region in which great plentie of Cinamome growe the chiefe cities are Hamaharica 65. 0. 9. 10 Masta 67. 30. South Pole 4 15 Beritis 60. 40. 21. 31 Quiola 76. 30. South pole 7. 30 Sabath 67. 30. 12. 30 Mombaza 79. 0. South Pole 6. 0. Melinda 82. 30. 2. 0 Cāuaquin 80. 0. 9. 50 Babell mendap There are the streightes of the red seas 74. 50. 11. 0. OF CITIES OF SONdry Regions in Southe Aethiopia Goia 60. 50. South Pole 19. 50 Garma 57. 0 South Pole 24. 0 Bali 70. 0. 21. 40 Meli 33. 0. 16. 30 OF THE NOTABLE Ilandes about Africke Porto Sancto 0. 35. 31. 30 Medera an Ilande firste inhabited of the Portugales it aboūdeth with Suger Honie Wax sundrye Herbes 358. 40. 29. 50 The Canarian Ilādes beyng x. in numbre 1. 30. 23. 30 S. Thomas Ilād 32. 30. 0. 30 Madagascar whiche is also called Saint Laurence Ilād there the North Pole is not sene the nedle in sailynge will do no seruice Therefore they ar cōstreined to vse Astro labes other Instrumēts 85. 30. South Pole 20. 0 Thus endeth the Description of Africke OF ASIA THE THIRDE parte of th' Earth WHAT Asia is and wherof it was firste so called there is no controuersie For all writers as wel Historiographers as also Geographers make it the iij. part of th' Earth to take that name of Asius sonne to kinge Cotis And although they call it the iij. part of th' Earth yet it is not because it conteyneth but the thirde part but bycause it is so diuided by the seas for of it selfe it is as much as Europe Africke conteineth after Ptolomaeus accompt 48. Prouinces It is parted into Asia the greater Asia the lesser Notwithstandyng diuers wryters vse this worde Asia the lesser more largelye than Geographers doth For they call all that portiō which is within the south shore of the ponticke seas th' east seas Pelagus Aegeum the North part of our Ocean the West part of the Riuer Euphrates to be Asia the lesser Asia conteyneth in hir circuit Bythinia Pōtus the lesser Asia Lycia Galatia Paphlagonia Pāphilia Capadocia the lesser Armenia Cilicia And all these after the maner of th' olde Grecians is comprehended within this one word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Anatolia that is to say th' east plage or coaste Asia dothe farre excell both Europe and Africke For it is so frutefull hathe so pleasaunt fildes such plētie of foder pasture the heauens geuing moisture to th' Earth in due season It hath aboūdāce of golde mines It bringeth forthe plentie of Cinamome Ginger Aloës diuers aromaticall spices Gūmes There are diuerse straunge beastes bred in Asia as Vnicornes Camelles Liberdes Mermosites Mercattes Grippes Yet one thing is to them infortunate that there are terrible many Earthquakes in so much that there haue bene x. xij Cities at one time subuerted ouerthrowen Th'inhabitauntes are sundrye diuers for some are Anthropophagi which eate the flesh of men drinke their bloud Ther are also Pygmeans men but à cubite in height which riding on Goates Rāmes do kepe warre with Cranes Ther ar diuers other formes of inhabitauntes resited of Plinius whiche at this present I willingly ouerpasse The spirites in this coūtrie by many illusions seke to bringe trauailers into daungers sumtime by calling them by theyr names other times by musicall noise as it were alluringe thē by the swetnes of the sounde vntil they be brought into danger through wilde beastes But now these thinges omitted whiche would make à great volume of them selues I will